Pension Plans and Defined Contribution Plan | 13. Pension Plans and Defined Contribution Plan Pension Plans As of December 31, 2017, the Company has pension plans covering approximately 2,200 of its active associates. A non-contributory plan covering non-union associates provides pension benefits that are based on years of credited service and a percentage of annual compensation. In 2009, benefits were frozen in the plan covering non-union employees. A non-contributory plan covering union members generally provides benefits of stated amounts based on years of service. The Company funds the plans in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations. The Company uses December 31, as its measurement date to determine its pension obligations. Change in Projected Benefit Obligation The following table sets forth the plans’ changes in the Projected Benefit Obligation for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): 2017 2016 Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 182,253 $ 211,389 Service cost—benefit earned during the period 1,285 1,269 Interest cost on projected benefit obligation 7,448 8,073 Actuarial (gain) loss 21,150 4,547 Benefits paid (6,917 ) (2,952 ) Settlements - (40,073 ) Plan change 1,838 - Benefit obligation at end of year $ 207,057 $ 182,253 In 2016, the Company commenced a voluntary lump-sum pension offering to eligible, terminated, vested plan participants As a result of the lump sum offer, a settlement and remeasurement of the Essendant Pension Plan was performed. Plan Assets and Investment Policies and Strategies The following table sets forth the change in the plans’ assets for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): 2017 2016 Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year $ 142,088 $ 162,977 Actual return on plan assets 18,555 12,136 Company contributions 10,000 10,000 Benefits paid (6,917 ) (2,952 ) Settlements - (40,073 ) Fair value of plan assets at end of year $ 163,726 $ 142,088 The Company’s pension plan investment allocations, as a percentage of the fair value of total plan assets, as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, by asset category are as follows: Asset Category 2017 2016 Cash 0.7 % 0.6 % Equity securities 46.3 % 50.8 % Fixed income 34.6 % 27.4 % Real assets 4.9 % 4.8 % Hedge funds 9.9 % 11.9 % Master Limited Partnerships 3.6 % 4.5 % Total 100.0 % 100.0 % The investment policies and strategies for the Company’s pension plan assets are established with the goals of generating above-average investment returns over time, while containing risk within acceptable levels and providing adequate liquidity for the payment of plan obligations as necessary. The Company recognizes that there typically are tradeoffs among these objectives, and strives to minimize risk associated with a given expected return. The Company’s pension plan assets are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are invested primarily in a diversified mix of fixed income investments and equity securities. The Company establishes target ranges for investment allocation and sets specific allocations. The target allocations for the non-union plan assets are 45.0% fixed income, 36.0% equity securities, 9.0% real assets, and 10.0% hedge funds. The target allocations for the union plan assets are 17.0% fixed income, 64.0% equity securities, 9.0% real assets and 10.0% hedge funds. Equity securities include investments in large and small market capitalization corporations located in the U.S. and a mix of both international and emerging market corporations. Fixed income securities include investment grade bonds and U.S. treasuries. Other types of investments include commodity futures, real estate investment trusts (REITs) and hedge funds. Fair values for equity and certain fixed income securities are primarily based on valuations for identical instruments in active markets. The fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets at December 31, 2017 and 2016 by asset category are as follows: Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Quoted Prices In Significant Significant Active Markets for Observable Unobservable Assets Identical Assets Inputs Inputs Measured at Asset Category Total (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Net Asset Value (a) Cash $ 1,158 $ 1,158 $ - $ - $ - Equity Securities U.S. Large Cap (b) 28,015 28,015 - - - International (c) 22,667 22,667 - - - Emerging Markets (d) 14,781 14,781 - - - U.S. Small Cap (e) 10,320 10,320 - - - Fixed Income U.S. Fixed Income (f) 54,214 5,976 48,238 - - U.S. Inflation Protected Bonds (g) 491 491 - - - High Yield Bonds (h) 1,029 1,029 - - - International Fixed Income (i) 1,013 1,013 - - - Real Assets Domestic Real Estate (j) 5,355 5,355 - - - Commodities (k) 2,665 2,665 - - - Hedge Funds Hedge Funds (l) 16,145 - - - 16,145 Master Limited Partnerships Master Limited Partnerships (m) 5,873 5,873 - - - Total $ 163,726 $ 99,343 $ 48,238 $ - $ 16,145 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 (in thousands) Quoted Prices In Significant Significant Active Markets for Observable Unobservable Assets Identical Assets Inputs Inputs Measured at Asset Category Total (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Net Asset Value (a) Cash $ 874 $ 874 $ - $ - $ - Equity Securities U.S. Large Cap (b) 27,779 27,779 - - - International (c) 21,960 21,960 - - - Emerging Markets (d) 12,504 12,504 - - - U.S. Small Cap (e) 9,974 9,974 - - - Fixed Income U.S. Fixed Income (f) 36,778 4,551 32,227 - - U.S. Inflation Protected Bonds (g) 403 403 - - - High Yield Bonds (h) 912 912 - - - International Fixed Income (i) 807 807 - - - Real Assets Domestic Real Estate (j) 4,204 4,204 - - - Commodities (k) 2,563 2,563 - - - Hedge Funds Hedge Funds (l) 16,962 - - - 16,962 Master Limited Partnerships Master Limited Partnerships (m) 6,368 6,368 - - - Total $ 142,088 $ 92,899 $ 32,227 $ - $ 16,962 (a) In accordance with the relevant accounting standards, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. (b) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publicly traded, large market capitalization companies domiciled predominantly in the U.S. (c) A daily valued mutual fund investment. This fund invests in common stocks of companies domiciled in developed market countries outside of the U.S. (d) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publicly traded companies domiciled in emerging market countries. (e) Daily mutual fund investments with different investment styles (one core, one value, one growth) that invest in publicly traded small market capitalization companies. The majority of holdings are domiciled in the U.S. though the funds may hold international stocks. (f) Principally consists of a separately managed fixed income portfolio utilized to match the duration of plan liabilities. This liability-driven investment portfolio is comprised of Treasury securities including STRIPS and zero coupon bonds, as well as high quality corporate bonds. Also includes a daily valued mutual fund that invests in publicly traded U.S. government, asset-backed, mortgage-backed and corporate fixed-income securities. 2016 classifications have been conformed to the 2017 presentation. (g) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publicly traded bonds backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government and whose principal is adjusted quarterly based on inflation. (h) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publicly traded, higher-quality (top-tier BB and B rated) corporate high yield bonds. (i) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publicly traded bonds of governments, agencies and companies domiciled in countries outside of the U.S. (j) A daily valued mutual fund investment. The fund invests in publicly traded REITs. This is an index mutual fund that tracks the Morgan Stanley REIT Index. The fund normally invests at least 98% of assets that are included in the Morgan Stanley REIT Index. (k) A daily valued mutual fund investment. This fund combines a commodities position, typically through swap agreements, with a portfolio of inflation indexed bonds and other fixed income securities. The commodities position is constructed to track the performance of the Bloomberg Commodity Index. (l) Separately managed funds of hedge funds. These funds seek attractive risk-adjusted returns through investments in a well-diversified group of managers that employ a variety of unique investment strategies. They target low volatility and low correlation to traditional asset classes. These funds may allocate their assets among a select group of non-traditional portfolio managers that invest or trade in a wide range of securities and other instruments. (m) A managed fund of master limited partnerships. Plan Funded Status The following table sets forth the plans’ funded status as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): 2017 2016 Funded status of the plan $ (43,331 ) $ (40,165 ) Unrecognized prior service cost 4,125 2,574 Unrecognized net actuarial loss 66,392 58,957 Net amount recognized $ 27,186 $ 21,366 Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets The following table sets forth the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): 2017 2016 Accrued benefit liability $ (43,331 ) $ (40,165 ) Accumulated other comprehensive income 70,517 61,531 Net amount recognized $ 27,186 $ 21,366 Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost Net periodic pension cost for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 for pension and supplemental benefit plans includes the following components (in thousands): Pension Benefits For the Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Service cost - benefit earned during the period $ 1,285 $ 1,269 $ 1,495 Interest cost on projected benefit obligation 7,448 8,073 8,997 Expected return on plan assets (9,090 ) (9,730 ) (11,217 ) Amortization of prior service cost 288 295 296 Amortization of actuarial loss 4,248 5,134 5,862 Settlements - 12,510 - Net periodic pension cost $ 4,179 $ 17,551 $ 5,433 The estimated net actuarial loss and prior service cost that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into the net periodic benefit cost during 2018 are approximately $5.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Assumptions Used The following tables summarize the Company’s actuarial assumptions for discount rates, expected long-term rates of return on plan assets: 2017 2016 2015 General pension plan assumptions Assumed discount rate N/A 4.18% 4.52% Equivalent single discount rate for benefit obligations 3.69% N/A N/A Equivalent single discount rate for interest cost 3.55% N/A N/A Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 5.50% 6.30% 6.50% Union pension plan assumptions Assumed discount rate N/A 4.22% 4.55% Equivalent single discount rate for benefit obligations 3.71% N/A N/A Equivalent single discount rate for service cost 3.78% N/A N/A Equivalent single discount rate for interest cost 3.47% N/A N/A Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 5.30% 6.20% 6.30% To select the appropriate actuarial assumptions, management relied on current market conditions, historical information and consultation with, and input from, the Company’s external actuarial specialists. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets assumption is based on historical returns and the future expectation of returns for each asset category, as well as the target asset allocation of the asset portfolio. At December 31, 2017, the Company refined the method used to determine the service and interest cost components of the Company’s net periodic benefit cost. Previously, the cost was determined using a single weighted-average discount rate derived from the yield curve. Under the refined method, known as the spot rate approach, individual spot rates along the yield curve that correspond with the timing of each benefit payment are used. The Company believes this change provides a more precise measurement of service and interest costs by improving the correlation between projected cash outflows and corresponding spot rates on the yield curve. Compared to the previous method, the spot rate approach will decrease the service and interest components of the Company’s benefit costs by an immaterial amount in 2018. There is no impact on the total benefit obligation. The Company will account for this change prospectively as a change in accounting estimate. Contributions In December 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a cash contribution of $10.0 million to the Essendant Pension Plan that was paid in January 2018, but additional fundings, if any, for the remainder of 2018 have not yet been determined. Estimated Future Benefit Payments The estimated future benefit payments under the Company’s pension plans, excluding the impact of future lump sum offerings, are as follows (in thousands): Amounts 2018 $ 12,739 2019 11,798 2020 11,175 2021 10,145 2022 10,838 2023-2027 55,673 Defined Contribution Plan The Company has a defined contribution plan. Salaried associates and non-union hourly paid associates are eligible to participate after completing six consecutive months of employment. The plan permits associates to have contributions made as 401(k) salary deferrals on their behalf, or as voluntary after-tax contributions, and provides for Company contributions, or contributions matching associates’ salary deferral contributions, at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Expense associated with the Company contributions to match associates’ contributions were approximately $7.4 million, $7.1 million and $5.9 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. |