Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 4 Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses The composition of the loan portfolio, disaggregated by class and underlying specific portfolio type, was as follows: June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in Millions) Amount Percent Amount Percent Commercial Commercial $ 114,621 37.0 % $ 98,168 33.2 % Lease financing 5,640 1.8 5,695 1.9 Total commercial 120,261 38.8 103,863 35.1 Commercial Real Estate Commercial mortgages 30,098 9.7 29,404 9.9 Construction and development 10,978 3.5 10,342 3.5 Total commercial real estate 41,076 13.2 39,746 13.4 Residential Mortgages Residential mortgages 61,169 19.7 59,865 20.2 Home equity loans, first liens 10,160 3.3 10,721 3.6 Total residential mortgages 71,329 23.0 70,586 23.8 Credit Card 21,257 6.8 24,789 8.4 Other Retail Retail leasing 8,412 2.7 8,490 2.9 Home equity and second mortgages 13,932 4.5 15,036 5.1 Revolving credit 2,625 . 8 2,899 1.0 Installment 12,556 4.1 11,038 3.7 Automobile 18,694 6.0 19,435 6.5 Student 193 .1 220 .1 Total other retail 56,412 18.2 57,118 19.3 Total loans $ 310,335 100.0 % $ 296,102 100.0 % The Company had loans of $100.3 billion at June 30, 2020, and $96.2 billion at December 31, 2019, pledged at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and loans of $70.3 billion at June 30, 2020, and $76.3 billion at December 31, 2019, pledged at the Federal Reserve Bank. Originated loans are reported at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned interest and deferred fees and costs, and any partial charge-offs recorded. Net unearned interest and deferred fees and costs amounted to $922 million at June 30, 2020 and $781 million at December 31, 2019. All purchased loans are recorded at fair value at the date of purchase. Beginning January 1, 2020, the Company evaluates purchased loans for more-than-insignificant deterioration at the date of purchase in accordance with applicable authoritative accounting guidance. Purchased loans that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration from origination are considered purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans. All other purchased loans are considered non-purchased The Company offers a broad array of lending products and categorizes its loan portfolio into two segments, which is the level at which it develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine the allowance for credit losses. The Company’s two loan portfolio segments are commercial lending and consumer lending. Allowance for Credit Losses Effective January 1, 2020, the allowance for credit losses is established for current expected credit losses on the Company’s loan and lease portfolio, including unfunded credit commitments. Prior to January 1, 2020, the allowance for credit losses was established based on an incurred loss model. The allowance for credit losses is increased through provisions charged to earnings and reduced by net charge-offs. Management evaluates the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. The allowance considers expected losses for the remaining lives of the applicable assets, inclusive of expected recoveries. Multiple economic scenarios are considered over a three-year reasonable and supportable forecast period, which incorporates historical loss experience in years two and three. After the forecast period, the Company fully reverts to long-term historical loss experience, adjusted for prepayments and characteristics of the current loan and lease portfolio, to estimate losses over the remaining lives. The economic scenarios are updated at least quarterly and are designed to provide a range of reasonable estimates, both better and worse than current expectations. Scenarios are weighted based on the Company’s expectation of future conditions. Final loss estimates also consider factors affecting credit losses not reflected in the scenarios, due to the unique aspects of current conditions and expectations. These factors may include loan servicing practices, regulatory guidance, and/or fiscal and monetary policy actions. The allowance recorded for credit losses utilizes forward-looking expected loss models to consider a variety of factors affecting lifetime credit losses. These factors include loan and borrower characteristics, such as internal risk ratings on commercial loans and consumer credit scores, delinquency status, collateral type and available valuation information, consideration of end-of-term charged-off, The allowance recorded for Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”) loans in the consumer lending segment is determined on a homogenous pool basis utilizing expected cash flows discounted using the original effective interest rate of the pool. TDRs do not include loan modifications granted to customers resulting directly from the economic effects of the COVID-19 Beginning January 1, 2020, when a loan portfolio is purchased, an allowance is established for those loans considered purchased with more-than-insignificant credit deterioration, or PCD loans, and those not considered purchased with more-than-insignificant credit deterioration. The allowance established for each population considers product mix, risk characteristics of the portfolio, bankruptcy experience, delinquency status, refreshed loan-to-value The Company’s methodology for determining the appropriate allowance for credit losses for each loan segment also considers the imprecision inherent in the methodologies used. As a result, amounts determined under the methodologies described above are adjusted by management to consider the potential impact of other qualitative factors which include, but are not limited to, the following: model imprecision, imprecision in economic scenario assumptions, and emerging risks related to either changes in the environment that are affecting specific portfolio segments, or changes in portfolio concentrations over time that may affect model performance. The consideration of these items results in adjustments to allowance amounts included in the Company’s allowance for credit losses specific to each portfolio class. The Company also assesses the credit risk associated with off-balance off-balance Activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio class was as follows: Three Months Ended June 30 (Dollars in Millions) Commercial Commercial Residential Credit Other Total 2020 Balance at beginning of period $ 2,240 $ 841 $ 412 $ 2,012 $ 1,085 $ 6,590 Add Provision for credit losses 516 450 218 373 180 1,737 Deduct Loans charged-off 125 23 3 265 106 522 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (14 ) (1 ) (6 ) (36 ) (28 ) (85 ) Net loans charged-off 111 22 (3 ) 229 78 437 Balance at end of period $ 2,645 $ 1,269 $ 633 $ 2,156 $ 1,187 $ 7,890 2019 Balance at beginning of period $ 1,445 $ 812 $ 445 $ 1,115 $ 634 $ 4,451 Add Provision for credit losses 78 (17 ) (3 ) 244 63 365 Deduct Loans charged-off 98 3 11 262 90 464 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (39 ) (2 ) (7 ) (35 ) (31 ) (114 ) Net loans charged-off 59 1 4 227 59 350 Balance at end of period $ 1,464 $ 794 $ 438 $ 1,132 $ 638 $ 4,466 Six Months Ended June 30 (Dollars in Millions) Commercial Commercial Residential Credit Other Total 2020 Balance at beginning of period $ 1,484 $ 799 $ 433 $ 1,128 $ 647 $ 4,491 Add Change in accounting principle (a) 378 (122 ) (30 ) 872 401 1,499 Provision for credit losses 968 612 228 619 303 2,730 Deduct Loans charged-off 213 23 11 539 227 1,013 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (28 ) (3 ) (13 ) (76 ) (63 ) (183 ) Net loans charged-off 185 20 (2 ) 463 164 830 Balance at end of period $ 2,645 $ 1,269 $ 633 $ 2,156 $ 1,187 $ 7,890 2019 Balance at beginning of period $ 1,454 $ 800 $ 455 $ 1,102 $ 630 $ 4,441 Add Provision for credit losses 142 (5 ) (10 ) 482 133 742 Deduct Loans charged-off 209 4 19 519 186 937 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (77 ) (3 ) (12 ) (67 ) (61 ) (220 ) Net loans charged-off 132 1 7 452 125 717 Balance at end of period $ 1,464 $ 794 $ 438 $ 1,132 $ 638 $ 4,466 (a) Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted accounting guidance which changed impairment recognition of financial instruments to a model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. The increase in the allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2019 to June 30, 2020 reflected the adoption of new accounting guidance and deteriorating economic conditions driven by the impact of COVID-19 Credit Quality The credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolios is assessed as a function of net credit losses, levels of nonperforming assets and delinquencies, and credit quality ratings as defined by the Company. For all loan classes, loans are considered past due based on the number of days delinquent except for monthly amortizing loans which are classified delinquent based upon the number of contractually required payments not made (for example, two missed payments is considered 30 days delinquent). When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid accrued interest is reversed, reducing interest income in the current period. Commercial lending segment loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when the collection of principal and interest has become 90 days past due or is otherwise considered doubtful. Commercial lending segment loans are generally fully or partially charged down to the fair value of the collateral securing the loan, less costs to sell, when the loan is placed on nonaccrual. Consumer lending segment loans are generally charged-off 1-4 charge-off 1-4 family charged-off. charged-off 1-4 charged-off charged-off charge-off. For all loan classes, interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally recorded as a reduction to a loan’s carrying amount while a loan is on nonaccrual and are recognized as interest income upon payoff of the loan. However, interest income may be recognized for interest payments if the remaining carrying amount of the loan is believed to be collectible. In certain circumstances, loans in any class may be restored to accrual status, such as when a loan has demonstrated sustained repayment performance or no amounts are past due and prospects for future payment are no longer in doubt; or when the loan becomes well secured and is in the process of collection. Loans where there has been a partial charge-off charged-off) The following table provides a summary of loans by portfolio class, including the delinquency status of those that continue to accrue interest, and those that are nonperforming: Accruing (Dollars in Millions) Current 30-89 Days 90 Days or Nonperforming (b) Total June 30, 2020 Commercial $ 119,316 $ 399 $ 90 $ 456 $ 120,261 Commercial real estate 40,776 103 2 195 41,076 Residential mortgages (a) 70,731 241 115 242 71,329 Credit card 20,768 230 259 – 21,257 Other retail 55,890 254 90 178 56,412 Total loans $ 307,481 $ 1,227 $ 556 $ 1,071 $ 310,335 December 31, 2019 Commercial $ 103,273 $ 307 $ 79 $ 204 $ 103,863 Commercial real estate 39,627 34 3 82 39,746 Residential mortgages (a) 70,071 154 120 241 70,586 Credit card 24,162 321 306 – 24,789 Other retail 56,463 393 97 165 57,118 Total loans $ 293,596 $ 1,209 $ 605 $ 692 $ 296,102 (a) At June 30, 2020, $656 million of loans 30–89 days past due and $1.7 billion of loans 90 days or more past due purchased from Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, were classified as current, compared with $428 million and $1.7 billion at December 31, 2019, respectively. (b) Substantially all nonperforming loans at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, had an associated allowance for credit losses. The Company recognized interest income on nonperforming loans of $6 million for both the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, and $10 million and $11 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. At June 30, 2020, the amount of foreclosed residential real estate held by the Company, and included in other real estate owned (“OREO”), was $49 million, compared with $74 million at December 31, 2019. These amounts exclude $74 million and $155 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, of foreclosed residential real estate related to mortgage loans whose payments are primarily insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. In addition, the amount of residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate in the process of foreclosure at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, was $1.2 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively, of which $964 million and $1.2 billion, respectively, related to loans purchased from Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. The Company classifies its loan portfolios using internal credit quality ratings on a quarterly basis. These The following table provides a summary of loans by portfolio class and the Company’s internal credit quality rating: June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Criticized Criticized (Dollars in Millions) Pass Special Classified (a) Total Total Pass Special Classified (a) Total Total Commercial Originated in 2020 $ 31,789 $ 1,360 $ 651 $ 2,011 $ 33,800 $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – Originated in 2019 24,882 603 332 935 25,817 33,550 174 222 396 33,946 Originated in 2018 17,201 684 376 1,060 18,261 21,394 420 136 556 21,950 Originated in 2017 8,020 177 256 433 8,453 10,464 165 97 262 10,726 Originated in 2016 3,674 266 57 323 3,997 4,984 10 37 47 5,031 Originated prior to 2016 4,004 53 268 321 4,325 5,151 86 96 182 5,333 Revolving 24,470 678 460 1,138 25,608 26,307 292 278 570 26,877 Total commercial 114,040 3,821 2,400 6,221 120,261 101,850 1,147 866 2,013 103,863 Commercial real estate Originated in 2020 5,903 706 140 846 6,749 – – – – – Originated in 2019 10,813 1,214 228 1,442 12,255 12,976 108 108 216 13,192 Originated in 2018 7,470 826 226 1,052 8,522 9,455 71 56 127 9,582 Originated in 2017 3,773 409 231 640 4,413 5,863 99 64 163 6,026 Originated in 2016 2,644 243 129 372 3,016 3,706 117 60 177 3,883 Originated prior to 2016 3,692 267 153 420 4,112 4,907 78 101 179 5,086 Revolving 1,900 102 7 109 2,009 1,965 11 1 12 1,977 Total commercial real estate 36,195 3,767 1,114 4,881 41,076 38,872 484 390 874 39,746 Residential mortgages (b) Originated in 2020 11,996 1 1 2 11,998 – – – – – Originated in 2019 15,921 3 5 8 15,929 18,819 2 1 3 18,822 Originated in 2018 6,955 1 19 20 6,975 9,204 – 11 11 9,215 Originated in 2017 7,993 1 22 23 8,016 9,605 – 21 21 9,626 Originated in 2016 9,868 – 31 31 9,899 11,378 – 29 29 11,407 Originated prior to 2016 18,192 – 319 319 18,511 21,168 – 348 348 21,516 Revolving 1 – – – 1 – – – – – Total residential mortgages 70,926 6 397 403 71,329 70,174 2 410 412 70,586 Credit card (c) 20,998 – 259 259 21,257 24,483 – 306 306 24,789 Other retail Originated in 2020 8,265 – 3 3 8,268 – – – – – Originated in 2019 13,648 – 22 22 13,670 15,907 – 11 11 15,918 Originated in 2018 8,449 – 29 29 8,478 10,131 – 23 23 10,154 Originated in 2017 5,809 – 27 27 5,836 7,907 – 28 28 7,935 Originated in 2016 2,611 – 16 16 2,627 3,679 – 20 20 3,699 Originated prior to 2016 2,481 – 20 20 2,501 3,274 – 28 28 3,302 Revolving 14,450 – 112 112 14,562 15,509 10 138 148 15,657 Revolving converted to term 438 – 32 32 470 418 – 35 35 453 Total other retail 56,151 – 261 261 56,412 56,825 10 283 293 57,118 Total loans $ 298,310 $ 7,594 $ 4,431 $ 12,025 $ 310,335 $ 292,204 $ 1,643 $ 2,255 $ 3,898 $ 296,102 Total outstanding commitments $ 630,092 $ 10,740 $ 5,301 $ 16,041 $ 646,133 $ 619,224 $ 2,451 $ 2,873 $ 5,324 $ 624,548 (a) Classified rating on consumer loans primarily based on delinquency status. (b) At June 30, 2020, $1.7 billion of GNMA loans 90 days or more past due and $1.5 billion of restructured GNMA loans whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs were classified with a pass rating, compared with $1.7 billion and $1.6 billion at December 31, 2019, respectively. (c) All credit card loans are considered revolving loans. Troubled Debt Restructurings In certain circumstances, the Company may modify the terms of a loan to maximize the collection of amounts due when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties or is expected to experience difficulties in the near-term. Concessionary modifications are classified as TDRs unless the modification results in only an insignificant delay in payments to be received. The Company recognizes interest on TDRs if the borrower complies with the revised terms and conditions as agreed upon with the Company and has demonstrated repayment performance at a level commensurate with the modified terms over several payment cycles, which is generally six months or greater. To the extent a previous restructuring was insignificant, the Company considers the cumulative effect of past restructurings related to the receivable when determining whether a current restructuring The following table provides a summary of loans modified as TDRs during the periods presented by portfolio class: 2020 2019 (Dollars in Millions) Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Three Months Ended June 30 Commercial 1,139 $ 144 $ 115 823 $ 90 $ 86 Commercial real estate 38 39 39 24 25 24 Residential mortgages 121 24 24 105 12 13 Credit card 6,168 37 38 7,941 44 44 Other retail 374 9 8 642 13 13 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 7,840 253 224 9,535 184 180 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 1,009 142 138 1,555 215 208 Total loans 8,849 $ 395 $ 362 11,090 $ 399 $ 388 Six Months Ended June 30 Commercial 2,138 $ 243 $ 216 1,736 $ 126 $ 115 Commercial real estate 65 60 60 44 72 70 Residential mortgages 211 34 34 201 26 26 Credit card 14,583 83 85 17,589 94 95 Other retail 1,029 24 22 1,215 24 23 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 18,026 444 417 20,785 342 329 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 2,913 408 398 3,093 418 403 Total loans 20,939 $ 852 $ 815 23,878 $ 760 $ 732 Residential mortgages, home equity and second mortgages, and loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools in the table above include trial period arrangements offered to customers during the periods presented. The post-modification balances for these loans reflect the current outstanding balance until a permanent modification is made. In addition, the post-modification balances typically include capitalization of unpaid accrued interest and/or fees under the various modification programs. The Company has implemented certain restructuring programs that may result in TDRs. However, many of the Company’s TDRs are also determined on a case-by-case For the commercial lending segment, modifications generally result in the Company working with borrowers on a case Modifications for the consumer lending segment are generally part of programs the Company has initiated. The Company modifies residential mortgage loans under Federal Housing Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, or its own internal programs. Under these programs, the Company offers qualifying homeowners the opportunity to permanently modify their loan and achieve more affordable monthly payments by providing loan concessions. These concessions may include adjustments to interest rates, conversion of adjustable rates to fixed rates, extension of maturity dates or deferrals of payments, capitalization of accrued interest and/or outstanding advances, or in limited situations, partial forgiveness of loan principal. In most instances, participation in residential mortgage loan restructuring programs requires the customer to complete a short-term trial period. A permanent loan modification is contingent on the customer successfully completing the trial period arrangement, and the loan documents are not modified until that time. The Company reports loans in a trial period arrangement as TDRs and continues to report them as TDRs after the trial period. Credit card and other retail loan TDRs are generally part of distinct restructuring programs providing customers experiencing financial difficulty with modifications whereby balances may be amortized up to 60 months, and generally include waiver of fees and reduced interest rates. In addition, the Company considers secured loans to consumer borrowers that have debt discharged through bankruptcy where the borrower has not reaffirmed the debt to be TDRs. Loan modifications or concessions granted to borrowers resulting directly from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, who were otherwise in current payment status, are not considered to be TDRs. COVID-19 The following table provides a summary of TDR loans that defaulted (fully or partially charged-off past 2020 2019 (Dollars in Millions) Number Amount Number Amount Three Months Ended June 30 Commercial 330 $ 8 252 $ 4 Commercial real estate 12 6 7 4 Residential mortgages 5 1 15 3 Credit card 1,736 9 1,922 10 Other retail 82 1 80 1 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 2,165 25 2,276 22 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 51 7 310 43 Total loans 2,216 $ 32 2,586 $ 65 Six Months Ended June 30 Commercial 617 $ 28 486 $ 9 Commercial real estate 28 16 15 10 Residential mortgages 18 2 111 13 Credit card 3,806 19 3,976 19 Other retail 190 2 227 8 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 4,659 67 4,815 59 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 355 48 434 60 Total loans 5,014 $ 115 5,249 $ 119 In addition to the defaults in the table above, the Company had a total of 104 and 241 residential mortgage loans, home equity and second mortgage loans and loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, where borrowers did not successfully complete the trial period arrangement and, therefore, are no longer eligible for a permanent modification under the applicable modification program. These loans had aggregate outstanding balances of $15 million and $34 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had $116 million of commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose terms of their outstanding owed balances have been modified in troubled debt restructurings. |