Loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses | 4. Loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses The outstanding principal balance and the carrying amount of loans acquired at a discount that were recorded at fair value at the acquisition date that is included in the consolidated balance sheet were as follows: March 31, December 31, (in thousands) Outstanding principal balance $ 2,918,333 3,122,935 Carrying amount: Commercial, financial, leasing, etc. 71,577 78,847 Commercial real estate 588,983 644,284 Residential real estate 964,893 1,016,129 Consumer 681,535 725,807 $ 2,306,988 2,465,067 Purchased impaired loans included in the table above totaled $716 million at March 31, 2016 and $768 million at December 31, 2015, representing less than 1% of the Company’s assets as of each date. A summary of changes in the accretable yield for loans acquired at a discount for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 follows: Three months ended March 31, 2016 Purchased Other Total (in thousands) Balance at beginning of period $ 184,618 296,434 481,052 Interest income (14,062 ) (37,862 ) (51,924 ) Reclassifications from nonaccretable balance, net 629 5,664 6,293 Other (a) — 4,781 4,781 Balance at end of period $ 171,185 269,017 440,202 Three months ended March 31, 2015 Purchased Other Total (in thousands) Balance at beginning of period $ 76,518 397,379 473,897 Interest income (5,206 ) (41,277 ) (46,483 ) Reclassifications from nonaccretable balance, net 110 183 293 Other (a) — 1,610 1,610 Balance at end of period $ 71,422 357,895 429,317 (a) Other changes in expected cash flows including changes in interest rates and prepayment assumptions. A summary of current, past due and nonaccrual loans as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows: Current 30-89 Accruing Accruing Purchased Nonaccrual Total March 31, 2016 (in thousands) Commercial, financial, leasing, etc. $ 20,911,645 30,495 2,358 524 1,765 279,790 21,226,577 Real estate: Commercial 23,740,729 149,108 41,776 6,818 39,840 171,256 24,149,527 Residential builder and developer 1,747,261 15,304 195 3,493 23,516 32,458 1,822,227 Other commercial construction 3,663,835 28,336 9,068 280 19,239 20,781 3,741,539 Residential 19,747,097 500,241 278,640 15,790 463,871 186,452 21,192,091 Residential-limited documentation 3,757,924 107,679 275 — 165,404 76,265 4,107,547 Consumer: Home equity lines and loans 5,720,342 40,054 — 15,898 2,239 78,722 5,857,255 Automobile 2,580,241 33,439 — 2 — 14,817 2,628,499 Other 3,083,495 24,739 3,858 18,962 — 16,150 3,147,204 Total $ 84,952,569 929,395 336,170 61,767 715,874 876,691 87,872,466 Current 30-89 Days Accruing Accruing Purchased Nonaccrual Total December 31, 2015 (in thousands) Commercial, financial, leasing, etc. $ 20,122,648 52,868 2,310 693 1,902 241,917 20,422,338 Real estate: Commercial 23,645,354 172,439 12,963 8,790 46,790 179,606 24,065,942 Residential builder and developer 1,507,856 7,969 5,760 6,925 28,734 28,429 1,585,673 Other commercial construction 3,428,939 65,932 7,936 2,001 24,525 16,363 3,545,696 Residential 20,507,551 560,312 284,451 16,079 488,599 153,281 22,010,273 Residential-limited documentation 3,885,073 137,289 — — 175,518 61,950 4,259,830 Consumer: Home equity lines and loans 5,805,222 45,604 — 15,222 2,261 84,467 5,952,776 Automobile 2,446,473 56,181 — 6 — 16,597 2,519,257 Other 3,051,435 36,702 4,021 18,757 — 16,799 3,127,714 Total $ 84,400,551 1,135,296 317,441 68,473 768,329 799,409 87,489,499 (a) Excludes loans acquired at a discount. (b) Loans acquired at a discount that were recorded at fair value at acquisition date. This category does not include purchased impaired loans that are presented separately. (c) Accruing loans that were impaired at acquisition date and were recorded at fair value. One-to-four family residential mortgage loans held for sale were $269 million and $353 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Commercial mortgage loans held for sale were $128 million at March 31, 2016 and $39 million at December 31, 2015. Changes in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 were as follows: Commercial, Financial, Real Estate Leasing, etc. Commercial Residential Consumer Unallocated Total (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 300,404 326,831 72,238 178,320 78,199 955,992 Provision for credit losses 24,364 4,013 1,218 19,893 (488 ) 49,000 Net charge-offs Charge-offs (6,149 ) (1,272 ) (6,972 ) (44,319 ) — (58,712 ) Recoveries 5,247 2,413 1,887 6,925 — 16,472 Net charge-offs (902 ) 1,141 (5,085 ) (37,394 ) — (42,240 ) Ending balance $ 323,866 331,985 68,371 160,819 77,711 962,752 Changes in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2015 were as follows: Commercial, Financial, Real Estate Leasing, etc. Commercial Residential Consumer Unallocated Total (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 288,038 307,927 61,910 186,033 75,654 919,562 Provision for credit losses 1,442 15,542 960 19,574 482 38,000 Net charge-offs Charge-offs (12,350 ) (6,679 ) (3,118 ) (25,329 ) — (47,476 ) Recoveries 3,939 585 989 5,774 — 11,287 Net charge-offs (8,411 ) (6,094 ) (2,129 ) (19,555 ) — (36,189 ) Ending balance $ 281,069 317,375 60,741 186,052 76,136 921,373 Despite the above allocation, the allowance for credit losses is general in nature and is available to absorb losses from any loan or lease type. In establishing the allowance for credit losses, the Company estimates losses attributable to specific troubled credits identified through both normal and detailed or intensified credit review processes and also estimates losses inherent in other loans and leases on a collective basis. For purposes of determining the level of the allowance for credit losses, the Company evaluates its loan and lease portfolio by loan type. The amounts of loss components in the Company’s loan and lease portfolios are determined through a loan-by-loan analysis of larger balance commercial loans and commercial real estate loans that are in nonaccrual status and by applying loss factors to groups of loan balances based on loan type and management’s classification of such loans under the Company’s loan grading system. Measurement of the specific loss components is typically based on expected future cash flows, collateral values and other factors that may impact the borrower’s ability to pay. In determining the allowance for credit losses, the Company utilizes a loan grading system which is applied to commercial and commercial real estate credits on an individual loan basis. Loan officers are responsible for continually assigning grades to these loans based on standards outlined in the Company’s Credit Policy. Internal loan grades are also monitored by the Company’s loan review department to ensure consistency and strict adherence to the prescribed standards. Loan grades are assigned loss component factors that reflect the Company’s loss estimate for each group of loans and leases. Factors considered in assigning loan grades and loss component factors include borrower-specific information related to expected future cash flows and operating results, collateral values, geographic location, financial condition and performance, payment status, and other information; levels of and trends in portfolio charge-offs and recoveries; levels of and trends in portfolio delinquencies and impaired loans; changes in the risk profile of specific portfolios; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of changes in credit concentrations; and observed trends and practices in the banking industry. As updated appraisals are obtained on individual loans or other events in the market place indicate that collateral values have significantly changed, individual loan grades are adjusted as appropriate. Changes in other factors cited may also lead to loan grade changes at any time. Except for consumer and residential real estate loans that are considered smaller balance homogenous loans and acquired loans that are evaluated on an aggregated basis, the Company considers a loan to be impaired for purposes of applying GAAP when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement or the loan is delinquent 90 days. Regardless of loan type, the Company considers a loan to be impaired if it qualifies as a troubled debt restructuring. Modified loans, including smaller balance homogenous loans, that are considered to be troubled debt restructurings are evaluated for impairment giving consideration to the impact of the modified loan terms on the present value of the loan’s expected cash flows. The following tables provide information with respect to loans and leases that were considered impaired as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and for the three month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Recorded Unpaid Related Recorded Unpaid Related (in thousands) With an allowance recorded: Commercial, financial, leasing, etc. $ 204,786 223,269 58,714 179,037 195,821 44,752 Real estate: Commercial 86,612 97,912 19,600 85,974 95,855 18,764 Residential builder and developer 6,581 8,296 839 3,316 5,101 196 Other commercial construction 2,358 2,678 397 3,548 3,843 348 Residential 77,579 95,679 4,348 79,558 96,751 4,727 Residential-limited documentation 87,791 101,841 7,000 90,356 104,251 8,000 Consumer: Home equity lines and loans 27,544 28,540 3,904 25,220 26,195 3,777 Automobile 21,289 21,289 4,867 22,525 22,525 4,709 Other 17,876 17,876 4,844 17,620 17,620 4,820 532,416 597,380 104,513 507,154 567,962 90,093 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial, financial, leasing, etc. 105,342 126,130 — 93,190 110,735 — Real estate: Commercial 92,733 106,710 — 101,340 116,230 — Residential builder and developer 28,938 49,177 — 27,651 47,246 — Other commercial construction 18,811 37,498 — 13,221 31,477 — Residential 17,574 28,336 — 19,621 30,940 — Residential-limited documentation 17,362 29,544 — 18,414 31,113 — 280,760 377,395 — 273,437 367,741 — Total: Commercial, financial, leasing, etc. 310,128 349,399 58,714 272,227 306,556 44,752 Real estate: Commercial 179,345 204,622 19,600 187,314 212,085 18,764 Residential builder and developer 35,519 57,473 839 30,967 52,347 196 Other commercial construction 21,169 40,176 397 16,769 35,320 348 Residential 95,153 124,015 4,348 99,179 127,691 4,727 Residential-limited documentation 105,153 131,385 7,000 108,770 135,364 8,000 Consumer: Home equity lines and loans 27,544 28,540 3,904 25,220 26,195 3,777 Automobile 21,289 21,289 4,867 22,525 22,525 4,709 Other 17,876 17,876 4,844 17,620 17,620 4,820 Total $ 813,176 974,775 104,513 780,591 935,703 90,093 Three months ended Three months ended Interest income Interest income Average Total Cash Average Total Cash (in thousands) Commercial, financial, leasing, etc. $ 296,584 611 611 214,618 604 604 Real estate: Commercial 182,454 1,474 1,474 153,070 1,102 1,102 Residential builder and developer 33,750 42 42 73,151 63 63 Other commercial construction 16,868 38 38 25,540 55 55 Residential 96,788 1,372 882 104,490 1,446 910 Residential-limited documentation 107,473 1,472 630 125,654 1,610 647 Consumer: Home equity lines and loans 26,019 246 85 19,683 201 48 Automobile 21,962 339 36 29,013 450 54 Other 17,717 178 27 18,861 174 33 Total $ 799,615 5,772 3,825 764,080 5,705 3,516 In accordance with the previously described policies, the Company utilizes a loan grading system that is applied to all commercial loans and commercial real estate loans. Loan grades are utilized to differentiate risk within the portfolio and consider the expectations of default for each loan. Commercial loans and commercial real estate loans with a lower expectation of default are assigned one of ten possible “pass” loan grades and are generally ascribed lower loss factors when determining the allowance for credit losses. Loans with an elevated level of credit risk are classified as “criticized” and are ascribed a higher loss factor when determining the allowance for credit losses. Criticized loans may be classified as “nonaccrual” if the Company no longer expects to collect all amounts according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement or the loan is delinquent 90 days or more. All larger balance criticized commercial loans and commercial real estate loans are individually reviewed by centralized loan review personnel each quarter to determine the appropriateness of the assigned loan grade, including whether the loan should be reported as accruing or nonaccruing. Smaller balance criticized loans are analyzed by business line risk management areas to ensure proper loan grade classification. Furthermore, criticized nonaccrual commercial loans and commercial real estate loans are considered impaired and, as a result, specific loss allowances on such loans are established within the allowance for credit losses to the extent appropriate in each individual instance. The following table summarizes the loan grades applied to the various classes of the Company’s commercial loans and commercial real estate loans. Real Estate Commercial, Commercial Residential Other (in thousands) March 31, 2016 Pass $ 20,155,277 23,138,987 1,700,088 3,631,947 Criticized accrual 791,510 839,284 89,681 88,811 Criticized nonaccrual 279,790 171,256 32,458 20,781 Total $ 21,226,577 24,149,527 1,822,227 3,741,539 December 31, 2015 Pass $ 19,442,183 23,098,856 1,497,465 3,432,679 Criticized accrual 738,238 787,480 59,779 96,654 Criticized nonaccrual 241,917 179,606 28,429 16,363 Total $ 20,422,338 24,065,942 1,585,673 3,545,696 In determining the allowance for credit losses, residential real estate loans and consumer loans are generally evaluated collectively after considering such factors as payment performance and recent loss experience and trends, which are mainly driven by current collateral values in the market place as well as the amount of loan defaults. Loss rates on such loans are determined by reference to recent charge-off history and are evaluated (and adjusted if deemed appropriate) through consideration of other factors including near-term forecasted loss estimates developed by the Company’s Credit Department. In arriving at such forecasts, the Company considers the current estimated fair value of its collateral based on geographical adjustments for home price depreciation/appreciation and overall borrower repayment performance. With regard to collateral values, the realizability of such values by the Company contemplates repayment of any first lien position prior to recovering amounts on a second lien position. However, residential real estate loans and outstanding balances of home equity loans and lines of credit that are more than 150 days past due are generally evaluated for collectibility on a loan-by-loan basis giving consideration to estimated collateral values. The carrying value of residential real estate loans and home equity loans and lines of credit for which a partial charge-off has been recognized aggregated $52 million and $24 million, respectively, at March 31, 2016 and $55 million and $21 million, respectively, at December 31, 2015. Residential real estate loans and home equity loans and lines of credit that were more than 150 days past due but did not require a partial charge-off because the net realizable value of the collateral exceeded the outstanding customer balance totaled $20 million and $32 million, respectively, at March 31, 2016 and $20 million and $28 million, respectively, at December 31, 2015. The Company also measures additional losses for purchased impaired loans when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all cash flows expected at acquisition plus additional cash flows expected to be collected arising from changes in estimates after acquisition. The determination of the allocated portion of the allowance for credit losses is very subjective. Given that inherent subjectivity and potential imprecision involved in determining the allocated portion of the allowance for credit losses, the Company also provides an inherent unallocated portion of the allowance. The unallocated portion of the allowance is intended to recognize probable losses that are not otherwise identifiable and includes management’s subjective determination of amounts necessary to provide for the possible use of imprecise estimates in determining the allocated portion of the allowance. Therefore, the level of the unallocated portion of the allowance is primarily reflective of the inherent imprecision in the various calculations used in determining the allocated portion of the allowance for credit losses. Other factors that could also lead to changes in the unallocated portion include the effects of expansion into new markets for which the Company does not have the same degree of familiarity and experience regarding portfolio performance in changing market conditions, the introduction of new loan and lease product types, and other risks associated with the Company’s loan portfolio that may not be specifically identifiable. The allocation of the allowance for credit losses summarized on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology was as follows: Commercial, Real Estate Commercial Residential Consumer Total (in thousands) March 31, 2016 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 58,714 20,611 11,348 13,615 $ 104,288 Collectively evaluated for impairment 264,652 308,897 55,970 145,841 775,360 Purchased impaired 500 2,477 1,053 1,363 5,393 Allocated $ 323,866 331,985 68,371 160,819 885,041 Unallocated 77,711 Total $ 962,752 December 31, 2015 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 44,752 19,175 12,727 13,306 $ 89,960 Collectively evaluated for impairment 255,615 307,000 57,624 163,511 783,750 Purchased impaired 37 656 1,887 1,503 4,083 Allocated $ 300,404 326,831 72,238 178,320 877,793 Unallocated 78,199 Total $ 955,992 The recorded investment in loans and leases summarized on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology was as follows: Commercial, Real Estate Commercial Residential Consumer Total (in thousands) March 31, 2016 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 310,128 235,039 200,306 66,709 $ 812,182 Collectively evaluated for impairment 20,914,684 29,395,659 24,470,057 11,564,010 86,344,410 Purchased impaired 1,765 82,595 629,275 2,239 715,874 Total $ 21,226,577 29,713,293 25,299,638 11,632,958 $ 87,872,466 December 31, 2015 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 272,227 234,132 207,949 65,365 $ 779,673 Collectively evaluated for impairment 20,148,209 28,863,130 25,398,037 11,532,121 85,941,497 Purchased impaired 1,902 100,049 664,117 2,261 768,329 Total $ 20,422,338 29,197,311 26,270,103 11,599,747 $ 87,489,499 During the normal course of business, the Company modifies loans to maximize recovery efforts. If the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and a concession is granted, the Company considers such modifications as troubled debt restructurings and classifies those loans as either nonaccrual loans or renegotiated loans. The types of concessions that the Company grants typically include principal deferrals and interest rate concessions, but may also include other types of concessions. The tables below summarize the Company’s loan modification activities that were considered troubled debt restructurings for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015: Recorded investment Financial effects of Three months ended March 31, 2016 Number Pre- Post- Recorded Interest (dollars in thousands) Commercial, financial, leasing, etc. Principal deferral 24 $ 11,571 $ 12,721 $ 1,150 $ — Combination of concession types 7 6,157 5,952 (205 ) — Real estate: Commercial Principal deferral 16 3,483 3,448 (35 ) — Combination of concession types 5 3,933 3,924 (9 ) (35 ) Residential Principal deferral 17 1,981 2,191 210 — Combination of concession types 10 2,321 2,369 48 — Residential-limited documentation Principal deferral 1 125 138 13 — Combination of concession types 5 1,312 1,379 67 (339 ) Consumer: Home equity lines and loans Principal deferral 3 335 335 — — Combination of concession types 23 2,496 2,496 — (283 ) Automobile Principal deferral 48 521 521 — — Other 16 38 38 — — Combination of concession types 8 85 85 — (3 ) Other Principal deferral 26 374 374 — — Other 2 25 25 — — Combination of concession types 8 147 147 — (27 ) Total 219 $ 34,904 $ 36,143 $ 1,239 $ (687 ) (a) Financial effects impacting the recorded investment included principal payments or advances, charge-offs and capitalized escrow arrearages. (b) Represents the present value of interest rate concessions discounted at the effective rate of the original loan. Recorded investment Financial effects of Three months ended March 31, 2015 Number Pre- Post- Recorded Interest (dollars in thousands) Commercial, financial, leasing, etc. Principal deferral 21 $ 1,572 $ 1,557 $ (15 ) $ — Interest rate reduction 1 99 99 — (19 ) Combination of concession types 3 9,155 6,989 (2,166 ) — Real estate: Commercial Principal deferral 7 3,792 3,776 (16 ) — Combination of concession types 4 1,646 1,637 (9 ) (52 ) Residential builder and developer Principal deferral 1 1,398 1,398 — — Residential Principal deferral 7 721 742 21 — Combination of concession types 3 294 349 55 (34 ) Residential-limited documentation Combination of concession types 1 210 210 — (4 ) Consumer: Home equity lines and loans Principal deferral 1 21 21 — — Combination of concession types 5 196 196 — (13 ) Automobile Principal deferral 35 303 303 — — Interest rate reduction 3 42 42 — (3 ) Other 10 20 20 — — Combination of concession types 8 84 84 — (7 ) Other Principal deferral 22 296 296 — — Other 5 59 59 — — Combination of concession types 13 224 224 — (25 ) Total 150 $ 20,132 $ 18,002 $ (2,130 ) $ (157 ) (a) Financial effects impacting the recorded investment included principal payments or advances, charge-offs and capitalized escrow arrearages. (b) Represents the present value of interest rate concessions discounted at the effective rate of the original loan. Troubled debt restructurings are considered to be impaired loans and for purposes of establishing the allowance for credit losses are evaluated for impairment giving consideration to the impact of the modified loan terms on the present value of the loan’s expected cash flows. Impairment of troubled debt restructurings that have subsequently defaulted may also be measured based on the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent. Charge-offs may also be recognized on troubled debt restructurings that have subsequently defaulted. Loans that were modified as troubled debt restructurings during the twelve months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 and for which there was a subsequent payment default during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, were not material. The amount of foreclosed residential real estate property held by the Company was $169 million and $172 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. There were $309 million and $315 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, of loans secured by residential real estate that were in the process of foreclosure. |