Credit Quality and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses | Credit Quality and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses The Bancorp disaggregates ALLL balances and transactions in the ALLL by portfolio segment. Credit quality related disclosures for loans and leases are further disaggregated by class. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses The following tables summarize transactions in the ALLL by portfolio segment: For the three months ended March 31, 2023 ($ in millions) Commercial Residential Consumer Total Balance, beginning of period $ 1,127 245 822 2,194 Impact of adoption of ASU 2022-02 4 (36) (17) (49) Losses charged off (a) (33) (1) (76) (110) Recoveries of losses previously charged off (a) 2 1 29 32 Provision for (benefit from) loan and lease losses 43 (24) 129 148 Balance, end of period $ 1,143 185 887 2,215 (a) The Bancorp recorded $9 in both losses charged off and recoveries of losses previously charged off related to customer defaults on point-of-sale consumer loans for which the Bancorp obtained recoveries under third-party credit enhancements. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 ($ in millions) Commercial Residential Consumer Total Balance, beginning of period $ 1,102 235 555 1,892 Losses charged off (a) (11) (1) (52) (64) Recoveries of losses previously charged off (a) 3 2 25 30 Benefit from loan and lease losses 16 3 31 50 Balance, end of period $ 1,110 239 559 1,908 (a) The Bancorp recorded $8 in both losses charged off and recoveries of losses previously charged off related to customer defaults on point-of-sale consumer loans for which the Bancorp obtained recoveries under third-party credit enhancements. The following tables provide a summary of the ALLL and related loans and leases classified by portfolio segment: As of March 31, 2023 ($ in millions) Commercial Residential Consumer Total ALLL: (a) Individually evaluated $ 78 — 2 80 Collectively evaluated 1,065 185 885 2,135 Total ALLL $ 1,143 185 887 2,215 Portfolio loans and leases: (b) Individually evaluated $ 319 92 49 460 Collectively evaluated 76,920 17,388 27,961 122,269 Total portfolio loans and leases $ 77,239 17,480 28,010 122,729 (a) Includes $2 related to commercial leveraged leases at March 31, 2023. (b) Excludes $128 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value and includes $248 of commercial leveraged leases, net of unearned income at March 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022 ($ in millions) Commercial Residential Consumer Total ALLL: (a) Individually evaluated $ 30 47 45 122 Collectively evaluated 1,097 198 777 2,072 Total ALLL $ 1,127 245 822 2,194 Portfolio loans and leases: (b) Individually evaluated $ 531 560 297 1,388 Collectively evaluated 75,858 16,945 27,166 119,969 Total portfolio loans and leases $ 76,389 17,505 27,463 121,357 (a) Includes $2 related to commercial leveraged leases at December 31, 2022. (b) Excludes $123 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value and includes $247 of commercial leveraged leases, net of unearned income at December 31, 2022. CREDIT RISK PROFILE Commercial Portfolio Segment For purposes of monitoring the credit quality and risk characteristics of its commercial portfolio segment, the Bancorp disaggregates the segment into the following classes: commercial and industrial, commercial mortgage owner-occupied, commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied, commercial construction and commercial leases. To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality within the commercial portfolio segment, the Bancorp utilizes the following categories of credit grades: pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss. The five categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter. Pass ratings, which are assigned to those borrowers that do not have identified potential or well-defined weaknesses and for which there is a high likelihood of orderly repayment, are updated at least annually based on the size and credit characteristics of the borrower. All other categories are updated on a quarterly basis during the month preceding the end of the calendar quarter. The Bancorp assigns a special mention rating to loans and leases that have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease or the Bancorp’s credit position. The Bancorp assigns a substandard rating to loans and leases that are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged. Substandard loans and leases have well-defined weaknesses or weaknesses that could jeopardize the orderly repayment of the debt. Loans and leases in this grade also are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bancorp will sustain some loss if the deficiencies noted are not addressed and corrected. The Bancorp assigns a doubtful rating to loans and leases that have all the attributes of a substandard rating with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors that may work to the advantage of and strengthen the credit quality of the loan or lease, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors may include a proposed merger or acquisition, liquidation proceeding, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral or refinancing plans. Loans and leases classified as loss are considered uncollectible and are charged off in the period in which they are determined to be uncollectible. Because loans and leases in this category are fully charged off, they are not included in the following tables. For loans and leases that are collectively evaluated for an ACL, the Bancorp utilizes models to forecast expected credit losses over a reasonable and supportable forecast period based on the probability of a loan or lease defaulting, the expected balance at the estimated date of default and the expected loss percentage given a default. For the commercial portfolio segment, the estimates for probability of default are primarily based on internal ratings assigned to each commercial borrower on a 13-point scale and historical observations of how those ratings migrate to a default over time in the context of macroeconomic conditions. For loans with available credit, the estimate of the expected balance at the time of default considers expected utilization rates, which are primarily based on macroeconomic conditions and the utilization history of similar borrowers under those economic conditions. The estimates for loss severity are primarily based on collateral type and coverage levels and the susceptibility of those characteristics to changes in macroeconomic conditions. For more information about the Bancorp’s processes for developing these models, estimating credit losses for periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period and for estimating credit losses for individually evaluated loans, refer to Note 3. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s commercial portfolio segment, by class and vintage, disaggregated by credit risk grade: As of March 31, 2023 ($ in millions) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Commercial and industrial loans: Pass $ 805 4,364 2,673 885 402 648 44,136 — 53,913 Special mention 7 44 11 8 36 36 1,414 — 1,556 Substandard 76 121 58 218 25 108 1,630 — 2,236 Doubtful — — 2 — — — 13 — 15 Total commercial and industrial loans $ 888 4,529 2,744 1,111 463 792 47,193 — 57,720 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans: Pass $ 240 1,139 754 477 248 369 1,743 — 4,970 Special mention 12 14 29 3 2 12 22 — 94 Substandard 25 20 21 17 71 37 140 — 331 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial mortgage owner- occupied loans $ 277 1,173 804 497 321 418 1,905 — 5,395 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans: Pass $ 165 1,087 447 474 393 345 2,508 — 5,419 Special mention 47 — 32 26 — 2 139 — 246 Substandard 27 30 24 18 1 17 51 — 168 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans $ 239 1,117 503 518 394 364 2,698 — 5,833 Commercial construction loans: Pass $ 14 73 31 87 8 34 4,980 — 5,227 Special mention — — 33 — — — 147 — 180 Substandard 4 49 — — — 2 86 — 141 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial construction loans $ 18 122 64 87 8 36 5,213 — 5,548 Commercial leases: Pass $ 271 495 606 280 186 799 — — 2,637 Special mention — 3 9 4 2 16 — — 34 Substandard 7 5 15 2 3 40 — — 72 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial leases $ 278 503 630 286 191 855 — — 2,743 Total commercial loans and leases: Pass $ 1,495 7,158 4,511 2,203 1,237 2,195 53,367 — 72,166 Special mention 66 61 114 41 40 66 1,722 — 2,110 Substandard 139 225 118 255 100 204 1,907 — 2,948 Doubtful — — 2 — — — 13 — 15 Total commercial loans and leases $ 1,700 7,444 4,745 2,499 1,377 2,465 57,009 — 77,239 As of December 31, 2022 ($ in millions) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total Commercial and industrial loans: Pass $ 3,825 3,098 994 445 269 488 44,521 — 53,640 Special mention 65 24 15 36 10 24 1,221 — 1,395 Substandard 150 77 233 26 7 107 1,597 — 2,197 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial loans $ 4,040 3,199 1,242 507 286 619 47,339 — 57,232 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans: Pass $ 1,177 826 522 257 160 264 1,624 — 4,830 Special mention 17 15 13 12 13 2 56 — 128 Substandard 51 14 20 73 11 25 106 — 300 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans $ 1,245 855 555 342 184 291 1,786 — 5,258 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans: Pass $ 1,127 462 490 397 220 170 2,453 — 5,319 Special mention 1 84 26 — — 23 88 — 222 Substandard 65 19 18 1 1 17 100 — 221 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans $ 1,193 565 534 398 221 210 2,641 — 5,762 Commercial construction loans: Pass $ 82 31 93 8 35 7 4,684 — 4,940 Special mention — — — — — — 293 — 293 Substandard 53 — — — — 2 145 — 200 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial construction loans $ 135 31 93 8 35 9 5,122 — 5,433 Commercial leases: Pass $ 584 664 306 192 146 696 — — 2,588 Special mention — 4 2 4 7 19 — — 36 Substandard 1 20 2 4 21 32 — — 80 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial leases $ 585 688 310 200 174 747 — — 2,704 Total commercial loans and leases: Pass $ 6,795 5,081 2,405 1,299 830 1,625 53,282 — 71,317 Special mention 83 127 56 52 30 68 1,658 — 2,074 Substandard 320 130 273 104 40 183 1,948 — 2,998 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial loans and leases $ 7,198 5,338 2,734 1,455 900 1,876 56,888 — 76,389 The following table summarizes the Bancorp’s gross charge-offs within the commercial portfolio segment, by class and vintage: For the three months ended March 31, 2023 ($ in millions) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Commercial loans and leases: Commercial and industrial loans $ — 1 11 — — — 20 — 32 Commercial construction loans — — — — — — 1 — 1 Total commercial loans and leases $ — 1 11 — — — 21 — 33 Age Analysis of Past Due Commercial Loans and Leases The following tables summarize the Bancorp’s amortized cost basis in portfolio commercial loans and leases, by age and class: Current Loans and Leases (a) Past Due Total Loans 90 Days Past As of March 31, 2023 ($ in millions) 30-89 Days (a) 90 Days or More (a) Total Commercial loans and leases: Commercial and industrial loans $ 57,549 109 62 171 57,720 17 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 5,386 6 3 9 5,395 — Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 5,832 1 — 1 5,833 — Commercial construction loans 5,541 2 5 7 5,548 — Commercial leases 2,723 16 4 20 2,743 — Total portfolio commercial loans and leases $ 77,031 134 74 208 77,239 17 (a) Includes accrual and nonaccrual loans and leases. Current Loans and Leases (a) Past Due Total Loans 90 Days Past As of December 31, 2022 ($ in millions) 30-89 Days (a) 90 Days or More (a) Total Commercial loans and leases: Commercial and industrial loans $ 57,092 98 42 140 57,232 11 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 5,241 14 3 17 5,258 — Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 5,756 6 — 6 5,762 — Commercial construction loans 5,424 7 2 9 5,433 — Commercial leases 2,698 4 2 6 2,704 2 Total portfolio commercial loans and leases $ 76,211 129 49 178 76,389 13 (a) Includes accrual and nonaccrual loans and leases. Residential Mortgage and Consumer Portfolio Segments For purposes of monitoring the credit quality and risk characteristics of its consumer portfolio segment, the Bancorp disaggregates the segment into the following classes: home equity, indirect secured consumer loans, credit card and other consumer loans. The Bancorp’s residential mortgage portfolio segment is also a separate class. The Bancorp considers repayment performance as the best indicator of credit quality for residential mortgage and consumer loans, which includes both the delinquency status and performing versus nonperforming status of the loans. The delinquency status of all residential mortgage and consumer loans and the performing versus nonperforming status are presented in the following tables. For collectively evaluated loans in the consumer and residential mortgage portfolio segments, the Bancorp’s expected credit loss models primarily utilize the borrower’s FICO score and delinquency history in combination with macroeconomic conditions when estimating the probability of default. The estimates for loss severity are primarily based on collateral type and coverage levels and the susceptibility of those characteristics to changes in macroeconomic conditions. The expected balance at the estimated date of default is also especially impactful in the expected credit loss models for portfolio classes which generally have longer terms (such as residential mortgage loans and home equity) and portfolio classes containing a high concentration of loans with revolving privileges (such as home equity). The estimate of the expected balance at the time of default considers expected prepayment and utilization rates where applicable, which are primarily based on macroeconomic conditions and the utilization history of similar borrowers under those economic conditions. Refer to Note 3 for additional information about the Bancorp’s process for developing these models and its process for estimating credit losses for periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s residential mortgage and consumer portfolio segments, by class and vintage, disaggregated by both age and performing versus nonperforming status: As of March 31, 2023 ($ in millions) Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Residential mortgage loans: Performing: Current (a) $ 249 3,222 5,355 2,931 1,028 4,543 — — 17,328 30-89 days past due — 1 2 3 1 10 — — 17 90 days or more past due — 1 2 — 1 5 — — 9 Total performing 249 3,224 5,359 2,934 1,030 4,558 — — 17,354 Nonperforming — 1 3 4 4 114 — — 126 Total residential mortgage loans (b) $ 249 3,225 5,362 2,938 1,034 4,672 — — 17,480 Home equity: Performing: Current $ 14 45 3 7 14 106 3,663 14 3,866 30-89 days past due — — — — — 2 21 — 23 90 days or more past due — — — — — 1 — — 1 Total performing 14 45 3 7 14 109 3,684 14 3,890 Nonperforming — — — — — 7 60 1 68 Total home equity $ 14 45 3 7 14 116 3,744 15 3,958 Indirect secured consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 1,595 5,526 5,355 2,302 1,041 528 — — 16,347 30-89 days past due 2 32 33 19 14 10 — — 110 90 days or more past due — — — — — — — — — Total performing 1,597 5,558 5,388 2,321 1,055 538 — — 16,457 Nonperforming — 5 5 7 5 5 — — 27 Total indirect secured consumer loans $ 1,597 5,563 5,393 2,328 1,060 543 — — 16,484 Credit card: Performing: Current $ — — — — — — 1,696 — 1,696 30-89 days past due — — — — — — 18 — 18 90 days or more past due — — — — — — 18 — 18 Total performing — — — — — — 1,732 — 1,732 Nonperforming — — — — — — 29 — 29 Total credit card $ — — — — — — 1,761 — 1,761 Other consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 722 2,928 481 323 149 229 903 31 5,766 30-89 days past due — 19 5 2 2 3 3 — 34 90 days or more past due — 1 — — — — — — 1 Total performing 722 2,948 486 325 151 232 906 31 5,801 Nonperforming — 3 1 — — 1 1 — 6 Total other consumer loans $ 722 2,951 487 325 151 233 907 31 5,807 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 2,580 11,721 11,194 5,563 2,232 5,406 6,262 45 45,003 30-89 days past due 2 52 40 24 17 25 42 — 202 90 days or more past due — 2 2 — 1 6 18 — 29 Total performing 2,582 11,775 11,236 5,587 2,250 5,437 6,322 45 45,234 Nonperforming — 9 9 11 9 127 90 1 256 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans (b) $ 2,582 11,784 11,245 5,598 2,259 5,564 6,412 46 45,490 (a) Information includes advances made pursuant to servicing agreements for GNMA mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. As of March 31, 2023, $76 of these loans were 30-89 days past due and $154 were 90 days or more past due. The Bancorp recognized an immaterial amount of losses during the three months ended March 31, 2023, due to claim denials and curtailments associated with these insured or guaranteed loans. (b) Excludes $128 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value at March 31, 2023, including $3 of nonperforming loans. As of December 31, 2022 ($ in millions) Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total Residential mortgage loans: Performing: Current (a) $ 3,195 5,440 2,981 1,051 344 4,336 — — 17,347 30-89 days past due 4 4 3 1 2 15 — — 29 90 days or more past due — — 1 — 1 5 — — 7 Total performing 3,199 5,444 2,985 1,052 347 4,356 — — 17,383 Nonperforming — 3 4 4 7 104 — — 122 Total residential mortgage loans (b) $ 3,199 5,447 2,989 1,056 354 4,460 — — 17,505 Home equity: Performing: Current $ 46 3 7 15 17 94 3,741 18 3,941 30-89 days past due — — — — — 2 28 — 30 90 days or more past due — — — — — 1 — — 1 Total performing 46 3 7 15 17 97 3,769 18 3,972 Nonperforming — — — — — 8 58 1 67 Total home equity $ 46 3 7 15 17 105 3,827 19 4,039 Indirect secured consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 6,034 5,875 2,600 1,217 416 239 — — 16,381 30-89 days past due 34 42 28 22 11 5 — — 142 90 days or more past due — — — — — — — — — Total performing 6,068 5,917 2,628 1,239 427 244 — — 16,523 Nonperforming 4 6 7 6 4 2 — — 29 Total indirect secured consumer loans $ 6,072 5,923 2,635 1,245 431 246 — — 16,552 Credit card: Performing: Current $ — — — — — — 1,808 — 1,808 30-89 days past due — — — — — — 21 — 21 90 days or more past due — — — — — — 18 — 18 Total performing — — — — — — 1,847 — 1,847 Nonperforming — — — — — — 27 — 27 Total credit card $ — — — — — — 1,874 — 1,874 Other consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 2,704 540 355 169 112 146 908 26 4,960 30-89 days past due 14 6 3 2 2 2 3 — 32 90 days or more past due — — — — — — 1 — 1 Total performing 2,718 546 358 171 114 148 912 26 4,993 Nonperforming 2 1 — — — 1 1 — 5 Total other consumer loans $ 2,720 547 358 171 114 149 913 26 4,998 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 11,979 11,858 5,943 2,452 889 4,815 6,457 44 44,437 30-89 days past due 52 52 34 25 15 24 52 — 254 90 days or more past due — — 1 — 1 6 19 — 27 Total performing 12,031 11,910 5,978 2,477 905 4,845 6,528 44 44,718 Nonperforming 6 10 11 10 11 115 86 1 250 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans (b) $ 12,037 11,920 5,989 2,487 916 4,960 6,614 45 44,968 (a) Information includes advances made pursuant to servicing agreements for GNMA mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. As of December 31, 2022, $81 of these loans were 30-89 days past due and $147 were 90 days or more past due. The Bancorp recognized $1 of losses during the three months ended March 31, 2022 due to claim denials and curtailments associated with these insured or guaranteed loans. (b) Excludes $123 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value at December 31, 2022, including $1 of 30-89 days past due loans and $2 of nonperforming loans. The following table summarizes the Bancorp’s gross charge-offs within the residential mortgage and consumer portfolio segments, by class and vintage: For the three months ended March 31, 2023 ($ in millions) Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Residential mortgage loans $ — — — — — 1 — — 1 Consumer loans: Home equity — — — — — — 1 — 1 Indirect secured consumer loans — 8 6 4 3 2 — — 23 Credit cards — — — — — 20 — — 20 Other consumer loans — 10 5 3 2 3 8 1 32 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans $ — 18 11 7 5 26 9 1 77 Collateral-Dependent Loans and Leases The Bancorp considers a loan or lease to be collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. When a loan or lease is collateral-dependent, its fair value is generally based on the fair value less cost to sell of the underlying collateral. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s collateral-dependent loans and leases, by portfolio class, as of: ($ in millions) March 31, December 31, Commercial loans and leases: Commercial and industrial loans $ 276 433 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 12 14 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 21 27 Commercial construction loans 5 56 Commercial leases 5 1 Total commercial loans and leases $ 319 531 Residential mortgage loans 92 57 Consumer loans: Home equity 43 46 Indirect secured consumer loans 6 6 Total consumer loans $ 49 52 Total portfolio loans and leases $ 460 640 Nonperforming Assets Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans and leases for which ultimate collectability of the full amount of the principal and/or interest is uncertain and certain other assets, including OREO and other repossessed property. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s nonaccrual loans and leases, by class, and OREO and other repossessed property as of: March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 ($ in millions) With an ALLL No Related Total With an ALLL No Related Total Commercial loans and leases: Commercial and industrial loans $ 239 41 280 114 101 215 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 11 11 22 9 7 16 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 18 4 22 20 4 24 Commercial construction loans 3 2 5 6 2 8 Commercial leases 4 1 5 — — — Total nonaccrual portfolio commercial loans and leases $ 275 59 334 149 114 263 Residential mortgage loans 92 37 129 81 43 124 Consumer loans: Home equity 55 13 68 45 22 67 Indirect secured consumer loans 26 1 27 26 3 29 Credit card 29 — 29 27 — 27 Other consumer loans 6 — 6 5 — 5 Total nonaccrual portfolio consumer loans $ 116 14 130 103 25 128 Total nonaccrual portfolio loans and leases (a)(b) $ 483 110 593 333 182 515 OREO and other repossessed property — 30 30 — 24 24 Total nonperforming portfolio assets (a)(b) $ 483 140 623 333 206 539 (a) Excludes an immaterial amount of nonaccrual loans held for sale as of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. (b) Includes $17 and $15 of nonaccrual government insured commercial loans whose repayments are insured by the SBA as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Bancorp recognized an immaterial amount of interest income on nonaccrual loans and leases for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The Bancorp’s amortized cost basis of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction was $175 million and $154 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty On January 1, 2023, the Bancorp adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminated the recognition and measurement guidance for TDRs. The amended accounting and disclosure requirements are applicable to loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty which are completed on or after the adoption date. For further information on the adoption of ASU 2022-02, refer to Note 3. In the course of servicing its loans, the Bancorp works with borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty to identify solutions that are mutually beneficial to both parties with the objective of mitigating the risk of losses on the loan. These efforts often result in modifications to the payment terms of the loan. The types of modifications offered to borrowers vary by type of loan and may include term extensions, interest rate reductions, payment delays (other than those that are insignificant) or combinations thereof. The Bancorp typically does not provide principal forgiveness except in circumstances where the loan has already been fully or partially charged off. The Bancorp applies its expected credit loss models consistently to both modified and non-modified loans when estimating the ALLL. For loans which are modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, there is generally not a significant change to the ALLL upon modification because the Bancorp’s ALLL estimation methodologies already consider those borrowers’ financial difficulties and the resulting effects of potential modifications when estimating expected credit losses. As of March 31, 2023, portfolio loans with an amortized cost basis of $202 million, or 0.16% of total portfolio loans and leases, were modified during the three months ended March 31, 2023 for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, as further discussed in the following sections. This amount excludes $13 million of consumer and residential mortgage loans as of March 31, 2023 which have been granted a concession under provisions of the Federal Bankruptcy Act and are monitored separately from loans modified under the Bancorp’s loan modification programs. As of March 31, 2023, the Bancorp had commitments of $109 million to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose terms have been modified during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Commercial portfolio segment Commercial loan modifications are individually negotiated and may vary depending on the borrower’s financial situation, but the Bancorp most commonly utilizes term extensions for periods of 3 to 12 months. In less common situations and when specifically warranted by the borrower’s situation, the Bancorp may also consider offering commercial borrowers interest rate reductions or payment deferrals, which may be combined with a term extension. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s commercial portfolio loans that were modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2023, by portfolio class and type of modification: ($ in millions) Term Extension Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Total % of Total Class Commercial and industrial loans $ 105 1 — 106 0.18 % Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 1 — — 1 0.02 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 22 — 3 25 0.43 Commercial construction loans 31 — — 31 0.56 Total commercial portfolio loans $ 159 1 3 163 0.21 % Residential mortgage portfolio segment The Bancorp has established residential mortgage loan modification programs which define the type of modifications available as well as the eligibility criteria for borrowers. The designs of the Bancorp’s modification programs for residential mortgage loans are similar to those utilized by the various GSEs. The most common modification program utilized for residential mortgage loans is a term extension for up to 480 months from the modification date, combined with a change in interest rate to a fixed rate (which may be an increase or decrease from the rate in the original loan). As part of these modifications, the Bancorp may capitalize delinquent amounts due at the time of the modification into the principal balance of the loan when determining its modified payment structure. For loans where the modification results in a new monthly payment amount, borrowers are generally required to complete a trial period of three The following table presents the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s residential mortgage loans that were modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2023, by type of modification: ($ in millions) Total % of Total Class Payment delay $ 8 0.05 % Term extension and payment delay 14 0.08 Term extension, interest rate reduction and payment delay 2 0.01 Total residential mortgage portfolio loans $ 24 0.14 % The Bancorp had $18 million of in-process modifications to residential mortgage loans outstanding as of March 31, 2023 which are excluded from the completed modification activity in the table above. These in-process modifications will be reported as completed modifications once the borrower satisfies the applicable contingencies in the modification agreement and the loan is contractually modified to make the modified terms permanent. Consumer portfolio segment The Bancorp’s modification programs for consumer loans vary based on type of loan. The most common modification program for home equity is a term extension for up to 360 months combined with a deferral of delinquent amounts due until maturity, which may also be combined with an interest rate reduction. Modification programs for credit card typically involve an interest rate reduction and an increase to the minimum monthly payment in order to repay a larger portion of outstanding balances. Modifications for indirect secured consumer loans and other consumer loans are less commonly utilized as part of the Bancorp’s loss mitigation activities and programs vary by specific product type. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s consumer portfolio loans that were modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2023, by portfolio class and type of modification: ($ in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Payment Deferral Term Extension and Payment Deferral Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction and Payment Deferral Total % of Total Class Home equity $ — — 1 3 4 0.10 % Credit card 10 — — — 10 0.57 Other consumer loans — 1 — — 1 0.02 Total consumer portfolio loans $ 10 1 1 3 15 0.05 % Financial effects of loan modifications The following table presents the financial effects of the Bancorp’s portfolio loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2023, by portfolio class: Financial Effects Commercial loans: Commercial and industrial loans Weighted-average length of term extensions was 5 months. Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans Weighted-average length of term extensions was 4 months. Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans Weighted-average length of term extensions was 8 months and the weighted-average interest rate reduction was from 9.1% to 8.9%. Commercial construction loans Weighted-average length of term extensions was 12 months. Residential mortgage loans Weighted-average length of term extensions was 130 months and the amount of payment delays represented approximately 16% of the related loan balances. Consumer loans: Home equity Weighted-average length of term extensions was 24.8 years, the weighted-average interest rate reduction was from 8.0% to 6.5% and the amount of payment deferrals represented approximately 6% of the related loan balances. Credit card Weighted-average interest rate reduction was from 23.2% to 3.9%. Other consumer loans Amount of payment deferrals represented approximately 6% of the related loan balances. Credit quality of modified loans The Bancorp closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table presents th |