The Acquisitions segment focuses on acquiring, converting, and servicing policies acquired from other companies. The segment's primary focus is on life insurance policies sold to individuals. Segment results were as follows:
Net premiums and policy fees declined 5.7% and 9.5% from the second quarter and first six months of 2004, respectively. These decreases are the result of the runoff of the acquired blocks of business. Year-to-date net premiums were additionally decreased by payment during the first quarter of 2005 of amounts due under two reinsurance treaties. While this had no net income impact, the payments decreased net premiums and policy fees by $3.9 million, benefits and settlement expenses by $3.5 million, and other operating expenses by $0.3 million.
Net investment income was also lower for the current quarter and year-to-date due to the runoff of business and lower overall earned rates. The segment continues to review credited rates on UL and annuity business to minimize the impact of lower earned rates on interest spreads. The year-to-date interest spread declined 9 basis points from the same period of the prior year.
Benefits and settlement expenses for the second quarter and first six months are 3.6% and 6.4% lower, respectively, than the comparable periods of the prior year due to the decline in in-force business. The year-to-date decrease also includes the impact of the reinsurance payments mentioned above. Amortization of DAC decreased during the current quarter and the first six months of 2005 due to the overall decline in business as well as a favorable change in DAC adjustments on certain universal life and deferred annuity blocks. Other operating expenses decreased 8.7% and 13.0% from the second quarter and first six months of 2004, respectively, due to lower commissions resulting from lower net premiums, reductions in other general expenses, and the reinsurance payments discussed above.
The segment’s life insurance in-force and UL and annuity account values have declined from 2004 levels as no new acquisitions have been made since 2002. In the ordinary course of business, the segment regularly considers acquisitions of blocks of policies or smaller insurance companies. However, the level of the segment’s acquisition activity is predicated upon many factors, including available capital, operating capacity, and market dynamics. The Company will continue to pursue suitable acquisitions as they become available.
The Annuities segment manufactures, sells, and supports fixed and variable annuity products. These products are primarily sold through stockbrokers, but are also sold through financial institutions and independent agents and brokers. Segment results were as follows:
| | Three Months Ended June 30 | | | | Six Months Ended June 30 | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | Change | | 2005 | | 2004 | | Change | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturity gains | | $ | 6,550 | | $ | 5,954 | | $ | 596 | | $ | 43,314 | | $ | 25,852 | | $ | 17,462 | |
Fixed maturity losses | | | (458 | ) | | (2,299 | ) | | 1,841 | | | (6,855 | ) | | (5,376 | ) | | (1,479 | ) |
Equity gains | | | 1,438 | | | 825 | | | 613 | | | 1,576 | | | 1,390 | | | 186 | |
Equity losses | | | (28 | ) | | (22 | ) | | (6 | ) | | (835 | ) | | (22 | ) | | (813 | ) |
Impairments on fixed maturity securities | | | (50 | ) | | (2,523 | ) | | 2,473 | | | (296 | ) | | (2,723 | ) | | 2,427 | |
Impairments on equity securities | | | (24 | ) | | (2,125 | ) | | 2,101 | | | (24 | ) | | (2,125 | ) | | 2,101 | |
Other | | | 5,052 | | | (733 | ) | | 5,785 | | | 3,478 | | | (1,292 | ) | | 4,770 | |
Total realized gains (losses) - investments | | $ | 12,480 | | $ | (923 | ) | $ | 13,403 | | $ | 40,358 | | $ | 15,704 | | $ | 24,654 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign currency swaps | | $ | (9,483 | ) | $ | (1,799 | ) | $ | (7,684 | ) | $ | (13,460 | ) | $ | (11,518 | ) | $ | (1,942 | ) |
Foreign currency adjustments on stable value contracts | | | 9,306 | | | 1,934 | | | 7,372 | | | 13,531 | | | 11,924 | | | 1,607 | |
Derivatives related to corporate debt | | | 8,838 | | | (3,736 | ) | | 12,574 | | | 8,497 | | | 3,163 | | | 5,334 | |
Derivatives related to mortgage loan commitments | | | (32,802 | ) | | 13,678 | | | (46,480 | ) | | (27,932 | ) | | 5,308 | | | (33,240 | ) |
Other derivatives | | | (1,880 | ) | | (1,337 | ) | | (543 | ) | | (13,025 | ) | | 4,946 | | | (17,971 | ) |
Total realized gains (losses) - derivatives | | $ | (26,021 | ) | $ | 8,740 | | $ | (34,761 | ) | $ | (32,389 | ) | $ | 13,823 | | $ | (46,212 | ) |
Realized gains and losses on investments reflect portfolio management activities designed to maintain proper matching of assets and liabilities and to enhance long-term investment portfolio performance. The change in net realized investment gains for the current quarter, excluding impairments, reflects the normal operation of the Company’s asset/liability program within the context of the changing interest rate environment. The reduction of investment impairments for the second quarter and first six months of 2005 compared to the same periods of 2004 reflects a significant reduction in default rates. Additional details on the Company’s investment performance and evaluation are provided in the “Liquidity” and “Capital Resources” sections included herein.
Realized investment gains and losses related to derivatives represent changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments and gains and losses on derivative contracts closed during the period. The Company has entered into foreign currency swaps to mitigate the risk of changes in the value of principal and interest payments to be made on certain of its foreign currency denominated stable value contracts. The net change in the realized gains (losses) resulting from these securities in the second quarter and first six months of 2005 was $(0.3) million and $(0.3) million, respectively. These changes were the result of differences in the related foreign currency spot and forward rates used to value the stable value contracts and foreign currency swaps. The Company also uses interest rate swaps to mitigate interest rate risk related to certain Senior Notes, Medium-Term Notes, and subordinated debt securities. Declining long-term interest rates during the current quarter caused the 2005 results from these swaps to compare favorably with both the second quarter and first six months of 2004. The Company has taken short positions in U.S. Treasury futures to mitigate interest rate risk related to the Company’s mortgage loan commitments. The losses from these securities in the second quarter and first six months of 2005 were the result of declining interest rates in the current quarter.
The Company also uses various swaps and options to mitigate risk related to certain other investments held by the Company. For the second quarter and first six months of 2005, a portion of the change, a $0.3 million decrease and $5.7 million decrease, respectively, in realized gains (losses) resulted from lower interest rates in 2005, which impacted the fair value of certain interest rate swaps and options. An increase of $0.1 million and a decrease of $4.7 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2005, respectively, related to gains (losses) from embedded derivatives within certain bonds that matured during the respective periods. For the first six months of 2005, realized gains (losses) increased by $0.5 million due to the impact of embedded derivatives within certain asset swaps that were called in the first quarter of 2005. For the second quarter and the first six months of 2005, an immaterial increase and a $0.9 million decrease, respectively, in realized gains (losses) was due to embedded derivatives within annuity contracts and reinsurance agreements.
Additionally, in the first quarter of 2005, the Company recorded a $7.1 million realized investment loss (derivative financial instruments) related to accrued investment income, which arose in periods prior to 2003. The impact had no effect on previously reported segment operating income and no material effect on previously reported net income.
CONSOLIDATED INVESTMENTS
Portfolio Description
The Company's investment portfolio consists primarily of fixed maturity securities (bonds and redeemable preferred stocks) and commercial mortgage loans. The Company generally purchases its investments with the intent to hold to maturity by purchasing investments that match future cash flow needs. However, the Company may sell any of its investments to maintain proper matching of assets and liabilities. Accordingly, the Company has classified $15.4 billion of its fixed maturities and certain other securities as “available for sale.”
Additionally, the Company consolidates a special-purpose entity, in accordance with FIN 46, whose investments are managed by the Company. The Company has classified these investments with a market value of $413.3 million at June 30, 2005, as “trading” securities.
The Company’s investments in debt and equity securities are reported at market value, and investments in mortgage loans are reported at amortized cost. At June 30, 2005, the Company’s fixed maturity investments (bonds and redeemable preferred stocks) had a market value of $15.7 billion, which is 5.4% above amortized cost of $14.9 billion. The Company had $3.1 billion in mortgage loans at June 30, 2005. While the Company’s mortgage loans do not have quoted market values, at June 30, 2005, the Company estimates the market value of its mortgage loans to be $3.4 billion (using discounted cash flows from the next call date), which is 7.8% above amortized cost. Most of the Company’s mortgage loans have significant prepayment fees. These assets are invested for terms approximately corresponding to anticipated future benefit payments. Thus, market fluctuations are not expected to adversely affect liquidity.
The following table shows the reported values of the Company's invested assets.
| | | | | |
| | June 30, 2005 | | December 31, 2004 | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Publicly-issued bonds | | $ | 13,711,932 | | | 67.6 | % | $ | 12,519,107 | | | 64.6 | % |
Privately issued bonds | | | 1,973,245 | | | 9.7 | | | 1,889,905 | | | 9.7 | |
Redeemable preferred stock | | | 1,196 | | | 0.0 | | | 3,593 | | | 0.0 | |
Fixed maturities | | | 15,686,373 | | | 77.3 | | | 14,412,605 | | | 74.3 | |
Equity securities | | | 115,758 | | | 0.6 | | | 58,941 | | | 0.3 | |
Mortgage loans | | | 3,124,877 | | | 15.4 | | | 3,005,418 | | | 15.5 | |
Investment real estate | | | 91,981 | | | 0.4 | | | 107,246 | | | 0.6 | |
Policy loans | | | 466,701 | | | 2.3 | | | 482,780 | | | 2.5 | |
Other long-term investments | | | 186,059 | | | 0.9 | | | 259,025 | | | 1.3 | |
Short-term investments | | | 626,795 | | | 3.1 | | | 1,059,557 | | | 5.5 | |
Total investments | | $ | 20,298,544 | | | 100.0 | % | $ | 19,385,572 | | | 100.0 | % |
Included in the table above are $413.3 million and $410.1 million of fixed maturities and $0.0 million and $7.2 million of short-term investments classified by the Company as trading securities at June 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively.
Market values for private, non-traded securities are determined as follows: 1) the Company obtains estimates from independent pricing services or 2) the Company estimates market value based upon a comparison to quoted issues of the same issuer or issues of other issuers with similar terms and risk characteristics. The market value of private, non-traded securities was $2.0 billion at June 30, 2005, representing 9.7% of the Company’s total invested assets.
The Company participates in securities lending, primarily as an investment yield enhancement, whereby securities that are held as investments are loaned to third parties for short periods of time. The Company requires collateral of 102% of the market value of the loaned securities to be separately maintained. The loaned securities’ market value is monitored on a daily basis, with additional collateral obtained as necessary. At June 30, 2005, securities with a market value of $551.3 million were loaned under these agreements. As collateral for the loaned securities, the Company receives short-term investments, which are recorded in “short-term investments” with a corresponding liability recorded in “other liabilities” to account for the Company’s obligation to return the collateral.
Risk Management and Impairment Review
The Company monitors the overall credit quality of the Company’s portfolio within general guidelines. The following table shows the Company's available for sale fixed maturities by credit rating at June 30, 2005.
S&P or Equivalent Designation | | Market Value | | Percent of Market Value | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
| | | | | |
AAA | | $ | 6,112,093 | | | 40.0 | % |
AA | | | 564,935 | | | 3.7 | |
A | | | 2,721,505 | | | 17.8 | |
BBB | | | 4,754,874 | | | 31.1 | |
Investment grade | | | 14,153,407 | | | 92.6 | |
BB | | | 729,355 | | | 4.8 | |
B | | | 335,257 | | | 2.2 | |
CCC or lower | | | 46,344 | | | 0.3 | |
In or near default | | | 7,475 | | | 0.1 | |
Below investment grade | | | 1,118,431 | | | 7.4 | |
Redeemable preferred stock | | | 1,196 | | | 0.0 | |
Total | | $ | 15,273,034 | | | 100.0 | % |
Not included in the table above are $386.9 million of investment grade and $26.4 million of less than investment grade fixed maturities classified by the Company as trading securities.
Limiting bond exposure to any creditor group is another way the Company manages credit risk. The following table summarizes the Company's ten largest fixed maturity exposures to an individual creditor group as of June 30, 2005.
Creditor | | Market Value | |
| | ($ in millions) | |
| | | |
Berkshire Hathaway | | $ | 86.7 | |
Goldman Sachs | | | 82.1 | |
American Electric Power | | | 81.5 | |
FPL Group | | | 80.9 | |
Kinder Morgan | | | 79.0 | |
Metlife | | | 78.4 | |
Dominion Resources | | | 78.0 | |
Wachovia | | | 77.9 | |
Bank of America | | | 76.7 | |
Southern Company | | | 74.5 | |
The Company’s management considers a number of factors when determining the impairment status of individual securities. These include the economic condition of various industry segments and geographic locations and other areas of identified risks. Although it is possible for the impairment of one investment to affect other investments, the Company engages in ongoing risk management to safeguard against and limit any further risk to its investment portfolio. Special attention is given to correlated risks within specific industries, related parties and business markets.
The Company generally considers a number of factors in determining whether the impairment is other-than-temporary. These include, but are not limited to: 1) actions taken by rating agencies, 2) default by the issuer, 3) the significance of the decline, 4) the intent and ability of the Company to hold the investment until recovery, 5) the time period during which the decline has occurred, 6) an economic analysis of the issuer’s industry, and 7) the financial strength, liquidity, and recoverability of the issuer. Management performs a security-by-security review each quarter in evaluating the need for any other-than-temporary impairment. Although no set formula is used in this process, the investment performance, collateral position and continued viability of the issuer are significant measures considered.
The Company generally considers a number of factors relating to the issuer in determining the financial strength, liquidity, and recoverability of an issuer. These include but are not limited to: available collateral, tangible and intangible assets that might be available to repay debt, operating cash flows, financial ratios, access to capital markets, quality of management, market position, exposure to litigation or product warranties, and the effect of general economic conditions on the issuer. Once management has determined that a particular investment has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value.
There are certain risks and uncertainties associated with determining whether declines in market values are other-than-temporary. These include significant changes in general economic conditions and business markets, trends in certain industry segments, interest rate fluctuations, rating agency actions, changes in significant accounting estimates and assumptions, commission of fraud and legislative actions. The Company continuously monitors these factors as they relate to the investment portfolio in determining the status of each investment. Provided below are additional facts concerning the potential effect upon the Company’s earnings should circumstances lead management to conclude that some of the current declines in market value are other-than-temporary.
Unrealized Gains and Losses
The information presented below relates to investments at a certain point in time and is not necessarily indicative of the status of the portfolio at any time after June 30, 2005, the balance sheet date. Information about unrealized gains and losses is subject to rapidly changing conditions, including volatility of financial markets and changes in interest rates. As indicated above, the Company’s management considers a number of factors in determining if an unrealized loss is other-than-temporary, including its ability and intent to hold the security until recovery. Furthermore, since the timing of recognizing realized gains and losses is largely based on management’s decisions as to the timing and selection of investments to be sold, the tables and information provided below should be considered within the context of the overall unrealized gain (loss) position of the portfolio. At June 30, 2005, the Company had an overall pretax net unrealized gain of $805.6 million.
For traded and private fixed maturity and equity securities held by the Company that are in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2005, the estimated market value, amortized cost, unrealized loss and total time period that the security has been in an unrealized loss position are presented in the table below.
| | Estimated Market Value | | % Market Value | | Amortized Cost | | % Amortized Cost | | Unrealized Loss | | % Unrealized Loss | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
| |
<= 90 days | | $ | 656,467 | | | 38.8 | % | $ | 660,131 | | | 37.8 | % | $ | (3,664 | ) | | 6.6 | % |
>90 days but <= 180 days | | | 337,453 | | | 20.0 | | | 350,508 | | | 20.1 | | | (13,055 | ) | | 23.5 | |
>180 days but <= 270 days | | | 289,575 | | | 17.1 | | | 293,052 | | | 16.8 | | | (3,477 | ) | | 6.2 | |
>270 days but <= 1 year | | | 27,300 | | | 1.6 | | | 30,187 | | | 1.7 | | | (2,887 | ) | | 5.2 | |
>1 year but <= 2 years | | | 182,636 | | | 10.8 | | | 196,162 | | | 11.2 | | | (13,526 | ) | | 24.3 | |
>2 years but <= 3 years | | | 143,122 | | | 8.5 | | | 147,598 | | | 8.5 | | | (4,476 | ) | | 8.0 | |
>3 years but <= 4 years | | | 23,579 | | | 1.4 | | | 24,668 | | | 1.4 | | | (1,089 | ) | | 2.0 | |
>4 years but <= 5 years | | | 177 | | | 0.0 | | | 273 | | | 0.0 | | | (96 | ) | | 0.2 | |
>5 years | | | 29,663 | | | 1.8 | | | 42,984 | | | 2.5 | | | (13,321 | ) | | 24.0 | |
Total | | $ | 1,689,972 | | | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,745,563 | | | 100.0 | % | $ | (55,591 | ) | | 100.0 | % |
At June 30, 2005, securities with a market value of $27.6 million and $16.2 million of unrealized losses were issued in Company-sponsored commercial mortgage loan securitizations, including $12.8 million of unrealized losses greater than five years. The Company does not consider these unrealized positions to be other-than-temporary, because the underlying mortgage loans continue to perform consistently with the Company’s original expectations.
The Company has no material concentrations of issuers or guarantors of fixed maturity securities. The industry segment composition of all securities in an unrealized loss position held by the Company at June 30, 2005, is presented in the following table.
| | Estimated Market Value | | % Market Value | | Amortized Cost | | % Amortized Cost | | Unrealized Loss | | % Unrealized Loss | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
| |
Agency Mortgages | | $ | 5,572 | | | 0.3 | % | $ | 5,611 | | | 0.3 | % | $ | (39 | ) | 0.1% |
Banking | | | 83,863 | | | 5.0 | | | 85,355 | | | 4.9 | | | (1,492 | ) | 2.7 |
Basic Industrial | | | 97,875 | | | 5.8 | | | 101,021 | | | 5.8 | | | (3,146 | ) | 5.7 |
Brokerage | | | 27,917 | | | 1.6 | | | 28,197 | | | 1.6 | | | (280 | ) | 0.5 |
Communications | | | 89,024 | | | 5.3 | | | 90,314 | | | 5.2 | | | (1,290 | ) | 2.3 |
Consumer Cyclical | | | 93,596 | | | 5.5 | | | 100,788 | | | 5.8 | | | (7,192 | ) | 12.9 |
Consumer Noncyclical | | | 25,353 | | | 1.5 | | | 27,804 | | | 1.6 | | | (2,451 | ) | 4.4 |
Electric | | | 199,578 | | | 11.8 | | | 207,867 | | | 11.9 | | | (8,289 | ) | 14.9 |
Energy | | | 42,129 | | | 2.5 | | | 43,280 | | | 2.5 | | | (1,151 | ) | 2.1 |
Finance Companies | | | 254,975 | | | 15.1 | | | 261,727 | | | 15.0 | | | (6,752 | ) | 12.2 |
Insurance | | | 48,000 | | | 2.8 | | | 48,561 | | | 2.8 | | | (561 | ) | 1.0 |
Municipal Agencies | | | 70 | | | 0.0 | | | 70 | | | 0.0 | | | 0 | | 0.0 |
Natural Gas | | | 82,903 | | | 4.9 | | | 83,984 | | | 4.8 | | | (1,081 | ) | 1.9 |
Non-Agency Mortgages | | | 498,470 | | | 29.5 | | | 512,827 | | | 29.4 | | | (14,357 | ) | 25.8 |
Other Finance | | | 34,951 | | | 2.1 | | | 39,031 | | | 2.2 | | | (4,080 | ) | 7.3 |
Other Industrial | | | 16,838 | | | 1.0 | | | 16,893 | | | 1.0 | | | (55 | ) | 0.1 |
Other Utility | | | 41 | | | 0.0 | | | 44 | | | 0.0 | | | (3 | ) | 0.0 |
Technology | | | 12,205 | | | 0.7 | | | 14,401 | | | 0.8 | | | (2,196 | ) | 4.0 |
Transportation | | | 41,670 | | | 2.5 | | | 42,445 | | | 2.4 | | | (775 | ) | 1.4 |
U.S. Government | | | 34,942 | | | 2.1 | | | 35,343 | | | 2.0 | | | (401 | ) | 0.7 |
Total | | $ | 1,689,972 | | | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,745,563 | | | 100.0 | % | $ | (55,591 | ) | 100.0% |
The range of maturity dates for securities in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2005 varies, with 20.9% maturing in less than 5 years, 23.5% maturing between 5 and 10 years, and 55.6% maturing after 10 years. The following table shows the credit rating of securities in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2005.
S&P or Equivalent Designation | | Estimated Market Value | | % Market Value | | Amortized Cost | | % Amortized Cost | | Unrealized Loss | | % Unrealized Loss | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
| |
AAA/AA/A | | $ | 915,197 | | | 54.1 | % | $ | 925,707 | | | 53.0 | % | $ | (10,510 | ) | | 18.9 | % |
BBB | | | 491,279 | | | 29.1 | | | 502,945 | | | 28.8 | | | (11,666 | ) | | 21.0 | |
Investment grade | | | 1,406,476 | | | 83.2 | | | 1,428,652 | | | 81.8 | | | (22,176 | ) | | 39.9 | |
BB | | | 169,694 | | | 10.0 | | | 179,827 | | | 10.3 | | | (10,133 | ) | | 18.1 | |
B | | | 65,576 | | | 3.9 | | | 73,404 | | | 4.2 | | | (7,828 | ) | | 14.1 | |
CCC or lower | | | 48,226 | | | 2.9 | | | 63,680 | | | 3.7 | | | (15,454 | ) | | 27.9 | |
Below investment grade | | | 283,496 | | | 16.8 | | | 316,911 | | | 18.2 | | | (33,415 | ) | | 60.1 | |
Total | | $ | 1,689,972 | | | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,745,563 | | | 100.0 | % | $ | (55,591 | ) | | 100.0 | % |
At June 30, 2005, securities in an unrealized loss position that were rated as below investment grade represented 16.8% of the total market value and 60.1% of the total unrealized loss. Unrealized losses related to below investment grade securities that had been in an unrealized loss position for more than twelve months were $20.4 million. Securities in an unrealized loss position rated less than investment grade were 1.4% of invested assets. The Company generally purchases its investments with the intent to hold to maturity. The Company does not expect these investments to adversely affect its liquidity or ability to maintain proper matching of assets and liabilities.
The following table shows the estimated market value, amortized cost, unrealized loss and total time period that the security has been in an unrealized loss position for all below investment grade securities.
| | Estimated Market Value | | % Market Value | | Amortized Cost | | % Amortized Cost | | Unrealized Loss | | % Unrealized Loss | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
| |
<= 90 days | | $ | 64,912 | | | 22.9 | % | $ | 66,114 | | | 20.9 | % | $ | (1,202 | ) | | 3.6 | % |
>90 days but <= 180 days | | | 109,987 | | | 38.8 | | | 120,453 | | | 38.0 | | | (10,466 | ) | | 31.3 | |
>180 days but <= 270 days | | | 1,986 | | | 0.7 | | | 2,456 | | | 0.8 | | | (470 | ) | | 1.4 | |
>270 days but <= 1 year | | | 5,557 | | | 2.0 | | | 6,448 | | | 2.0 | | | (891 | ) | | 2.7 | |
>1 year but <= 2 years | | | 51,375 | | | 18.1 | | | 58,277 | | | 18.4 | | | (6,902 | ) | | 20.7 | |
>2 years but <= 3 years | | | 567 | | | 0.2 | | | 647 | | | 0.2 | | | (80 | ) | | 0.2 | |
>3 years but <= 4 years | | | 23,222 | | | 8.2 | | | 24,221 | | | 7.7 | | | (999 | ) | | 3.0 | |
>4 years but <= 5 years | | | 55 | | | 0.0 | | | 130 | | | 0.0 | | | (75 | ) | | 0.2 | |
>5 years | | | 25,835 | | | 9.1 | | | 38,165 | | | 12.0 | | | (12,330 | ) | | 36.9 | |
Total | | $ | 283,496 | | | 100.0 | % | $ | 316,911 | | | 100.0 | % | $ | (33,415 | ) | | 100.0 | % |
At June 30, 2005, below investment grade securities with a market value of $24.0 million and $11.9 million of unrealized losses were issued in Company sponsored commercial mortgage loan securitizations, including securities in an unrealized loss position greater than five years with a market value of $24.0 million and $11.9 million of unrealized losses. The Company does not consider these unrealized positions to be other-than-temporary, because the underlying mortgage loans continue to perform consistently with the Company’s original expectations.
Realized Losses
Realized losses are comprised of both write-downs for other-than-temporary impairments and actual sales of investments. For the second quarter and first six months of 2005, the Company recorded pretax other-than-temporary impairments in its investments of $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, compared to $4.6 million and $4.8 million for the comparable periods of 2004.
As previously discussed, the Company’s management considers several factors when determining other-than-temporary impairments. Although the Company generally intends to hold securities until maturity, the Company may change its positions as a result of a change in circumstances. Any such decision is consistent with the Company’s classification of all but a specific portion of its investment portfolio as available for sale. During the six months ended June 30, 2005, the Company sold securities in an unrealized loss position with a market value of $634.1 million resulting in a realized loss of $7.7 million. The securities were sold as a result of normal portfolio rebalancing activity and tax planning. For such securities, the proceeds, realized loss and total time period that the security had been in an unrealized loss position are presented in the table below.
| | Proceeds | | % Proceeds | | Realized Loss | | % Realized Loss | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
| |
<= 90 days | | $ | 530,311 | | | 83.6 | % | $ | (4,122 | ) | | 53.6 | % |
>90 days but <= 180 days | | | 0 | | | 0.0 | | | 0 | | | 0.0 | |
>180 days but <= 270 days | | | 9,019 | | | 1.4 | | | (223 | ) | | 2.9 | |
>270 days but <= 1 year | | | 14,749 | | | 2.3 | | | (224 | ) | | 2.9 | |
> 1 year | | | 80,011 | | | 12.7 | | | (3,121 | ) | | 40.6 | |
Total | | $ | 634,090 | | | 100.0 | % | $ | (7,690 | ) | | 100.0 | % |
MORTGAGE LOANS
The Company records mortgage loans net of an allowance for credit losses. This allowance is calculated through analysis of specific loans that are believed to be at a higher risk of becoming impaired in the near future. At June 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, the Company's allowance for mortgage loan credit losses was $4.6 million and $3.3 million, respectively.
During the first quarter of 2005, Winn-Dixie Stores Inc. (Winn-Dixie), an anchor tenant in the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio, declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy. At June 30, 2005, the Company had 40 loans amounting to $106.4 million in loan balances in which Winn-Dixie was considered to be the anchor tenant for the underlying property (including 12 loans with balances of $20.8 million included in mortgage loan securitization trusts in which the Company holds retained beneficial interests). At June 30, 2005, the rents from Winn-Dixie represented approximately 51% of the total rents applicable to the properties underlying these loans (including approximately 67% of rents on loans in mortgage loan securitizations). On June 21, 2005, Winn-Dixie announced a reorganization plan that included selling or closing 27 stores that served as the anchor tenant for properties underlying loans in the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio. At June 30, 2005, the 27 loans associated with these properties had outstanding principal balances totaling $56.1 million. As of the date of this report, Winn-Dixie has rejected the lease on eight of these properties and the Company is either in the process of foreclosing on the property or negotiating with the owner. The eight mortgage loans associated with these properties had outstanding balances of $22.8 million as of June 30, 2005. One potential impairment has been identified and the mortgage loan reserve included $1.6 million related to this loan at June 30, 2005. Of the remaining 19 stores, five have been sold and the leases on 14 stores are in the process of being offered for sale. The Company will continue to actively monitor these loans and assess them for potential impairments as circumstances develop in the future.
For several years the Company has offered a type of commercial mortgage loan under which the Company will permit a slightly higher loan-to-value ratio in exchange for a participating interest in the cash flows from the underlying real estate. As of June 30, 2005, approximately $474.9 million of the Company’s mortgage loans have this participation feature.
At June 30, 2005, delinquent mortgage loans and foreclosed properties were less than 0.1% of invested assets. The Company does not expect these investments to adversely affect its liquidity or ability to maintain proper matching of assets and liabilities.
LIABILITIES
Many of the Company's products contain surrender charges and other features that reward persistency and penalizes the early withdrawal of funds. Certain stable value and annuity contracts have market-value adjustments that protect the Company against investment losses if interest rates are higher at the time of surrender than at the time of issue.
At June 30, 2005, the Company had policy liabilities and accruals of $11.2 billion. The Company's interest-sensitive life insurance policies have a weighted average minimum credited interest rate of approximately 3.92%.
MARKET RISK EXPOSURES
The Company’s financial position and earnings are subject to various market risks including changes in interest rates, changes in the yield curve, changes in spreads between risk-adjusted and risk-free interest rates, changes in foreign currency rates, changes in used vehicle prices, and equity price risks. The Company analyzes and manages the risks arising from market exposures of financial instruments, as well as other risks, through an integrated asset/liability management process. The Company’s asset/liability management programs and procedures involve the monitoring of asset and liability durations for various product lines; cash flow testing under various interest rate scenarios; and the continuous rebalancing of assets and liabilities with respect to yield, risk, and cash flow characteristics.
The primary focus of the Company’s asset/liability program is the management of interest rate risk within the insurance operations. This includes monitoring the duration of both investments and insurance liabilities to maintain an appropriate balance between risk and profitability for each product category, and for the Company as a whole. It is the Company’s policy to generally maintain asset and liability durations within one-half year of one another, although, from time to time, a broader interval may be allowed.
These programs also incorporate the use of derivative financial instruments primarily to reduce its exposure to interest rate risk, inflation risk, and currency exchange risk. Combinations of interest rate swap contracts, futures contracts, and option contracts are used to mitigate or eliminate certain financial and market risks, including those related to changes in interest rates for certain investments, primarily outstanding mortgage loan commitments and mortgage-backed securities, and the Company’s outstanding debt. Swap contracts are also used to alter the effective durations of assets and liabilities and to mitigate the inflation risk caused by the issuance of inflation adjusted notes through the Stable Value Products segment. The Company uses foreign currency swaps to manage its exposure to currency exchange risk on certain stable value contracts denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the European euro and the British pound.
Derivative instruments expose the Company to credit and market risk and could result in material changes from quarter-to-quarter. The Company minimizes its credit risk by entering into transactions with highly rated counterparties. The Company manages the market risk associated with interest rate and foreign exchange contracts by establishing and monitoring limits as to the types and degrees of risk that may be undertaken. The Company monitors its use of derivatives in connection with its overall asset/liability management programs and procedures.
In the ordinary course of its commercial mortgage lending operations, the Company will commit to provide a mortgage loan before the property to be mortgaged has been built or acquired. The mortgage loan commitment is a contractual obligation to fund a mortgage loan when called upon by the borrower. The commitment is not recognized in the Company's financial statements until the commitment is actually funded. The mortgage loan commitment contains terms, including the rate of interest, which may be different than prevailing interest rates. At June 30, 2005, the Company had outstanding mortgage loan commitments of $954.2 million at an average rate of 6.00%.
The Company believes its asset/liability management programs and procedures and certain product features provide protection for the Company against the effects of changes in interest rates under various scenarios. Additionally, the Company believes its asset/liability management programs and procedures provide sufficient liquidity to enable it to fulfill its obligation to pay benefits under its various insurance and deposit contracts. However, the Company’s asset/liability management programs and procedures incorporate assumptions about the relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates (i.e., the slope of the yield curve), relationships between risk-adjusted and risk-free interest rates, market liquidity and other factors, and the effectiveness of the Company’s asset/liability management programs and procedures may be negatively affected whenever actual results differ from those assumptions.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity
The Company meets its liquidity requirements primarily through positive cash flows from its operating subsidiaries. Primary sources of cash from the operating subsidiaries are premiums, deposits for policyholder accounts, investment sales and maturities, and investment income. Primary uses of cash for the operating subsidiaries include benefit payments, withdrawals from policyholder accounts, investment purchases, policy acquisition costs, and other operating expenses.
While the Company generally anticipates that the cash flows of its subsidiaries will be sufficient to meet their investment commitments and operating cash needs, the Company recognizes that investment commitments scheduled to be funded may, from time to time, exceed the funds then available. Therefore, the Company has established repurchase agreement programs for certain of its insurance subsidiaries to provide liquidity when needed. The Company expects that the rate received on its investments will equal or exceed its borrowing rate. Additionally, the Company may, from time to time, sell short-duration stable value products to complement its cash management practices. The Company has also used securitization transactions involving its commercial mortgage loans to increase liquidity for the operating subsidiaries.
The Company’s positive cash flows from operations are used to fund an investment portfolio that provides for future benefit payments. The Company employs a formal asset/liability program to manage the cash flows of its investment portfolio relative to its long-term benefit obligations. See additional discussion of the Company’s asset/liability program in the “Market Risk Exposures” section.
The life insurance subsidiaries were committed at June 30, 2005 to fund mortgage loans in the amount of $954.2 million. The Company's subsidiaries held $725.1 million in cash and short-term investments at June 30, 2005. Protective Life Corporation had an additional $2.7 million in cash and short-term investments available for general corporate purposes.
Protective Life Corporation’s primary sources of cash are dividends from its operating subsidiaries; revenues from investment, data processing, legal, and management services rendered to subsidiaries; investment income; and external financing. These sources of cash support the general corporate needs of the holding company including its common stock dividends and debt service. The states in which the Company’s insurance subsidiaries are domiciled impose certain restrictions on the insurance subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends to Protective Life Corporation. These restrictions are generally based in part on the prior year’s statutory income and surplus. Generally, these restrictions pose no short-term liquidity concerns for Protective Life Corporation. The Company plans to retain substantial portions of the earnings of its insurance subsidiaries in those companies primarily to support their future growth.
Capital Resources
To give the Company flexibility in connection with future acquisitions and other funding needs, the Company has registered debt securities, preferred and common stock, and stock purchase contracts of Protective Life Corporation, and additional preferred securities of special purpose finance subsidiaries under the Securities Act of 1933 on a delayed (or shelf) basis.
In May 2004, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a $100 million share repurchase program, available through May 2, 2007. There has been no activity under this program, and future activity will be dependent upon many factors, including capital levels, rating agency expectations, and the relative attractiveness of alternative uses for capital.
A life insurance company's statutory capital is computed according to rules prescribed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC"), as modified by the insurance company's state of domicile. Statutory accounting rules are different from GAAP and are intended to reflect a more conservative view by, for example, requiring immediate expensing of policy acquisition costs. The NAIC's risk-based capital requirements require insurance companies to calculate and report information under a risk-based capital formula. The achievement of long-term growth will require growth in the statutory capital of the Company's insurance subsidiaries. The subsidiaries may secure additional statutory capital through various sources, such as retained statutory earnings or equity contributions by the Company.
Contractual Obligations
The table below sets forth future maturities of debt, subordinated debt securities, stable value products, notes payable, operating lease obligations, other property lease obligations, mortgage loan commitments, and liabilities related to variable interest entities.
| | 2005 | | 2006-2007 | | 2008-2009 | | After 2009 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Long-term debt(a) | | $ | 18 | | $ | 2,167 | | $ | 52,600 | | $ | 414,532 | |
Subordinated debt securities(b) | | | | | | | | | | | | 324,743 | |
Securities sold under repurchase agreements | | | 31,550 | | | | | | | | | | |
Stable value products(c) | | | 508,739 | | | 2,439,054 | | | 1,681,150 | | | 1,217,178 | |
Operating leases(d) | | | 2,905 | | | 8,477 | | | 3,788 | | | 2,982 | |
Home office lease(e) | | | 1,148 | | | 77,678 | | | | | | | |
Mortgage loan commitments | | | 954,157 | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities related to variable interest entities(f) | | | 406,103 | | | 2,401 | | | 35,755 | | | 20,819 | |
Policyholder obligations(g) | | | 472,927 | | | 1,812,722 | | | 1,647,509 | | | 9,405,192 | |
|
(a) | Long-term debt includes all principal amounts owed on note agreements, and does not include interest payments due over the term of the notes. |
(b) | Subordinated debt securities includes all principal amounts owed to non-consolidated special purpose finance subsidiaries of the Company, and does not include interest payments due over the term of the obligations. |
(c) | Anticipated stable value products cash flows, excluding interest not yet accrued. |
(d) | Includes all base lease payments required under operating lease agreements. |
(e) | The lease payments shown assume the Company exercises its option to purchase the building at the end of the lease term. |
(f) | Liabilities related to variable interest entities are not the legal obligations of the Company, but will be repaid with cash flows generated by the variable interest entities. The amounts represent scheduled principal payments. |
(g) | Estimated contractual policyholder obligations are based on mortality, morbidity, and lapse assumptions comparable to the Company’s historical experience, modified for recent observed trends. These obligations are based on current balance sheet values and do not incorporate an expectation of future market growth, interest crediting, or future deposits. Due to the significance of the assumptions used, the amounts presented could materially differ from actual results. As separate account obligations are legally insulated from general account obligations, the separate account obligations will be fully funded by cash flows from separate account assets. The Company expects to fully fund the general account obligations from cash flows from general account investments. |
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In July 2005, the FASB issued an exposure draft of a proposed interpretation, Accounting for Uncertain Tax Positions - an Interpretation of FASB Statement 109. The draft contains proposed guidance on the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions. It also addresses the accrual of any interest and penalties related to tax uncertainties and the classification of liabilities resulting from tax uncertainties on the balance sheet. The draft includes a proposed effective date of December 15, 2005. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of this draft interpretation, but does not currently anticipate that its adoption would have a material impact on its financial position or results of operation.
See Note 6 to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for additional information regarding recently issued accounting standards.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
A proposal to amend Actuarial Guideline 38 (promulgated by the NAIC and part of the codification of statutory accounting principles) has been approved by two groups within the NAIC structure, and appears likely to be officially adopted during third quarter 2005, with an effective date of July 1, 2005. Actuarial Guideline 38, also known as AXXX, sets forth the reserve requirements for universal life insurance with secondary guarantees (“ULSG”). The Company believes that the proposal will increase the reserve levels required for many ULSG products, and potentially make those products more expensive and less competitive as compared to other products including term and whole life products. The Company believes that the impact of the proposal on the Company will be prospective only and has the potential to reduce the competitiveness and/or profitability of its newly written products as compared to traditional whole life or other high cash value insurance products or other products supported by relatively inexpensive capital (such as reinsurance of redundant reserves). To the extent that the additional reserves are generally considered to be economically redundant, capital market or other solutions may emerge to reduce the impact of the proposal, if adopted in its current form. The ability of the Company to access such solutions may depend on factors such as the ratings of the Company, the size of the blocks of business affected, the mortality experience of the Company and other factors. The Company cannot predict when or if these solutions may become available to the Company or its competitors.
The financial services industry has recently become the focus of increased scrutiny by regulatory and law enforcement authorities relating to allegations of improper special payments, price-fixing, bid-rigging and other alleged misconduct, including payments made by insurers and other financial service providers to brokers and the practices surrounding the placement of insurance business and sales of other financial products as well as practices related to finite reinsurance. Such publicity may generate litigation against financial service providers, even those who do not engage in the business lines or practices currently at issue. It is impossible to predict the outcome of these investigations or proceedings, whether they will expand into other areas not yet contemplated, whether they will result in changes in insurance regulation, whether activities currently thought to be lawful will be characterized as unlawful, or the impact, if any, of this increased regulatory and law enforcement scrutiny of the financial services industry on the Company. As these inquiries appear to encompass a large segment of our industry, it would not be unusual for large numbers of companies in the financial services industry to receive subpoenas, requests for information from regulatory authorities or other inquiries relating to these and similar matters. From time to time, the Company receives subpoenas, requests or other inquires and responds to them in the ordinary course of business.
In the first quarter of 2005, the Company received a subpoena from the Attorney General of West Virginia for documents and other information relating to funding agreement-backed securities, special purpose vehicles, and related subjects. The Company understands that other U.S. based life insurers that participate in funding agreement backed note programs have received similar subpoenas. The Company has responded to the subpoena. The Company is not aware of any problems relating to its participation in funding agreement-backed note programs that would have a material adverse effect on its results of operations or financial condition.
The California Department of Insurance has promulgated proposed regulations that would characterize some life insurance agents as brokers and impose certain obligations on those agents that may conflict with the interests of insurance carriers or require the agent to, among other things, advise the client with respect to the best available insurer. The Company cannot predict the outcome of this regulatory proposal or whether any other state will propose or adopt similar actions.
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
There has been no material change from the disclosures in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004.
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |
| (a) | Disclosure controls and procedures |
Under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting and concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2005. It should be noted that any system of controls, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain judgments, including the costs and benefits of controls and the likelihood of future events. Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within the Company have been detected.
| (b) | Changes in internal control over financial reporting |
No significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2005 that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, such internal control over financial reporting. Our internal controls exist within a dynamic environment and the Company continually strives to improve its internal controls and procedures to enhance the quality of its financial reporting.
PART II
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
During the quarter ended June 30, 2005, the Company issued no securities in transactions which were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”).
Item 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
The Annual Meeting of Share Owners of Protective Life Corporation (the “Company”) was held on May 2, 2005. Shares entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting totaled 69,608,132 of which 65,256,062 shares were represented.
At the Annual Meeting the following directors were elected. The number of shares cast for and authorized withheld for each nominee is shown below.
Name of Directors | Number of Shares Voted For | Authorization Withheld |
| | |
John J. McMahon, Jr. | 63,652,297 | 1,603,565 |
James S. M. French | 65,082,679 | 173,183 |
John D. Johns | 63,179,809 | 2,076,052 |
Donald M. James | 63,759,129 | 1,496,733 |
J. Gary Cooper | 65,083,264 | 172,598 |
H. Corbin Day | 65,193,026 | 62,836 |
W. Michael Warren, Jr. | 65,186,215 | 69,646 |
Malcolm Portera | 65,187,593 | 68,268 |
Thomas L. Hamby | 65,187,837 | 68,025 |
Vanessa Leonard | 65,201,862 | 53,999 |
William A. Terry | 65,193,741 | 62,121 |
Share owners approved a proposal to ratify the appointment by the Board of Directors of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the independent registered public accountants for the Company and its subsidiaries for 2005. Shares voting for this proposal were 63,087,993, shares voting against were 2,121,534, and shares abstaining were 46,535.
Exhibit 15 - Letter re: unaudited interim financial information.
Exhibit 31(a) - Certification Pursuant to §302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Exhibit 31(b) - Certification Pursuant to §302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Exhibit 32(a) - Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Exhibit 32(b) - Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Exhibit 99 - Safe Harbor for Forward-Looking Statements.
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
PROTECTIVE LIFE CORPORATION
Date: August 9, 2005 /s/ Steven G. Walker _________________
Steven G. Walker
Senior Vice President, Controller
and Chief Accounting Officer
(Duly authorized officer)