Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 4 Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses The composition of the loan portfolio, disaggregated by class and underlying specific portfolio type, was as follows: March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in Millions) Amount Percent Amount Percent Commercial Commercial $ 120,670 37.9 % $ 98,168 33.2 % Lease financing 5,647 1.8 5,695 1.9 Total commercial 126,317 39.7 103,863 35.1 Commercial Real Estate Commercial mortgages 30,124 9.5 29,404 9.9 Construction and development 10,856 3.4 10,342 3.5 Total commercial real estate 40,980 12.9 39,746 13.4 Residential Mortgages Residential mortgages 60,708 19.1 59,865 20.2 Home equity loans, first liens 10,467 3.3 10,721 3.6 Total residential mortgages 71,175 22.4 70,586 23.8 Credit Card 22,781 7.1 24,789 8.4 Other Retail Retail leasing 8,495 2.7 8,490 2.9 Home equity and second mortgages 14,836 4.6 15,036 5.1 Revolving credit 2,786 . 9 2,899 1.0 Installment 11,540 3.6 11,038 3.7 Automobile 19,189 6.0 19,435 6.5 Student 206 . 1 220 .1 Total other retail 57,052 17.9 57,118 19.3 Total loans $ 318,305 100.0 % $ 296,102 100.0 % The Company had loans of $96.5 billion at March 31, 2020, and $96.2 billion at December 31, 2019, pledged at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and loans of $75.5 billion at March 31, 2020, and $76.3 billion at December 31, 2019, pledged at the Federal Reserve Bank. Originated loans are reported at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned interest and deferred fees and costs, and any partial charge-offs recorded. Net unearned interest and deferred fees and costs amounted to $744 million at March 31, 2020 and $781 million non-purchased The Company offers a broad array of lending products and categorizes its loan portfolio into two segments, which is the level at which it develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine the allowance for credit losses. The Company’s two loan portfolio segments are commercial lending and consumer lending. Allowance for Credit Losses Effective January 1, 2020, the allowance for credit losses is established for current expected credit losses on the Company’s loan and lease portfolio, including unfunded credit commitments. Prior to January 1, 2020, the allowance for credit losses was established based on an incurred loss model. The allowance for credit losses is increased through provisions charged to earnings and reduced by net charge-offs, inclusive of expected recoveries. Management evaluates the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. The allowance considers expected losses for the remaining lives of the applicable assets. Multiple economic scenarios are considered over a three-year reasonable and supportable forecast period, which incorporates historical loss experience in years two and three. After the forecast period, the Company fully reverts to long-term historical loss experience, adjusted for prepayments and characteristics of the current loan and lease portfolio, to estimate losses over the remaining lives. The economic scenarios are updated at least quarterly and are designed to provide a range of reasonable estimates, both better and worse than current expectations. Scenarios are weighted based on the Company’s expectation of future conditions. Final loss estimates also consider factors affecting credit losses not reflected in the scenarios, due to the unique aspects of current conditions and expectations. These factors may include loan servicing practices, regulatory guidance, and/or fiscal and monetary policy actions. The allowance recorded for credit losses utilizes forward-looking expected loss models to consider a variety of factors affecting lifetime credit losses. These factors include loan and borrower characteristics, such as internal risk ratings on commercial loans and consumer credit scores, delinquency status, collateral type and available valuation information, consideration of end-of-term losses on lease residuals, and the remaining term of the loan, adjusted for expected prepayments. Where loans do not exhibit similar risk characteristics, an individual analysis is performed to consider expected credit losses. For each loan portfolio, model estimates are adjusted as necessary to consider any relevant changes in portfolio composition, lending policies, underwriting standards, risk management practices or economic conditions that would affect the accuracy of the model. The results of the analysis are evaluated quarterly to confirm the estimates are appropriate for each loan portfolio. Expected credit loss estimates also include consideration of expected cash recoveries on loans previously charged-off, or expected recoveries on collateral dependent loans where recovery is expected through sale of the collateral. The allowance recorded for individually evaluated loans greater than $5 million in the commercial lending segment is based on an analysis utilizing expected cash flows discounted using the original effective interest rate, the observable market price of the loan, or the fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, for collateral-dependent loans. The allowance recorded for Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”) loans in the consumer lending segment is determined on a homogenous pool basis utilizing expected cash flows discounted using the original effective interest rate of the pool. TDRs do not include loan modifications granted to customers resulting directly from the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The allowance for collateral-dependent loans in the consumer lending segment is determined based on the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell and any expected future write-offs or recoveries. The allowance for credit losses on consumer lending segment TDR loans includes the consideration of subsequent payment defaults since modification, the borrower’s ability to pay under the restructured terms, and the timing and amount of payments. With respect to the commercial lending segment, TDRs may be collectively evaluated for impairment where observed performance history, including defaults, is a primary driver of the loss allocation. For commercial TDRs individually evaluated for impairment, attributes of the borrower are the primary factors in determining the allowance for credit losses. However, historical loss experience is also incorporated into the allowance methodology applied to this category of loans. Beginning January 1, 2020, when a loan portfolio is purchased, an allowance is established for those loans considered purchased with more-than-insignificant credit deterioration, or PCD loans, and those not considered purchased with more-than-insignificant credit deterioration. The allowance established for each population considers product mix, risk characteristics of the portfolio, bankruptcy experience, delinquency status, refreshed loan-to-value ratios when possible, and portfolio growth. The allowance established for purchased loans not considered PCD is recognized through provision expense upon acquisition, whereas the allowance established for loans considered PCD at acquisition is offset by an increase in the basis of the acquired loans. Any subsequent increases and decreases in the allowance related to purchased loans are recognized through provision expense, with future charge-offs charged to the allowance. The Company’s methodology for determining the appropriate allowance for credit losses for each loan segment also considers the imprecision inherent in the methodologies used. As a result, amounts determined under the methodologies described above are adjusted by management to consider the potential impact of other qualitative factors which include, but are not limited to, the following: model imprecision, imprecision in economic scenario assumptions, and emerging risks related to either changes in the environment that are affecting specific portfolio segments, or changes in portfolio concentrations over time that may affect model performance. The consideration of these items results in adjustments to allowance amounts included in the Company’s allowance for credit losses specific to each portfolio class. The Company also assesses the credit risk associated with off-balance sheet loan commitments, letters of credit, investment securities and derivatives. Credit risk associated with derivatives is reflected in the fair values recorded for those positions. The liability for off-balance sheet credit exposure related to loan commitments and other credit guarantees is included in other liabilities. Because business processes and credit risks associated with unfunded credit commitments are essentially the same as for loans, the Company utilizes similar processes to estimate its liability for unfunded credit commitments. Activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio class was as follows: (Dollars in Millions) Commercial Commercial Residential Credit Other Total Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 1,484 $ 799 $ 433 $ 1,128 $ 647 $ 4,491 Add Change in accounting principle (a) 378 (122 ) (30 ) 872 401 1,499 Provision for credit losses 452 162 10 246 123 993 Deduct Loans charged-off 88 — 8 274 121 491 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (14 ) (2 ) (7 ) (40 ) (35 ) (98 ) Net loans charged-off 74 (2 ) 1 234 86 393 Balance at March 31, 2020 $ 2,240 $ 841 $ 412 $ 2,012 $ 1,085 $ 6,590 Balance at December 31, 2018 $ 1,454 $ 800 $ 455 $ 1,102 $ 630 $ 4,441 Add Provision for credit losses 64 12 (7 ) 238 70 377 Deduct Loans charged-off 111 1 8 257 96 473 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (38 ) (1 ) (5 ) (32 ) (30 ) (106 ) Net loans charged-off 73 – 3 225 66 367 Balance at March 31, 2019 $ 1,445 $ 812 $ 445 $ 1,115 $ 634 $ 4,451 (a) Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted accounting guidance which changed impairment recognition of financial instruments to a model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. The increase in the allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2019 to March 31, 2020 reflected the adoption of new accounting guidance and deteriorating economic conditions driven by the impact of COVID-19 The increase in the allowance for credit losses resulted from the estimated impact of deteriorating economic conditions and higher unemployment, partially offset by the benefits of government stimulus programs. Credit Quality The credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolios is assessed as a function of net credit losses, levels of nonperforming assets and delinquencies, and credit quality ratings as defined by the Company. For all loan classes, loans are considered past due based on the number of days delinquent except for monthly amortizing loans which are classified delinquent based upon the number of contractually required payments not made (for example, two missed payments is considered 30 days delinquent). When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid accrued interest is reversed, reducing interest income in the current period. Commercial lending segment loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when the collection of principal and interest has become 90 days past due or is otherwise considered doubtful. Commercial lending segment loans are generally fully or partially charged down to the fair value of the collateral securing the loan, less costs to sell, when the loan is placed on nonaccrual. Consumer lending segment loans are generally charged-off 1-4 charge-off 1-4 family charged-off. charged-off 1-4 charged-off charged-off charge-off. For all loan classes, interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally recorded as a reduction to a loan’s carrying amount while a loan is on nonaccrual and are recognized as interest income upon payoff of the loan. However, interest income may be recognized for interest payments if the remaining carrying amount of the loan is believed to be collectible. In certain circumstances, loans in any class may be restored to accrual status, such as when a loan has demonstrated sustained repayment performance or no amounts are past due and prospects for future payment are no longer in doubt; or when the loan becomes well secured and is in the process of collection. Loans where there has been a partial charge-off charged-off) The following table provides a summary of loans by portfolio class, including the delinquency status of those that continue to accrue interest, and those that are nonperforming: Accruing (Dollars in Millions) Current 30-89 Days 90 Days or Nonperforming (b) Total March 31, 2020 Commercial $ 125,576 $ 352 $ 80 $ 309 $ 126,317 Commercial real estate 40,795 82 2 101 40,980 Residential mortgages (a) 70,660 164 108 243 71,175 Credit card 22,194 293 294 – 22,781 Other retail 56,408 387 95 162 57,052 Total loans $ 315,633 $ 1,278 $ 579 $ 815 $ 318,305 December 31, 2019 Commercial $ 103,273 $ 307 $ 79 $ 204 $ 103,863 Commercial real estate 39,627 34 3 82 39,746 Residential mortgages (a) 70,071 154 120 241 70,586 Credit card 24,162 321 306 – 24,789 Other retail 56,463 393 97 165 57,118 Total loans $ 293,596 $ 1,209 $ 605 $ 692 $ 296,102 (a) At March 31, 2020, $396 million of loans 30–89 days past due and $1.6 billion of loans 90 days or more past due purchased from Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, were classified as current, compared with $428 million and $1.7 billion at December 31, 2019, respectively. (b) Substantially all nonperforming loans at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, had an associated allowance for credit losses. The Company recognized $4 At March 31, 2020, the amount of foreclosed residential real estate held by the Company, and included in other real estate owned (“OREO”) was $67 million, compared with $74 million at December 31, 2019. These amounts exclude $122 million and $155 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, of foreclosed residential real estate related to mortgage loans whose payments are primarily insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. In addition, the amount of residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate in the process of foreclosure at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, was $1.4 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively, of which $1.1 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, related to loans purchased from Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. The Company classifies its loan portfolios using internal credit quality ratings on a quarterly basis. These ratings include pass, special mention and classified, and are an important part of the Company’s overall credit risk management process and evaluation of the allowance for credit losses. Loans with a pass rating represent those loans not classified on the Company’s rating scale for problem credits, as minimal credit risk has been identified. Special mention loans are those loans that have a potential weakness deserving management’s close attention. Classified loans are those loans where a well-defined weakness has been identified that may put full collection of contractual cash flows at risk. It is possible that others, given the same information, may reach different reasonable conclusions regarding the credit quality rating classification of specific loans. The following table provides a summary of loans by portfolio class and the Company’s internal credit quality rating: March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Criticized Criticized (Dollars in Millions) Pass Special Classified (a) Total Total Pass Special Classified (a) Total Total Commercial Originated in 2020 $ 13,238 $ 392 $ 85 $ 477 $ 13,715 $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – Originated in 2019 35,323 846 275 1,121 36,444 33,550 174 222 396 33,946 Originated in 2018 23,843 991 369 1,360 25,203 21,394 420 136 556 21,950 Originated in 2017 10,983 318 192 510 11,493 10,464 165 97 262 10,726 Originated in 2016 5,236 85 37 122 5,358 4,984 10 37 47 5,031 Originated prior to 2016 4,745 148 125 273 5,018 5,151 86 96 182 5,333 Revolving 27,904 911 271 1,182 29,086 26,307 292 278 570 26,877 Total commercial 121,272 3,691 1,354 5,045 126,317 101,850 1,147 866 2,013 103,863 Commercial real estate Originated in 2020 2,824 339 20 359 3,183 – – – – – Originated in 2019 12,058 705 208 913 12,971 12,976 108 108 216 13,192 Originated in 2018 8,367 705 100 805 9,172 9,455 71 56 127 9,582 Originated in 2017 4,721 568 98 666 5,387 5,863 99 64 163 6,026 Originated in 2016 3,242 215 74 289 3,531 3,706 117 60 177 3,883 Originated prior to 2016 4,314 189 134 323 4,637 4,907 78 101 179 5,086 Revolving 2,072 23 4 27 2,099 1,965 11 1 12 1,977 Total commercial real estate 37,598 2,744 638 3,382 40,980 38,872 484 390 874 39,746 Residential mortgages (b) Originated in 2020 5,108 – – – 5,108 – – – – – Originated in 2019 17,909 – 3 3 17,912 18,819 2 1 3 18,822 Originated in 2018 8,211 – 11 11 8,222 9,204 – 11 11 9,215 Originated in 2017 8,961 – 17 17 8,978 9,605 – 21 21 9,626 Originated in 2016 10,779 – 29 29 10,808 11,378 – 29 29 11,407 Originated prior to 2016 19,821 – 326 326 20,147 21,168 – 348 348 21,516 Total residential mortgages 70,789 – 386 386 71,175 70,174 2 410 412 70,586 Credit card (c) 22,487 – 294 294 22,781 24,483 – 306 306 24,789 Other retail Originated in 2020 4,172 – 1 1 4,173 – – – – – Originated in 2019 14,747 – 14 14 14,761 15,907 – 11 11 15,918 Originated in 2018 9,308 – 24 24 9,332 10,131 – 23 23 10,154 Originated in 2017 6,836 – 26 26 6,862 7,907 – 28 28 7,935 Originated in 2016 3,096 – 16 16 3,112 3,679 – 20 20 3,699 Originated prior to 2016 2,866 – 22 22 2,888 3,274 – 28 28 3,302 Revolving 15,336 8 125 133 15,469 15,509 10 138 148 15,657 Revolving converted to term 442 – 33 33 455 418 – 35 35 453 Total other retail 56,783 8 261 269 57,052 56,825 10 283 293 57,118 Total loans $ 308,929 $ 6,443 $ 2,933 $ 9,376 $ 318,305 $ 292,204 $ 1,643 $ 2,255 $ 3,898 $ 296,102 Total outstanding commitments $ 623,649 $ 8,604 $ 3,560 $ 12,164 $ 635,813 $ 619,224 $ 2,451 $ 2,873 $ 5,324 $ 624,548 (a) Classified rating on consumer loans primarily based on delinquency status. (b) At March 31, 2020, $1.6 billion of GNMA loans 90 days or more past due and $1.6 billion of restructured GNMA loans whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs were classified with a pass rating, compared with $1.7 billion and $1.6 billion at December 31, 2018, respectively. (c) All credit card loans are considered revolving loans. Troubled Debt Restructurings In certain circumstances, the Company may modify the terms of a loan to maximize the collection of amounts due when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties or is expected to experience difficulties in the near-term. Concessionary modifications are classified as TDRs unless the modification results in only an insignificant delay in payments to be received. The Company recognizes interest on TDRs if the borrower complies with the revised terms and conditions as agreed upon with the Company and has demonstrated repayment performance at a level commensurate with the modified terms over several payment cycles, which is generally six months or greater. To the extent a previous restructuring was insignificant, the Company considers the cumulative effect of past restructurings related to the receivable when determining whether a current restructuring is a TDR. The following table provides a summary of loans modified as TDRs during the periods presented by portfolio class: 2020 2019 Three Months Ended March 31 (Dollars in Millions) Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Commercial 999 $ 99 $ 101 913 $ 36 $ 29 Commercial real estate 27 21 21 20 47 46 Residential mortgages 90 10 10 96 14 13 Credit card 8,415 46 47 9,648 50 51 Other retail 655 15 14 573 11 10 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 10,186 191 193 11,250 158 149 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 1,904 266 260 1,538 203 195 Total loans 12,090 $ 457 $ 453 12,788 $ 361 $ 344 Residential mortgages, home equity and second mortgages, and loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools in the table above include trial period arrangements offered to customers during the periods presented. The post-modification balances for these loans reflect the current outstanding balance until a permanent modification is made. In addition, the post-modification balances typically include capitalization of unpaid accrued interest and/or fees under the various modification programs. For those loans modified as TDRs during the first quarter of 2020, at March 31, 2020, 39 residential mortgages, 22 home equity and second mortgage loans and 1,024 loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools with outstanding balances of $5 million, $2 million and $141 million, respectively, were in a trial period and have estimated post-modification balances of $5 million, $2 million and $140 million, respectively, assuming permanent modification occurs at the end of the trial period. The Company has implemented certain restructuring programs that may result in TDRs. However, many of the Company’s TDRs are also determined on a case-by-case For the commercial lending segment, modifications generally result in the Company working with borrowers on a case-by-case Modifications for the consumer lending segment are generally part of programs the Company has initiated. The Company modifies residential mortgage loans under Federal Housing Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, or its own internal programs. Under these programs, the Company offers qualifying homeowners the opportunity to permanently modify their loan and achieve more affordable monthly payments by providing loan concessions. These concessions may include adjustments to interest rates, conversion of adjustable rates to fixed rates, extension of maturity dates or deferrals of payments, capitalization of accrued interest and/or outstanding advances, or in limited situations, partial forgiveness of loan principal. In most instances, participation in residential mortgage loan restructuring programs requires the customer to complete a short-term trial period. A permanent loan modification is contingent on the customer successfully completing the trial period arrangement, and the loan documents are not modified until that time. The Company reports loans in a trial period arrangement as TDRs and continues to report them as TDRs after the trial period. Credit card and other retail loan TDRs are generally part of distinct restructuring programs providing customers experiencing financial difficulty with modifications whereby balances may be amortized up to 60 months, and generally include waiver of fees and reduced interest rates. In addition, the Company considers secured loans to consumer borrowers that have debt discharged through bankruptcy where the borrower has not reaffirmed the debt to be TDRs. Loan modifications or concessions granted to borrowers resulting directly from the effects of the COVID-19 modifications to s COVID-19 The following table provides a summary of TDR loans that defaulted (fully or partially charged-off 2020 2019 Three Months Ended March 31 (Dollars in Millions) Number Amount Number Amount Commercial 287 $ 20 234 $ 5 Commercial real estate 16 10 8 6 Residential mortgages 13 1 96 10 Credit card 2,070 10 2,054 9 Other retail 108 1 147 7 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 2,494 42 2,539 37 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 304 41 124 17 Total loans 2,798 $ 83 2,663 $ 54 In addition to the defaults in the table above, the Company had a total of 137 residential mortgage loans, home equity and second mortgage loans and loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools for the three months ended March 31, 2020, where borrowers did not successfully complete the trial period arrangement and, therefore, are no longer eligible for a permanent modification under the applicable modification program. These loans had aggregate outstanding balances of $19 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had $119 million of commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose terms of their outstanding owed balances have been modified in troubled debt restructurings. |