Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 4 Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses The composition of the loan portfolio, disaggregated by class and underlying specific portfolio type, was as follows: March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 (Dollars in Millions) Amount Percent Amount Percent Commercial Commercial $ 98,847 33.6 % $ 97,315 32.7 % Lease financing 5,311 1.8 5,556 1.9 Total commercial 104,158 35.4 102,871 34.6 Commercial Real Estate Commercial mortgages 27,649 9.4 28,472 9.6 Construction and development 10,783 3.6 10,839 3.6 Total commercial real estate 38,432 13.0 39,311 13.2 Residential Mortgages Residential mortgages 64,238 21.8 66,525 22.4 Home equity loans, first liens 9,386 3.2 9,630 3.2 Total residential mortgages 73,624 25.0 76,155 25.6 Credit Card 20,872 7.1 22,346 7.5 Other Retail Retail leasing 7,880 2.7 8,150 2.7 Home equity and second mortgages 11,679 4.0 12,472 4.2 Revolving credit 2,536 . 9 2,688 . 9 Installment 14,562 4.9 13,823 4.6 Automobile 20,527 7.0 19,722 6.6 Student 157 – 169 . 1 Total other retail 57,341 19.5 57,024 19.1 Total loans $ 294,427 100.0 % $ 297,707 100.0 % The Company had loans of $94.4 billion at March 31, 2021, and $96.1 billion at December 31, 2020, pledged at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and loans of $65.4 billion at March 31, 2021, and $67.8 billion at December 31, 2020, pledged at the Federal Reserve Bank. Originated loans are reported at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned interest and deferred fees and costs, and any partial charge-offs recorded. Net unearned interest and deferred fees and costs amounted to $849 million at March 31, 2021 and $763 million at December 31, 2020. All purchased loans are recorded at fair value at the date of purchase. Beginning January 1, 2020, the Company evaluates purchased loans for more-than-insignificant deterioration at the date of purchase in accordance with applicable authoritative accounting guidance. Purchased loans that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration from origination are considered purchased credit deteriorated loans. All other purchased loans are considered non-purchased Allowance for Credit Losses Beginning January 1, 2020, the allowance for credit losses is established for current expected credit losses on the Company’s loan and lease portfolio, including unfunded credit commitments. The allowance considers expected losses for the remaining lives of the applicable assets, inclusive of expected recoveries. The allowance for credit losses is increased through provisions charged to earnings and reduced by net charge-offs. Management evaluates the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. Multiple economic scenarios are considered over a three-year reasonable and supportable forecast period, which includes increasing consideration of historical loss experience over years two and three. These economic scenarios are constructed with interrelated projections of multiple economic variables, and loss estimates are produced that consider the historical correlation of those economic variables with credit losses. After the forecast period, the Company fully reverts to long-term historical loss experience, adjusted for prepayments and characteristics of the current loan and lease portfolio, to estimate losses over the remaining life of the portfolio. The economic scenarios are updated at least quarterly and are designed to provide a range of reasonable estimates, both better and worse than current expectations. Scenarios are weighted based on the Company’s expectation of economic conditions for the foreseeable future and reflect significant judgment and consider uncertainties that exist. Final loss estimates also consider factors affecting credit losses not reflected in the scenarios, due to the unique aspects of current conditions and expectations. These factors may include, but are not limited to, loan servicing practices, regulatory guidance, and/or fiscal and monetary policy actions. The allowance recorded for credit losses utilizes forward-looking expected loss models to consider a variety of factors affecting lifetime credit losses. These factors include, but are not limited to, macroeconomic variables such as unemployment rate, real estate prices, gross domestic product levels, corporate bonds spreads and long-term interest rate forecasts, as well as loan and borrower characteristics, such as internal risk ratings on commercial loans and consumer credit scores, delinquency status, collateral type and available valuation information, consideration of end-of-term charged-off The allowance recorded for Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”) loans in the consumer lending segment is determined on a homogenous pool basis utilizing expected cash flows discounted using the original effective interest rate of the pool. TDRs generally do not include loan modifications granted to customers resulting directly from the economic effects of the COVID-19 Beginning January 1, 2020, when a loan portfolio is purchased, the acquired loans are divided into those considered purchased with more than insignificant credit deterioration (“PCD”) and those not considered purchased with more than insignificant credit deterioration. An allowance is established for each population and considers product mix, risk characteristics of the portfolio, bankruptcy experience, delinquency status and refreshed LTV ratios when possible. The allowance established for purchased loans not considered PCD is recognized through provision expense upon acquisition, whereas the allowance established for loans considered PCD at acquisition is offset by an increase in the basis of the acquired loans. Any subsequent increases and decreases in the allowance related to purchased loans, regardless of PCD status, are recognized through provision expense, with charge-offs charged to the allowance. The Company did not have a material amount of PCD loans included in its loan portfolio at March 31, 2021. The Company’s methodology for determining the appropriate allowance for credit losses also considers the imprecision inherent in the methodologies used and allocated to the various loan portfolios. As a result, amounts determined under the methodologies described above, are adjusted by management to consider the potential impact of other qualitative factors not captured in the quantitative model adjustments which include, but are not limited to the following: model imprecision, imprecision in economic scenario assumptions, and emerging risks related to either changes in the environment that are affecting specific portfolios, or changes in portfolio concentrations over time that may affect model performance. The consideration of these items results in adjustments to allowance amounts included in the Company’s allowance for credit losses for each loan portfolio. The Company also assesses the credit risk associated with off-balance off-balance Prior to January 1, 2020, the allowance for credit losses was established based on an incurred loss model. The allowance recorded for loans in the commercial lending segment was based on the migration analysis of commercial loans and actual loss experience. The allowance recorded for loans in the consumer lending segment was determined on a homogenous pool basis and primarily included consideration of delinquency status and historical losses. In addition to the amounts determined under the methodologies described above, management also considered the potential impact of qualitative factors. Activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio class was as follows: (Dollars in Millions) Commercial Commercial Residential Credit Other Total Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 2,423 $ 1,544 $ 573 $ 2,355 $ 1,115 $ 8,010 Add Provision for credit losses (435 ) (19 ) (39 ) (259 ) (75 ) (827 ) Deduct Loans charged-off 86 10 5 190 83 374 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (30 ) (17 ) (10 ) (46 ) (48 ) (151 ) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries ) 56 (7 ) (5 ) 144 35 223 Balance at March 31, 2021 $ 1,932 $ 1,532 $ 539 $ 1,952 $ 1,005 $ 6,960 Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 1,484 $ 799 $ 433 $ 1,128 $ 647 $ 4,491 Add Change in accounting principle (a) 378 (122 ) (30 ) 872 401 1,499 Provision for credit losses 452 162 10 246 123 993 Deduct Loans charged-off 88 – 8 274 121 491 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (14 ) (2 ) (7 ) (40 ) (35 ) (98 ) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries ) 74 (2 ) 1 234 86 393 Balance at March 31, 2020 $ 2,240 $ 841 $ 412 $ 2,012 $ 1,085 $ 6,590 (a) Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted accounting guidance which changed impairment recognition of financial instruments to a model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2020 to March 31, 2021 reflected factors affecting economic conditions during the first quarter of 2021, including the enactment of additional benefits from government stimulus programs, vaccine availability in the United States and reduced levels of new COVID-19 Credit Quality The credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolios is assessed as a function of net credit losses, levels of nonperforming assets and delinquencies, and credit quality ratings as defined by the Company. For all loan portfolio classes, loans are considered past due based on the number of days delinquent except for monthly amortizing loans which are classified delinquent based upon the number of contractually required payments not made (for example, two missed payments is considered 30 days delinquent). When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid accrued interest is reversed, reducing interest income in the current period. Commercial lending segment loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when the collection of principal and interest has become 90 days past due or is otherwise considered doubtful. Commercial lending segment loans are generally fully or partially charged down to the fair value of the collateral securing the loan, less costs to sell, when the loan is placed on nonaccrual. Consumer lending segment loans are generally charged-off 1-4 charge-off 1-4 charged-off. charged-off 1-4 charged-off charged-off charge-off. For all loan classes, interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally recorded as a reduction to a loan’s carrying amount while a loan is on nonaccrual and are recognized as interest income upon payoff of the loan. However, interest income may be recognized for interest payments if the remaining carrying amount of the loan is believed to be collectible. In certain circumstances, loans in any class may be restored to accrual status, such as when a loan has demonstrated sustained repayment performance or no amounts are past due and prospects for future payment charge-off charged-off) The following table provides a summary of loans by portfolio class, including the delinquency status of those that continue to accrue interest, and those that are nonperforming: Accruing (Dollars in Millions) Current 30-89 Days 90 Days or Nonperforming (b) Total March 31, 2021 Commercial $ 103,557 $ 193 $ 61 $ 347 $ 104,158 Commercial real estate 37,953 119 4 356 38,432 Residential mortgages (a) 73,024 204 143 253 73,624 Credit card 20,486 188 198 – 20,872 Other retail 56,878 221 70 172 57,341 Total loans $ 291,898 $ 925 $ 476 $ 1,128 $ 294,427 December 31, 2020 Commercial $ 102,127 $ 314 $ 55 $ 375 $ 102,871 Commercial real estate 38,676 183 2 450 39,311 Residential mortgages (a) 75,529 244 137 245 76,155 Credit card 21,918 231 197 – 22,346 Other retail 56,466 318 86 154 57,024 Total loans $ 294,716 $ 1,290 $ 477 $ 1,224 $ 297,707 (a) At March 31, 2021, $1.5 billion of loans 30–89 days past due and $1.7 billion of loans 90 days or more past due purchased from Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, were classified as current, compared with $1.4 billion and $1.8 billion at December 31, 2020, respectively. (b) Substantially all nonperforming loans at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, had an associated allowance for credit losses. The Company recognized interest income on nonperforming loans of $3 million and $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. At March 31, 2021, the amount of foreclosed residential real estate held by the Company, and included in OREO, was $18 million, compared with $23 million at December 31, 2020. These amounts excluded $29 million and $33 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, of foreclosed residential real estate related to mortgage loans whose payments are primarily insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. In addition, the amount of residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate in the process of foreclosure at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, was $936 million and $1.0 billion, respectively, of which $756 million and $812 million, respectively, related to loans purchased from Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. The Company classifies its loan portfolio classes using internal credit quality ratings on a quarterly basis. These ratings include pass, special mention and classified, and are an important part of the Company’s overall credit risk management process and evaluation of the allowance for credit losses. Loans with a pass rating represent those loans not classified on the Company’s rating scale for problem credits, as minimal credit risk has been identified. Special mention loans are those loans that have a potential weakness deserving management’s close attention. Classified loans are those loans where a well-defined weakness has been identified that may put full collection of contractual cash flows at risk. It is possible that others, given the same information, may reach different reasonable conclusions regarding the credit quality rating classification of specific loans. The following table provides a summary of loans by portfolio class and the Company’s internal credit quality rating: March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Criticized Criticized (Dollars in Millions) Pass Special Mention Classified (a) Total Total Pass Special Classified (a) Total Total Commercial Originated in 2021 $ 12,604 $ 313 $ 218 $ 531 $ 13,135 $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – Originated in 2020 28,890 1,003 1,302 2,305 31,195 34,557 1,335 1,753 3,088 37,645 Originated in 2019 15,710 351 223 574 16,284 17,867 269 349 618 18,485 Originated in 2018 10,909 372 151 523 11,432 12,349 351 176 527 12,876 Originated in 2017 4,658 81 181 262 4,920 5,257 117 270 387 5,644 Originated prior to 2017 4,133 168 73 241 4,374 4,954 128 115 243 5,197 Revolving 22,377 206 235 441 22,818 22,445 299 280 579 23,024 Total commercial 99,281 2,494 2,383 4,877 104,158 97,429 2,499 2,943 5,442 102,871 Commercial real estate Originated in 2021 2,368 39 408 447 2,815 – – – – – Originated in 2020 8,889 336 901 1,237 10,126 9,446 461 1,137 1,598 11,044 Originated in 2019 8,788 450 947 1,397 10,185 9,514 454 1,005 1,459 10,973 Originated in 2018 5,296 373 499 872 6,168 6,053 411 639 1,050 7,103 Originated in 2017 2,375 141 350 491 2,866 2,650 198 340 538 3,188 Originated prior to 2017 4,272 151 161 312 4,584 4,762 240 309 549 5,311 Revolving 1,457 5 226 231 1,688 1,445 9 238 247 1,692 Total commercial real estate 33,445 1,495 3,492 4,987 38,432 33,870 1,773 3,668 5,441 39,311 Residential mortgages (b) Originated in 2021 4,208 – – – 4,208 – – – – – Originated in 2020 22,053 – 5 5 22,058 23,262 1 3 4 23,266 Originated in 2019 12,084 1 23 24 12,108 13,969 1 17 18 13,987 Originated in 2018 4,989 1 25 26 5,015 5,670 1 22 23 5,693 Originated in 2017 6,091 1 22 23 6,114 6,918 1 24 25 6,943 Originated prior to 2017 23,782 3 335 338 24,120 25,921 2 342 344 26,265 Revolving 1 – – – 1 1 – – – 1 Total residential mortgages 73,208 6 410 416 73,624 75,741 6 408 414 76,155 Credit card (c) 20,674 – 198 198 20,872 22,149 – 197 197 22,346 Other retail Originated in 2021 5,690 – 1 1 5,691 – – – – – Originated in 2020 15,954 – 6 6 15,960 17,589 – 7 7 17,596 Originated in 2019 10,351 – 16 16 10,367 11,605 – 23 23 11,628 Originated in 2018 5,822 – 20 20 5,842 6,814 – 27 27 6,841 Originated in 2017 3,106 – 14 14 3,120 3,879 – 22 22 3,901 Originated prior to 2017 3,134 – 18 18 3,152 3,731 – 29 29 3,760 Revolving 12,536 – 135 135 12,671 12,647 – 110 110 12,757 Revolving converted to term 495 – 43 43 538 503 – 38 38 541 Total other retail 57,088 – 253 253 57,341 56,768 – 256 256 57,024 Total loans $ 283,696 $ 3,995 $ 6,736 $ 10,731 $ 294,427 $ 285,957 $ 4,278 $ 7,472 $ 11,750 $ 297,707 Total outstanding commitments $ 629,280 $ 8,140 $ 9,239 $ 17,379 $ 646,659 $ 627,606 $ 8,772 $ 9,374 $ 18,146 $ 645,752 Note: Year of origination is based on the origination date of a loan or the date when the maturity date, pricing or commitment amount is amended. (a) Classified rating on consumer loans primarily based on delinquency status. (b) At March 31, 2021, $1.7 billion of GNMA loans 90 days or more past due and $1.3 billion of restructured GNMA loans whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs were classified with a pass rating, compared with $1.8 billion and $1.4 billion at December 31, 2020, respectively. (c) All credit card loans are considered revolving loans. Troubled Debt Restructurings In certain circumstances, the Company may modify the terms of a loan to maximize the collection of amounts due when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties or is expected to experience difficulties in the near-term. Concessionary modifications are classified as TDRs unless the modification results in only an insignificant delay in payments to be received. The Company recognizes interest on TDRs if the borrower complies with the revised terms and conditions as agreed upon with the Company and has demonstrated repayment performance at a level commensurate with the modified terms over several payment cycles, which is generally six months or greater. To the extent a previous restructuring was insignificant, the Company considers the cumulative effect of past restructurings related to the receivable when determining whether a current restructuring is a TDR. The following table provides a summary of loans modified as TDRs for the periods presented by portfolio class: 2021 2020 Three Months Ended March 31 (Dollars in Millions) Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Commercial 704 $ 75 $ 60 999 $ 99 $ 101 Commercial real estate 56 86 71 27 21 21 Residential mortgages 336 104 104 90 10 10 Credit card 5,786 33 34 8,415 46 47 Other retail 1,325 37 32 655 15 14 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 8,207 335 301 10,186 191 193 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 559 87 89 1,904 266 260 Total loans 8,766 $ 422 $ 390 12,090 $ 457 $ 453 Residential mortgages, home equity and second mortgages, and loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools in the table above include trial period arrangements offered to customers during the periods presented. The post-modification balances for these loans reflect the current outstanding balance until a permanent modification is made. In addition, the post-modification balances typically include capitalization of unpaid accrued interest and/or fees under the various modification programs. At March 31, 2021, 89 residential mortgages, 33 home equity and second mortgage loans and 304 loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools with outstanding balances of $28 million, $2 million and $52 million, respectively, were in a trial period and have estimated post-modification balances of $28 million, $2 million and $53 million, respectively, assuming permanent modification occurs at the end of the trial period. The Company has implemented certain restructuring programs that may result in TDRs. However, many of the Company’s TDRs are also determined on a case-by-case For the commercial lending segment, modifications generally result in the Company working with borrowers on a case-by-case Modifications for the consumer lending segment are generally part of programs the Company has initiated. The Company modifies residential mortgage loans under Federal Housing Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, or its own internal programs. Under these programs, the Company offers qualifying homeowners the opportunity to permanently modify their loan and achieve more affordable monthly payments by providing loan concessions. These concessions may include adjustments to interest rates, conversion of adjustable rates to fixed rates, extension of maturity dates or deferrals of payments, capitalization of accrued interest and/or outstanding advances, or in limited situations, partial forgiveness of loan principal. In most instances, participation in residential mortgage loan restructuring programs requires the customer to complete a short-term trial period. A permanent loan modification is contingent on the customer successfully completing the trial period arrangement, and the loan documents are not modified until that time. The Company reports loans in a trial period arrangement as TDRs and continues to report them as TDRs after the trial period. Credit card and other retail loan TDRs are generally part of distinct restructuring programs providing customers experiencing financial difficulty with modifications whereby balances may be amortized up to 60 months, and generally include waiver of fees and reduced interest rates. In addition, the Company considers secured loans to consumer borrowers that have debt discharged through bankruptcy where the borrower has not reaffirmed the debt to be TDRs. Loan modifications or concessions granted to borrowers resulting directly from the effects of the COVID-19 COVID-19 The following table provides a summary of TDR loans that defaulted (fully or partially charged-off 2021 2020 Three Months Ended March 31 (Dollars in Millions) Number Amount Number Amount Commercial 285 $ 16 287 $ 20 Commercial real estate 7 5 16 10 Residential mortgages 15 2 13 1 Credit card 1,764 9 2,070 10 Other retail 280 5 108 1 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 2,351 37 2,494 42 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 30 4 304 41 Total loans 2,381 $ 41 2,798 $ 83 In addition to the defaults in the table above, the Company had a total of 19 residential mortgage loans, home equity and second mortgage loans and loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools for the three months ended March 31, 2021, where borrowers did not successfully complete the trial period arrangement and, therefore, are no longer eligible for a permanent modification under the applicable modification program. These loans had aggregate outstanding balances of $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had $134 million of commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose terms of their outstanding owed balances have been modified in TDRs. |