Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses | 4. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses The Company must maintain an allowance for loan and lease losses (the “Allowance”) that is adequate to absorb estimated probable credit losses associated with its loan and lease portfolio. The Allowance consists of an allocated portion, which covers estimated credit losses for specifically identified loans and pools of loans and leases, and an unallocated portion. Segmentation Management has identified three primary portfolio segments in estimating the Allowance: commercial lending, residential real estate lending and consumer lending. Commercial lending is further segmented into four distinct classes based on characteristics relating to the borrower, transaction, and collateral. These portfolio segments are: commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, construction, and lease financing. Residential real estate is not further segmented, but consists of residential mortgages including real estate secured installment loans and home equity lines of credit. Consumer lending is not further segmented, but consists primarily of automobile loans, credit cards, and other installment loans. Management has developed a methodology for each segment and class taking into consideration portfolio segment-specific and class-specific factors such as product type, loan portfolio characteristics, management information systems, and other risk factors. Specific Allocation Commercial A specific allocation is determined for individually impaired commercial loans. A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the full amount of principal and interest according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Management identifies material impaired loans based on their size in relation to the Company’s total loan and lease portfolio. Each impaired loan equal to or exceeding a specified threshold requires an analysis to determine the appropriate level of reserve for that specific loan. Impaired loans below the specified threshold are treated as a pool, with specific allocations established based on qualitative factors such as asset quality trends, risk identification, lending policies, portfolio growth, and portfolio concentrations. Residential A specific allocation is determined for residential real estate loans based on delinquency status. In addition, each impaired loan equal to or exceeding a specified threshold requires analysis to determine the appropriate level of reserve for that specific loan, generally based on the value of the underlying collateral less estimated costs to sell. The specific allocation will be zero for impaired loans in which the value of the underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell, exceeds the unpaid principal balance of the loan. Consumer A specific allocation is determined for the consumer loan portfolio using delinquency-based formula allocations. The Company uses a formula approach in determining the consumer loan specific allocation and recognizes the statistical validity of measuring losses predicated on past due status. Pooled Allocation Commercial Pooled allocation for pass, special mention, substandard, and doubtful grade commercial loans and leases that share common risk characteristics and properties is determined using a historical loss rate analysis and qualitative factor considerations. Loan grade categories are discussed under “Credit Quality”. Residential and Consumer Pooled allocation for non-delinquent consumer and residential real estate loans is determined using a historical loss rate analysis and qualitative factor considerations. Qualitative Adjustments Qualitative adjustments to historical loss rates or other static sources may be necessary since these rates may not be an accurate indicator of losses inherent in the current portfolio. To estimate the level of adjustments, management considers factors including global, national and local economic conditions; levels and trends in problem loans; the effect of credit concentrations; collateral value trends; changes in risk due to changes in lending policies and practices; management expertise; industry and regulatory trends; and volume of loans. Unallocated Allowance The Company’s Allowance incorporates an unallocated portion to cover risk factors and events that may have occurred as of the evaluation date that have not been reflected in the risk measures utilized due to inherent limitations in the precision of the estimation process. These risk factors, in addition to past and current events based on facts at the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet date and realistic courses of action that management expects to take, are assessed in determining the level of unallocated allowance. The Allowance was comprised of the following for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Commercial Lending Commercial Commercial and Real Lease (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan and lease losses: Balance at beginning of period $ 31,688 $ 22,204 $ 5,014 $ 446 $ 43,420 $ 33,638 $ 2,125 $ 138,535 Charge-offs (514) — — — (7) (8,015) — (8,536) Recoveries 241 30 — — 425 2,269 — 2,965 Increase (decrease) in Provision (4,098) (358) (361) (54) 241 5,838 (1,208) — Balance at end of period $ 27,317 $ 21,876 $ 4,653 $ 392 $ 44,079 $ 33,730 $ 917 $ 132,964 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Commercial Lending Commercial Commercial and Real Lease (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan and lease losses: Balance at beginning of period $ 34,501 $ 19,725 $ 5,813 $ 432 $ 44,906 $ 35,813 $ 528 $ 141,718 Charge-offs (2,514) — — (24) (7) (24,118) — (26,663) Recoveries 303 93 — — 860 7,103 — 8,359 Increase (decrease) in Provision (4,973) 2,058 (1,160) (16) (1,680) 14,932 389 9,550 Balance at end of period $ 27,317 $ 21,876 $ 4,653 $ 392 $ 44,079 $ 33,730 $ 917 $ 132,964 Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Commercial Lending Commercial Commercial and Real Lease (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan and lease losses: Balance at beginning of period $ 35,239 $ 20,507 $ 7,606 $ 557 $ 43,925 $ 31,509 $ 1,258 $ 140,601 Charge-offs (303) — — — (125) (5,700) — (6,128) Recoveries 51 21 — — 442 1,803 — 2,317 Increase (decrease) in Provision (1,551) 286 (1,388) (29) 147 6,381 614 4,460 Balance at end of period $ 33,436 $ 20,814 $ 6,218 $ 528 $ 44,389 $ 33,993 $ 1,872 $ 141,250 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Commercial Lending Commercial Commercial and Real Lease (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan and lease losses: Balance at beginning of period $ 34,006 $ 18,044 $ 6,817 $ 611 $ 42,852 $ 31,249 $ 3,674 $ 137,253 Charge-offs (778) — — — (159) (18,615) — (19,552) Recoveries 154 175 — — 684 6,106 — 7,119 Increase (decrease) in Provision 54 2,595 (599) (83) 1,012 15,253 (1,802) 16,430 Balance at end of period $ 33,436 $ 20,814 $ 6,218 $ 528 $ 44,389 $ 33,993 $ 1,872 $ 141,250 The disaggregation of the Allowance and recorded investment in loans by impairment methodology as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows: September 30, 2019 Commercial Lending Commercial Commercial and Real Lease (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan and lease losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 106 $ 25 $ — $ — $ 284 $ — $ — $ 415 Collectively evaluated for impairment 27,211 21,851 4,653 392 43,795 33,730 917 132,549 Balance at end of period $ 27,317 $ 21,876 $ 4,653 $ 392 $ 44,079 $ 33,730 $ 917 $ 132,964 Loans and leases: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 8,239 $ 3,577 $ — $ — $ 14,539 $ 200 $ — $ 26,555 Collectively evaluated for impairment 2,645,838 3,305,812 486,977 167,874 4,572,991 1,637,349 — 12,816,841 Balance at end of period $ 2,654,077 $ 3,309,389 $ 486,977 $ 167,874 $ 4,587,530 $ 1,637,549 $ — $ 12,843,396 December 31, 2018 Commercial Lending Commercial Commercial and Real Lease (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan and lease losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 108 $ 32 $ — $ — $ 396 $ — $ — $ 536 Collectively evaluated for impairment 34,393 19,693 5,813 432 44,510 35,813 528 141,182 Balance at end of period $ 34,501 $ 19,725 $ 5,813 $ 432 $ 44,906 $ 35,813 $ 528 $ 141,718 Loans and leases: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 8,719 $ 5,743 $ — $ — $ 16,114 $ — $ — $ 30,576 Collectively evaluated for impairment 3,200,041 2,985,040 626,757 147,769 4,423,504 1,662,504 — 13,045,615 Balance at end of period $ 3,208,760 $ 2,990,783 $ 626,757 $ 147,769 $ 4,439,618 $ 1,662,504 $ — $ 13,076,191 Credit Quality The Company performs an internal loan review and grading on an ongoing basis. The review provides management with periodic information as to the quality of the loan portfolio and effectiveness of the Company’s lending policies and procedures. The objective of the loan review and grading procedures is to identify, in a timely manner, existing or emerging credit quality problems so that appropriate steps can be initiated to avoid or minimize future losses. Loans subject to grading include: commercial and industrial loans, commercial and standby letters of credit, installment loans to businesses or individuals for business and commercial purposes, commercial real estate loans, overdraft lines of credit, commercial credit cards, and other credits as may be determined. Loans which are not subject to grading include loans that are 100% sold with no recourse to the Company, consumer installment loans, indirect automobile loans, credit cards, home equity lines of credit and residential mortgage loans. Residential real estate and consumer loans are underwritten primarily on the basis of credit bureau scores, debt-service-to-income ratios, and collateral quality and loan to value ratios. A credit risk rating system is used to determine loan grade and is based on borrower credit risk and transactional risk. The loan grading process is a mechanism used to determine the risk of a particular borrower and is based on the following eight factors of a borrower: character, earnings and operating cash flow, asset and liability structure, debt capacity, financial reporting, management and controls, borrowing entity, and industry and operating environment. Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss The credit risk profiles by internally assigned grade for loans and leases as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows: September 30, 2019 Commercial Commercial and Real Lease (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Total Grade: Pass $ 2,498,746 $ 3,139,428 $ 483,535 $ 166,880 $ 6,288,589 Special mention 119,553 125,082 308 878 245,821 Substandard 35,778 44,879 3,134 116 83,907 Total $ 2,654,077 $ 3,309,389 $ 486,977 $ 167,874 $ 6,618,317 December 31, 2018 Commercial Commercial and Real Lease (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Total Grade: Pass $ 3,069,546 $ 2,876,907 $ 625,607 $ 146,356 $ 6,718,416 Special mention 57,012 91,298 200 1,223 149,733 Substandard 82,010 22,578 950 190 105,728 Doubtful 192 — — — 192 Total $ 3,208,760 $ 2,990,783 $ 626,757 $ 147,769 $ 6,974,069 There were no loans and leases graded as Loss as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The credit risk profiles based on payment activity for loans and leases that were not subject to loan grading as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows: September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Residential Mortgage Home Equity Line Consumer Consumer - Auto Credit Cards Total Performing $ 3,663,274 $ 910,032 $ 230,849 $ 1,029,124 $ 343,814 $ 6,177,093 Non-performing and delinquent 8,150 6,074 6,032 22,242 5,488 47,986 Total $ 3,671,424 $ 916,106 $ 236,881 $ 1,051,366 $ 349,302 $ 6,225,079 December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Residential Mortgage Home Equity Line Consumer Consumer - Auto Credit Cards Total Performing $ 3,519,172 $ 903,284 $ 234,458 $ 1,044,393 $ 339,162 $ 6,040,469 Non-performing and delinquent 7,929 9,233 5,448 33,739 5,304 61,653 Total $ 3,527,101 $ 912,517 $ 239,906 $ 1,078,132 $ 344,466 $ 6,102,122 Impaired and Nonaccrual Loans and Leases The Company evaluates certain loans and leases individually for impairment. A loan or lease is considered to be impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan or lease. An allowance for impaired commercial loans, including commercial real estate and construction loans, is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price or the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs, if the loan is collateral dependent. An allowance for impaired residential loans is measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs. Management exercises significant judgment in developing these estimates. The Company generally places a loan on nonaccrual status when management believes that collection of principal or interest has become doubtful or when a loan or lease becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest, unless it is well secured and in the process of collection. It is the Company’s policy to charge off a loan when the facts indicate that the loan is considered uncollectible. The aging analyses of past due loans and leases as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows: September 30, 2019 Accruing Loans and Leases Greater Total Non Than or Total Accruing 30-59 60-89 Equal to Total Accruing Loans Days Days 90 Days Past Loans and and Total (dollars in thousands) Past Due Past Due Past Due Due Current Leases Leases Outstanding Commercial and industrial $ 1,426 $ 1,204 $ 750 $ 3,380 $ 2,650,685 $ 2,654,065 $ 12 $ 2,654,077 Commercial real estate 699 80 — 779 3,308,577 3,309,356 33 3,309,389 Construction — 3,169 — 3,169 483,808 486,977 — 486,977 Lease financing — — — — 167,874 167,874 — 167,874 Residential mortgage 2,499 1,553 139 4,191 3,663,274 3,667,465 3,959 3,671,424 Home equity line 1,933 949 3,192 6,074 910,032 916,106 — 916,106 Consumer 24,375 6,111 3,076 33,562 1,603,787 1,637,349 200 1,637,549 Total $ 30,932 $ 13,066 $ 7,157 $ 51,155 $ 12,788,037 $ 12,839,192 $ 4,204 $ 12,843,396 December 31, 2018 Accruing Loans and Leases Greater Total Non Than or Total Accruing 30-59 60-89 Equal to Total Accruing Loans Days Days 90 Days Past Loans and and Total (dollars in thousands) Past Due Past Due Past Due Due Current Leases Leases Outstanding Commercial and industrial $ 1,293 $ — $ 141 $ 1,434 $ 3,207,052 $ 3,208,486 $ 274 $ 3,208,760 Commercial real estate — — — — 2,989,125 2,989,125 1,658 2,990,783 Construction 91 — — 91 626,666 626,757 — 626,757 Lease financing 47 — — 47 147,722 147,769 — 147,769 Residential mortgage 2,274 1,012 32 3,318 3,519,172 3,522,490 4,611 3,527,101 Home equity line 5,616 775 2,842 9,233 903,284 912,517 — 912,517 Consumer 32,406 8,712 3,373 44,491 1,618,013 1,662,504 — 1,662,504 Total $ 41,727 $ 10,499 $ 6,388 $ 58,614 $ 13,011,034 $ 13,069,648 $ 6,543 $ 13,076,191 The total carrying amounts and the total unpaid principal balances of impaired loans and leases as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows: September 30, 2019 Unpaid Recorded Principal Related (dollars in thousands) Investment Balance Allowance Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 2,498 $ 2,510 $ — Commercial real estate 2,876 2,876 — Residential mortgage 8,454 8,519 — Consumer 200 632 — Total $ 14,028 $ 14,537 $ — Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 5,741 $ 5,741 $ 106 Commercial real estate 701 701 25 Residential mortgage 6,085 6,471 284 Total $ 12,527 $ 12,913 $ 415 Total impaired loans: Commercial and industrial $ 8,239 $ 8,251 $ 106 Commercial real estate 3,577 3,577 25 Residential mortgage 14,539 14,990 284 Consumer 200 632 — Total $ 26,555 $ 27,450 $ 415 December 31, 2018 Unpaid Recorded Principal Related (dollars in thousands) Investment Balance Allowance Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 4,449 $ 4,498 $ — Commercial real estate 5,016 5,016 — Residential mortgage 9,112 9,426 — Total $ 18,577 $ 18,940 $ — Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 4,270 $ 4,270 $ 108 Commercial real estate 727 727 32 Residential mortgage 7,002 7,387 396 Total $ 11,999 $ 12,384 $ 536 Total impaired loans: Commercial and industrial $ 8,719 $ 8,768 $ 108 Commercial real estate 5,743 5,743 32 Residential mortgage 16,114 16,813 396 Total $ 30,576 $ 31,324 $ 536 The following tables provide information with respect to the Company’s average balances, and of interest income recognized from, impaired loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2019 Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Income Recorded Income (dollars in thousands) Investment Recognized Investment Recognized Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 3,888 $ 38 $ 3,653 $ 123 Commercial real estate 2,946 38 3,524 250 Residential mortgage 8,065 88 8,365 280 Consumer 100 — 50 — Total $ 14,999 $ 164 $ 15,592 $ 653 Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 4,673 $ 94 $ 5,325 $ 301 Commercial real estate 706 10 714 30 Residential mortgage 6,608 98 6,882 297 Total $ 11,987 $ 202 $ 12,921 $ 628 Total impaired loans: Commercial and industrial $ 8,561 $ 132 $ 8,978 $ 424 Commercial real estate 3,652 48 4,238 280 Residential mortgage 14,673 186 15,247 577 Consumer 100 — 50 — Total $ 26,986 $ 366 $ 28,513 $ 1,281 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 September 30, 2018 Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Income Recorded Income (dollars in thousands) Investment Recognized Investment Recognized Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 8,830 $ 38 $ 13,149 $ 141 Commercial real estate 7,671 47 8,587 116 Construction 2,120 12 1,560 12 Residential mortgage 10,069 132 9,416 399 Total $ 28,690 $ 229 $ 32,712 $ 668 Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 5,605 $ 136 $ 2,875 $ 402 Commercial real estate 1,106 17 996 51 Residential mortgage 7,238 77 7,461 248 Total $ 13,949 $ 230 $ 11,332 $ 701 Total impaired loans: Commercial and industrial $ 14,435 $ 174 $ 16,024 $ 543 Commercial real estate 8,777 64 9,583 167 Construction 2,120 12 1,560 12 Residential mortgage 17,307 209 16,877 647 Total $ 42,639 $ 459 $ 44,044 $ 1,369 Modifications Commercial and industrial loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) may involve temporary interest-only payments, term extensions, and converting revolving credit lines to term loans. Modifications of commercial real estate and construction loans in a TDR may involve reducing the interest rate for the remaining term of the loan, extending the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, or substituting or adding a new borrower or guarantor. Modifications of construction loans in a TDR may also involve extending the interest-only payment period. Interest continues to accrue on the missed payments and as a result, the effective yield on the loan remains unchanged. As the forbearance period usually involves an insignificant payment delay, lease financing modifications typically do not meet the reporting criteria for a TDR. Residential real estate loans modified in a TDR may be comprised of loans where monthly payments are lowered to accommodate the borrowers' financial needs for a period of time, normally two years. Generally, consumer loans are not classified as a TDR as they are normally charged off upon reaching a predetermined delinquency status that ranges from 120 to 180 days and varies by product type. Loans modified in a TDR may already be on nonaccrual status and in some cases partial charge-offs may have already been taken against the outstanding loan balance. Loans modified in a TDR are evaluated for impairment. As a result, this may have a financial effect of increasing the specific Allowance associated with the loan. An Allowance for impaired commercial loans, including commercial real estate and construction loans, that have been modified in a TDR is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's observable market price, or the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs, if the loan is collateral dependent. An Allowance for impaired residential loans that have been modified in a TDR is measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs. Management exercises significant judgment in developing these estimates. The following presents, by class, information related to loans modified in a TDR during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2019 Number of Recorded Related Number of Recorded Related (dollars in thousands) Contracts Investment (1) Allowance Contracts Investment (1) Allowance Commercial and industrial — $ — $ — 4 $ 588 $ 26 Residential mortgage 1 609 — 2 957 13 Total 1 $ 609 $ — 6 $ 1,545 $ 39 (1) The recorded investment balances reflect all partial paydowns and charge-offs since the modification date and do not include TDRs that have been fully paid off, charged off, or foreclosed upon by the end of the period. Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 September 30, 2018 Number of Recorded Related Number of Recorded Related (dollars in thousands) Contracts Investment (1) Allowance Contracts Investment (1) Allowance Commercial and industrial — $ — $ — 1 $ 450 $ 12 Residential mortgage 3 883 30 3 883 30 Total 3 $ 883 $ 30 4 $ 1,333 $ 42 (1) The recorded investment balances reflect all partial paydowns and charge-offs since the modification date and do not include TDRs that have been fully paid off, charged off, or foreclosed upon by the end of the period. The above loans were modified in a TDR through an extension of maturity dates, temporary interest-only payments, reduced payments, or below-market interest rates. The Company had commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, and commercial letters of credit totaling $6.0 billion and $5.8 billion as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Of the $6.0 billion at September 30, 2019, there were commitments of $1.3 million related to borrowers who had loan terms modified in a TDR. Of the $5.8 billion at December 31, 2018, there were commitments of $1.8 million related to borrowers who had loan terms modified in a TDR. The following table presents, by class, loans modified in TDRs that have defaulted in the current period within 12 months of their permanent modification date for the periods indicated. The Company is reporting these defaulted TDRs based on a payment default definition of 30 days past due: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2018 Number of Recorded Number of Recorded Number of Recorded Number of Recorded (dollars in Contracts Investment (1) Contracts Investment (1) Contracts Investment (1) Contracts Investment (1) Commercial and industrial (2) 2 $ 588 4 $ 588 — $ — 2 $ 254 Residential mortgage (3) — — 1 348 — — — — Total 2 $ 588 5 $ 936 — $ — 2 $ 254 (1) The recorded investment balances reflect all partial paydowns and charge-offs since the modification date and do not include TDRs that have been fully paid off, charged off, or foreclosed upon by the end of the period. (2) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the commercial and industrial loans that subsequently defaulted were temporarily modified to interest-only payments. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the maturity dates for the commercial and industrial loans that subsequently defaulted were extended. (3) For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the maturity date for the residential mortgage loan that subsequently defaulted was extended. Foreclosure Proceedings There was one residential mortgage loan collateralized by real estate property of $0.3 million that was modified in a TDR that was in process of foreclosure as of both September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Foreclosed Property Residential real estate property held from one foreclosed residential mortgage included in other real estate owned and repossessed personal property shown in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet was $0.1 million as of September 30, 2019. Residential real estate properties held from one foreclosed residential mortgage loan and one foreclosed home equity line included in other real estate owned and repossessed personal property shown in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets were $0.8 million as of December 31, 2018. |