Allowance for Credit Losses | 4. Allowance for Credit Losses The Company maintains the allowance for credit losses for loans and leases (the “ACL”) that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans and leases to present the net carrying value of loans and leases expected to be collected. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectibility of the reported amount of loans and leases. While management utilizes its best judgment and information available, the ultimate appropriateness of the ACL is dependent upon a variety of factors beyond our control, including the performance of our loan portfolio, the economy, changes in interest rates and the view of the regulatory authorities toward loan classifications. The Company’s methodology is more fully described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company also maintains an estimated reserve for unfunded commitments on the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets. The reserve for unfunded commitments is reduced in the period in which the off-balance sheet financial instruments expire, loan funding occurs, or is otherwise settled. Rollforward of the Allowance for Credit Losses The following presents the activity in the ACL by class of loans and leases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021: Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance at beginning of period $ 19,160 $ 45,238 $ 8,908 $ 1,362 $ 30,888 $ 5,084 $ 39,640 $ 150,280 Charge-offs (243) — — — — (1,120) (3,659) (5,022) Recoveries 301 — — 60 192 191 1,940 2,684 Provision (3,294) (512) (3,541) (24) 2,555 579 5,237 1,000 Balance at end of period $ 15,924 $ 44,726 $ 5,367 $ 1,398 $ 33,635 $ 4,734 $ 43,158 $ 148,942 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance at beginning of period $ 20,080 $ 42,951 $ 9,773 $ 1,659 $ 34,364 $ 5,642 $ 42,793 $ 157,262 Charge-offs (949) — — — — (1,163) (7,768) (9,880) Recoveries 354 14 — 60 208 219 4,088 4,943 Provision (3,561) 1,761 (4,406) (321) (937) 36 4,045 (3,383) Balance at end of period $ 15,924 $ 44,726 $ 5,367 $ 1,398 $ 33,635 $ 4,734 $ 43,158 $ 148,942 Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance at beginning of period $ 27,322 $ 51,691 $ 10,552 $ 3,197 $ 38,471 $ 6,668 $ 62,465 $ 200,366 Charge-offs (330) — — — — — (3,917) (4,247) Recoveries 287 12 — — 14 38 2,797 3,148 Provision (4,216) (4,670) (400) (130) (4,277) (456) (15,970) (30,119) Balance at end of period $ 23,063 $ 47,033 $ 10,152 $ 3,067 $ 34,208 $ 6,250 $ 45,375 $ 169,148 Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance at beginning of year $ 24,711 $ 58,123 $ 10,039 $ 3,298 $ 40,461 $ 7,163 $ 64,659 $ 208,454 Charge-offs (1,293) (66) — — (98) — (10,458) (11,915) Recoveries 502 15 166 — 31 62 5,452 6,228 Provision (857) (11,039) (53) (231) (6,186) (975) (14,278) (33,619) Balance at end of period $ 23,063 $ 47,033 $ 10,152 $ 3,067 $ 34,208 $ 6,250 $ 45,375 $ 169,148 Rollforward of the Reserve for Unfunded Commitments The following presents the activity in the Reserve for Unfunded Commitments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022: Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Reserve for unfunded commitments: Balance at beginning of period $ 9,308 $ 1,789 $ 8,046 $ — $ 3 $ 9,766 $ 46 $ 28,958 Provision (1,668) 1,961 (1,962) — 29 1,657 (17) — Balance at end of period $ 7,640 $ 3,750 $ 6,084 $ — $ 32 $ 11,423 $ 29 $ 28,958 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Reserve for unfunded commitments: Balance at beginning of period $ 8,615 $ 2,114 $ 8,963 $ — $ 15 $ 10,546 $ 69 $ 30,322 Provision (975) 1,636 (2,879) — 17 877 (40) (1,364) Balance at end of period $ 7,640 $ 3,750 $ 6,084 $ — $ 32 $ 11,423 $ 29 $ 28,958 Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Reserve for unfunded commitments: Balance at beginning of period $ 16,129 $ 1,112 $ 8,313 $ — $ — $ 8,500 $ 49 $ 34,103 Provision (3,321) (134) (440) — — (979) (7) (4,881) Balance at end of period $ 12,808 $ 978 $ 7,873 $ — $ — $ 7,521 $ 42 $ 29,222 Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Commercial Lending Residential Lending Commercial Commercial Home and Real Lease Residential Equity (dollars in thousands) Industrial Estate Construction Financing Mortgage Line Consumer Total Reserve for unfunded commitments: Balance at beginning of period $ 11,719 $ 1,328 $ 9,037 $ — $ 2 $ 8,452 $ 65 $ 30,603 Provision 1,089 (350) (1,164) — (2) (931) (23) (1,381) Balance at end of period $ 12,808 $ 978 $ 7,873 $ — $ — $ 7,521 $ 42 $ 29,222 Credit Quality Information The Company performs an internal loan review and grading or scoring procedures on an ongoing basis. The review provides management with periodic information as to the quality of the loan portfolio and effectiveness of the Company’s lending policies and procedures. The objective of the loan review and grading or scoring procedures is to identify, in a timely manner, existing or emerging credit quality issues so that appropriate steps can be initiated to avoid or minimize future losses. Loans and leases subject to grading primarily include: commercial and industrial loans, commercial real estate loans, construction loans and lease financing. Other loans subject to grading include installment loans to businesses or individuals for business and commercial purposes, overdraft lines of credit, commercial credit cards, and other credits as may be determined. Credit quality indicators for internally graded loans and leases are generally updated on an annual basis or on a quarterly basis for those loans and leases deemed to be of potentially higher risk. An internal credit risk rating system is used to determine loan grade and is based on borrower credit risk and transactional risk. The loan grading process is a mechanism used to determine the risk of a particular borrower and is based on the following factors of a borrower: character, earnings and operating cash flow, asset and liability structure, debt capacity, management and controls, borrowing entity, and industry and operating environment. Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Loans that are primarily monitored for credit quality using FICO scores include: residential mortgage loans, home equity lines and consumer loans. FICO scores are calculated primarily based on a consideration of payment history, the current amount of debt, the length of credit history available, a recent history of new sources of credit and the mix of credit type. FICO scores are updated on a monthly, quarterly or bi-annual basis, depending on the product type. The amortized cost basis by year of origination and credit quality indicator of the Company’s loans and leases as of June 30, 2022 was as follows: Revolving Loans Converted Term Loans Revolving to Term Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Loans Loans Amortized Amortized (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Cost Basis Cost Basis Total Commercial Lending Commercial and Industrial Risk rating: Pass $ 216,303 $ 421,981 $ 66,601 $ 182,175 $ 60,586 $ 156,647 $ 697,256 $ 19,128 $ 1,820,677 Special Mention 2,816 316 1,628 2,822 748 5,295 1,073 841 15,539 Substandard — 320 1,103 1,605 1,019 879 16,214 114 21,254 Other (1) 12,807 9,613 11,531 5,366 3,075 1,576 40,694 — 84,662 Total Commercial and Industrial 231,926 432,230 80,863 191,968 65,428 164,397 755,237 20,083 1,942,132 Commercial Real Estate Risk rating: Pass 516,062 695,446 338,391 516,210 459,372 1,270,438 84,174 — 3,880,093 Special Mention — — 562 47,781 — 11,140 695 — 60,178 Substandard — — 180 — 1,742 14,476 3 — 16,401 Other (1) — — — — — 156 — — 156 Total Commercial Real Estate 516,062 695,446 339,133 563,991 461,114 1,296,210 84,872 — 3,956,828 Construction Risk rating: Pass 39,575 193,588 127,677 85,471 115,881 88,509 14,965 — 665,666 Special Mention — — — 236 — 350 — — 586 Substandard — — — — 351 498 — — 849 Other (1) 13,228 29,529 6,049 2,849 3,913 4,151 951 — 60,670 Total Construction 52,803 223,117 133,726 88,556 120,145 93,508 15,916 — 727,771 Lease Financing Risk rating: Pass 41,656 26,813 49,889 43,989 7,801 68,457 — — 238,605 Special Mention — 457 2,642 1,358 11 17 — — 4,485 Substandard — — 195 16 14 1,347 — — 1,572 Total Lease Financing 41,656 27,270 52,726 45,363 7,826 69,821 — — 244,662 Total Commercial Lending $ 842,447 $ 1,378,063 $ 606,448 $ 889,878 $ 654,513 $ 1,623,936 $ 856,025 $ 20,083 $ 6,871,393 (continued) Revolving Loans Converted Term Loans Revolving to Term Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Loans Loans (continued) Amortized Amortized (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Cost Basis Cost Basis Total Residential Lending Residential Mortgage FICO: 740 and greater $ 352,342 $ 1,069,214 $ 587,478 $ 252,428 $ 178,752 $ 974,057 $ — $ — $ 3,414,271 680 - 739 46,224 124,306 79,422 45,117 21,882 144,226 — — 461,177 620 - 679 5,305 19,143 14,291 5,405 3,892 38,470 — — 86,506 550 - 619 169 1,943 294 226 2,073 8,017 — — 12,722 Less than 550 2,085 1,242 60 — 340 4,656 — — 8,383 No Score (3) 10,652 14,868 7,544 13,471 16,488 54,373 — — 117,396 Other (2) 20,365 19,445 15,580 9,552 9,757 31,304 4,999 1,311 112,313 Total Residential Mortgage 437,142 1,250,161 704,669 326,199 233,184 1,255,103 4,999 1,311 4,212,768 Home Equity Line FICO: 740 and greater — — — — — — 748,148 2,227 750,375 680 - 739 — — — — — — 157,042 3,106 160,148 620 - 679 — — — — — — 40,070 2,454 42,524 550 - 619 — — — — — — 9,202 1,601 10,803 Less than 550 — — — — — — 1,159 491 1,650 No Score (3) — — — — — — 6,069 — 6,069 Total Home Equity Line — — — — — — 961,690 9,879 971,569 Total Residential Lending 437,142 1,250,161 704,669 326,199 233,184 1,255,103 966,689 11,190 5,184,337 Consumer Lending FICO: 740 and greater 115,911 132,565 66,828 59,155 38,001 17,426 117,266 203 547,355 680 - 739 53,590 80,240 45,783 41,393 23,562 13,947 67,636 566 326,717 620 - 679 11,760 35,430 17,746 22,180 13,928 11,374 30,079 1,018 143,515 550 - 619 1,000 6,548 6,576 10,400 7,652 6,801 10,044 1,026 50,047 Less than 550 379 1,758 2,973 5,022 2,547 2,525 3,047 483 18,734 No Score (3) 1,087 402 9 52 31 45 37,536 303 39,465 Other (2) 1,675 4,218 358 1,674 — 2,152 71,141 — 81,218 Total Consumer Lending 185,402 261,161 140,273 139,876 85,721 54,270 336,749 3,599 1,207,051 Total Loans and Leases $ 1,464,991 $ 2,889,385 $ 1,451,390 $ 1,355,953 $ 973,418 $ 2,933,309 $ 2,159,463 $ 34,872 $ 13,262,781 (1) Other credit quality indicators used for monitoring purposes are primarily FICO scores. The majority of the loans in this population were originated to borrowers with a prime FICO score. (2) Other credit quality indicators used for monitoring purposes are primarily internal risk ratings. The majority of the loans in this population were graded with a “Pass” rating. (3) No FICO scores are primarily related to loans and leases extended to non-residents. Loans and leases of this nature are primarily secured by collateral and/or are closely monitored for performance. The amortized cost basis by year of origination and credit quality indicator of the Company’s loans and leases as of December 31, 2021 was as follows: Revolving Loans Converted Term Loans Revolving to Term Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Loans Loans Amortized Amortized (dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Cost Basis Cost Basis Total Commercial Lending Commercial and Industrial Risk rating: Pass $ 623,098 $ 129,665 $ 223,388 $ 88,409 $ 29,380 $ 168,591 $ 644,947 $ 40,193 $ 1,947,671 Special Mention 397 4,382 4,213 12,552 974 5,313 4,804 986 33,621 Substandard 354 1,380 1,951 1,285 60 3,551 17,893 1,043 27,517 Other (1) 13,277 7,070 7,741 4,453 1,995 370 43,384 — 78,290 Total Commercial and Industrial 637,126 142,497 237,293 106,699 32,409 177,825 711,028 42,222 2,087,099 Commercial Real Estate Risk rating: Pass 693,370 338,140 533,887 487,739 415,186 940,732 78,479 14,891 3,502,424 Special Mention — — 48,499 7,470 25,513 30,255 7,600 — 119,337 Substandard — — — 1,776 164 15,303 459 — 17,702 Other (1) — — — — — 160 — — 160 Total Commercial Real Estate 693,370 338,140 582,386 496,985 440,863 986,450 86,538 14,891 3,639,623 Construction Risk rating: Pass 154,558 107,767 210,314 155,311 62,770 48,021 22,859 — 761,600 Special Mention — — 244 707 — 356 — — 1,307 Substandard — — — 363 — 839 — — 1,202 Other (1) 26,835 8,875 4,317 4,308 2,684 2,048 793 — 49,860 Total Construction 181,393 116,642 214,875 160,689 65,454 51,264 23,652 — 813,969 Lease Financing Risk rating: Pass 33,980 60,650 48,236 9,449 15,009 57,130 — — 224,454 Special Mention 501 2,702 1,506 311 153 — — — 5,173 Substandard — 270 140 16 871 470 — — 1,767 Total Lease Financing 34,481 63,622 49,882 9,776 16,033 57,600 — — 231,394 Total Commercial Lending $ 1,546,370 $ 660,901 $ 1,084,436 $ 774,149 $ 554,759 $ 1,273,139 $ 821,218 $ 57,113 $ 6,772,085 (continued) Revolving Loans Converted Term Loans Revolving to Term Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Loans Loans (continued) Amortized Amortized (dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Cost Basis Cost Basis Total Residential Lending Residential Mortgage FICO: 740 and greater $ 1,101,958 $ 635,061 $ 286,993 $ 198,622 $ 251,906 $ 829,175 $ — $ — $ 3,303,715 680 - 739 140,997 81,590 45,163 27,315 32,855 125,906 — — 453,826 620 - 679 15,781 11,943 5,268 10,149 9,069 37,404 — — 89,614 550 - 619 1,735 873 698 533 2,033 7,475 — — 13,347 Less than 550 — — — 345 2,603 2,838 — — 5,786 No Score (3) 18,882 7,938 15,051 18,107 17,333 42,185 — — 119,496 Other (2) 25,625 16,263 10,242 11,297 16,242 17,152 44 718 97,583 Total Residential Mortgage 1,304,978 753,668 363,415 266,368 332,041 1,062,135 44 718 4,083,367 Home Equity Line FICO: 740 and greater — — — — — — 671,566 1,873 673,439 680 - 739 — — — — — — 141,889 3,968 145,857 620 - 679 — — — — — — 37,815 2,500 40,315 550 - 619 — — — — — — 9,090 948 10,038 Less than 550 — — — — — — 2,574 68 2,642 No Score (3) — — — — — — 4,317 — 4,317 Total Home Equity Line — — — — — — 867,251 9,357 876,608 Total Residential Lending 1,304,978 753,668 363,415 266,368 332,041 1,062,135 867,295 10,075 4,959,975 Consumer Lending FICO: 740 and greater 155,929 83,337 79,617 56,707 24,525 8,067 117,843 209 526,234 680 - 739 93,214 56,327 55,126 34,049 17,527 6,315 69,366 707 332,631 620 - 679 41,671 21,986 28,491 19,403 12,952 5,324 31,165 1,175 162,167 550 - 619 7,836 8,265 13,265 10,497 7,469 3,244 10,359 1,089 62,024 Less than 550 2,272 3,867 6,646 3,484 2,739 1,175 3,195 536 23,914 No Score (3) 481 19 56 40 65 2 35,414 320 36,397 Other (2) 4,737 365 1,712 17 2,182 31 77,528 — 86,572 Total Consumer Lending 306,140 174,166 184,913 124,197 67,459 24,158 344,870 4,036 1,229,939 Total Loans and Leases $ 3,157,488 $ 1,588,735 $ 1,632,764 $ 1,164,714 $ 954,259 $ 2,359,432 $ 2,033,383 $ 71,224 $ 12,961,999 (1) Other credit quality indicators used for monitoring purposes are primarily FICO scores. The majority of the loans in this population were originated to borrowers with a prime FICO score. (2) Other credit quality indicators used for monitoring purposes are primarily internal risk ratings. The majority of the loans in this population were graded with a “Pass” rating. (3) No FICO scores are primarily related to loans and leases extended to non-residents. Loans and leases of this nature are primarily secured by collateral and/or are closely monitored for performance. There were no loans and leases graded as Loss as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The amortized cost basis of revolving loans that were converted to term loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 was as follows: Three Months Ended (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2022 Commercial and industrial $ 277 Home equity line 1,057 Consumer 336 Total Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans During the Period $ 1,670 Six Months Ended (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2022 Commercial and industrial $ 480 Home equity line 2,072 Consumer 690 Total Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans During the Period $ 3,242 Three Months Ended (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2021 Commercial and industrial $ 30 Home equity line 538 Consumer 443 Total Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans During the Period $ 1,011 Six Months Ended (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2021 Commercial and industrial $ 259 Home equity line 1,617 Consumer 936 Total Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans During the Period $ 2,812 Past-Due Status The Company continually updates its aging analysis for loans and leases to monitor the migration of loans and leases into past due categories. The Company considers loans and leases that are delinquent for 30 days or more to be past due. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the aging analysis of the amortized cost basis of the Company’s past due loans and leases was as follows: June 30, 2022 Past Due Loans and Greater Leases Past Than or Due 90 Days 30-59 60-89 Equal to or More and Days Days 90 Days Total Total Loans Still Accruing (dollars in thousands) Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current and Leases Interest Commercial and industrial $ 4,848 $ 630 $ 2,798 $ 8,276 $ 1,933,856 $ 1,942,132 $ 2,230 Commercial real estate 5,101 — 903 6,004 3,950,824 3,956,828 176 Construction 93 — 352 445 727,326 727,771 352 Lease financing — — — — 244,662 244,662 — Residential mortgage 4,445 2,090 3,955 10,490 4,202,278 4,212,768 750 Home equity line 8,627 551 1,039 10,217 961,352 971,569 1,039 Consumer 24,744 3,544 1,218 29,506 1,177,545 1,207,051 1,218 Total $ 47,858 $ 6,815 $ 10,265 $ 64,938 $ 13,197,843 $ 13,262,781 $ 5,765 December 31, 2021 Past Due Loans and Greater Leases Past Than or Due 90 Days 30-59 60-89 Equal to or More and Days Days 90 Days Total Total Loans Still Accruing (dollars in thousands) Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current and Leases Interest Commercial and industrial $ 1,195 $ 1,195 $ 1,318 $ 3,708 $ 2,083,391 $ 2,087,099 $ 740 Commercial real estate 631 — — 631 3,638,992 3,639,623 — Construction 162 — — 162 813,807 813,969 — Lease financing — — — — 231,394 231,394 — Residential mortgage 3,030 1,002 5,617 9,649 4,073,718 4,083,367 987 Home equity line 1,538 538 3,681 5,757 870,851 876,608 3,681 Consumer 16,534 3,366 1,800 21,700 1,208,239 1,229,939 1,800 Total $ 23,090 $ 6,101 $ 12,416 $ 41,607 $ 12,920,392 $ 12,961,999 $ 7,208 Nonaccrual Loans and Leases The Company generally places a loan or lease on nonaccrual status when management believes that collection of principal or interest has become doubtful or when a loan or lease becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest, unless it is well secured and in the process of collection. The Company charges off a loan or lease when facts indicate that the loan or lease is considered uncollectible. The amortized cost basis of loans and leases on nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and the amortized cost basis of loans and leases on nonaccrual status with no ACL as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows: June 30, 2022 Nonaccrual Loans and Leases With No Nonaccrual Allowance Loans (dollars in thousands) for Credit Losses and Leases Commercial and industrial $ — $ 682 Commercial real estate 727 727 Residential mortgage 2,153 6,450 Total Nonaccrual Loans and Leases $ 2,880 $ 7,859 December 31, 2021 Nonaccrual Loans and Leases With No Nonaccrual Allowance Loans (dollars in thousands) for Credit Losses and Leases Commercial and industrial $ — $ 718 Commercial real estate 727 727 Residential mortgage 1,192 5,637 Total Nonaccrual Loans and Leases $ 1,919 $ 7,082 For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized interest income of $0.1 million, on nonaccrual loans and leases, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized interest income of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, on nonaccrual loans and leases. Furthermore, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the amount of accrued interest receivables written off by reversing interest income was $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the amount of accrued interest receivables written off by reversing interest income was $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Collateral-Dependent Loans and Leases Collateral-dependent loans and leases are those for which repayment (on the basis of the Company’s assessment as of the reporting date) is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans were $7.6 million and $7.5 million, respectively. As of both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, these loans were primarily collateralized by residential real estate property. As of both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of collateral on substantially all collateral-dependent loans were significantly in excess of their amortized cost basis. Modifications Commercial and industrial loans modified in a TDR may involve temporary interest-only payments, term and amortization extensions, and converting revolving credit lines to term loans. Mod |