Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 5 Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses The composition of the loan portfolio, disaggregated by class and underlying specific portfolio type, was as follows: September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in Millions) Amount Percent Amount Percent Commercial Commercial $ 126,930 37.0 % $ 106,912 34.3 % Lease financing 4,757 1.4 5,111 1.6 Total commercial 131,687 38.4 112,023 35.9 Commercial Real Estate Commercial mortgages 30,223 8.8 28,757 9.2 Construction and development 10,106 2.9 10,296 3.3 Total commercial real estate 40,329 11.7 39,053 12.5 Residential Mortgages Residential mortgages 78,006 22.8 67,546 21.6 Home equity loans, first liens 8,268 2.4 8,947 2.9 Total residential mortgages 86,274 25.2 76,493 24.5 Credit Card 24,538 7.2 22,500 7.2 Other Retail Retail leasing 6,037 1.8 7,256 2.3 Home equity and second mortgages 11,367 3.3 10,446 3.4 Revolving credit 2,721 .8 2,750 .9 Installment 16,417 4.8 16,514 5.3 Automobile 23,236 6.8 24,866 8.0 Student 102 – 127 – Total other retail 59,880 17.5 61,959 19.9 Total loans $ 342,708 100.0 % $ 312,028 100.0 % The Company had loans of $98.2 billion at September 30, 2022, and $92.1 billion at December 31, 2021, pledged at the Federal Home Loan Bank, and loans of $84.0 billion at September 30, 2022, and $76.9 billion at December 31, 2021, pledged at the Federal Reserve Bank. Originated loans are reported at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned interest and deferred fees and costs, and any partial charge-offs recorded. Net unearned interest and deferred fees and costs amounted to $331 million at September 30, 2022 and $475 million at December 31, 2021. All purchased loans are recorded at fair value at the date of purchase. The Company evaluates purchased loans for more-than-insignificant deterioration at the date of purchase in accordance with applicable authoritative accounting guidance. Purchased loans that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration from origination are considered purchased credit deteriorated loans. All other purchased loans are considered non-purchased Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses is established for current expected credit losses on the Company’s loan and lease portfolio, including unfunded credit commitments. The allowance considers expected losses for the remaining lives of the applicable assets, inclusive of expected recoveries. The allowance for credit losses is increased through provisions charged to earnings and reduced by net charge-offs. Management evaluates the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. Multiple economic scenarios are considered over a three-year reasonable and supportable forecast period, which includes increasing consideration of historical loss experience over years two and three. These economic scenarios are constructed with interrelated projections of multiple economic variables, and loss estimates are produced that consider the historical correlation of those economic variables with credit losses. After the forecast period, the Company fully reverts to long-term historical loss experience, adjusted for prepayments and characteristics of the current loan and lease portfolio, to estimate losses over the remaining life of the portfolio. The economic scenarios are updated at least quarterly and are designed to provide a range of reasonable estimates, from better to worse than current expectations. Scenarios are weighted based on the Company’s expectation of economic conditions for the foreseeable future and reflect significant judgment and consideration of economic forecast uncertainty. Final loss estimates also consider factors affecting credit losses not reflected in the scenarios, due to the unique aspects of current conditions and expectations. These factors may include, but are not limited to, loan servicing practices, regulatory guidance, and/or fiscal and monetary policy actions. The allowance recorded for credit losses utilizes forward-looking expected loss models to consider a variety of factors affecting lifetime credit losses. These factors include, but are not limited to, macroeconomic variables such as unemployment rates, real estate prices, gross domestic product levels , inflation, interest rates end-of-term charged-off The allowance recorded for Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”) loans in the consumer lending segment is determined on a homogenous pool basis utilizing expected cash flows discounted using the original effective interest rate of the pool. The expected cash flows on TDR loans consider subsequent payment defaults since modification, the borrower’s ability to pay under the restructured terms, and the timing and amount of payments. The allowance for collateral-dependent loans in the consumer lending segment is determined based on the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell. For commercial TDRs individually evaluated for impairment, attributes of the borrower are the primary factors in determining the allowance for credit losses. For smaller commercial loans collectively evaluated for impairment, historical loss experience is also incorporated into the allowance methodology applied to this category of loans. The Company’s methodology for determining the appropriate allowance for credit losses also considers the imprecision inherent in the methodologies used and allocated to the various loan portfolios. As a result, amounts determined under the methodologies described above, are adjusted by management to consider the potential impact of other qualitative factors not captured in the quantitative model adjustments which include, but are not limited to the following: model imprecision, imprecision in economic scenario assumptions, and emerging risks related to either changes in the environment that are affecting specific portfolios, or changes in portfolio concentrations over time that may affect model performance. The consideration of these items results in adjustments to allowance amounts included in the Company’s allowance for credit losses for each loan portfolio. The Company also assesses the credit risk associated with off-balance off-balance The results of the analysis are evaluated quarterly to confirm the estimates are appropriate for each specific loan portfolio, as well as the entire loan portfolio, as the entire allowance for credit losses is available for the entire loan portfolio. Activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio class was as follows: Three Months Ended September 30 Commercial Commercial Residential Credit Other Total 2022 Balance at beginning of period $1,896 $ 973 $658 $1,746 $ 982 $6,255 Add Provision for credit losses 97 (7 ) 38 222 12 362 Deduct Loans charged-off 56 – 2 161 56 275 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (29 ) (6 ) (7 ) (42 ) (29 ) (113 ) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 27 (6 ) (5 ) 119 27 162 Balance at end of period $1,966 $ 972 $701 $1,849 $967 $6,455 2021 Balance at beginning of period $1,838 $1,409 $478 $1,891 $994 $6,610 Add Provision for credit losses (75 ) (104 ) 3 (23 ) 36 (163 ) Deduct Loans charged-off 40 14 3 154 55 266 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (26 ) (1 ) (13 ) (43 ) (36 ) (119 ) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 14 13 (10 ) 111 19 147 Balance at end of period $1,749 $1,292 $491 $1,757 $1,011 $6,300 Nine Months Ended September 30 Commercial Commercial Residential Credit Other Total 2022 Balance at beginning of period $1,849 $1,123 $565 $1,673 $ 945 $6,155 Add Provision for credit losses 206 (156 ) 116 525 94 785 Deduct Loans charged-off 164 10 9 481 167 831 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (75 ) (15 ) (29 ) (132 ) (95 ) (346 ) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 89 (5 ) (20 ) 349 72 485 Balance at end of period $1,966 $ 972 $701 $1,849 $967 $6,455 2021 Balance at beginning of period $2,423 $1,544 $573 $2,355 $1,115 $8,010 Add Provision for credit losses (577 ) (246 ) (107 ) (195 ) (35 ) (1,160 ) Deduct Loans charged-off 184 28 13 536 193 954 Less recoveries of loans charged-off (87 ) (22 ) (38 ) (133 ) (124 ) (404 ) Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 97 6 (25 ) 403 69 550 Balance at end of period $1,749 $1,292 $491 $1,757 $1,011 $6,300 The increase in the allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2021 to September 30, 2022 reflected strong loan growth and increased economic uncertainty. Credit Quality The credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolios is assessed as a function of net credit losses, levels of nonperforming assets and delinquencies, and credit quality ratings as defined by the Company. For all loan portfolio classes, loans are considered past due based on the number of days delinquent except for monthly amortizing loans which are classified delinquent based upon the number of contractually required payments not made (for example, two missed payments is considered 30 days delinquent). When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid accrued interest is reversed, reducing interest income in the current period. Commercial lending segment loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when the collection of principal and interest has become 90 days past due or is otherwise considered doubtful. Commercial lending segment loans are generally fully charged down if unsecured by collateral or partially charged down to the fair value of the collateral securing the loan, less costs to sell, when the loan is placed on nonaccrual. Consumer lending segment loans are generally charged-off 1-4 charge-off secured and in the process of collection. Residential mortgage loans and lines in a junior lien position secured by 1-4 family charged-off. charged-off 1-4 charged-off charged-off charge-off. For all loan classes, interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally recorded as a reduction to a loan’s carrying amount while a loan is on nonaccrual and are recognized as interest income upon payoff of the loan. However, interest income may be recognized for interest payments if the remaining carrying amount of the loan is believed to be collectible. In certain circumstances, loans in any class may be restored to accrual status, such as when a loan has demonstrated sustained repayment performance or no amounts are past due and prospects for future payment are no longer in doubt; or when the loan becomes well secured and is in the process of collection. Loans where there has been a partial charge-off charged-off) The following table provides a summary of loans by portfolio class, including the delinquency status of those that continue to accrue interest, and those that are nonperforming: Accruing (Dollars in Millions) Current 30-89 Days 90 Days or Nonperforming (b) Total September 30, 2022 Commercial $ 131,189 $ 335 $ 41 $122 $131,687 Commercial real estate 40,135 8 19 167 40,329 Residential mortgages (a) 85,887 87 89 211 86,274 Credit card 24,120 237 181 – 24,538 Other retail 59,443 244 63 130 59,880 Total loans $ 340,774 $ 911 $393 $630 $342,708 December 31, 2021 Commercial $ 111,270 $ 530 $ 49 $174 $112,023 Commercial real estate 38,678 80 11 284 39,053 Residential mortgages (a) 75,962 124 181 226 76,493 Credit card 22,142 193 165 – 22,500 Other retail 61,468 275 66 150 61,959 Total loans $ 309,520 $1,202 $472 $834 $312,028 (a) At September 30, 2022, $638 million of loans 30–89 days past due and $1.9 billion of loans 90 days or more past due purchased and that could be purchased from Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) mortgage pools under delinquent loan repurchase options whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, were classified as current, compared with $791 million and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2021, respectively. (b) Substantially all nonperforming loans at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, had an associated allowance for credit losses. The Company recognized interest income on nonperforming loans of million for both the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and $12 million At September 30, 2022, the amount of foreclosed residential real estate held by the Company, and included in other real estate owned (“OREO”), was $24 million, compared with $22 million at December 31, 2021. These amounts excluded $46 million and $22 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, of foreclosed residential real estate related to mortgage loans whose payments are primarily insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. In addition, the amount of residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate in the process of foreclosure at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, was $1.1 billion and $696 million, respectively, of which $841 million and $555 million, respectively, related to loans purchased and that could be purchased from Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) mortgage pools under delinquent loan repurchase options whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. The Company classifies its loan portfolio classes using internal credit quality ratings on a quarterly basis. These ratings include pass, special mention and classified, and are an important part of the Company’s overall credit risk management process and evaluation of the allowance for credit losses. Loans with a pass rating represent those loans not classified on the Company’s rating scale for problem credits, as minimal credit risk has been identified. Special mention loans are those loans that have a potential weakness deserving management’s close attention. Classified loans are those loans where a well-defined weakness has been identified that may put full collection of contractual cash flows at risk. It is possible that others, given the same information, may reach different reasonable conclusions regarding the credit quality rating classification of specific loans. The following table provides a summary of loans by portfolio class and the Company’s internal credit quality rating: September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Criticized Criticized (Dollars in Millions) Pass Special Classified (a) Total Total Pass Special Classified (a) Total Total Commercial Originated in 2022 $ 51,614 $ 166 $ 209 $ 375 $ 51,989 $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – Originated in 2021 32,393 179 27 206 32,599 51,155 387 287 674 51,829 Originated in 2020 7,634 35 81 116 7,750 14,091 304 133 437 14,528 Originated in 2019 5,057 67 67 134 5,191 10,159 151 54 205 10,364 Originated in 2018 2,569 5 20 25 2,594 5,122 3 36 39 5,161 Originated prior to 2018 3,571 4 42 46 3,617 4,923 30 81 111 5,034 Revolving (b) 27,263 397 287 684 27,947 24,722 268 117 385 25,107 Total commercial 130,101 853 733 1,586 131,687 110,172 1,143 708 1,851 112,023 Commercial real estate Originated in 2022 9,925 70 511 581 10,506 – – – – – Originated in 2021 11,746 44 256 300 12,046 13,364 6 990 996 14,360 Originated in 2020 5,818 63 119 182 6,000 7,459 198 263 461 7,920 Originated in 2019 4,469 110 182 292 4,761 6,368 251 610 861 7,229 Originated in 2018 2,069 28 135 163 2,232 2,996 29 229 258 3,254 Originated prior to 2018 3,122 23 82 105 3,227 4,473 55 224 279 4,752 Revolving 1,553 – 4 4 1,557 1,494 1 43 44 1,538 Total commercial real estate 38,702 338 1,289 1,627 40,329 36,154 540 2,359 2,899 39,053 Residential mortgages (c) Originated in 2022 17,964 – – – 17,964 – – – – – Originated in 2021 29,224 – 2 2 29,226 29,882 – 3 3 29,885 Originated in 2020 14,230 – 5 5 14,235 15,948 1 8 9 15,957 Originated in 2019 5,649 – 18 18 5,667 6,938 – 36 36 6,974 Originated in 2018 2,300 – 18 18 2,318 2,889 – 30 30 2,919 Originated prior to 2018 16,580 – 257 257 16,837 20,415 – 342 342 20,757 Revolving 24 – 3 3 27 1 – – – 1 Total residential mortgages 85,971 – 303 303 86,274 76,073 1 419 420 76,493 Credit card (d) 24,358 – 180 180 24,538 22,335 – 165 165 22,500 Other retail Originated in 2022 10,211 – 3 3 10,214 – – – – – Originated in 2021 17,403 – 9 9 17,412 22,455 – 6 6 22,461 Originated in 2020 9,133 – 10 10 9,143 12,071 – 9 9 12,080 Originated in 2019 4,663 – 13 13 4,676 7,223 – 17 17 7,240 Originated in 2018 1,887 – 9 9 1,896 3,285 – 14 14 3,299 Originated prior to 2018 2,315 – 17 17 2,332 3,699 – 24 24 3,723 Revolving 13,610 – 97 97 13,707 12,532 – 112 112 12,644 Revolving converted to term 457 – 43 43 500 472 – 40 40 512 Total other retail 59,679 – 201 201 59,880 61,737 – 222 222 61,959 Total loans $338,811 $1,191 $2,706 $3,897 $342,708 $306,471 $1,684 $3,873 $5,557 $312,028 Total outstanding commitments $713,989 $1,947 $4,034 $5,981 $719,970 $662,363 $3,372 $5,684 $9,056 $671,419 Note: Year of origination is based on the origination date of a loan, or for existing loans the date when the maturity date, pricing or commitment amount is amended. (a) Classified rating on consumer loans primarily based on delinquency status. (b) Includes an immaterial amount of revolving converted to term loans. (c) At September 30, 2022, $1.9 billion of GNMA loans 90 days or more past due and $982 million of restructured GNMA loans whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs were classified with a pass rating, compared with $1.5 billion and $1.1 billion at December 31, 2021, respectively. (d) Predominately all credit card loans are considered revolving loans. Includes an immaterial amount of revolving converted to term loans. Troubled Debt Restructurings In certain circumstances, the Company may modify the terms of a loan to maximize the collection of amounts due when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties or is expected to experience difficulties in the near-term. Concessionary modifications are classified as TDRs unless the modification results in only an insignificant delay in payments to be received. The Company recognizes interest on TDRs if the borrower complies with the revised terms and conditions as agreed upon with the Company and has demonstrated repayment performance at a level commensurate with the modified terms over several payment cycles, which is generally six months or greater. To the extent a previous restructuring was insignificant, the Company considers the cumulative effect of past restructurings related to the receivable when determining whether a current restructuring is a TDR. The following table provides a summary of loans modified as TDRs for the periods presented by portfolio class: 2022 2021 (Dollars in Millions) Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Three Months Ended September 30 Commercial 552 $ 34 $ 35 506 $ 46 $ 47 Commercial real estate 24 23 23 14 12 13 Residential mortgages 283 84 85 171 54 54 Credit card 11,632 63 64 6,656 38 38 Other retail 479 14 13 382 9 9 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 12,970 218 220 7,729 159 161 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 421 61 62 802 113 118 Total loans 13,391 $ 279 $282 8,531 $ 272 $ 279 Nine Months Ended September 30 Commercial 1,567 $ 122 $108 1,736 $ 133 $ 120 Commercial real estate 61 45 42 100 136 125 Residential mortgages 1,489 418 417 867 299 298 Credit card 29,667 161 163 17,492 102 103 Other retail 1,963 75 70 2,175 64 58 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 34,747 821 800 22,370 734 704 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 1,164 163 167 1,839 267 276 Total loans 35,911 $ 984 $967 24,209 $1,001 $ 980 Residential mortgages, home equity and second mortgages, and loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools in the table above include trial period arrangements offered to customers during the periods presented. The post-modification balances for these loans reflect the current outstanding balance until a permanent modification is made. In addition, the post-modification balances typically include capitalization of unpaid accrued interest and/or fees under the various modification programs. At September 30, 2022, 9 residential mortgages, 7 home equity and second mortgage loans and 64 loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools with outstanding balances of less than $1 million, less than $1 million and $8 million, respectively, were in a trial period and have estimated post-modification balances of $1 million, less than $1 million and $8 million, respectively, assuming permanent modification occurs at the end of the trial period. The Company has implemented certain restructuring programs that may result in TDRs. However, many of the Company’s TDRs are also determined on a case-by-case For the commercial lending segment, modifications generally result in the Company working with borrowers on a case-by-case Modifications for the consumer lending segment are generally part of programs the Company has initiated. The Company modifies residential mortgage loans under Federal Housing Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, or its own internal programs. Under these programs, the Company offers qualifying homeowners the opportunity to permanently modify their loan and achieve more affordable monthly payments by providing loan concessions. These concessions may include adjustments to interest rates, conversion of adjustable rates to fixed rates, extension of maturity dates or deferrals of payments, capitalization of accrued interest and/or outstanding advances, or in limited situations, partial forgiveness of loan principal. In most instances, participation in residential mortgage loan restructuring programs requires the customer to complete a short-term trial period. A permanent loan modification is contingent on the customer successfully completing the trial period arrangement, and the loan documents are not modified until that time. The Company reports loans in a trial period arrangement as TDRs and continues to report them as TDRs after the trial period. Credit card and other retail loan TDRs are generally part of distinct restructuring programs providing customers experiencing financial difficulty with modifications whereby balances may be amortized up to 60 months, and generally include waiver of fees and reduced interest rates. In addition, the Company considers secured loans to consumer borrowers that have debt discharged through bankruptcy where the borrower has not reaffirmed the debt to be TDRs. The following table provides a summary of TDR loans that defaulted (fully or partially charged-off 2022 2021 (Dollars in Millions) Number Amount Number Amount Three Months Ended September 30 Commercial 186 $ 15 244 $ 5 Commercial real estate 5 6 4 1 Residential mortgages 67 8 20 2 Credit card 2,117 11 2,069 12 Other retail 73 1 124 2 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 2,448 41 2,461 22 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 113 17 29 5 Total loans 2,561 $ 58 2,490 $ 27 Nine Months Ended September 30 Commercial 575 $ 21 856 $ 29 Commercial real estate 10 8 16 7 Residential mortgages 180 18 47 5 Credit card 5,478 29 5,638 32 Other retail 216 3 595 10 Total loans, excluding loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 6,459 79 7,152 83 Loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools 282 42 102 15 Total loans 6,741 $121 7,254 $ 98 In addition to the defaults in the table above, the Company had a total of 17 and 45 residential mortgage loans, home equity and second mortgage loans and loans purchased from GNMA mortgage pools for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, where borrowers did not successfully complete the trial period arrangement and, therefore, are no longer eligible for a permanent modification under the applicable modification program. These loans had aggregate outstanding balances of $3 million and $7 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had $40 million of commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose terms of their outstanding owed balances have been modified in TDRs. |