Credit Quality and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses | Credit Quality and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses The Bancorp disaggregates ALLL balances and transactions in the ALLL by portfolio segment. Credit quality related disclosures for loans and leases are further disaggregated by class. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses The following tables summarize transactions in the ALLL by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31: 2024 ($ in millions) Commercial Residential Mortgage Consumer Total Balance, beginning of period $ 1,130 145 1,047 2,322 Losses charged-off (a) (267) (2) (417) (686) Recoveries of losses previously charged-off (a) 23 4 127 154 Provision for (benefit from) loan and lease losses 268 (1) 295 562 Balance, end of period $ 1,154 146 1,052 2,352 (a) The Bancorp recorded $28 in both losses charged-off and recoveries of losses previously charged-off related to customer defaults on point-of-sale consumer loans for which the Bancorp obtained recoveries under third-party credit enhancements. 2023 ($ in millions) Commercial Residential Mortgage Consumer Total Balance, beginning of period $ 1,127 245 822 2,194 Impact of adoption of ASU 2022-02 4 (36) (17) (49) Losses charged-off (a) (170) (4) (348) (522) Recoveries of losses previously charged-off (a) 17 4 113 134 Provision for (benefit from) loan and lease losses 152 (64) 477 565 Balance, end of period $ 1,130 145 1,047 2,322 (a) The Bancorp recorded $35 in both losses charged-off and recoveries of losses previously charged-off related to customer defaults on point-of-sale consumer loans for which the Bancorp obtained recoveries under third-party credit enhancements. 2022 ($ in millions) Commercial Residential Mortgage Consumer Total Balance, beginning of period $ 1,102 235 555 1,892 Losses charged-off (a) (131) (3) (228) (362) Recoveries of losses previously charged-off (a) 30 5 100 135 Provision for loan and lease losses 126 8 395 529 Balance, end of period $ 1,127 245 822 2,194 (a) The Bancorp recorded $32 in both losses charged-off and recoveries of losses previously charged-off related to customer defaults on point-of-sale consumer loans for which the Bancorp obtained recoveries under third-party credit enhancements. The following tables provide a summary of the ALLL and related loans and leases classified by portfolio segment: As of December 31, 2024 ($ in millions) Commercial Residential Mortgage Consumer Total ALLL: (a) Individually evaluated $ 106 — 11 117 Collectively evaluated 1,048 146 1,041 2,235 Total ALLL $ 1,154 146 1,052 2,352 Portfolio loans and leases: (b) Individually evaluated $ 395 131 96 622 Collectively evaluated 72,898 17,304 28,859 119,061 Total portfolio loans and leases $ 73,293 17,435 28,955 119,683 (a) Includes $1 related to commercial leveraged leases at December 31, 2024. (b) Excludes $108 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value and includes $248 of commercial leveraged leases, net of unearned income, at December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2023 ($ in millions) Commercial Residential Mortgage Consumer Total ALLL: (a) Individually evaluated $ 90 — 6 96 Collectively evaluated 1,040 145 1,041 2,226 Total ALLL $ 1,130 145 1,047 2,322 Portfolio loans and leases: (b) Individually evaluated $ 281 126 69 476 Collectively evaluated 72,465 16,784 27,393 116,642 Total portfolio loans and leases $ 72,746 16,910 27,462 117,118 (a) Includes $2 related to commercial leveraged leases at December 31, 2023. (b) Excludes $116 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value and includes $249 of commercial leveraged leases, net of unearned income, at December 31, 2023. CREDIT RISK PROFILE Commercial Portfolio Segment For purposes of monitoring the credit quality and risk characteristics of its commercial portfolio segment, the Bancorp disaggregates the segment into the following classes: commercial and industrial, commercial mortgage owner-occupied, commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied, commercial construction and commercial leases. To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality within the commercial portfolio segment, the Bancorp utilizes the following categories of credit ratings: pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss. The five categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter. Pass ratings, which are assigned to those borrowers that do not have identified potential or well-defined weaknesses and for which there is a high likelihood of orderly repayment, are updated at least annually based on the size and credit characteristics of the borrower. All other categories are updated on a quarterly basis during the month preceding the end of the calendar quarter. The Bancorp assigns a special mention rating to loans and leases that have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease or the Bancorp’s credit position. The Bancorp assigns a substandard rating to loans and leases that are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged. Substandard loans and leases have well-defined weaknesses or weaknesses that could jeopardize the orderly repayment of the debt. Loans and leases with this rating also are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bancorp will sustain some loss if the deficiencies noted are not addressed and corrected. The Bancorp assigns a doubtful rating to loans and leases that have all the attributes of a substandard rating with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors that may work to the advantage of and strengthen the credit quality of the loan or lease, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors may include a proposed merger or acquisition, liquidation proceeding, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral or refinancing plans. Loans and leases classified as loss are considered uncollectible and are charged off in the period in which they are determined to be uncollectible. Because loans and leases in this category are fully charged-off, they are not included in the following tables. For loans and leases that are collectively evaluated for an ACL, the Bancorp utilizes models to forecast expected credit losses over a reasonable and supportable forecast period based on the probability of a loan or lease defaulting, the expected balance at the estimated date of default and the expected loss percentage given a default. For the commercial portfolio segment, the estimates for probability of default are primarily based on internal ratings assigned to each commercial borrower on a 13-point scale and historical observations of how those ratings migrate to a default over time in the context of macroeconomic conditions. For loans with available credit, the estimate of the expected balance at the time of default considers expected utilization rates, which are primarily based on macroeconomic conditions and the utilization history of similar borrowers under those economic conditions. The estimates for loss severity are primarily based on collateral type and coverage levels and the susceptibility of those characteristics to changes in macroeconomic conditions. For more information about the Bancorp’s processes for developing these models, estimating credit losses for periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period and for estimating credit losses for individually evaluated loans, refer to Note 1. The Bancorp defines term loans and leases as those having a fixed duration, repayment schedule and defined interest rate. For purposes of disclosing term loans by origination year, the Bancorp generally determines the origination date for loans and leases within the commercial portfolio as the date of the most recent credit decision or extension. Revolving and other loans include loans with revolving privileges and certain complex lending arrangements involving commitments made by the Bancorp under predefined terms, including loans with both revolving and non-revolving components, loans with delayed draw features or loans with interchangeable interest rate and repayment options that extend beyond the time of origination. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s commercial portfolio segment, by class and vintage, disaggregated by credit risk rating: As of December 31, 2024 ($ in millions) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Commercial and industrial loans: Pass $ 2,966 1,346 2,445 1,321 371 437 40,185 49,071 Special mention 15 13 22 1 3 9 1,055 1,118 Substandard 67 95 182 74 32 15 1,545 2,010 Doubtful — — 2 — — — 70 72 Total commercial and industrial loans $ 3,048 1,454 2,651 1,396 406 461 42,855 52,271 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans: Pass $ 786 790 844 630 315 307 1,829 5,501 Special mention 8 9 23 7 — 3 31 81 Substandard 64 34 24 28 9 43 239 441 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans $ 858 833 891 665 324 353 2,099 6,023 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans: Pass $ 710 751 769 170 263 408 2,698 5,769 Special mention 54 — 50 5 — — 150 259 Substandard 38 27 9 — — 2 119 195 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans $ 802 778 828 175 263 410 2,967 6,223 Commercial construction loans: Pass $ 4 21 — 29 — — 4,565 4,619 Special mention — — — — — — 756 756 Substandard — — — — — — 213 213 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total commercial construction loans $ 4 21 — 29 — — 5,534 5,588 Commercial leases: Pass $ 1,532 335 281 311 137 517 — 3,113 Special mention 4 4 2 3 2 4 — 19 Substandard — 11 12 4 3 26 — 56 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total commercial leases $ 1,536 350 295 318 142 547 — 3,188 Total commercial loans and leases: Pass $ 5,998 3,243 4,339 2,461 1,086 1,669 49,277 68,073 Special mention 81 26 97 16 5 16 1,992 2,233 Substandard 169 167 227 106 44 86 2,116 2,915 Doubtful — — 2 — — — 70 72 Total commercial loans and leases $ 6,248 3,436 4,665 2,583 1,135 1,771 53,455 73,293 As of December 31, 2023 ($ in millions) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving and Other Loans 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Commercial and industrial loans: Pass $ 2,124 3,434 1,814 580 263 321 40,889 49,425 Special mention 16 100 60 33 6 105 1,756 2,076 Substandard 105 103 28 18 39 73 1,397 1,763 Doubtful — — — — — — 6 6 Total commercial and industrial loans $ 2,245 3,637 1,902 631 308 499 44,048 53,270 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans: Pass $ 870 1,078 746 408 219 260 1,279 4,860 Special mention 30 23 18 — 6 — 20 97 Substandard 31 22 11 10 45 10 114 243 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans $ 931 1,123 775 418 270 270 1,413 5,200 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans: Pass $ 886 825 261 348 293 243 2,724 5,580 Special mention 111 166 — 2 — 2 81 362 Substandard 81 1 8 — — 2 42 134 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans $ 1,078 992 269 350 293 247 2,847 6,076 Commercial construction loans: Pass $ 171 36 45 41 70 6 4,818 5,187 Special mention — — — — — — 199 199 Substandard 61 — 33 — — — 141 235 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total commercial construction loans $ 232 36 78 41 70 6 5,158 5,621 Commercial leases: Pass $ 598 386 462 202 145 664 — 2,457 Special mention 1 9 12 3 8 14 — 47 Substandard 20 14 1 5 5 30 — 75 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total commercial leases $ 619 409 475 210 158 708 — 2,579 Total commercial loans and leases: Pass $ 4,649 5,759 3,328 1,579 990 1,494 49,710 67,509 Special mention 158 298 90 38 20 121 2,056 2,781 Substandard 298 140 81 33 89 115 1,694 2,450 Doubtful — — — — — — 6 6 Total commercial loans and leases $ 5,105 6,197 3,499 1,650 1,099 1,730 53,466 72,746 The following tables summarize the Bancorp’s gross charge-offs within the commercial portfolio segment, by class and vintage during the years ended December 31: 2024 ($ in millions) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving and Other Loans 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Commercial loans and leases: Commercial and industrial loans $ 1 6 17 1 1 — 238 264 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans — 1 — — — — — 1 Commercial construction loans — — — — — — — — Commercial leases — — — — — 2 — 2 Total commercial loans and leases $ 1 7 17 1 1 2 238 267 2023 ($ in millions) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving and Other Loans 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Commercial loans and leases: Commercial and industrial loans $ 25 7 12 1 — 11 112 168 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans — — — — — — 1 1 Commercial construction loans — — — — — — 1 1 Commercial leases — — — — — — — — Total commercial loans and leases $ 25 7 12 1 — 11 114 170 Age Analysis of Past Due Commercial Loans and Leases The following tables summarize the Bancorp’s amortized cost basis in portfolio commercial loans and leases, by age and class: Current Loans and Leases (a) Past Due Total Loans and Leases 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing As of December 31, 2024 ($ in millions) 30-89 Days (a) 90 Days or More (a) Total Past Due Commercial loans and leases: Commercial and industrial loans $ 52,098 90 83 173 52,271 5 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 5,980 40 3 43 6,023 — Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 6,215 6 2 8 6,223 — Commercial construction loans 5,587 1 — 1 5,588 — Commercial leases 3,167 18 3 21 3,188 1 Total portfolio commercial loans and leases $ 73,047 155 91 246 73,293 6 (a) Includes accrual and nonaccrual loans and leases. Current Loans and Leases (a) Past Due Total Loans and Leases 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing As of December 31, 2023 ($ in millions) 30-89 Days (a) 90 Days or More (a) Total Past Due Commercial loans and leases: Commercial and industrial loans $ 53,107 61 102 163 53,270 8 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 5,196 1 3 4 5,200 — Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 6,061 14 1 15 6,076 — Commercial construction loans 5,621 — — — 5,621 — Commercial leases 2,562 17 — 17 2,579 — Total portfolio commercial loans and leases $ 72,547 93 106 199 72,746 8 (a) Includes accrual and nonaccrual loans and leases. Residential Mortgage and Consumer Portfolio Segments For purposes of monitoring the credit quality and risk characteristics of its consumer portfolio segment, the Bancorp disaggregates the segment into the following classes: home equity, indirect secured consumer loans, credit card, solar energy installation loans and other consumer loans. The Bancorp’s residential mortgage portfolio segment is also a separate class. The Bancorp considers repayment performance as the best indicator of credit quality for residential mortgage and consumer loans, which includes both the delinquency status and performing versus nonperforming status of the loans. The delinquency status of all residential mortgage and consumer loans and the performing versus nonperforming status are presented in the following tables. For collectively evaluated loans in the consumer and residential mortgage portfolio segments, the Bancorp’s expected credit loss models primarily utilize the borrower’s FICO score and delinquency history in combination with macroeconomic conditions when estimating the probability of default. The estimates for loss severity are primarily based on collateral type and coverage levels and the susceptibility of those characteristics to changes in macroeconomic conditions. The expected balance at the estimated date of default is also especially impactful in the expected credit loss models for portfolio classes which generally have longer terms (such as residential mortgage loans and home equity) and portfolio classes containing a high concentration of loans with revolving privileges (such as home equity). The estimate of the expected balance at the time of default considers expected prepayment and utilization rates where applicable, which are primarily based on macroeconomic conditions and the utilization history of similar borrowers under those economic conditions. Refer to Note 1 for additional information about the Bancorp’s process for developing these models and its process for estimating credit losses for periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s residential mortgage and consumer portfolio segments, by class and vintage, disaggregated by both age and performing versus nonperforming status: As of December 31, 2024 ($ in millions) Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Residential mortgage loans: Performing: Current (a) $ 1,961 998 2,961 4,606 2,491 4,245 — — 17,262 30-89 days past due 1 3 4 9 4 12 — — 33 90 days or more past due 1 — 1 1 — 2 — — 5 Nonperforming — 2 9 13 8 103 — — 135 Total residential mortgage loans (b) $ 1,963 1,003 2,975 4,629 2,503 4,362 — — 17,435 Home equity: Performing: Current $ 168 67 34 2 4 86 3,660 72 4,093 30-89 days past due — — — — — 1 23 1 25 90 days or more past due — — — — — — — — — Nonperforming — — 1 — — 7 56 6 70 Total home equity $ 168 67 35 2 4 94 3,739 79 4,188 Indirect secured consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 6,773 2,836 3,046 2,371 753 349 — — 16,128 30-89 days past due 19 27 39 27 11 7 — — 130 90 days or more past due — — — — — — — — — Nonperforming 4 10 19 13 5 4 — — 55 Total indirect secured consumer loans $ 6,796 2,873 3,104 2,411 769 360 — — 16,313 Credit card: Performing: Current $ — — — — — — 1,664 — 1,664 30-89 days past due — — — — — — 18 — 18 90 days or more past due — — — — — — 20 — 20 Nonperforming — — — — — — 32 — 32 Total credit card $ — — — — — — 1,734 — 1,734 Solar energy installation loans: Performing: Current $ 894 2,095 1,094 2 — 33 — — 4,118 30-89 days past due 2 11 7 — — — — — 20 90 days or more past due — — — — — — — — — Nonperforming 1 34 28 — — 1 — — 64 Total solar energy installation loans $ 897 2,140 1,129 2 — 34 — — 4,202 Other consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 201 351 507 219 171 142 860 34 2,485 30-89 days past due 1 5 10 3 1 2 1 1 24 90 days or more past due — — — — — — — — — Nonperforming — 2 4 1 — 1 — 1 9 Total other consumer loans $ 202 358 521 223 172 145 861 36 2,518 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 9,997 6,347 7,642 7,200 3,419 4,855 6,184 106 45,750 30-89 days past due 23 46 60 39 16 22 42 2 250 90 days or more past due 1 — 1 1 — 2 20 — 25 Nonperforming 5 48 61 27 13 116 88 7 365 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans (b) $ 10,026 6,441 7,764 7,267 3,448 4,995 6,334 115 46,390 (a) Information includes advances made pursuant to servicing agreements for GNMA mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. As of December 31, 2024, $90 of these loans were 30-89 days past due and $162 were 90 days or more past due. The Bancorp recognized $1 of losses during the year ended December 31, 2024 due to claim denials and curtailments associated with these insured or guaranteed loans. (b) Excludes $108 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value at December 31, 2024, including $1 of 30-89 days past due loans, $1 of 90 days or more past due loans and $2 of nonperforming loans. As of December 31, 2023 ($ in millions) Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Residential mortgage loans: Performing: Current (a) $ 995 3,139 5,001 2,703 943 3,971 — — 16,752 30-89 days past due — 3 6 5 1 14 — — 29 90 days or more past due — 1 1 1 1 3 — — 7 Nonperforming — 6 6 5 4 101 — — 122 Total residential mortgage loans (b) $ 995 3,149 5,014 2,714 949 4,089 — — 16,910 Home equity: Performing: Current $ 84 41 2 6 11 92 3,549 46 3,831 30-89 days past due — — — — — 2 25 1 28 90 days or more past due — — — — — — — — — Nonperforming — — — — — 6 50 1 57 Total home equity $ 84 41 2 6 11 100 3,624 48 3,916 Indirect secured consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 4,126 4,333 3,925 1,527 597 271 — — 14,779 30-89 days past due 22 49 40 19 12 8 — — 150 90 days or more past due — — — — — — — — — Nonperforming 4 11 9 6 3 3 — — 36 Total indirect secured consumer loans $ 4,152 4,393 3,974 1,552 612 282 — — 14,965 Credit card: Performing: Current $ — — — — — — 1,789 — 1,789 30-89 days past due — — — — — — 21 — 21 90 days or more past due — — — — — — 21 — 21 Nonperforming — — — — — — 34 — 34 Total credit card $ — — — — — — 1,865 — 1,865 Solar energy installation loans: Performing: Current $ 2,415 1,192 2 — — 41 — — 3,650 30-89 days past due 12 6 — — — — — — 18 90 days or more past due — — — — — — — — — Nonperforming 29 30 — — — 1 — — 60 Total solar energy installation loans $ 2,456 1,228 2 — — 42 — — 3,728 Other consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 511 703 328 246 101 154 859 41 2,943 30-89 days past due 5 15 4 2 2 2 2 1 33 90 days or more past due — — — — — — — — — Nonperforming 2 6 1 1 1 — — 1 12 Total other consumer loans $ 518 724 333 249 104 156 861 43 2,988 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 8,131 9,408 9,258 4,482 1,652 4,529 6,197 87 43,744 30-89 days past due 39 73 50 26 15 26 48 2 279 90 days or more past due — 1 1 1 1 3 21 — 28 Nonperforming 35 53 16 12 8 111 84 2 321 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans (b) $ 8,205 9,535 9,325 4,521 1,676 4,669 6,350 91 44,372 (a) Information includes advances made pursuant to servicing agreements for GNMA mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. As of December 31, 2023, $79 of these loans were 30-89 days past due and $141 were 90 days or more past due. The Bancorp recognized $2 of losses during the year ended December 31, 2023 due to claim denials and curtailments associated with these insured or guaranteed loans. (b) Excludes $116 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value at December 31, 2023, including $1 of 30-89 days past due loans and $2 of nonperforming loans. The following tables summarize the Bancorp’s gross charge-offs within the residential mortgage and consumer portfolio segments, by class and vintage during the years ended December 31: 2024 ($ in millions) Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Residential mortgage loans $ — — — — — 2 — — 2 Consumer loans: Home equity — — — — — 1 5 — 6 Indirect secured consumer loans 7 35 53 25 9 10 — — 139 Credit card — — — — — — 87 — 87 Solar energy installation loans 2 16 13 — 14 18 — — 63 Other consumer loans 1 12 24 12 20 16 34 3 122 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans $ 10 63 90 37 43 47 126 3 419 2023 ($ in millions) Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Residential mortgage loans $ — — — — — 4 — — 4 Consumer loans: Home equity — — — — — 1 7 — 8 Indirect secured consumer loans 9 42 27 14 10 8 — — 110 Credit card — — — — — — 82 — 82 Solar energy installation loans 8 16 1 — — 2 — — 27 Other consumer loans 7 37 14 12 7 8 34 2 121 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans $ 24 95 42 26 17 23 123 2 352 Collateral-Dependent Loans and Leases The Bancorp considers a loan or lease to be collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. When a loan or lease is collateral-dependent, its fair value is generally based on the fair value less cost to sell of the underlying collateral. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s collateral-dependent loans and leases, by portfolio class, as of: ($ in millions) December 31, December 31, Commercial loans and leases: Commercial and industrial loans $ 325 268 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 63 8 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 4 2 Commercial construction loans 1 1 Commercial leases 2 — Total commercial loans and leases $ 395 279 Residential mortgage loans 131 126 Consumer loans: Home equity 66 54 Indirect secured consumer loans 30 15 Total consumer loans $ 96 69 Total portfolio loans and leases $ 622 474 Nonperforming Assets Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans and leases for which ultimate collectability of the full amount of the principal and/or interest is uncertain and certain other assets, including OREO and other repossessed property. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s nonaccrual loans and leases, by class, and OREO and other repossessed property, as of: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 ($ in millions) With an ALLL No Related Total With an ALLL No Related Total Commercial loans and leases: Commercial and industrial loans $ 265 109 374 273 31 304 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 52 23 75 11 6 17 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans — 4 4 — 3 3 Commercial construction loans — 1 1 — 1 1 Commercial leases 2 — 2 — 1 1 Total nonaccrual portfolio commercial loans and leases $ 319 137 456 284 42 326 Residential mortgage loans 57 80 137 26 98 124 Consumer loans: Home equity 21 49 70 21 36 57 Indirect secured consumer loans 48 7 55 32 4 36 Credit card 32 — 32 34 — 34 Solar energy installation loans 64 — 64 60 — 60 Other consumer loans 9 — 9 12 — 12 Total nonaccrual portfolio consumer loans $ 174 56 230 159 40 199 Total nonaccrual portfolio loans and leases (a)(b) $ 550 273 823 469 180 649 OREO and other repossessed property — 30 30 — 39 39 Total nonperforming portfolio assets (a)(b) $ 550 303 853 469 219 688 (a) Excludes $7 and $1 of nonaccrual loans held for sale as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. (b) Includes $18 and $19 of nonaccrual government-insured commercial loans whose repayments are insured by the SBA as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Bancorp recognized an immaterial amount of interest income on nonaccrual loans and leases for both the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Bancorp’s amortized cost basis of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction was $94 million and $107 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty In the course of servicing its loans, the Bancorp works with borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty to identify solutions that are mutually beneficial to both parties with the objective of mitigating the risk of losses on the loan. These efforts often result in modifications to the payment terms of the loan. The types of modifications offered to borrowers vary by type of loan and may include term extensions, interest rate reductions, payment delays (other than those that are insignificant) or combinations thereof. The Bancorp typically does not provide principal forgiveness except in circumstances where the loan has already been fully or partially charged off. The Bancorp applies its expected credit loss models consistently to both modified and non-modified loans when estimating the ALLL. For loans which are modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, there is generally not a significant change to the ALLL upon modification because the Bancorp’s ALLL estimation methodologies already consider those borrowers’ financial difficulties and the resulting effects of potential modifications when estimating expected credit losses. Portfolio loans with an amortized cost basis of $552 million and $615 million were modified during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, as further discussed in the following sections. These modifications for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 represented 0.46% and 0.52%, respectively, of total portfolio loans and leases as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. These amounts excluded $52 million and $29 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of consumer and residential mortgage loans which have been granted a concession under provisions of the Federal Bankruptcy Act and are monitored separately from loans modified under the Bancorp’s loan modification programs. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Bancorp had commitments of $88 million and $130 million, respectively, to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose terms have been modified during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Commercial portfolio segment Commercial loan modifications are individually negotiated and may vary depending on the borrower’s financial situation, but the Bancorp most commonly utilizes term extensions for periods of three The following tables present the amortized cost basis as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of the Bancorp’s commercial portfolio loans that were modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, by portfolio class and type of modification, during the years ended: December 31, 2024 ($ in millions) Term Extension Term Extension and Payment Delay Payment Delay Other Total % of Total Class Commercial and industrial loans $ 155 19 57 1 232 0.44 % Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 46 14 1 — 61 1.01 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 72 — — — 72 1.16 Commercial construction loans 58 — — 1 59 1.06 Total commercial portfolio loans $ 331 33 58 2 424 0.60 % December 31, 2023 ($ in millions) Term Extension Term Extension and Payment Delay Payment Delay Other Total % of Total Class Commercial and industrial loans $ 155 31 56 3 245 0.46 % Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 27 — — — 27 0.52 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 66 — — 2 68 1.12 Commercial construction loans 113 — — — 113 2.01 Total commercial portfolio loans $ 361 31 56 5 453 0.62 % Residential mortgage portfolio segment The Bancorp has established residential mortgage loan modification programs which define the type of modifications available as well as the eligibility criteria for borrowers. The designs of the Bancorp’s modification programs for residential mortgage loans are similar to those utilized by the various GSEs. The most common modification program utilized for residential mortgage loans is a term extension for up to 480 months from the modification date, combined with a change in interest rate to a fixed rate (which may be an increase or decrease from the rate in the original loan). As part of these modifications, the Bancorp may capitalize delinquent amounts due at the time of the modification into the principal balance of the loan when determining its modified payment structure. For loans where the modification results in a new monthly payment amount, borrowers may be required to complete a trial period of three six The following table presents the amortized cost basis as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 of the Bancorp’s residential mortgage portfolio loans that were modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, by type of modification, during the years ended: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 ($ in millions) Total % of Total Class Total % of Total Class Payment delay $ 5 0.03 % $ 18 0.11 % Term extension and payment delay 72 0.41 91 0.53 Term extension, interest rate reduction and payment delay 12 0.07 4 0.02 Total residential mortgage portfolio loans $ 89 0.51 % $ 113 0.66 % The Bancorp had $5 million and $3 million of in-process modifications to residential mortgage loans outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which are excluded from the completed modification activity in the tables above. These in-process modifications will be reported as completed modifications once the borrower satisfies the applicable contingencies in the modification agreement and the loan is contractually modified to make the modified terms permanent. Consumer portfolio segment The Bancorp’s modification programs for consumer loans vary based on type of loan. The most common modification program for home equity is a term extension for up to 360 months combined with a delay in repayment of delinquent amounts due until maturity, which is typically combined with an interest rate reduction. Modification programs for credit card typically involve an |