Pension Plans and Defined Contribution Plan | 13. Pension Plans and Defined Contribution Plan Pension Plans As of December 31, 2015, the Company has pension plans covering approximately 2,400 of its active associates. Non-contributory plans covering non-union associates provide pension benefits that are based on years of credited service and a percentage of annual compensation. Beginning in 2009, benefits were frozen in the plans covering non-union employees. Non-contributory plans covering union members generally provide benefits of stated amounts based on years of service. The Company funds the plans in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations. The Company uses December 31 as its measurement date to determine its pension obligations. Change in Projected Benefit Obligation The following table sets forth the plans’ changes in Projected Benefit Obligation for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands): 2015 2014 Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 224,086 $ 183,069 Service cost—benefit earned during the period 1,495 1,069 Interest cost on projected benefit obligation 8,997 8,960 Union plan amendments - 1,736 Actuarial (gain) loss (16,846 ) 35,054 Benefits paid (6,343 ) (5,802 ) Benefit obligation at end of year $ 211,389 $ 224,086 The accumulated benefit obligation for the plan as of December 31, 2015 totaled $211.4 million. Plan Assets and Investment Policies and Strategies The following table sets forth the change in the plans’ assets for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands): 2015 2014 Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year $ 173,771 $ 162,250 Actual return on plan assets (6,451 ) 15,323 Company contributions 2,000 2,000 Benefits paid (6,343 ) (5,802 ) Fair value of plan assets at end of year $ 162,977 $ 173,771 The Company’s pension plan investment allocations, as a percentage of the fair value of total plan assets, as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, by asset category are as follows: Asset Category 2015 2014 Cash 0.4 % 1.1 % Equity securities 37.8 % 29.6 % Fixed income 40.5 % 45.4 % Real assets 10.8 % 13.6 % Hedge funds 10.5 % 10.3 % Total 100.0 % 100.0 % The investment policies and strategies for the Company’s pension plan assets are established with the goals of generating above-average investment returns over time, while containing risks within acceptable levels and providing adequate liquidity for the payment of plan obligations. The Company recognizes that there typically are tradeoffs among these objectives, and strives to minimize risk associated with a given expected return. The Company’s defined benefit plan assets are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are invested primarily in a diversified mix of fixed income investments and equity securities. The Company establishes target ranges for investment allocation and sets specific allocations. The target allocations for the non-union plan assets are 45.0% fixed income, 36.0% equity securities, 9.0% real assets, and 10.0% hedge funds. The target allocations for the union plan assets are 16.0% fixed income, 61.0% equity securities, 12.0% real assets and 10.0% hedge funds. Equity securities include investments in large cap and small cap corporations located in the U.S. and a mix of both international and emerging market corporations. Fixed income securities include investment grade bonds and U.S. treasuries. Other types of investments include commodity futures, real estate investment trusts (REITs) and hedge funds. Fair values for equity and fixed income securities are primarily based on valuations for identical instruments in active markets. The fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 by asset category are as follows: Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2015 (in thousands) Quoted Prices In Significant Significant Active Markets for Observable Unobservable Identical Assets Inputs Inputs Asset Category Total (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Cash $ 655 $ 655 $ - $ - Equity Securities U.S. Large Cap (a) 23,072 $ 23,072 - - International (b) 18,211 18,211 - - Emerging Markets (c) 13,127 13,127 - - U.S. Small Cap (d) 7,256 7,256 - - Fixed Income U.S. Fixed Income (e) 59,517 59,517 - - U.S. Inflation Protected Bonds (f) 1,236 1,236 High Yield Bonds (g) 2,295 2,295 International Fixed Income (h) 2,900 2,900 Real Assets Domestic Real Estate (i) 10,464 10,464 - - Commodities (j) 7,089 7,089 - - Hedge Funds Hedge Funds (k) 17,155 - 17,155 - Total $ 162,977 $ 145,822 $ 17,155 $ - (a) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publically traded, large capitalization companies domiciled predominantly in the US. (b) A daily valued mutual fund investment. This fund invests in common stocks of companies domiciled in developed market countries outside of the U.S. (c) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publically traded companies domiciled in emerging market countries. (d) Three daily mutual fund investments with different investment styles (one core, one value, one growth) that invest in publicly traded small capitalization companies. The majority of holdings are domiciled in the U.S. though the funds may hold international stocks. (e) Principally consists of a separately managed fixed income portfolio utilized to match the duration of plan liabilities. This liability-driven investment portfolio is comprised of Treasury securities including STRIPS and zero coupon bonds, as well as high quality corporate bonds. Also includes a daily valued mutual fund that invests in publically traded U.S. government, asset-backed, mortgage-backed and corporate fixed-income securities. (f) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publically traded bonds backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government and whose principal is adjusted quarterly based on inflation. (g) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publically traded, higher-quality (top-tier BB and B rated) corporate high yield bonds. (h) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publically traded bonds of governments, agencies and companies domiciled in countries outside of the U.S. (i) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publically traded Real Estate Investment Trusts. This is an index mutual fund that tracks the Morgan Stanley REIT Index. The fund normally invests at least 98% of assets that are included in the Morgan Stanley REIT Index. (j) A daily valued mutual fund investment. This fund combines a commodities position, typically through swap agreements, with a portfolio of inflation indexed bonds and other fixed income securities. The commodities position is constructed to track the performance of the Bloomberg Commodity Index. (k) Two separately managed funds of hedge funds. These funds seek attractive risk-adjusted returns through investments in a well-diversified group of managers that employ a variety of unique investment strategies. They target low volatility and low correlation to traditional asset classes. These funds may allocate their assets among a select group of non-traditional portfolio managers that invest or trade in a wide range of securities and other instruments. Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2014 (in thousands) Quoted Prices In Significant Significant Active Markets for Observable Unobservable Identical Assets Inputs Inputs Asset Category Total (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Cash $ 1,831 $ 1,831 $ - $ - Equity Securities U.S. Large Cap (a) 18,612 18,612 - - International (b) 16,791 16,791 - - Emerging Markets (c) 9,653 9,653 - - U.S. Small Value Fund (d) 5,274 5,274 - - U.S. Small Growth Fund (e) 1,123 1,123 - - Fixed Income U.S. Fixed Income (f) 78,886 78,886 - - Real Assets Domestic Real Estate (g) 13,870 13,870 - - Commodities (h) 9,789 9,789 - - Hedge Funds Hedge Funds (i) 17,941 - 17,941 - Total $ 173,770 $ 155,829 $ 17,941 $ - (a) A separately managed, diversified portfolio consisting of publically traded large cap stocks. The portfolio is predominately comprised of U.S. companies but may also hold international company stock. (b) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publically traded companies domiciled outside the U.S. and includes companies located in emerging market countries. (c) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publically traded companies domiciled in emerging market countries. (d) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publically traded, small capitalization companies that are considered value in style. The majority of holdings are domiciled in the U.S. though the fund may hold international stocks. (e) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publically traded, small capitalization companies that are considered growth in style. The majority of holdings are domiciled in the U.S. though the fund may hold international stocks. (f) A separately managed fixed income portfolio utilized to match the duration of the Plan’s liabilities. This liability driven investment portfolio is comprised of Treasury securities including STRIPS and zero coupon bonds as well as high quality corporate bonds. (g) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publically traded Real Estate Investment Trusts. This is an index mutual fund that tracks the Morgan Stanley REIT Index. The fund normally invests at least 98% of assets that are included in the Morgan Stanley REIT Index. (h) A daily valued mutual fund investment. This fund combines a commodities position, typically through swap agreements, with a portfolio of inflation indexed bonds and other fixed income securities. The commodities position is constructed to track the performance of the Dow Jones UBS Commodity Index. (i) A separately managed fund of hedge funds. This fund seeks attractive risk-adjusted returns through investments in a well-diversified group of managers that employ a variety of unique investment strategies. It targets low volatility and low correlation to traditional asset classes. This fund may allocate its assets among a select group of non-traditional portfolio managers that invest or trade in a wide range of securities and other instruments, including, but not limited to: equities and fixed income securities, currencies, commodities, futures contracts, options and other derivative instruments. This fund was sold prior to December 31, 2014 but the transaction did not settle until January 2015. Plan Funded Status The following table sets forth the plans’ funded status as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands): 2015 2014 Funded status of the plan $ (48,412 ) $ (50,316 ) Unrecognized prior service cost 2,869 3,166 Unrecognized net actuarial loss 74,461 79,502 Net amount recognized $ 28,918 $ 32,352 Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets 2015 2014 Accrued benefit liability $ (48,412 ) $ (50,316 ) Accumulated other comprehensive income 77,330 82,668 Net amount recognized $ 28,918 $ 32,352 Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost Net periodic pension cost for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 for pension and supplemental benefit plans includes the following components (in thousands): Pension Benefits For the Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Service cost - benefit earned during the period $ 1,495 $ 1,069 $ 1,479 Interest cost on projected benefit obligation 8,997 8,960 8,379 Expected return on plan assets (11,217 ) (10,286 ) (11,338 ) Amortization of prior service cost 296 182 192 Amortization of actuarial loss 5,862 3,674 5,741 Net periodic pension cost $ 5,433 $ 3,599 $ 4,453 The estimated net actuarial loss and prior service cost that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into the net periodic benefit cost during 2016 are approximately $5.7 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Assumptions Used The following tables summarize the Company’s actuarial assumptions for discount rates, expected long-term rates of return on plan assets: 2015 2014 2013 Pension plan assumptions Assumed discount rate, general 4.52% 4.09% 4.95% Assumed discount rate, union 4.55% 4.16% 5.10% Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, general 6.50% 6.30% 7.30% Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, union 6.30% 7.30% 7.75% To select the appropriate actuarial assumptions, management relied on current market conditions, historical information and consultation with and input from the Company’s outside actuaries. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets assumption is based on historical returns and the future expectation of returns for each asset category, as well as the target asset allocation of the asset portfolio. Contributions In December 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors approved cash contributions to the Company’s pension plans. In January 2016, a cash contribution of $3 million was made to the Essendant Union Employee Pension Plan and $7 million was made to the Essendant Pension Plan. Additional fundings, if any, for 2016 have not yet been determined. Estimated Future Benefit Payments The estimated future benefit payments under the Company’s pension plans, excluding the impact of future lump sum offerings, are as follows (in thousands): Amounts 2016 $ 8,814 2017 8,217 2018 8,072 2019 9,089 2020 10,096 2021-2025 56,163 Defined Contribution Plan The Company has a defined contribution plan. Salaried associates and non-union hourly paid associates are eligible to participate after completing six consecutive months of employment. The plan permits associates to have contributions made as 401(k) salary deferrals on their behalf, or as voluntary after-tax contributions, and provides for Company contributions, or contributions matching associates’ salary deferral contributions, at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Company contributions to match associates’ contributions were approximately $5.9 million, $5.5 million and $5.3 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. |