Revenue | REVENUE The majority of our revenue is derived from long-term contracts and programs that can span several years. We account for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which we adopted on January 1, 2017, using the retrospective method. See Note Q for further discussion of the adoption, including the impact on our 2016 financial statements. Performance Obligations. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in ASC Topic 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, not distinct. Some of our contracts have multiple performance obligations, most commonly due to the contract covering multiple phases of the product lifecycle (development, production, maintenance and support). For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which we forecast our expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. Contract modifications are routine in the performance of our contracts. Contracts are often modified to account for changes in the contract specifications or requirements. In most instances, contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct, and, therefore, are accounted for as part of the existing contract. Our performance obligations are satisfied over time as work progresses or at a point in time. Revenue from products and services transferred to customers over time accounted for 70% of our revenue for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2017 , and 72% and 71% of our revenue for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 2, 2016 , respectively. Substantially all of our revenue in the defense groups is recognized over time because control is transferred continuously to our customers. Typically, revenue is recognized over time using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress toward satisfying our performance obligations. Incurred cost represents work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material, overhead and, when appropriate, G&A expenses. Revenue from goods and services transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for 30% of our revenue for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2017 , and 28% and 29% of our revenue for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 2, 2016 , respectively. The majority of our revenue recognized at a point in time is for the manufacture of business-jet aircraft in our Aerospace group. Revenue on these contracts is recognized when the customer obtains control of the asset, which is generally upon delivery and acceptance by the customer of the fully outfitted aircraft. On October 1, 2017 , we had $63.9 billion of remaining performance obligations, which we also refer to as total backlog. We expect to recognize approximately 50% of our remaining performance obligations as revenue by 2018, an additional 30% by 2020 and the balance thereafter. Contract Estimates. Accounting for long-term contracts and programs involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. For long-term contracts, we estimate the profit on a contract as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract and recognize that profit over the life of the contract. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that often span several years. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the work to be performed; the cost and availability of materials; the performance of subcontractors; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer. The nature of our contracts gives rise to several types of variable consideration, including claims and award and incentive fees. We include in our contract estimates additional revenue for submitted contract modifications or claims against the customer when we believe we have an enforceable right to the modification or claim, the amount can be estimated reliably and its realization is probable. In evaluating these criteria, we consider the contractual/legal basis for the claim, the cause of any additional costs incurred, the reasonableness of those costs and the objective evidence available to support the claim. We include award or incentive fees in the estimated transaction price when there is a basis to reasonably estimate the amount of the fee. These estimates are based on historical award experience, anticipated performance and our best judgment at the time. Because of our certainty in estimating these amounts, they are included in the transaction price of our contracts and the associated remaining performance obligations. As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts, we review and update our contract-related estimates regularly. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date on a contract is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize the total loss in the quarter it is identified. The impact of adjustments in contract estimates on our operating earnings can be reflected in either operating costs and expenses or revenue. The aggregate impact of adjustments in contract estimates increased our revenue, operating earnings and diluted earnings per share as follows: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended October 1, 2017 October 2, 2016 October 1, 2017 October 2, 2016 Revenue $ 94 $ 94 $ 256 $ 217 Operating earnings 103 52 274 169 Diluted earnings per share $ 0.22 $ 0.11 $ 0.58 $ 0.35 No adjustment on any one contract was material to our unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2017 , and October 2, 2016 . Revenue by Category. Our portfolio of products and services consists of over 10,000 active contracts. The following series of tables presents our revenue disaggregated by several categories. Revenue by major product line was as follows: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended October 1, 2017 October 2, 2016 October 1, 2017 October 2, 2016 Aircraft manufacturing, outfitting and completions $ 1,562 $ 1,482 $ 4,791 $ 4,700 Aircraft services 422 406 1,302 1,211 Pre-owned aircraft 11 37 54 79 Total Aerospace 1,995 1,925 6,147 5,990 Wheeled combat vehicles 623 587 1,749 1,695 Weapons systems, armament and munitions 412 363 1,167 1,059 Tanks and tracked vehicles 315 218 840 648 Engineering and other services 150 159 445 467 Total Combat Systems 1,500 1,327 4,201 3,869 C4ISR* solutions 1,086 1,254 3,226 3,559 Information technology (IT) services 1,068 1,076 3,178 3,314 Total Information Systems and Technology 2,154 2,330 6,404 6,873 Nuclear-powered submarines 1,248 1,357 3,794 4,022 Surface combatants 256 250 757 805 Auxiliary and commercial ships 129 190 427 491 Repair and other services 298 278 966 857 Total Marine Systems 1,931 2,075 5,944 6,175 Total revenue $ 7,580 $ 7,657 $ 22,696 $ 22,907 * Command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. Revenue by contract type was as follows: Three Months Ended October 1, 2017 Aerospace Combat Systems Information Systems and Technology Marine Systems Total Revenue Fixed-price $ 1,835 $ 1,258 $ 971 $ 1,131 $ 5,195 Cost-reimbursement — 233 989 797 2,019 Time-and-materials 160 9 194 3 366 Total revenue $ 1,995 $ 1,500 $ 2,154 $ 1,931 $ 7,580 Three Months Ended October 2, 2016 Fixed-price $ 1,773 $ 1,102 $ 1,094 $ 1,241 $ 5,210 Cost-reimbursement — 215 1,033 832 2,080 Time-and-materials 152 10 203 2 367 Total revenue $ 1,925 $ 1,327 $ 2,330 $ 2,075 $ 7,657 Nine Months Ended October 1, 2017 Aerospace Combat Systems Information Systems and Technology Marine Systems Total Revenue Fixed-price $ 5,650 $ 3,538 $ 2,793 $ 3,514 $ 15,495 Cost-reimbursement — 636 3,017 2,422 6,075 Time-and-materials 497 27 594 8 1,126 Total revenue $ 6,147 $ 4,201 $ 6,404 $ 5,944 $ 22,696 Nine Months Ended October 2, 2016 Fixed-price $ 5,547 $ 3,207 $ 3,181 $ 3,785 $ 15,720 Cost-reimbursement — 638 3,076 2,384 6,098 Time-and-materials 443 24 616 6 1,089 Total revenue $ 5,990 $ 3,869 $ 6,873 $ 6,175 $ 22,907 Each of these contract types presents advantages and disadvantages. Typically, we assume more risk with fixed-price contracts. However, these types of contracts offer additional profits when we complete the work for less than originally estimated. Cost-reimbursement contracts generally subject us to lower risk. Accordingly, the associated base fees are usually lower than fees earned on fixed-price contracts. Under time-and-materials contracts, our profit may vary if actual labor-hour costs vary significantly from the negotiated rates. Also, because these contracts can provide little or no fee for managing material costs, the content mix can impact profitability. Revenue by customer was as follows: Three Months Ended October 1, 2017 Aerospace Combat Systems Information Systems and Technology Marine Systems Total Revenue U.S. government: Department of Defense (DoD) $ 40 $ 639 $ 1,207 $ 1,878 $ 3,764 Non-DoD — 22 679 1 702 Foreign Military Sales (FMS) 8 93 17 42 160 Total U.S. government 48 754 1,903 1,921 4,626 U.S. commercial 958 63 78 6 1,105 Non-U.S. government 63 668 136 2 869 Non-U.S. commercial 926 15 37 2 980 Total revenue $ 1,995 $ 1,500 $ 2,154 $ 1,931 $ 7,580 Three Months Ended October 2, 2016 U.S. government: DoD $ 77 $ 561 $ 1,398 $ 1,895 $ 3,931 Non-DoD — 34 653 2 689 FMS 2 83 10 59 154 Total U.S. government 79 678 2,061 1,956 4,774 U.S. commercial 767 48 100 111 1,026 Non-U.S. government 171 586 135 8 900 Non-U.S. commercial 908 15 34 — 957 Total revenue $ 1,925 $ 1,327 $ 2,330 $ 2,075 $ 7,657 Nine Months Ended October 1, 2017 Aerospace Combat Systems Information Systems and Technology Marine Systems Total Revenue U.S. government: DoD $ 112 $ 1,862 $ 3,519 $ 5,731 $ 11,224 Non-DoD — 71 2,007 1 2,079 FMS 26 284 50 140 500 Total U.S. government 138 2,217 5,576 5,872 13,803 U.S. commercial 2,771 166 261 56 3,254 Non-U.S. government 132 1,764 467 10 2,373 Non-U.S. commercial 3,106 54 100 6 3,266 Total revenue $ 6,147 $ 4,201 $ 6,404 $ 5,944 $ 22,696 Nine Months Ended October 2, 2016 U.S. government: DoD $ 187 $ 1,574 $ 3,902 $ 5,727 $ 11,390 Non-DoD — 79 2,047 5 2,131 FMS 92 238 34 135 499 Total U.S. government 279 1,891 5,983 5,867 14,020 U.S. commercial 2,586 167 285 288 3,326 Non-U.S. government 486 1,736 476 20 2,718 Non-U.S. commercial 2,639 75 129 — 2,843 Total revenue $ 5,990 $ 3,869 $ 6,873 $ 6,175 $ 22,907 Contract Balances. The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. In our defense groups, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals (e.g., biweekly or monthly) or upon achievement of contractual milestones. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. However, we sometimes receive advances or deposits from our customers, particularly on our international contracts, before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These assets and liabilities are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. In our Aerospace group, we generally receive deposits from customers upon contract execution and upon achievement of contractual milestones. These deposits are liquidated when revenue is recognized. Changes in the contract asset and liability balances during the nine-month period ended October 1, 2017 , were not materially impacted by any other factors. Revenue recognized for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2017 , and October 2, 2016 , that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of each year was $982 and $3.9 billion , and $911 and $3.7 billion , respectively. This revenue represented primarily the sale of business-jet aircraft. |