Allowance for Credit Losses | 4. Allowance for Credit Losses The Company maintains an ACL that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans and leases to present the net carrying value of loans and leases expected to be collected. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount of loans and leases. The Company also maintains an estimated reserve for unfunded commitments on the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets. The reserve for unfunded commitments is reduced in the period in which the OBS financial instruments expire, loan funding occurs, or is otherwise settled. The U.S. has been operating under a presidentially declared emergency since March 13, 2020 (the “National Emergency”) as a result of COVID-19. On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law. The CARES Act creates a forbearance program for federally backed mortgage loans, protects borrowers from negative credit reporting due to loan accommodations related to the National Emergency, and provides financial institutions the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19. Financial institutions accounting for eligible loans under the CARES Act are not required to report such loans as TDRs in accordance with GAAP. In addition, Interagency Statements were issued on March 22, 2020 and April 7, 2020 to encourage financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers and to describe the agencies’ interpretation of how current accounting rules under GAAP apply to certain COVID-19 related modifications. The agencies confirmed with the FASB that short-term modifications (e.g., six months or less) for payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or delays in payment that are insignificant and made on a good faith basis in response to borrowers impacted by COVID-19 who were current prior to any relief are not TDRs under GAAP. The agencies also confirmed that these short-term modifications should not be reported as being on nonaccrual status and should not be considered past due during the period of the deferral. Rollforward of the Allowance for Credit Losses The following presents the activity in the ACL by class of loans and leases for the three months ended March 31, 2020: Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance at beginning of period $ 28,975 $ 22,325 $ 4,844 $ 424 $ 29,303 $ 9,876 $ 34,644 $ 139 $ 130,530 Adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 (16,105) 10,559 (1,803) 207 (2,793) (4,731) 15,575 (139) 770 Charge-offs (201) — — — — (8) (8,597) — (8,806) Recoveries 220 — 110 — 135 122 2,083 — 2,670 Increase in Provision 7,995 9,954 5,673 220 3,376 1,297 12,334 — 40,849 Balance at end of period $ 20,884 $ 42,838 $ 8,824 $ 851 $ 30,021 $ 6,556 $ 56,039 $ — $ 166,013 The following presents the activity in the ACL by class of loans and leases for the three months ended March 31, 2019, presented in accordance with Topic 310, Receivables Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Commercial Lending Commercial Commercial and Real Lease (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance at beginning of period $ 34,501 $ 19,725 $ 5,813 $ 432 $ 44,906 $ 35,813 $ 528 $ 141,718 Charge-offs — — — (24) — (8,598) — (8,622) Recoveries 37 31 — — 250 2,452 — 2,770 Increase (decrease) in Provision (2,745) 1,441 (432) 3 (245) 5,432 2,226 5,680 Balance at end of period $ 31,793 $ 21,197 $ 5,381 $ 411 $ 44,911 $ 35,099 $ 2,754 $ 141,546 The disaggregation of the ACL and recorded investment in loans by impairment methodology as of December 31, 2019, presented in accordance with Topic 310, Receivables December 31, 2019 Commercial Lending Commercial Commercial and Real Lease (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for credit losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 46 $ 27 $ — $ — $ 130 $ — $ — $ 203 Collectively evaluated for impairment 28,929 22,298 4,844 424 39,049 34,644 139 130,327 Balance at end of period $ 28,975 $ 22,325 $ 4,844 $ 424 $ 39,179 $ 34,644 $ 139 $ 130,530 Loans and leases: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 4,951 $ 723 $ — $ — $ 14,964 $ — $ — $ 20,638 Collectively evaluated for impairment 2,738,291 3,463,230 519,241 202,483 4,647,211 1,620,556 — 13,191,012 Balance at end of period $ 2,743,242 $ 3,463,953 $ 519,241 $ 202,483 $ 4,662,175 $ 1,620,556 $ — $ 13,211,650 Rollforward of the Reserve for Unfunded Commitments The following presents the activity in the Reserve for Unfunded Commitments for the three months ended March 31, 2020: Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Reserve for unfunded commitments: Balance at beginning of period $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 600 $ 600 Adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 5,390 778 4,119 — 7 6,587 (581) 16,300 Increase (decrease) in Provision (599) (82) 694 — (6) 340 4 351 Balance at end of period $ 4,791 $ 696 $ 4,813 $ — $ 1 $ 6,927 $ 23 $ 17,251 Credit Quality Information The Company performs an internal loan review and grading or scoring procedures on an ongoing basis. The review provides management with periodic information as to the quality of the loan portfolio and effectiveness of the Company’s lending policies and procedures. The objective of the loan review and grading or scoring procedures is to identify, in a timely manner, existing or emerging credit quality issues so that appropriate steps can be initiated to avoid or minimize future losses. Loans and leases subject to grading primarily include: commercial and industrial loans, commercial real estate loans, construction loans and lease financing. Other loans subject to grading include installment loans to businesses or individuals for business and commercial purposes, overdraft lines of credit, commercial credit cards, and other credits as may be determined. Credit quality indicators for internally graded loans and leases are generally updated on an annual basis or on a quarterly basis for those loans and leases deemed to be of potentially higher risk. An internal credit risk rating system is used to determine loan grade and is based on borrower credit risk and transactional risk. The loan grading process is a mechanism used to determine the risk of a particular borrower and is based on the following factors of a borrower: character, earnings and operating cash flow, asset and liability structure, debt capacity, management and controls, borrowing entity, and industry and operating environment. Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Loans that are primarily monitored for credit quality using FICO scores include: residential real estate loans, home equity lines and consumer loans. FICO scores are calculated primarily based on a consideration of payment history, the current amount of debt, the length of credit history available, a recent history of new sources of credit and the mix of credit type. FICO scores are updated on a monthly, quarterly or bi-annual basis, depending on the product type. The amortized cost basis by year of origination and credit quality indicator of the Company's loans and leases as of March 31, 2020 was as follows: Revolving Loans Converted Term Loans Revolving to Term Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Loans Loans Amortized Amortized (dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Cost Basis Cost Basis Total Commercial Lending Commercial and Industrial Risk rating: Pass $ 96,493 $ 364,221 $ 294,506 $ 86,993 $ 72,683 $ 210,731 $ 1,542,232 $ 62,021 $ 2,729,880 Special Mention 126 3,490 2,757 360 535 7,064 88,787 256 103,375 Substandard 160 7,456 3,568 1,569 57 5,465 50,830 969 70,074 Other (1) 7,239 18,375 13,894 8,985 3,859 1,247 68,417 — 122,016 Total Commercial and Industrial 104,018 393,542 314,725 97,907 77,134 224,507 1,750,266 63,246 3,025,345 Commercial Real Estate Risk rating: Pass 70,775 731,880 577,488 497,579 324,782 1,024,477 47,680 2 3,274,663 Special Mention — 8,810 17,407 23,558 28,562 27,346 2,999 — 108,682 Substandard — 24,404 — — 426 4,325 — — 29,155 Other (1) — — — — — 514 — — 514 Total Commercial Real Estate 70,775 765,094 594,895 521,137 353,770 1,056,662 50,679 2 3,413,014 Construction Risk rating: Pass 15,537 96,333 192,397 99,207 25,151 53,105 25,991 — 507,721 Special Mention — — — — — — 200 — 200 Substandard — — — 2,219 — 1,002 — — 3,221 Other (1) 2,269 31,408 14,370 6,562 1,735 4,576 — — 60,920 Total Construction 17,806 127,741 206,767 107,988 26,886 58,683 26,191 — 572,062 Lease Financing Risk rating: Pass 49,616 73,066 17,998 22,263 5,939 66,866 — — 235,748 Special Mention — 287 84 440 — 64 — — 875 Total Lease Financing 49,616 73,353 18,082 22,703 5,939 66,930 — — 236,623 Total Commercial Lending $ 242,215 $ 1,359,730 $ 1,134,469 $ 749,735 $ 463,729 $ 1,406,782 $ 1,827,136 $ 63,248 $ 7,247,044 (continued) Revolving Loans Converted Term Loans Revolving to Term Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Loans Loans (continued) Amortized Amortized (dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Cost Basis Cost Basis Total Residential Lending Residential Mortgage FICO: 740 and greater $ 134,802 $ 429,854 $ 380,979 $ 437,915 $ 376,570 $ 1,044,890 $ — $ — $ 2,805,010 680 - 739 28,248 71,374 69,543 69,434 44,492 170,974 — — 454,065 620 - 679 3,527 13,645 11,235 13,074 11,621 57,611 — — 110,713 550 - 619 2,012 1,834 3,547 4,096 3,050 13,474 — — 28,013 Less than 550 — — 1,206 1,912 966 6,363 — — 10,447 No Score (3) 11,783 21,987 25,655 26,042 16,592 54,212 — — 156,271 Other (2) 4,783 20,938 26,627 25,451 12,528 17,524 580 505 108,936 Total Residential Mortgage 185,155 559,632 518,792 577,924 465,819 1,365,048 580 505 3,673,455 Home Equity Line FICO: 740 and greater — — — — — — 629,818 — 629,818 680 - 739 — — — — — — 173,990 — 173,990 620 - 679 — — — — — — 58,863 — 58,863 550 - 619 — — — — — — 16,863 — 16,863 Less than 550 — — — — — — 6,852 — 6,852 No Score (3) — — — — — — 5,312 — 5,312 Total Home Equity Line — — — — — — 891,698 — 891,698 Total Residential Lending 185,155 559,632 518,792 577,924 465,819 1,365,048 892,278 505 4,565,153 Consumer Lending FICO: 740 and greater 46,781 150,459 128,010 76,608 41,303 17,034 117,149 — 577,344 680 - 739 29,047 124,783 99,908 59,075 29,503 13,332 92,315 — 447,963 620 - 679 11,357 73,221 51,785 35,102 18,932 9,072 49,123 — 248,592 550 - 619 1,679 21,334 23,130 20,105 10,676 6,105 18,624 — 101,653 Less than 550 581 7,625 12,696 12,928 6,832 3,459 7,906 — 52,027 No Score (3) 2,796 6,248 174 151 30 3 37,382 — 46,784 Other (2) 600 9,173 104 2,230 100 6,823 74,680 — 93,710 Total Consumer Lending 92,841 392,843 315,807 206,199 107,376 55,828 397,179 — 1,568,073 Total Loans and Leases $ 520,211 $ 2,312,205 $ 1,969,068 $ 1,533,858 $ 1,036,924 $ 2,827,658 $ 3,116,593 $ 63,753 $ 13,380,270 (1) Other credit quality indicators used for monitoring purposes are primarily FICO scores. (2) Other credit quality indicators used for monitoring purposes are primarily internal risk ratings. (3) No FICO scores are primarily related to loans and leases extended to non-residents. Loans and leases of this nature are primarily secured by collateral and/or are closely monitored for performance. There were no loans and leases graded as Loss as of March 31, 2020. The amortized cost basis of revolving loans that were converted to term loans during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was as follows: Three Months Ended (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2020 Commercial and industrial $ 28,228 Residential mortgage 296 Total Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans During the Period $ 28,524 The credit risk profiles by internally assigned grade for loans and leases as of December 31, 2019, presented in accordance with Topic 310, Receivables December 31, 2019 Commercial Commercial and Real Lease (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Total Grade: Pass $ 2,585,908 $ 3,327,659 $ 515,993 $ 201,461 $ 6,631,021 Special mention 91,365 106,331 127 1,022 198,845 Substandard 65,969 29,963 3,121 — 99,053 Total $ 2,743,242 $ 3,463,953 $ 519,241 $ 202,483 $ 6,928,919 There were no loans and leases graded as Loss as of December 31, 2019. The credit risk profiles based on payment activity for loans and leases that were not subject to loan grading as of December 31, 2019, presented in accordance with Topic 310, Receivables December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Residential Mortgage Home Equity Line Consumer Consumer - Auto Credit Cards Total Performing $ 3,759,799 $ 886,879 $ 219,046 $ 1,016,142 $ 347,264 $ 6,229,130 Non-performing and delinquent 9,137 6,360 7,258 24,326 6,520 53,601 Total $ 3,768,936 $ 893,239 $ 226,304 $ 1,040,468 $ 353,784 $ 6,282,731 Past-Due Status The Company continually updates its aging analysis for loans and leases to monitor the migration of loans and leases into past due categories. The Company considers loans and leases that are delinquent for 30 days or more to be past due. As of March 31, 2020, the aging analysis of the amortized cost basis of the Company’s past due loans and leases was as follows: March 31, 2020 Past Due Loans and Greater Leases Past Than or Due 90 Days 30-59 60-89 Equal to or More and Days Days 90 Days Total Total Loans Still Accruing (dollars in thousands) Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current and Leases Interest Commercial and industrial $ 6,634 $ 1,010 $ 4,041 $ 11,685 $ 3,013,660 $ 3,025,345 $ 4,007 Commercial real estate 14,204 2,706 757 17,667 3,395,347 3,413,014 757 Construction 6,003 104 2,570 8,677 563,385 572,062 148 Lease financing — — — — 236,623 236,623 — Residential mortgage 3,556 2,349 2,671 8,576 3,664,879 3,673,455 82 Home equity line 6,947 1,462 2,566 10,975 880,723 891,698 2,566 Consumer 33,077 6,223 3,353 42,653 1,525,420 1,568,073 3,353 Total $ 70,421 $ 13,854 $ 15,958 $ 100,233 $ 13,280,037 $ 13,380,270 $ 10,913 As of December 31, 2019, the aging analysis of the Company’s past due loans and leases, presented in accordance with Topic 310, Receivables December 31, 2019 Accruing Loans and Leases Greater Total Non Than or Total Accruing 30-59 60-89 Equal to Total Accruing Loans Days Days 90 Days Past Loans and and Total (dollars in thousands) Past Due Past Due Past Due Due Current Leases Leases Outstanding Commercial and industrial $ 1,525 $ 808 $ 1,429 $ 3,762 $ 2,739,448 $ 2,743,210 $ 32 $ 2,743,242 Commercial real estate 1,664 1,125 1,013 3,802 3,460,121 3,463,923 30 3,463,953 Construction — — 2,367 2,367 516,874 519,241 — 519,241 Lease financing — — — — 202,483 202,483 — 202,483 Residential mortgage 3,258 399 74 3,731 3,759,799 3,763,530 5,406 3,768,936 Home equity line 2,971 394 2,995 6,360 886,879 893,239 — 893,239 Consumer 26,810 7,022 4,272 38,104 1,582,452 1,620,556 — 1,620,556 Total $ 36,228 $ 9,748 $ 12,150 $ 58,126 $ 13,148,056 $ 13,206,182 $ 5,468 $ 13,211,650 Nonaccrual Loans and Leases The Company generally places a loan or lease on nonaccrual status when management believes that collection of principal or interest has become doubtful or when a loan or lease becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest, unless it is well secured and in the process of collection. The Company charges off a loan or lease when facts indicate that the loan or lease is considered uncollectible. The amortized cost basis of loans and leases on nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2020 and January 1, 2020 and the amortized cost basis of loans and leases on nonaccrual status with no allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2020 were as follows: March 31, 2020 January 1, 2020 Nonaccrual Loans and Leases With No Nonaccrual Nonaccrual Allowance Loans Loans (dollars in thousands) for Credit Losses and Leases and Leases Commercial and industrial $ — $ 32 $ 32 Commercial real estate — — 30 Construction — 2,422 — Residential mortgage 806 4,472 5,406 Total Nonaccrual Loans and Leases $ 806 $ 6,926 $ 5,468 For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized interest income of nil on nonaccrual loans and leases. Furthermore, for the three months ended March 31, 2020, the amount of accrued interest receivables written off by reversing interest income was not material. Collateral-Dependent Loans and Leases Collateral-dependent loans and leases are those for which repayment (on the basis of the Company’s assessment as of the reporting date) is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. As of March 31, 2020, the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans was $35.1 million. These loans were primarily collateralized by residential real estate property and borrower assets. As of March 31, 2020, the fair value of collateral on substantially all collateral-dependent loans were significantly in excess of their amortized cost basis. Impaired Loans The total carrying amounts and the total unpaid principal balances of impaired loans and leases as of December 31, 2019, presented in accordance with Topic 310, Receivables December 31, 2019 Unpaid Recorded Principal Related (dollars in thousands) Investment Balance Allowance Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 3,825 $ 3,841 $ — Commercial real estate 30 30 — Residential mortgage 10,425 10,718 — Total $ 14,280 $ 14,589 $ — Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 1,126 $ 1,126 $ 46 Commercial real estate 693 693 27 Residential mortgage 4,539 4,819 130 Total $ 6,358 $ 6,638 $ 203 Total impaired loans: Commercial and industrial $ 4,951 $ 4,967 $ 46 Commercial real estate 723 723 27 Residential mortgage 14,964 15,537 130 Total $ 20,638 $ 21,227 $ 203 The following table provides information with respect to the Company’s average balances, and of interest income recognized from, impaired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2019, presented in accordance with Topic 310, Receivables Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Average Interest Recorded Income (dollars in thousands) Investment Recognized Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 3,418 $ 29 Commercial real estate 4,102 171 Residential mortgage 8,666 100 Total $ 16,186 $ 300 Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 5,978 $ 108 Commercial real estate 723 10 Residential mortgage 7,156 96 Total $ 13,857 $ 214 Total impaired loans: Commercial and industrial $ 9,396 $ 137 Commercial real estate 4,825 181 Residential mortgage 15,822 196 Total $ 30,043 $ 514 Modifications Commercial and industrial loans modified in a TDR may involve temporary interest-only payments, term extensions, and converting revolving credit lines to term loans. Modifications of commercial real estate and construction loans in a TDR may involve reducing the interest rate for the remaining term of the loan, extending the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, or substituting or adding a new borrower or guarantor. Modifications of construction loans in a TDR may also involve extending the interest-only payment period. Interest continues to accrue on the missed payments and as a result, the effective yield on the loan remains unchanged. As the forbearance period usually involves an insignificant payment delay, lease financing modifications typically do not meet the reporting criteria for a TDR. Residential real estate loans modified in a TDR may be comprised of loans where monthly payments are lowered to accommodate the borrowers' financial needs for a period of time, normally two years. Generally, consumer loans are not classified as a TDR as they are normally charged off upon reaching a predetermined delinquency status that ranges from 120 to 180 days and varies by product type. Loans modified in a TDR may already be on nonaccrual status and in some cases partial charge-offs may have already been taken against the outstanding loan balance. Loans modified in a TDR are evaluated for impairment. As a result, this may have a financial effect of increasing the specific ACL associated with the loan. An ACL for impaired commercial loans, including commercial real estate and construction loans, that have been modified in a TDR is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or if the loan is collateral dependent, the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs. An ACL for impaired residential real estate loans that have been modified in a TDR is measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs. Management exercises significant judgment in developing these estimates. The following presents, by class, information related to loans modified in a TDR during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019: Three Months Ended Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 March 31, 2019 Number of Recorded Related Number of Recorded Related (dollars in thousands) Contracts Investment (1) Allowance Contracts Investment (1) Allowance Commercial and industrial 1 $ 500 $ 30 4 $ 916 $ 24 Residential mortgage — — — 1 352 14 Total 1 $ 500 $ 30 5 $ 1,268 $ 38 (1) The recorded investment balances reflect all partial paydowns and charge-offs since the modification date and do not include TDRs that have been fully paid off, charged off, or foreclosed upon by the end of the period. The above loans were modified in a TDR through an extension of maturity dates, temporary interest-only payments, reduced payments, or below-market interest rates. The Company had commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, and commercial letters of credit totaling $5.9 billion and $6.1 billion as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Of the $5.9 billion at March 31, 2020, there were commitments of $2.0 million related to borrowers who had loan terms modified in a TDR. Of the $6.1 billion at December 31, 2019, there were commitments of $4.5 million related to borrowers who had loan terms modified in a TDR. There were no loans modified in TDRs that have defaulted in the current period within 12 months of their permanent modification dates during both the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. Foreclosure Proceedings As of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there was one residential mortgage loan collateralized by real estate property of $0.3 million that was modified in a TDR that was in process of foreclosure. Foreclosed Property As of March 31, 2020, residential real estate property held from one foreclosed residential real estate loan was held and included in other real estate owned and repossessed personal property with a carrying value of $0.2 million on the consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2019, residential real estate properties from two foreclosed residential real estate loans were held and included in other real estate owned and repossessed personal property with a carrying value of $0.3 million on the consolidated balance sheet. |