(unaudited)
The estimated recorded book balances and fair values follow:
|
| Recorded Book Balance |
|
| Fair Value |
|
| Fair Value Using | |
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |
|
| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |
| | Significant Un- observable Inputs (Level 3) |
| | (In thousands) | |
September 30, 2018 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and due from banks | | $ | 35,180 | | | $ | 35,180 | | | $ | 35,180 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
Interest bearing deposits | | | 17,990 | | | | 17,990 | | | | 17,990 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Interest bearing deposits - time | | | 593 | | | | 593 | | | | - | | | | 593 | | | | - | |
Equity securities at fair value | | | 285 | | | | 285 | | | | 285 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Securities available for sale | | | 436,957 | | | | 436,957 | | | | - | | | | 436,957 | | | | - | |
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock | | | 18,355 | | | NA | | | NA | | | NA | | | NA | |
Net loans and loans held for sale | | | 2,579,502 | | | | 2,533,221 | | | | - | | | | 41,325 | | | | 2,491,896 | |
Accrued interest receivable | | | 10,791 | | | | 10,791 | | | | 1 | | | | 2,383 | | | | 8,407 | |
Derivative financial instruments | | | 7,734 | | | | 7,734 | | | | - | | | | 7,734 | | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deposits with no stated maturity (1) | | $ | 2,143,552 | | | $ | 2,143,552 | | | $ | 2,143,552 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
Deposits with stated maturity (1) | | | 655,091 | | | | 649,709 | | | | - | | | | 649,709 | | | | - | |
Other borrowings | | | 79,688 | | | | 79,275 | | | | - | | | | 79,275 | | | | - | |
Subordinated debentures | | | 39,371 | | | | 36,888 | | | | - | | | | 36,888 | | | | - | |
Accrued interest payable | | | 1,463 | | | | 1,463 | | | | 110 | | | | 1,353 | | | | - | |
Derivative financial instruments | | | 2,696 | | | | 2,696 | | | | - | | | | 2,696 | | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2017 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and due from banks | | $ | 36,994 | | | $ | 36,994 | | | $ | 36,994 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
Interest bearing deposits | | | 17,744 | | | | 17,744 | | | | 17,744 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Interest bearing deposits - time | | | 2,739 | | | | 2,740 | | | | - | | | | 2,740 | | | | - | |
Trading securities | | | 455 | | | | 455 | | | | 455 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Securities available for sale | | | 522,925 | | | | 522,925 | | | | 898 | | | | 522,027 | | | | - | |
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock | | | 15,543 | | | NA | | | NA | | | NA | | | NA | |
Net loans and loans held for sale | | | 2,035,666 | | | | 1,962,937 | | | | - | | | | 39,436 | | | | 1,923,501 | |
Accrued interest receivable | | | 8,609 | | | | 8,609 | | | | 1 | | | | 2,192 | | | | 6,416 | |
Derivative financial instruments | | | 3,080 | | | | 3,080 | | | | - | | | | 3,080 | | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deposits with no stated maturity (1) | | $ | 1,845,716 | | | $ | 1,845,716 | | | $ | 1,845,716 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
Deposits with stated maturity (1) | | | 554,818 | | | | 551,489 | | | | - | | | | 551,489 | | | | - | |
Other borrowings | | | 54,600 | | | | 54,918 | | | | - | | | | 54,918 | | | | - | |
Subordinated debentures | | | 35,569 | | | | 29,946 | | | | - | | | | 29,946 | | | | - | |
Accrued interest payable | | | 892 | | | | 892 | | | | 48 | | | | 844 | | | | - | |
Derivative financial instruments | | | 1,292 | | | | 1,292 | | | | - | | | | 1,292 | | | | - | |
(1) | Deposits with no stated maturity include reciprocal deposits with a recorded book balance of $44.681 million and $12.992 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Deposits with a stated maturity include reciprocal deposits with a recorded book balance of $47.954 million and $37.987 million September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. |
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
The fair values for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are estimated to approximate their aggregate book balance, which is nominal and therefore are not disclosed.
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale the entire holdings of a particular financial instrument.
Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business, the value of future earnings attributable to off-balance sheet activities and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments.
Fair value estimates for deposit accounts do not include the value of the core deposit intangible asset resulting from the low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market.
13. Contingent Liabilities
We are involved in various litigation matters in the ordinary course of business. At the present time, we do not believe any of these matters will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. The aggregate amount we have accrued for losses we consider probable as a result of these litigation matters is immaterial. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of outcomes from any litigation matter, we believe it is reasonably possible we may incur losses in addition to the amounts we have accrued. At this time, we estimate the maximum amount of additional losses that are reasonably possible is insignificant. However, because of a number of factors, including the fact that certain of these litigation matters are still in their early stages, this maximum amount may change in the future.
The litigation matters described in the preceding paragraph primarily include claims that have been brought against us for damages, but do not include litigation matters where we seek to collect amounts owed to us by third parties (such as litigation initiated to collect delinquent loans). These excluded, collection-related matters may involve claims or counterclaims by the opposing party or parties, but we have excluded such matters from the disclosure contained in the preceding paragraph in all cases where we believe the possibility of us paying damages to any opposing party is remote. Risks associated with the likelihood that we will not collect the full amount owed to us, net of reserves, are disclosed elsewhere in this report.
In connection with the sale of Mepco Finance Corporation (“Mepco”) (see note #15), we agreed to contractually indemnify the purchaser from certain losses it may incur, including as a result of its failure to collect certain receivables it purchased as part of the business as well as breaches of representations and warranties we made in the sale agreement, subject to various limitations. We have not accrued any liability related to these indemnification requirements in our September 30, 2018 Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition because we believe the likelihood of having to pay any amount as a result of these indemnification obligations is remote. However, if the purchaser is unable to collect the receivables it purchased from Mepco or otherwise encounters difficulties in operating the business, it is possible it could make one or more claims against us pursuant to the sale agreement. In that event, we may incur expenses in defending any such claims and/or amounts paid to such purchaser to resolve such claims. As of September 30, 2018 these receivables balances had declined to $2.1 million and to date the purchaser has made no claims for indemnification.
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
The provision for loss reimbursement on sold loans represents our estimate of incurred losses related to mortgage loans that we have sold to investors (primarily Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae and the FHLB). Since we sell mortgage loans without recourse, loss reimbursements only occur in those instances where we have breached a representation or warranty or other contractual requirement related to the loan sale. The provision for loss reimbursement on sold loans was an expense of $0.05 million and $0.02 million for the three month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and an expense of $0.08 million and $0.07 million for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The reserve for loss reimbursements on sold mortgage loans totaled $0.85 million and $0.67 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. This reserve is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. This reserve is based on an analysis of mortgage loans that we have sold which are further categorized by delinquency status, loan to value, and year of origination. The calculation includes factors such as probability of default, probability of loss reimbursement (breach of representation or warranty) and estimated loss severity. We believe that the amounts that we have accrued for incurred losses on sold mortgage loans are appropriate given our analyses. However, future losses could exceed our current estimate.
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (“AOCL”)
A summary of changes in AOCL follows:
| | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available for Sale | | | Dispropor- tionate Tax Effects from Securities Available for Sale | | | Unrealized Gains on Cash Flow Hedges | | | Total | |
| | (In thousands) | |
For the three months ended September 30, | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2018 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balances at beginning of period | | $ | (4,437 | ) | | $ | (5,798 | ) | | $ | 1,021 | | | $ | (9,214 | ) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | | | (925 | ) | | | - | | | | 307 | | | | (618 | ) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCL | | | - | | | | - | | | | (57 | ) | | | (57 | ) |
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | | | (925 | ) | | | - | | | | 250 | | | | (675 | ) |
Balances at end of period | | $ | (5,362 | ) | | $ | (5,798 | ) | | $ | 1,271 | | | $ | (9,889 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2017 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balances at beginning of period | | $ | 1,986 | | | $ | (5,798 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | (3,812 | ) |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | | | 95 | | | | - | | | | 62 | | | | 157 | |
Amounts reclassified from AOCL | | | (5 | ) | | | - | | | | 3 | | | | (2 | ) |
Net current period other comprehensive income | | | 90 | | | | - | | | | 65 | | | | 155 | |
Balances at end of period | | $ | 2,076 | | | $ | (5,798 | ) | | $ | 65 | | | $ | (3,657 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
For the nine months ended September 30, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2018 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balances at beginning of period | | $ | (470 | ) | | $ | (5,798 | ) | | $ | 269 | | | $ | (5,999 | ) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | | | (4,928 | ) | | | - | | | | 1,106 | | | | (3,822 | ) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCL | | | 36 | | | | - | | | | (104 | ) | | | (68 | ) |
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | | | (4,892 | ) | | | - | | | | 1,002 | | | | (3,890 | ) |
Balances at end of period | | $ | (5,362 | ) | | $ | (5,798 | ) | | $ | 1,271 | | | $ | (9,889 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2017 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balances at beginning of period | | $ | (3,310 | ) | | $ | (5,798 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | (9,108 | ) |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting | | | 300 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 300 | |
Balances at beginning of period, as adjusted | | | (3,010 | ) | | | (5,798 | ) | | | - | | | | (8,808 | ) |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | | | 5,167 | | | | - | | | | 62 | | | | 5,229 | |
Amounts reclassified from AOCL | | | (81 | ) | | | - | | | | 3 | | | | (78 | ) |
Net current period other comprehensive income | | | 5,086 | | | | - | | | | 65 | | | | 5,151 | |
Balances at end of period | | $ | 2,076 | | | $ | (5,798 | ) | | $ | 65 | | | $ | (3,657 | ) |
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
The disproportionate tax effects from securities available for sale arose due to tax effects of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) in the presence of a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets and a pretax loss from operations. Generally, the amount of income tax expense or benefit allocated to operations is determined without regard to the tax effects of other categories of income or loss, such as OCI. However, an exception to the general rule is provided when, in the presence of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets, there is a pretax loss from operations and pretax income from other categories in the current period. In such instances, income from other categories must offset the current loss from operations, the tax benefit of such offset being reflected in operations. Release of material disproportionate tax effects from other comprehensive income to earnings is done by the portfolio method whereby the effects will remain in AOCL as long as we carry a more than insubstantial portfolio of securities available for sale.
A summary of reclassifications out of each component of AOCL for the three months ended September 30 follows:
AOCL Component | | Amount Reclassified From AOCL | | Affected Line Item in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations |
| | (In thousands) | | |
2018 | | | | |
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale | | | | |
| | $ | - | | Net gains (losses) on securities |
| | | - | | Net impairment loss recognized in earnings |
| | | - | | Total reclassifications before tax |
| | | - | | Income tax expense |
| | $ | - | | Reclassifications, net of tax |
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | $ | (73 | ) | Interest expense |
| | | (16 | ) | Income tax expense |
| | $ | (57 | ) | Reclassification, net of tax |
| | | | | |
| | $ | 57 | | Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax |
| | | | | |
2017 | | | | | |
Unrealized gains on securities available for sale | | | | | |
| | $ | 8 | | Net gains (losses) on securities |
| | | - | | Net impairment loss recognized in earnings |
| | | 8 | | Total reclassifications before tax |
| | | 3 | | Income tax expense |
| | $ | 5 | | Reclassifications, net of tax |
| | | | | |
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges | | | | | |
| | $ | (5 | ) | Interest expense |
| | | (2 | ) | Income tax expense |
| | $ | (3 | ) | Reclassification, net of tax |
| | | | | |
| | $ | 2 | | Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax |
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
A summary of reclassifications out of each component of AOCL for the nine months ended September 30 follows:
AOCL Component | | Amount Reclassified From AOCL | | Affected Line Item in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations |
| | (In thousands) | | |
2018 | | | | |
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale | | | | |
| | $ | (45 | ) | Net gains (losses) on securities |
| | | - | | Net impairment loss recognized in earnings |
| | | (45 | ) | Total reclassifications before tax |
| | | (9 | ) | Income tax expense |
| | $ | (36 | ) | Reclassifications, net of tax |
| | | | | |
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges | | | | | |
| | $ | (132 | ) | Interest expense |
| | | (28 | ) | Income tax expense |
| | $ | (104 | ) | Reclassification, net of tax |
| | | | | |
| | $ | 68 | | Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax |
| | | | | |
2017 | | | | | |
Unrealized gains on securities available for sale | | | | | |
| | $ | 125 | | Net gains (losses) on securities |
| | | - | | Net impairment loss recognized in earnings |
| | | 125 | | Total reclassifications before tax |
| | | 44 | | Income tax expense |
| | $ | 81 | | Reclassifications, net of tax |
| | | | | |
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges | | | | | |
| | $ | (5 | ) | Interest expense |
| | | (2 | ) | Income tax expense |
| | $ | (3 | ) | Reclassification, net of tax |
| | | | | |
| | $ | 78 | | Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax |
15. Mepco Sale
On December 30, 2016, Mepco executed an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “APA”) with Seabury Asset Management LLC (“Seabury”). Pursuant to the terms of the APA, we sold our payment plan processing business, payment plan receivables, and certain other assets to Seabury, who also assumed certain liabilities of Mepco.
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
This transaction closed on May 18, 2017, with an effective date of May 1, 2017. As a result of the closing, Mepco sold $33.1 million of net payment plan receivables, $0.5 million of commercial loans, $0.2 million of furniture and equipment and $1.6 million of other assets to Seabury, who also assumed $2.0 million of specified liabilities. We received cash totaling $33.4 million and recorded no gain or loss in 2017 as the assets were sold and the liabilities were assumed at book value.
16. Recent Acquisition
Effective April 1, 2018, we completed the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of TCSB through a merger of TCSB into Independent Bank Corporation (“IBCP”), with IBCP as the surviving corporation (the ‘‘Merger’’). On that same date we also consolidated Traverse City State Bank, TCSB’s wholly-owned subsidiary bank, into Independent Bank (with Independent Bank as the surviving institution). Under the terms of the merger agreement each holder of TCSB common stock received 1.1166 shares of IBCP common stock plus cash in lieu of fractional shares totaling $0.005 million. TCSB option holders had their options converted into IBCP stock options. As a result we issued 2.71 million shares of common stock and 0.19 million stock options with a fair value of approximately $64.5 million to the shareholders and option holders of TCSB. The fair value of common stock and stock options issued as the consideration paid for TCSB was determined using the closing price of our common stock on the acquisition date. This acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, we recognized amounts for identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated acquisition date fair values. TCSB results of operations are included in our results beginning April 1, 2018. Non-interest expense includes $0.1 million and $3.4 million of costs incurred during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018, respectively related to the Merger. Any remaining merger related costs will be expensed as incurred in future periods.
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
The following table reflects our preliminary valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
| | (In thousands) | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 23,521 | |
Interest bearing deposits - time | | | 4,054 | |
Securities available for sale | | | 6,066 | |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | | | 778 | |
Loans, net | | | 295,799 | |
Property and equipement, net | | | 1,067 | |
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights | | | 3,047 | |
Accrued income and other assets | | | 3,362 | |
Other intangibles (1) | | | 5,798 | |
Total assets acquired | | | 343,492 | |
| | | | |
Deposits | | | 287,710 | |
Other borrowings | | | 14,345 | |
Subordinated debentures | | | 3,768 | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | | | 1,429 | |
Total liabilities assumed | | | 307,252 | |
Net assets acquired | | | 36,240 | |
Goodwill | | | 28,300 | |
Purchase price (fair value of consideration) | | $ | 64,540 | |
(1) | Relates to core deposit intangibles (see note #7). |
Management views the disclosed fair values presented above to be provisional. Prior to the end of the one-year measurement period for finalizing acquisition-date fair values, if information becomes available which would indicate adjustments are required to the allocation, such adjustments will be included in the allocation in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. In the third quarter of 2018, goodwill was reduced by $0.7 million (to $28.3 million) related to the collection of a TCSB acquired loan that had been charged off in full prior to the Merger. Because of the status of the collection activities related to this loan at the time of the Merger, we determined that this transaction was a measurement period adjustment and reduced goodwill accordingly.
Goodwill related to this acquisition will not be deductible for tax purposes and consists largely of synergies and cost savings resulting from the combining of the operations of TCSB into ours as well as expansion into a new market.
The estimated fair value of the core deposit intangible was $5.8 million and is being amortized over an estimated useful life of 10 years.
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
The fair value of net assets acquired includes fair value adjustments to certain receivables that were not considered impaired as of the acquisition date. The fair value adjustments were determined using discounted contractual cash flows. However, we believe that all contractual cash flows related to these financial instruments will be collected. As such, these receivables were not considered impaired at the acquisition date and were not subject to the guidance relating to purchased credit impaired loans which have shown evidence of credit deterioration since origination. Receivables acquired that are not subject to these requirements included non-impaired customer receivables with a fair value and gross contractual amounts receivable of $292.9 million and $298.6 million on the date of acquisition.
17. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
We account for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which we adopted on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method (see note #2). We derive the majority of our revenue from financial instruments and their related contractual rights and obligations which for the most part are excluded from the scope of ASU 2014-09. These sources of revenue that are excluded from the scope of this amended guidance include interest income, net gains on mortgage loans, net gains (losses) on securities, mortgage loan servicing, net and bank owned life insurance and were approximately 83.1% and 80.0% of total revenues at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Material sources of revenue that are included in the scope of ASC Topic 606 include service charges on deposits, other deposit related income, interchange income and investment and insurance commissions and are discussed in the following paragraphs. Generally these sources of revenue are earned at the time the service is delivered or over the course of a monthly period and do not result in any contract asset or liability balance at any given period end. As a result, there were no contract assets or liabilities recorded as of September 30, 2018.
Service charges on deposit accounts and other deposit related income: Revenues are earned on depository accounts for commercial and retail customers and include fees for transaction-based, account maintenance and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which includes services such as ATM use fees, stop payment charges and ACH fees are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the time we fulfill our customer’s request. Account maintenance fees, which includes monthly maintenance services are earned over the course of a month representing the period over which the performance obligation is satisfied. Our obligation for overdraft services is satisfied at the time of the overdraft.
Interchange income: Interchange income primarily includes debit card interchange and network revenues. Debit card interchange and network revenues are earned on debit card transactions conducted through payment networks such as MasterCard and NYCE. Interchange income is recognized concurrently with the delivery of services on a daily basis. Interchange and network revenues are presented gross of interchange expenses, which are presented separately as a component of non-interest expense.
Investment and insurance commissions: Investment and insurance commissions include fees and commissions from asset management, custody, recordkeeping, investment advisory and other services provided to our customers. Revenue is recognized on an accrual basis at the time the services are performed and are generally based on either the market value of the assets managed or the services provided. We have an agent relationship with a third party provider of these services and net certain direct costs charged by the third party provider associated with providing these services to our customers.
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
Net (gains) losses on other real estate and repossessed assets: We record a gain or loss from the sale of other real estate when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. If we were to finance the sale of other real estate to the buyer, we would assess whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction is probable. Once these criteria are met, the other real estate asset would be derecognized and the gain or loss on sale would be recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. There were no other real estate properties sold during the nine months ending September 30, 2018 that were financed by us.
Disaggregation of our revenue sources by attribute for the three months ending September 30, 2018 follows:
| | Service Charges on Deposits | | | Other Deposit Related Income | | | Interchange Income | | | Investment and Insurance Commissions | | | Total | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Retail | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Overdraft fees | | $ | 2,161 | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,161 | |
Account service charges | | | 519 | | | | | | | | | | | | | 519 | |
ATM fees | | | | | | $ | 374 | | | | | | | | | | 374 | |
Other | | | | | | | 219 | | | | | | | | | | 219 | |
Business | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Overdraft fees | | | 408 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 408 | |
Account service charges | | | 78 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 78 | |
ATM fees | | | | | | | 10 | | | | | | | | | | 10 | |
Other | | | | | | | 124 | | | | | | | | | | 124 | |
Interchange income | | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,486 | | | | | | | 2,486 | |
Asset management revenue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 274 | | | | 274 | |
Transaction based revenue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 239 | | | | 239 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 3,166 | | | $ | 727 | | | $ | 2,486 | | | $ | 513 | | | $ | 6,892 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reconciliation to Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations: | | | | | | | | | |
Non-interest income - other: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other deposit related income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 727 | |
Investment and insurance commissions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 513 | |
Bank owned life insurance | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 237 | |
Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 657 | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,134 | |
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
Disaggregation of our revenue sources by attribute for the nine months ending September 30, 2018 follows:
| | Service Charges on Deposits | | | Other Deposit Related Income | | | Interchange Income | | | Investment and Insurance Commissions | | | Total | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Retail | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Overdraft fees | | $ | 6,177 | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 6,177 | |
Account service charges | | | 1,607 | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,607 | |
ATM fees | | | | | | $ | 1,077 | | | | | | | | | | 1,077 | |
Other | | | | | | | 656 | | | | | | | | | | 656 | |
Business | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Overdraft fees | | | 1,153 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,153 | |
Account service charges | | | 229 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 229 | |
ATM fees | | | | | | | 26 | | | | | | | | | | 26 | |
Other | | | | | | | 399 | | | | | | | | | | 399 | |
Interchange income | | | | | | | | | | $ | 7,236 | | | | | | | 7,236 | |
Asset management revenue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 826 | | | | 826 | |
Transaction based revenue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 608 | | | | 608 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 9,166 | | | $ | 2,158 | | | $ | 7,236 | | | $ | 1,434 | | | $ | 19,994 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reconciliation to Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations: | | | | | | | | | |
Non-interest income - other: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other deposit related income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,158 | |
Investment and insurance commissions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,434 | |
Bank owned life insurance | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 713 | |
Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,989 | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 6,294 | |
ITEM 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Introduction. The following section presents additional information to assess the financial condition and results of operations of Independent Bank Corporation (“IBCP”), its wholly-owned bank, Independent Bank (the "Bank"), and their subsidiaries. This section should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We also encourage you to read our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). That report includes a list of risk factors that you should consider in connection with any decision to buy or sell our securities.
Overview. We provide banking services to customers located primarily in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. As a result, our success depends to a great extent upon the economic conditions in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. At times, we have experienced a difficult economy in Michigan. Economic conditions in Michigan began to show signs of improvement during 2010. Generally, these improvements have continued into 2018, albeit at an uneven pace. In addition, since early- to mid-2009, we have seen an improvement in our asset quality metrics. In particular, since early 2012, we have generally experienced a decline in non-performing assets, lower levels of new loan defaults, and reduced levels of loan net charge-offs.
Recent Developments. On December 22, 2017, "H.R. 1" (also known as the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act") was signed into law. H.R. 1, among other things, reduced the federal corporate income tax rate to 21% effective January 1, 2018. As a result, we concluded that our deferred tax assets, net (“DTA”) had to be remeasured. Our DTA represents expected corporate tax benefits anticipated to be realized in the future. The reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate reduces these anticipated future benefits. The remeasurement of our DTA at December 31, 2017 resulted in a reduction of these net assets and a corresponding increase in income tax expense of $6.0 million that was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017.
On December 4, 2017, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with TCSB Bancorp, Inc. ("TCSB") (the "Merger Agreement") providing for a business combination of IBCP and TCSB. On April 1, 2018, TCSB was merged with and into IBCP, with IBCP as the surviving corporation (the "Merger"). In connection with the Merger, on April 1, 2018, IBCP consolidated Traverse City State Bank, TCSB's wholly-owned subsidiary bank, with and into Independent Bank (with Independent Bank as the surviving institution).
We paid aggregate Merger consideration of approximately $64.5 million in IBCP common stock or stock options for all of the shares of TCSB common stock and TCSB stock options issued and outstanding immediately before the effective time of the Merger. Based on a preliminary valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Merger, we initially recorded: $29.0 million of goodwill, a core deposit intangible (“CDI”) of $5.8 million, discounts of $6.5 million, $0.4 million and $1.5 million on loans, time deposits and borrowings, respectively, and a $0.5 million write-down of property and equipment. In the third quarter of 2018, goodwill was reduced by $0.7 million (to $28.3 million) related to the collection of a TCSB acquired loan that had been charged off in full prior to the Merger. Because of the status of the collection activities related to this loan at the time of the Merger, we determined that this transaction was a measurement period adjustment and reduced goodwill accordingly. The goodwill will be periodically tested for impairment and the CDI will be amortized over a ten year period ($0.2 million and $0.4 million of amortization for this CDI was recorded in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively). The discounts will be accreted based on the lives of the related assets or liabilities. On or before March 31, 2019, we will finalize the valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Merger and record and disclose any additional adjustments to the preliminary valuation.
Regulation. On July 2, 2013, the Federal Reserve Board approved a final rule that establishes an integrated regulatory capital framework (the "New Capital Rules"). The rule implements in the United States the Basel III regulatory capital reforms from the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain changes required by the 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). In general, under the New Capital Rules, minimum requirements have increased for both the quantity and quality of capital held by banking organizations. Consistent with the international Basel framework, the New Capital Rules include a new minimum ratio of common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 4.5% and a common equity tier 1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets that applies to all supervised financial institutions. The 2.5% capital conservation buffer is being phased in ratably over a four-year period that began in 2016. In 2018, 1.875% is being added to the minimum ratio for adequately capitalized institutions. To avoid limits on capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments we must meet the minimum ratio for adequately capitalized institutions plus the phased in buffer (now 6.375% in 2018). The rule also raises the minimum ratio of tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4% to 6% and includes a minimum leverage ratio of 4% for all banking organizations. As to the quality of capital, the New Capital Rules emphasize common equity tier 1 capital, the most loss-absorbing form of capital, and implements strict eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments. The New Capital Rules also change the methodology for calculating risk-weighted assets to enhance risk sensitivity. Under the New Capital Rules our existing trust preferred securities are grandfathered as qualifying regulatory capital. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 we exceeded all of the capital ratio requirements of the New Capital Rules.
It is against this backdrop that we discuss our results of operations and financial condition in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 as compared to 2017.
Results of Operations
Summary. We recorded net income of $11.9 million and $6.9 million, respectively, during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The increase in 2018 third quarter results as compared to 2017 reflects increases in net interest income and non-interest income as well as decreases in the provision for loan losses and income tax expense that were partially offset by an increase in non-interest expense.
We recorded net income of $29.9 million and $18.8 million, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The increase in 2018 year-to-date results as compared to 2017 is due to increases in net interest income and non-interest income as well as a decrease in income tax expense that were partially offset by increases in the provision for loan losses and in non-interest expense.
| | Three months ended September 30, | | | Nine months ended September 30, | |
| | 2018 | | | 2017 | | | 2018 | | | 2017 | |
Net income (annualized) to | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average assets | | | 1.46 | % | | | 1.01 | % | | | 1.30 | % | | | 0.96 | % |
Average common shareholders’ equity | | | 13.83 | | | | 10.27 | | | | 12.73 | | | | 9.69 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income per common share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | 0.49 | | | $ | 0.32 | | | $ | 1.29 | | | $ | 0.88 | |
Diluted | | | 0.49 | | | | 0.32 | | | | 1.27 | | | | 0.87 | |
Net interest income. Net interest income is the most important source of our earnings and thus is critical in evaluating our results of operations. Changes in our net interest income are primarily influenced by our level of interest-earning assets and the income or yield that we earn on those assets and the manner and cost of funding our interest-earning assets. Certain macro-economic factors can also influence our net interest income such as the level and direction of interest rates, the difference between short-term and long-term interest rates (the steepness of the yield curve) and the general strength of the economies in which we are doing business. Finally, risk management plays an important role in our level of net interest income. The ineffective management of credit risk or interest-rate risk, in particular, can adversely impact our net interest income.
Our net interest income totaled $29.7 million during the third quarter of 2018, an increase of $6.8 million, or 29.6% from the year-ago period. This increase primarily reflects a $516.2 million increase in average interest-earning assets as well as a 25 basis point increase in our tax equivalent net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets (the “net interest margin”).
For the first nine months of 2018, net interest income totaled $82.6 million, an increase of $16.7 million, or 25.4% from 2017. This increase primarily reflects a $433.5 million increase in average interest-earning assets as well as a 21 basis point increase in our net interest margin.
Interest and fees on loans for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 include $0.6 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of accretion of the discount recorded on loans acquired in the Merger.
The increase in average interest-earning assets primarily reflects loan growth utilizing funds from increases in deposits and borrowed funds as well as the impact of the Merger. The increase in the net interest margin reflects a change in the mix of average-interest earning assets (higher percentage of loans), increases in short-term market interest rates and the impact of the Merger.
Our net interest income is also adversely impacted by our level of non-accrual loans. In the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 non-accrual loans averaged $9.2 million and $8.1 million, respectively, compared to $8.6 million and $9.7 million, respectively for the same periods in 2017. In addition, in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 we had net (charge-offs)/recoveries of $(0.01) million and $0.35 million, respectively, of unpaid interest on loans placed on or taken off non-accrual during each period or on loans previously charged-off compared to net recoveries of $0.28 million and $0.90 million, respectively, during the same periods in 2017.
Average Balances and Tax Equivalent Rates
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | |
|
| 2018 |
|
| 2017 |
|
| | Average Balance | | | Interest | | | Rate (2) | | | Average Balance | | | Interest | | | Rate (2) | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Taxable loans | | $ | 2,543,712 | | | $ | 30,936 | | | | 4.84 | % | | $ | 1,908,497 | | | $ | 21,801 | | | | 4.55 | % |
Tax-exempt loans (1) | | | 6,590 | | | | 81 | | | | 4.88 | | | | 3,138 | | | | 47 | | | | 5.94 | |
Taxable securities | | | 379,985 | | | | 2,737 | | | | 2.88 | | | | 474,901 | | | | 2,765 | | | | 2.33 | |
Tax-exempt securities (1) | | | 62,964 | | | | 518 | | | | 3.29 | | | | 90,645 | | | | 783 | | | | 3.46 | |
Interest bearing cash | | | 27,477 | | | | 66 | | | | 0.95 | | | | 29,336 | | | | 63 | | | | 0.85 | |
Other investments | | | 17,493 | | | | 237 | | | | 5.38 | | | | 15,543 | | | | 200 | | | | 5.11 | |
Interest Earning Assets | | | 3,038,221 | | | | 34,575 | | | | 4.53 | | | | 2,522,060 | | | | 25,659 | | | | 4.05 | |
Cash and due from banks | | | 35,874 | | | | | | | | | | | | 33,019 | | | | | | | | | |
Other assets, net | | | 173,508 | | | | | | | | | | | | 142,283 | | | | | | | | | |
Total Assets | | $ | 3,247,603 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,697,362 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Savings and interest-bearing checking | | $ | 1,241,868 | | | | 1,223 | | | | 0.39 | | | $ | 1,048,289 | | | | 408 | | | | 0.15 | |
Time deposits | | | 664,098 | | | | 2,753 | | | | 1.64 | | | | 531,226 | | | | 1,425 | | | | 1.06 | |
Other borrowings | | | 80,939 | | | | 779 | | | | 3.82 | | | | 85,219 | | | | 626 | | | | 2.91 | |
Interest Bearing Liabilities | | | 1,986,905 | | | | 4,755 | | | | 0.95 | | | | 1,664,734 | | | | 2,459 | | | | 0.59 | |
Non-interest bearing deposits | | | 884,003 | | | | | | | | | | | | 736,291 | | | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | | | 34,697 | | | | | | | | | | | | 31,263 | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 341,998 | | | | | | | | | | | | 265,074 | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 3,247,603 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,697,362 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Interest Income | | | | | | $ | 29,820 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 23,200 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Interest Income as a Percent of Average Interest Earning Assets | | | | | | | | | | | 3.91 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 3.66 | % |
(1) | Interest on tax-exempt loans and securities is presented on a fully tax equivalent basis assuming a marginal tax rate of 21% in 2018 and 35% in 2017. |
Average Balances and Tax Equivalent Rates
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2018 | | | 2017 | |
| | | | | Interest | | | Rate (2) | | | | | | Interest | | | Rate (2) | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Taxable loans | | $ | 2,350,883 | | | $ | 83,881 | | | | 4.77 | % | | $ | 1,792,381 | | | $ | 61,544 | | | | 4.59 | % |
Tax-exempt loans (1) | | | 5,221 | | | | 185 | | | | 4.74 | | | | 3,410 | | | | 145 | | | | 5.69 | |
Taxable securities | | | 400,957 | | | | 8,092 | | | | 2.69 | | | | 499,886 | | | | 8,300 | | | | 2.21 | |
Tax-exempt securities (1) | | | 70,155 | | | | 1,680 | | | | 3.19 | | | | 85,853 | | | | 2,264 | | | | 3.52 | |
Interest bearing cash | | | 29,502 | | | | 214 | | | | 0.97 | | | | 42,610 | | | | 229 | | | | 0.72 | |
Other investments | | | 16,457 | | | | 684 | | | | 5.56 | | | | 15,543 | | | | 638 | | | | 5.49 | |
Interest Earning Assets | | | 2,873,175 | | | | 94,736 | | | | 4.40 | | | | 2,439,683 | | | | 73,120 | | | | 4.00 | |
Cash and due from banks | | | 33,204 | | | | | | | | | | | | 32,492 | | | | | | | | | |
Other assets, net | | | 159,844 | | | | | | | | | | | | 146,753 | | | | | | | | | |
Total Assets | | $ | 3,066,223 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,618,928 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Savings and interest- bearing checking | | $ | 1,193,388 | | | | 2,785 | | | | 0.31 | | | $ | 1,051,395 | | | | 1,007 | | | | 0.13 | |
Time deposits | | | 611,103 | | | | 6,687 | | | | 1.46 | | | | 494,219 | | | | 3,747 | | | | 1.01 | |
Other borrowings | | | 82,253 | | | | 2,267 | | | | 3.68 | | | | 66,392 | | | | 1,659 | | | | 3.34 | |
Interest Bearing Liabilities | | | 1,886,744 | | | | 11,739 | | | | 0.83 | | | | 1,612,006 | | | | 6,413 | | | | 0.53 | |
Non-interest bearing deposits | | | 833,283 | | | | | | | | | | | | 717,589 | | | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | | | 32,177 | | | | | | | | | | | | 30,372 | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 314,019 | | | | | | | | | | | | 258,961 | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 3,066,223 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,618,928 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Interest Income | | | | | | $ | 82,997 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 66,707 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Interest Income as a Percent of Average Interest Earning Assets | | | | | | | | | | | 3.86 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 3.65 | % |
(1) | Interest on tax-exempt loans and securities is presented on a fully tax equivalent basis assuming a marginal tax rate of 21% in 2018 and 35% in 2017. |
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2018 | | | 2017 | | | 2018 | | | 2017 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Net Interest Margin, Fully Taxable Equivalent ("FTE") | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 29,697 | | | $ | 22,912 | | | $ | 82,613 | | | $ | 65,870 | |
Add: taxable equivalent adjustment | | | 123 | | | | 288 | | | | 384 | | | | 837 | |
Net interest income - taxable equivalent | | $ | 29,820 | | | $ | 23,200 | | | $ | 82,997 | | | $ | 66,707 | |
Net interest margin (GAAP) (1) | | | 3.88 | % | | | 3.60 | % | | | 3.84 | % | | | 3.61 | % |
Net interest margin (FTE) (1) | | | 3.91 | % | | | 3.66 | % | | | 3.86 | % | | | 3.65 | % |
Provision for loan losses. The provision for loan losses was a credit of $0.1 million and an expense $0.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the provision was an expense of $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively. The provision reflects our assessment of the allowance for loan losses taking into consideration factors such as loan growth, loan mix, levels of non-performing and classified loans and loan net charge-offs. While we use relevant information to recognize losses on loans, additional provisions for related losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions, customer circumstances and other credit risk factors. See “Portfolio Loans and asset quality” for a discussion of the various components of the allowance for loan losses and their impact on the provision for loan losses in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018.
Non-interest income. Non-interest income is a significant element in assessing our results of operations. Non-interest income totaled $11.8 million during the third quarter of 2018 compared to $10.3 million in 2017. For the first nine months of 2018 non-interest income totaled $35.9 million compared to $31.1 million for the first nine months of 2017. We adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”) on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method. Although ASU 2014-09 did not have any impact on our January 1, 2018 shareholders’ equity or third quarter and year-to-date 2018 net income, it did result in a classification change in non-interest income and non-interest expense as compared to the prior year period. Specifically, in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, interchange income and interchange expense each increased by $0.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively, due to classification changes under ASU 2014-09 (also see notes #2 and #17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report).
The components of non-interest income are as follows:
| | Three months ended September 30, | | | Nine months ended September 30, | |
| | 2018 | | | 2017 | | | 2018 | | | 2017 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Service charges on deposit accounts | | $ | 3,166 | | | $ | 3,281 | | | $ | 9,166 | | | $ | 9,465 | |
Interchange income | | | 2,486 | | | | 1,942 | | | | 7,236 | | | | 5,869 | |
Net gains (losses) on assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage loans | | | 2,745 | | | | 2,971 | | | | 8,571 | | | | 8,886 | |
Securities | | | 93 | | | | 69 | | | | (71 | ) | | | 62 | |
Mortgage loan servicing, net | | | 1,212 | | | | 1 | | | | 4,668 | | | | 668 | |
Investment and insurance commissions | | | 513 | | | | 606 | | | | 1,434 | | | | 1,541 | |
Bank owned life insurance | | | 237 | | | | 283 | | | | 713 | | | | 776 | |
Other | | | 1,384 | | | | 1,151 | | | | 4,147 | | | | 3,822 | |
Total non-interest income | | $ | 11,836 | | | $ | 10,304 | | | $ | 35,864 | | | $ | 31,089 | |
Service charges on deposit accounts decreased on both a comparative quarterly and year-to-date basis in 2018 as compared to 2017. These decreases were principally due to lower service charges on commercial accounts (due primarily to higher earnings credits) and a decrease in non-sufficient funds occurrences.
Interchange income increased on both a comparative quarterly and year-to-date basis in 2018 as compared to 2017 due primarily to the aforementioned impact of ASU 2014-09.
Net gains on mortgage loans decreased on both a quarterly and a year to date basis. Mortgage loan activity is summarized as follows:
Mortgage Loan Activity
| | Three months ended September 30, | | | Nine months ended September 30, | |
| | 2018 | | | 2017 | | | 2018 | | | 2017 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Mortgage loans originated | | $ | 231,849 | | | $ | 264,177 | | | $ | 617,080 | | | $ | 657,345 | |
Mortgage loans sold | | | 148,730 | | | | 120,981 | | | | 370,372 | | | | 305,386 | |
Net gains on mortgage loans | | | 2,745 | | | | 2,971 | | | | 8,571 | | | | 8,886 | |
Net gains as a percent of mortgage loans sold (“Loan Sales Margin”) | | | 1.85 | % | | | 2.46 | % | | | 2.31 | % | | | 2.91 | % |
Fair value adjustments included in the Loan Sales Margin | | | (0.26 | ) | | | (0.22 | ) | | | 0.10 | | | | 0.08 | |
The decrease in mortgage loans originated is due primarily to higher interest rates suppressing refinance volumes. Mortgage loans sold increased due to a higher mix of salable loans in our origination volumes. Net gains on mortgage loans decreased in 2018 as compared to 2017 due to a lower Loan Sales Margin as discussed below.
The volume of loans sold is dependent upon our ability to originate mortgage loans as well as the demand for fixed-rate obligations and other loans that we choose to not put into portfolio because of our established interest-rate risk parameters. (See “Portfolio Loans and asset quality.”) Net gains on mortgage loans are also dependent upon economic and competitive factors as well as our ability to effectively manage exposure to changes in interest rates and thus can often be a volatile part of our overall revenues.
Our Loan Sales Margin is impacted by several factors including competition and the manner in which the loan is sold. Net gains on mortgage loans are also impacted by recording fair value accounting adjustments. Excluding the aforementioned fair value accounting adjustments, the Loan Sales Margin would have been 2.11% and 2.68% in the third quarters of 2018 and 2017, respectively and 2.21% and 2.83% for the comparative 2018 and 2017 year-to-date periods, respectively. The decrease in the Loan Sales Margin (excluding fair value adjustments) in 2018 was generally due to a narrowing of primary-to-secondary market pricing spreads due to competitive factors throughout the mortgage banking industry (generally higher mortgage loan interest rates and a decline in refinance volume). The changes in the fair value accounting adjustments are primarily due to changes in the amount of commitments to originate mortgage loans for sale.
Net gains (losses) on securities were relatively nominal for all of the periods presented. We recorded no net impairment losses in either 2018 or 2017 for other than temporary impairment of securities available for sale. (See “Securities.”)
Mortgage loan servicing, net, generated income of $1.2 million and $0.001 million in the third quarters of 2018 and 2017, respectively. For the first nine months of 2018, mortgage loan servicing, net, generated income of $4.7 million as compared to income of $0.7 million in 2017. This activity is summarized in the following table:
| | Three Months Ended | | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | 9/30/2018 | | | 9/30/2017 | | | 9/30/2018 | | | 9/30/2017 | |
Mortgage loan servicing, net: | | (In thousands) | |
Revenue, net | | $ | 1,410 | | | $ | 1,091 | | | $ | 3,974 | | | $ | 3,253 | |
Fair value change due to price | | | 610 | | | | (572 | ) | | | 2,586 | | | | (1,075 | ) |
Fair value change due to pay-downs | | | (808 | ) | | | (518 | ) | | | (1,892 | ) | | | (1,510 | ) |
Total | | $ | 1,212 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,668 | | | $ | 668 | |
Activity related to capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights is as follows:
Capitalized Mortgage Loan Servicing Rights
| | Three months ended September 30, | | | Nine months ended September 30, | |
| | 2018 | | | 2017 | | | 2018 | | | 2017 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 21,848 | | | $ | 14,515 | | | $ | 15,699 | | | $ | 13,671 | |
Change in accounting | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 542 | |
Balance at beginning of period, as adjusted | | | 21,848 | | | | 14,515 | | | | 15,699 | | | | 14,213 | |
Servicing rights acquired | | | - | | | | - | | | | 3,047 | | | | - | |
Originated servicing rights capitalized | | | 1,501 | | | | 1,250 | | | | 3,711 | | | | 3,047 | |
Change in fair value | | | (198 | ) | | | (1,090 | ) | | | 694 | | | | (2,585 | ) |
Balance at end of period | | $ | 23,151 | | | $ | 14,675 | | | $ | 23,151 | | | $ | 14,675 | |
At September 30, 2018 we were servicing approximately $2.28 billion in mortgage loans for others on which servicing rights have been capitalized. This servicing portfolio had a weighted average coupon rate of 4.20% and a weighted average service fee of approximately 25.8 basis points. Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights at September 30, 2018 totaled $23.2 million, representing approximately 101.4 basis points on the related amount of mortgage loans serviced for others.
Investment and insurance commissions represent revenues generated on the sale or management of investments and insurance for our customers. These revenues declined on both a quarterly and year-to-date basis in 2018 as compared to 2017 due primarily to reduced product sales.
Income from bank owned life insurance declined on both a comparative quarterly and year-to-date basis in 2018 compared to 2017 reflecting a lower crediting rate on our cash surrender value. Our separate account is primarily invested in agency mortgage-backed securities and managed by PIMCO. The crediting rate (on which the earnings are based) reflects the performance of the separate account. The total cash surrender value of our bank owned life insurance was $54.8 million and $54.6 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Other non-interest income increased on both a comparative quarterly and year-to-date basis in 2018 compared to 2017, due primarily to increases in a variety of categories including: merchant processing, credit card related fees and earnings from limited partnerships (small business investment company and community/housing related investment funds).
Non-interest expense. Non-interest expense is an important component of our results of operations. We strive to efficiently manage our cost structure.
Non-interest expense increased by $4.1 million to $26.7 million and by $11.7 million to $80.6 million during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2017. Many of our components of non-interest expense increased in 2018 due to the TCSB Merger.
The components of non-interest expense are as follows:
| | Three months ended September 30, | | | Nine months ended September 30, | |
| | 2018 | | | 2017 | | | 2018 | | | 2017 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Compensation | | $ | 9,582 | | | $ | 8,494 | | | $ | 28,086 | | | $ | 26,872 | |
Performance-based compensation | | | 3,305 | | | | 2,688 | | | | 9,238 | | | | 6,819 | |
Payroll taxes and employee benefits | | | 3,282 | | | | 2,395 | | | | 9,182 | | | | 7,413 | |
Compensation and employee benefits | | | 16,169 | | | | 13,577 | | | | 46,506 | | | | 41,104 | |
Occupancy, net | | | 2,233 | | | | 1,970 | | | | 6,667 | | | | 6,032 | |
Data processing | | | 2,051 | | | | 1,796 | | | | 6,180 | | | | 5,670 | |
Merger related expenses | | | 98 | | | | 10 | | | | 3,354 | | | | 10 | |
Furniture, fixtures and equipment | | | 1,043 | | | | 961 | | | | 3,029 | | | | 2,943 | |
Communications | | | 727 | | | | 685 | | | | 2,111 | | | | 2,046 | |
Interchange expense | | | 715 | | | | 294 | | | | 1,974 | | | | 869 | |
Loan and collection | | | 531 | | | | 481 | | | | 1,900 | | | | 1,564 | |
Advertising | | | 594 | | | | 526 | | | | 1,578 | | | | 1,551 | |
Legal and professional | | | 477 | | | | 540 | | | | 1,311 | | | | 1,366 | |
FDIC deposit insurance | | | 270 | | | | 208 | | | | 750 | | | | 608 | |
Amortization of intangible assets | | | 295 | | | | 87 | | | | 676 | | | | 260 | |
Supplies | | | 173 | | | | 176 | | | | 516 | | | | 507 | |
Credit card and bank service fees | | | 108 | | | | 105 | | | | 310 | | | | 432 | |
Provision for loss reimbursement on sold loans | | | 47 | | | | 15 | | | | 78 | | | | 66 | |
Costs (recoveries) related to unfunded lending commitments | | | 71 | | | | 92 | | | | (6 | ) | | | 332 | |
Net (gains) losses on other real estate and repossessed assets | | | (325 | ) | | | 30 | | | | (619 | ) | | | 132 | |
Other | | | 1,463 | | | | 1,063 | | | | 4,321 | | | | 3,454 | |
Total non-interest expense | | $ | 26,740 | | | $ | 22,616 | | | $ | 80,636 | | | $ | 68,946 | |
Compensation and employee benefits expenses, in total, increased $2.6 million on a quarterly comparative basis and increased $5.4 million for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same periods in 2017.
Compensation expense increased by $1.1 million and $1.2 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2017. The third quarter and year-over-year increases were primarily due to the TCSB Merger as well as annual compensation increases instituted at the start of the year. The increase on a year to date comparative basis was reduced because the first quarter of 2017 included some one-time compensation costs related to the expansion of our mortgage banking operations as well as a reduction in personnel associated with the sale of our payment plan processing business (Mepco Finance Corporation) in May 2017.
Performance-based compensation increased by $0.6 million and $2.4 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, versus the same periods in 2017, due primarily to relative comparative changes in the accrual for anticipated incentive compensation based on our estimated full-year performance as compared to goals. In addition, we introduced a new incentive compensation plan for hourly employees in 2018 that increased performance-based compensation.
Payroll taxes and employee benefits increased by $0.9 million and $1.8 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2017, due primarily to increases in payroll taxes (due to the aforementioned increases in compensation), higher health care costs (due to increased claims in 2018 some of which may be reimbursed prior to year end from a stop-loss reinsurance policy) and higher 401(k) plan costs (due to an increase in the employer match percentage).
Occupancy, net, increased by $0.3 million and $0.6 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2017, principally due to additional locations acquired in the TCSB Merger and additional loan production offices opened during 2017.
Data processing expenses increased by $0.3 million and $0.5 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2017. The third quarter and year-to-date 2018 increases are primarily due to the TCSB Merger. We completed the conversion of TCSB loan and deposit accounts onto our core systems in June 2018.
Merger related expenses totaled $0.1 million and $3.4 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively. These expenses include our investment banking fees, certain accounting and legal costs, various contract termination fees, data processing conversion costs, payments made on officer change-in-control contracts, and employee severance costs. We do not expect to have any remaining TCSB Merger related expenses after the third quarter of 2018.
Furniture, fixtures and equipment, communications, advertising, legal and professional and supplies expenses were relatively comparable on both a quarterly and year-to-date basis in 2018 as compared to 2017.
Interchange expense primarily represents our third-party cost to process debit card transactions. This cost increased in 2018 on both a comparative quarterly and year-to-date basis due primarily to the impact of the implementation of ASU 2014-09 on January 1, 2018. Prior to the first quarter of 2018, certain processing costs were being netted against interchange income. As described above, under ASU 2014-09 these costs are no longer being netted against interchange income but instead are being reported as part of interchange expense.
Loan and collection expenses reflect costs related to new lending activity as well as the management and collection of non-performing loans and other problem credits. The year-to-date comparative increase is primarily because the first quarter of 2017 included a $0.2 million reimbursement of previously incurred expenses related to the resolution and payoff of a non-accrual loan.
FDIC deposit insurance expense increased in 2018 on both a comparative quarterly and year-to-date basis due primarily to our increase in total assets.
The amortization of intangible assets relates to the TCSB Merger and prior branch acquisitions and the amortization of the deposit customer relationship value, including core deposit value, which was acquired in connection with those acquisitions. We had remaining unamortized intangible assets of $6.7 million and $1.6 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. See note #7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a schedule of future amortization of intangible assets.
Credit card and bank service fees decreased in 2018 on a comparative year-to-date basis primarily due to the sale of our payment plan processing business in May 2017.
The provision for loss reimbursement on sold loans was an expense of $0.05 million and $0.08 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, compared to an expense of $0.02 million and $0.07 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2017, respectively. This provision represents our estimate of incurred losses related to mortgage loans that we have sold to investors (primarily Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis). The small expense provisions in 2018 and 2017 are primarily due to growth in the balance of loans serviced for investors. Since we sell mortgage loans without recourse, loss reimbursements only occur in those instances where we have breached a representation or warranty or other contractual requirement related to the loan sale. The reserve for loss reimbursements on sold mortgage loans totaled $0.85 million and $0.67 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. This reserve is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The changes in cost (recoveries) related to unfunded lending commitments are primarily impacted by changes in the amounts of such commitments to originate portfolio loans as well as (for commercial loan commitments) the grade (pursuant to our loan rating system) of such commitments.
Net (gains) losses on other real estate and repossessed assets primarily represent the gain or loss on the sale or additional write downs on these assets subsequent to the transfer of the asset from our loan portfolio. This transfer occurs at the time we acquire the collateral that secured the loan. At the time of acquisition, the other real estate or repossessed asset is valued at fair value, less estimated costs to sell, which becomes the new basis for the asset. Any write-downs at the time of acquisition are charged to the allowance for loan losses.
Other non-interest expenses increased in 2018 on both a comparative quarterly and year-to-date basis due primarily to increases in several categories of expenses (directors’ fees, travel and entertainment, certain state franchise taxes, and deposit account/debit card fraud).
Income tax expense. We recorded an income tax expense of $2.9 million and $7.0 million in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2018, respectively. This compares to an income tax expense of $3.2 million and $8.4 million in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2017, respectively. As described earlier under “Recent Developments” our statutory federal corporate income tax rate was reduced to 21% (from 35%) effective on January 1, 2018.
Our actual income tax expense is different than the amount computed by applying our statutory income tax rate to our income before income tax primarily due to tax-exempt interest income, tax-exempt income from the increase in the cash surrender value on life insurance, and differences in the value of stock awards that vest and stock options that are exercised as compared to the initial fair values that were expensed.
We assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against our deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. The ultimate realization of this asset is primarily based on generating future income. We concluded at September 30, 2018 and 2017 and at December 31, 2017, that the realization of substantially all of our deferred tax assets continues to be more likely than not.
Financial Condition
Summary. Our total assets increased by $507.8 million during the first nine months of 2018 reflecting the TCSB Merger and organic loan growth. The total assets, loans and deposits acquired in the TCSB Merger were approximately $343.5 million, $295.8 million (including $1.3 million of loans held for sale) and $287.7 million, respectively.
Loans, excluding loans held for sale ("Portfolio Loans"), totaled $2.56 billion at September 30, 2018, an increase of $543.8 million, or 26.9%, from December 31, 2017. (See "Portfolio Loans and asset quality.")
Deposits totaled $2.80 billion at September 30, 2018, compared to $2.40 billion at December 31, 2017. The $398.1 million increase in total deposits during the period is primarily due to the TCSB Merger and growth in reciprocal deposits and brokered time deposits.
Securities. We maintain diversified securities portfolios, which include obligations of U.S. government-sponsored agencies, securities issued by states and political subdivisions, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, corporate securities, trust preferred securities and foreign government securities (that are denominated in U.S. dollars). We regularly evaluate asset/liability management needs and attempt to maintain a portfolio structure that provides sufficient liquidity and cash flow. Except as discussed below, we believe that the unrealized losses on securities available for sale are temporary in nature and are expected to be recovered. We believe that we have the ability to hold securities with unrealized losses to maturity or until such time as the unrealized losses reverse. (See “Asset/liability management.”)
| | | | | | | |
| |
| | Unrealized | | | |
| | Amortized Cost | | Gains
| | Losses | | Fair Value | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Securities available for sale | | | | | | | | | | |
September 30, 2018 | | $ | 443,744 | | | $ | 1,602 | | | $ | 8,389 | | | $ | 436,957 | |
December 31, 2017 | | | 523,520 | | | | 3,197 | | | | 3,792 | | | | 522,925 | |
Securities available for sale declined $86.0 million during the first nine months of 2018 primarily to fund growth in Portfolio Loans. Our portfolio of securities available for sale is reviewed quarterly for impairment in value. In performing this review, management considers (1) the length of time and extent that fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, (3) the impact of changes in market interest rates on the market value of the security and (4) an assessment of whether we intend to sell, or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. For securities that do not meet these recovery criteria, the amount of impairment recognized in earnings is limited to the amount related to credit losses, while impairment related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). We recorded no impairment losses related to other than temporary impairment on securities available for sale in either of the first nine months of 2018 or 2017.
Sales of securities were as follows (See “Non-interest income.”):
| | Nine months ended September 30, | |
| | 2018 | | | 2017 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
| | | | |
Proceeds (1) | | $ | 31,445 | | | $ | 9,594 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Gross gains (2) | | $ | 225 | | | $ | 125 | |
Gross losses | | | (126 | ) | | | - | |
Net impairment charges | | | - | | | | - | |
Fair value adjustments | | | (170 | ) | | | (63 | )
|
Net gains (losses) | | $ | (71 | ) | | $ | 62 | |
| (1) | 2017 includes $0.760 million for trades that did not settle until after September 30, 2017. |
| (2) | 2018 gains include $0.144 million from the sale of 1,000 VISA Class B shares. |
Portfolio Loans and asset quality. In addition to the communities served by our Bank branch and loan production office network, our principal lending markets also include nearby communities and metropolitan areas. Subject to established underwriting criteria, we also may participate in commercial lending transactions with certain non-affiliated banks and make whole loan purchases from other financial institutions. In March 2018 and July 2018, we sold $16.5 million and $11.1 million, respectively of single-family residential fixed and adjustable rate mortgage loans servicing retained to another financial institution. These mortgage loans were all on properties located in Ohio and were sold primarily for asset/liability management purposes.
The senior management and board of directors of our Bank retain authority and responsibility for credit decisions and we have adopted uniform underwriting standards. Our loan committee structure and the loan review process attempt to provide requisite controls and promote compliance with such established underwriting standards. However, there can be no assurance that our lending procedures and the use of uniform underwriting standards will prevent us from incurring significant credit losses in our lending activities.
We generally retain loans that may be profitably funded within established risk parameters. (See “Asset/liability management.”) As a result, we may hold adjustable-rate conventional and fixed rate jumbo mortgage loans as Portfolio Loans, while 15- and 30-year fixed-rate non-jumbo mortgage loans are generally sold to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates. (See “Non-interest income.”) Due primarily to the expansion of our mortgage-banking activities and a change in mix in our mortgage loan originations, we are now originating and putting into Portfolio Loans, more fixed rate mortgage loans as compared to past periods. These fixed rate mortgage loans generally have terms from 15 to 30 years, do not have prepayment penalties and expose us to more interest rate risk. To date, our interest rate risk profile has not changed significantly. However, we are carefully monitoring this change in the composition of our Portfolio Loans and the impact of potential future changes in interest rates on our changes in market value of portfolio equity and changes in net interest income. (See “Asset/liability management.”). As a result, we have added and may continue to add some longer-term borrowings, may utilize derivatives (interest rate swaps and interest rate caps) to manage interest rate risk and may begin to attempt to sell fixed rate jumbo mortgage loans in the future.
A summary of our Portfolio Loans follows:
| | | | | | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Real estate(1) | | | | | | |
Residential first mortgages | | $ | 815,202 | | | $ | 672,592 | |
Residential home equity and other junior mortgages | | | 175,426 | | | | 136,560 | |
Construction and land development | | | 171,546 | | | | 143,188 | |
Other(2) | | | 701,711 | | | | 538,880 | |
Consumer | | | 377,451 | | | | 291,091 | |
Commercial | | | 314,848 | | | | 231,786 | |
Agricultural | | | 6,394 | | | | 4,720 | |
Total loans | | $ | 2,562,578 | | | $ | 2,018,817 | |
(1) | Includes both residential and non-residential commercial loans secured by real estate. |
(2) | Includes loans secured by multi-family residential and non-farm, non-residential property. |
| | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2018 | | | December 31, 2017 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Non-accrual loans | | $ | 9,343 | | | $ | 8,184 | |
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest | | | -- | | | | -- | |
Total non-performing loans | | | 9,343 | | | | 8,184 | |
Other real estate and repossessed assets | | | 1,445 | | | | 1,643 | |
Total non-performing assets | | $ | 10,788 | | | $ | 9,827 | |
As a percent of Portfolio Loans | | | | | | | | |
Non-performing loans | | | 0.36 | % | | | 0.41 | % |
Allowance for loan losses | | | 0.95 | | | | 1.12 | |
Non-performing assets to total assets | | | 0.33 | | | | 0.35 | |
Allowance for loan losses as a percent of non-performing loans | | | 261.17 | | | | 275.99 | |
| (1) | Excludes loans classified as “troubled debt restructured” that are not past due. |
Troubled debt restructurings ("TDR")
| | September 30, 2018 | |
| | Commercial | | | Retail (1) | | | Total | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Performing TDR's | | $ | 6,904 | | | $ | 49,397 | | | $ | 56,301 | |
Non-performing TDR's(2) | | | 212 | | | | 2,799 | (3) | | | 3,011 | |
Total | | $ | 7,116 | | | $ | 52,196 | | | $ | 59,312 | |
| | December 31, 2017 | |
| | Commercial | | | Retail (1) | | | Total | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Performing TDR's | | $ | 7,748 | | | $ | 52,367 | | | $ | 60,115 | |
Non-performing TDR's(2) | | | 323 | | | | 4,506 | (3) | | | 4,829 | |
Total | | $ | 8,071 | | | $ | 56,873 | | | $ | 64,944 | |
(1) | Retail loans include mortgage and installment portfolio segments. |
(2) | Included in non-performing loans table above. |
(3) | Also includes loans on non-accrual at the time of modification until six payments are received on a timely basis. |
Non-performing loans increased by $1.2 million during the first nine months of 2018 due principally to an increase in non-performing commercial loans. The increase in non-performing commercial loans primarily reflects one relationship moving into non-accrual in the second quarter of 2018. Because of our collateral position, we do not expect any loss from the resolution of this loan relationship.
Non-performing loans exclude performing loans that are classified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). Performing TDRs totaled $56.3 million, or 2.2% of total Portfolio Loans, and $60.1 million, or 3.0% of total Portfolio Loans, at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The decrease in the amount of performing TDRs in the first nine months of 2018 primarily reflects pay downs and payoffs.
Other real estate and repossessed assets totaled $1.4 million and $1.6 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
We will place a loan that is 90 days or more past due on non-accrual, unless we believe the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. Accordingly, we have determined that the collection of the accrued and unpaid interest on any loans that are 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest is probable.
The following tables reflect activity in and the allocation of the allowance for loan losses (“AFLL”).
Allowance for loan losses
| | Nine months ended September 30, | |
| | 2018 | | | 2017 | |
| | Loans | | | Unfunded Commitments | | | Loans | | | Unfunded Commitments | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 22,587 | | | $ | 1,125 | | | $ | 20,234 | | | $ | 650 | |
Additions (deductions) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 912 | | | | - | | | | 806 | | | | - | |
Recoveries credited to allowance | | | 3,768 | | | | - | | | | 2,998 | | | | - | |
Loans charged against the allowance | | | (2,866 | ) | | | - | | | | (2,560 | ) | | | - | |
Additions included in non-interest expense | | | - | | | | (6 | ) | | | - | | | | 332 | |
Balance at end of period | | $ | 24,401 | | | $ | 1,119 | | | $ | 21,478 | | | $ | 982 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loans charged against the allowance to average Portfolio Loans | | | (0.04 | )% | | | | | | | (0.03 | )% | | | | |
Allocation of the Allowance for Loan Losses
| | | | | | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Specific allocations | | $ | 6,102 | | | $ | 6,839 | |
Other adversely rated commercial loans | | | 1,883 | | | | 1,228 | |
Historical loss allocations | | | 7,665 | | | | 7,125 | |
Additional allocations based on subjective factors | | | 8,751 | | | | 7,395 | |
Total | | $ | 24,401 | | | $ | 22,587 | |
Some loans will not be repaid in full. Therefore, an AFLL is maintained at a level which represents our best estimate of losses incurred. In determining the AFLL and the related provision for loan losses, we consider four principal elements: (i) specific allocations based upon probable losses identified during the review of the loan portfolio, (ii) allocations established for other adversely rated commercial loans, (iii) allocations based principally on historical loan loss experience, and (iv) additional allowances based on subjective factors, including local and general economic business factors and trends, portfolio concentrations and changes in the size and/or the general terms of the loan portfolios.
The first AFLL element (specific allocations) reflects our estimate of probable incurred losses based upon our systematic review of specific loans. These estimates are based upon a number of factors, such as payment history, financial condition of the borrower, discounted collateral exposure and discounted cash flow analysis. Impaired commercial, mortgage and installment loans are allocated AFLL amounts using this first element. The second AFLL element (other adversely rated commercial loans) reflects the application of our commercial loan rating system. This rating system is similar to those employed by state and federal banking regulators. Commercial loans that are rated below a certain predetermined classification are assigned a loss allocation factor for each loan classification category that is based upon a historical analysis of both the probability of default and the expected loss rate (“loss given default”). The lower the rating assigned to a loan or category, the greater the allocation percentage that is applied. The third AFLL element (historical loss allocations) is determined by assigning allocations to higher rated (“non-watch credit”) commercial loans using a probability of default and loss given default similar to the second AFLL element and to homogenous mortgage and installment loan groups based upon borrower credit score and portfolio segment. For homogenous mortgage and installment loans a probability of default for each homogenous pool is calculated by way of credit score migration. Historical loss data for each homogenous pool coupled with the associated probability of default is utilized to calculate an expected loss allocation rate. The fourth AFLL element (additional allocations based on subjective factors) is based on factors that cannot be associated with a specific credit or loan category and reflects our attempt to ensure that the overall AFLL appropriately reflects a margin for the imprecision necessarily inherent in the estimates of expected credit losses. We consider a number of subjective factors when determining this fourth element, including local and general economic business factors and trends, portfolio concentrations and changes in the size, mix and the general terms of the overall loan portfolio.
No allowance for loan losses was brought forward on any of the TCSB acquired loans as any credit deterioration evident in the loans was included in the determination of the fair value of the loans at the acquisition date. An allowance for loan losses will be established for any subsequent credit deterioration or adverse changes in expected cash flows.
Increases in the AFLL are recorded by a provision for loan losses charged to expense. Although we periodically allocate portions of the AFLL to specific loans and loan portfolios, the entire AFLL is available for incurred losses. We generally charge-off commercial, homogenous residential mortgage and installment loans when they are deemed uncollectible or reach a predetermined number of days past due based on product, industry practice and other factors. Collection efforts may continue and recoveries may occur after a loan is charged against the AFLL.
While we use relevant information to recognize losses on loans, additional provisions for related losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions, customer circumstances and other credit risk factors.
The allowance for loan losses increased $1.8 million to $24.4 million at September 30, 2018 from $22.6 million at December 31, 2017 and was equal to 0.95% (1.06% when excluding TCSB acquired loans) of total Portfolio Loans at September 30, 2018 compared to 1.12% at December 31, 2017.
Three of the four components of the allowance for loan losses outlined above increased in the first nine months of 2018. The allowance for loan losses related to specific loans decreased $0.7 million in 2018 due primarily to a decline in the balance of individually impaired loans and charge-offs. The allowance for loan losses related to other adversely rated commercial loans increased $0.7 million in 2018 primarily due to an increase in the balance of such loans included in this component to $37.5 million at September 30, 2018 from $27.2 million at December 31, 2017 and $23.2 million at September 30, 2017. The allowance for loan losses related to historical losses increased $0.5 million during 2018 due principally to loan growth. The allowance for loan losses related to subjective factors increased $1.4 million during 2018 primarily due to loan growth.
Three of the four components of the allowance for loan losses outlined above also increased in the first nine months of 2017. The allowance for loan losses related to specific loans decreased $2.1 million in 2017 due primarily to a decline in the balance of individually impaired loans as well as charge-offs. In particular, we received a full payoff in March 2017 on a commercial loan that had a specific reserve of $1.2 million at December 31, 2016. The allowance for loan losses related to other adversely rated commercial loans increased $0.3 million in 2017 primarily due to an increase in the balance of such loans included in this component to $23.2 million at September 30, 2017 from $11.8 million at December 31, 2016. The allowance for loan losses related to historical losses increased $1.6 million during 2017 due principally to slight upward adjustments in our probability of default and expected loss rates for commercial loans, an additional component of approximately $0.6 million added for loans secured by commercial real estate due primarily to emerging risks in this sector (such as retail store closings and potential overdevelopment in certain markets) and loan growth. We also extended our historical lookback period to be more representative of the probability of default and account for infrequent migration events and extremely low levels of watch credits. The allowance for loan losses related to subjective factors increased $1.4 million during 2017 primarily due to loan growth.
Deposits and borrowings. Historically, the loyalty of our customer base has allowed us to price deposits competitively, contributing to a net interest margin that compares favorably to our peers. However, we still face a significant amount of competition for deposits within many of the markets served by our branch network, which limits our ability to materially increase deposits without adversely impacting the weighted-average cost of core deposits.
To attract new core deposits, we have implemented various account acquisition strategies as well as branch staff sales training. Account acquisition initiatives have historically generated increases in customer relationships. Over the past several years, we have also expanded our treasury management products and services for commercial businesses and municipalities or other governmental units and have also increased our sales calling efforts in order to attract additional deposit relationships from these sectors. We view long-term core deposit growth as an important objective. Core deposits generally provide a more stable and lower cost source of funds than alternative sources such as short-term borrowings. (See “Liquidity and capital resources.”)
Deposits totaled $2.80 billion and $2.40 billion at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The $398.1 million increase in deposits in the first nine months of 2018 is primarily due to the TCSB Merger and growth in reciprocal deposits and brokered time deposits. Reciprocal deposits totaled $92.6 million and $51.0 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These deposits represent demand, money market and time deposits from our customers that have been placed through Promontory Interfinancial Network’s Insured Cash Sweep® service and Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service®. These services allow our customers to access multi-million dollar FDIC deposit insurance on deposit balances greater than the standard FDIC insurance maximum.
We cannot be sure that we will be able to maintain our current level of core deposits. In particular, those deposits that are uninsured may be susceptible to outflow. At September 30, 2018, we had approximately $650.0 million of uninsured deposits. A reduction in core deposits would likely increase our need to rely on wholesale funding sources.
We have also implemented strategies that incorporate using federal funds purchased, other borrowings and brokered time deposits to fund a portion of our interest-earning assets. The use of such alternate sources of funds supplements our core deposits and is also an integral part of our asset/liability management efforts.
Other borrowings, comprised primarily of federal funds purchased and advances from the FHLB, totaled $79.7 million and $54.6 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
As described above, we utilize wholesale funding, including FHLB borrowings and brokered time deposits to augment our core deposits and fund a portion of our assets. At September 30, 2018, our use of such wholesale funding sources (including reciprocal deposits) amounted to approximately $380.4 million, or 13.2% of total funding (deposits and total borrowings, excluding subordinated debentures). Because wholesale funding sources are affected by general market conditions, the availability of such funding may be dependent on the confidence these sources have in our financial condition and operations. The continued availability to us of these funding sources is not certain, and Brokered CDs may be difficult for us to retain or replace at attractive rates as they mature. Our liquidity may be constrained if we are unable to renew our wholesale funding sources or if adequate financing is not available in the future at acceptable rates of interest or at all. Our financial performance could also be affected if we are unable to maintain our access to funding sources or if we are required to rely more heavily on more expensive funding sources. In such case, our net interest income and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We historically employed derivative financial instruments to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates. During the first nine months of 2018 and 2017, we entered into $16.6 million and $14.6 million (aggregate notional amounts), respectively, of interest rate swaps with commercial loan customers, which were offset with interest rate swaps that the Bank entered into with a broker-dealer. We recorded $0.4 million and $0.2 million of fee income related to these transactions during the first nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. See note #6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for more information on our derivative financial instruments.
Liquidity and capital resources. Liquidity risk is the risk of being unable to timely meet obligations as they come due at a reasonable funding cost or without incurring unacceptable losses. Our liquidity management involves the measurement and monitoring of a variety of sources and uses of funds. Our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows categorize these sources and uses into operating, investing and financing activities. We primarily focus our liquidity management on maintaining adequate levels of liquid assets (primarily funds on deposit with the FRB and certain securities available for sale) as well as developing access to a variety of borrowing sources to supplement our deposit gathering activities and provide funds for purchasing securities available for sale or originating Portfolio Loans as well as to be able to respond to unforeseen liquidity needs.
Our primary sources of funds include our deposit base, secured advances from the FHLB, federal funds purchased borrowing facilities with other banks, and access to the capital markets (for Brokered CDs).
At September 30, 2018, we had $506.9 million of time deposits that mature in the next 12 months. Historically, a majority of these maturing time deposits are renewed by our customers. Additionally, $2.14 billion of our deposits at September 30, 2018, were in account types from which the customer could withdraw the funds on demand. Changes in the balances of deposits that can be withdrawn upon demand are usually predictable and the total balances of these accounts have generally grown or have been stable over time as a result of our marketing and promotional activities. However, there can be no assurance that historical patterns of renewing time deposits or overall growth or stability in deposits will continue in the future.
We have developed contingency funding plans that stress test our liquidity needs that may arise from certain events such as an adverse change in our financial metrics (for example, credit quality or regulatory capital ratios). Our liquidity management also includes periodic monitoring that measures quick assets (defined generally as highly liquid or short-term assets) to total assets, short-term liability dependence and basic surplus (defined as quick assets less volatile liabilities to total assets). Policy limits have been established for our various liquidity measurements and are monitored on a quarterly basis. In addition, we also prepare cash flow forecasts that include a variety of different scenarios.
We believe that we currently have adequate liquidity at our Bank because of our cash and cash equivalents, our portfolio of securities available for sale, our access to secured advances from the FHLB and our ability to issue Brokered CDs.
We also believe that the available cash on hand at the parent company (including time deposits) of approximately $33.0 million as of September 30, 2018 provides sufficient liquidity resources at the parent company to meet operating expenses, to make interest payments on the subordinated debentures and to pay a cash dividend on our common stock for the foreseeable future.
Effective management of capital resources is critical to our mission to create value for our shareholders. In addition to common stock, our capital structure also currently includes cumulative trust preferred securities.
Capitalization
| | | | | | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Subordinated debentures | | $ | 39,371 | | | $ | 35,569 | |
Amount not qualifying as regulatory capital | | | (1,224 | ) | | | (1,069 | ) |
Amount qualifying as regulatory capital | | | 38,147 | | | | 34,500 | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | |
Common stock | | | 389,689 | | | | 324,986 | |
Accumulated deficit | | | (34,596 | ) | | | (54,054 | ) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (9,889 | ) | | | (5,999 | ) |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | 345,204 | | | | 264,933 | |
Total capitalization | | $ | 383,351 | | | $ | 299,433 | |
We currently have four special purpose entities with $38.1 million of outstanding cumulative trust preferred securities. These special purpose entities issued common securities and provided cash to our parent company that in turn issued subordinated debentures to these special purpose entities equal to the trust preferred securities and common securities. The subordinated debentures represent the sole asset of the special purpose entities. The common securities and subordinated debentures are included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
As part of the TCSB Merger we acquired TCSB Statutory Trust I (a statutory business trust formed solely to issue capital securities) and assumed approximately $5.2 million of subordinated debentures that had a fair value of approximately $3.8 million on April 1, 2018. The trust preferred securities issued by TCSB Statutory Trust I mature in March 2035. The discount recorded on these subordinated debentures is being accreted over their remaining life.
The FRB has issued rules regarding trust preferred securities as a component of the Tier 1 capital of bank holding companies. The aggregate amount of trust preferred securities (and certain other capital elements) are limited to 25 percent of Tier 1 capital elements, net of goodwill (net of any associated deferred tax liability). The amount of trust preferred securities and certain other elements in excess of the limit can be included in Tier 2 capital, subject to restrictions. At the parent company, all of these securities qualified as Tier 1 capital at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Although the Dodd-Frank Act further limited Tier 1 treatment for trust preferred securities, those new limits did not apply to our outstanding trust preferred securities. Further, the New Capital Rules grandfathered the treatment of our trust preferred securities as qualifying regulatory capital.
Common shareholders’ equity increased to $345.2 million at September 30, 2018 from $264.9 million at December 31, 2017 due primarily to shares issued in the TCSB Merger and our net income that was partially offset by an increase in our accumulated other comprehensive loss and by dividends that we paid. Our tangible common equity (“TCE”) totaled $310.2 million and $263.3 million, respectively, at those same dates. Our ratio of TCE to tangible assets was 9.51% and 9.45% at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. TCE and the ratio of TCE to tangible assets are non-GAAP measures. TCE represents total common equity less intangible assets.
In January 2018, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase plan. Under the terms of the 2018 share repurchase plan, we are authorized to buy back up to 5% of our outstanding common stock. This repurchase plan is authorized to last through December 31, 2018. We did not repurchase any shares during the first nine months of 2018.
We pay a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock. These dividends totaled $0.15 per share and $0.10 per share in the third quarters of 2018 and 2017, respectively. We generally favor a dividend payout ratio between 30% and 50% of net income.
As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, our Bank (and holding company) continued to meet the requirements to be considered “well-capitalized” under federal regulatory standards (also see note #10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report).
Asset/liability management. Interest-rate risk is created by differences in the cash flow characteristics of our assets and liabilities. Options embedded in certain financial instruments, including caps on adjustable-rate loans as well as borrowers’ rights to prepay fixed-rate loans, also create interest-rate risk.
Our asset/liability management efforts identify and evaluate opportunities to structure our assets and liabilities in a manner that is consistent with our mission to maintain profitable financial leverage within established risk parameters. We evaluate various opportunities and alternate asset/liability management strategies carefully and consider the likely impact on our risk profile as well as the anticipated contribution to earnings. The marginal cost of funds is a principal consideration in the implementation of our asset/liability management strategies, but such evaluations further consider interest-rate and liquidity risk as well as other pertinent factors. We have established parameters for interest-rate risk. We regularly monitor our interest-rate risk and report at least quarterly to our board of directors.
We employ simulation analyses to monitor our interest-rate risk profile and evaluate potential changes in our net interest income and market value of portfolio equity that result from changes in interest rates. The purpose of these simulations is to identify sources of interest-rate risk. The simulations do not anticipate any actions that we might initiate in response to changes in interest rates and, accordingly, the simulations do not provide a reliable forecast of anticipated results. The simulations are predicated on immediate, permanent and parallel shifts in interest rates and generally assume that current loan and deposit pricing relationships remain constant. The simulations further incorporate assumptions relating to changes in customer behavior, including changes in prepayment rates on certain assets and liabilities.
Changes in Market Value of Portfolio Equity and Net Interest Income
Change in Interest Rates | | Market Value Of Portfolio Equity(1) | | | Percent Change | | | Net Interest Income(2) | | | Percent Change | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
September 30, 2018 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
200 basis point rise | | $ | 474,800 | | | | (4.33 | )% | | $ | 123,700 | | | | 2.66 | % |
100 basis point rise | | | 489,900 | | | | (1.29 | ) | | | 122,700 | | | | 1.83 | |
Base-rate scenario | | | 496,300 | | | | - | | | | 120,500 | | | | - | |
100 basis point decline | | | 486,100 | | | | (2.06 | ) | | | 117,700 | | | | (2.32 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2017 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
200 basis point rise | | $ | 409,200 | | | | (1.23 | )% | | $ | 99,100 | | | | 2.27 | % |
100 basis point rise | | | 417,100 | | | | 0.68 | | | | 98,600 | | | | 1.75 | |
Base-rate scenario | | | 414,300 | | | | - | | | | 96,900 | | | | - | |
100 basis point decline | | | 386,400 | | | | (6.73 | ) | | | 91,600 | | | | (5.47 | ) |
(1) | Simulation analyses calculate the change in the net present value of our assets and liabilities, including debt and related financial derivative instruments, under parallel shifts in interest rates by discounting the estimated future cash flows using a market-based discount rate. Cash flow estimates incorporate anticipated changes in prepayment speeds and other embedded options. |
(2) | Simulation analyses calculate the change in net interest income under immediate parallel shifts in interest rates over the next twelve months, based upon a static statement of financial condition, which includes debt and related financial derivative instruments, and do not consider loan fees. |
Accounting standards update. See note #2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report for details on recently issued accounting pronouncements and their impact on our financial statements.
Fair valuation of financial instruments. Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) topic 820 - “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“FASB ASC topic 820”) defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.
We utilize fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial instruments and to determine fair value disclosures. FASB ASC topic 820 differentiates between those assets and liabilities required to be carried at fair value at every reporting period (“recurring”) and those assets and liabilities that are only required to be adjusted to fair value under certain circumstances (“nonrecurring”). Certain equity securities, securities available for sale, loans held for sale, derivatives and capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights are financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record at fair value other financial assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as loans held for investment and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets. See note #11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for a complete discussion on our use of fair valuation of financial instruments and the related measurement techniques.
Litigation Matters
The aggregate amount we have accrued for losses we consider probable as a result of litigation matters is immaterial. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of outcomes from any litigation matter, we believe it is reasonably possible we may incur losses in addition to the amounts we have accrued. At this time, we estimate the maximum amount of additional losses that are reasonably possible is insignificant. However, because of a number of factors, including the fact that certain of these litigation matters are still in their early stages, this maximum amount may change in the future.
The litigation matters described in the preceding paragraph primarily include claims that have been brought against us for damages, but do not include litigation matters where we seek to collect amounts owed to us by third parties (such as litigation initiated to collect delinquent loans). These excluded, collection-related matters may involve claims or counterclaims by the opposing party or parties, but we have excluded such matters from the disclosure contained in the preceding paragraph in all cases where we believe the possibility of us paying damages to any opposing party is remote. Risks associated with the likelihood that we will not collect the full amount owed to us, net of reserves, are disclosed elsewhere in this report.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our accounting and reporting policies are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and conform to general practices within the banking industry. Accounting and reporting policies for the AFLL, capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights, and income taxes are deemed critical since they involve the use of estimates and require significant management judgments. Application of assumptions different than those that we have used could result in material changes in our consolidated financial position or results of operations. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
See applicable disclosures set forth in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 2 under the caption “Asset/liability management.”
Controls and Procedures
(a) | Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. |
With the participation of management, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a – 15(e) and 15d – 15(e)) for the period ended September 30, 2018, have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
(b) | Changes in Internal Controls. |
During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Part II
There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
The Company maintains a Deferred Compensation and Stock Purchase Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the "Plan") pursuant to which non-employee directors can elect to receive shares of the Company's common stock in lieu of fees otherwise payable to the director for his or her service as a director. A director can elect to receive shares on a current basis or to defer receipt of the shares, in which case the shares are issued to a trust to be held for the account of the director and then generally distributed to the director after his or her retirement from the Board. Pursuant to this Plan, during the third quarter of 2018, the Company issued 587 shares of common stock to non-employee directors on a current basis and 1,455 shares of common stock to the trust for distribution to directors on a deferred basis. The shares were issued on July 2, 2018, at a price of $25.50 per share, representing aggregate fees of $0.05 million. The price per share was the consolidated closing bid price per share of the Company's common stock as of the date of issuance, as determined in accordance with NASDAQ Marketplace Rules. The Company issued the shares pursuant to an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 due to the fact that the issuance of the shares was made on a private basis pursuant to the Plan.
The following table shows certain information relating to repurchases of common stock for the three-months ended September 30, 2018:
Period | | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) | | | Average Price Paid Per Share | | | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plan | | | Remaining Number of Shares Authorized for Purchase Under the Plan | |
July 2018 | | | - | | | $ | - | | | | - | | | | 1,066,693 | |
August 2018 | | | 101 | | | | 25.05 | | | | - | | | | 1,066,693 | |
September 2018 | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,066,693 | |
Total | | | 101 | | | $ | 25.05 | | | | - | | | | 1,066,693 | |
(1) | Represents shares withheld from the shares that would otherwise have been issued to certain officers in order to satisfy tax withholding obligations resulting from vesting of restricted stock. |
(a) | The following exhibits (listed by number corresponding to the Exhibit Table as Item 601 in Regulation S-K) are filed with this report: |
| | Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350). |
| | Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350). |
| | Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350). |
| | Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350). |
| 101.INS Instance Document |
| 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
| 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
| 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
| 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
| 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date | November 2, 2018 | | By | /s/ Robert N. Shuster |
| | | | Robert N. Shuster, Principal Financial Officer |
| | | | |
Date | November 2, 2018 | | By | /s/ James J. Twarozynski |
| | | | James J. Twarozynski, Principal Accounting Officer |