Revenue | REVENUE The majority of our revenue is derived from long-term contracts and programs that can span several years. We account for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which we adopted on January 1, 2017, using the retrospective method. See Note Q for further discussion of the adoption, including the impact on our 2016 financial statements. Performance Obligations. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in ASC Topic 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, not distinct. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which we forecast our expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. Our performance obligations are satisfied over time as work progresses or at a point in time. Revenue from products and services transferred to customers over time accounted for 71% and 70% of our revenue for the three- and six-month periods ended July 2, 2017 , and 68% and 71% of our revenue for the three- and six-month periods ended July 3, 2016 , respectively. Substantially all of our revenue in the defense groups is recognized over time. Typically, revenue is recognized over time using an input measure (e.g., costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion) to measure progress. Contract costs include labor, material, overhead and, when appropriate, G&A expenses. Revenue from goods and services transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for 29% and 30% of our revenue for the three- and six-month periods ended July 2, 2017 , and 32% and 29% of our revenue for the three- and six-month periods ended July 3, 2016 , respectively. The majority of our revenue recognized at a point in time is for the manufacture of business-jet aircraft in our Aerospace group. Revenue on these contracts is recognized when the customer accepts the fully outfitted aircraft. On July 2, 2017 , we had $58.6 billion of remaining performance obligations, which we also refer to as total backlog. We expect to recognize approximately 55% of our remaining performance obligations as revenue by 2018, an additional 30% by 2020 and the balance thereafter. Contract Estimates. Accounting for long-term contracts and programs involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. For long-term contracts, we estimate the profit on a contract as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract and recognize that profit over the life of the contract. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that often span several years. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the work to be performed; the cost and availability of materials; the performance of subcontractors; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer. The nature of our contracts gives rise to several types of variable consideration, including claims and award and incentive fees. We include in our contract estimates additional revenue for submitted contract modifications or claims against the customer when we believe we have an enforceable right to the modification or claim, the amount can be estimated reliably and its realization is probable. In evaluating these criteria, we consider the contractual/legal basis for the claim, the cause of any additional costs incurred, the reasonableness of those costs and the objective evidence available to support the claim. We include award or incentive fees in the estimated transaction price when there is a basis to reasonably estimate the amount of the fee. These estimates are based on historical award experience, anticipated performance and our best judgment at the time. Because of our certainty in estimating these amounts, they are included in the transaction price of our contracts and the associated remaining performance obligations. As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts, we review and update our contract-related estimates regularly. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date on a contract is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize the total loss in the quarter it is identified. The impact of adjustments in contract estimates on our operating earnings can be reflected in either operating costs and expenses or revenue. The aggregate impact of adjustments in contract estimates increased our revenue, operating earnings and diluted earnings per share as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended July 2, 2017 July 3, 2016 July 2, 2017 July 3, 2016 Revenue $ 90 $ 55 $ 162 $ 123 Operating earnings 121 59 171 117 Diluted earnings per share $ 0.26 $ 0.12 $ 0.36 $ 0.24 No adjustment on any one contract was material to our unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for the three- and six-month periods ended July 2, 2017 , and July 3, 2016 . Revenue by Category. Our portfolio of products and services consists of over 10,000 active contracts. The following series of tables presents our revenue disaggregated by several categories. Revenue by major product line was as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended July 2, 2017 July 3, 2016 July 2, 2017 July 3, 2016 Aircraft manufacturing, outfitting and completions $ 1,600 $ 1,842 $ 3,229 $ 3,218 Aircraft services 445 404 880 805 Pre-owned aircraft 33 38 43 42 Total Aerospace 2,078 2,284 4,152 4,065 Wheeled combat vehicles 566 545 1,126 1,108 Weapons systems, armament and munitions 409 355 755 696 Tanks and tracked vehicles 278 238 525 430 Engineering and other services 161 159 295 308 Total Combat Systems 1,414 1,297 2,701 2,542 C4ISR* solutions 1,052 1,119 2,140 2,305 Information technology (IT) services 1,052 1,096 2,110 2,238 Total Information Systems and Technology 2,104 2,215 4,250 4,543 Nuclear-powered submarines 1,342 1,278 2,546 2,665 Surface combatants 254 282 501 555 Auxiliary and commercial ships 155 152 298 301 Repair and other services 328 266 668 579 Total Marine Systems 2,079 1,978 4,013 4,100 Total revenue $ 7,675 $ 7,774 $ 15,116 $ 15,250 * Command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. Revenue by contract type was as follows: Three Months Ended July 2, 2017 Aerospace Combat Systems Information Systems and Technology Marine Systems Total Revenue Fixed-price $ 1,913 $ 1,207 $ 892 $ 1,253 $ 5,265 Cost-reimbursement — 196 1,018 824 2,038 Time-and-materials 165 11 194 2 372 Total revenue $ 2,078 $ 1,414 $ 2,104 $ 2,079 $ 7,675 Three Months Ended July 3, 2016 Fixed-price $ 2,133 $ 1,081 $ 1,010 $ 1,223 $ 5,447 Cost-reimbursement — 207 994 752 1,953 Time-and-materials 151 9 211 3 374 Total revenue $ 2,284 $ 1,297 $ 2,215 $ 1,978 $ 7,774 Six Months Ended July 2, 2017 Aerospace Combat Systems Information Systems and Technology Marine Systems Total Revenue Fixed-price $ 3,815 $ 2,280 $ 1,822 $ 2,383 $ 10,300 Cost-reimbursement — 403 2,028 1,625 4,056 Time-and-materials 337 18 400 5 760 Total revenue $ 4,152 $ 2,701 $ 4,250 $ 4,013 $ 15,116 Six Months Ended July 3, 2016 Fixed-price $ 3,774 $ 2,105 $ 2,087 $ 2,544 $ 10,510 Cost-reimbursement — 423 2,043 1,552 4,018 Time-and-materials 291 14 413 4 722 Total revenue $ 4,065 $ 2,542 $ 4,543 $ 4,100 $ 15,250 Each of these contract types presents advantages and disadvantages. Typically, we assume more risk with fixed-price contracts. However, these types of contracts offer additional profits when we complete the work for less than originally estimated. Cost-reimbursement contracts generally subject us to lower risk. Accordingly, the associated base fees are usually lower than fees earned on fixed-price contracts. Under time-and-materials contracts, our profit may vary if actual labor-hour costs vary significantly from the negotiated rates. Also, because these contracts can provide little or no fee for managing material costs, the content mix can impact profitability. Revenue by customer was as follows: Three Months Ended July 2, 2017 Aerospace Combat Systems Information Systems and Technology Marine Systems Total Revenue U.S. government: Department of Defense (DoD) $ 32 $ 636 $ 1,137 $ 2,016 $ 3,821 Non-DoD — 25 663 — 688 Foreign Military Sales (FMS) 9 83 21 40 153 Total U.S. government 41 744 1,821 2,056 4,662 U.S. commercial 877 42 94 17 1,030 Non-U.S. government 64 594 155 4 817 Non-U.S. commercial 1,096 34 34 2 1,166 Total revenue $ 2,078 $ 1,414 $ 2,104 $ 2,079 $ 7,675 Three Months Ended July 3, 2016 U.S. government: DoD $ 64 $ 499 $ 1,198 $ 1,840 $ 3,601 Non-DoD — 25 676 1 702 FMS 45 80 12 39 176 Total U.S. government 109 604 1,886 1,880 4,479 U.S. commercial 940 64 98 92 1,194 Non-U.S. government 238 603 181 6 1,028 Non-U.S. commercial 997 26 50 — 1,073 Total revenue $ 2,284 $ 1,297 $ 2,215 $ 1,978 $ 7,774 Six Months Ended July 2, 2017 Aerospace Combat Systems Information Systems and Technology Marine Systems Total Revenue U.S. government: DoD $ 72 $ 1,223 $ 2,312 $ 3,853 $ 7,460 Non-DoD — 49 1,328 — 1,377 FMS 18 191 33 98 340 Total U.S. government 90 1,463 3,673 3,951 9,177 U.S. commercial 1,813 103 183 50 2,149 Non-U.S. government 69 1,096 331 8 1,504 Non-U.S. commercial 2,180 39 63 4 2,286 Total revenue $ 4,152 $ 2,701 $ 4,250 $ 4,013 $ 15,116 Six Months Ended July 3, 2016 U.S. government: DoD $ 110 $ 1,013 $ 2,504 $ 3,832 $ 7,459 Non-DoD — 45 1,394 3 1,442 FMS 90 155 24 76 345 Total U.S. government 200 1,213 3,922 3,911 9,246 U.S. commercial 1,913 119 185 177 2,394 Non-U.S. government 315 1,150 341 12 1,818 Non-U.S. commercial 1,637 60 95 — 1,792 Total revenue $ 4,065 $ 2,542 $ 4,543 $ 4,100 $ 15,250 Contract Balances. The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. In our defense groups, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals (e.g., biweekly or monthly) or upon achievement of contractual milestones. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. However, we sometimes receive advances or deposits from our customers, particularly on our international contracts, before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These assets and liabilities are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. In our Aerospace group, we generally receive deposits from customers upon contract execution and upon achievement of contractual milestones. These deposits are liquidated when revenue is recognized. Changes in the contract asset and liability balances during the six-month period ended July 2, 2017 , were not materially impacted by any other factors. Revenue recognized for the three- and six-month periods ended July 2, 2017 , and July 3, 2016 , that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of each year was $1.3 billion and $2.9 billion , and $1.4 billion and $2.8 billion , respectively. This revenue represented primarily the sale of business-jet aircraft. |