Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 5 Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses The composition of the loan portfolio, disaggregated by class and underlying specific portfolio type, was as follows: June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in Millions) Amount Percent Amount Percent Commercial Commercial $ 121,130 36.4 % $ 106,912 34.3 % Lease financing 4,853 1.5 5,111 1.6 Total commercial 125,983 37.9 112,023 35.9 Commercial Real Estate Commercial mortgages 29,864 9.0 28,757 9.2 Construction and development 9,889 3.0 10,296 3.3 Total commercial real estate 39,753 12.0 39,053 12.5 Residential Mortgages Residential mortgages 73,522 22.1 67,546 21.6 Home equity loans, first liens 8,592 2.6 8,947 2.9 Total residential mortgages 82,114 24.7 76,493 24.5 Credit Card 23,697 7.1 22,500 7.2 Other Retail Retail leasing 6,490 2.0 7,256 2.3 Home equity and second mortgages 10,973 3.3 10,446 3.4 Revolving credit 2,764 .8 2,750 .9 Installment 16,656 5.0 16,514 5.3 Automobile 23,830 7.2 24,866 8.0 Student 109 – 127 – Total other retail 60,822 18.3 61,959 19.9 Total loans $ 332,369 100.0 % $ 312,028 100.0 % The Company had loans of $92.4 billion at June 30, 2022, and $92.1 billion at December 31, 2021, pledged at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and loans of $83.7 billion at June 30, 2022, and $76.9 billion at December 31, 2021, pledged at the Federal Reserve Bank. Originated loans are reported at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned interest and deferred fees and costs, and any partial charge-offs recorded. Net unearned interest and deferred fees and costs amounted to $364 million at June 30, 2022 and $475 million at December 31, 2021. All purchased loans are recorded at fair value at the date of purchase. The Company evaluates purchased loans for more-than-insignificant deterioration at the date of purchase in accordance with applicable authoritative accounting guidance. Purchased loans that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration from origination are considered purchased credit deteriorated loans. All other purchased loans are considered non-purchased credit deteriorated loans. Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses is established for current expected credit losses on the Company’s loan and lease portfolio, including unfunded credit commitments. The allowance considers expected losses for the remaining lives of the applicable assets, inclusive of expected recoveries. The allowance for credit losses is increased through provisions charged to earnings and reduced by net charge-offs. Management evaluates the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. Multiple economic scenarios are considered over a three-year reasonable and supportable forecast period, which includes increasing consideration of historical loss experience over years two and three. These economic scenarios are constructed with interrelated projections of multiple economic variables, and loss estimates are produced that consider the historical correlation of those economic variables with credit losses. After the forecast period, the Company fully reverts to long-term historical loss experience, adjusted for prepayments and characteristics of the current loan and lease portfolio, to estimate losses over the remaining life of the portfolio. The economic scenarios are updated at least quarterly and are designed to provide a range of reasonable estimates, from better to worse than current expectations. Scenarios are weighted based on the Company’s expectation of economic conditions for the foreseeable future and reflect significant judgment and consideration of economic forecast uncertainty. Final loss estimates also consider factors affecting credit losses not reflected in the scenarios, due to the unique aspects of current conditions and expectations. These factors may include, but are not limited to, loan servicing practices, regulatory guidance, and/or fiscal and monetary policy actions. The allowance recorded for credit losses utilizes forward-looking expected loss models to consider a variety of factors affecting lifetime credit losses. These factors include, but are not limited to, macroeconomic variables such as unemployment rates, real estate prices, gross domestic product levels and corporate bonds spreads, as well as loan and borrower characteristics, such as internal risk ratings on commercial loans and consumer credit scores, delinquency status, collateral type and available valuation information, consideration of end-of-term losses on lease residuals, and the remaining term of the loan, adjusted for expected prepayments. For each loan portfolio, model estimates are adjusted as necessary to consider any relevant changes in portfolio composition, lending policies, underwriting standards, risk management practices, economic conditions or other factors that would affect the accuracy of the model. Expected credit loss estimates also include consideration of expected cash recoveries on loans previously charged-off or expected recoveries on collateral dependent loans where recovery is expected through sale of the collateral. Where loans do not exhibit similar risk characteristics, an individual analysis is performed to consider expected credit losses. The allowance recorded for individually evaluated loans greater than $5 million in the commercial lending segment is based on an analysis utilizing expected cash flows discounted using the original effective interest rate, the observable market price of the loan, or the fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, for collateral-dependent loans as appropriate. The allowance recorded for Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”) loans in the consumer lending segment is determined on a homogenous pool basis utilizing expected cash flows discounted using the original effective interest rate of the pool. The expected cash flows on TDR loans consider subsequent payment defaults since modification, the borrower’s ability to pay under the restructured terms, and the timing and amount of payments. The allowance for collateral-dependent loans in the consumer lending segment is determined based on the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell. For commercial TDRs individually evaluated for impairment, attributes of the borrower are the primary factors in determining the allowance for credit losses. For smaller commercial loans collectively evaluated for impairment, historical loss experience is also incorporated into the allowance methodology applied to this category of loans. The Company’s methodology for determining the appropriate allowance for credit losses also considers the imprecision inherent in the methodologies used and allocated to the various loan portfolios. As a result, amounts determined under the methodologies described above, are adjusted by management to consider the potential impact of other qualitative factors not captured in the quantitative model adjustments which include, but are not limited to the following: model imprecision, imprecision in economic scenario assumptions, and emerging risks related to either changes in the environment that are affecting specific portfolios, or changes in portfolio concentrations over time that may affect model performance. The consideration of these items results in adjustments to allowance amounts included in the Company’s allowance for credit losses for each loan portfolio. The Company also assesses the credit risk associated with off-balance sheet loan commitments, letters of credit, investment securities and derivatives. Credit risk associated with derivatives is reflected in the fair values recorded for those positions. The liability for off-balance sheet credit exposure related to loan commitments and other credit guarantees is included in other liabilities. Because business processes and credit risks associated with unfunded credit commitments are essentially the same as for loans, the Company utilizes similar processes to estimate its liability for unfunded credit commitments. The results of the analysis are evaluated quarterly to confirm the estimates are appropriate for each specific loan portfolio, as well as the entire loan portfolio, as the entire allowance for credit losses is available for the entire loan portfolio. Activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio class was as follows: Three Months Ended June 30 Commercial Commercial Residential Credit Other Total 2022 Balance at beginning of period $1,836 $1,074 $600 $1,639 $ 956 $6,105 Add Provision for credit losses 90 (95 ) 49 225 42 311 Deduct Loans charged-off 53 9 2 162 50 276 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (23 ) (3 ) (11 ) (44 ) (34 ) (115 ) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 30 6 (9 ) 118 16 161 Balance at end of period $1,896 $ $658 $1,746 $ $6,255 2021 Balance at beginning of period $1,932 $1,532 $539 $1,952 $1,005 $6,960 Add Provision for credit losses (67 ) (123 ) (71 ) 87 4 (170 ) Deduct Loans charged-off 58 4 5 192 55 314 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (31 ) (4 ) (15 ) (44 ) (40 ) (134 ) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 27 – (10 ) 148 15 180 Balance at end of period $1,838 $1,409 $478 $1,891 $ 994 $6,610 Six Months Ended June 30 Commercial Commercial Residential Credit Other Total 2022 Balance at beginning of period $1,849 $1,123 $565 $1,673 $ 945 $6,155 Add Provision for credit losses 109 (149 ) 78 303 82 423 Deduct Loans charged-off 108 10 7 320 111 556 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (46 ) (9 ) (22 ) (90 ) (66 ) (233 ) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 62 1 (15 ) 230 45 323 Balance at end of period $1,896 $ $658 $1,746 $ $6,255 2021 Balance at beginning of period $2,423 $1,544 $573 $2,355 $1,115 $8,010 Add Provision for credit losses (502 ) (142 ) (110 ) (172 ) (71 ) (997 ) Deduct Loans charged-off 144 14 10 382 138 688 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (61 ) (21 ) (25 ) (90 ) (88 ) (285 ) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 83 (7 ) (15 ) 292 50 403 Balance at end of period $1,838 $1,409 $478 $1,891 $ 994 $6,610 The increase in the allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2021 to June 30, 2022 reflected strong loan growth and increased economic uncertainty, partially offset by stabilizing credit quality. Credit Quality The credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolios is ass e For all loan portfolio classes, loans are considered past due based on the number of days delinquent except for monthly amortizing loans which are classified delinquent based upon the number of contractually required payments not made (for example, two missed payments is considered 30 days delinquent). When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid accrued interest is reversed, reducing interest income in the current period. Commercial lending segment loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when the collection of principal and interest has become 90 days past due or is otherwise considered doubtful. Commercial lending segment loans are generally fully charged down if unsecured by collateral or partially charged down to the fair value of the collateral securing the loan, less costs to sell, when the loan is placed on nonaccrual. Consumer lending segment loans are generally charged-off at a specific number of days or payments past due. Residential mortgages and other retail loans secured by 1-4 family properties are generally charged down to the fair value of the collateral securing the loan, less costs to sell, at 180 days past due. Residential mortgage loans and lines in a first lien position are placed on nonaccrual status in instances where a partial charge-off occurs unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. Residential mortgage loans and lines in a junior lien position secured by 1-4 family properties are placed on nonaccrual status at 120 days past due or when they are behind a first lien that has become 180 days or greater past due or placed on nonaccrual status. Any secured consumer lending segment loan whose borrower has had debt discharged through bankruptcy, for which the loan amount exceeds the fair value of the collateral, is charged down to the fair value of the related collateral and the remaining balance is placed on nonaccrual status. Credit card loans continue to accrue interest until the account is charged-off. Credit cards are charged-off at 180 days past due. Other retail loans not secured by 1-4 family properties are charged-off at 120 days past due; and revolving consumer lines are charged-off at 180 days past due. Similar to credit cards, other retail loans are generally not placed on nonaccrual status because of the relative short period of time to charge-off. Certain retail customers having financial difficulties may have the terms of their credit card and other loan agreements modified to require only principal payments and, as such, are reported as nonaccrual. For all loan classes, interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally recorded as a reduction to a loan’s carrying amount while a loan is on nonaccrual and are recognized as interest income upon payoff of the loan. However, interest income may be recognized for interest payments if the remaining carrying amount of the loan is believed to be collectible. In certain circumstances, loans in any class may be restored to accrual status, such as when a loan has demonstrated sustained repayment performance or no amounts are past due and prospects for future payment are no longer in doubt; or when the loan becomes well secured and is in the process of collection. Loans where there has been a partial charge-off may be returned to accrual status if all principal and interest (including amounts previously charged-off) is expected to be collected and the loan is current. The following table provides a summary of loans by portfolio class, including the delinquency status of those that continue to accrue interest, and those that are nonperforming: Accruing (Dollars in Millions) Current 30-89 Days 90 Days or Nonperforming (b) Total June 30, 2022 Commercial $ 125,490 $ 254 $ 91 $148 $125,983 Commercial real estate 39,519 24 4 206 39,753 Residential mortgages (a) 81,689 100 102 223 82,114 Credit card 23,333 200 164 – 23,697 Other retail 60,376 236 62 148 60,822 Total loans $ 330,407 $ $423 $725 $332,369 December 31, 2021 Commercial $ 111,270 $ 530 $49 $174 $112,023 Commercial real estate 38,678 80 11 284 39,053 Residential mortgages (a) 75,962 124 181 226 76,493 Credit card 22,142 193 165 – 22,500 Other retail 61,468 275 66 150 61,959 Total loans $ 309,520 $1,202 $472 $834 $312,028 (a) At June 30, 2022, $ 642 1.7 and loans that could be purchased under delinquent loan repurchase options 791 1.5 (b) Substantially all nonperforming loans at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, had an associated allowance for credit losses. The Company recognized interest income on nonperforming loans of $ 5 4 8 7 At June 30, 2022, the amount of foreclosed residential real estate held by the Company, and included in other real estate owned (“OREO”), was $23 million, compared with $22 million at December 31, 2021. These amounts excluded $40 million and $22 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, of foreclosed residential real estate related to mortgage loans whose payments are primarily insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. In addition, the amount of residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate in the process of foreclosure at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, was $1.1 billion and $696 million, respectively, of which $898 million and $555 million, respectively, related to loans purchased and loans that could be purchased mortgage pools under delinquent loan repurchase options whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. The Company classifies its loan portfolio classes using internal credit quality ratings on a quarterly basis. These ratings include pass, special mention and classified, and are an important part of the Company’s overall credit risk management process and evaluation of the allowance for credit losses. Loans with a pass rating represent those loans not classified on the Company’s rating scale for problem credits, as minimal credit risk has been identified. Special mention loans are those loans that have a potential weakness deserving management’s close attention. Classified loans are those loans where a well-defined weakness has been identified that may put full collection of contractual cash flows at risk. It is possible that others, given the same information, may reach different reasonable conclusions regarding the credit quality rating classification of specific loans. The following table provides a summary of loans by portfolio class and the Company’s internal credit quality rating: June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Criticized Criticized (Dollars in Millions) Pass Special Classified (a) Total Total Pass Special Classified (a) Total Total Commercial Originated in 2022 $ 32,672 $ 52 $ 142 $ 194 $ 32,866 $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – Originated in 2021 40,532 298 110 408 40,940 51,155 387 287 674 51,829 Originated in 2020 9,809 11 292 303 10,112 14,091 304 133 437 14,528 Originated in 2019 6,624 6 61 67 6,691 10,159 151 54 205 10,364 Originated in 2018 3,313 3 20 23 3,336 5,122 3 36 39 5,161 Originated prior to 2018 3,902 18 38 56 3,958 4,923 30 81 111 5,034 Revolving (b) 27,628 277 175 452 28,080 24,722 268 117 385 25,107 Total commercial 124,480 665 838 1,503 125,983 110,172 1,143 708 1,851 112,023 Commercial real estate Originated in 2022 6,689 148 449 597 7,286 – – – – – Originated in 2021 11,992 63 452 515 12,507 13,364 6 990 996 14,360 Originated in 2020 6,570 16 181 197 6,767 7,459 198 263 461 7,920 Originated in 2019 5,009 140 340 480 5,489 6,368 251 610 861 7,229 Originated in 2018 2,348 29 211 240 2,588 2,996 29 229 258 3,254 Originated prior to 2018 3,438 19 143 162 3,600 4,473 55 224 279 4,752 Revolving 1,511 – 5 5 1,516 1,494 1 43 44 1,538 Total commercial real estate 37,557 415 1,781 2,196 39,753 36,154 540 2,359 2,899 39,053 Residential mortgages (c) Originated in 2022 12,396 – – – 12,396 – – – – – Originated in 2021 29,446 – 3 3 29,449 29,882 – 3 3 29,885 Originated in 2020 14,384 – 10 10 14,394 15,948 1 8 9 15,957 Originated in 2019 5,834 – 24 24 5,858 6,938 – 36 36 6,974 Originated in 2018 2,383 – 18 18 2,401 2,889 – 30 30 2,919 Originated prior to 2018 17,328 – 288 288 17,616 20,415 – 342 342 20,757 Revolving – – – – – 1 – – – 1 Total residential mortgages 81,771 – 343 343 82,114 76,073 1 419 420 76,493 Credit card (d) 23,532 – 165 165 23,697 22,335 – 165 165 22,500 Other retail Originated in 2022 7,650 – 1 1 7,651 – – – – – Originated in 2021 18,825 – 8 8 18,833 22,455 – 6 6 22,461 Originated in 2020 9,981 – 10 10 9,991 12,071 – 9 9 12,080 Originated in 2019 5,476 – 13 13 5,489 7,223 – 17 17 7,240 Originated in 2018 2,204 – 10 10 2,214 3,285 – 14 14 3,299 Originated prior to 2018 2,626 – 18 18 2,644 3,699 – 24 24 3,723 Revolving 13,381 – 113 113 13,494 12,532 – 112 112 12,644 Revolving converted to term 464 – 42 42 506 472 – 40 40 512 Total other retail 60,607 – 215 215 60,822 61,737 – 222 222 61,959 Total loans $327,947 $1,080 $3,342 $4,422 $332,369 $306,471 $1,684 $3,873 $5,557 $312,028 Total outstanding commitments $702,561 $2,021 $4,851 $6,872 $709,433 $662,363 $3,372 $5,684 $9,056 $671,419 Note: Year of origination is based on the origination date of a loan, or for existing loans the date when the maturity date, pricing or commitment amount is amended. (a) Classified rating on consumer loans primarily based on delinquency status. (b) Includes an immaterial amount of revolving converted to term loans. (c) At June 30, 2022, $1.7 billion of GNMA loans 90 days or more past due and $965 million of restructured GNMA loans whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs were classified with a pass rating, compared with $1.5 billion and $1.1 billion at December 31, 2021, respectively. (d) Predominately all credit card loans are considered revolving loans. Includes an immaterial amount of revolving converted to term loans. Troubled Debt Restructurings In certain circumstances, the Company may modify the terms of a loan to maximize the collection of amounts due when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties or is expected to experience difficulties in the near-term. Concessionary modifications are classified as TDRs unless the modification results in only an insignificant delay in payments to be received. The Company recognizes interest on TDRs if the borrower complies with the revised terms and conditions as agreed upon with the Company and has demonstrated repayment performance at a level commensurate with the modified terms over several payment cycles, which is generally six months or greater. To the extent a previous restructuring was insignificant, the Company considers the cumulative effect of past restructurings related to the receivable when determining whether a current restructuring is a TDR. The following table provides a summary of loans modified as TDRs for the periods presented by portfolio class: 2022 2021 (Dollars in Millions) Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Three Months Ended June 30 Commercial 506 $ 50 $ 41 526 $ 12 $ 13 Commercial real estate 28 11 9 30 38 41 Residential mortgages 366 106 106 360 141 140 Credit card 8,696 48 49 5,050 31 31 Other retail 756 24 20 468 18 17 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 10,352 239 225 6,434 240 242 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 353 47 50 478 67 69 Total loans 10,705 $ 286 $275 6,912 $ 307 $ 311 Six Months Ended June 30 Commercial 1,015 $ 88 $ 73 1,230 $ 87 $ 73 Commercial real estate 37 22 19 86 124 112 Residential mortgages 1,206 334 332 696 245 244 Credit card 18,035 98 99 10,836 64 65 Other retail 1,484 61 57 1,793 55 49 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 21,777 603 580 14,641 575 543 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 743 102 105 1,037 154 158 Total loans 22,520 $ 705 $685 15,678 $ 729 $ 701 Residential mortgages, home equity and second mortgages, and loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools in the table above include trial period arrangements offered to customers during the periods presented. The post-modification balances for these loans reflect the current outstanding balance until a permanent modification is made. In addition, the post-modification balances typically include capitalization of unpaid accrued interest and/or fees under the various modification programs. At June 30, 2022, 8 residential mortgages, 8 home equity and second mortgage loans and 97 loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools with outstanding balances of less than less than less than less than The Company has implemented certain restructuring programs that may result in TDRs. However, many of the Company’s TDRs are also determined on a case-by-case basis in connection with ongoing loan collection processes. For the commercial lending segment, modifications generally result in the Company working with borrowers on a case-by-case basis. Commercial and commercial real estate modifications generally include extensions of the maturity date and may be accompanied by an increase or decrease to the interest rate, which may not be deemed a market interest rate. In addition, the Company may work with the borrower in identifying other changes that mitigate loss to the Company, which may include additional collateral or guarantees to support the loan. To a lesser extent, the Company may waive contractual principal. The Company classifies all of the above concessions as TDRs to the extent the Company determines that the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Modifications for the consumer lending segment are generally part of programs the Company has initiated. The Company modifies residential mortgage loans under Federal Housing Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, or its own internal programs. Under these programs, the Company offers qualifying homeowners the opportunity to permanently modify their loan and achieve more affordable monthly payments by providing loan concessions. These concessions may include adjustments to interest rates, conversion of adjustable rates to fixed rates, extension of maturity dates or deferrals of payments, capitalization of accrued interest and/or outstanding advances, or in limited situations, partial forgiveness of loan principal. In most instances, participation in residential mortgage loan restructuring programs requires the customer to complete a short-term trial period. A permanent loan modification is contingent on the customer successfully completing the trial period arrangement, and the loan documents are not modified until that time. The Company reports loans in a trial period arrangement as TDRs and continues to report them as TDRs after the trial period. Credit card and other retail loan TDRs are generally part of distinct restructuring programs providing customers experiencing financial difficulty with modifications whereby balances may be amortized up to 60 months, and generally include waiver of fees and reduced interest rates. In addition, the Company considers secured loans to consumer borrowers that have debt discharged through bankruptcy where the borrower has not reaffirmed the debt to be TDRs. The following table provides a summary of TDR loans that defaulted (fully or partially charged-off or became 90 days or more past due) for the periods presented, that were modified as TDRs within 12 months previous to default: 2022 2021 (Dollars in Millions) Number Amount Number Amount Three Months Ended June 30 Commercial 175 $ 3 327 $ 8 Commercial real estate 2 1 5 1 Residential mortgages 79 7 12 1 Credit card 1,727 9 1,805 11 Other retail 60 1 191 3 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 2,043 21 2,340 24 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 120 17 43 6 Total loans 2,163 $38 2,383 $ 30 Six Months Ended June 30 Commercial 389 $ 6 612 $ 24 Commercial real estate 5 2 12 6 Residential mortgages 113 10 27 3 Credit card 3,361 18 3,569 20 Other retail 143 2 471 8 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 4,011 38 4,691 61 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 169 25 73 10 Total loans 4,180 $63 4,764 $ 71 In addition to the defaults in the table above, the Company had a total of 12 and 28 residential mortgage loans, home equity and second mortgage loans and loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, where borrowers did not successfully complete the trial period arrangement and, therefore, are no longer eligible for a permanent modification under the applicable modification program. These loans had aggregate outstanding balances of $2 million and $4 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had $112 million of commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose terms of their outstanding owed balances have been modified in TDRs. |