Allowance for Credit Losses | Allowance for Credit Losses The ACL was $121.5 million as of December 31, 2023 as compared to $105.7 million at December 31, 2022. The provision for credit losses on loans of $22.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 was comprised of $13.5 million in qualitative reserves, $2.4 million in quantitative reserves and $6.6 million in net charge-offs. The quantitative components of the ACL increased reserve requirements due largely to the continued rise in corporate debt yields and increasing uncertainty within global markets. This forecast data continues to evolve and includes improving shifts in the magnitude of changes for both the unemployment and GDP factors leading up to the balance sheet date. Despite continued declines on a year over year comparative basis, core inflation remains elevated from wage pressures, and higher living costs such as housing, energy and food prices resulting from a rising rate environment for nearly all of 2023. Management notes the rapid intervals of rate increases by the Federal Reserve may create repricing risk for certain borrowers and continued inversion of the yield curve, creates informed expectations of the US potentially entering a recession within 12 months. While projected cuts in interest rates from the Federal Reserve during 2024 may improve this outlook, the uncertainty associated with the extent and timing of these potential reductions has inhibited a material benefit to forecasted reserve levels. Furthermore, political uncertainty continues to exist within certain foreign markets that play a critical role within segments of the U.S economy. As a result, management continues to believe that certain credit weaknesses are likely present in the overall economy and that it is appropriate to cautiously maintain a reserve level that incorporates such risk factors. The remaining increase in the allowance for credit reserves related to quantitative metrics was the result of organic loan growth and changes in credit quality associated with levels of classified, past due and non-performing loans in addition to changes in qualitative factors. The table below sets forth the components of the Company’s allowance for credit losses as of the dates indicated: (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Allowance for credit losses: Qualitative and forecast factor allowance $ 84,291 $ 70,777 Quantitative (Cohort) model allowance 34,139 32,489 Total allowance for credit losses 118,430 103,266 Allowance for individually evaluated loans 3,092 2,414 Total allowance for credit losses $ 121,522 $ 105,680 The following table provides a summary of loans and leases purchased as part of the VRB acquisition with credit deterioration (PCD) at acquisition: As of March 25, 2022 (in thousands) Commercial Real Estate Consumer Commercial and Industrial Construction Agriculture Production Total Par value $ 27,237 $ 3,877 $ 2,674 $ 25,645 $ 9,080 $ 68,513 ACL at acquisition (1,573) (144) (81) (201) (38) (2,037) Non-credit discount (2,305) (360) (47) (232) (12) (2,956) Purchase price $ 23,359 $ 3,373 $ 2,546 $ 25,212 $ 9,030 $ 63,520 The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses, and ending balance of loans, net of unearned fees for the periods indicated. Allowance for Credit Losses – December 31, 2023 (in thousands) Beginning Charge-offs Recoveries Provision for Ending Commercial real estate: CRE non-owner occupied $ 30,962 $ — $ — $ 4,115 $ 35,077 CRE owner occupied 14,014 (3,637) 2 4,702 15,081 Multifamily 13,132 — — 1,286 14,418 Farmland 3,273 — — 1,015 4,288 Total commercial real estate loans 61,381 (3,637) 2 11,118 68,864 Consumer: SFR 1-4 1st DT liens 11,268 — 262 2,479 14,009 SFR HELOCs and junior liens 11,413 (66) 723 (1,797) 10,273 Other 1,958 (558) 190 1,581 3,171 Total consumer loans 24,639 (624) 1,175 2,263 27,453 Commercial and industrial 13,597 (3,879) 316 2,716 12,750 Construction 5,142 — — 3,714 8,856 Agriculture production 906 — 34 2,649 3,589 Leases 15 — — (5) 10 Allowance for credit losses on loans 105,680 (8,140) 1,527 22,455 121,522 Reserve for unfunded commitments 4,315 — — 1,535 5,850 Total $ 109,995 $ (8,140) $ 1,527 $ 23,990 $ 127,372 Allowance for Credit Losses – December 31, 2022 (in thousands) Beginning ACL on PCD Loans Charge-offs Recoveries Provision for Ending Commercial real estate: CRE non-owner occupied $ 25,739 $ 746 $ — $ 1 $ 4,476 $ 30,962 CRE owner occupied 10,691 63 — 2 3,258 14,014 Multifamily 12,395 — — — 737 13,132 Farmland 2,315 764 (294) — 488 3,273 Total commercial real estate loans 51,140 1,573 (294) 3 8,959 61,381 Consumer: SFR 1-4 1st DT liens 10,723 144 — 79 322 11,268 SFR HELOCs and junior liens 10,510 — (22) 429 496 11,413 Other 2,241 — (572) 235 54 1,958 Total consumer loans 23,474 144 (594) 743 872 24,639 Commercial and industrial 3,862 81 (697) 1,157 9,194 13,597 Construction 5,667 201 — — (726) 5,142 Agriculture production 1,215 38 — 4 (351) 906 Leases 18 — — — (3) 15 Allowance for credit losses on loans 85,376 2,037 (1,585) 1,907 17,945 105,680 Reserve for unfunded commitments 3,790 — — — 525 4,315 Total $ 89,166 $ 2,037 $ (1,585) $ 1,907 $ 18,470 $ 109,995 Allowance for Credit Losses – December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Beginning Charge-offs Recoveries Provision for Ending Commercial real estate: CRE non-owner occupied $ 29,380 $ — $ 12 $ (3,653) $ 25,739 CRE owner occupied 10,861 (18) 794 (946) 10,691 Multifamily 11,472 — — 923 12,395 Farmland 1,980 (126) — 461 2,315 Total commercial real estate loans 53,693 (144) 806 (3,215) 51,140 Consumer: SFR 1-4 1st DT liens 10,117 (145) 13 738 10,723 SFR HELOCs and junior liens 11,771 (29) 1,127 (2,359) 10,510 Other 3,260 (577) 361 (803) 2,241 Total consumer loans 25,148 (751) 1,501 (2,424) 23,474 Commercial and industrial 4,252 (1,470) 755 325 3,862 Construction 7,540 (27) — (1,846) 5,667 Agriculture production 1,209 — 24 (18) 1,215 Leases 5 — — 13 18 Allowance for credit losses on loans 91,847 (2,392) 3,086 (7,165) 85,376 Reserve for unfunded commitments 3,400 — — 390 3,790 Total $ 95,247 $ (2,392) $ 3,086 $ (6,775) $ 89,166 As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including, but not limited to, trends relating to (i) the level of criticized and classified loans, (ii) net charge-offs, (iii) non-performing loans, and (iv) delinquency within the portfolio. The Company analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to credit risk and grading. This analysis is performed annually for all outstanding balances greater than $1.0 million and non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial real estate loans, unless other indicators, such as delinquency, trigger more frequent evaluation. Loans below the $1.0 million threshold and homogenous in nature are evaluated as needed for proper grading based on delinquency and borrower credit scores. Collateral values may be determined by appraisals obtained through Bank approved, licensed appraisers, qualified independent third parties, public value information (blue book values for autos), sales invoices, or other appropriate means. Appropriate valuations are obtained at initiation of the credit and periodically (every 3-12 months depending on collateral type) once repayment is questionable and the loan has been classified. The Company utilizes a risk grading system to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale ranging from Pass to Loss. A description of the general characteristics of the risk grades is as follows: • Pass – This grade represents loans ranging from acceptable to very little or no credit risk. These loans typically meet most if not all policy standards in regard to: loan amount as a percentage of collateral value, debt service coverage, profitability, leverage, and working capital. • Special Mention – This grade represents “Other Assets Especially Mentioned” in accordance with regulatory guidelines and includes loans that display some potential weaknesses which, if left unaddressed, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or may inadequately protect the Company’s position in the future. These loans warrant more than normal supervision and attention. • Substandard – This grade represents “Substandard” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Loans within this rating typically exhibit weaknesses that are well defined to the point that repayment is jeopardized. Loss potential is, however, not necessarily evident. The underlying collateral supporting the credit appears to have sufficient value to protect the Company from loss of principal and accrued interest, or the loan has been written down to the point where this is true. There is a definite need for a well-defined workout/rehabilitation program. • Doubtful – This grade represents “Doubtful” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. An asset classified as Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in a loan classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, and financing plans. • Loss – This grade represents “Loss” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. A loan classified as Loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the loan, even though some recovery may be affected in the future. The portion of the loan that is graded loss should be charged off no later than the end of the quarter in which the loss is identified. The following tables present ending loan balances by loan category and risk grade for the periods indicated: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of December 31, 2023 (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Commercial real estate: CRE non-owner occupied risk ratings Pass $ 180,326 $ 413,863 $ 290,210 $ 137,656 $ 206,408 $ 792,875 $ 141,686 $ — $ 2,163,024 Special Mention — 1,329 — 5,281 17,093 14,174 1,247 — 39,124 Substandard — — 767 — 2,139 12,540 212 — 15,658 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total CRE non-owner occupied risk ratings $ 180,326 $ 415,192 $ 290,977 $ 142,937 $ 225,640 $ 819,589 $ 143,145 $ — $ 2,217,806 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate: CRE owner occupied risk ratings Pass $ 71,288 $ 196,915 $ 190,384 $ 118,457 $ 59,220 $ 268,990 $ 23,740 $ — $ 928,994 Special Mention — 5,773 1,513 2,754 703 2,678 — — 13,421 Substandard — 2,972 7,835 — 111 3,107 — — 14,025 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total CRE owner occupied risk ratings $ 71,288 $ 205,660 $ 199,732 $ 121,211 $ 60,034 $ 274,775 $ 23,740 $ — $ 956,440 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ 1,380 $ — $ 2,228 $ 29 $ — $ 3,637 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of December 31, 2023 (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Commercial real estate: Multifamily risk ratings Pass $ 28,445 $ 177,032 $ 279,660 $ 89,106 $ 104,108 $ 225,446 $ 33,470 $ — $ 937,267 Special Mention — — 11,914 — — 321 — — 12,235 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total multifamily loans $ 28,445 $ 177,032 $ 291,574 $ 89,106 $ 104,108 $ 225,767 $ 33,470 $ — $ 949,502 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate: Farmland risk ratings Pass $ 21,729 $ 46,398 $ 37,134 $ 16,006 $ 16,780 $ 41,663 $ 50,857 $ — $ 230,567 Special Mention — 2,170 5,802 51 261 734 — — 9,018 Substandard 101 813 9,053 377 — 13,266 7,859 — 31,469 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total farmland loans $ 21,830 $ 49,381 $ 51,989 $ 16,434 $ 17,041 $ 55,663 $ 58,716 $ — $ 271,054 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Consumer loans: SFR 1-4 1st DT liens risk ratings Pass $ 135,741 $ 189,920 $ 260,870 $ 125,081 $ 29,568 $ 126,975 $ — $ 4,079 $ 872,234 Special Mention 71 — — — — 1,948 — 27 2,046 Substandard — 140 1,296 1,490 531 5,265 — 436 9,158 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total SFR 1st DT liens $ 135,812 $ 190,060 $ 262,166 $ 126,571 $ 30,099 $ 134,188 $ — $ 4,542 $ 883,438 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Consumer loans: SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens risk ratings Pass $ 297 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 96 $ 343,698 $ 6,444 $ 350,535 Special Mention — — — — — — 2,274 138 2,412 Substandard — — — — — — 3,212 654 3,866 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens $ 297 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 96 $ 349,184 $ 7,236 $ 356,813 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 66 $ 66 Consumer loans: Other risk ratings Pass $ 34,441 $ 9,061 $ 8,908 $ 7,419 $ 6,825 $ 4,619 $ 659 $ — $ 71,932 Special Mention 21 54 203 63 54 37 18 — 450 Substandard 87 183 164 30 116 52 3 — 635 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total other consumer loans $ 34,549 $ 9,298 $ 9,275 $ 7,512 $ 6,995 $ 4,708 $ 680 $ — $ 73,017 Current period gross charge-offs $ 376 $ 82 $ — $ 36 $ 39 $ 9 $ 16 $ — $ 558 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of December 31, 2023 (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Commercial and industrial loans: Commercial and industrial risk ratings Pass $ 70,930 $ 83,184 $ 51,455 $ 9,504 $ 10,193 $ 7,636 $ 340,858 $ 318 $ 574,078 Special Mention 33 663 237 83 — 178 1,126 — 2,320 Substandard — 2,014 782 103 4 762 6,318 74 10,057 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial loans $ 70,963 $ 85,861 $ 52,474 $ 9,690 $ 10,197 $ 8,576 $ 348,302 $ 392 $ 586,455 Current period gross charge-offs $ 153 $ 287 $ 240 $ 2,285 $ — $ — $ 896 $ 18 $ 3,879 Construction loans: Construction risk ratings Pass $ 56,378 $ 136,294 $ 85,144 $ 47,632 $ 4,583 $ 6,518 $ — $ — $ 336,549 Special Mention — 10,582 — — — — — — 10,582 Substandard — — — — 67 — — — 67 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total construction loans $ 56,378 $ 146,876 $ 85,144 $ 47,632 $ 4,650 $ 6,518 $ — $ — $ 347,198 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Agriculture production loans: Agriculture production risk ratings Pass $ 945 $ 2,749 $ 1,595 $ 396 $ 620 $ 8,491 $ 114,935 $ — $ 129,731 Special Mention — 183 543 176 — — 11,302 — 12,204 Substandard — — — — — — 2,562 — 2,562 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total agriculture production loans $ 945 $ 2,932 $ 2,138 $ 572 $ 620 $ 8,491 $ 128,799 $ — $ 144,497 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Leases: Lease risk ratings Pass $ 8,250 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 8,250 Special Mention — Substandard — Doubtful/Loss — Total leases $ 8,250 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 8,250 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Total loans outstanding: Risk ratings Pass $ 608,770 $ 1,255,416 $ 1,205,360 $ 551,257 $ 438,305 $ 1,483,309 $ 1,049,903 $ 10,841 $ 6,603,161 Special Mention 125 20,754 20,212 8,408 18,111 20,070 15,967 165 103,812 Substandard 188 6,122 19,897 2,000 2,968 34,992 20,166 1,164 87,497 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total loans outstanding $ 609,083 $ 1,282,292 $ 1,245,469 $ 561,665 $ 459,384 $ 1,538,371 $ 1,086,036 $ 12,170 $ 6,794,470 Current period gross charge-offs $ 529 $ 369 $ 240 $ 3,701 $ 39 $ 2,237 $ 941 $ 84 $ 8,140 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of December 31, 2022 (in thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Commercial real estate: CRE non-owner occupied risk ratings Pass $ 399,910 $ 304,636 $ 152,960 $ 221,659 $ 147,842 $ 748,994 $ 123,794 $ — $ 2,099,795 Special Mention — — — 20,033 — 21,681 1,346 — 43,060 Substandard — 864 768 — 1,059 4,179 — — 6,870 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total CRE non-owner occupied risk ratings $ 399,910 $ 305,500 $ 153,728 $ 241,692 $ 148,901 $ 774,854 $ 125,140 $ — $ 2,149,725 Commercial real estate: CRE owner occupied risk ratings Pass $ 210,101 $ 197,787 $ 120,929 $ 64,244 $ 49,755 $ 251,137 $ 43,343 $ — $ 937,296 Special Mention 131 16,296 234 731 — 6,971 879 — 25,242 Substandard 3,213 — 5,249 1,893 1,103 10,654 157 — 22,269 Doubtful/Loss — Total CRE owner occupied risk ratings $ 213,445 $ 214,083 $ 126,412 $ 66,868 $ 50,858 $ 268,762 $ 44,379 $ — $ 984,807 Commercial real estate: Multifamily risk ratings Pass $ 159,318 $ 290,170 $ 96,937 $ 108,586 $ 106,287 $ 154,125 $ 28,989 $ — $ 944,412 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 125 — — 125 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total multifamily loans $ 159,318 $ 290,170 $ 96,937 $ 108,586 $ 106,287 $ 154,250 $ 28,989 $ — $ 944,537 Commercial real estate: Farmland risk ratings Pass $ 47,067 $ 53,275 $ 16,739 $ 18,589 $ 12,386 $ 34,528 $ 53,684 $ — $ 236,268 Special Mention 3,139 783 246 5,000 — 3,991 14,275 — 27,434 Substandard — — 1,772 765 3,158 7,094 3,523 — 16,312 Doubtful/Loss — Total farmland loans $ 50,206 $ 54,058 $ 18,757 $ 24,354 $ 15,544 $ 45,613 $ 71,482 $ — $ 280,014 Consumer loans: SFR 1-4 1st DT liens risk ratings Pass $ 194,933 $ 265,370 $ 131,922 $ 33,395 $ 28,545 $ 115,469 $ 8 $ 2,924 $ 772,566 Special Mention — — 1,531 282 3,277 5,854 — 465 11,409 Substandard — 1,204 — — 1,004 3,521 — 645 6,374 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total SFR 1st DT liens $ 194,933 $ 266,574 $ 133,453 $ 33,677 $ 32,826 $ 124,844 $ 8 $ 4,034 $ 790,349 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of December 31, 2022 (in thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Consumer loans: SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens risk ratings Pass $ 505 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 127 $ 378,939 $ 8,462 $ 388,033 Special Mention — — — — — — 1,842 81 1,923 Substandard — — — — — — 3,072 638 3,710 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens $ 505 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 127 $ 383,853 $ 9,181 $ 393,666 Consumer loans: Other risk ratings Pass $ 14,070 $ 12,990 $ 10,211 $ 10,650 $ 5,225 $ 1,945 $ 899 $ — $ 55,990 Special Mention — 18 77 135 176 32 47 — 485 Substandard — — 42 92 — 96 23 — 253 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total other consumer loans $ 14,070 $ 13,008 $ 10,330 $ 10,877 $ 5,401 $ 2,073 $ 969 $ — $ 56,728 Commercial and industrial loans: Commercial and industrial risk ratings Pass $ 125,710 $ 64,966 $ 17,746 $ 23,131 $ 7,628 $ 5,051 $ 297,341 $ 483 $ 542,056 Special Mention 3,032 139 21 49 138 768 11,547 — 15,694 Substandard 1,293 1,142 5,179 14 33 611 3,798 101 12,171 Doubtful/Loss — Total commercial and industrial loans $ 130,035 $ 66,247 $ 22,946 $ 23,194 $ 7,799 $ 6,430 $ 312,686 $ 584 $ 569,921 Construction loans: Construction risk ratings Pass $ 72,840 $ 72,308 $ 43,409 $ 15,358 $ 2,159 $ 4,900 $ — $ — $ 210,974 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 457 — 129 — — 586 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total construction loans $ 72,840 $ 72,308 $ 43,409 $ 15,815 $ 2,159 $ 5,029 $ — $ — $ 211,560 Agriculture production loans: Agriculture production risk ratings Pass $ 3,414 $ 2,777 $ 1,149 $ 1,104 $ 8,902 $ 1,058 $ 38,425 $ — $ 56,829 Special Mention — — — — 90 31 1,632 — 1,753 Substandard — — — — — — 2,832 — 2,832 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total agriculture production loans $ 3,414 $ 2,777 $ 1,149 $ 1,104 $ 8,992 $ 1,089 $ 42,889 $ — $ 61,414 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of December 31, 2022 (in thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Leases: Lease risk ratings Pass $ 7,726 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 7,726 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total leases $ 7,726 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 7,726 Total loans outstanding: Risk ratings Pass $ 1,235,594 $ 1,264,279 $ 592,002 $ 496,716 $ 368,729 $ 1,317,334 $ 965,422 $ 11,869 $ 6,251,945 Special Mention 6,302 17,236 2,109 26,230 3,681 39,328 31,568 546 127,000 Substandard 4,506 3,210 13,010 3,221 6,357 26,409 13,405 1,384 71,502 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — — Total loans outstanding $ 1,246,402 $ 1,284,725 $ 607,121 $ 526,167 $ 378,767 $ 1,383,071 $ 1,010,395 $ 13,799 $ 6,450,447 Once a loan becomes delinquent and repayment becomes questionable, a Bank collection officer will address collateral shortfalls with the borrower and attempt to obtain additional collateral. If this is not forthcoming and payment in full is unlikely, the Bank will estimate its probable loss, using a recent valuation as appropriate to the underlying collateral less estimated costs of sale, and charge the loan down to the estimated net realizable amount. Depending on the length of time until ultimate collection, the Bank may revalue the underlying collateral and take additional charge-offs as warranted. Revaluations may occur as often as every 3-12 months depending on the underlying collateral and volatility of values. Final charge-offs or recoveries are taken when collateral is liquidated and actual loss is known. Unpaid balances on loans after or during collection and liquidation may also be pursued through lawsuit and attachment of wages or judgment liens on borrower’s other assets. The following table shows the ending balance of current and past due originated loans by loan category as of the date indicated: Analysis of Past Due Loans - As of December 31, 2023 (in thousands) 30-59 days 60-89 days > 90 days Total Past Current Total Commercial real estate: CRE non-owner occupied $ 3,876 $ — $ 1,382 $ 5,258 $ 2,212,548 $ 2,217,806 CRE owner occupied 34 — 247 281 956,159 956,440 Multifamily — — — — 949,502 949,502 Farmland 635 3,798 2,052 6,485 264,569 271,054 Total commercial real estate loans 4,545 3,798 3,681 12,024 4,382,778 4,394,802 Consumer: SFR 1-4 1st DT liens 141 1,449 490 2,080 881,358 883,438 SFR HELOCs and junior liens 16 — 623 639 356,174 356,813 Other 148 40 30 218 72,799 73,017 Total consumer loans 305 1,489 1,143 2,937 1,310,331 1,313,268 Commercial and industrial 244 605 1,654 2,503 583,952 586,455 Construction — — — — 347,198 347,198 Agriculture production 593 878 33 1,504 142,993 144,497 Leases 447 — — 447 7,803 8,250 Total $ 6,134 $ 6,770 $ 6,511 $ 19,415 $ 6,775,055 $ 6,794,470 The following table shows the ending balance of current and past due originated loans by loan category as of the date indicated: Analysis of Past Due Loans - As of December 31, 2022 (in thousands) 30-59 days 60-89 days > 90 days Total Past Current Total Commercial real estate: CRE non-owner occupied $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 2,149,725 $ 2,149,725 CRE owner occupied — 98 75 173 984,634 984,807 Multifamily 159 — — 159 944,378 944,537 Farmland — — — — 280,014 280,014 Total commercial real estate loans 159 98 75 332 4,358,751 4,359,083 Consumer: SFR 1-4 1st DT liens 24 — 279 303 790,046 790,349 SFR HELOCs and junior liens 172 166 707 1,045 392,621 393,666 Other 26 34 55 115 56,613 56,728 Total consumer loans 222 200 1,041 1,463 1,239,280 1,240,743 Commercial and industrial 2,300 190 283 2,773 567,148 569,921 Construction — — 379 379 211,181 211,560 Agriculture production — — — — 61,414 61,414 Leases — — — — 7,726 7,726 Total $ 2,681 $ 488 $ 1,778 $ 4,947 $ 6,445,500 $ 6,450,447 The following table shows the ending balance of non accrual loans by loan category as of the date indicated: Non Accrual Loans As of December 31, 2023 As of December 31, 2022 (in thousands) Non accrual with no allowance for credit losses Total non accrual Past due 90 days or more and still accruing Non accrual with no allowance for credit losses Total non accrual Past due 90 days or more and still accruing Commercial real estate: CRE non-owner occupied $ 2,024 $ 2,024 $ — $ 1,739 $ 1,739 $ — CRE owner occupied 3,994 3,994 — 4,938 4,938 — Multifamily — — — 125 125 — Farmland 5,996 14,484 — 1,772 1,772 — Total commercial real estate loans 12,014 20,502 — 8,574 8,574 — Consumer: SFR 1-4 1st DT liens 2,808 2,811 — 4,117 4,220 — SFR HELOCs and junior liens 3,281 3,571 — 2,498 3,155 — Other 39 105 — 47 84 — Total consumer loans 6,128 6,487 — 6,662 7,459 — Commercial and industrial 1,379 2,503 10 1,224 3,518 — Construction 67 67 — 491 491 — Agriculture production — 2,322 — 1,279 1,279 — Leases — — — — — — Sub-total 19,588 31,881 10 18,230 21,321 — Less: Guaranteed loans (766) (878) — (105) (225) — Total, net $ 18,822 $ 31,003 $ 10 $ 18,125 $ 21,096 $ — The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by class of loans as of the following periods: As of December 31, 2023 (in thousands) Retail Office Warehouse Other Multifamily Farmland SFR -1st Deed SFR -2nd Deed Automobile/Truck A/R and Inventory Equipment Total Commercial real estate: CRE non-owner occupied $ 124 $ 615 $ 519 $ 766 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 2,024 CRE owner occupied 614 — 297 3,083 — — — — — — — 3,994 Multifamily — — — — — — — — — — — — Farmland — — — 635 — 13,849 — — — — — 14,484 Total commercial real estate loans 738 615 816 4,484 — 13,849 — — — — 20,502 Consumer: SFR 1-4 1st DT liens — — — — — — 2,808 — — — — 2,808 SFR HELOCs and junior liens — — — — — — 1,816 1,467 — — — 3,283 Other — — — — — — — — 95 — — 95 Total consumer loans — — — — — — 4,624 1,467 95 — — 6,186 Commercial and industrial — — — — — — — — — 1,712 791 2,503 Construction — — — — — — 67 — — — — 67 Agriculture production — — — 2,288 — — — — — — 33 2,321 Leases — — — — — — — — — — — — Total $ 738 $ 615 $ 816 $ 6,772 $ — $ 13,849 $ 4,691 $ 1,467 $ 95 $ 1,712 $ 824 $ 31,579 As of December 31, 2022 (in thousands) Retail Office Warehouse Other Multifamily Farmland SFR -1st Deed SFR -2nd Deed Automobile/Truck A/R and Inventory Equipment Total Commercial real estate: CRE non-owner occupied $ 777 $ 98 $ — $ 864 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,739 CRE owner occupied 548 75 1,103 3,212 — — — — — — — 4,938 Multifamily — — — — 125 — — — — — — 125 Farmland — — — — — 1,772 — — — — — 1,772 Total commercial real estate loans 1,325 173 1,103 4,076 125 1,772 — — — — — 8,574 Consumer: SFR 1-4 1st DT liens — — — — — — 4,220 — — — — 4,220 SFR HELOCs and junior liens — — — — — — 1,664 1,121 — — — 2,785 Other — — — 5 — — — — 61 — 2 68 Total consumer loans — — — 5 — — 5,884 1,121 61 — 2 7,073 Commercial and industrial — — — 1,874 — — — — — 1,596 48 3,518 Construction — — — 379 — — 112 — — — — 491 Agriculture production — — — — — — — — — — 1,279 1,279 Leases — — — — — — — — — — Total $ 1,325 $ 173 $ 1,103 $ 6,334 $ 125 $ 1,772 $ 5,996 $ 1,121 $ 61 $ 1,596 $ 1,329 $ 20,935 For the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands) Principal Forgiveness Payment Delay /Term Extension Combination - Term Change / Available Credit Reduction Combination - Payment Delay /Term Reduction Total % of Loans Outstanding Commercial real estate: Farmland $ — $ — $ — $ 1,430 0.53 % Commercial and industrial — 152 60 — 0.08 % Total $ — $ 152 $ 60 $ 1,430 0.61 % The following table presents the financial effect of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Twelve Months Ended Modification Type Loan Type Financial Effect Payment Delay / Extension Commercial and industrial Added 12 months to the life of the loan, which reduced the payment owed by the borrowers Payment Delay / Extension Commercial and industrial Changed loan terms from fully amortizing to interest-only with balloon, which reduced the payment owed by the borrowers Combination - Payment Delay / Term Reduction Farmland Changed loan terms from fully amortizing to interest-only with balloon, and reduced the loan maturity by 12 months, which reduced the loan payment owed by the borrowers Combination - Term Change / Available Credit Reduction Commercial and industrial Added 60 months to the life of the loan to avoid balloon repayment and reduced available credit by $11000 There were no loans with payment defaults by borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the quarter ended December 31, 2023 which had material modifications in rate, term or principal forgiveness during the twelve months prior to default. |