Retirement Benefits | Retirement Benefits The Company has a defined contribution plan, under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, which provides retirement benefits to most U.S. employees. For all employees who choose to participate, the Company matches employee contributions at a 100 percent rate, up to 3 percent of the employee’s compensation. For employees not covered by a defined benefit plan, the Company contributed an amount equal to 1.5 percent of the employee’s compensation through 2019 and increased the contribution to 2.0 percent effective January 1, 2020. Employer contributions totaled $8.4 million in 2019 , $8.0 million in 2018 and $7.8 million in 2017 . The Company’s postretirement medical plan provides certain medical benefits for retired U.S. employees. Employees hired before January 1, 2005, are eligible for these benefits upon retirement and fulfillment of other eligibility requirements as specified by the plan. The Company has both funded and unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plans that together cover most U.S. employees hired before January 1, 2006, certain directors and some of the employees of the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries. The Company restructured its U.S. qualified defined benefit plan in 2017. Under the restructuring, the plan transferred $42 million of liabilities and assets associated with certain plan participants to an insurance company via the purchase of a group annuity contract, and the Company recognized a $12 million settlement loss, included in 2017 other non-operating expense. Remaining pension plan participants and related liabilities and assets were transferred into one of two new, legally separate qualified defined benefit plans, and the former plan was terminated. The benefits offered to the plans’ participants were unchanged. For U.S. plans, benefits are based on years of service and the highest 5 consecutive years’ earnings in the 10 years preceding retirement. The Company funds annually in amounts consistent with minimum funding levels and maximum tax deduction limits. Investment policies and strategies of the U.S. funded pension plans are based on participant demographics of each plan. For the larger of the two plans (the “Blue plan”) covering active participants and retirees with higher benefit amounts, investments are based on a long-term view of economic growth and weighted toward equity securities. The primary goal of the plan’s investments is to ensure that the plan’s liabilities are met over time. In developing strategic asset allocation guidelines, an emphasis is placed on the long-term characteristics of individual asset classes, and the benefits of diversification among multiple asset classes. The plan invests primarily in domestic and international equities, fixed income securities, which include treasuries, highly-rated corporate bonds and high-yield bonds and real estate. Strategic target allocations for Blue plan assets are 50 percent equity securities, 37 percent fixed income securities and 13 percent real estate and alternative investments. For the smaller of the two plans (the “Gray plan”) covering retirees with lower benefit amounts, investments are based on a shorter-term, more conservative outlook. The midpoints of the ranges of strategic target allocations for the Gray plan assets are 28 percent equity securities, 60 percent fixed income securities and 12 percent real estate and alternative investments. Plan assets are held in trusts for the benefit of plan participants and are invested in various commingled funds, most of which are sponsored by the trustee. The fair values for commingled equity, fixed-income and real estate investments are measured using net asset values, which take into consideration the value of underlying fund investments, as well as the other accrued assets and liabilities of a fund, in order to determine a per share market value. Certain trustee-sponsored funds allow redemptions monthly or quarterly, with 10 or 60 days advance notice, while most of the funds allow redemptions daily. The plans had unfunded commitments to make additional investments in certain funds totaling $2.5 million as of December 27, 2019 and $3.0 million as of December 28, 2018 . The Company maintains a defined contribution plan covering employees of a Swiss subsidiary, funded by Company and employee contributions. Responsibility for pension coverage under Swiss law has been transferred to a Swiss insurance company. Plan assets are invested in an insurance contract that guarantees a federally mandated annual rate of return. The value of the plan assets is effectively the value of the insurance contract. The performance of the underlying assets held by the insurance company has no direct impact on the surrender value of the insurance contract. The insurance backed assets have no active market and are classified as level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Assets of all plans by category and fair value measurement level were as follows (in thousands): Level 2019 2018 Cash and cash equivalents (1) 1 $ (156 ) $ 927 Insurance contract 3 27,675 26,364 Investments categorized in fair value hierarchy 27,519 27,291 Equity U.S. Large Cap N/A 84,330 53,597 U.S. Small/Mid Cap N/A 9,202 7,602 International N/A 39,240 31,586 Total Equity 132,772 92,785 Fixed income N/A 107,832 76,213 Real estate and other N/A 35,821 72,964 Investments measured at net asset value 276,425 241,962 Total $ 303,944 $ 269,253 (1) Negative cash for 2019 represents unsettled pending trades within an investment that are classified in cash and cash equivalents until settled. The following table is a reconciliation of pension assets measured at fair value using level 3 inputs (in thousands): 2019 2018 Balance, beginning of year $ 26,364 $ 26,411 Purchases 2,151 2,074 Redemptions (1,326 ) (2,086 ) Unrealized gains (losses) 486 (35 ) Balance, end of year $ 27,675 $ 26,364 The following provides a reconciliation of the changes in the plans’ benefit obligations and fair value of assets over the periods ending December 27, 2019 , and December 28, 2018 , and a statement of the funded status as of the same dates (in thousands): Pension Benefits Postretirement Medical Benefits 2019 2018 2019 2018 Change in benefit obligation Obligation, beginning of year $ 371,282 $ 393,559 $ 27,778 $ 27,771 Service cost 7,735 8,487 545 636 Interest cost 15,103 13,424 1,162 1,084 Actuarial loss (gain) 67,756 (30,452 ) 2,532 (397 ) Benefit payments (12,594 ) (11,265 ) (1,371 ) (1,316 ) Settlements — (1,561 ) — — Exchange rate changes 137 (910 ) — — Obligation, end of year $ 449,419 $ 371,282 $ 30,646 $ 27,778 Change in plan assets Fair value, beginning of year $ 269,253 $ 254,186 $ — $ — Actual return on assets 44,743 (13,875 ) — — Employer contributions 2,276 42,023 1,371 1,316 Benefit payments (12,594 ) (11,265 ) (1,371 ) (1,316 ) Settlements — (1,561 ) — — Exchange rate changes 266 (255 ) — — Fair value, end of year $ 303,944 $ 269,253 $ — $ — Funded status $ (145,475 ) $ (102,029 ) $ (30,646 ) $ (27,778 ) Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets Non-current assets $ 2,931 $ — $ — $ — Current liabilities 1,824 1,453 1,656 1,573 Non-current liabilities 146,582 100,576 28,990 26,205 Net $ 145,475 $ 102,029 $ 30,646 $ 27,778 Changes in discount rates used to value pension obligations were the main drivers of large actuarial losses (gains) in 2019 and 2018. In the third quarter of 2018, the Company made a $40 million voluntary contribution to one of its U.S. qualified defined benefit plans. The accumulated benefit obligation as of year-end for all defined benefit pension plans was $410 million for 2019 and $344 million for 2018 . Information for plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets follows (in thousands): 2019 2018 Projected benefit obligation $ 402,900 $ 371,282 Accumulated benefit obligation 363,497 343,705 Fair value of plan assets 254,493 269,253 The components of net periodic benefit cost for the plans for 2019 , 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in thousands): Pension Benefits Postretirement Medical Benefits 2019 2018 2017 2019 2018 2017 Service cost-benefits earned during the period $ 7,735 $ 8,487 $ 7,675 $ 545 $ 636 $ 601 Interest cost on projected benefit obligation 15,103 13,424 15,044 1,162 1,084 1,093 Expected return on assets (17,152 ) (17,447 ) (17,186 ) — — — Amortization of prior service cost (credit) 279 279 255 — — (344 ) Amortization of net loss (gain) 8,392 7,931 8,634 273 646 334 Settlement loss (gain) — 184 12,313 — — — Cost of pension plans which are not significant and have not adopted ASC 715 110 106 122 N/A N/A N/A Net periodic benefit cost $ 14,467 $ 12,964 $ 26,857 $ 1,980 $ 2,366 $ 1,684 Net periodic benefit cost is disaggregated between service cost presented as operating expense and other components of pension cost presented as non-operating expense. Other components of pension cost and changes in cash surrender value of insurance contracts intended to fund certain non-qualified pension and deferred compensation arrangements included in non-operating expenses totaled $5 million in 2019, $8 million in 2018 and $18 million in 2017. Amounts recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss in 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in thousands): Pension Benefits Postretirement Medical Benefits 2019 2018 2019 2018 Net loss (gain) arising during the period $ 40,184 $ 644 $ 2,532 $ (397 ) Amortization of net gain (loss) (8,392 ) (7,931 ) (273 ) (646 ) Settlement gain (loss) — (184 ) — — Amortization of prior service credit (cost) (279 ) (279 ) — — Total $ 31,513 $ (7,750 ) $ 2,259 $ (1,043 ) Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss as of December 27, 2019 and December 28, 2018 , that had not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost, were as follows (in thousands): Pension Benefits Postretirement Medical Benefits 2019 2018 2019 2018 Prior service cost (credit) $ 1,197 $ 1,465 $ — $ — Net loss 135,910 104,127 8,052 5,793 Net before income taxes 137,107 105,592 8,052 5,793 Income taxes (29,666 ) (23,221 ) (1,772 ) (1,275 ) Net $ 107,441 $ 82,371 $ 6,280 $ 4,518 Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss that are expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost in 2020 were as follows (in thousands): Pension Benefits Postretirement Medical Benefits Prior service cost (credit) $ 282 $ — Net loss (gain) 10,354 707 Net before income taxes 10,636 707 Income taxes (2,340 ) (156 ) Net $ 8,296 $ 551 Assumptions used to determine the Company’s benefit obligations are shown below: Pension Benefits Postretirement Medical Benefits Weighted average assumptions 2019 2018 2019 2018 U.S. Plans Discount rate 3.5 % 4.5 % 3.4 % 4.5 % Rate of compensation increase 2.8 % 2.8 % N/A N/A Non-U.S. Plans Discount rate 0.4 % 1.3 % N/A N/A Rate of compensation increase 1.3 % 1.4 % N/A N/A Assumptions used to determine the Company’s net periodic benefit cost are shown below: Pension Benefits Postretirement Medical Benefits Weighted average assumptions 2019 2018 2017 2019 2018 2017 U.S. Plans Discount rate 4.5 % 3.9 % 4.5 % 4.5 % 3.9 % 4.5 % Rate of compensation increase 2.8 % 2.8 % 2.8 % N/A N/A N/A Expected return on assets 7.0 % 7.1 % 7.0 % N/A N/A N/A Non-U.S. Plans Discount rate 1.3 % 1.0 % 0.9 % N/A N/A N/A Rate of compensation increase 1.4 % 0.9 % 1.0 % N/A N/A N/A Expected return on assets 2.0 % 2.0 % 2.0 % N/A N/A N/A Several sources of information are considered in determining the expected rate of return assumption, including the allocation of plan assets, the input of actuaries and professional investment advisers, and historical long-term returns. In setting the return assumption, the Company recognizes that historical returns are not always indicative of future returns and also considers the long-term nature of its pension obligations. The Company’s U.S. retirement medical plan limits the annual cost increase that will be paid by the Company to 3 percent . In measuring the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (APBO), the annual trend rate for health care costs was assumed to be 5.8 percent for 2020 , decreasing each year to a constant rate of 4.5 percent for 2038 and thereafter, subject to the plan’s annual increase limitation. At December 27, 2019 , a one percent change in assumed health care cost trend rates would no t have a significant impact on the service and interest cost components of net periodic postretirement health care benefit cost or the APBO for health care benefits. The Company expects to contribute $1.8 million to its unfunded pension plans and $1.7 million to the postretirement medical plan in 2020 . The Company expects to utilize available credits to satisfy any required contributions to the funded pension plans under minimum funding requirements for 2020 . Estimated future benefit payments are as follows (in thousands): Pension Benefits Postretirement Medical Benefits 2020 $ 15,337 $ 1,656 2021 16,520 1,707 2022 17,917 1,731 2023 19,173 1,727 2024 21,281 1,703 Years 2025-2029 115,303 8,357 |