Revenue | REVENUE Performance Obligations. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account for revenue. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation within that contract and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and is, therefore, not distinct. Some of our contracts have multiple performance obligations, most commonly due to the contract covering multiple phases of the product life cycle (development, production, maintenance and support). For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which we forecast our expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. Contract modifications are routine in the performance of our contracts. Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications or requirements. In most instances, contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct and, therefore, are accounted for as part of the existing contract. Our performance obligations are satisfied over time as work progresses or at a point in time. Revenue from products and services transferred to customers over time accounted for 80% of our revenue for the three- and six-month periods ended July 3, 2022, and 81% and 80% of our revenue for the three- and six-month periods ended July 4, 2021, respectively. Substantially all of our revenue in the defense segments is recognized over time, because control is transferred continuously to our customers. Typically, revenue is recognized over time using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress toward satisfying our performance obligations. Incurred cost represents work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material, overhead and, when appropriate, G&A expenses. Revenue from goods and services transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for 20% of our revenue for the three- and six-month periods ended July 3, 2022 , and 19% and 20% of our revenue for the three- and six-month periods ended July 4, 2021, respectively. Most of our revenue recognized at a point in time is for the manufacture of business jet aircraft in our Aerospace segment. Revenue on these contracts is recognized when the customer obtains control of the asset, which is generally upon delivery and acceptance by the customer of the fully outfitted aircraft. On July 3, 2022, we had $87.6 billion of remaining performance obligations, which we also refer to as total backlog. We expect to recognize approximately 50% of our remaining performance obligations as revenue by year-end 2023, an additional 30% by year-end 2025 and the balance thereafter. Contract Estimates. The majority of our revenue is derived from long-term contracts and programs that can span several years. Accounting for long-term contracts and programs involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. For long-term contracts, we estimate the profit on a contract as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract and recognize that profit over the life of the contract. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that often span several years. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the work to be performed; the cost and availability of materials; the performance of subcontractors; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer. The nature of our contracts gives rise to several types of variable consideration, including claims, award fees and incentive fees. We include in our contract estimates additional revenue for submitted contract modifications or claims against the customer when we believe we have an enforceable right to the modification or claim, the amount can be estimated reliably and its realization is probable. In evaluating these criteria, we consider the contractual/legal basis for the claim, the cause of any additional costs incurred, the reasonableness of those costs and the objective evidence available to support the claim. We include award fees or incentive fees in the estimated transaction price when there is a basis to reasonably estimate the amount of the fee. These estimates are based on historical award experience, anticipated performance and our best judgment at the time. As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts, we review and update our contract-related estimates regularly. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date on a contract is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize the total loss in the period it is identified. The impact of adjustments in contract estimates on our operating earnings can be reflected in either operating costs and expenses or revenue. The aggregate impact of adjustments in contract estimates increased our revenue, operating earnings and diluted earnings per share as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended July 3, 2022 July 4, 2021 July 3, 2022 July 4, 2021 Revenue $ 112 $ 75 $ 219 $ 160 Operating earnings 101 76 206 139 Diluted earnings per share $ 0.29 $ 0.21 $ 0.58 $ 0.39 No adjustment on any one contract was material to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for the three- and six-month periods ended July 3, 2022, or July 4, 2021. Revenue by Category. Our portfolio of products and services consists of approximately 10,000 active contracts. The following series of tables presents our revenue disaggregated by several categories. Revenue by major products and services was as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended July 3, 2022 July 4, 2021 July 3, 2022 July 4, 2021 Aircraft manufacturing $ 1,112 $ 1,072 $ 2,374 $ 2,444 Aircraft services 755 550 1,396 1,065 Total Aerospace 1,867 1,622 3,770 3,509 Nuclear-powered submarines 1,710 1,679 3,472 3,398 Surface ships 611 585 1,204 1,113 Repair and other services 330 272 626 508 Total Marine Systems 2,651 2,536 5,302 5,019 Military vehicles 1,084 1,231 2,179 2,434 Weapons systems, armament and munitions 418 511 834 971 Engineering and other services 164 157 328 314 Total Combat Systems 1,666 1,899 3,341 3,719 Information technology (IT) services 2,010 2,071 4,150 4,156 C5ISR* solutions 995 1,092 2,018 2,206 Total Technologies 3,005 3,163 6,168 6,362 Total revenue $ 9,189 $ 9,220 $ 18,581 $ 18,609 * Command, control, communications, computers, cyber, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance Revenue by contract type was as follows: Three Months Ended July 3, 2022 Aerospace Marine Systems Combat Systems Technologies Total Fixed-price $ 1,614 $ 1,609 $ 1,441 $ 1,286 $ 5,950 Cost-reimbursement — 1,042 211 1,256 2,509 Time-and-materials 253 — 14 463 730 Total revenue $ 1,867 $ 2,651 $ 1,666 $ 3,005 $ 9,189 Three Months Ended July 4, 2021 Fixed-price $ 1,440 $ 1,810 $ 1,668 $ 1,304 $ 6,222 Cost-reimbursement — 726 216 1,363 2,305 Time-and-materials 182 — 15 496 693 Total revenue $ 1,622 $ 2,536 $ 1,899 $ 3,163 $ 9,220 Six Months Ended July 3, 2022 Aerospace Marine Systems Combat Systems Technologies Total Fixed-price $ 3,287 $ 3,210 $ 2,906 $ 2,624 $ 12,027 Cost-reimbursement — 2,092 408 2,584 5,084 Time-and-materials 483 — 27 960 1,470 Total revenue $ 3,770 $ 5,302 $ 3,341 $ 6,168 $ 18,581 Six Months Ended July 4, 2021 Fixed-price $ 3,149 $ 3,594 $ 3,237 $ 2,644 $ 12,624 Cost-reimbursement — 1,425 451 2,726 4,602 Time-and-materials 360 — 31 992 1,383 Total revenue $ 3,509 $ 5,019 $ 3,719 $ 6,362 $ 18,609 Our segments operate under fixed-price, cost-reimbursement and time-and-materials contracts. Our production contracts are primarily fixed-price. Under these contracts, we agree to perform a specific scope of work for a fixed amount. Contracts for research, engineering, repair and maintenance, and other services are typically cost-reimbursement or time-and-materials. Under cost-reimbursement contracts, the customer reimburses contract costs incurred and pays a fixed, incentive or award-based fee. The amount for an incentive or award fee is determined by our ability to achieve targets set in the contract, such as cost, quality, schedule and performance. Under time-and-materials contracts, the customer pays a fixed hourly rate for direct labor and generally reimburses us for the cost of materials. Each of these contract types presents advantages and disadvantages. Typically, we assume more risk with fixed-price contracts. However, these types of contracts offer additional profits when we complete the work for less than originally estimated. Cost-reimbursement contracts generally subject us to lower risk. Accordingly, the associated base fees are usually lower than fees earned on fixed-price contracts. Under time-and-materials contracts, our profit may vary if actual labor-hour rates vary significantly from the negotiated rates. Also, because these contracts can provide little or no fee for managing material costs, the content mix can impact profitability. Revenue by customer was as follows: Three Months Ended July 3, 2022 Aerospace Marine Systems Combat Systems Technologies Total U.S. government: Department of Defense (DoD) $ 80 $ 2,620 $ 940 $ 1,667 $ 5,307 Non-DoD — — 3 1,178 1,181 Foreign military sales (FMS) 49 29 50 6 134 Total U.S. government 129 2,649 993 2,851 6,622 U.S. commercial 1,088 1 60 53 1,202 Non-U.S. government 179 1 590 93 863 Non-U.S. commercial 471 — 23 8 502 Total revenue $ 1,867 $ 2,651 $ 1,666 $ 3,005 $ 9,189 Three Months Ended July 4, 2021 U.S. government: DoD $ 72 $ 2,492 $ 954 $ 1,758 $ 5,276 Non-DoD — — 3 1,295 1,298 FMS 18 41 62 6 127 Total U.S. government 90 2,533 1,019 3,059 6,701 U.S. commercial 982 1 42 36 1,061 Non-U.S. government 50 — 822 64 936 Non-U.S. commercial 500 2 16 4 522 Total revenue $ 1,622 $ 2,536 $ 1,899 $ 3,163 $ 9,220 Six Months Ended July 3, 2022 Aerospace Marine Systems Combat Systems Technologies Total U.S. government: DoD $ 160 $ 5,225 $ 1,795 $ 3,418 $ 10,598 Non-DoD — 1 5 2,421 2,427 FMS 82 73 119 16 290 Total U.S. government 242 5,299 1,919 5,855 13,315 U.S. commercial 2,198 1 105 103 2,407 Non-U.S. government 299 2 1,275 195 1,771 Non-U.S. commercial 1,031 — 42 15 1,088 Total revenue $ 3,770 $ 5,302 $ 3,341 $ 6,168 $ 18,581 Six Months Ended July 4, 2021 U.S. government: DoD $ 130 $ 4,912 $ 1,870 $ 3,505 $ 10,417 Non-DoD — 4 5 2,541 2,550 FMS 37 97 149 20 303 Total U.S. government 167 5,013 2,024 6,066 13,270 U.S. commercial 1,839 2 108 93 2,042 Non-U.S. government 240 2 1,554 193 1,989 Non-U.S. commercial 1,263 2 33 10 1,308 Total revenue $ 3,509 $ 5,019 $ 3,719 $ 6,362 $ 18,609 Contract Balances. The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. In our defense segments, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals (e.g., biweekly or monthly) or upon achievement of contractual milestones. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. However, we sometimes receive advances or deposits from our customers, particularly on our international contracts, before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These assets and liabilities are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. In our Aerospace segment, we generally receive deposits from customers upon contract execution and upon achievement of contractual milestones. These deposits are liquidated when revenue is recognized. Changes in the contract asset and liability balances during the six-month period ended July 3, 2022, were not materially impacted by any other factors. Revenue recognized for the three- and six-month periods ended July 3, 2022, and July 4, 2021, that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of each year was $865 and $2.6 billion, and $860 and $2.4 billion, respectively. This revenue represented primarily the sale of business jet aircraft. |