LOANS | 5. LOANS The composition of loans is as follows (dollars in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2020 2019 Commercial real estate $ 522,659 $ 514,394 Commercial, financial, and agricultural 207,727 211,023 Commercial construction 29,971 40,107 One to four family residential real estate 244,059 253,918 Consumer 20,375 21,238 Consumer construction 19,386 18,096 Total loans $ 1,044,177 $ 1,058,776 The Corporation completed the acquisition of Peninsula Financial Corporation (“PFC”) on December 5, 2014, The First National Bank of Eagle River (“Eagle River”) on April 29, 2016, Niagara Bancorporation (“Niagara”) on August 31, 2016, First Federal of Northern Michigan Bancorp (“FFNM”) on May 18, 2018 and Lincoln Community Bank (“Lincoln”) on October 1, 2018. The PFC acquired impaired loans totaled $13.290 million, the Eagle River acquired impaired loans totaled $3.401 million, the Niagara acquired impaired loans totaled $2.105 million, the FFNM acquired impaired loans totaled $5.440 million, and the Lincoln acquired impaired loans totaled $1.901 million. The table below details the outstanding balances of the PFC acquired portfolio and the fair value adjustments at acquisition date (dollars in thousands): Acquired Acquired Acquired Impaired Non-impaired Total Loans acquired - contractual payments $ 13,290 $ 53,849 $ 67,139 Nonaccretable difference (2,234) — (2,234) Expected cash flows 11,056 53,849 64,905 Accretable yield (744) (2,100) (2,844) Carrying balance at acquisition date $ 10,312 $ 51,749 $ 62,061 The table below details the outstanding balances of the Eagle River acquired portfolio and the fair value adjustments at acquisition date (dollars in thousands): Acquired Acquired Acquired Impaired Non-impaired Total Loans acquired - contractual payments $ 3,401 $ 80,737 $ 84,138 Nonaccretable difference (1,172) — (1,172) Expected cash flows 2,229 80,737 82,966 Accretable yield (391) (1,700) (2,091) Carrying balance at acquisition date $ 1,838 $ 79,037 $ 80,875 The table below details the outstanding balances of the Niagara acquired portfolio and the fair value adjustments at acquisition date (dollars in thousands): Acquired Acquired Acquired Impaired Non-impaired Total Loans acquired - contractual payments $ 2,105 $ 30,555 $ 32,660 Nonaccretable difference (265) — (265) Expected cash flows 1,840 30,555 32,395 Accretable yield (88) (600) (688) Carrying balance at acquisition date $ 1,752 $ 29,955 $ 31,707 The table below details the outstanding balances of the FFNM acquired portfolio and the fair value adjustments at acquisition date (dollars in thousands): Acquired Acquired Acquired Impaired Non-impaired Total Loans acquired - contractual payments $ 5,440 $ 187,302 $ 192,742 Nonaccretable difference (2,100) — (2,100) Expected cash flows 3,340 187,302 190,642 Accretable yield (700) (4,498) (5,198) Carrying balance at acquisition date $ 2,640 $ 182,804 $ 185,444 The table below details the outstanding balances of the Lincoln acquired portfolio and the fair value adjustments at acquisition date (dollars in thousands): Acquired Acquired Acquired Impaired Non-impaired Total Loans acquired - contractual payments $ 1,901 $ 37,700 $ 39,601 Nonaccretable difference (421) — (421) Expected cash flows 1,480 37,700 39,180 Accretable yield (140) (493) (633) Carrying balance at acquisition date $ 1,340 $ 37,207 $ 38,547 The table below presents a rollforward of the accretable yield on acquired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands): PFC Eagle River Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Impaired Non-impaired Total Impaired Non-impaired Total Balance, December 31, 2019 $ 105 $ — $ 105 $ 209 $ — $ 209 Accretion (90) — (90) (77) — (77) Reclassification from nonaccretable difference 52 — 52 58 — 58 Balance, March 31, 2020 $ 67 $ — $ 67 $ 190 $ — $ 190 Niagara First Federal Northern Michigan Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Impaired Non-impaired Total Impaired Non-impaired Total Balance, December 31, 2019 $ 19 $ — $ 19 $ 518 $ 1,953 $ 2,471 Accretion (4) — (4) (237) (310) (547) Reclassification from nonaccretable difference 3 — 3 177 — 177 Balance, March 31, 2020 $ 18 $ — $ 18 $ 458 $ 1,643 $ 2,101 Lincoln Community Bank Total Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Impaired Non-impaired Total Impaired Non-impaired Total Balance, December 31, 2019 $ 108 $ 264 $ 372 $ 959 $ 2,217 $ 3,176 Accretion (3) (38) (41) (411) (348) (759) Reclassification from nonaccretable difference 3 — 3 293 — 293 Balance, March 31, 2020 $ 108 $ 226 $ 334 $ 841 $ 1,869 $ 2,710 The table below presents a rollforward of the accretable yield on acquired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands): PFC Eagle River Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Impaired Non-impaired Total Impaired Non-impaired Total Balance, December 31, 2018 $ 128 $ — $ 128 $ 213 $ 16 $ 229 Acquisition — — — — — — Accretion — — — — (16) (16) Reclassification from nonaccretable difference — — — — — — Balance, March 31, 2019 $ 128 $ — $ 128 $ 213 $ — $ 213 Niagara First Federal Northern Michigan Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Impaired Non-impaired Total Impaired Non-impaired Total Balance, December 31, 2018 $ 26 $ 69 $ 95 $ 571 $ 3,446 $ 4,017 Acquisition — — — — — — Accretion — (51) (51) — (410) (410) Reclassification from nonaccretable difference — — — — — — Balance, March 31, 2019 $ 26 $ 18 $ 44 $ 571 $ 3,036 $ 3,607 Lincoln Community Bank Total Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Acquired Impaired Non-impaired Total Impaired Non-impaired Total Balance, December 31, 2018 $ 140 $ 442 $ 582 $ 1,078 $ 3,973 $ 5,051 Acquisition — — — — — — Accretion (15) (49) (64) (15) (526) (541) Reclassification from nonaccretable difference 12 — 12 12 — 12 Balance, March 31, 2019 $ 137 $ 393 $ 530 $ 1,075 $ 3,447 $ 4,522 Allowance for Loan Losses An analysis of the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 is as follows (dollars in thousands): March 31, March 31, 2020 2019 Balance, January 1 $ 5,308 $ 5,183 Recoveries on loans previously charged off 29 32 Loans charged off (145) Provision 100 100 Balance at end of period $ 5,292 $ 5,154 In the first three months of 2020, net charge-offs were $116,000, compared to net charge-offs of $129,000 in the same period in 2019. In the first three months of 2020, the Corporation recorded a provision for loan loss of $100,000 compared to a $100,000 provision for loan losses in the first three months of 2019. The Corporation’s allowance for loan loss reserve policy calls for a measurement of the adequacy of the reserve at each quarter end. This process includes an analysis of the loan portfolio to take into account increases in loans outstanding and portfolio composition, historical loss rates, and specific reserve requirements of nonperforming loans. A breakdown of the allowance for loan losses and recorded balances in loans at March 31, 2020 is as follows (dollars in thousands): Commercial, One to four Commercial financial and Commercial family residential Consumer real estate agricultural construction real estate construction Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan loss reserve: Beginning balance ALLR $ 1,189 $ 1,197 $ 71 $ 148 $ 11 $ 13 $ 2,679 $ 5,308 Charge-offs — (66) — (22) (8) (49) — (145) Recoveries 6 — — 10 — 13 — 29 Provision 623 502 27 291 7 33 (1,383) 100 Ending balance ALLR $ 1,818 $ 1,633 $ 98 $ 427 $ 10 $ 10 $ 1,296 $ 5,292 Loans: Ending balance $ 522,659 $ 207,727 $ 29,971 $ 244,059 $ 19,386 $ 20,375 $ — $ 1,044,177 Ending balance ALLR (1,818) (1,633) (98) (427) (10) (10) (1,296) (5,292) Net loans $ 520,841 $ 206,094 $ 29,873 $ 243,632 $ 19,376 $ 20,365 $ (1,296) $ 1,038,885 Ending balance ALLR: Individually evaluated $ 913 $ 476 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,389 Collectively evaluated 905 1,157 98 427 10 10 1,296 3,903 Total $ 1,818 $ 1,633 $ 98 $ 427 $ 10 $ 10 $ 1,296 $ 5,292 Ending balance Loans: Individually evaluated $ 2,278 $ 1,454 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 3,732 Collectively evaluated 518,642 203,857 29,604 243,251 19,386 20,374 — 1,035,114 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality 1,739 2,416 367 808 — 1 — 5,331 Total $ 522,659 $ 207,727 $ 29,971 $ 244,059 $ 19,386 $ 20,375 $ — $ 1,044,177 Impaired loans, by definition, are individually evaluated. In the first quarter of 2020, the Corporation booked a provision for loan losses of $100,000 as a result of changes in environmental factors. Furthermore, a portion of the unallocated reserve was allocated due to a modification in the methodology for calculating the environmental factors. A breakdown of the allowance for loan losses and recorded balances in loans at March 31, 2019 is as follows (dollars in thousands): Commercial, One to four Commercial financial and Commercial family residential Consumer real estate agricultural construction real estate construction Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan loss reserve: Beginning balance ALLR $ 1,682 $ 648 $ 101 $ 199 $ 6 $ 8 $ 2,539 $ 5,183 Charge-offs (20) (19) — (63) — (59) — (161) Recoveries 12 4 — 5 — 11 — 32 Provision (109) 372 (1) 60 — 49 (271) 100 Ending balance ALLR $ 1,565 $ 1,005 $ 100 $ 201 $ 6 $ 9 $ 2,268 $ 5,154 Loans: Ending balance $ 498,471 $ 201,089 $ 33,118 $ 281,104 $ 12,022 $ 19,624 $ — $ 1,045,428 Ending balance ALLR (1,565) (1,005) (100) (201) (6) (9) (2,268) (5,154) Net loans $ 496,906 $ 200,084 $ 33,018 $ 280,903 $ 12,016 $ 19,615 $ (2,268) $ 1,040,274 Ending balance ALLR: Individually evaluated $ 467 $ 648 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,115 Collectively evaluated 1,098 357 100 201 6 9 2,268 4,039 Total $ 1,565 $ 1,005 $ 100 $ 201 $ 6 $ 9 $ 2,268 $ 5,154 Ending balance Loans: Individually evaluated $ 2,138 $ 1,245 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 3,383 Collectively evaluated 493,570 198,425 32,753 279,943 11,809 19,585 — 1,036,085 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality 2,763 1,419 365 1,161 213 39 — 5,960 Total $ 498,471 $ 201,089 $ 33,118 $ 281,104 $ 12,022 $ 19,624 $ — $ 1,045,428 As part of the management of the loan portfolio, risk ratings are assigned to all commercial loans. Through the loan review process, ratings are modified as believed to be appropriate to reflect changes in the credit. Our ability to manage credit risk depends in large part on our ability to properly identify and manage problem loans. To do so, we operate a credit risk rating system under which our credit management personnel assign a credit risk rating to each loan at the time of origination and review loans on a regular basis to determine each loan’s credit risk rating on a scale of 1 through 8, with higher scores indicating higher risk. The credit risk rating structure used is shown below. In the context of the credit risk rating structure, the term Classified is defined as a problem loan which may or may not be in a nonaccrual status, dependent upon current payment status and collectability. Strong (1) Borrower is not vulnerable to sudden economic or technological changes. They have “strong” balance sheets and are within an industry that is very typical for our markets or type of lending culture. Borrowers also have “strong” financial and cash flow performance and excellent collateral (low loan to value or readily available to liquidate collateral) in conjunction with an impeccable repayment history. Good (2) Borrower shows limited vulnerability to sudden economic change. These borrowers have “above average” financial and cash flow performance and a very good repayment history. The balance sheet of the company is also very good as compared to peer and the company is in an industry that is familiar to our markets or our type of lending. The collateral securing the deal is also very good in terms of its type, loan to value, and other relevant characteristics. Average (3) Borrower is typically a well-seasoned business, however may be susceptible to unfavorable changes in the economy, and could be somewhat affected by seasonal factors. The borrowers within this category exhibit financial and cash flow performance that appear “average” to “slightly above average” when compared to peer standards and they show an adequate payment history. Collateral securing this type of credit is good, exhibiting above average loan to values, and other relevant characteristics. Acceptable (4) A borrower within this category exhibits financial and cash flow performance that appear adequate and satisfactory when compared to peer standards and they show a satisfactory payment history. The collateral securing the request is within supervisory limits and overall is acceptable. Borrowers rated acceptable could also be newer businesses that are typically susceptible to unfavorable changes in the economy, and more than likely could be affected by seasonal factors. Acceptable Watch (44) The borrower may have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Acceptable Watch assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Examples of this type of credit include a start-up company fully based on projections, a documentation issue that needs to be corrected or a general market condition that the borrower is working through to get corrected. Substandard (6) Substandard loans are classified assets exhibiting a number of well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize normal repayment. The assets are no longer adequately protected due to declining net worth, lack of earning capacity, or insufficient collateral offering the distinct possibility of the loss of a portion of the loan principal. Loans classified as substandard clearly represent troubled and deteriorating credit situations requiring constant supervision. Doubtful (7) Loans in this category exhibit the same, if not more pronounced weaknesses used to describe the substandard credit. Loans are frozen with collection improbable. Such loans are not yet rated as Charge-off because certain actions may yet occur which would salvage the loan. Charge-off/Loss (8) Loans in this category are largely uncollectible and should be charged against the loan loss reserve immediately. General Reserves: For loans with a credit risk rating of 44 or better and any loans with a risk rating of 6 or 7 not considered impaired, reserves are established based on the type of loan collateral, if any, and the assigned credit risk rating. Determination of the allowance is inherently subjective as it requires significant estimates, including the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows on impaired loans, estimated losses on pools of homogenous loans based on historical loss experience, and consideration of current environmental factors and economic trends, all of which may be susceptible to significant change. Using a historical average loss by loan type as a base, each loan graded as higher risk is assigned a specific percentage. The residential real estate and consumer loan portfolios are assigned a loss percentage as a homogenous group. If, however, on an individual loan the projected loss based on collateral value and payment histories is in excess of the computed allowance, the allocation is increased for the higher anticipated loss. These computations provide the basis for the allowance for loan losses as recorded by the Corporation. Below is a breakdown of loans by risk category as of March 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands): (1) (2) (3) (4) (44) (6) (7) Rating Strong Good Average Acceptable Acceptable Watch Substandard Doubtful Unassigned Total Commercial real estate $ 14,737 $ 18,108 $ 227,628 $ 253,746 $ 3,865 $ 4,575 $ — $ — $ 522,659 Commercial, financial and agricultural 17,609 9,053 64,182 111,434 759 4,690 — — 207,727 Commercial construction — 278 8,768 16,474 596 398 — 3,457 29,971 One-to-four family residential real estate 40 2,217 5,119 15,187 617 2,556 — 218,323 244,059 Consumer construction — — — — — — — 19,386 19,386 Consumer — 130 252 473 — 85 — 19,435 20,375 Total loans $ 32,386 $ 29,786 $ 305,949 $ 397,314 $ 5,837 $ 12,304 $ — $ 260,601 $ 1,044,177 Below is a breakdown of loans by risk category as of December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands): (1) (2) (3) (4) (44) (6) (7) Rating Strong Good Average Acceptable Acceptable Watch Substandard Doubtful Unassigned Total Commercial real estate $ 9,979 $ 17,516 $ 228,962 $ 248,177 $ 4,468 $ 5,292 $ — $ — $ 514,394 Commercial, financial and agricultural 15,126 4,510 70,748 115,229 930 4,480 — — 211,023 Commercial construction — 292 6,390 28,893 400 607 — 3,525 40,107 One-to-four family residential real estate 40 2,145 4,937 15,168 634 2,632 — 228,362 253,918 Consumer construction — — — — — — — 18,096 18,096 Consumer — 158 250 640 — 41 — 20,149 21,238 Total loans $ 25,145 $ 24,621 $ 311,287 $ 408,107 $ 6,432 $ 13,052 $ — $ 270,132 $ 1,058,776 Impaired Loans Impaired loans are those which are contractually past due 90 days or more as to interest or principal payments, on nonaccrual status, or loans, the terms of which have been renegotiated to provide a reduction or deferral on interest or principal. Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Corporation will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of a similar nature and on an individual loan basis for other loans. If a loan is impaired, a specific valuation allowance is allocated, if necessary, so that the loan is reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible. The following is a summary of impaired loans and their effect on interest income (dollars in thousands): Impaired Loans Impaired Loans Total Unpaid Related with No Related with Related Impaired Principal Allowance for Allowance Allowance Loans Balance Loan Losses March 31, 2020 Commercial real estate $ 1,739 $ 2,278 $ 4,017 $ 7,061 $ 913 Commercial, financial and agricultural 2,416 1,454 3,870 3,870 476 Commercial construction 367 — 367 373 — One to four family residential real estate 808 — 808 2,450 — Consumer construction — — — — — Consumer 1 — 1 1 — Total $ 5,331 $ 3,732 $ 9,063 $ 13,755 $ 1,389 December 31, 2019 Commercial real estate $ 4,318 $ 2,374 $ 6,692 $ 7,937 $ 497 Commercial, financial and agricultural 2,354 1,475 3,829 4,892 770 Commercial construction 373 — 373 386 — One to four family residential real estate 1,920 — 1,920 2,881 — Consumer construction — — — — — Consumer 9 — 9 33 — Total $ 8,974 $ 3,849 $ 12,823 $ 16,129 $ 1,267 Individually Evaluated Impaired Loans March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Average Interest Income Average Interest Income Balance for Recognized for Balance for Recognized for the Period the Period the Period the Period Commercial real estate $ 7,841 $ 65 $ 8,374 $ 301 Commercial, financial and agricultural 1,597 — 1,144 2 Commercial construction 21 1 396 — One to four family residential real estate 2,665 39 3,508 219 Consumer construction — — — — Consumer 17 1 44 2 Total $ 12,141 $ 106 $ 13,466 $ 524 A summary of past due loans at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 is as follows (dollars in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2020 2019 30-89 days 90+ days 30-89 days 90+ days Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due (accruing) (accruing) Nonaccrual Total (accruing) (accruing) Nonaccrual Total Commercial real estate $ 1,621 $ — $ 959 $ 2,580 $ 1,055 $ — $ 671 $ 1,726 Commercial, financial and agricultural 1,538 — 816 2,354 829 — 527 1,356 Commercial construction 128 — 99 227 59 — 105 164 One to four family residential real estate 3,321 — 4,479 7,800 4,357 11 3,850 8,218 Consumer construction — — — — — — — — Consumer 156 — 63 219 83 — 19 102 Total past due loans $ 6,764 $ — $ 6,416 $ 13,180 $ 6,383 $ 11 $ 5,172 $ 11,566 Troubled Debt Restructuring Troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) are determined on a loan-by-loan basis. Generally restructurings are related to interest rate reductions, loan term extensions and short term payment forbearance as a means to maximize collectability of troubled credits. If a portion of the TDR loan is uncollectible (including forgiveness of principal), the uncollectible amount will be charged off against the allowance at the time of the restructuring. In general, a borrower must make at least six consecutive timely payments before the Corporation would consider a return of a restructured loan to accruing status in accordance with FDIC guidelines regarding restoration of credits to accrual status. More recent regulatory guidelines and accounting standards indicate that loan modifications or forbearances related to the COVID-19 pandemic will generally not be considered TDRs. The Corporation has, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and applicable accounting standard updates, evaluated all loan modifications to determine the fair value impact of the underlying asset. The carrying amount of the loan is compared to the expected payments to be received, discounted at the loan’s original rate, or for collateral dependent loans, to the fair value of the collateral. There were 3 TDR’s that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 3 TDR during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The three restructured loans as of March 31, 2020, included only modifications to the repayment schedules. The balance of these restructured loans pre-modification was $.504 million. Post-modification balances as of March 31, 2020 were $.493 million. The three TDR’s are not COVID-19 related. Insider Loans The Bank, in the ordinary course of business, grants loans to the Corporation’s executive officers and directors, including their families and firms in which they are principal owners. Activity in such loans is summarized below (dollars in thousands): Three Months Ended Three Months Ended March 31, March 31, 2020 2019 Loans outstanding, January 1 $ 12,196 $ 9,817 New loans — 1,872 Net activity on revolving lines of credit (354) 358 Repayment (100) (96) Loans outstanding at end of period $ 11,742 $ There were no loans to related parties classified substandard as of March 31, 2020 or March 31, 2019. In addition to the outstanding balances above, there were unfunded commitments of $.355 million to related parties at March 31, 2020. |