Allowance for Credit Losses | 4. Allowance for Credit Losses The Company maintains the allowance for credit losses for loans and leases (the “ACL”) that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans and leases to present the net carrying value of loans and leases expected to be collected. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectibility of the reported amount of loans and leases. The Company also maintains an estimated reserve for unfunded commitments on the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets. The reserve for unfunded commitments is reduced in the period in which the off-balance sheet financial instruments expire, loan funding occurs, or is otherwise settled. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, on March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law. The CARES Act creates a forbearance program for federally backed mortgage loans, protects borrowers from negative credit reporting due to loan accommodations related to the National Emergency, and provides financial institutions the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under GAAP related to troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19. Financial institutions accounting for eligible loans under the CARES Act are not required to report such loans as TDRs in accordance with GAAP. In addition, Interagency Statements were issued on March 22, 2020 and April 7, 2020 to encourage financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers and to describe the agencies’ interpretation of how current accounting rules under GAAP apply to certain COVID-19 related modifications. The agencies confirmed with the FASB that short-term modifications (e.g., six months or less) for payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or delays in payment that are insignificant and made on a good faith basis in response to borrowers impacted by COVID-19 who were current prior to any relief are not TDRs under GAAP. The agencies also confirmed that these short-term modifications should not be reported as being on nonaccrual status and should not be considered past due during the period of the deferral. The Company has adopted the provisions of both the CARES Act and Interagency Statements. The Company is first applying the CARES Act guidance in determining if certain loan modifications are not required to be reported as TDRs. If the loan modification does not qualify under the CARES Act, then the Interagency Statement guidance is applied. On December 27, 2020, the Consolidated Appropriations Act – 2021 (the “CAA”) was signed into law, which extends the temporary relief from the accounting and disclosure requirements for TDRs. To qualify for TDR accounting and disclosure relief under the CARES Act, as amended by the CAA, the applicable loan must not have been more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019, and the modification must be executed during the period beginning on March 1, 2020, and ending on the earlier of January 1, 2022, or the date that is 60 days after the termination date of the national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020, under the National Emergencies Act related to the outbreak of COVID-19. The interim consolidated financial information below reflects the application of this guidance. Rollforward of the Allowance for Credit Losses The following presents the activity in the ACL by class of loans and leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020: Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance at beginning of period $ 23,063 $ 47,033 $ 10,152 $ 3,067 $ 34,208 $ 6,250 $ 45,375 $ 169,148 Charge-offs (224) — — — — (235) (2,926) (3,385) Recoveries 121 15 — — 215 27 2,405 2,783 Increase (decrease) in Provision 796 (3,449) (398) (833) (655) (325) (2,436) (7,300) Balance at end of period $ 23,756 $ 43,599 $ 9,754 $ 2,234 $ 33,768 $ 5,717 $ 42,418 $ 161,246 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance at beginning of period $ 24,711 $ 58,123 $ 10,039 $ 3,298 $ 40,461 $ 7,163 $ 64,659 $ 208,454 Charge-offs (1,517) (66) — — (98) (235) (13,384) (15,300) Recoveries 623 30 166 — 246 89 7,857 9,011 Decrease in Provision (61) (14,488) (451) (1,064) (6,841) (1,300) (16,714) (40,919) Balance at end of period $ 23,756 $ 43,599 $ 9,754 $ 2,234 $ 33,768 $ 5,717 $ 42,418 $ 161,246 Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance at beginning of period $ 21,299 $ 53,122 $ 5,276 $ 3,837 $ 33,874 $ 7,635 $ 67,077 $ 192,120 Charge-offs (598) — — — — — (4,238) (4,836) Recoveries 1,699 — 30 — 27 16 3,148 4,920 Increase (decrease) in Provision (1,129) (1,389) (372) 214 8,316 (50) (1,918) 3,672 Balance at end of period $ 21,271 $ 51,733 $ 4,934 $ 4,051 $ 42,217 $ 7,601 $ 64,069 $ 195,876 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance at beginning of period $ 28,975 $ 22,325 $ 4,844 $ 424 $ 29,303 $ 9,876 $ 34,644 $ 139 $ 130,530 Adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 (16,105) 10,559 (1,803) 207 (2,793) (4,731) 15,575 (139) 770 Charge-offs (14,773) (2,723) (379) — (14) (8) (21,742) — (39,639) Recoveries 2,019 — 170 — 179 146 7,687 — 10,201 Increase in Provision 21,155 21,572 2,102 3,420 15,542 2,318 27,905 — 94,014 Balance at end of period $ 21,271 $ 51,733 $ 4,934 $ 4,051 $ 42,217 $ 7,601 $ 64,069 $ — $ 195,876 Rollforward of the Reserve for Unfunded Commitments The following presents the activity in the Reserve for Unfunded Commitments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021: Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Reserve for unfunded commitments: Balance at beginning of period $ 12,808 $ 978 $ 7,873 $ — $ — $ 7,521 $ 42 $ 29,222 Increase in Provision 446 255 902 — — 1,669 28 3,300 Balance at end of period $ 13,254 $ 1,233 $ 8,775 $ — $ — $ 9,190 $ 70 $ 32,522 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Reserve for unfunded commitments: Balance at beginning of period $ 11,719 $ 1,328 $ 9,037 $ — $ 2 $ 8,452 $ 65 $ 30,603 Increase (decrease) in Provision 1,535 (95) (262) — (2) 738 5 1,919 Balance at end of period $ 13,254 $ 1,233 $ 8,775 $ — $ — $ 9,190 $ 70 $ 32,522 Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Reserve for unfunded commitments: Balance at beginning of period $ 8,181 $ 1,168 $ 5,908 $ — $ 3 $ 7,890 $ 54 $ 23,204 Increase in Provision 1,212 (57) (749) — 1 996 (3) 1,400 Balance at end of period $ 9,393 $ 1,111 $ 5,159 $ — $ 4 $ 8,886 $ 51 $ 24,604 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Reserve for unfunded commitments: Balance at beginning of period $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 600 $ 600 Adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 5,390 778 4,119 — 7 6,587 (581) 16,300 Increase (decrease) in Provision 4,003 333 1,040 — (3) 2,299 32 7,704 Balance at end of period $ 9,393 $ 1,111 $ 5,159 $ — $ 4 $ 8,886 $ 51 $ 24,604 Credit Quality Information The Company performs an internal loan review and grading or scoring procedures on an ongoing basis. The review provides management with periodic information as to the quality of the loan portfolio and effectiveness of the Company’s lending policies and procedures. The objective of the loan review and grading or scoring procedures is to identify, in a timely manner, existing or emerging credit quality issues so that appropriate steps can be initiated to avoid or minimize future losses. Loans and leases subject to grading primarily include: commercial and industrial loans, commercial real estate loans, construction loans and lease financing. Other loans subject to grading include installment loans to businesses or individuals for business and commercial purposes, overdraft lines of credit, commercial credit cards, and other credits as may be determined. Credit quality indicators for internally graded loans and leases are generally updated on an annual basis or on a quarterly basis for those loans and leases deemed to be of potentially higher risk. An internal credit risk rating system is used to determine loan grade and is based on borrower credit risk and transactional risk. The loan grading process is a mechanism used to determine the risk of a particular borrower and is based on the following factors of a borrower: character, earnings and operating cash flow, asset and liability structure, debt capacity, management and controls, borrowing entity, and industry and operating environment. Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Loans that are primarily monitored for credit quality using FICO scores include: residential mortgage loans, home equity lines and consumer loans. FICO scores are calculated primarily based on a consideration of payment history, the current amount of debt, the length of credit history available, a recent history of new sources of credit and the mix of credit type. FICO scores are updated on a monthly, quarterly or bi-annual basis, depending on the product type. The amortized cost basis by year of origination and credit quality indicator of the Company’s loans and leases as of September 30, 2021 was as follows: Revolving Loans Converted Term Loans Revolving to Term Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Loans Loans Amortized Amortized (dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Cost Basis Cost Basis Total Commercial Lending Commercial and Industrial Risk rating: Pass $ 633,079 $ 172,147 $ 162,921 $ 128,968 $ 31,439 $ 194,494 $ 578,257 $ 21,767 $ 1,923,072 Special Mention 5,421 4,709 104,973 4,083 1,069 4,292 23,127 289 147,963 Substandard 371 1,663 2,102 13,874 97 8,285 19,162 1,307 46,861 Other (1) 10,257 7,897 8,955 5,364 2,740 573 41,702 — 77,488 Total Commercial and Industrial 649,128 186,416 278,951 152,289 35,345 207,644 662,248 23,363 2,195,384 Commercial Real Estate Risk rating: Pass 493,286 342,433 578,079 522,123 429,840 967,286 59,685 — 3,392,732 Special Mention — 1,472 48,916 16,054 28,264 56,319 7,604 — 158,629 Substandard — — — 1,907 258 15,578 502 — 18,245 Other (1) — — — — — 162 — — 162 Total Commercial Real Estate 493,286 343,905 626,995 540,084 458,362 1,039,345 67,791 — 3,569,768 Construction Risk rating: Pass 57,368 94,127 285,960 151,714 63,031 67,670 58,013 — 777,883 Special Mention — — 473 708 — 359 — — 1,540 Substandard — — — 369 — 850 — — 1,219 Other (1) 19,268 10,753 4,367 4,955 2,710 2,581 802 — 45,436 Total Construction 76,636 104,880 290,800 157,746 65,741 71,460 58,815 — 826,078 Lease Financing Risk rating: Pass 26,419 64,989 53,457 10,371 15,819 58,940 — — 229,995 Special Mention 523 282 501 182 27 201 — — 1,716 Substandard — 2,720 1,506 225 1,037 490 — — 5,978 Total Lease Financing 26,942 67,991 55,464 10,778 16,883 59,631 — — 237,689 Total Commercial Lending $ 1,245,992 $ 703,192 $ 1,252,210 $ 860,897 $ 576,331 $ 1,378,080 $ 788,854 $ 23,363 $ 6,828,919 (continued) Revolving Loans Converted Term Loans Revolving to Term Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Loans Loans (continued) Amortized Amortized (dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Cost Basis Cost Basis Total Residential Lending Residential Mortgage FICO: 740 and greater $ 804,889 $ 661,402 $ 306,706 $ 209,819 $ 270,664 $ 879,063 $ — $ — $ 3,132,543 680 - 739 104,415 79,553 52,470 36,440 40,109 141,178 — — 454,165 620 - 679 14,479 11,825 6,941 5,683 10,341 41,481 — — 90,750 550 - 619 231 818 193 2,059 1,428 7,378 — — 12,107 Less than 550 — — — 490 2,533 3,127 — — 6,150 No Score (3) 13,307 8,559 15,727 20,112 18,265 46,312 — — 122,282 Other (2) 18,701 17,823 10,835 11,779 18,988 17,737 625 147 96,635 Total Residential Mortgage 956,022 779,980 392,872 286,382 362,328 1,136,276 625 147 3,914,632 Home Equity Line FICO: 740 and greater — — — — — — 637,131 2,220 639,351 680 - 739 — — — — — — 150,452 3,485 153,937 620 - 679 — — — — — — 38,987 1,709 40,696 550 - 619 — — — — — — 10,433 1,473 11,906 Less than 550 — — — — — — 2,260 70 2,330 No Score (3) — — — — — — 3,854 — 3,854 Total Home Equity Line — — — — — — 843,117 8,957 852,074 Total Residential Lending 956,022 779,980 392,872 286,382 362,328 1,136,276 843,742 9,104 4,766,706 Consumer Lending FICO: 740 and greater 130,773 88,770 88,797 65,818 30,908 11,516 107,938 245 524,765 680 - 739 72,447 63,996 65,105 41,209 21,461 8,912 68,887 717 342,734 620 - 679 27,131 28,491 33,219 22,225 15,042 6,825 30,956 1,398 165,287 550 - 619 3,181 8,735 15,408 12,262 9,546 4,829 10,150 1,177 65,288 Less than 550 341 3,200 6,116 4,665 3,196 1,757 2,983 578 22,836 No Score (3) 1,155 60 81 46 77 3 34,234 420 36,076 Other (2) 709 368 1,735 30 2,183 38 76,665 — 81,728 Total Consumer Lending 235,737 193,620 210,461 146,255 82,413 33,880 331,813 4,535 1,238,714 Total Loans and Leases $ 2,437,751 $ 1,676,792 $ 1,855,543 $ 1,293,534 $ 1,021,072 $ 2,548,236 $ 1,964,409 $ 37,002 $ 12,834,339 (1) Other credit quality indicators used for monitoring purposes are primarily FICO scores. The majority of the loans in this population were originated to borrowers with a prime FICO score. (2) Other credit quality indicators used for monitoring purposes are primarily internal risk ratings. The majority of the loans in this population were graded with a “Pass” rating. (3) No FICO scores are primarily related to loans and leases extended to non-residents. Loans and leases of this nature are primarily secured by collateral and/or are closely monitored for performance. The amortized cost basis by year of origination and credit quality indicator of the Company’s loans and leases as of December 31, 2020 was as follows: Revolving Loans Converted Term Loans Revolving to Term Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Loans Loans Amortized Amortized (dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Cost Basis Cost Basis Total Commercial Lending Commercial and Industrial Risk rating: Pass $ 873,639 $ 324,030 $ 183,329 $ 73,000 $ 49,886 $ 94,360 $ 1,058,786 $ 28,853 $ 2,685,883 Special Mention 20,937 10,370 20,164 2,099 279 8,316 101,183 1,549 164,897 Substandard 23,804 2,023 2,568 677 4,063 8,113 33,775 250 75,273 Other (1) 13,142 13,426 9,246 5,337 1,867 280 50,156 — 93,454 Total Commercial and Industrial 931,522 349,849 215,307 81,113 56,095 111,069 1,243,900 30,652 3,019,507 Commercial Real Estate Risk rating: Pass 342,845 611,243 541,104 447,366 295,426 814,398 47,604 323 3,100,309 Special Mention 1,500 63,617 26,187 33,482 37,841 61,279 2,999 — 226,905 Substandard 29 3,964 18,983 3,779 10,615 18,083 9,511 — 64,964 Other (1) — — — — — 498 — — 498 Total Commercial Real Estate 344,374 678,824 586,274 484,627 343,882 894,258 60,114 323 3,392,676 Construction Risk rating: Pass 53,931 233,730 202,808 83,792 23,171 41,536 28,386 — 667,354 Special Mention — 508 707 4,717 — 9,172 — — 15,104 Substandard — — 541 1,840 521 989 — — 3,891 Other (1) 16,578 16,393 7,775 3,685 1,800 2,656 583 — 49,470 Total Construction 70,509 250,631 211,831 94,034 25,492 54,353 28,969 — 735,819 Lease Financing Risk rating: Pass 79,064 60,717 13,669 17,207 3,010 61,266 — — 234,933 Special Mention 950 892 311 1,300 351 295 — — 4,099 Substandard 2,708 1,677 327 1,141 — 526 — — 6,379 Total Lease Financing 82,722 63,286 14,307 19,648 3,361 62,087 — — 245,411 Total Commercial Lending $ 1,429,127 $ 1,342,590 $ 1,027,719 $ 679,422 $ 428,830 $ 1,121,767 $ 1,332,983 $ 30,975 $ 7,393,413 (continued) Revolving Loans Converted Term Loans Revolving to Term Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Loans Loans (continued) Amortized Amortized (dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Cost Basis Cost Basis Total Residential Lending Residential Mortgage FICO: 740 and greater $ 728,807 $ 384,248 $ 290,484 $ 361,297 $ 314,971 $ 830,795 $ — $ — $ 2,910,602 680 - 739 85,151 53,090 44,616 50,703 39,230 144,537 — — 417,327 620 - 679 15,767 7,604 11,460 9,628 7,982 43,393 — — 95,834 550 - 619 — 1,971 2,818 2,920 4,474 10,144 — — 22,327 Less than 550 — 861 593 2,916 594 2,138 — — 7,102 No Score (3) 13,823 18,861 21,214 21,821 14,355 45,147 — — 135,221 Other (2) 21,011 15,860 18,540 22,677 9,550 13,426 578 163 101,805 Total Residential Mortgage 864,559 482,495 389,725 471,962 391,156 1,089,580 578 163 3,690,218 Home Equity Line FICO: 740 and greater — — — — — — 608,282 2,163 610,445 680 - 739 — — — — — — 159,886 3,155 163,041 620 - 679 — — — — — — 44,005 1,571 45,576 550 - 619 — — — — — — 11,644 884 12,528 Less than 550 — — — — — — 5,159 330 5,489 No Score (3) — — — — — — 4,545 — 4,545 Total Home Equity Line — — — — — — 833,521 8,103 841,624 Total Residential Lending 864,559 482,495 389,725 471,962 391,156 1,089,580 834,099 8,266 4,531,842 Consumer Lending FICO: 740 and greater 113,373 122,965 99,678 54,691 24,029 6,034 114,748 275 535,793 680 - 739 83,316 90,853 66,143 36,426 16,358 4,985 76,391 773 375,245 620 - 679 40,469 48,904 33,917 24,705 11,144 3,788 36,622 1,221 200,770 550 - 619 9,125 20,274 17,693 15,126 7,825 2,883 12,980 1,458 87,364 Less than 550 3,017 10,139 9,189 6,517 3,123 1,118 5,261 799 39,163 No Score (3) 339 103 64 109 10 — 33,854 356 34,835 Other (2) 380 1,890 73 2,214 45 6,768 69,302 — 80,672 Total Consumer Lending 250,019 295,128 226,757 139,788 62,534 25,576 349,158 4,882 1,353,842 Total Loans and Leases $ 2,543,705 $ 2,120,213 $ 1,644,201 $ 1,291,172 $ 882,520 $ 2,236,923 $ 2,516,240 $ 44,123 $ 13,279,097 (1) Other credit quality indicators used for monitoring purposes are primarily FICO scores. The majority of the loans in this population were originated to borrowers with a prime FICO score. (2) Other credit quality indicators used for monitoring purposes are primarily internal risk ratings. The majority of the loans in this population were graded with a “Pass” rating. (3) No FICO scores are primarily related to loans and leases extended to non-residents. Loans and leases of this nature are primarily secured by collateral and/or are closely monitored for performance. There were no loans and leases graded as Loss as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The amortized cost basis of revolving loans that were converted to term loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was as follows: Three Months Ended (dollars in thousands) September 30, 2021 Commercial and industrial $ 195 Home equity line 560 Consumer 422 Total Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans During the Period $ 1,177 Nine Months Ended (dollars in thousands) September 30, 2021 Commercial and industrial $ 454 Home equity line 2,177 Consumer 1,358 Total Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans During the Period $ 3,989 Three Months Ended (dollars in thousands) September 30, 2020 Commercial and industrial $ 5 Home equity line 8,843 Total Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans During the Period $ 8,848 Nine Months Ended (dollars in thousands) September 30, 2020 Commercial and industrial $ 28,527 Residential mortgage 296 Home equity line 12,771 Total Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans During the Period $ 41,594 Past-Due Status The Company continually updates its aging analysis for loans and leases to monitor the migration of loans and leases into past due categories. The Company considers loans and leases that are delinquent for 30 days or more to be past due. As of September 30, 2021, the aging analysis of the amortized cost basis of the Company’s past due loans and leases was as follows: September 30, 2021 Past Due Loans and Greater Leases Past Than or Due 90 Days 30-59 60-89 Equal to or More and Days Days 90 Days Total Total Loans Still Accruing (dollars in thousands) Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current and Leases Interest Commercial and industrial $ 1,243 $ 255 $ 1,028 $ 2,526 $ 2,192,858 $ 2,195,384 $ 439 Commercial real estate 19,359 — — 19,359 3,550,409 3,569,768 — Construction — — — — 826,078 826,078 — Lease financing — — — — 237,689 237,689 — Residential mortgage 4,415 2,086 3,844 10,345 3,904,287 3,914,632 100 Home equity line 2,107 345 3,871 6,323 845,751 852,074 3,871 Consumer 12,904 1,923 1,376 16,203 1,222,511 1,238,714 1,376 Total $ 40,028 $ 4,609 $ 10,119 $ 54,756 $ 12,779,583 $ 12,834,339 $ 5,786 December 31, 2020 Past Due Loans and Greater Leases Past Than or Due 90 Days 30-59 60-89 Equal to or More and Days Days 90 Days Total Total Loans Still Accruing (dollars in thousands) Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current and Leases Interest Commercial and industrial $ 2,585 $ 604 $ 2,626 $ 5,815 $ 3,013,692 $ 3,019,507 $ 2,108 Commercial real estate 75 2,568 963 3,606 3,389,070 3,392,676 882 Construction 779 376 2,137 3,292 732,527 735,819 93 Lease financing — — — — 245,411 245,411 — Residential mortgage 3,382 4,125 3,372 10,879 3,679,339 3,690,218 — Home equity line 1,375 743 4,818 6,936 834,688 841,624 4,818 Consumer 18,492 5,205 3,266 26,963 1,326,879 1,353,842 3,266 Total $ 26,688 $ 13,621 $ 17,182 $ 57,491 $ 13,221,606 $ 13,279,097 $ 11,167 Nonaccrual Loans and Leases The Company generally places a loan or lease on nonaccrual status when management believes that collection of principal or interest has become doubtful or when a loan or lease becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest, unless it is well secured and in the process of collection. The Company charges o |