Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 4 Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses The composition of the loan portfolio, disaggregated by class and underlying specific portfolio type, was as follows: June 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 (Dollars in Millions) Amount Percent Amount Percent Commercial Commercial $ 98,232 33.1 % $ 97,315 32.7 % Lease financing 5,289 1.8 5,556 1.9 Total commercial 103,521 34.9 102,871 34.6 Commercial Real Estate Commercial mortgages 28,017 9.5 28,472 9.6 Construction and development 10,753 3.6 10,839 3.6 Total commercial real estate 38,770 13.1 39,311 13.2 Residential Mortgages Residential mortgages 64,168 21.6 66,525 22.4 Home equity loans, first liens 9,198 3.1 9,630 3.2 Total residential mortgages 73,366 24.7 76,155 25.6 Credit Card 21,816 7.3 22,346 7.5 Other Retail Retail leasing 7,799 2.6 8,150 2.7 Home equity and second mortgages 11,163 3.8 12,472 4.2 Revolving credit 2,628 .9 2,688 .9 Installment 15,632 5.3 13,823 4.6 Automobile 22,070 7.4 19,722 6.6 Student 147 – 169 .1 Total other retail 59,439 20.0 57,024 19.1 Total loans $ 296,912 100.0 % $ 297,707 100.0 % The Company had loans of $87.7 billion at June 30, 2021, and $96.1 billion at December 31, 2020, pledged at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and loans of $68.9 billion at June 30, 2021, and $67.8 billion at December 31, 2020, pledged at the Federal Reserve Bank. Originated loans are reported at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned interest and deferred fees and costs, and any partial charge-offs recorded. Net unearned interest and deferred fees and costs amounted to $789 million at June 30, 2021 and $763 million at December 31, 2020. All purchased loans are recorded at fair value at the date of purchase. Beginning January 1, 2020, the Company evaluates purchased loans for more-than-insignificant deterioration at the date of purchase in accordance with applicable authoritative accounting guidance. Purchased loans that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration from origination are considered purchased credit deteriorated loans. All other purchased loans are considered non-purchased Allowance for Credit Losses Beginning January 1, 2020, the allowance for credit losses is established for current expected credit losses on the Company’s loan and lease portfolio, including unfunded credit commitments. The allowance considers expected losses for the remaining lives of the applicable assets, inclusive of expected recoveries. The allowance for credit losses is increased through provisions charged to earnings and reduced by net charge-offs. Management evaluates the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. Multiple economic scenarios are considered over a three-year reasonable and supportable forecast period, which includes increasing consideration of historical loss experience over years two and three. These economic scenarios are constructed with interrelated projections of multiple economic variables, and loss estimates are produced that consider the historical correlation of those economic variables with credit losses. After the forecast period, the Company fully reverts to long-term historical loss experience, adjusted for prepayments and characteristics of the current loan and lease portfolio, to estimate losses over the remaining life of the portfolio. The economic scenarios are updated at least quarterly and are designed to provide a range of reasonable estimates from better to worse than current expectations. Scenarios are weighted based on the Company’s expectation of economic conditions for the foreseeable future and reflect significant judgment and consideration of uncertainties that exist. Final loss estimates also consider factors affecting credit losses not reflected in the scenarios, due to the unique aspects of current conditions and expectations. These factors may include, but are not limited to, loan servicing practices, regulatory guidance, and/or fiscal and monetary policy actions. The allowance recorded for credit losses utilizes forward-looking expected loss models to consider a variety of factors affecting lifetime credit losses. These factors include, but are not limited to, macroeconomic variables such as unemployment rate, real estate prices, gross domestic product levels and corporate bonds spreads, as well as loan and borrower characteristics, such as internal risk ratings on commercial loans and consumer credit scores, delinquency status, collateral type and available valuation information, consideration of end-of-term charged-off than $ million in the commercial lending segment is based on an analysis utilizing expected cash flows discounted using the original effective interest rate, the observable market price of the loan, or the fair value of the c The allowance recorded for Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”) loans in the consumer lending segment is determined on a homogenous pool basis utilizing expected cash flows discounted using the original effective interest rate of the pool. TDRs generally do not include loan modifications granted to customers resulting directly from the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, who were otherwise in current payment status. The expected cash flows on TDR loans consider subsequent payment defaults since modification, the borrower’s ability to pay under the restructured terms, and the timing and amount of payments. The allowance for collateral-dependent loans in the consumer lending segment is determined based on the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell. With respect to the commercial lending segment, TDRs may be collectively evaluated for impairment where observed performance history, including defaults, is a primary driver of the loss allocation. For commercial TDRs individually evaluated for impairment, attributes of the borrower are the primary factors in determining the allowance for credit losses. However, historical loss experience is also incorporated into the allowance methodology applied to this category of loans. Beginning January 1, 2020, when a loan portfolio is purchased, the acquired loans are divided into those considered purchased with more than insignificant credit deterioration (“PCD”) and those not considered purchased with more than insignificant credit deterioration. An allowance is established for each population and considers product mix, risk characteristics of the portfolio, bankruptcy experience, delinquency status and refreshed LTV ratios when possible. The allowance established for purchased loans not considered PCD is recognized through provision expense upon acquisition, whereas the allowance established for loans considered PCD at acquisition is offset by an increase in the basis of the acquired loans. Any subsequent increases and decreases in the allowance related to purchased loans, regardless of PCD status, are recognized through provision expense, with charge-offs charged to the allowance. The Company did not have a material amount of PCD loans included in its loan portfolio at June 30, 2021. The Company’s methodology for determining the appropriate allowance for credit losses also considers the imprecision inherent in the methodologies used and allocated to the various loan portfolios. As a result, amounts determined under the methodologies described above, are adjusted by management to consider the potential impact of other qualitative factors not captured in the quantitative model adjustments which include, but are not limited to the following: model imprecision, imprecision in economic scenario assumptions, and emerging risks related to either changes in the environment that are affecting specific portfolios, or changes in portfolio concentrations over time that may affect model performance. The consideration of these items results in adjustments to allowance amounts included in the Company’s allowance for credit losses for each loan portfolio. The Company also assesses the credit risk associated with off-balance off-balance Prior to January 1, 2020, the allowance for credit losses was established based on an incurred loss model. The allowance recorded for loans in the commercial lending segment was based on the migration analysis of commercial loans and actual loss experience. The allowance recorded for loans in the consumer lending segment was determined on a homogenous pool basis and primarily included consideration of delinquency status and historical losses. In addition to the amounts determined under the methodologies described above, management also considered the potential impact of qualitative factors. Activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio class was as follows: Three Months Ended June 30 (Dollars in Millions) Commercial Commercial Residential Credit Other Total 2021 Balance at beginning of period $1,932 $1,532 $539 $1,952 $1,005 $6,960 Add Provision for credit losses (67 ) (123 ) (71 ) 87 4 (170 ) Deduct Loans charged-off 58 4 5 192 55 314 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (31 ) (4 ) (15 ) (44 ) (40 ) (134 ) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 27 – (10 ) 148 15 180 Balance at end of period $1,838 $1,409 $478 $1,891 $ 994 $6,610 2020 Balance at beginning of period $2,240 $ 841 $412 $2,012 $1,085 $6,590 Add Provision for credit losses 516 450 218 373 180 1,737 Deduct Loans charged-off 125 23 3 265 106 522 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (14 ) (1 ) (6 ) (36 ) (28 ) (85 ) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 111 22 (3 ) 229 78 437 Balance at end of period $2,645 $1,269 $633 $2,156 $1,187 $7,890 Six Months Ended June 30 (Dollars in Millions) Commercial Commercial Residential Credit Other Total 2021 Balance at beginning of period $2,423 $1,544 $573 $2,355 $1,115 $8,010 Add Provision for credit losses (502 ) (142 ) (110 ) (172 ) (71 ) (997 ) Deduct Loans charged-off 144 14 10 382 138 688 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (61 ) (21 ) (25 ) (90 ) (88 ) (285 ) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 83 (7 ) (15 ) 292 50 403 Balance at end of period $1,838 $1,409 $478 $1,891 $ 994 $6,610 2020 Balance at beginning of period $1,484 $799 $433 $1,128 $647 $4,491 Add Change in accounting principle (a) 378 (122 ) (30 ) 872 401 1,499 Provision for credit losses 968 612 228 619 303 2,730 Deduct Loans charged-off 213 23 11 539 227 1,013 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (28 ) (3 ) (13 ) (76 ) (63 ) (183 ) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 185 20 (2 ) 463 164 830 Balance at end of period $2,645 $1,269 $633 $2,156 $1,187 $7,890 (a) Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted accounting guidance which changed impairment recognition of financial instruments to a model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2020 to June 30, 2021 reflected factors affecting economic conditions during the first six months of 2021, including the enactment of additional benefits from government stimulus programs, vaccine availability in the United States and reduced levels of new COVID-19 cases, which have contributed to an economic recovery. Credit Quality The credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolios is assessed as a function of net credit losses, levels of nonperforming assets and delinquencies, and credit quality ratings as defined by the Company. For all loan portfolio classes, loans are considered past due based on the number of days delinquent except for monthly amortizing loans which are classified delinquent based upon the number of contractually required payments not made (for example, two missed payments is considered 30 days delinquent). When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid accrued interest is reversed, reducing interest income in the current period. Commercial lending segment loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when the collection of principal and interest has become 90 days past due or is otherwise considered doubtful. Commercial lending segment loans are generally fully or partially charged down to the fair value of the collateral securing the loan, less costs to sell, when the loan is placed on nonaccrual. Consumer lending segment loans are generally charged-off 1-4 value of the collateral securing the loan, less costs to sell, at 180 days past due. Residential mortgage loans and lines in a first lien position are placed on nonaccrual status in instances where a partial charge-off 1-4 charged-off. charged-off 1-4 charged-off charged-off charge-off. For all loan classes, interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally recorded as a reduction to a loan’s carrying amount while a loan is on nonaccrual and are recognized as interest income upon payoff of the loan. However, interest income may be recognized for interest payments if the remaining carrying amount of the loan is believed to be collectible. In certain circumstances, loans in any class may be restored to accrual status, such as when a loan has demonstrated sustained repayment performance or no amounts are past due and prospects for future payment are no longer in doubt; or when the loan becomes well secured and is in the process of collection. Loans where there has been a partial charge-off charged-off) The following table provides a summary of loans by portfolio class, including the delinquency status of those that continue to accrue interest, and those that are nonperforming: Accruing (Dollars in Millions) Current 30-89 Days 90 Days or Nonperforming (b) Total June 30, 2021 Commercial $ 103,019 $ 171 $ 40 $ 291 $103,521 Commercial real estate 38,423 32 3 312 38,770 Residential mortgages (a) 72,830 174 118 244 73,366 Credit card 21,506 157 153 – 21,816 Other retail 59,003 203 62 171 59,439 Total loans $ 294,781 $ 737 $376 $1,018 $296,912 December 31, 2020 Commercial $ 102,127 $ 314 $ 55 $ 375 $102,871 Commercial real estate 38,676 183 2 450 39,311 Residential mortgages (a) 75,529 244 137 245 76,155 Credit card 21,918 231 197 – 22,346 Other retail 56,466 318 86 154 57,024 Total loans $ 294,716 $1,290 $477 $1,224 $297,707 (a) At June 30, 2021, $1.3 billion of loans 30–89 days past due and $1.7 billion of loans 90 days or more past due purchased from Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, were classified as current, compared with $1.4 billion and $1.8 billion at December 31, 2020, respectively. (b) Substantially all nonperforming loans at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, had an associated allowance for credit losses. The Company recognized interest income on nonperforming loans of $4 million and $6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $7 million and $10 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. At June 30, 2021, the amount of foreclosed residential real estate held by the Company, and included in other real estate owned (“OREO”), was $17 million, compared with $23 million at December 31, 2020. These amounts excluded $24 million and $33 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, of foreclosed residential real estate related to mortgage loans whose payments are primarily insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. In addition, the amount of residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate in the process of foreclosure at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, was $865 million and $1.0 billion, respectively, of which $697 million and $812 million, respectively, related to loans purchased from Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. The Company classifies its loan portfolio classes using internal credit quality ratings on a quarterly basis. These ratings include pass, special mention and classified, and are an important part of the Company’s overall credit risk management process and evaluation of the allowance for credit losses. Loans with a pass rating represent those loans not classified on the Company’s rating scale for problem credits, as minimal credit risk has been identified. Special mention loans are those loans that have a potential weakness deserving management’s close attention. Classified loans are those loans where a well-defined weakness has been identified that may put full collection of contractual cash flows at risk. It is possible that others, given the same information, may reach different reasonable conclusions regarding the credit quality rating classification of specific loans. The following table provides a summary of loans by portfolio class and the Company’s internal credit quality rating: June 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Criticized Criticized (Dollars in Millions) Pass Special Classified (a) Total Total Pass Special Classified (a) Total Total Commercial Originated in 2021 $23,974 $ 453 $ 205 $ 658 $ 24,632 $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – Originated in 2020 22,215 981 547 1,528 23,743 34,557 1,335 1,753 3,088 37,645 Originated in 2019 13,662 245 72 317 13,979 17,867 269 349 618 18,485 Originated in 2018 9,217 145 92 237 9,454 12,349 351 176 527 12,876 Originated in 2017 3,874 14 63 77 3,951 5,257 117 270 387 5,644 Originated prior to 2017 3,544 78 56 134 3,678 4,954 128 115 243 5,197 Revolving 23,809 90 185 275 24,084 22,445 299 280 579 23,024 Total commercial 100,295 2,006 1,220 3,226 103,521 97,429 2,499 2,943 5,442 102,871 Commercial real estate Originated in 2021 5,911 74 693 767 6,678 – – – – – Originated in 2020 8,917 167 532 699 9,616 9,446 461 1,137 1,598 11,044 Originated in 2019 8,148 444 790 1,234 9,382 9,514 454 1,005 1,459 10,973 Originated in 2018 4,211 275 431 706 4,917 6,053 411 639 1,050 7,103 Originated in 2017 2,150 94 254 348 2,498 2,650 198 340 538 3,188 Originated prior to 2017 3,763 80 110 190 3,953 4,762 240 309 549 5,311 Revolving 1,515 6 205 211 1,726 1,445 9 238 247 1,692 Total commercial real estate 34,615 1,140 3,015 4,155 38,770 33,870 1,773 3,668 5,441 39,311 Residential mortgages (b) Originated in 2021 11,717 – – – 11,717 – – – – – Originated in 2020 20,412 – 5 5 20,417 23,262 1 3 4 23,266 Originated in 2019 10,173 1 18 19 10,192 13,969 1 17 18 13,987 Originated in 2018 4,149 1 22 23 4,172 5,670 1 22 23 5,693 Originated in 2017 5,224 – 19 19 5,243 6,918 1 24 25 6,943 Originated prior to 2017 21,305 3 316 319 21,624 25,921 2 342 344 26,265 Revolving 1 – – – 1 1 – – – 1 Total residential mortgages 72,981 5 380 385 73,366 75,741 6 408 414 76,155 Credit card (c) 21,663 – 153 153 21,816 22,149 – 197 197 22,346 Other retail Originated in 2021 12,435 – 2 2 12,437 – – – – – Originated in 2020 14,505 – 7 7 14,512 17,589 – 7 7 17,596 Originated in 2019 9,163 – 16 16 9,179 11,605 – 23 23 11,628 Originated in 2018 4,844 – 18 18 4,862 6,814 – 27 27 6,841 Originated in 2017 2,509 – 12 12 2,521 3,879 – 22 22 3,901 Originated prior to 2017 2,632 – 17 17 2,649 3,731 – 29 29 3,760 Revolving 12,618 – 131 131 12,749 12,647 – 110 110 12,757 Revolving converted to term 485 – 45 45 530 503 – 38 38 541 Total other retail 59,191 – 248 248 59,439 56,768 – 256 256 57,024 Total loans $288,745 $3,151 $5,016 $ 8,167 $296,912 $285,957 $4,278 $7,472 $11,750 $297,707 Total outstanding commitments $636,535 $6,624 $7,069 $13,693 $650,228 $627,606 $8,772 $9,374 $18,146 $645,752 Note: Year of origination is based on the origination date of a loan or the date when the maturity date, pricing or commitment amount is amended. (a) Classified rating on consumer loans primarily based on delinquency status. (b) At June 30, 2021, $1.7 billion of GNMA loans 90 days or more past due and $1.2 billion of restructured GNMA loans whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs were classified with a pass rating, compared with $1.8 billion and $1.4 billion at December 31, 2020, respectively. (c) All credit card loans are considered revolving loans. Troubled Debt Restructurings In certain circumstances, the Company may modify the terms of a loan to maximize the collection of amounts due when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties or is expected to experience difficulties in the near-term. Concessionary modifications are classified as TDRs unless the modification results in only an insignificant delay in payments to be received. The Company recognizes interest on TDRs if the borrower complies with the revised terms and conditions as agreed upon with the Company and has demonstrated repayment performance at a level commensurate with the modified terms over several payment cycles, which is generally six months or greater. To the extent a previous restructuring was insignificant, the Company considers the cumulative effect of past restructurings related to the receivable when determining whether a current restructuring is a TDR. The following table provides a summary of loans modified as TDRs for the periods presented by portfolio class: 2021 2020 (Dollars in Millions) Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Three Months Ended June 30 Commercial 526 $ 12 $ 13 1,139 $144 $115 Commercial real estate 30 38 41 38 39 39 Residential mortgages 360 141 140 121 24 24 Credit card 5,050 31 31 6,168 37 38 Other retail 468 18 17 374 9 8 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 6,434 240 242 7,840 253 224 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 478 67 69 1,009 142 138 Total loans 6,912 $307 $311 8,849 $395 $362 Six Months Ended June 30 Commercial 1,230 $ 87 $ 73 2,138 $243 $216 Commercial real estate 86 124 112 65 60 60 Residential mortgages 696 245 244 211 34 34 Credit card 10,836 64 65 14,583 83 85 Other retail 1,793 55 49 1,029 24 22 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 14,641 575 543 18,026 444 417 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 1,037 154 158 2,913 408 398 Total loans 15,678 $729 $701 20,939 $852 $815 Residential mortgages, home equity and second mortgages, and loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools in the table above include trial period arrangements offered to customers during the periods presented. The post-modification balances for these loans reflect the current outstanding balance until a permanent modification is made. In addition, the post-modification balances typically include capitalization of unpaid accrued interest and/or fees under the various modification programs. At June 30, 2021, 6 residential mortgages, 7 home equity and second mortgage loans and 68 loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools with outstanding balances of $1 million, $1 million and $10 million, respectively, were in a trial period and have estimated post-modification balances of $1 million, $1 million and $10 million, respectively, assuming permanent modification occurs at the end of the trial period. The Company has implemented certain restructuring programs that may result in TDRs. However, many of the Company’s TDRs are also determined on a case-by-case For the commercial lending segment, modifications generally result in the Company working with borrowers on a case-by-case Modifications for the consumer lending segment are generally part of programs the Company has initiated. The Company modifies residential mortgage loans under Federal Housing Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, or its own internal programs. Under these programs, the Company offers qualifying homeowners the opportunity to permanently modify their loan and achieve more affordable monthly payments by providing loan concessions. These concessions may include adjustments to interest rates, conversion of adjustable rates to fixed rates, extension of maturity dates or deferrals of payments, capitalization of accrued interest and/or outstanding advances, or in limited situations, partial forgiveness of loan principal. In most instances, participation in residential mortgage loan restructuring programs requires the customer to complete a short-term trial period. A permanent loan modification is contingent on the customer successfully completing the trial period arrangement, and the loan documents are not modified until that time. The Company reports loans in a trial period arrangement as TDRs and continues to report them as TDRs after the trial period. Credit card and other retail loan TDRs are generally part of distinct restructuring programs providing customers experiencing financial difficulty with modifications whereby balances may be amortized up to 60 months, and generally include waiver of fees and reduced interest rates. In addition, the Company considers secured loans to consumer borrowers that have debt discharged through bankruptcy where the borrower has not reaffirmed the debt to be TDRs. Loan modifications or concessions granted to borrowers resulting directly from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, who were otherwise in current payment status, are generally not considered to be TDRs. As of June 30, 2021, approximately $5.4 billion of loan modifications included on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet related to borrowers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, consisting primarily of payment deferrals. The following table provides a summary of TDR loans that defaulted (fully or partially charged-off 2021 2020 (Dollars in Millions) Number Amount Number Amount Three Months Ended June 30 Commercial 327 $ 8 330 $ 8 Commercial real estate 5 1 12 6 Residential mortgages 12 1 5 1 Credit card 1,805 11 1,736 9 Other retail 191 3 82 1 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 2,340 24 2,165 25 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 43 6 51 7 Total loans 2,383 $30 2,216 $ 32 Six Months Ended June 30 Commercial 612 $24 617 $ 28 Commercial real estate 12 6 28 16 Residential mortgages 27 3 18 2 Credit card 3,569 20 3,806 19 Other retail 471 8 190 2 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 4,691 61 4,659 67 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 73 10 355 48 Total loans 4,764 $71 5,014 $115 In addition to the defaults in the table above, the Company had a total of 16 and 35 residential mortgage loans, home equity and second mortgage loans and loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, where borrowers did not successfully complete the trial period arrangement and, therefore, are no longer eligible for a permanent modification under the applicable modification program. These loans had aggregate outstanding balances of $2 million and $6 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2021, the Company had $129 million of commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose terms of their outstanding owed balances have been modified in TDRs. |