Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) Documents filed as a part of this report:
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(1) | Consolidated Financial Statements. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules elsewhere herein. |
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(2) | Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statement and Schedules elsewhere herein. |
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(3) | Exhibits. See Exhibit Index elsewhere herein. |
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholder of
Hartford Life Insurance Company
Hartford, Connecticut
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Hartford Life Insurance Company and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012. Our audits also included the consolidated financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 9.01. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall consolidated financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Hartford Life Insurance Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such consolidated financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the accompanying consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect discontinued operations and for the retrospective adoption of a change in disclosure of offsetting assets and liabilities.
DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Hartford, Connecticut
March 13, 2013 (September 13, 2013 as to the retrospective presentation of discontinued operations discussed in Note 1 and Note 18, and the retrospective adoption of a change in disclosure of offsetting assets and liabilities discussed in Note 1 and Note 4)
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| For the years ended December 31, |
(In millions) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 |
Revenues | | | |
Fee income and other | $ | 2,956 |
| $ | 3,183 |
| $ | 3,175 |
|
Earned premiums | 93 |
| 244 |
| 262 |
|
Net investment income (loss): | | | |
Securities available-for-sale and other | 2,535 |
| 2,572 |
| 2,612 |
|
Equity securities, trading | 1 |
| — |
| — |
|
Total net investment income | 2,536 |
| 2,572 |
| 2,612 |
|
Net realized capital gains (losses): | | | |
Total other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) losses | (293 | ) | (196 | ) | (712 | ) |
OTTI losses recognized in other comprehensive income | 38 |
| 71 |
| 376 |
|
Net OTTI losses recognized in earnings | (255 | ) | (125 | ) | (336 | ) |
Net realized capital gains (losses), excluding net OTTI losses recognized in earnings | (1,226 | ) | 48 |
| (577 | ) |
Total net realized capital losses | (1,481 | ) | (77 | ) | (913 | ) |
Total revenues | 4,104 |
| 5,922 |
| 5,136 |
|
Benefits, losses and expenses | | | |
Benefits, loss and loss adjustment expenses | 2,900 |
| 3,108 |
| 2,941 |
|
Benefits, loss and loss adjustment expenses – returns credited on international unit-linked bonds and pension products | — |
| — |
| — |
|
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and present value of future profits | 324 |
| 427 |
| 110 |
|
Insurance operating costs and other expenses | 268 |
| 2,507 |
| 1,352 |
|
Reinsurance loss on disposition (including goodwill impairment of $61) | 61 |
| — |
| — |
|
Dividends to policyholders | 20 |
| 17 |
| 21 |
|
Total benefits, losses and expenses | 3,573 |
| 6,059 |
| 4,424 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | 531 |
| (137 | ) | 712 |
|
Income tax expense (benefit) | 36 |
| (323 | ) | 137 |
|
Income from continuing operations, net of tax | 495 |
| 186 |
| 575 |
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | 61 |
| 58 |
| 132 |
|
Net income | 556 |
| 244 |
| 707 |
|
Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest | 2 |
| — |
| 8 |
|
Net income attributable to Hartford Life Insurance Company | $ | 554 |
| $ | 244 |
| $ | 699 |
|
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
|
(In millions) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 |
| |
Comprehensive Income | | | |
Net income | $ | 556 |
| $ | 244 |
| $ | 707 |
|
Other comprehensive income (loss): | | | |
Change in net unrealized gain/loss on securities [1] [2] | 1,120 |
| 1,174 |
| 1,473 |
|
Change in net gain/loss on cash-flow hedging instruments [1] | (110 | ) | 103 |
| 117 |
|
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments [1] | 24 |
| (2 | ) | (17 | ) |
Total other comprehensive income | 1,034 |
| 1,275 |
| 1,573 |
|
Total comprehensive income | 1,590 |
| 1,519 |
| 2,280 |
|
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest | 2 |
| — |
| 8 |
|
Total comprehensive income attributable to Hartford Life Insurance Company | $ | 1,588 |
| $ | 1,519 |
| $ | 2,272 |
|
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[1] | Net change in unrealized capital gain on securities is reflected net of tax benefit and other items of $1,001, $636 and $(793) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Net gain (loss) on cash flow hedging instruments is net of tax provision (benefit) of $59, $(55) and $(63) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. There is no tax effect on cumulative translation adjustments. |
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[2] | There were reclassification adjustments for after-tax gains (losses) realized in net income of $(1), $52 and $(121) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
|
| | | | | | |
| As of December 31, |
(In millions, except for share data) | 2012 | 2011 |
Assets | | |
Investments: | | |
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $45,753 and $46,236) (includes variable interest entity assets, at fair value, of $89 and $153) | $ | 49,404 |
| $ | 47,778 |
|
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option (includes variable interest entity assets, at fair value, of $132 and $338) | 1,010 |
| 1,317 |
|
Equity securities, trading, at fair value (cost of $1,614 and $1,860) | 1,847 |
| 1,967 |
|
Equity securities, available for sale, at fair value (cost of $408 and $443) | 400 |
| 398 |
|
Mortgage loans (net of allowances for loan losses of $14 and $23) | 4,935 |
| 4,182 |
|
Policy loans, at outstanding balance | 1,951 |
| 1,952 |
|
Limited partnership and other alternative investments (includes variable interest entity assets of $6 and $7) | 1,372 |
| 1,376 |
|
Other investments | 582 |
| 1,974 |
|
Short-term investments | 2,354 |
| 3,882 |
|
Total investments | 63,855 |
| 64,826 |
|
Cash | 1,342 |
| 1,183 |
|
Premiums receivable and agents’ balances | 58 |
| 64 |
|
Reinsurance recoverables | 2,893 |
| 5,006 |
|
Deferred policy acquisition costs and present value of future profits | 3,072 |
| 3,448 |
|
Deferred income taxes, net | 1,557 |
| 2,006 |
|
Goodwill | 250 |
| 470 |
|
Other assets | 1,306 |
| 925 |
|
Separate account assets | 141,558 |
| 143,859 |
|
Total assets | $ | 215,891 |
| $ | 221,787 |
|
Liabilities | | |
Reserve for future policy benefits and unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses | $ | 11,916 |
| $ | 11,831 |
|
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable | 40,501 |
| 45,016 |
|
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable – international unit-linked bonds and pension products | 1,837 |
| 1,929 |
|
Consumer notes | 161 |
| 314 |
|
Other liabilities (includes variable interest entity liabilities of $111 and $477 ) | 9,535 |
| 9,927 |
|
Separate account liabilities | 141,558 |
| 143,859 |
|
Total liabilities | 205,508 |
| 212,876 |
|
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 10) |
|
|
|
|
Stockholder’s Equity | | |
Common stock — 1,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding, par value $5,690 | 6 |
| 6 |
|
Additional paid-in capital | 8,155 |
| 8,271 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax | 1,987 |
| 953 |
|
Retained earnings (deficit) | 235 |
| (319 | ) |
Total stockholder’s equity | 10,383 |
| 8,911 |
|
Total liabilities and stockholder’s equity | $ | 215,891 |
| $ | 221,787 |
|
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(In millions) | Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Retained Earnings (Deficit) | Non- Controlling Interest | Total Stockholder’s Equity |
Balance, December 31, 2011 | $ | 6 |
| $ | 8,271 |
| $ | 953 |
| $ | (319 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | 8,911 |
|
Capital contributions (to) from parent | — |
| (116 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| (116 | ) |
Dividends declared | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
|
Net income | — |
| — |
| — |
| 554 |
| 2 |
| 556 |
|
Change in noncontrolling interest ownership | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (2 | ) | (2 | ) |
Total other comprehensive income | — |
| — |
| 1,034 |
| — |
| — |
| 1,034 |
|
Balance, December 31, 2012 | $ | 6 |
| $ | 8,155 |
| $ | 1,987 |
| $ | 235 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 10,383 |
|
Balance, December 31, 2010 | $ | 6 |
| $ | 8,265 |
| $ | (322 | ) | $ | (562 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | 7,387 |
|
Capital contributions from parent | — |
| 6 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 6 |
|
Dividends declared | — |
| — |
| — |
| (1 | ) | — |
| (1 | ) |
Net income | — |
| — |
| — |
| 244 |
| — |
| 244 |
|
Total other comprehensive income | — |
| — |
| 1,275 |
| — |
| — |
| 1,275 |
|
Balance, December 31, 2011 | $ | 6 |
| $ | 8,271 |
| $ | 953 |
| $ | (319 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | 8,911 |
|
Balance, December 31, 2009 | $ | 6 |
| $ | 8,457 |
| $ | (2,070 | ) | $ | (1,113 | ) | $ | 61 |
| $ | 5,341 |
|
Capital contributions (to) from parent | — |
| (192 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| (192 | ) |
Dividends declared | — |
| — |
| — |
| 1 |
| — |
| 1 |
|
Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of DAC and tax | — |
| — |
| 175 |
| (149 | ) | — |
| 26 |
|
Change in noncontrolling interest ownership | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (69 | ) | (69 | ) |
Net income | — |
| — |
| — |
| 699 |
| 8 |
| 707 |
|
Total other comprehensive income | — |
| — |
| 1,573 |
| — |
| — |
| 1,573 |
|
Balance, December 31, 2010 | $ | 6 |
| $ | 8,265 |
| $ | (322 | ) | $ | (562 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | 7,387 |
|
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| For the years ended December 31, |
(In millions) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 |
Operating Activities | | | |
Net income (loss) | $ | 556 |
| $ | 244 |
| $ | 707 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income(loss) to net cash provided by operating activities | | | |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and present value of future profits | 359 |
| 474 |
| 178 |
|
Additions to deferred policy acquisition costs and present value of future profits | (329 | ) | (381 | ) | (381 | ) |
Change in: | | | |
Reserve for future policy benefits and unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses | (44 | ) | 252 |
| 13 |
|
Reinsurance recoverables | (47 | ) | 57 |
| 26 |
|
Receivables and other assets | 158 |
| 9 |
| (112 | ) |
Payables and accruals | (1,035 | ) | 2,402 |
| 295 |
|
Accrued and deferred income taxes | 392 |
| (125 | ) | (131 | ) |
Net realized capital losses | 1,413 |
| 1 |
| 882 |
|
Net receipts (disbursements) from investment contracts related to policyholder funds – international unit-linked bonds and pension products | (92 | ) | (323 | ) | (167 | ) |
Net (increase) decrease in equity securities, trading | 120 |
| 312 |
| 164 |
|
Goodwill Impairment | 149 |
| — |
| — |
|
Depreciation and amortization | 164 |
| 194 |
| 207 |
|
Reinsurance loss on disposition, including goodwill impairment of $61 | 61 |
| — |
| — |
|
Other, net | 202 |
| (108 | ) | 201 |
|
Net cash provided by operating activities | 2,027 |
| 3,008 |
| 1,882 |
|
Investing Activities | | | |
Proceeds from the sale/maturity/prepayment of: | | | |
Fixed maturities and short-term investments, available-for-sale | 25,163 |
| 19,203 |
| 28,581 |
|
Fixed maturities, fair value option | 283 |
| 37 |
| 20 |
|
Equity securities, available-for-sale | 133 |
| 147 |
| 171 |
|
Mortgage loans | 306 |
| 332 |
| 1,288 |
|
Partnerships | 110 |
| 128 |
| 151 |
|
Payments for the purchase of: | | | |
Fixed maturities and short-term investments, available-for-sale | (23,949 | ) | (20,517 | ) | (28,871 | ) |
Fixed maturities, fair value option | (182 | ) | (661 | ) | (74 | ) |
Equity securities, available-for-sale | (97 | ) | (230 | ) | (122 | ) |
Mortgage loans | (1,056 | ) | (1,246 | ) | (189 | ) |
Partnerships | (417 | ) | (436 | ) | (172 | ) |
Proceeds from business sold | 58 |
| — |
| 241 |
|
Change in derivatives, net | (2,275 | ) | 938 |
| (644 | ) |
Change in policy loans, net | 1 |
| 176 |
| (8 | ) |
Change in payables for collateral under securities lending, net | — |
| — |
| (46 | ) |
Change in all other, net | — |
| 1 |
| (117 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (1,922 | ) | (2,128 | ) | 209 |
|
Financing Activities | | | |
Deposits and other additions to investment and universal life-type contracts | 10,004 |
| 12,124 |
| 15,405 |
|
Withdrawals and other deductions from investment and universal life-type contracts | (24,608 | ) | (22,720 | ) | (25,030 | ) |
Net transfers from (to) separate accounts related to investment and universal life-type contracts | 13,196 |
| 10,439 |
| 8,211 |
|
Net increase in securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase | 1,615 |
| — |
| — |
|
Capital contributions (to) from parent | — |
| — |
| (195 | ) |
Net repayments at maturity or settlement of consumer notes | (153 | ) | (68 | ) | (754 | ) |
Net cash used for financing activities | 54 |
| (225 | ) | (2,363 | ) |
Foreign exchange rate effect on cash | — |
| (3 | ) | 10 |
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash | 159 |
| 652 |
| (262 | ) |
Cash — beginning of year | 1,183 |
| 531 |
| 793 |
|
Cash — end of year | $ | 1,342 |
| $ | 1,183 |
| $ | 531 |
|
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: | | | |
Net cash paid (received) during the year for income taxes | (395 | ) | (105 | ) | 354 |
|
Noncash return of capital | (126 | ) | — |
| — |
|
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing Activity | | | |
Conversion of fixed maturities, available-for-sale to equity securities, available-for-sale | 43 |
| — |
| — |
|
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
Hartford Life Insurance Company (together with its subsidiaries, “HLIC”, “Company”, “we” or “our”) is a provider of insurance and investment products in the United States (“U.S.”) and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hartford Life and Accident Insurance Company (“HLA”). Hartford Life, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("HLI") is the parent of HLA. The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. (“The Hartford”) is the ultimate parent of the Company.
On June 27, 2013, The Hartford announced the signing of a definitive agreement to sell Hartford Life International, Ltd. ("HLIL"), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, to Columbia Insurance Company, a Berkshire Hathaway company. For further discussion of this transaction, see Note 2 - Business Dispositions of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. As a result of this announcement, the operations of the Company's U.K. variable annuity business meet the criteria for reporting as discontinued operations as further discussed in Note 18 - Discontinued Operations of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
On January 1, 2013, HLI completed the sale of its Retirement Plans business to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company ("MassMutual") and on January 2, 2013 HLI completed the sale of its Individual Life insurance business to The Prudential Insurance Company of America, a subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc. ("Prudential"). For further discussion of these and other such transactions, see Note 2 - Business Dispositions of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
On December 10, 2012, HLA received regulatory approval to reorganize its Mutual Funds business for the purpose of streamlining the business by consolidating the entities that provide services to the Mutual Funds business under Hartford Funds Management Group, Inc., also a subsidiary of HLI, thereby separating its Mutual Funds business from its insurance business. The Company effected the reorganization by distributing certain Mutual Funds subsidiaries to HLA in the form of a return of capital effective December 31, 2012. The reorganization was accounted for by the Company as a transfer of net assets at book value between entities under common control.
In connection with the reorganization of the Mutual Funds business, investment advisory agreements between the Company's Mutual Funds subsidiaries and HL Investment Advisors, LLC, an indirect subsidiary of the Company, were terminated effective December 31, 2012. Following the reorganization, Hartford Funds Management Company, LLC, an indirect subsidiary of HLI, will replace HL Investment Advisors, LLC as the investment advisor for The Hartford's mutual funds. The Mutual Funds reporting segment contributed less than 10% of the net income attributable to HLIC for the year ended December 31, 2012. The carrying value of the subsidiaries distributed was $203 and $116 as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. For further discussion of the reorganization of the Mutual Funds business, see Note 7 - Goodwill and Note 18 - Discontinued Operations of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), which differ materially from the accounting practices prescribed by various insurance regulatory authorities.
On January 1, 2012, the Company retrospectively adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2010-26, Financial Services – Insurance (Topic 944): Accounting for Costs Associated with Acquiring or Renewing Insurance Contracts which clarifies the definition of policy acquisition costs that are eligible for deferral. As a result of this accounting change, stockholder’s equity as of January 1, 2010, decreased by approximately $1.0 billion, after-tax from $6.3 billion to $5.3 billion due to a reduction of the Company’s deferred acquisition cost asset balance related to certain costs that do not meet the provisions of the revised standard.
Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of HLIC, companies in which the Company directly or indirectly has a controlling financial interest and those variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which the Company is required to consolidate. Entities in which HLIC has significant influence over the operating and financing decisions but are not required to consolidate are reported using the equity method. For further discussions on VIEs, see Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Material intercompany transactions and balances between HLIC and its subsidiaries have been eliminated.
Discontinued Operations
The results of operations of a component of the Company that either has been disposed of or is classified as held-for-sale are reported in discontinued operations if the operations and cash flows of the component have been or will be eliminated from the ongoing operations of the Company as a result of the disposal transaction and the Company will not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations of the component after the disposal transaction.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (continued)
The Company is presenting the operations of certain businesses that meet the criteria for reporting as discontinued operations. Amounts for prior periods have been retrospectively reclassified. For information on the specific businesses and related impacts, see Note 18 - Discontinued Operations of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with U.S. GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The most significant estimates include those used in determining estimated gross profits used in the valuation and amortization of assets and liabilities associated with variable annuity and other universal life-type contracts; evaluation of other-than-temporary impairments on available-for-sale securities and valuation allowances on investments; living benefits required to be fair valued; goodwill impairment; valuation of investments and derivative instruments; valuation allowance on deferred tax assets; and contingencies relating to corporate litigation and regulatory matters (see Note 10). The related accounting policies are summarized in the Significant Accounting Policies section of this footnote unless indicated otherwise herein. Certain of these estimates are particularly sensitive to market conditions, and deterioration and/or volatility in the worldwide debt or equity markets could have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Adoption of Accounting Standard
On January 1, 2013, the Company retrospectively adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2011-11, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures About Offsetting Assets and Liabilities and No. 2013-01, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. These accounting standards provide and clarify the disclosure requirements related to derivative instruments, including bifurcated embedded derivatives, repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending transactions that are offset in the balance sheet or that are subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement irrespective of whether they are offset in the balance sheet. For further discussion, see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year financial information to conform to the current year presentation.
Significant Accounting Policies
The Company’s significant accounting policies are as follows:
Segment Information
The Company currently conducts business in a single reporting segment comprised of business from the Company's U.S. annuity, international annuity, and institutional and private-placement life insurance businesses, as well as the Retirement Plans and Individual Life businesses that were sold in January 2013. In addition, the Company no longer has a Mutual Funds reporting segment following the reorganization of its Mutual Funds business effective December 31, 2012. For further discussion of the Retirement Plans and Individual Life transactions, see Note 2 - Business Dispositions of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. For further discussion of the reorganization of the Mutual Funds business, see the Basis of Presentation section of this footnote. The Company's determination that it operates in a single reporting segment is based on the fact that the Company's chief operating decision maker reviews the Company's financial performance at a consolidated level.
Revenue Recognition
For investment and universal life-type contracts, the amounts collected from policyholders are considered deposits and are not included in revenue. Fee income for universal life-type contracts consists of policy charges for policy administration, cost of insurance charges and surrender charges assessed against policyholders’ account balances and are recognized in the period in which services are provided. For the Company’s traditional life and group disability products premiums are recognized as revenue when due from policyholders.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (continued)
Income Taxes
The Company recognizes taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred taxes for the tax consequences of differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years the temporary differences are expected to reverse.
The Company is included in The Hartford’s consolidated Federal income tax return. The Company and The Hartford have entered into a tax sharing agreement under which each member in the consolidated U.S. Federal income tax return will make payments between them such that, with respect to any period, the amount of taxes to be paid by the Company, subject to certain tax adjustments, is consistent with the “parent down” approach. Under this approach, the Company’s deferred tax assets and tax attributes are considered realized by it so long as the group is able to recognize (or currently use) the related deferred tax asset or attribute. Thus the need for a valuation allowance is determined at the consolidated return level rather than at the level of the individual entities comprising the consolidated group.
Dividends to Policyholders
Policyholder dividends are paid to certain life insurance policyholders. Policies that receive dividends are referred to as participating policies. Such dividends are accrued using an estimate of the amount to be paid based on underlying contractual obligations under policies and applicable state laws.
Participating policies were 5%, 2% and 3% of the total life insurance policies as of December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. Dividends to policyholders were $20, $17 and $21 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. There were no additional amounts of income allocated to participating policyholders. If limitations exist on the amount of net income from participating life insurance contracts that may be distributed to stockholder’s, the policyholder’s share of net income on those contracts that cannot be distributed is excluded from stockholder’s equity by a charge to operations and a credit to a liability.
Fair Value
The following financial instruments are carried at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements: fixed maturity and equity securities, available-for-sale (“AFS”), fixed maturities at fair value using fair value option (“FVO”); equity securities, trading; short-term investments; freestanding and embedded derivatives; limited partnerships and other alternative investments measured at fair value; separate account assets; and certain other liabilities.
Investments
Overview
The Company’s investments in fixed maturities include bonds, redeemable preferred stock and commercial paper. These investments, along with certain equity securities, which include common and non-redeemable preferred stocks, are classified as AFS and are carried at fair value. The after-tax difference from cost or amortized cost is reflected in stockholders’ equity as a component of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (“OCI”), after adjustments for the effect of deducting the life and pension policyholders’ share of the immediate participation guaranteed contracts and certain life and annuity deferred policy acquisition costs and reserve adjustments. Fixed maturities for which the Company elected the fair value option are classified as FVO and are carried at fair value. The equity investments associated with the variable annuity products offered in Japan are recorded at fair value and are classified as trading with changes in fair value recorded in net investment income. Policy loans are carried at outstanding balance. Mortgage loans are recorded at the outstanding principal balance adjusted for amortization of premiums or discounts and net of valuation allowances. Short-term investments are carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. Limited partnerships and other alternative investments are reported at their carrying value with the change in carrying value primarily accounted for under the equity method and accordingly the Company’s share of earnings are included in net investment income. In addition, investment fund accounting is applied to a wholly-owned fund of funds. Recognition of limited partnerships and other alternative investment income is delayed due to the availability of the related financial information, as private equity and other funds are generally on a three-month delay and hedge funds are on a one-month delay. Accordingly, income for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 may not include the full impact of current year changes in valuation of the underlying assets and liabilities, which are generally obtained from the limited partnerships and other alternative investments’ general partners. Other investments primarily consist of derivatives instruments which are carried at fair value.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (continued)
Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments
The Company deems debt securities and certain equity securities with debt-like characteristics (collectively “debt securities”) to be other-than-temporarily impaired (“impaired”) if a security meets the following conditions: a) the Company intends to sell or it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the security before a recovery in value, or b) the Company does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. If the Company intends to sell or it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the security before a recovery in value, a charge is recorded in net realized capital losses equal to the difference between the fair value and amortized cost basis of the security. For those impaired debt securities which do not meet the first condition and for which the Company does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis, the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and the fair value is separated into the portion representing a credit other-than-temporary impairment (“impairment”), which is recorded in net realized capital losses, and the remaining impairment, which is recorded in OCI. Generally, the Company determines a security’s credit impairment as the difference between its amortized cost basis and its best estimate of expected future cash flows discounted at the security’s effective yield prior to impairment. The remaining non-credit impairment, which is recorded in OCI, is the difference between the security’s fair value and the Company’s best estimate of expected future cash flows discounted at the security’s effective yield prior to the impairment, which typically represents current market liquidity and risk premiums. The previous amortized cost basis less the impairment recognized in net realized capital losses becomes the security’s new cost basis. The Company accretes the new cost basis to the estimated future cash flows over the expected remaining life of the security by prospectively adjusting the security’s yield, if necessary.
The Company’s evaluation of whether a credit impairment exists for debt securities includes but is not limited to, the following factors: (a) changes in the financial condition of the security’s underlying collateral, (b) whether the issuer is current on contractually obligated interest and principal payments, (c) changes in the financial condition, credit rating and near-term prospects of the issuer, (d) the extent to which the fair value has been less than the amortized cost of the security and (e) the payment structure of the security. The Company’s best estimate of expected future cash flows used to determine the credit loss amount is a quantitative and qualitative process that incorporates information received from third-party sources along with certain internal assumptions and judgments regarding the future performance of the security. The Company’s best estimate of future cash flows involves assumptions including, but not limited to, various performance indicators, such as historical and projected default and recovery rates, credit ratings, current and projected delinquency rates, and loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios. In addition, for structured securities, the Company considers factors including, but not limited to, average cumulative collateral loss rates that vary by vintage year, commercial and residential property value declines that vary by property type and location and commercial real estate delinquency levels.
These assumptions require the use of significant management judgment and include the probability of issuer default and estimates regarding timing and amount of expected recoveries which may include estimating the underlying collateral value. In addition, projections of expected future debt security cash flows may change based upon new information regarding the performance of the issuer and/or underlying collateral such as changes in the projections of the underlying property value estimates.
For equity securities where the decline in the fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary, a charge is recorded in net realized capital losses equal to the difference between the fair value and cost basis of the security. The previous cost basis less the impairment becomes the security’s new cost basis. The Company asserts its intent and ability to retain those equity securities deemed to be temporarily impaired until the price recovers. Once identified, these securities are systematically restricted from trading unless approved by a committee of investment and accounting professionals (“Committee”). The Committee will only authorize the sale of these securities based on predefined criteria that relate to events that could not have been reasonably foreseen. Examples of the criteria include, but are not limited to, the deterioration in the issuer’s financial condition, security price declines, a change in regulatory requirements or a major business combination or major disposition.
The primary factors considered in evaluating whether an impairment exists for an equity security include, but are not limited to: (a) the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than the cost of the security, (b) changes in the financial condition, credit rating and near-term prospects of the issuer, (c) whether the issuer is current on preferred stock dividends and (d) the intent and ability of the Company to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery.
Mortgage Loan Valuation Allowances
The Company’s security monitoring process reviews mortgage loans on a quarterly basis to identify potential credit losses. Commercial mortgage loans are considered to be impaired when management estimates that, based upon current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Criteria used to determine if an impairment exists include, but are not limited to: current and projected macroeconomic factors, such as unemployment rates, and property-specific factors such as rental rates, occupancy levels, LTV ratios and debt service coverage ratios (“DSCR”). In addition, the Company considers historic, current and projected delinquency rates and property values. These assumptions require the use of significant management judgment and include the probability and timing of borrower default and loss severity estimates. In addition, projections of expected future cash flows may change based upon new information regarding the performance of the borrower and/or underlying collateral such as changes in the projections of the underlying property value estimates.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (continued)
For mortgage loans that are deemed impaired, a valuation allowance is established for the difference between the carrying amount and the Company’s share of either (a) the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, (b) the loan’s observable market price or, most frequently, (c) the fair value of the collateral. A valuation allowance has been established for either individual loans or as a projected loss contingency for loans with an LTV ratio of 90% or greater and consideration of other credit quality factors, including DSCR. Changes in valuation allowances are recorded in net realized capital gains and losses. Interest income on impaired loans is accrued to the extent it is deemed collectible and the loans continue to perform under the original or restructured terms. Interest income ceases to accrue for loans when it is probable that the Company will not receive interest and principal payments according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, or if a loan is more than 60 days past due. Loans may resume accrual status when it is determined that sufficient collateral exists to satisfy the full amount of the loan and interest payments, as well as when it is probable cash will be received in the foreseeable future. Interest income on defaulted loans is recognized when received.
Net Realized Capital Gains and Losses
Net realized capital gains and losses from investment sales, after deducting the life and pension policyholders’ share for certain products, are reported as a component of revenues and are determined on a specific identification basis, as well as changes in value associated with fixed maturities for which the fair value option was elected. Net realized capital gains and losses also result from fair value changes in derivatives contracts (both free-standing and embedded) that do not qualify, or are not designated, as a hedge for accounting purposes, ineffectiveness on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting treatment, and the change in value of derivatives in certain fair-value hedge relationships and their associated hedged asset. Impairments and mortgage loan valuation allowances are recognized as net realized capital losses in accordance with the Company’s policies previously discussed. Foreign currency transaction remeasurements are also included in net realized capital gains and losses.
Net Investment Income
Interest income from fixed maturities and mortgage loans is recognized when earned on the constant effective yield method based on estimated timing of cash flows. The amortization of premium and accretion of discount for fixed maturities also takes into consideration call and maturity dates that produce the lowest yield. For securitized financial assets subject to prepayment risk, yields are recalculated and adjusted periodically to reflect historical and/or estimated future repayments using the retrospective method; however, if these investments are impaired, any yield adjustments are made using the prospective method. Prepayment fees on fixed maturities and mortgage loans are recorded in net investment income when earned. Limited partnerships and other alternative investments primarily use the equity method of accounting to recognize the Company’s share of earnings, as well as investment fund accounting applied to a wholly-owned fund of funds. For impaired debt securities, the Company accretes the new cost basis to the estimated future cash flows over the expected remaining life of the security by prospectively adjusting the security’s yield, if necessary. The Company’s non-income producing investments were not material for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.
Net investment income on equity securities, trading, includes dividend income and the changes in market value of the securities associated with the variable annuity products sold in Japan and the United Kingdom. The returns on these policyholder-directed investments inure to the benefit of the variable annuity policyholders but the underlying funds do not meet the criteria for separate account reporting. Accordingly, these assets are reflected in the Company’s general account and the returns credited to the policyholders are reflected in interest credited, a component of benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses.
Derivative Instruments
Overview
The Company utilizes a variety of derivative instruments, including swaps, caps, floors, forwards, futures and options through one of four Company-approved objectives: to hedge risk arising from interest rate, equity market, credit spread and issuer default, price or currency exchange rate risk or volatility; to manage liquidity; to control transaction costs; or to enter into replication transactions.
Interest rate, volatility, dividend, credit default and index swaps involve the periodic exchange of cash flows with other parties, at specified intervals, calculated using agreed upon rates or other financial variables and notional principal amounts. Generally, no cash or principal payments are exchanged at the inception of the contract. Typically, at the time a swap is entered into, the cash flow streams exchanged by the counterparties are equal in value.
Interest rate cap and floor contracts entitle the purchaser to receive from the issuer at specified dates, the amount, if any, by which a specified market rate exceeds the cap strike interest rate or falls below the floor strike interest rate, applied to a notional principal amount. A premium payment is made by the purchaser of the contract at its inception and no principal payments are exchanged.
Forward contracts are customized commitments that specify a rate of interest or currency exchange rate to be paid or received on an obligation beginning on a future start date and are typically settled in cash.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (continued)
Financial futures are standardized commitments to either purchase or sell designated financial instruments, at a future date, for a specified price and may be settled in cash or through delivery of the underlying instrument. Futures contracts trade on organized exchanges. Margin requirements for futures are met by pledging securities or cash, and changes in the futures’ contract values are settled daily in cash.
Option contracts grant the purchaser, for a premium payment, the right to either purchase from or sell to the issuer a financial instrument at a specified price, within a specified period or on a stated date.
Foreign currency swaps exchange an initial principal amount in two currencies, agreeing to re-exchange the currencies at a future date, at an agreed upon exchange rate. There may also be a periodic exchange of payments at specified intervals calculated using the agreed upon rates and exchanged principal amounts.
The Company’s derivative transactions are used in strategies permitted under the derivative use plans required by the State of Connecticut, the State of Illinois and the State of New York insurance departments.
Accounting and Financial Statement Presentation of Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Derivative instruments are recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. For balance sheet presentation purposes, the Company offsets the fair value amounts, income accruals, and cash collateral, related to derivative instruments executed in a legal entity and with the same counterparty under a master netting agreement, which provides the Company with the legal right of offset.
On the date the derivative contract is entered into, the Company designates the derivative as (1) a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability (“fair value” hedge), (2) a hedge of the variability in cash flows of a forecasted transaction or of amounts to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow” hedge), (3) a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation (“net investment” hedge) or (4) held for other investment and/or risk management purposes, which primarily involve managing asset or liability related risks and do not qualify for hedge accounting.
Fair Value Hedges
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a fair value hedge, including foreign-currency fair value hedges, along with the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in current period earnings with any differences between the net change in fair value of the derivative and the hedged item representing the hedge ineffectiveness. Periodic cash flows and accruals of income/expense (“periodic derivative net coupon settlements”) are recorded in the line item of the consolidated statements of operations in which the cash flows of the hedged item are recorded.
Cash Flow Hedges
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge, including foreign-currency cash flow hedges, are recorded in AOCI and are reclassified into earnings when the variability of the cash flow of the hedged item impacts earnings. Gains and losses on derivative contracts that are reclassified from AOCI to current period earnings are included in the line item in the consolidated statements of operations in which the cash flows of the hedged item are recorded. Any hedge ineffectiveness is recorded immediately in current period earnings as net realized capital gains and losses. Periodic derivative net coupon settlements are recorded in the line item of the consolidated statements of operations in which the cash flows of the hedged item are recorded.
Net Investment in a Foreign Operation Hedges
Changes in fair value of a derivative used as a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation, to the extent effective as a hedge, are recorded in the foreign currency translation adjustments account within AOCI. Cumulative changes in fair value recorded in AOCI are reclassified into earnings upon the sale or complete, or substantially complete, liquidation of the foreign entity. Any hedge ineffectiveness is recorded immediately in current period earnings as net realized capital gains and losses. Periodic derivative net coupon settlements are recorded in the line item of the consolidated statements of operations in which the cash flows of the hedged item are recorded.
Other Investment and/or Risk Management Activities
The Company’s other investment and/or risk management activities primarily relate to strategies used to reduce economic risk or replicate permitted investments and do not receive hedge accounting treatment. Changes in the fair value, including periodic derivative net coupon settlements, of derivative instruments held for other investment and/or risk management purposes are reported in current period earnings as net realized capital gains and losses.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (continued)
Hedge Documentation and Effectiveness Testing
To qualify for hedge accounting treatment, a derivative must be highly effective in mitigating the designated changes in fair value or cash flow of the hedged item. At hedge inception, the Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking each hedge transaction. The documentation process includes linking derivatives that are designated as fair value, cash flow, or net investment hedges to specific assets or liabilities on the balance sheet or to specific forecasted transactions and defining the effectiveness and ineffectiveness testing methods to be used. The Company also formally assesses both at the hedge’s inception and ongoing on a quarterly basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions have been and are expected to continue to be highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items. Hedge effectiveness is assessed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods may include comparison of critical terms of the derivative to the hedged item. Quantitative methods include regression or other statistical analysis of changes in fair value or cash flows associated with the hedge relationship. Hedge ineffectiveness of the hedge relationships are measured each reporting period using the “Change in Variable Cash Flows Method”, the “Change in Fair Value Method”, the “Hypothetical Derivative Method”, or the “Dollar Offset Method”.
Discontinuance of Hedge Accounting
The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when (1) it is determined that the derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of a hedged item; (2) the derivative is de-designated as a hedging instrument; or (3) the derivative expires or is sold, terminated or exercised.
When hedge accounting is discontinued because it is determined that the derivative no longer qualifies as an effective fair-value hedge, the derivative continues to be carried at fair value on the balance sheet with changes in its fair value recognized in current period earnings.
When hedge accounting is discontinued because the Company becomes aware that it is not probable that the forecasted transaction will occur, the derivative continues to be carried on the balance sheet at its fair value, and gains and losses that were accumulated in AOCI are recognized immediately in earnings.
In other situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued on a cash-flow hedge, including those where the derivative is sold, terminated or exercised, amounts previously deferred in AOCI are reclassified into earnings when earnings are impacted by the variability of the cash flow of the hedged item.
Embedded Derivatives
The Company purchases and issues financial instruments and products that contain embedded derivative instruments. When it is determined that (1) the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract, and (2) a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is bifurcated from the host for measurement purposes. The embedded derivative, which is reported with the host instrument in the consolidated balance sheets, is carried at fair value with changes in fair value reported in net realized capital gains and losses.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is measured as the amount owed to the Company based on current market conditions and potential payment obligations between the Company and its counterparties. For each legal entity of the Company, credit exposures are generally quantified daily based on the prior business day’s market value and collateral is pledged to and held by, or on behalf of, the Company to the extent the current value of derivatives exceeds the contractual thresholds for every counterparty. The maximum uncollateralized threshold for a derivative counterparty for a single legal entity is $10. The Company also minimizes the credit risk of derivative instruments by entering into transactions with high quality counterparties primarily rated A or better, which are monitored and evaluated by the Company’s risk management team and reviewed by senior management. In addition, the Company monitors counterparty credit exposure on a monthly basis to ensure compliance with Company policies and statutory limitations. The Company generally requires that derivative contracts, other than exchange traded contracts, certain forward contracts, and certain embedded and reinsurance derivatives, be governed by an International Swaps and Derivatives Association Master Agreement which is structured by legal entity and by counterparty and permits right of offset.
Cash
Cash represents cash on hand and demand deposits with banks or other financial institutions.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (continued)
Reinsurance
The Company cedes insurance to affiliated and unaffiliated insurers in order to limit its maximum losses and to diversify its exposures and provide statutory surplus relief. Such arrangements do not relieve the Company of its primary liability to policyholders. Failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. The Company also assumes reinsurance from other insurers and is a member of and participates in reinsurance pools and associations. Reinsurance accounting is followed for ceded and assumed transactions that provide indemnification against loss or liability relating to insurance risk (i.e. risk transfer). If the ceded transactions do not provide risk transfer, the Company accounts for these transactions as financing transactions.
Reinsurance accounting is followed for ceded and assumed transactions that provide indemnification against loss or liability relating to insurance risk (i.e. risk transfer). To meet risk transfer requirements, a reinsurance agreement must include insurance risk, consisting of underwriting, investment, and timing risk, and a reasonable possibility of a significant loss to the reinsurer. If the ceded and assumed transactions do not meet risk transfer requirements, the Company accounts for these transactions as financing transactions.
Premiums, benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses reflect the net effects of ceded and assumed reinsurance transactions. Included in other assets are prepaid reinsurance premiums, which represent the portion of premiums ceded to reinsurers applicable to the unexpired terms of the reinsurance agreements. Included in reinsurance recoverables are balances due from reinsurance companies for paid and unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses and are presented net of an allowance for uncollectible reinsurance.
The Company reinsures certain of its risks to other reinsurers under yearly renewable term, coinsurance, and modified coinsurance arrangements, and variations thereof. The cost of reinsurance related to long-duration contracts is accounted for over the life of the underlying reinsured policies using assumptions consistent with those used to account for the underlying policies.
The Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and concentrations of credit risk. Reinsurance is placed with reinsurers that meet strict financial criteria established by the Company. As of December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, there were no reinsurance-related concentrations of credit risk greater than 10% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity. As of December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, the Company’s policy for the largest amount retained on any one life by the Life Insurance segment was $10.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Present Value of Future Profits
Deferred policy acquisition costs represent costs that are directly related to the successful acquisition of new and renewal insurance contracts and incremental direct costs of contract acquisition that are incurred in transactions with either independent third parties or employees. The Company’s DAC asset, which includes the present value of future profits, is related to most universal life-type contracts (including variable annuities) and is amortized over the estimated life of the contracts acquired in proportion to the present value of estimated gross profits. EGPs are also used to amortize other assets and liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets such as, sales inducement assets and unearned revenue reserves. Components of EGPs are used to determine reserves for universal life type contracts (including variable annuities) with death or other insurance benefits such as guaranteed minimum death, guaranteed minimum income and universal life secondary guarantee benefits. These benefits are accounted for and collectively referred to as death and other insurance benefit reserves and are held in addition to the account value liability representing policyholder funds.
For most contracts, the Company estimates gross profits over 20 years as EGPs emerging subsequent to that timeframe are immaterial. Products sold in a particular year are aggregated into cohorts. Future gross profits for each cohort are projected over the estimated lives of the underlying contracts, based on future account value projections for variable annuity and variable universal life products. The projection of future account values requires the use of certain assumptions including: separate account returns; separate account fund mix; fees assessed against the contract holder’s account balance; surrender and lapse rates; interest margin; mortality; and the extent and duration of hedging activities and hedging costs.
The Company determines EGPs from a single deterministic reversion to mean separate account return projection which is an estimation technique commonly used by insurance entities to project future separate account returns. Through this estimation technique, the Company’s DAC model is adjusted to reflect actual account values at the end of each quarter. Through a consideration of recent market returns, the Company will unlock, or adjust, projected returns over a future period so that the account value returns to the long-term expected rate of return, providing that those projected returns do not exceed certain caps or floors. This Unlock for future separate account returns is determined each quarter.
In the third quarter of each year, the Company completes a comprehensive non-market related policyholder behavior assumption study and incorporates the results of those studies into its projection of future gross profits. Additionally, throughout the year, the Company evaluates various aspects of policyholder behavior and periodically revises its policyholder assumptions as credible emerging data indicates that changes are warranted. Upon completion of an assumption study or evaluation of credible new information, the Company will revise its assumptions to reflect its current best estimate. These assumption revisions will change the projected account values and the related EGPs in the DAC, SIA and URR amortization models, as well as, the death and other insurance benefit reserving models.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (continued)
All assumption changes that affect the estimate of future EGPs including the update of current account values, the use of the RTM estimation technique, and policyholder behavior assumptions are considered an Unlock in the period of revision. An Unlock adjusts the DAC, SIA, URR and death and other insurance benefit reserve balances in the Consolidated Balance Sheets with an offsetting benefit or charge in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period of the revision. An Unlock that results in an after-tax benefit generally occurs as a result of actual experience or future expectations of product profitability being favorable compared to previous estimates. An Unlock that results in an after-tax charge generally occurs as a result of actual experience or future expectations of product profitability being unfavorable compared to previous estimates.
An Unlock revises EGPs to reflect the Company’s current best estimate assumptions. The Company also tests the aggregate recoverability of DAC by comparing the existing DAC balance to the present value of future EGPs.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of costs over the fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change that would indicate that a triggering event for a potential impairment has occurred. During the fourth quarter of 2011, the Company changed the date of its annual impairment test for all reporting units to October 31st from January 1st. As a result, all reporting units performed an impairment test on October 31, 2011 in addition to the annual impairment test performed on January 1, 2011. The change was made to be consistent across all of the parent company’s reporting units and to more closely align the impairment testing date with the long-range planning and forecasting process. The Company determined that this change in accounting principle is preferable under the circumstances and does not result in any delay, acceleration or avoidance of impairment. As it was impracticable to objectively determine projected cash flows and related valuation estimates as of each October 31 for periods prior to October 31, 2011 without applying information that has been learned since those periods, the Company prospectively applied the change in the annual goodwill impairment testing date from October 31, 2011.
The goodwill impairment test follows a two-step process. In the first step, the fair value of a reporting unit is compared to its carrying value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the impairment test is performed for purposes of measuring the impairment. In the second step, the fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit to determine an implied goodwill value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied goodwill value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.
Management’s determination of the fair value of each reporting unit incorporates multiple inputs into discounted cash flow calculations, including assumptions that market participants would make in valuing the reporting unit. Assumptions include levels of economic capital, future business growth, earnings projections, assets under management for certain reporting units, and the weighted average cost of capital used for purposes of discounting. Decreases in the amount of economic capital allocated to a reporting unit, decreases in business growth, decreases in earnings projections and increases in the weighted average cost of capital will all cause a reporting unit’s fair value to decrease.
Separate Accounts, Death Benefits and Other Insurance Benefit Features
The Company records the variable portion of individual variable annuities, 401(k), institutional, 403(b)/457, private placement life and variable life insurance products within separate accounts. Separate account assets are reported at fair value and separate account liabilities are reported at amounts consistent with separate account assets. Investment income and gains and losses from those separate account assets accrue directly to the policyholder, who assumes the related investment risk, and are offset by the related liability changes reported in the same line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company earns fees for investment management, certain administrative expenses, and mortality and expense risks assumed which are reported in fee income.
Certain contracts classified as universal life-type include death and other insurance benefit features including GMDB offered with variable annuity contracts, or secondary guarantee benefits offered with universal life (“UL”) insurance contracts. GMDBs have been written in various forms as described in this note. UL secondary guarantee benefits ensure that the policy will not terminate, and will continue to provide a death benefit, even if there is insufficient policy value to cover the monthly deductions and charges. These death and other insurance benefit features require an additional liability be held above the account value liability representing the policyholders’ funds. This liability is reported in reserve for future policy benefits in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the death and other insurance benefit reserves are recorded in benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Consistent with the Company’s policy on DAC Unlock, the Company regularly evaluates estimates used and adjusts the additional liability balance, with a related charge or credit to benefits, losses and loss adjustment expense. For further information on the DAC Unlock, see Note 6 - Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Present Value of Future Benefits.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (continued)
The Company reinsures the GMDBs associated with its in-force block of business. The Company also assumes, through reinsurance, minimum death, income, withdrawal and accumulation benefits offered by an affiliate. The death and other insurance benefit liability is determined by estimating the expected present value of the benefits in excess of the policyholder’s expected account value in proportion to the present value of total expected assessments. The additional death and other insurance benefits and net reinsurance costs are recognized ratably over the accumulation period based on total expected assessments.
Reserve for Future Policy Benefits and Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment
Liabilities for the Company’s group life and disability contracts as well its individual term life insurance policies include amounts for unpaid losses and future policy benefits. Liabilities for unpaid losses include estimates of amounts to fully settle known reported claims as well as claims related to insured events that the Company estimates have been incurred but have not yet been reported. Liabilities for future policy benefits are calculated by the net level premium method using interest, withdrawal and mortality assumptions appropriate at the time the policies were issued. The methods used in determining the liability for unpaid losses and future policy benefits are standard actuarial methods recognized by the American Academy of Actuaries. For the tabular reserves, discount rates are based on the Company’s earned investment yield and the morbidity/mortality tables used are standard industry tables modified to reflect the Company’s actual experience when appropriate. In particular, for the Company’s group disability known claim reserves, the morbidity table for the early durations of claim is based exclusively on the Company’s experience, incorporating factors such as gender, elimination period and diagnosis. These reserves are computed such that they are expected to meet the Company’s future policy obligations. Future policy benefits are computed at amounts that, with additions from estimated premiums to be received and with interest on such reserves compounded annually at certain assumed rates, are expected to be sufficient to meet the Company’s policy obligations at their maturities or in the event of an insured’s death. Changes in or deviations from the assumptions used for mortality, morbidity, expected future premiums and interest can significantly affect the Company’s reserve levels and related future operations and, as such, provisions for adverse deviation are built into the long-tailed liability assumptions.
Certain contracts classified as universal life-type may also include additional death or other insurance benefit features, such as guaranteed minimum death benefits offered with variable annuity contracts and no lapse guarantees offered with universal life insurance contracts. An additional liability is established for these benefits by estimating the expected present value of the benefits in excess of the projected account value in proportion to the present value of total expected assessments. Excess benefits are accrued as a liability as actual assessments are recorded. Determination of the expected value of excess benefits and assessments are based on a range of scenarios and assumptions including those related to market rates of return and volatility, contract surrender rates and mortality experience. Revisions to assumptions are made consistent with the Company’s process for a DAC unlock. For further information, see MD&A, Critical Accounting Estimates, Life Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Present Value of Future Benefits.
Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable
The Company has classified its fixed and variable annuities, 401(k), certain governmental annuities, private placement life insurance (“PPLI”), variable universal life insurance, universal life insurance and interest sensitive whole life insurance as universal life-type contracts. The liability for universal life-type contracts is equal to the balance that accrues to the benefit of the policyholders as of the financial statement date (commonly referred to as the account value), including credited interest, amounts that have been assessed to compensate the Company for services to be performed over future periods, and any amounts previously assessed against policyholders that are refundable on termination of the contract.
The Company has classified its institutional and governmental products, without life contingencies, including funding agreements, certain structured settlements and guaranteed investment contracts, as investment contracts. The liability for investment contracts is equal to the balance that accrues to the benefit of the contract holder as of the financial statement date, which includes the accumulation of deposits plus credited interest, less withdrawals and amounts assessed through the financial statement date. Contract holder funds include funding agreements held by Variable Interest Entities issuing medium-term notes.
Foreign Currency Translation
Foreign currency translation gains and losses are reflected in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. The Company’s foreign subsidiaries’ balance sheet accounts are translated at the exchange rates in effect at each year end and income statement accounts are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. The national currencies of the international operations are generally their functional currencies.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Business Dispositions
Sale of Hartford Life International Limited
On June 27, 2013, The Hartford announced the signing of a definitive agreement to sell HLIL, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, in a cash transaction to Columbia Insurance Company, a Berkshire Hathaway company, for approximately $285. The purchase price is based on HLIL's financial position as of March 31, 2013. Certain accounting results that occur after March 31, 2013 through the date of the closing of the transaction are passed to the buyer. At closing, HLIL’s sole asset will be its subsidiary, Hartford Life Limited ("HLL"), a Dublin-based company that sold variable annuities in the U.K. from 2005 to 2009. The transaction, which is subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals, is expected to close by the end of 2013. The operations of the Company's U.K. variable annuity business meet the criteria for reporting as discontinued operations as further discussed in Note 18 - Discontinued Operations of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Sale of Retirement Plans
On January 1, 2013, HLI completed the sale of its Retirement Plans business to MassMutual for a ceding commission of $355. The sale was structured as a reinsurance transaction and is estimated to result in an after tax gain consisting of a reinsurance loss, offset by realized capital gains. Upon closing, in the first quarter of 2013 the Company reinsured $9.2 billion of policyholder liabilities and $26.3 billion of separate account liabilities under indemnity reinsurance arrangements. The Company also transferred invested assets with a carrying value of $9.3 billion, net of the ceding commission, to MassMutual and wrote off $100 of deferred acquisition costs, deferred income taxes, goodwill, and other assets associated with the disposition. These amounts are subject to change pending final determination of the net assets sold, transaction costs and other adjustments.
Sale of Individual Life
On January 2, 2013 HLI completed the sale of its Individual Life insurance business to Prudential for consideration of $615, consisting primarily of a ceding commission, of which $590 is attributable to the Company. The sale was structured as a reinsurance transaction and is estimated to result in a loss on business disposition consisting of a reinsurance loss offset by realized capital gains. Upon closing, in the first quarter of 2013 the Company reinsured $8.3 billion of policyholder liabilities and $5.3 billion of separate account liabilities under indemnity reinsurance arrangements. The Company also transferred invested assets with a carrying value of $7.6 billion, exclusive of $1.4 billion assets supporting the modified coinsurance agreement, net of cash transferred in place of short-term investments, to Prudential and wrote off $1.8 billion of deferred acquisition costs, deferred income taxes, goodwill and other assets, and $1.9 billion of other liabilities associated with the disposition. These amounts are subject to change pending final determination of the net assets sold, transaction costs and other adjustments.
The estimated reinsurance loss on business disposition of $61, pre tax, for the year ended December 31, 2012 includes a goodwill impairment charge of the same amount. This estimate reflects management's best estimate of the potential loss from this transaction. For further information regarding the Company's 2012 goodwill impairment testing, see Note 7- Goodwill of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The estimated reinsurance loss on business disposition is subject to change pending final determination of the net assets sold, transaction costs and other adjustments.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Business Dispositions (continued)
Composition of Invested Assets Transferred
The following table presents invested assets transferred by the Company in connection with the sale of the Retirement Plans and Individual Life businesses in January 2013. In December 2012, the Company recognized intent-to-sell impairments of $173 and gains on derivatives hedging of $108 associated with the sale of these assets.
|
| | | |
| As of December 31, 2012 |
| Carrying Value |
Asset-backed securities ("ABS") | $ | 289 |
|
Collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs") [1] | 474 |
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS") | 940 |
|
Corporate | 11,330 |
|
Foreign govt./govt. agencies | 263 |
|
Municipal | 899 |
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS") | 705 |
|
U.S. Treasuries | 115 |
|
Total fixed maturities, AFS, at fair value (amortized cost of $13,596) [2] | 15,015 |
|
Equity securities, AFS, at fair value (cost of $27) [3] | 28 |
|
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the FVO [4] | 16 |
|
Mortgage loans (net of allowances for loan losses of $1) | 1,288 |
|
Policy loans, at outstanding balance | 542 |
|
Total invested assets transferred | $ | 16,889 |
|
[1] The market value includes the fair value of bifurcated embedded derivative features of certain securities. Changes in fair value are recorded in the net unrealized capital gains (losses).
[2] Includes $14.4 billion and $657 of securities in level 2 and 3 of the fair value hierarchy, respectively.
[3] All equity securities transferred are included in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
[4] All FVO securities transferred are included in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Purchase Agreement with Forethought Financial Group, Inc.
On December 31, 2012, The Hartford completed the sale of its U.S. individual annuity new business capabilities to Forethought Financial Group. Effective May 1, 2012, all new U.S. annuity policies sold by the Company are reinsured to Forethought Life Insurance Company. The Company will cease the sale of such annuity policies and the reinsurance agreement will terminate as to new business in the second quarter of 2013. The reinsurance agreement has no impact on in-force policies issued on or before April 27, 2012 and the impact of this transaction was not material to the Company's results of operations, financial position or liquidity.
Sale of Woodbury Financial Services, Inc.
On November 30, 2012, The Hartford completed the sale of Woodbury Financial Services, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, to AIG Advisor Group, a subsidiary of American International Group, Inc. The impact of the disposition of this business was not material to the Company's results of operations, financial position or liquidity.
Servicing Agreement of Hartford Life Private Placement LLC
On July 13, 2012, The Hartford closed a sale transaction with Philadelphia Financial Group whereby Philadelphia Financial Group acquired certain assets used to administer the Company's private placement life insurance (“PPLI”) businesses and will service the PPLI businesses. The Company retained certain corporate functions associated with this business as well as the mortality risk on the insurance policies. Upon closing, the Company recorded a deferred gain of $61 after-tax, which will be amortized over the estimated life of the underlying insurance policies.
See Note 18 - Discontinued Operations of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the Mutual Funds reorganization and sale of certain subsidiaries that are being reported as discontinued operations.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements
The following section applies the fair value hierarchy and disclosure requirements for the Company’s financial instruments that are carried at fair value. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs in the valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad Levels (Level 1, 2 or 3).
| |
Level 1 | Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 1 securities include highly liquid U.S. Treasuries, money market funds and exchange traded equity securities, open-ended mutual funds reported in separate account assets and exchange-traded derivative securities. |
| |
Level 2 | Observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, for the asset or liability or prices for similar assets and liabilities. Most fixed maturities and preferred stocks, including those reported in separate account assets, are model priced by vendors using observable inputs and are classified within Level 2. Also included are limited partnerships and other alternative assets measured at fair value where an investment can be redeemed, or substantially redeemed, at the NAV at the measurement date or in the near-term, not to exceed 90 days. |
| |
Level 3 | Valuations that are derived from techniques in which one or more of the significant inputs are unobservable (including assumptions about risk). Level 3 securities include less liquid securities, guaranteed product embedded and reinsurance derivatives and other complex derivative securities, as well as limited partnerships and other alternative investments carried at fair value that cannot be redeemed in the near-term at the NAV. Because Level 3 fair values, by their nature, contain one or more significant unobservable inputs as there is little or no observable market for these assets and liabilities, considerable judgment is used to determine the Level 3 fair values. Level 3 fair values represent the Company’s best estimate of an amount that could be realized in a current market exchange absent actual market exchanges. |
In many situations, inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or liability position may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In these situations, the Company will determine the level in which the fair value falls based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the determination of the fair value. Transfers of securities among the levels occur at the beginning of the reporting period. As of December 31, 2012, the amount of transfers from Level 1 to Level 2 was $1.5 billion, which represented previously on-the-run U.S. Treasury securities that are now off-the-run, and there were no transfers from Level 2 to Level 1. In most cases, both observable (e.g., changes in interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in risk assumptions) inputs are used in the determination of fair values that the Company has classified within Level 3. Consequently, these values and the related gains and losses are based upon both observable and unobservable inputs. The Company’s fixed maturities included in Level 3 are classified as such because these securities are primarily priced by independent brokers and/or within illiquid markets.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
The following tables present assets and (liabilities) carried at fair value by hierarchy level. These disclosures provide information as to the extent to which the Company uses fair value to measure financial instruments and information about the inputs used to value those financial instruments to allow users to assess the relative reliability of the measurements. The following table presents assets and (liabilities) carried at fair value by hierarchy level.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2012 |
| Total | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis | | | | |
Fixed maturities, AFS | | | | |
ABS | $ | 1,673 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 1,435 |
| $ | 238 |
|
CDOs | 2,160 |
| — |
| 1,437 |
| 723 |
|
CMBS | 3,912 |
| — |
| 3,380 |
| 532 |
|
Corporate | 30,979 |
| — |
| 29,639 |
| 1,340 |
|
Foreign government/government agencies | 1,460 |
| — |
| 1,426 |
| 34 |
|
States, municipalities and political subdivisions (“Municipal”) | 1,998 |
| — |
| 1,829 |
| 169 |
|
RMBS | 4,671 |
| — |
| 3,538 |
| 1,133 |
|
U.S. Treasuries | 2,551 |
| 78 |
| 2,473 |
| — |
|
Total fixed maturities | 49,404 |
| 78 |
| 45,157 |
| 4,169 |
|
Fixed maturities, FVO | 1,010 |
| 6 |
| 805 |
| 199 |
|
Equity securities, trading | 1,847 |
| 1,847 |
| — |
| — |
|
Equity securities, AFS | 400 |
| 203 |
| 142 |
| 55 |
|
Derivative assets | | | | |
Credit derivatives | (10 | ) | — |
| — |
| (10 | ) |
Equity derivatives | 30 |
| — |
| — |
| 30 |
|
Foreign exchange derivatives | 104 |
| — |
| 104 |
| — |
|
Interest rate derivatives | 108 |
| — |
| 144 |
| (36 | ) |
U.S. guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit ("GMWB") hedging instruments | 36 |
| — |
| (53 | ) | 89 |
|
U.S. macro hedge program | 186 |
| — |
| — |
| 186 |
|
International program hedging instruments | 127 |
| — |
| 142 |
| (15 | ) |
Total derivative assets [1] | 581 |
| — |
| 337 |
| 244 |
|
Short-term investments | 2,354 |
| 242 |
| 2,112 |
| — |
|
Limited partnerships and other alternative investments [2] | 414 |
| — |
| 264 |
| 150 |
|
Reinsurance recoverable for U.S. GMWB and Japan GMWB, GMIB, and GMAB | 1,081 |
| — |
| — |
| 1,081 |
|
Separate account assets [3] | 138,497 |
| 97,976 |
| 39,938 |
| 583 |
|
Total assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis | $ | 195,588 |
| $ | 100,352 |
| $ | 88,755 |
| $ | 6,481 |
|
Percentage of level to total | 100 | % | 52 | % | 45 | % | 3 | % |
Liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis | | | | |
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable | | | | |
Guaranteed living benefits | $ | (3,119 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | (3,119 | ) |
Equity linked notes | (8 | ) | — |
| — |
| (8 | ) |
Total other policyholder funds and benefits payable | (3,127 | ) | — |
| — |
| (3,127 | ) |
Derivative liabilities | | | | |
Credit derivatives | (6 | ) | — |
| (20 | ) | 14 |
|
Equity derivatives | 15 |
| — |
| — |
| 15 |
|
Foreign exchange derivatives | (17 | ) | — |
| (17 | ) | — |
|
Interest rate derivatives | (359 | ) | — |
| (338 | ) | (21 | ) |
U.S. GMWB hedging instruments | 536 |
| — |
| 106 |
| 430 |
|
U.S. macro hedge program | 100 |
| — |
| — |
| 100 |
|
International program hedging instruments | (231 | ) | — |
| (171 | ) | (60 | ) |
Total derivative liabilities [4] | 38 |
| — |
| (440 | ) | 478 |
|
Other liabilities | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
|
Consumer notes [5] | (2 | ) | — |
| — |
| (2 | ) |
Total liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis | $ | (3,091 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | (440 | ) | $ | (2,651 | ) |
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2011 |
| Total | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis | | | | |
Fixed maturities, AFS | | | | |
ABS | $ | 2,093 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 1,776 |
| $ | 317 |
|
CDOs | 1,798 |
| — |
| 1,470 |
| 328 |
|
CMBS | 4,269 |
| — |
| 3,921 |
| 348 |
|
Corporate | 30,229 |
| — |
| 28,732 |
| 1,497 |
|
Foreign government/government agencies | 1,224 |
| — |
| 1,187 |
| 37 |
|
States, municipalities and political subdivisions (“Municipal”) | 1,557 |
| — |
| 1,175 |
| 382 |
|
RMBS | 3,823 |
| — |
| 2,890 |
| 933 |
|
U.S. Treasuries | 2,785 |
| 487 |
| 2,298 |
| — |
|
Total fixed maturities | 47,778 |
| 487 |
| 43,449 |
| 3,842 |
|
Fixed maturities, FVO | 1,317 |
| — |
| 833 |
| 484 |
|
Equity securities, trading | 1,967 |
| 1,967 |
| — |
| — |
|
Equity securities, AFS | 398 |
| 227 |
| 115 |
| 56 |
|
Derivative assets | | | | |
Credit derivatives | (27 | ) | — |
| (6 | ) | (21 | ) |
Equity derivatives | 31 |
| — |
| — |
| 31 |
|
Foreign exchange derivatives | 505 |
| — |
| 505 |
| — |
|
Interest rate derivatives | 78 |
| — |
| 38 |
| 40 |
|
U.S. GMWB hedging instruments | 494 |
| — |
| 11 |
| 483 |
|
U.S. macro hedge program | 357 |
| — |
| — |
| 357 |
|
International program hedging instruments | 533 |
| — |
| 567 |
| (34 | ) |
Total derivative assets [1] | 1,971 |
| — |
| 1,115 |
| 856 |
|
Short-term investments | 3,882 |
| 520 |
| 3,362 |
| — |
|
Reinsurance recoverable for U.S. GMWB and Japan GMWB, GMIB, and GMAB | 3,073 |
| — |
| — |
| 3,073 |
|
Separate account assets [3] | 139,421 |
| 101,633 |
| 36,757 |
| 1,031 |
|
Total assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis | $ | 199,807 |
| $ | 104,834 |
| $ | 85,631 |
| $ | 9,342 |
|
Liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis | | | | |
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable | | | | |
Guaranteed living benefits | $ | (5,776 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | (5,776 | ) |
Equity linked notes | (9 | ) | — |
| — |
| (9 | ) |
Total other policyholder funds and benefits payable | (5,785 | ) | — |
| — |
| (5,785 | ) |
Derivative liabilities | | | | |
Credit derivatives | (493 | ) | — |
| (25 | ) | (468 | ) |
Equity derivatives | 5 |
| — |
| — |
| 5 |
|
Foreign exchange derivatives | 140 |
| — |
| 140 |
| — |
|
Interest rate derivatives | (315 | ) | — |
| (184 | ) | (131 | ) |
U.S. GMWB hedging instruments | 400 |
| — |
| — |
| 400 |
|
International program hedging instruments | 9 |
| — |
| 10 |
| (1 | ) |
Total derivative liabilities [4] | (254 | ) | — |
| (59 | ) | (195 | ) |
Other liabilities | (9 | ) | — |
| — |
| (9 | ) |
Consumer notes [5] | (4 | ) | — |
| — |
| (4 | ) |
Total liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis | $ | (6,052 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | (59 | ) | $ | (5,993 | ) |
| |
[1] | Includes over-the-counter derivative instruments in a net asset value position which may require the counterparty to pledge collateral to the Company. At December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, $92 million and $1.4 billion, respectively, was the amount of cash collateral liability that was netted against the derivative asset value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, and is excluded from the table above. For further information on derivative liabilities, see below in this Note 3. |
| |
[2] | Represents hedge funds where investment company accounting has been applied to a wholly-owned fund of funds measured at value. |
| |
[3] | As of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, excludes approximately $3.1 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively, of investment sales receivable that are not subject to fair value accounting. |
| |
[4] | Includes over-the-counter derivative instruments in a net negative market value position (derivative liability). In the Level 3 roll forward table included below in this Note, the derivative asset and liability are referred to as “freestanding derivatives” and are presented on a net basis. |
| |
[5] | Represents embedded derivatives associated with non-funding agreement-backed consumer equity-linked notes. |
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
Determination of Fair Values
The valuation methodologies used to determine the fair values of assets and liabilities under the “exit price” notion, reflect market-participant objectives and are based on the application of the fair value hierarchy that prioritizes relevant observable market inputs over unobservable inputs. The Company determines the fair values of certain financial assets and financial liabilities based on quoted market prices where available and where prices represent a reasonable estimate of fair value. The Company also determines fair value based on future cash flows discounted at the appropriate current market rate. Fair values reflect adjustments for counterparty credit quality, the Company’s default spreads, liquidity and, where appropriate, risk margins on unobservable parameters. The following is a discussion of the methodologies used to determine fair values for the financial instruments listed in the above tables.
The fair value process is monitored by the Valuation Committee, which is a cross-functional group of senior management within the Company that meets at least quarterly. The Valuation Committee is co-chaired by the Heads of Investment Operations and Accounting and has representation from various investment sector professionals, accounting, operations, legal, compliance and risk management. The purpose of the committee is to oversee the pricing policy and procedures by ensuring objective and reliable valuation practices and pricing of financial instruments, as well as addressing fair valuation issues and approving changes to valuation methodologies and pricing sources. There is also a Fair Value Working Group (“Working Group”) which includes the Heads of Investment Operations and Accounting, as well as other investment, operations, accounting and risk management professionals that meet monthly to review market data trends, pricing and trading statistics and results, and any proposed pricing methodology changes described in more detail in the following paragraphs.
AFS, Fixed Maturities, FVO, Equity Securities, Trading, and Short-term Investments
The fair value of AFS securities, fixed maturities, FVO, equity securities, trading, and short-term investments in an active and orderly market (e.g. not distressed or forced liquidation) are determined by management after considering one of three primary sources of information: third-party pricing services, independent broker quotations or pricing matrices. Security pricing is applied using a “waterfall” approach whereby publicly available prices are first sought from third-party pricing services, the remaining unpriced securities are submitted to independent brokers for prices, or lastly, securities are priced using a pricing matrix. Typical inputs used by these pricing methods include, but are not limited to, reported trades, benchmark yields, issuer spreads, bids, offers, and/or estimated cash flows, prepayments speeds and default rates. Based on the typical trading volumes and the lack of quoted market prices for fixed maturities, third-party pricing services will normally derive the security prices from recent reported trades for identical or similar securities making adjustments through the reporting date based upon available market observable information as outlined above. If there are no recently reported trades, the third-party pricing services and independent brokers may use matrix or model processes to develop a security price where future cash flow expectations are developed based upon collateral performance and discounted at an estimated market rate. Included in the pricing of ABS and RMBS are estimates of the rate of future prepayments of principal over the remaining life of the securities. Such estimates are derived based on the characteristics of the underlying structure and prepayment speeds previously experienced at the interest rate levels projected for the underlying collateral. Actual prepayment experience may vary from these estimates.
Prices from third-party pricing services are often unavailable for securities that are rarely traded or are traded only in privately negotiated transactions. As a result, certain securities are priced via independent broker quotations which utilize inputs that may be difficult to corroborate with observable market based data. Additionally, the majority of these independent broker quotations are non-binding.
A pricing matrix is used to price private placement securities for which the Company is unable to obtain a price from a third-party pricing service by discounting the expected future cash flows from the security by a developed market discount rate utilizing current credit spreads. Credit spreads are developed each month using market based data for public securities adjusted for credit spread differentials between public and private securities which are obtained from a survey of multiple private placement brokers. The appropriate credit spreads determined through this survey approach are based upon the issuer’s financial strength and term to maturity, utilizing an independent public security index and trade information and adjusting for the non-public nature of the securities.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
The Working Group performs an ongoing analysis of the prices and credit spreads received from third parties to ensure that the prices represent a reasonable estimate of the fair value. This process involves quantitative and qualitative analysis and is overseen by investment and accounting professionals. As a part of this analysis, the Company considers trading volume, new issuance activity and other factors to determine whether the market activity is significantly different than normal activity in an active market, and if so, whether transactions may not be orderly considering the weight of available evidence. If the available evidence indicates that pricing is based upon transactions that are stale or not orderly, the Company places little, if any, weight on the transaction price and will estimate fair value utilizing an internal pricing model. In addition, the Company ensures that prices received from independent brokers represent a reasonable estimate of fair value through the use of internal and external cash flow models developed based on spreads, and when available, market indices. As a result of this analysis, if the Company determines that there is a more appropriate fair value based upon the available market data, the price received from the third party is adjusted accordingly and approved by the Valuation Committee. The Company’s internal pricing model utilizes the Company’s best estimate of expected future cash flows discounted at a rate of return that a market participant would require. The significant inputs to the model include, but are not limited to, current market inputs, such as credit loss assumptions, estimated prepayment speeds and market risk premiums.
The Company conducts other specific activities to monitor controls around pricing. Daily analyses identify price changes over 3-5%, sale trade prices that differ over 3% from the prior day’s price and purchase trade prices that differ more than 3% from the current day’s price. Weekly analyses identify prices that differ more than 5% from published bond prices of a corporate bond index. Monthly analyses identify price changes over 3%, prices that haven’t changed, missing prices and second source validation on most sectors. Analyses are conducted by a dedicated pricing unit that follows up with trading and investment sector professionals and challenges prices with vendors when the estimated assumptions used differ from what the Company feels a market participant would use. Any changes from the identified pricing source are verified by further confirmation of assumptions used. Examples of other procedures performed include, but are not limited to, initial and on-going review of third-party pricing services’ methodologies, review of pricing statistics and trends and back testing recent trades.
The Company has analyzed the third-party pricing services’ valuation methodologies and related inputs, and has also evaluated the various types of securities in its investment portfolio to determine an appropriate fair value hierarchy level based upon trading activity and the observability of market inputs. Most prices provided by third-party pricing services are classified into Level 2 because the inputs used in pricing the securities are market observable. Due to a general lack of transparency in the process that brokers use to develop prices, most valuations that are based on brokers’ prices are classified as Level 3. Some valuations may be classified as Level 2 if the price can be corroborated with observable market data.
Derivative Instruments, including embedded derivatives within investments
Derivative instruments are fair valued using pricing valuation models; that utilize independent market data inputs, quoted market prices for exchange-traded derivatives, or independent broker quotations. Excluding embedded and reinsurance related derivatives, as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, 98% and 98%, respectively, of derivatives, based upon notional values, were priced by valuation models or quoted market prices. The remaining derivatives were priced by broker quotations. The Company performs a monthly analysis on derivative valuations which includes both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Examples of procedures performed include, but are not limited to, review of pricing statistics and trends, back testing recent trades, analyzing the impacts of changes in the market environment, and review of changes in market value for each derivative including those derivatives priced by brokers.
The Company performs various controls on derivative valuations which includes both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Analyses are conducted by a dedicated derivative pricing team that works directly with investment sector professionals to analyze impacts of changes in the market environment and investigate variances. There is a monthly analysis to identify market value changes greater than predefined thresholds, stale prices, missing prices and zero prices. Also on a monthly basis, a second source validation, typically to broker quotations, is performed for certain of the more complex derivatives, as well as for all new deals during the month. A model validation review is performed on any new models, which typically includes detailed documentation and validation to a second source. The model validation documentation and results of validation are presented to the Valuation Committee for approval. There is a monthly control to review changes in pricing sources to ensure that new models are not moved to production until formally approved.
The Company utilizes derivative instruments to manage the risk associated with certain assets and liabilities. However, the derivative instrument may not be classified with the same fair value hierarchy level as the associated assets and liabilities. Therefore the realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivatives reported in Level 3 may not reflect the offsetting impact of the realized and unrealized gains and losses of the associated assets and liabilities.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
Limited partnerships and other alternative investments
Limited partnerships and other alternative investments include hedge funds where investment company accounting has been applied to a wholly-owned fund of funds measured at fair value. These funds are fair valued using the net asset value per share or equivalent (“NAV”), as a practical expedient, calculated on a monthly basis and is the amount at which a unit or shareholder may redeem their investment, if redemption is allowed. Certain impediments to redemption include, but are not limited to the following: 1) redemption notice may be required and the notice period may be as long as 90 days, 2) redemption may be restricted (e.g. only be allowed on a quarter-end), 3) a holding period referred to as a lock-up may be imposed whereby an investor must hold their investment for a specified period of time before they can make a notice for redemption, 4) gating provisions may limit all redemptions in a given period to a percentage of the entities' equity interests, or may only allow an investor to redeem a portion of their investment at one time and 5) early redemption penalties may be imposed that are expressed as a percentage of the amount redeemed. The Company will assess impediments to redemption and current market conditions that will restrict the redemption at the end of the notice period. Any funds that are subject to significant liquidity restrictions are reported in Level 3; all others will be classified as Level 2.
Valuation Techniques and Inputs for Investments
Generally, the Company determines the estimated fair value of its AFS securities, fixed maturities, FVO, equity securities, trading, and short-term investments using the market approach. The income approach is used for securities priced using a pricing matrix, as well as for derivative instruments. Certain limited partnerships and other alternative investments are measured at fair value using a NAV as a practical expedient. For Level 1 investments, which are comprised of on-the-run U.S. Treasuries, exchange-traded equity securities, short-term investments, exchange traded futures, and option and swap contracts, valuations are based on observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets in active markets that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
For most of the Company’s debt securities, the following inputs are typically used in the Company’s pricing methods: reported trades, benchmark yields, bids and/or estimated cash flows. For securities except U.S. Treasuries, inputs also include issuer spreads, which may consider credit default swaps. Derivative instruments are valued using mid-market inputs that are predominantly observable in the market.
A description of additional inputs used in the Company’s Level 2 and Level 3 measurements is listed below:
| |
Level 2 | The fair values of most of the Company’s Level 2 investments are determined by management after considering prices received from third party pricing services. These investments include most fixed maturities and preferred stocks, including those reported in separate account assets, as well as certain limited partnerships and other alternative investments. |
| |
• | ABS, CDOs, CMBS and RMBS – Primary inputs also include monthly payment information, collateral performance, which varies by vintage year and includes delinquency rates, collateral valuation loss severity rates, collateral refinancing assumptions, credit default swap indices and, for ABS and RMBS, estimated prepayment rates. |
| |
• | Corporates, including investment grade private placements – Primary inputs also include observations of credit default swap curves related to the issuer. |
| |
• | Foreign government/government agencies—Primary inputs also include observations of credit default swap curves related to the issuer and political events in emerging markets. |
| |
• | Municipals – Primary inputs also include Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board reported trades and material event notices, and issuer financial statements. |
| |
• | Short-term investments – Primary inputs also include material event notices and new issue money market rates. |
| |
• | Equity securities, trading – Consist of investments in mutual funds. Primary inputs include net asset values obtained from third party pricing services. |
| |
• | Credit derivatives – Primary inputs include the swap yield curve and credit default swap curves. |
| |
• | Foreign exchange derivatives – Primary inputs include the swap yield curve, currency spot and forward rates, and cross currency basis curves. |
| |
• | Interest rate derivatives – Primary input is the swap yield curve. |
| |
• | Limited partnerships and other alternative investments — Primary inputs include a NAV for investment companies with no redemption restrictions as reported on their U.S. GAAP financial statements. |
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
| |
Level 3 | Most of the Company’s securities classified as Level 3 include less liquid securities such as lower quality ABS, CMBS, commercial real estate (“CRE”) CDOs and RMBS primarily backed by below-prime loans. Securities included in level 3 are primarily valued based on broker prices or broker spreads, without adjustments. Primary inputs for non-broker priced investments, including structured securities, are consistent with the typical inputs used in Level 2 measurements noted above, but are Level 3 due to their less liquid markets. Additionally, certain long-dated securities are priced based on third party pricing services, including municipal securities, foreign government/government agencies, bank loans and below investment grade private placement securities. Primary inputs for these long-dated securities are consistent with the typical inputs used in Level 1 and Level 2 measurements noted above, but include benchmark interest rate or credit spread assumptions that are not observable in the marketplace. Level 3 investments also include certain limited partnerships and other alternative investments measured at fair value where the Company does not have the ability to redeem the investment in the near-term at the NAV. Also included in Level 3 are certain derivative instruments that either have significant unobservable inputs or are valued based on broker quotations. Significant inputs for these derivative contracts primarily include the typical inputs used in the Level 1 and Level 2 measurements noted above, but also may include the following: |
| |
• | Credit derivatives — Significant unobservable inputs may include credit correlation and swap yield curve and credit curve extrapolation beyond observable limits. |
| |
• | Equity derivatives — Significant unobservable inputs may include equity volatility. |
| |
• | Interest rate contracts — Significant unobservable inputs may include swap yield curve extrapolation beyond observable limits and interest rate volatility. |
Significant Unobservable Inputs for Level 3 Assets Measured at Fair Values
The following tables present information about significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 assets measured at fair value.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, 2012 |
Securities | | | | Unobservable Inputs | |
Assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis | Fair Value | Predominant Valuation Method | Significant Unobservable Input | Minimum | Maximum | Weighted Average [1] | Impact of Increase in Input on Fair Value [2] |
CMBS | $ | 532 |
| Discounted cash flows | Spread (encompasses prepayment, default risk and loss severity) | 320bps | 3,615bps | 1,013bps | Decrease |
Corporate [3] | 888 |
| Discounted cash flows | Spread | 145bps | 900bps | 333bps | Decrease |
Municipal | 169 |
| Discounted cash flows | Spread | 227bps | 344bps | 254bps | Decrease |
RMBS | 1,133 |
| Discounted cash flows | Spread | 54bps | 1,689bps | 379bps | Decrease |
| | | Constant prepayment rate | 0.0 | % | 12.0 | % | 2.0 | % | Decrease [4] |
| | | Constant default rate | 1.0 | % | 24.0 | % | 8.0 | % | Decrease |
| | | Loss severity | — | % | 100.0 | % | 80.0 | % | Decrease |
| |
[1] | The weighted average is determined based on the fair value of the securities. |
| |
[2] | Conversely, the impact of a decrease in input would have the opposite impact to the fair value as that presented in the table above. |
| |
[3] | Level 3 corporate securities excludes those for which the Company bases fair value on broker quotations as discussed below. |
| |
[4] | Decrease for above market rate coupons and increase for below market rate coupons. |
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, 2012 |
Freestanding Derivatives | | | | Unobservable Inputs | |
| Fair Value | Predominant Valuation Method | Significant Unobservable Input | Minimum | Maximum | Impact of Increase in Input on Fair Value [1] |
Equity derivatives | | | | | | |
Equity options | $ | 45 |
| Option model | Equity volatility | 13% | 24% | Increase |
Interest rate derivative | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps | (57 | ) | Discounted cash flows | Swap curve beyond 30 years | 2.8% | 2.8% | Increase |
U.S. GMWB hedging instruments | | | | | | |
Equity options | 281 |
| Option model | Equity volatility | 10% | 31% | Increase |
Customized swaps | 238 |
| Discounted cash flows | Equity volatility | 10% | 50% | Increase |
U.S. macro hedge program | | | | | | |
Equity options | 286 |
| Option model | Equity volatility | 24% | 43% | Increase |
International hedging program | | | | | | |
Equity options | 44 |
| Option model | Equity volatility | 22% | 33% | Increase |
Long interest rate | (119 | ) | Option model | Interest rate volatility | —% | 1% | Increase |
| |
[1] | Conversely, the impact of a decrease in input would have the opposite impact to the fair value as that presented in the table. Changes are based on long positions, unless otherwise noted. Changes in fair value will be inversely impacted for short positions. |
Securities and derivatives for which the Company bases fair value on broker quotations predominately include ABS, CDOs, corporate, fixed maturities, FVO and certain credit derivatives. Due to the lack of transparency in the process brokers use to develop prices for these investments, the Company does not have access to the significant unobservable inputs brokers use to price these securities and derivatives. The Company believes however, the types of inputs brokers may use would likely be similar to those used to price securities and derivatives for which inputs are available to the Company, and therefore may include, but not be limited to, loss severity rates, constant prepayment rates, constant default rates and credit spreads. Therefore, similar to non broker priced securities and derivatives, generally, increases in these inputs would cause fair values to decrease. For the year ended, December 31, 2012, no significant adjustments were made by the Company to broker prices received.
Excluded from the tables above are limited partnerships and other alternative investments which total $150 of Level 3 assets measured at fair value. The predominant valuation method uses a NAV calculated on a monthly basis and represents funds where the Company does not have the ability to redeem the investment in the near-term at that NAV, including an assessment of the investee's liquidity.
Product Derivatives
The Company currently offers and subsequently reinsures certain variable annuity products with GMWB riders in the U.S., and formerly offered GMWBs in the U.K. The Company has also assumed, through reinsurance from Hartford Life Insurance KK (“HLIKK”), a Japanese affiliate of the Company, guaranteed minimum income benefit (‘GMIB”), GMWB and guaranteed minimum accumulation benefit (“GMAB”) riders. The Company has subsequently ceded certain GMWB rider liabilities and the assumed reinsurance from HLIKK to an affiliated captive reinsurer. The GMWB provides the policyholder with a guaranteed remaining balance ("GRB") if the account value is reduced to zero through a combination of market declines and withdrawals. The GRB is generally equal to premiums less withdrawals. Certain contract provisions can increase the GRB at contract holder election or after the passage of time. The GMWB represents an embedded derivative in the variable annuity contract. The GMWB represents an embedded derivative in the variable annuity contract. When it is determined that (1) the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract, and (2) a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is bifurcated from the host for measurement purposes. The embedded derivative, which is reported with the host instrument in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, is carried at fair value with changes in fair value reported in net realized capital gains and losses. The Company’s GMWB liability is carried at fair value and reported in other policyholder funds. The notional value of the embedded derivative is the GRB.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
In valuing the embedded derivative, the Company attributes to the derivative a portion of the fees collected from the contract holder equal to the present value of future GMWB claims (the “Attributed Fees”). All changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative are recorded in net realized capital gains and losses. The excess of fees collected from the contract holder over the Attributed Fees are associated with the host variable annuity contract reported in fee income.
The reinsurance assumed on the HLIKK GMIB, GMWB, and GMAB and ceded to an affiliated captive reinsurer meets the characteristics of a free-standing derivative instrument. As a result, the derivative asset or liability is recorded at fair value with changes in the fair value reported in net realized capital gains and losses.
Living Benefits Required to be Fair Valued (in Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable)
Living benefits required to be fair valued include U.S guaranteed withdrawal benefits, international guaranteed withdrawal benefits and international other guaranteed living benefits. Fair values for GMWB and GMAB contracts are calculated using the income approach based upon internally developed models because active, observable markets do not exist for those items. The fair value of the Company’s guaranteed benefit liabilities, classified as embedded derivatives, and the related reinsurance and customized freestanding derivatives is calculated as an aggregation of the following components: Best Estimate Claims Costs calculated based on actuarial and capital market assumptions related to projected cash flows over the lives of the contracts; Credit Standing Adjustment; and Margins representing an amount that market participants would require for the risk that the Company’s assumptions about policyholder behavior could differ from actual experience. The resulting aggregation is reconciled or calibrated, if necessary, to market information that is, or may be, available to the Company, but may not be observable by other market participants, including reinsurance discussions and transactions. The Company believes the aggregation of these components, as necessary and as reconciled or calibrated to the market information available to the Company, results in an amount that the Company would be required to transfer or receive, for an asset, to or from market participants in an active liquid market, if one existed, for those market participants to assume the risks associated with the guaranteed minimum benefits and the related reinsurance and customized derivatives. The fair value is likely to materially diverge from the ultimate settlement of the liability as the Company believes settlement will be based on our best estimate assumptions rather than those best estimate assumptions plus risk margins. In the absence of any transfer of the guaranteed benefit liability to a third party, the release of risk margins is likely to be reflected as realized gains in future periods’ net income. Each component described below is unobservable in the marketplace and requires subjectivity by the Company in determining their value.
Oversight of the Company’s valuation policies and processes for product and U.S. GMWB reinsurance derivatives is performed by a multidisciplinary group comprised of finance, actuarial and risk management professionals. This multidisciplinary group reviews and approves changes and enhancements to the Company’s valuation model as well as associated controls.
Best Estimate Claims Costs
The Best Estimate Claims Costs is calculated based on actuarial and capital market assumptions related to projected cash flows, including the present value of benefits and related contract charges, over the lives of the contracts, incorporating expectations concerning policyholder behavior such as lapses, fund selection, resets and withdrawal utilization (for the customized derivatives, policyholder behavior is prescribed in the derivative contract). Because of the dynamic and complex nature of these cash flows, best estimate assumptions and a Monte Carlo stochastic process involving the generation of thousands of scenarios that assume risk neutral returns consistent with swap rates and a blend of observable implied index volatility levels were used. Estimating these cash flows involves numerous estimates and subjective judgments including those regarding expected markets rates of return, market volatility, correlations of market index returns to funds, fund performance, discount rates and various actuarial assumptions for policyholder behavior which emerge over time.
At each valuation date, the Company assumes expected returns based on:
| |
• | risk-free rates as represented by the Eurodollar futures, LIBOR deposits and swap rates to derive forward curve rates; |
| |
• | market implied volatility assumptions for each underlying index based primarily on a blend of observed market “implied volatility” data; |
| |
• | correlations of historical returns across underlying well known market indices based on actual observed returns over the ten years preceding the valuation date; and |
| |
• | three years of history for fund regression. |
As many guaranteed benefit obligations are relatively new in the marketplace, actual policyholder behavior experience is limited. As a result, estimates of future policyholder behavior are subjective and based on analogous internal and external data. As markets change, mature and evolve and actual policyholder behavior emerges, management continually evaluates the appropriateness of its assumptions for this component of the fair value model.
On a daily basis, the Company updates capital market assumptions used in the GMWB liability model such as interest rates, equity indices and the blend of implied equity index volatilities. The Company monitors various aspects of policyholder behavior and may modify certain of its assumptions, including living benefit lapses and withdrawal rates, if credible emerging data indicates that changes
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
are warranted. At a minimum, all policyholder behavior assumptions are reviewed and updated, as appropriate, in conjunction with the completion of the Company’s comprehensive study to refine its estimate of future gross profits during the third quarter of each year.
Credit Standing Adjustment
This assumption makes an adjustment that market participants would make, in determining fair value, to reflect the risk that guaranteed benefit obligations or the GMWB reinsurance recoverables will not be fulfilled (“nonperformance risk”). The Company incorporates a blend of observable Company and reinsurer credit default spreads from capital markets, adjusted for market recoverability. Prior to the first quarter of 2009, the Company calculated the Credit Standing Adjustment by using default rates published by rating agencies, adjusted for market recoverability. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, the credit standing adjustment assumption, net of reinsurance and exclusive of the impact of the credit standing adjustment on other market sensitivities, resulted in pre-tax realized gains (losses) of $499, $(156) and $(8), respectively.
Margins
The behavior risk margin adds a margin that market participants would require for the risk that the Company’s assumptions about policyholder behavior could differ from actual experience. The behavior risk margin is calculated by taking the difference between adverse policyholder behavior assumptions and best estimate assumptions.
Assumption updates, including policyholder behavior assumptions, affected best estimates and margins for total pre-tax realized gains of $76, $13 and $45 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010. As of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 the behavior risk margin was $77 and $103, respectively.
In addition to the non-market-based updates described above, the Company recognized non-market-based updates driven by the relative outperformance (underperformance) of the underlying actively managed funds as compared to their respective indices resulting in before-tax realized gains/(losses) of approximately $29, $(18) and $31 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of living benefits required to be fair valued and the U.S. GMWB reinsurance derivative are withdrawal utilization and withdrawal rates, lapse rates, reset elections and equity volatility. The following table provides quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs and is applicable to all of the Living Benefits Required to be Fair Valued and the reinsurance recoverable for U.S. GMWB and Japan GMWB, GMIB and GMAB. Significant increases in any of the significant unobservable inputs, in isolation, will generally have an increase or decrease correlation with the fair value measurement, as shown in the table.
|
| | | |
| Unobservable Inputs |
Significant Unobservable Input | Minimum | Maximum | Impact of Increase in Input on Fair Value Measurement [1] |
Withdrawal Utilization[2] | 20% | 100% | Increase |
Withdrawal Rates [2] | 0% | 8% | Increase |
Annuitization utilization [3] | 0% | 100% | Increase |
Lapse Rates [4] | 0% | 75% | Decrease |
Reset Elections [5] | 20% | 75% | Increase |
Equity Volatility [6] | 10% | 50% | Increase |
| |
[1] | Conversely, the impact of a decrease in input would have the opposite impact to the fair value as that presented in the table. |
| |
[2] | Ranges represent assumed cumulative percentages of policyholders taking withdrawals and the annual amounts withdrawn. |
| |
[3] | For reinsurance associated with Japan GMIB, range represents assumed cumulative percentages of policyholders annuitizing variable annuity contracts. |
| |
[4] | Range represents assumed annual percentages of full surrender of the underlying variable annuity contracts across all policy durations for in force business. |
| |
[5] | Range represents assumed cumulative percentages of policyholders that would elect to reset their guaranteed benefit base. |
| |
[6] | Range represents implied market volatilities for equity indices based on multiple pricing sources. |
Generally a change in withdrawal utilization assumptions would be accompanied by a directionally opposite change in lapse rate assumptions, as the behavior of policyholders that utilize GMWB or GMAB riders is typically different from policyholders that do not utilize these riders.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
Separate Account Assets
Separate account assets are primarily invested in mutual funds. Other separate account assets include fixed maturities, limited partnerships, equity securities, short-term investments and derivatives that are valued in the same manner, and using the same pricing sources and inputs, as those investments held by the Company. Separate account assets classified as Level 3 primarily include limited partnerships in which fair value represents the separate account’s share of the fair value of the equity in the investment (“net asset value”) and are classified in level 3 based on the Company’s ability to redeem its investment.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
The tables below provide a fair value roll forward for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, for the financial instruments classified as Level 3.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fixed Maturities, AFS | Fixed Maturities, FVO |
Assets | ABS | CDOs | CMBS | Corporate | Foreign govt./govt. agencies | Municipal | RMBS | Total Fixed Maturities, AFS |
Fair value as of January 1, 2012 | $ | 317 |
| $ | 328 |
| $ | 348 |
| $ | 1,497 |
| $ | 37 |
| $ | 382 |
| $ | 933 |
| $ | 3,842 |
| $ | 484 |
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) | | | | | | | | | |
Included in net income [1], [2] | (2 | ) | (19 | ) | (41 | ) | 2 |
| — |
| (5 | ) | (68 | ) | (133 | ) | 106 |
|
Included in OCI [3] | 45 |
| 134 |
| 89 |
| (38 | ) | 1 |
| 34 |
| 298 |
| 563 |
| — |
|
Purchases | 18 |
| — |
| 18 |
| 169 |
| 9 |
| 174 |
| 289 |
| 677 |
| 1 |
|
Settlements | (58 | ) | (36 | ) | (111 | ) | (98 | ) | (4 | ) | — |
| (125 | ) | (432 | ) | (1 | ) |
Sales | (34 | ) | (1 | ) | (109 | ) | (74 | ) | (11 | ) | (91 | ) | (173 | ) | (493 | ) | (391 | ) |
Transfers into Level 3 [4] | 12 |
| 317 |
| 422 |
| 538 |
| 2 |
| — |
| 2 |
| 1,293 |
| — |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 [4] | (60 | ) | — |
| (84 | ) | (656 | ) | — |
| (325 | ) | (23 | ) | (1,148 | ) | — |
|
Fair value as of December 31, 2012 | $ | 238 |
| $ | 723 |
| $ | 532 |
| $ | 1,340 |
| $ | 34 |
| $ | 169 |
| $ | 1,133 |
| $ | 4,169 |
| $ | 199 |
|
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at December 31, 2012 [2] [7] | $ | (1 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | (17 | ) | $ | (7 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | (5 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | (52 | ) | $ | (7 | ) |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Freestanding Derivatives [5] |
Assets (Liabilities) | Equity Securities, AFS | Credit | Equity | Interest Rate | U.S. GMWB Hedging | U.S. Macro Hedge Program | Intl. Program Hedging | Total Free- Standing Derivatives [5] |
Fair value as of January 1, 2012 | $ | 56 |
| $ | (489 | ) | $ | 36 |
| $ | (91 | ) | $ | 883 |
| $ | 357 |
| $ | (35 | ) | $ | 661 |
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) | | | | | | | | |
Included in net income [1], [2] | 3 |
| 155 |
| (32 | ) | 2 |
| (431 | ) | (323 | ) | (83 | ) | (712 | ) |
Included in OCI [3] | (3 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
|
Purchases | 11 |
| — |
| 57 |
| 1 |
| 56 |
| 252 |
| (60 | ) | 306 |
|
Settlements | — |
| 338 |
| (16 | ) | — |
| (12 | ) | — |
| 95 |
| 405 |
|
Sales | (12 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 [4] | — |
| — |
| — |
| 31 |
| 23 |
| — |
| 8 |
| 62 |
|
Fair value as of December 31, 2012 | $ | 55 |
| $ | 4 |
| $ | 45 |
| $ | (57 | ) | $ | 519 |
| $ | 286 |
| $ | (75 | ) | $ | 722 |
|
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at December 31, 2012 [2] [7] | $ | 2 |
| $ | 126 |
| $ | (8 | ) | $ | (1 | ) | $ | (425 | ) | $ | (322 | ) | $ | (85 | ) | $ | (715 | ) |
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Assets | Limited Partnerships and Other Alternative Investments | Reinsurance Recoverable for U.S. GMWB and Japan GMWB, GMIB, and GMAB [6] | Separate Accounts |
Fair value as of January 1, 2012 | $ | — |
| $ | 3,073 |
| $ | 1,031 |
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) | | | |
Included in net income [1], [2] | (11 | ) | (2,142 | ) | 37 |
|
Included in OCI [3] | — |
| (231 | ) | — |
|
Purchases | 26 |
| — |
| 252 |
|
Settlements | — |
| 381 |
| (1 | ) |
Sales | — |
| — |
| (476 | ) |
Transfers into Level 3 [4] | 135 |
| — |
| 443 |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 [4] | — |
| — |
| (703 | ) |
Fair value as of December 31, 2012 | $ | 150 |
| $ | 1,081 |
| $ | 583 |
|
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at December 31, 2012 [2] [7] | $ | (11 | ) | $ | (2,142 | ) | $ | 28 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable | | |
Liabilities | Guaranteed Living Benefits [7] | Equity Linked Notes | Total Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable | Other Liabilities | Consumer Notes |
Fair value as of January 1, 2012 | $ | (5,776 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (5,785 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (4 | ) |
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) | | | | | |
Included in net income [1], [2] | 2,656 |
| 1 |
| 2,657 |
| (34 | ) | 2 |
|
Included in OCI [3] | 264 |
| — |
| 264 |
| — |
| — |
|
Settlements [8] | (263 | ) | — |
| (263 | ) | 43 |
| — |
|
Fair value as of December 31, 2012 | $ | (3,119 | ) | $ | (8 | ) | $ | (3,127 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | (2 | ) |
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at December 31, 2012 [2] [7] | $ | 2,656 |
| $ | 1 |
| $ | 2,657 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 2 |
|
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
The tables below provide a fair value roll forward for the year ended December 31, 2011 for the financial instruments classified as Level 3.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fixed Maturities, AFS | |
Assets | ABS | CDOs | CMBS | Corporate | Foreign govt./govt. agencies | Municipal | RMBS | Total Fixed Maturities, AFS | Fixed Maturities, FVO |
Fair value as of January 1, 2011 | $ | 408 |
| $ | 1,869 |
| $ | 492 |
| $ | 1,486 |
| $ | 40 |
| $ | 258 |
| $ | 1,105 |
| $ | 5,658 |
| $ | 511 |
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) | | | | | | | | | |
Included in net income [1], [2] | (26 | ) | (30 | ) | 13 |
| (27 | ) | — |
| — |
| (21 | ) | (91 | ) | 23 |
|
Included in OCI [3] | 18 |
| 112 |
| 41 |
| (14 | ) | — |
| 46 |
| (3 | ) | 200 |
| — |
|
Purchases | 35 |
| — |
| 18 |
| 83 |
| — |
| 87 |
| 25 |
| 248 |
| — |
|
Settlements | (32 | ) | (129 | ) | (72 | ) | (92 | ) | (3 | ) | — |
| (111 | ) | (439 | ) | (2 | ) |
Sales | (9 | ) | (54 | ) | (225 | ) | (122 | ) | — |
| — |
| (16 | ) | (426 | ) | (43 | ) |
Transfers into Level 3 [4] | 79 |
| 30 |
| 131 |
| 498 |
| 29 |
| — |
| 69 |
| 836 |
| — |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 [4] | (156 | ) | (1,470 | ) | (50 | ) | (315 | ) | (29 | ) | (9 | ) | (115 | ) | (2,144 | ) | (5 | ) |
Fair value as of December 31, 2011 | $ | 317 |
| $ | 328 |
| $ | 348 |
| $ | 1,497 |
| $ | 37 |
| $ | 382 |
| $ | 933 |
| $ | 3,842 |
| $ | 484 |
|
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at December 31, 2011 [2] [7] | $ | (14 | ) | $ | (29 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | (15 | ) | $ | (74 | ) | $ | 19 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Freestanding Derivatives [5] |
Assets (Liabilities) | Equity Securities, AFS | Credit | Equity | Interest Rate | U.S. GMWB Hedging | U.S. Macro Hedge Program | Intl. Program Hedging | Total Free- Standing Derivatives [5] |
Fair value as of January 1, 2011 | $ | 47 |
| $ | (344 | ) | $ | 4 |
| $ | (53 | ) | $ | 600 |
| $ | 203 |
| $ | 5 |
| $ | 415 |
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) | | | | | | | | |
Included in net income [1], [2] | (11 | ) | (144 | ) | (8 | ) | 9 |
| 279 |
| (128 | ) | 3 |
| 11 |
|
Included in OCI [3] | (3 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
|
Purchases | 31 |
| 20 |
| 40 |
| — |
| 23 |
| 347 |
| (43 | ) | 387 |
|
Settlements | — |
| (21 | ) | — |
| (47 | ) | (19 | ) | (65 | ) | — |
| (152 | ) |
Sales | (4 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 [4] | (4 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
|
Fair value as of December 31, 2011 | $ | 56 |
| $ | (489 | ) | $ | 36 |
| $ | (91 | ) | $ | 883 |
| $ | 357 |
| $ | (35 | ) | $ | 661 |
|
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at December 31, 2011 [2] [7] | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (137 | ) | $ | (8 | ) | $ | 10 |
| $ | 278 |
| $ | (107 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | $ | 32 |
|
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
|
| | | | | | |
Assets | Reinsurance Recoverable for U.S. GMWB and Japan GMWB, GMIB, and GMAB [6] | Separate Accounts |
Fair value as of January 1, 2011 | $ | 2,002 |
| $ | 1,247 |
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) | | |
Included in net income [1], [2] | 504 |
| 25 |
|
Included in OCI [3] | 111 |
| — |
|
Purchases | — |
| 292 |
|
Settlements | 456 |
| — |
|
Sales | — |
| (171 | ) |
Transfers into Level 3 [4] | — |
| 14 |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 [4] | — |
| (376 | ) |
Fair value as of December 31, 2011 | $ | 3,073 |
| $ | 1,031 |
|
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at December 31, 2011 [2] [7] | $ | 504 |
| $ | (1 | ) |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable [1] | | |
Liabilities | Guaranteed Living Benefits [7] | Equity Linked Notes | Total Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable | Other Liabilities | Consumer Notes |
Fair value as of January 1, 2011 | $ | (4,258 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (4,267 | ) | $ | (37 | ) | $ | (5 | ) |
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) | | | | | |
Included in net income [1], [2] | (1,118 | ) | — |
| (1,118 | ) | 28 |
| 1 |
|
Included in OCI [3] | (126 | ) | — |
| (126 | ) | — |
| — |
|
Settlements | (274 | ) | — |
| (274 | ) | — |
| — |
|
Fair value as of December 31, 2011 | $ | (5,776 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (5,785 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (4 | ) |
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at December 31, 2011 [2] [7] | $ | (1,118 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | (1,118 | ) | $ | 28 |
| $ | 1 |
|
| |
[1] | The Company classifies gains and losses on GMWB reinsurance derivatives and Guaranteed Living Benefit embedded derivatives as unrealized gains (losses) for purposes of disclosure in this table because it is impracticable to track on a contract-by-contract basis the realized gains (losses) for these derivatives and embedded derivatives. |
| |
[2] | All amounts in these rows are reported in net realized capital gains (losses). The realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income for separate account assets are offset by an equal amount for separate account liabilities, which results in a net zero impact on net income for the Company. All amounts are before income taxes and amortization of DAC. |
| |
[3] | All amounts are before income taxes and amortization of DAC. |
| |
[4] | Transfers in and/or (out) of Level 3 are primarily attributable to the availability of market observable information and the re-evaluation of the observability of pricing inputs. |
| |
[5] | Derivative instruments are reported in this table on a net basis for asset/(liability) positions and reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in other investments and other liabilities. |
| |
[6] | Includes fair value of reinsurance recoverables of approximately $0.9 billion and $2.6 billion as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, related to a transaction entered into with an affiliated captive reinsurer. See Note 16 - Transactions with Affiliates of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. |
| |
[7] | Includes both market and non-market impacts in deriving realized and unrealized gains (losses). |
| |
[8] | Settlements of other liabilities reflect the removal of liabilities carried at fair value upon the deconsolidation of a variable interest entity. See Note 4 - Investments and Derivative Instruments of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. |
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
Fair Value Option
The Company holds fair value option investments that contain an embedded credit derivative with underlying credit risk primarily related to commercial real estate. Also included are foreign government securities that align with the accounting for yen-based fixed annuity liabilities, which are adjusted for changes in spot rates through realized gains and losses. Similar to other fixed maturities, income earned from these securities is recorded in net investment income. Changes in the fair value of these securities are recorded in net realized capital gains and losses.
In 2012, the Company disposed of substantially all of its interest in a consolidated VIE, resulting in its deconsolidation. See Note 4 - Investments and Derivative Instruments of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information related to the deconsolidation of this VIE. The Company previously elected the fair value option for this consolidated VIE in order to apply a consistent accounting model for the VIE’s assets and liabilities. The VIE is an investment vehicle that holds high quality investments, derivative instruments that reference third-party corporate credit and issues notes to investors that reflect the credit characteristics of the high quality investments and derivative instruments. The risks and rewards associated with the assets of the VIE inure to the investors. The investors have no recourse against the Company. As a result, there was no adjustment to the market value of the notes for the Company’s own credit risk.
The Company elected the fair value option for consolidated VIE investment funds that were established in 2012. The Company elected the fair value option in order to report investments of consolidated investment companies at fair value with changes in the fair value of these securities recognized in net realized capital gains and losses, consistent with Investment Company accounting. The investment funds hold fixed income securities and the Company has management and control of the funds as well as a significant ownership interest.
The following table presents the changes in fair value of those assets and liabilities accounted for using the fair value option reported in net realized capital gains and losses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
|
| | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| 2012 | 2011 |
Assets | | |
Fixed maturities, FVO | | |
Corporate | $ | 9 |
| $ | 10 |
|
CRE CDOs | 64 |
| (33 | ) |
CMBS | (2 | ) | — |
|
Foreign government | (88 | ) | 45 |
|
RMBS | 5 |
| — |
|
Other liabilities | | |
Credit-linked notes | (34 | ) | 28 |
|
Total realized capital gains (losses) | $ | (46 | ) | $ | 50 |
|
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
The following table presents the fair value of assets and liabilities accounted for using the fair value option included in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
|
| | | | | | |
| December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 |
Assets | | |
Fixed maturities, FVO | | |
ABS | $ | — |
| $ | 65 |
|
Corporate | 108 |
| 214 |
|
CRE CDOs | 193 |
| 272 |
|
CMBS | 4 |
| — |
|
Foreign government | 699 |
| 766 |
|
Municipals | 1 |
| — |
|
RMBS | 3 |
| — |
|
U.S. government | 2 |
| — |
|
Total fixed maturities, FVO | $ | 1,010 |
| $ | 1,317 |
|
Other liabilities | | |
Credit-linked notes [1] | $ | — |
| $ | 9 |
|
| |
[1] | As of December 31, 2011, the outstanding principal balance of the notes was $243. |
Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
The following presents carrying amounts and fair values of the Company's financial instruments not carried at fair value, and not included in the above fair value discussion as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 |
| Fair Value Hierarchy Level | Carrying Amount | Fair Value | Carrying Amount | Fair Value |
Assets | | | | | |
Policy loans | Level 3 | 1,951 |
| 2,112 |
| 1,952 |
| 2,099 |
|
Mortgage loans | Level 3 | 4,935 |
| 5,109 |
| 4,182 |
| 4,382 |
|
Liabilities | | | | | |
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable [1]
| Level 3 | 9,318 |
| 9,668 |
| 10,065 |
| 10,959 |
|
Consumer notes [2]
| Level 3 | 159 |
| 159 |
| 310 |
| 305 |
|
| |
[1] | Excludes group accident and health and universal life insurance contracts, including corporate owned life insurance. |
| |
[2] | Excludes amounts carried at fair value and included in disclosures above. |
The Company has not made any changes in its valuation methodologies for the following assets and liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2012 or December 31, 2011.
| |
• | Fair value for policy loans and consumer notes were estimated using discounted cash flow calculations using current interest rates adjusted for estimated loan duration. |
| |
• | Fair values for mortgage loans were estimated using discounted cash flow calculations based on current lending rates for similar type loans. Current lending rates reflect changes in credit spreads and the remaining terms of the loans. |
| |
• | Other policyholder funds and benefits payable, not carried at fair value, is determined by estimating future cash flows, discounted at the current market rate. |
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivative Instruments
Net Investment Income (Loss) |
| | | | | | | | | |
| For the years ended December 31, |
(Before-tax) | 2012 | | 2011 | 2010 |
Fixed maturities [1] | 1,953 |
| | 1,927 |
| 1,967 |
|
Equity securities, AFS | 11 |
| | 10 |
| 14 |
|
Mortgage loans | 248 |
| | 206 |
| 199 |
|
Policy loans | 116 |
| | 128 |
| 129 |
|
Limited partnerships and other alternative investments | 85 |
| | 143 |
| 121 |
|
Other investments [2] | 199 |
| | 231 |
| 254 |
|
Investment expenses | (77 | ) | | (73 | ) | (72 | ) |
Total securities AFS and other | 2,535 |
| | 2,572 |
| 2,612 |
|
Equity securities, trading | 1 |
| | — |
| — |
|
Total net investment income (loss) | 2,536 |
| | $ | 2,572 |
| $ | 2,612 |
|
| |
[1] | Includes net investment income on short-term investments. |
| |
[2] | Includes income from derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting and hedge fixed maturities. |
The net unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities, trading, included in net investment income during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, was $0, $1 and $5, respectively, substantially all of which have corresponding amounts credited to policyholders. These amounts were not included in gross unrealized gains (losses).
Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the years ended December 31, |
(Before-tax) | 2012 | | 2011 | | 2010 |
Gross gains on sales | $ | 478 |
| | $ | 400 |
| | $ | 482 |
|
Gross losses on sales | (278 | ) | | (200 | ) | | (336 | ) |
Net OTTI losses recognized in earnings [1] | (255 | ) | | (125 | ) | | (336 | ) |
Valuation allowances on mortgage loans | 4 |
| | 25 |
| | (108 | ) |
Japanese fixed annuity contract hedges, net [2] | (36 | ) | | 3 |
| | 27 |
|
Periodic net coupon settlements on credit derivatives/Japan | (8 | ) | | — |
| | (3 | ) |
Results of variable annuity hedge program | | | | | |
U.S. GMWB derivatives, net | 519 |
| | (397 | ) | | 89 |
|
U.S. macro hedge program | (340 | ) | | (216 | ) | | (445 | ) |
Total U.S. program | 179 |
| | (613 | ) | | (356 | ) |
International Program | (1,145 | ) | | 639 |
| | (1 | ) |
Total results of variable annuity hedge program | (966 | ) | | 26 |
| | (357 | ) |
GMIB/GMAB/GMWB reinsurance | 1,233 |
| | (326 | ) | | (769 | ) |
Coinsurance and modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts | (1,901 | ) | | 375 |
| | 292 |
|
Other, net [3] | 248 |
| | (255 | ) | | 195 |
|
Net realized capital (losses) | $ | (1,481 | ) | | $ | (77 | ) | | $ | (913 | ) |
| |
[1] | Includes $173 of intent-to-sell impairments relating to the sale of the Retirement Plans and Individual Life businesses. |
| |
[2] | Relates to the Japanese fixed annuity products (adjustment of product liability for changes in spot currency exchange rates, related derivative hedging instruments, excluding net period coupon settlements, and Japan FVO securities). |
| |
[3] | Primarily consists of non-qualifying derivatives, transactional foreign currency re-valuation associated with the internal reinsurance of the Japan variable annuity business, which is offset in AOCI, and Japan 3Win related foreign currency swaps. |
Net realized capital gains and losses from investment sales, after deducting the life and pension policyholders' share for certain products, are reported as a component of revenues and are determined on a specific identification basis. Gross gains and losses on sales and impairments previously reported as unrealized gains in AOCI were $(55), $75 and $(190) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
Sales of Available-for-Sale Securities
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the years ended December 31, |
| 2012 | | 2011 | | 2010 |
Fixed maturities, AFS | | | | | |
Sale proceeds | $ | 23,555 |
| | $ | 19,861 |
| | $ | 27,739 |
|
Gross gains | 521 |
| | 354 |
| | 413 |
|
Gross losses | (270 | ) | | (205 | ) | | (299 | ) |
Equity securities, AFS | | | | | |
Sale proceeds | $ | 133 |
| | $ | 147 |
| | $ | 171 |
|
Gross gains | 15 |
| | 50 |
| | 12 |
|
Gross losses | (5 | ) | | — |
| | (4 | ) |
Sales of AFS securities in 2012 were the result of the reinvestment into spread product well-positioned for modest economic growth, as well as the purposeful reduction of certain exposures.
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment Losses
The following table presents a roll-forward of the Company’s cumulative credit impairments on debt securities held as of December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the years ended December 31, |
(Before-tax) | 2012 | | 2011 | | 2010 |
Balance, beginning of period | $ | (1,319 | ) | | $ | (1,598 | ) | | $ | (1,632 | ) |
Additions for credit impairments recognized on [1]: | | | | | |
Securities not previously impaired | (27 | ) | | (41 | ) | | (181 | ) |
Securities previously impaired | (15 | ) | | (47 | ) | | (122 | ) |
Reductions for credit impairments previously recognized on: | | | | | |
Securities that matured or were sold during the period | 543 |
| | 358 |
| | 314 |
|
Securities due to an increase in expected cash flows | 5 |
| | 9 |
| | 23 |
|
Balance, end of period | $ | (813 | ) | | $ | (1,319 | ) | | $ | (1,598 | ) |
| |
[1] | These additions are included in the net OTTI losses recognized in earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. |
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
Available-for-Sale Securities
The following table presents the Company’s AFS securities by type.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2012 | | December 31, 2011 |
| Cost or Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized Gains | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Non-Credit OTTI [1] | | Cost or Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized Gains | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Non-Credit OTTI [1] |
ABS | $ | 1,807 |
| | $ | 38 |
| | $ | (172 | ) | | $ | 1,673 |
| | $ | (4 | ) | | $ | 2,361 |
| | $ | 38 |
| | $ | (306 | ) | | $ | 2,093 |
| | $ | (3 | ) |
CDOs [2] | 2,236 |
| | 61 |
| | (117 | ) | | 2,160 |
| | (4 | ) | | 2,055 |
| | 15 |
| | (272 | ) | | 1,798 |
| | (29 | ) |
CMBS | 3,757 |
| | 262 |
| | (107 | ) | | 3,912 |
| | (7 | ) | | 4,418 |
| | 169 |
| | (318 | ) | | 4,269 |
| | (19 | ) |
Corporate [2] | 27,774 |
| | 3,426 |
| | (221 | ) | | 30,979 |
| | (19 | ) | | 28,084 |
| | 2,729 |
| | (539 | ) | | 30,229 |
| | — |
|
Foreign govt./govt. agencies | 1,369 |
| | 120 |
| | (29 | ) | | 1,460 |
| | — |
| | 1,121 |
| | 106 |
| | (3 | ) | | 1,224 |
| | — |
|
Municipal | 1,808 |
| | 204 |
| | (14 | ) | | 1,998 |
| | — |
| | 1,504 |
| | 104 |
| | (51 | ) | | 1,557 |
| | — |
|
RMBS | 4,590 |
| | 196 |
| | (115 | ) | | 4,671 |
| | (28 | ) | | 4,069 |
| | 170 |
| | (416 | ) | | 3,823 |
| | (97 | ) |
U.S. Treasuries | 2,412 |
| | 151 |
| | (12 | ) | | 2,551 |
| | — |
| | 2,624 |
| | 162 |
| | (1 | ) | | 2,785 |
| | — |
|
Total fixed maturities, AFS | 45,753 |
| | 4,458 |
| | (787 | ) | | 49,404 |
| | (62 | ) | | 46,236 |
| | 3,493 |
| | (1,906 | ) | | 47,778 |
| | (148 | ) |
Equity securities, AFS | 408 |
| | 28 |
| | (36 | ) | | 400 |
| | — |
| | 443 |
| | 21 |
| | (66 | ) | | 398 |
| | — |
|
Total AFS securities [3] | $ | 46,161 |
| | $ | 4,486 |
| | $ | (823 | ) | | $ | 49,804 |
| | $ | (62 | ) | | $ | 46,679 |
| | $ | 3,514 |
| | $ | (1,972 | ) | | $ | 48,176 |
| | $ | (148 | ) |
| |
[1] | Represents the amount of cumulative non-credit OTTI losses recognized in OCI on securities that also had credit impairments. These losses are included in gross unrealized losses as of December 31, 2012 and 2011. |
| |
[2] | Gross unrealized gains (losses) exclude the fair value of bifurcated embedded derivative features of certain securities. Subsequent changes in value will be recorded in net realized capital gains (losses). |
| |
[3] | Includes fixed maturities, AFS and equity securities, AFS relating to the sales of the Retirement Plans and Individual Life businesses; see Note 2 - Business Dispositions of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of this transaction. |
The following table presents the Company’s fixed maturities, AFS, by contractual maturity year.
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2012 |
Contractual Maturity | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value |
One year or less | $ | 1,223 |
| | $ | 1,233 |
|
Over one year through five years | 9,425 |
| | 9,941 |
|
Over five years through ten years | 8,733 |
| | 9,567 |
|
Over ten years | 13,982 |
| | 16,247 |
|
Subtotal | 33,363 |
| | 36,988 |
|
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | 12,390 |
| | 12,416 |
|
Total fixed maturities, AFS [1] | $ | 45,753 |
| | $ | 49,404 |
|
[1] Includes fixed maturities, AFS relating to the sales of the Retirement Plans and Individual Life businesses; see Note 2 - Business Dispositions of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of this transaction.
Estimated maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to security call or prepayment provisions. Due to the potential for variability in payment spreads (i.e. prepayments or extensions), mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are not categorized by contractual maturity.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company aims to maintain a diversified investment portfolio including issuer, sector and geographic stratification, where applicable, and has established certain exposure limits, diversification standards and review procedures to mitigate credit risk.
As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company was not exposed to any concentration of credit risk of a single issuer greater than 10% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity other than U.S. government and certain U.S. government agencies. As of December 31, 2012, other than U.S. government and certain U.S. government agencies, the Company’s three largest exposures by issuer were the Government of Japan, National Grid PLC and Berkshire Hathaway Inc. which each comprised less than 2.3% of total invested assets. As of December 31, 2011, other than U.S. government and certain U.S. government agencies, the Company’s three largest exposures by issuer were the Government of Japan, the Government of the United Kingdom and AT&T Inc. which each comprised less than 1.2% of total invested assets.
The Company’s three largest exposures by sector as of December 31, 2012 were utilities, financial services, and consumer non-cyclical which comprised approximately 10%, 8% and 8%, respectively, of total invested assets. The Company’s three largest exposures by sector as of December 31, 2011 were commercial real estate, U.S. Treasuries and utilities which comprised approximately 14%, 9% and 9%, respectively, of total invested assets.
Security Unrealized Loss Aging
The following tables present the Company’s unrealized loss aging for AFS securities by type and length of time the security was in a continuous unrealized loss position.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2012 |
| Less Than 12 Months | | 12 Months or More | | Total |
| Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses |
ABS | $ | 77 |
| | $ | 76 |
| | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | 787 |
| | $ | 616 |
| | $ | (171 | ) | | $ | 864 |
| | $ | 692 |
| | $ | (172 | ) |
CDOs [1] | 5 |
| | 5 |
| | — |
| | 1,640 |
| | 1,515 |
| | (117 | ) | | 1,645 |
| | 1,520 |
| | (117 | ) |
CMBS | 192 |
| | 179 |
| | (13 | ) | | 795 |
| | 701 |
| | (94 | ) | | 987 |
| | 880 |
| | (107 | ) |
Corporate | 614 |
| | 578 |
| | (36 | ) | | 1,339 |
| | 1,154 |
| | (185 | ) | | 1,953 |
| | 1,732 |
| | (221 | ) |
Foreign govt./govt. agencies | 318 |
| | 290 |
| | (28 | ) | | 7 |
| | 6 |
| | (1 | ) | | 325 |
| | 296 |
| | (29 | ) |
Municipal | 65 |
| | 62 |
| | (3 | ) | | 98 |
| | 87 |
| | (11 | ) | | 163 |
| | 149 |
| | (14 | ) |
RMBS | 322 |
| | 321 |
| | (1 | ) | | 750 |
| | 636 |
| | (114 | ) | | 1,072 |
| | 957 |
| | (115 | ) |
U.S. Treasuries | 384 |
| | 372 |
| | (12 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 384 |
| | 372 |
| | (12 | ) |
Total fixed maturities | 1,977 |
| | 1,883 |
| | (94 | ) | | 5,416 |
| | 4,715 |
| | (693 | ) | | 7,393 |
| | 6,598 |
| | (787 | ) |
Equity securities | 9 |
| | 9 |
| | — |
| | 172 |
| | 136 |
| | (36 | ) | | 181 |
| | 145 |
| | (36 | ) |
Total securities in an unrealized loss | $ | 1,986 |
| | $ | 1,892 |
| | $ | (94 | ) | | $ | 5,588 |
| | $ | 4,851 |
| | $ | (729 | ) | | $ | 7,574 |
| | $ | 6,743 |
| | $ | (823 | ) |
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2011 |
| Less Than 12 Months | | 12 Months or More | | Total |
| Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses |
ABS | $ | 420 |
| | $ | 385 |
| | $ | (35 | ) | | $ | 1,002 |
| | $ | 731 |
| | $ | (271 | ) | | $ | 1,422 |
| | $ | 1,116 |
| | $ | (306 | ) |
CDOs [1] | 80 |
| | 58 |
| | (22 | ) | | 1,956 |
| | 1,706 |
| | (250 | ) | | 2,036 |
| | 1,764 |
| | (272 | ) |
CMBS | 911 |
| | 830 |
| | (81 | ) | | 1,303 |
| | 1,066 |
| | (237 | ) | | 2,214 |
| | 1,896 |
| | (318 | ) |
Corporate [1] | 2,942 |
| | 2,823 |
| | (119 | ) | | 2,353 |
| | 1,889 |
| | (420 | ) | | 5,295 |
| | 4,712 |
| | (539 | ) |
Foreign govt./govt. agencies | 24 |
| | 23 |
| | (1 | ) | | 40 |
| | 38 |
| | (2 | ) | | 64 |
| | 61 |
| | (3 | ) |
Municipal | 202 |
| | 199 |
| | (3 | ) | | 348 |
| | 300 |
| | (48 | ) | | 550 |
| | 499 |
| | (51 | ) |
RMBS | 355 |
| | 271 |
| | (84 | ) | | 1,060 |
| | 728 |
| | (332 | ) | | 1,415 |
| | 999 |
| | (416 | ) |
U.S. Treasuries | 185 |
| | 184 |
| | (1 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 185 |
| | 184 |
| | (1 | ) |
Total fixed maturities | 5,119 |
| | 4,773 |
| | (346 | ) | | 8,062 |
| | 6,458 |
| | (1,560 | ) | | 13,181 |
| | 11,231 |
| | (1,906 | ) |
Equity securities | 115 |
| | 90 |
| | (25 | ) | | 104 |
| | 63 |
| | (41 | ) | | 219 |
| | 153 |
| | (66 | ) |
Total securities in an unrealized loss | $ | 5,234 |
| | $ | 4,863 |
| | $ | (371 | ) | | $ | 8,166 |
| | $ | 6,521 |
| | $ | (1,601 | ) | | $ | 13,400 |
| | $ | 11,384 |
| | $ | (1,972 | ) |
| |
[1] | Unrealized losses exclude the fair value of bifurcated embedded derivative features of certain securities. Subsequent changes in value will be recorded in net realized capital gains (losses). |
As of December 31, 2012, AFS securities in an unrealized loss position, comprised of 1,244 securities, primarily related to corporate securities primarily within the financial services sector, CMBS, RMBS, ABS and CDOs. which have experienced significant price deterioration. As of December 31, 2012, 83% of these securities were depressed less than 20% of cost or amortized cost. The decline in unrealized losses during 2012 was primarily attributable to credit spreads tightening and a decline in interest rates.
Most of the securities depressed for twelve months or more relate to structured securities with exposure to commercial and residential real estate, ABS backed by student loans, as well as certain floating rate corporate securities or those securities with greater than 10 years to maturity, concentrated in the financial services sector. Current market spreads continue to be significantly wider for structured securities with exposure to commercial and residential real estate, as compared to spreads at the security’s respective purchase date, largely due to the economic and market uncertainties regarding future performance of commercial and residential real estate. In addition, the majority of securities have a floating-rate coupon referenced to a market index where rates have declined substantially. The Company neither has an intention to sell nor does it expect to be required to sell the securities outlined above.
Mortgage Loans
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2012 | | December 31, 2011 |
| Amortized Cost [1] | | Valuation Allowance | | Carrying Value | | Amortized Cost [1] | | Valuation Allowance | | Carrying Value |
Commercial | $ | 4,949 |
| | $ | (14 | ) | | $ | 4,935 |
| | $ | 4,205 |
| | $ | (23 | ) | | $ | 4,182 |
|
Total mortgage loans [2] | $ | 4,949 |
| | $ | (14 | ) | | $ | 4,935 |
| | $ | 4,205 |
| | $ | (23 | ) | | $ | 4,182 |
|
| |
[1] | Amortized cost represents carrying value prior to valuation allowances, if any. |
| |
[2] | Includes commercial mortgage loans relating to the sales of the Retirement Plans and Individual Life businesses; see Note 2 - Business Dispositions of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of this transaction. |
As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the carrying value of mortgage loans associated with the valuation allowance was $189 and $347, respectively. Included in the table above are mortgage loans held-for-sale with a carrying value and valuation allowance of $47 and $3, respectively, as of December 31, 2012 and $57 and $4, respectively, as of December 31, 2011. The carrying value of these loans is included in mortgage loans in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2012, loans within the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio that have had extensions or restructurings other than what is allowable under the original terms of the contract are immaterial.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
The following table presents the activity within the Company’s valuation allowance for mortgage loans. These loans have been evaluated both individually and collectively for impairment. Loans evaluated collectively for impairment are immaterial.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the years ended December 31, |
| 2012 | | 2011 | | 2010 |
Balance as of January 1 | $ | (23 | ) | | $ | (62 | ) | | $ | (260 | ) |
(Additions)/Reversals | 4 |
| | 25 |
| | (108 | ) |
Deductions | 5 |
| | 14 |
| | 306 |
|
Balance as of December 31 | $ | (14 | ) | | $ | (23 | ) | | $ | (62 | ) |
The current weighted-average LTV ratio of the Company’s commercial mortgage loan portfolio was 61% as of December 31, 2012, while the weighted-average LTV ratio at origination of these loans was 63%. LTV ratios compare the loan amount to the value of the underlying property collateralizing the loan. The loan values are updated no less than annually through property level reviews of the portfolio. Factors considered in the property valuation include, but are not limited to, actual and expected property cash flows, geographic market data and capitalization rates. DSCRs compare a property’s net operating income to the borrower’s principal and interest payments. The current weighted average DSCR of the Company’s commercial mortgage loan portfolio was 2.34x as of December 31, 2012. The Company held only one delinquent commercial mortgage loan past due by 90 days or more with a carrying value and valuation allowance of $32 and $0, respectively, as of December 31, 2012 and is not accruing income.
The following table presents the carrying value of the Company’s commercial mortgage loans by LTV and DSCR.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial Mortgage Loans Credit Quality |
| December 31, 2012 | | December 31, 2011 |
Loan-to-value | Carrying Value | | Avg. Debt-Service Coverage Ratio | | Carrying Value | | Avg. Debt-Service Coverage Ratio |
Greater than 80% | $ | 137 |
| | 0.89x | | $ | 422 |
| | 1.67x |
65% - 80% | 1,717 |
| | 2.27x | | 1,779 |
| | 1.57x |
Less than 65% | 3,081 |
| | 2.44x | | 1,981 |
| | 2.45x |
Total commercial mortgage loans | $ | 4,935 |
| | 2.34x | | $ | 4,182 |
| | 1.99x |
The following tables present the carrying value of the Company’s mortgage loans by region and property type.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage Loans by Region |
| December 31, 2012 | | December 31, 2011 |
| Carrying Value | | Percent of Total | | Carrying Value | | Percent of Total |
East North Central | $ | 97 |
| | 2.0% | | $ | 59 |
| | 1.4% |
Middle Atlantic | 370 |
| | 7.5% | | 401 |
| | 9.6% |
Mountain | 62 |
| | 1.3% | | 61 |
| | 1.5% |
New England | 231 |
| | 4.7% | | 202 |
| | 4.8% |
Pacific | 1,504 |
| | 30.5% | | 1,268 |
| | 30.3% |
South Atlantic | 1,012 |
| | 20.5% | | 810 |
| | 19.4% |
West North Central | 16 |
| | 0.3% | | 16 |
| | 0.4% |
West South Central | 234 |
| | 4.7% | | 115 |
| | 2.7% |
Other [1] | 1,409 |
| | 28.5% | | 1,250 |
| | 29.9% |
Total mortgage loans | $ | 4,935 |
| | 100.0% | | $ | 4,182 |
| | 100.0% |
| |
[1] | Primarily represents loans collateralized by multiple properties in various regions. |
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage Loans by Property Type |
| December 31, 2012 | | December 31, 2011 |
| Carrying Value | | Percent of Total | | Carrying Value | | Percent of Total |
Commercial | | | | | | | |
Agricultural | $ | 109 |
| | 2.2 | % | | $ | 127 |
| | 3.0 | % |
Industrial | 1,519 |
| | 30.8 | % | | 1,262 |
| | 30.1 | % |
Lodging | 81 |
| | 1.6 | % | | 84 |
| | 2.0 | % |
Multifamily | 869 |
| | 17.6 | % | | 734 |
| | 17.6 | % |
Office | 1,120 |
| | 22.7 | % | | 836 |
| | 20.0 | % |
Retail | 1,047 |
| | 21.2 | % | | 918 |
| | 22.0 | % |
Other | 190 |
| | 3.9 | % | | 221 |
| | 5.3 | % |
Total mortgage loans | $ | 4,935 |
| | 100.0 | % | | $ | 4,182 |
| | 100.0 | % |
Variable Interest Entities
The Company is involved with various special purpose entities and other entities that are deemed to be VIEs primarily as a collateral manager and as an investor through normal investment activities, as well as a means of accessing capital. A VIE is an entity that either has investors that lack certain essential characteristics of a controlling financial interest or lacks sufficient funds to finance its own activities without financial support provided by other entities.
The Company performs ongoing qualitative assessments of its VIEs to determine whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in the VIE and therefore is the primary beneficiary. The Company is deemed to have a controlling financial interest when it has both the ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Based on the Company’s assessment, if it determines it is the primary beneficiary, the Company consolidates the VIE in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Consolidated VIEs
The following table presents the carrying value of assets and liabilities, and the maximum exposure to loss relating to the VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Creditors have no recourse against the Company in the event of default by these VIEs nor does the Company have any implied or unfunded commitments to these VIEs. The Company’s financial or other support provided to these VIEs is limited to its investment management services and original investment.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2012 | | December 31, 2011 |
| Total Assets | | Total Liabilities [1] | | Maximum Exposure to Loss [2] | | Total Assets | | Total Liabilities [1] | | Maximum Exposure to Loss [2] |
CDOs [3] | $ | 89 |
| | $ | 88 |
| | $ | 7 |
| | $ | 491 |
| | $ | 474 |
| | $ | 25 |
|
Investment funds [4] | 132 |
| | 20 |
| | 110 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Limited partnerships | 6 |
| | 3 |
| | 3 |
| | 7 |
| | 3 |
| | 4 |
|
Total | $ | 227 |
| | $ | 111 |
| | $ | 120 |
| | $ | 498 |
| | $ | 477 |
| | $ | 29 |
|
| |
[1] | Included in other liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
| |
[2] | The maximum exposure to loss represents the maximum loss amount that the Company could recognize as a reduction in net investment income or as a realized capital loss and is the cost basis of the Company’s investment. |
| |
[3] | Total assets included in fixed maturities, AFS in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
| |
[4] | Total assets included in fixed maturities, FVO in the Company's Consolidated Balances Sheets. |
CDOs represent structured investment vehicles for which the Company has a controlling financial interest as it provides collateral management services, earns a fee for those services and also holds investments in the securities issued by these vehicles. Investment funds represents wholly-owned fixed income funds established in 2012 for which the Company has exclusive management and control including management of investment securities which is the activity that most significantly impacts its economic performance. Limited partnerships represent one hedge fund for which the Company holds a majority interest in the fund as an investment.
In 2012, the Company disposed of substantially all of its interest in a consolidated VIE. Upon disposition, the Company determined that it was no longer the primary beneficiary of the VIE. Therefore, the investment was deconsolidated as of the disposition date in the fourth quarter of 2012. The deconsolidation of the VIE resulted in a decrease in assets of $344, liabilities of $319, and a maximum exposure to loss of $6 at the time of disposal. The deconsolidation did not have a significant impact on the Company's results from operations.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
Non-Consolidated VIEs
The Company does not hold any investments issued by VIEs for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary as of December 31, 2012 and 2011. In addition, the Company, through normal investment activities, makes passive investments in structured securities issued by VIEs for which the Company is not the manager which are included in ABS, CDOs, CMBS and RMBS in the Available-for-Sale Securities table and fixed maturities, FVO, in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has not provided financial or other support with respect to these investments other than its original investment. For these investments, the Company determined it is not the primary beneficiary due to the relative size of the Company’s investment in comparison to the principal amount of the structured securities issued by the VIEs, the level of credit subordination which reduces the Company’s obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits and the Company’s inability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIEs. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on these investments is limited to the amount of the Company’s investment.
Equity Method Investments
The Company has investments in limited partnerships and other alternative investments which include hedge funds, mortgage and real estate funds, mezzanine debt funds, and private equity and other funds (collectively, “limited partnerships”). These investments are accounted for under the equity method and the Company’s maximum exposure to loss as of December 31, 2012 is limited to the total carrying value of $1.4 billion. In addition, the Company has outstanding commitments totaling approximately $269, to fund limited partnership and other alternative investments as of December 31, 2012. The Company’s investments in limited partnerships are generally of a passive nature in that the Company does not take an active role in the management of the limited partnerships. In 2012, aggregate investment income (losses) from limited partnerships and other alternative investments exceeded 10% of the Company’s pre-tax consolidated net income. Accordingly, the Company is disclosing aggregated summarized financial data for the Company’s limited partnership investments. This aggregated summarized financial data does not represent the Company’s proportionate share of limited partnership assets or earnings. Aggregate total assets of the limited partnerships in which the Company invested totaled $75.3 billion and $75.7 billion as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Aggregate total liabilities of the limited partnerships in which the Company invested totaled $9.6 billion and $13.8 billion as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Aggregate net investment income (loss) of the limited partnerships in which the Company invested totaled $0.9 billion, $1.2 billion and $927 for the periods ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Aggregate net income (loss) of the limited partnerships in which the Company invested totaled $6.5 billion, $8.1 billion, and $9.7 billion for the periods ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. As of, and for the period ended, December 31, 2012, the aggregated summarized financial data reflects the latest available financial information.
Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements
The Company enters into repurchase agreements and dollar roll transactions to earn incremental income. A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which one party (transferor) agrees to sell securities to another party (transferee) in return for cash (or securities), with a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the same securities at a specified price at a later date. A dollar roll is a type of repurchase transaction where a mortgage backed security is sold with an agreement to repurchase substantially the same security at specified time in the future. These transactions are generally short-term in nature, and therefore, the carrying amounts of these instruments approximate fair value.
As part of repurchase agreements and dollar roll transactions, the Company transfers U.S. government and government agency securities and receives cash. For the repurchase agreements, the Company obtains collateral in an amount equal to at least 95% of the fair value of the securities transferred, and the agreements with third parties contain contractual provisions to allow for additional collateral to be obtained when necessary. The cash received from the repurchase program is typically invested in short-term investments or fixed maturities. The Company accounts for the repurchase agreements and dollar roll transactions as collateralized borrowings. The securities transferred under repurchase agreements and dollar roll transactions are included in fixed maturities, available-for-sale with the obligation to repurchase those securities recorded in Other Liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of the securities transferred was $1.6 billion with a corresponding agreement to repurchase $1.6 billion as of December 31, 2012. Securities sold under agreement to repurchase were $1.6 billion as of December 31, 2012.
The Company's repurchase agreements include master netting provisions that provide the counterparties the right to set off claims and apply securities held by them in respect of their obligations in the event of a default. The Company reported a gross amount of recognized liabilities of $923 in other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance sheet as of December 31, 2012. This amount represents the Company's obligations to repurchase securities under master netting agreements. The Company reported financial collateral pledged of $923 in fixed maturities, AFS on the Condensed Consolidated Balance sheet as of December 31, 2012. The fixed maturities are predominantly U.S. government/government agency securities and are disallowed for offsetting under U.S. GAAP.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
Derivative Instruments
The Company utilizes a variety of over-the-counter and exchange traded derivative instruments as a part of its overall risk management strategy, as well as to enter into replication transactions. Derivative instruments are used to manage risk associated with interest rate, equity market, credit spread, issuer default, price, and currency exchange rate risk or volatility. Replication transactions are used as an economical means to synthetically replicate the characteristics and performance of assets that would be permissible investments under the Company's investment policies. The Company also purchases and issues financial instruments and products that either are accounted for as free-standing derivatives, such as certain reinsurance contracts, or may contain features that are deemed to be embedded derivative instruments, such as the GMWB rider included with certain variable annuity products.
Strategies that qualify for hedge accounting
Certain derivatives the Company enters into satisfy the hedge accounting requirements as outlined in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Typically, these hedge relationships include interest rate and foreign currency swaps where the terms or expected cash flows of the securities closely match the “pay” leg terms of the swap. The swaps are typically used to manage interest rate duration of certain fixed maturity securities, or liability contracts, or convert securities ,or liabilities denominated in a foreign currency to US dollars. The hedge strategies by hedge accounting designation include:
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps are predominantly used to manage portfolio duration and better match cash receipts from assets with cash disbursements required to fund liabilities. These derivatives convert interest receipts on floating-rate fixed maturity securities or interest payments on floating-rate guaranteed investment contracts to fixed rates. The Company also enters into forward starting swap agreements primarily to hedge interest rate risk inherent in the assumptions used to price certain liabilities.
Foreign currency swaps are used to convert foreign currency-denominated cash flows related to certain investment receipts and liability payments to U.S. dollars in order to reduce cash flow fluctuations due to changes in currency rates.
Fair value hedges
Interest rate swaps are used to hedge the changes in fair value of certain fixed rate liabilities and fixed maturity securities due to fluctuations in interest rates. Foreign currency swaps are used to hedge the changes in fair value of certain foreign currency-denominated fixed rate liabilities due to changes in foreign currency rates by swapping the fixed foreign payments to floating rate U.S. dollar denominated payments.
Non-qualifying strategies
Derivative relationships that do not qualify for hedge accounting or “non-qualifying strategies” primarily include the hedge programs for our U.S. and international variable annuity products, as well as the hedging and replication strategies through the use of credit default swaps. In addition, hedges of interest rate and foreign currency risk of certain fixed maturities and liabilities do not qualify for hedge accounting. These non-qualifying strategies include:
Interest rate swaps, swaptions, caps, floors, and futures
The Company uses interest rate swaps, swaptions, caps, floors, and futures to manage duration between assets and liabilities in certain investment portfolios. In addition, the Company enters into interest rate swaps to terminate existing swaps, thereby offsetting the changes in value of the original swap. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the notional amount of interest rate swaps in offsetting relationships was $5.1 billion.
Foreign currency swaps and forwards
The Company enters into foreign currency swaps and forwards to convert the foreign currency exposures of certain foreign currency-denominated fixed maturity investments to U.S. dollars.
Japan 3Win foreign currency swaps
Prior to the second quarter of 2009, the Company offered a yen denominated fixed annuity product through a wholly-owned Japanese subsidiary and reinsured to a wholly-owned U.S. subsidiary. The U.S. subsidiary invests in U.S. dollar denominated securities to support the yen denominated fixed liability payments and entered into currency rate swaps to hedge the foreign currency exchange rate and yen interest rate exposures that exist as a result of U.S. dollar assets backing the yen denominated liability.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
Japanese fixed annuity hedging instruments
Prior to the second quarter of 2009, the Company offered a yen denominated fixed annuity product through a wholly-owned Japanese subsidiary and reinsured to a wholly-owned U.S. subsidiary. The U.S. subsidiary invests in U.S. dollar denominated securities to support the yen denominated fixed liability payments and entered into currency rate swaps to hedge the foreign currency exchange rate and yen interest rate exposures that exist as a result of U.S. dollar assets backing the yen denominated liability.
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps are used to purchase credit protection on an individual entity or referenced index to economically hedge against default risk and credit-related changes in value on fixed maturity securities. Credit default swaps are also used to assume credit risk related to an individual entity, referenced index, or asset pool, as a part of replication transactions. These contracts require the Company to pay or receive a periodic fee in exchange for compensation from the counterparty should the referenced security issuers experience a credit event, as defined in the contract. The Company is also exposed to credit risk related to credit derivatives embedded within certain fixed maturity securities. These securities are primarily comprised of structured securities that contain credit derivatives that reference a standard index of corporate securities. In addition, the Company enters into credit default swaps to terminate existing credit default swaps, thereby offsetting the changes in value of the original swap going forward.
Equity index swaps and options
The Company formerly offered certain equity indexed products, which may contain an embedded derivative that requires bifurcation. The Company enters into S&P index swaps and options to economically hedge the equity volatility risk associated with these embedded derivatives. The Company also enters into equity index options and futures with the purpose of hedging the impact of an adverse equity market environment on the investment portfolio.
U.S GMWB derivatives, net
The Company formerly offered certain variable annuity products with GMWB riders in the U.S. The GMWB product is a bifurcated embedded derivative (“U.S. GMWB product derivative”) that has a notional value equal to the GRB. The Company uses reinsurance contracts to transfer a portion of its risk of loss due to U.S GMWB. The reinsurance contracts covering U.S. GMWB (“U.S. GMWB reinsurance contracts”) are accounted for as free-standing derivatives with a notional amount equal to the GRB amount.
The Company utilizes derivatives (“ U.S. GMWB hedging derivatives”) as part of an actively managed program designed to hedge a portion of the capital market risk exposures of the un-reinsured GMWB due to changes in interest rates, equity market levels, and equity volatility. These derivatives include customized swaps, interest rate swaps and futures, and equity swaps, options, and futures, on certain indices including the S&P 500 index, EAFE index, and NASDAQ index. The following table represents notional and fair value for U.S. GMWB hedging instruments.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Notional Amount | | Fair Value |
| December 31, 2012 | | December 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2012 | | December 31, 2011 |
Customized swaps | $ | 7,787 |
| | $ | 8,389 |
| | $ | 238 |
| | $ | 385 |
|
Equity swaps, options, and futures | 5,130 |
| | 5,320 |
| | 267 |
| | 498 |
|
Interest rate swaps and futures | 5,705 |
| | 2,697 |
| | 67 |
| | 11 |
|
Total | $ | 18,622 |
| | $ | 16,406 |
| | $ | 572 |
| | $ | 894 |
|
U.S. macro hedge program
The Company utilizes equity options and futures contracts to partially hedge against a decline in the equity markets and the resulting statutory surplus and capital impact primarily arising from GMDB and GMWB obligations. The following table represents notional and fair value for the U.S. macro hedge program.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Notional Amount | | Fair Value |
| December 31, 2012 | | December 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2012 | | December 31, 2011 |
Equity futures | $ | — |
| | $ | 59 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Equity options | 7,442 |
| | 6,760 |
| | 286 |
| | 357 |
|
Total | $ | 7,442 |
| | $ | 6,819 |
| | $ | 286 |
| | $ | 357 |
|
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
International program
The Company formerly offered certain variable annuity products in the U.K. and Japan with GMWB or GMAB riders, which are bifurcated embedded derivatives (“International program product derivatives”). The GMWB provides the policyholder with a GRB if the account value is reduced to zero through a combination of market declines and withdrawals. The GRB is generally equal to premiums less withdrawals. Certain contract provisions can increase the GRB at contract holder election or after the passage of time. The GMAB provides the policyholder with their initial deposit in a lump sum after a specified waiting period. The notional amount of the International program product derivatives are the foreign currency denominated GRBs converted to U.S. dollars at the current foreign spot exchange rate as of the reporting period date.
The Company enters into derivative contracts (“International program hedging instruments”) to hedge a portion of the capital market risk exposures associated with the guaranteed benefits associated with the international variable annuity contracts. The hedging derivatives are comprised of equity futures, options, and swaps and currency forwards and options to partially hedge against a decline in the debt and equity markets or changes in foreign currency exchange rates and the resulting statutory surplus and capital impact primarily arising from GMDB, GMIB and GMWB obligations issued in the U.K. and Japan. The Company also enters into foreign currency denominated interest rate swaps and swaptions to hedge the interest rate exposure related to the potential annuitization of certain benefit obligations. The following table represents notional and fair value for the international program hedging instruments.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Notional Amount | | Fair Value |
| December 31, 2012 | | December 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2012 | | December 31, 2011 |
Credit derivatives | 350 |
| | — |
| | 28 |
| | — |
|
Currency forwards [1] | 9,327 |
| | 8,622 |
| | (87 | ) | | 446 |
|
Currency options | 9,710 |
| | 7,038 |
| | (49 | ) | | 72 |
|
Equity futures | 1,206 |
| | 2,691 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Equity options | 2,621 |
| | 1,120 |
| | (105 | ) | | (3 | ) |
Equity swaps | 2,683 |
| | 392 |
| | (12 | ) | | (8 | ) |
Customized swaps | 899 |
| | — |
| | (11 | ) | | — |
|
Interest rate futures | 634 |
| | 739 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Interest rate swaps and swaptions | 21,018 |
| | 8,117 |
| | 131 |
| | 35 |
|
Total | $ | 48,448 |
| | $ | 28,719 |
| | $ | (105 | ) | | $ | 542 |
|
| |
[1] | As of December 31, 2012 and 2011 net notional amounts are $0.1 billion and $7.2 billion, respectively, which include $4.7 billion and $7.9 billion, respectively, related to long positions and $4.6 billion and $0.7 billion, respectively, related to short positions. |
GMAB, GMWB and GMIB reinsurance contracts
The Company reinsured the GMAB, GMWB, and GMIB embedded derivatives for host variable annuity contracts written by HLIKK. The reinsurance contracts are accounted for as free-standing derivative contracts. The notional amount of the reinsurance contracts is the yen denominated GRB balance value converted at the period-end yen to U.S. dollar foreign spot exchange rate. For further information on this transaction, refer to Note 16 - Transactions with Affiliates of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Coinsurance and modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts
During 2010, a subsidiary entered into a coinsurance with funds withheld and modified coinsurance reinsurance agreement with an affiliated captive reinsurer, which creates an embedded derivative. In addition, provisions of this agreement include reinsurance to cede a portion of direct written U.S. GMWB riders, which is accounted for as an embedded derivative. Additional provisions of this agreement cede variable annuity contract GMAB, GMWB and GMIB riders reinsured by the Company that have been assumed from HLIKK and is accounted for as a free-standing derivative. For further information on this transaction, refer to Note 16 - Transactions with Affiliates of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Derivative Balance Sheet Classification
The table below summarizes the balance sheet classification of the Company’s derivative related fair value amounts, as well as the gross asset and liability fair value amounts. The fair value amounts presented do not include income accruals or cash collateral held amounts, which are netted with derivative fair value amounts to determine balance sheet presentation. Derivatives in the Company’s separate accounts are not included because the associated gains and losses accrue directly to policyholders. The Company’s derivative instruments are held for risk management purposes, unless otherwise noted in the table below. The notional amount of derivative contracts represents the basis upon which pay or receive amounts are calculated and is presented in the table to quantify the volume of the Company’s derivative activity. Notional amounts are not necessarily reflective of credit risk.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net Derivatives | | Asset Derivatives | | Liability Derivatives |
| Notional Amount | | Fair Value | | Fair Value | | Fair Value |
Hedge Designation/ Derivative Type | Dec 31, 2012 | | Dec 31, 2011 | | Dec 31, 2012 | | Dec 31, 2011 | | Dec 31, 2012 | | Dec 31, 2011 | | Dec 31, 2012 | | Dec 31, 2011 |
Cash flow hedges | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 3,863 |
| | $ | 6,339 |
| | $ | 167 |
| | $ | 276 |
| | $ | 167 |
| | $ | 276 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Foreign currency swaps | 163 |
| | 229 |
| | (17 | ) | | (5 | ) | | 3 |
| | 17 |
| | (20 | ) | | (22 | ) |
Total cash flow hedges | 4,026 |
| | 6,568 |
| | 150 |
| | 271 |
| | 170 |
| | 293 |
| | (20 | ) | | (22 | ) |
Fair value hedges | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps | 753 |
| | 1,007 |
| | (55 | ) | | (78 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (55 | ) | | (78 | ) |
Foreign currency swaps | 40 |
| | 677 |
| | 16 |
| | (39 | ) | | 16 |
| | 64 |
| | — |
| | (103 | ) |
Total fair value hedges | 793 |
| | 1,684 |
| | (39 | ) | | (117 | ) | | 16 |
| | 64 |
| | (55 | ) | | (181 | ) |
Non-qualifying strategies | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps, swaptions, caps, floors, and futures | 13,432 |
| | 6,252 |
| | (363 | ) | | (435 | ) | | 436 |
| | 417 |
| | (799 | ) | | (852 | ) |
Foreign exchange contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign currency swaps and forwards | 182 |
| | 208 |
| | (9 | ) | | (10 | ) | | 5 |
| | 3 |
| | (14 | ) | | (13 | ) |
Japan 3Win foreign currency swaps | 1,816 |
| | 2,054 |
| | (127 | ) | | 184 |
| | — |
| | 184 |
| | (127 | ) | | — |
|
Japanese fixed annuity hedging instruments | 1,652 |
| | 1,945 |
| | 224 |
| | 514 |
| | 228 |
| | 540 |
| | (4 | ) | | (26 | ) |
Credit contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit derivatives that purchase credit protection | 1,539 |
| | 1,134 |
| | (5 | ) | | 23 |
| | 3 |
| | 35 |
| | (8 | ) | | (12 | ) |
Credit derivatives that assume credit risk [1] | 1,981 |
| | 2,212 |
| | (8 | ) | | (545 | ) | | 17 |
| | 2 |
| | (25 | ) | | (547 | ) |
Credit derivatives in offsetting positions | 5,341 |
| | 5,020 |
| | (22 | ) | | (43 | ) | | 56 |
| | 101 |
| | (78 | ) | | (144 | ) |
Equity contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity index swaps and options | 791 |
| | 1,433 |
| | 35 |
| | 23 |
| | 45 |
| | 36 |
| | (10 | ) | | (13 | ) |
Variable annuity hedge program | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. GMWB product derivative [2] | 28,868 |
| | 34,569 |
| | (1,249 | ) | | (2,538 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (1,249 | ) | | (2,538 | ) |
U.S. GMWB reinsurance contracts | 5,773 |
| | 7,193 |
| | 191 |
| | 443 |
| | 191 |
| | 443 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
U.S. GMWB hedging instruments | 18,622 |
| | 16,406 |
| | 572 |
| | 894 |
| | 743 |
| | 1,022 |
| | (171 | ) | | (128 | ) |
U.S. macro hedge program | 7,442 |
| | 6,819 |
| | 286 |
| | 357 |
| | 356 |
| | 357 |
| | (70 | ) | | — |
|
International program product derivatives [2] | 1,876 |
| | 2,009 |
| | (42 | ) | | (30 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (42 | ) | | (30 | ) |
International program hedging instruments | 48,448 |
| | 28,719 |
| | (105 | ) | | 542 |
| | 657 |
| | 672 |
| | (762 | ) | | (130 | ) |
Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
GMAB, GMWB, and GMIB reinsurance contracts | 18,287 |
| | 21,627 |
| | (1,827 | ) | | (3,207 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (1,827 | ) | | (3,207 | ) |
Coinsurance and modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts | 44,985 |
| | 50,756 |
| | 890 |
| | 2,630 |
| | 1,566 |
| | 2,901 |
| | (676 | ) | | (271 | ) |
Total non-qualifying strategies | 201,035 |
| | 188,356 |
| | (1,559 | ) | | (1,198 | ) | | 4,303 |
| | 6,713 |
| | (5,862 | ) | | (7,911 | ) |
Total cash flow hedges, fair value hedges, and non-qualifying strategies | $ | 205,854 |
| | $ | 196,608 |
| | $ | (1,448 | ) | | $ | (1,044 | ) | | $ | 4,489 |
| | $ | 7,070 |
| | $ | (5,937 | ) | | $ | (8,114 | ) |
Balance Sheet Location | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale | $ | 416 |
| | $ | 416 |
| | $ | (20 | ) | | $ | (45 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | (20 | ) | | $ | (45 | ) |
Other investments | 37,809 |
| | 51,231 |
| | 581 |
| | 1,971 |
| | 1,049 |
| | 2,745 |
| | (468 | ) | | (774 | ) |
Other liabilities | 67,765 |
| | 28,717 |
| | 38 |
| | (254 | ) | | 1,683 |
| | 981 |
| | (1,645 | ) | | (1,235 | ) |
Consumer notes | 26 |
| | 35 |
| | (2 | ) | | (4 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (2 | ) | | (4 | ) |
Reinsurance recoverable | 47,430 |
| | 55,140 |
| | 1,081 |
| | 3,073 |
| | 1,757 |
| | 3,344 |
| | (676 | ) | | (271 | ) |
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable | 52,408 |
| | 61,069 |
| | (3,126 | ) | | (5,785 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (3,126 | ) | | (5,785 | ) |
Total derivatives | $ | 205,854 |
| | $ | 196,608 |
| | $ | (1,448 | ) | | $ | (1,044 | ) | | $ | 4,489 |
| | $ | 7,070 |
| | $ | (5,937 | ) | | $ | (8,114 | ) |
| |
[1] | The derivative instruments related to this strategy are held for other investment purposes. |
| |
[2] | These derivatives are embedded within liabilities and are not held for risk management purposes. |
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
Change in Notional Amount
The net increase in notional amount of derivatives since December 31, 2011, was primarily due to the following:
| |
• | The $48.4 billion notional amount related to the international program hedging instruments as of December 31, 2012, consisted of $43.8 billion of long positions and $4.6 billion of offsetting short positions, resulting in a net notional amount of $39.2 billion. The $28.7 billion notional amount as of December 31, 2011, consisted of $28.0 billion of long positions and $0.7 billion of offsetting short positions, resulting in a net notional amount of $27.3 billion. The increase in net notional of $11.9 billion primarily resulted from the Company increasing its hedging of interest rate exposure. |
Change in Fair Value
The decline in the total fair value of derivative instruments since December 31, 2011, was primarily related to the following:
| |
• | The fair value related to the international program hedging instruments decreased as a result of the improvement in global equity markets and the depreciation of the Japanese yen in relation to the euro and the U.S. dollar |
| |
• | The fair value related to the Japanese fixed annuity hedging instruments and Japan 3Win foreign currency swaps decreased primarily due to the strengthening of the currency basis swap spread between U.S. dollar and Japanese yen, a decline in U.S. interest rates, and depreciation of the Japanese yen in relation to the U.S. dollar. |
| |
• | The increase in fair value related to the combined GMWB hedging program, which includes the GMWB product, reinsurance, and hedging derivatives, was primarily due to a liability model assumption update, outperformance of the underlying actively managed funds as compared to their respective indices and lower equity market volatility. |
| |
• | The increase in fair value related to credit derivatives that assume credit risk was primarily due to credit spread tightening and to the disposition of substantially all of the Company's interest in a consolidated VIE that contained a credit derivative. For more information on the disposition, see the Variable Interest Entity section of this footnote. |
| |
• | GMAB, GMWB and GMIB reinsurance contracts represent the guarantees that are internally reinsured from HLIKK. The fair value of these liabilities has improved as a result of a sustained recovery in the equity markets, exchange rates, interest rates and volatility. For a discussion related to the reinsurance agreement refer to Note 16 - Transactions with Affiliates of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on this transaction. |
| |
• | The Coinsurance and modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts represents U.S. and International guarantees that are ceded to an affiliate. The primary driver of the decline in the fair value of these derivatives is a result of changes in the unrealized gains/losses of the underlying portfolios associated with these contract. For a discussion related to the reinsurance agreement refer to Note 16 - Transactions with Affiliates of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on this transaction. |
Offsetting of Derivative Assets/Liabilities
The following tables present the gross fair value amounts, the amounts offset, and the net position of derivative instruments eligible for offset in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts offset include fair value amounts, income accruals and cash collateral held related to derivative instruments that are traded under a common master netting agreement, as described above. Also included in the tables is information on financial collateral received and pledged, which while contractually permitted to be offset upon an event of default, is disallowed for offsetting under U.S. GAAP.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
As of December 31, 2012
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (i) | | (ii) | | (iii) = (i) - (ii) | (iv) | | (v) = (iii) - (iv) |
| | | | | Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial Position | | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position | | |
| Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets | | Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position | | Derivative Assets [1] | | Accrued Interest and Cash Collateral Received [2] | | Financial Collateral Received [4] | | Net Amount |
Description | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other investments | $ | 2,732 |
| | $ | 2,238 |
| | $ | 581 |
| | $ | (87 | ) | | $ | 490 |
| | $ | 4 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities | | Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position | | Derivative Liabilities [3] | | Accrued Interest and Cash Collateral Pledged [2] | | Financial Collateral Pledged [4] | | Net Amount |
Description | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | $ | (2,113 | ) | | $ | (1,759 | ) | | $ | 38 |
| | $ | (392 | ) | | $ | (300 | ) | | $ | (54 | ) |
As of December 31, 2011
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (i) | | (ii) | | (iii) = (i) - (ii) | (iv) | | (v) = (iii) - (iv) |
| | | | | Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial Position | | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position | | |
| Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets | | Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position | | Derivative Assets [1] | | Accrued Interest and Cash Collateral Received [2] | | Financial Collateral Received [4] | | Net Amount |
Description | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other investments | $ | 3,726 |
| | $ | 2,974 |
| | $ | 1,971 |
| | $ | (1,219 | ) | | $ | 514 |
| | $ | 238 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities | | Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position | | Derivative Liabilities [3] | | Accrued Interest and Cash Collateral Pledged [2] | | Financial Collateral Pledged [4] | | Net Amount |
Description | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | $ | (2,009 | ) | | $ | (1,310 | ) | | $ | (254 | ) | | $ | (445 | ) | | $ | (425 | ) | | $ | (274 | ) |
| |
[1] | Included in other invested assets in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
| |
[2] | Included in other assets in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
| |
[3] | Included in other liabilities in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
| |
[4] | Excludes exchange-traded futures which are settled daily. |
Cash Flow Hedges
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of OCI and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing hedge ineffectiveness are recognized in current earnings. All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
The following table presents the components of the gain or loss on derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships |
| Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Effective Portion) | | Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Ineffective Portion) |
| 2012 | | 2011 | | 2010 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | 2010 |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 245 |
| | $ | 232 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | (2 | ) | | $ | 2 |
|
Foreign currency swaps | (18 | ) | | (5 | ) | | 3 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1 | ) |
Total | $ | 8 |
| | $ | 240 |
| | $ | 235 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | (2 | ) | | $ | 1 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships |
| | Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) |
| | 2012 | | 2011 | | 2010 |
Interest rate swaps | Net realized capital gains (losses) | $ | 85 |
| | $ | 6 |
| | $ | 5 |
|
Interest rate swaps | Net investment income (loss) | 97 |
| | 77 |
| | 56 |
|
Foreign currency swaps | Net realized capital gains (losses) | (4 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (7 | ) |
Total | | $ | 178 |
| | $ | 82 |
| | $ | 54 |
|
As of December 31, 2012, the before-tax deferred net gains on derivative instruments recorded in AOCI that are expected to be reclassified to earnings during the next twelve months are $140. This expectation is based on the anticipated interest payments on hedged investments in fixed maturity securities that will occur over the next twelve months, at which time the Company will recognize the deferred net gains (losses) as an adjustment to interest income over the term of the investment cash flows. Also included are deferred gains related to cash flow hedges associated with fixed-rate bonds sold as part of the Retirement Plans and Individual Life business dispositions completed January 1, 2013 and January 2, 2013, respectively. For further information on the business dispositions, see Note 2 - Business Dispositions of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
During the year ended December 31, 2012, the before-tax deferred net gains on derivative instruments reclassified from AOCI to earnings totaled $91. This primarily resulted from the discontinuance of cash flow hedges due to forecasted transactions no longer probable of occurring associated with variable rate bonds sold as part of the Individual and Retirement Plans business dispositions. For further information on the business dispositions, see Note 2 - Business Dispositions of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had no and less than $1 of net reclassifications, respectively, from AOCI to earnings resulting from the discontinuance of cash-flow hedges due to forecasted transactions that were no longer probable of occurring.
Fair Value Hedges
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in current earnings. The Company includes the gain or loss on the derivative in the same line item as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item. All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
The Company recognized in income gains (losses) representing the ineffective portion of fair value hedges as follows:
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships |
| Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income [1] |
| 2012 | | 2011 | | 2010 |
| Derivative | | Hedged Item | | Derivative | | Hedged Item | | Derivative | | Hedged Item |
Interest rate swaps | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net realized capital gains (losses) | $ | (3 | ) | | $ | (3 | ) | | $ | (58 | ) | | $ | 54 |
| | $ | (44 | ) | | $ | 38 |
|
Benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses | | | | | — |
| | — |
| | (1 | ) | | 3 |
|
Foreign currency swaps | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net realized capital gains (losses) | (7 | ) | | 7 |
| | (1 | ) | | 1 |
| | 8 |
| | (8 | ) |
Benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses | (6 | ) | | 6 |
| | (22 | ) | | 22 |
| | (12 | ) | | 12 |
|
Total | $ | (16 | ) | | $ | 10 |
| | $ | (81 | ) | | $ | 77 |
| | $ | (49 | ) | | $ | 45 |
|
| |
[1] | The amounts presented do not include the periodic net coupon settlements of the derivative or the coupon income (expense) related to the hedged item. The net of the amounts presented represents the ineffective portion of the hedge. |
Non-qualifying Strategies
For non-qualifying strategies, including embedded derivatives that are required to be bifurcated from their host contracts and accounted for as derivatives, the gain or loss on the derivative is recognized currently in earnings within net realized capital gains (losses). The following table presents the gain or loss recognized in income on non-qualifying strategies:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-qualifying Strategies Gain (Loss) Recognized within Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses) |
| December 31, |
| 2012 | | 2011 | | 2010 |
Interest rate contracts | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps, caps, floors, and forwards | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 20 |
| | $ | 14 |
|
Foreign exchange contracts | | | | | |
Foreign currency swaps and forwards | 10 |
| | 1 |
| | (3 | ) |
Japan 3Win foreign currency swaps [1] | (300 | ) | | 31 |
| | 215 |
|
Japanese fixed annuity hedging instruments [2] | (178 | ) | | 109 |
| | 385 |
|
Credit contracts | | | | | |
Credit derivatives that purchase credit protection | (19 | ) | | (8 | ) | | (17 | ) |
Credit derivatives that assume credit risk | 204 |
| | (141 | ) | | 157 |
|
Equity contracts | | | | | |
Equity index swaps and options | (31 | ) | | (67 | ) | | 5 |
|
Variable annuity hedge program | | | | | |
U.S. GMWB product derivatives | 1,430 |
| | (780 | ) | | 486 |
|
U.S. GMWB reinsurance contracts | (280 | ) | | 131 |
| | (102 | ) |
U.S. GMWB hedging instruments | (631 | ) | | 252 |
| | (295 | ) |
U.S. macro hedge program | (340 | ) | | (216 | ) | | (445 | ) |
International program product derivative | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
International program hedging instruments | (1,145 | ) | | 639 |
| | (1 | ) |
Other | | | | | |
GMAB, GMWB, and GMIB reinsurance contracts | 1,233 |
| | (326 | ) | | (769 | ) |
Coinsurance and modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts | (1,901 | ) | | 375 |
| | 292 |
|
Total | $ | (1,922 | ) | | $ | 20 |
| | $ | (78 | ) |
| |
[1] | The associated liability is adjusted for changes in spot rates through realized capital gains and was $189, $(100) and $(273) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. |
| |
[2] | The associated liability is adjusted for changes in spot rates through realized capital gains and losses and was $245, $(129) and $(332) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. |
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
For the year ended December 31, 2012, the net realized capital gain (loss) related to derivatives used in non-qualifying strategies was primarily comprised of the following:
| |
• | The net loss associated with the international program hedging instruments was primarily driven by an improvement in global equity markets and depreciation of the Japanese yen in relation to the euro and the U.S. dollar. |
| |
• | The net gain related to the combined GMWB hedging program, which includes the GMWB product, reinsurance, and hedging derivatives, was primarily driven by liability model assumption updates, outperformance of underlying actively managed funds compared to their respective indices, and lower equity volatility. |
| |
• | The net loss on the U.S. macro hedge program was primarily due to the passage of time, an improvement in domestic equity markets, and a decrease in equity volatility. |
| |
• | The net gain associated with GMAB, GMWB, and GMIB reinsurance contracts, which are reinsured to an affiliated captive reinsurer, was primarily due to the depreciation of the Japanese yen and an improvement in equity markets. |
| |
• | The net loss on the coinsurance and modified coinsurance reinsurance agreement, which is accounted for as a derivative instrument primarily offsets the net loss on GMAB, GMWB, and GMIB reinsurance contracts. For a discussion related to the reinsurance agreement refer to Note 16 - Transactions with Affiliates of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on this transaction. |
| |
• | The net loss related to the Japan 3Win foreign currency swaps and Japanese fixed annuity hedging instruments was primarily due to the depreciation of the Japanese yen in relation to the U.S. dollar, the strengthening of the currency basis swap spread between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese yen, and a decline in U.S. interest rates. |
| |
• | The gain on credit derivatives that assume credit risk as a part of replication transactions resulted from credit spread tightening. |
For the year ended December 31, 2011, the net realized capital gain (loss) related to derivatives used in non-qualifying strategies was primarily comprised of the following:
| |
• | The net gain associated with the international program hedging instruments was primarily driven by strengthening of the Japanese yen, a decline in global equity markets, and a decrease in interest rates. |
| |
• | The loss related to the combined GMWB hedging program, which includes the GMWB product, reinsurance, and hedging derivatives, was primarily a result of a decrease in long-term interest rates and higher interest rate volatility. |
| |
• | The net loss associated with GMAB, GMWB, and GMIB reinsurance contracts, which are reinsured to an affiliated captive reinsurer, was primarily due to the strengthening of the Japanese yen and a decrease in equity markets. |
| |
• | The net gain on the coinsurance and modified coinsurance reinsurance agreement, which is accounted for as a derivative instrument primarily offsets the net loss on GMAB, GMWB, and GMIB reinsurance contracts. For a discussion related to the reinsurance agreement refer to Note 16 - Transactions with Affiliates of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on this transaction. |
| |
• | The net loss on the U.S. macro hedge program was primarily driven by time decay and a decrease in equity market volatility since the purchase date of certain options during the fourth quarter. |
For the year ended December 31, 2010, the net realized capital gain (loss) related to derivatives used in non-qualifying strategies was primarily due to the following:
| |
• | The net loss on derivatives associated with GMAB, GMWB, and GMIB reinsurance contracts, which are reinsured to an affiliated captive reinsurer, was primarily due to a decrease in Japan interest rates, an increase in Japan currency volatility and a decrease in Japan equity markets. |
| |
• | The net loss associated with the U.S. macro hedge program was primarily due to a higher equity market valuation, time decay, and lower implied market volatility. |
| |
• | The net gain on the Japanese fixed annuity hedging instruments was primarily due to the strengthening of the Japanese yen in comparison to the U.S. dollar. |
| |
• | The net gain related to the Japan 3 Win foreign currency swaps was primarily due to the strengthening of the Japanese yen in comparison to the U.S. dollar, partially offset by the decrease in U.S. long-term interest rates. |
| |
• | The net gain on the coinsurance and modified coinsurance reinsurance agreement, which is accounted for as a derivative instrument, primarily offsets the net loss on GMAB, GMWB, and GMIB reinsurance contracts. For a discussion related to the reinsurance agreement refer to Note 16 - Transactions with Affiliates of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on this transaction. |
| |
• | The net gain associated with credit derivatives that assume credit risk as a part of replication transactions resulted from credit spread tightening. |
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
| |
• | The gain related to the combined GMWB hedging program, which includes the GMWB product, reinsurance, and hedging derivatives, was primarily a result of liability model assumption updates during third quarter, lower implied market volatility, and outperformance of the underlying actively managed funds as compared to their respective indices, partially offset by a general decrease in long-term interest rates and rising equity markets. |
Refer to Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosures regarding contingent credit related features in derivative agreements.
Credit Risk Assumed through Credit Derivatives
The Company enters into credit default swaps that assume credit risk of a single entity, referenced index, or asset pool in order to synthetically replicate investment transactions. The Company will receive periodic payments based on an agreed upon rate and notional amount and will only make a payment if there is a credit event. A credit event payment will typically be equal to the notional value of the swap contract less the value of the referenced security issuer’s debt obligation after the occurrence of the credit event. A credit event is generally defined as a default on contractually obligated interest or principal payments or bankruptcy of the referenced entity. The credit default swaps in which the Company assumes credit risk primarily reference investment grade single corporate issuers and baskets, which include standard and customized diversified portfolios of corporate issuers. The diversified portfolios of corporate issuers are established within sector concentration limits and may be divided into tranches that possess different credit ratings.
The following tables present the notional amount, fair value, weighted average years to maturity, underlying referenced credit obligation type and average credit ratings, and offsetting notional amounts and fair value for credit derivatives in which the Company is assuming credit risk as of December 31, 2012 and 2011.
As of December 31, 2012
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Underlying Referenced Credit Obligation(s) [1] | | | | |
Credit Derivative type by derivative risk exposure | | Notional Amount [2] | | Fair Value | | Weighted Average Years to Maturity | | Type | | Average Credit Rating | | Offsetting Notional Amount [3] | | Offsetting Fair Value [3] |
Single name credit default swaps | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment grade risk exposure | | $ | 1,787 |
| | $ | 8 |
| | 3 years | | Corporate Credit/ Foreign Gov. | | A | | $ | 878 |
| | $ | (19 | ) |
Below investment grade risk exposure | | 114 |
| | (1 | ) | | 1 year | | Corporate Credit | | B+ | | 114 |
| | (3 | ) |
Basket credit default swaps [4] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment grade risk exposure | | 2,074 |
| | 11 |
| | 2 years | | Corporate Credit | | BBB+ | | 1,326 |
| | (6 | ) |
Investment grade risk exposure | | 237 |
| | (12 | ) | | 4 years | | CMBS Credit | | A | | 238 |
| | 12 |
|
Below investment grade risk exposure | | 115 |
| | (27 | ) | | 4 years | | CMBS Credit | | B+ | | 115 |
| | 27 |
|
Embedded credit derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment grade risk exposure | | 325 |
| | 296 |
| | 4 years | | Corporate Credit | | BBB- | | — |
| | — |
|
Total | | $ | 4,652 |
| | $ | 275 |
| | | | | | | | $ | 2,671 |
| | $ | 11 |
|
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Investments and Derivatives (continued)
As of December 31, 2011
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Underlying Referenced Credit Obligation(s) [1] |
Credit Derivative type by derivative risk exposure | | Notional Amount [2] | | Fair Value | | Weighted Average Years to Maturity | | Type | | Average Credit Rating | | Offsetting Notional Amount [3] | | Offsetting Fair Value [3] |
Single name credit default swaps | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment grade risk exposure | | $ | 1,067 |
| | $ | (18 | ) | | 3 years | | Corporate Credit/ Foreign Gov. | | A+ | | $ | 915 |
| | $ | (19 | ) |
Below investment grade risk exposure | | 125 |
| | (7 | ) | | 2 years | | Corporate Credit | | B+ | | 114 |
| | (3 | ) |
Basket credit default swaps [4] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment grade risk exposure | | 2,375 |
| | (71 | ) | | 3 years | | Corporate Credit | | BBB+ | | 1,128 |
| | 17 |
|
Investment grade risk exposure | | 353 |
| | (63 | ) | | 5 years | | CMBS Credit | | BBB+ | | 353 |
| | 62 |
|
Below investment grade risk exposure | | 477 |
| | (441 | ) | | 3 years | | Corporate Credit | | BBB+ | | — |
| | — |
|
Embedded credit derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment grade risk exposure | | 25 |
| | 24 |
| | 3 years | | Corporate Credit | | BBB- | | — |
| | — |
|
Below investment grade risk exposure | | 300 |
| | 245 |
| | 5 years | | Corporate Credit | | BB+ | | — |
| | — |
|
Total | | $ | 4,722 |
| | $ | (331 | ) | | | | | | | | $ | 2,510 |
| | $ | 57 |
|
| |
[1] | The average credit ratings are based on availability and the midpoint of the applicable ratings among Moody’s, S&P, and Fitch. If no rating is available from a rating agency, then an internally developed rating is used. |
| |
[2] | Notional amount is equal to the maximum potential future loss amount. There is no specific collateral related to these contracts or recourse provisions included in the contracts to offset losses. |
| |
[3] | The Company has entered into offsetting credit default swaps to terminate certain existing credit default swaps, thereby offsetting the future changes in value of, or losses paid related to, the original swap. |
| |
[4] | Includes $2.4 billion and $2.7 billion as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, of standard market indices of diversified portfolios of corporate issuers referenced through credit default swaps. These swaps are subsequently valued based upon the observable standard market index. As of December 31, 2012 the Company did not hold customized diversified portfolios of corporate issuers referenced through credit default swaps. As of December 31, 2011 the Company held $478 of customized diversified portfolios of corporate issuers referenced through credit default swaps. |
Collateral Arrangements
The Company enters into various collateral arrangements in connection with its derivative instruments, which require both the pledging and accepting of collateral. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, collateral pledged having a fair value of $370 and $762, respectively, was included in fixed maturities, AFS, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following table presents the classification and carrying amount of derivative instruments collateral pledged.
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2012 | | December 31, 2011 |
Fixed maturities, AFS | $ | 370 |
| | $ | 762 |
|
Short-term investments | 179 |
| | 148 |
|
Total collateral pledged | $ | 549 |
| | $ | 910 |
|
As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company had accepted collateral with a fair value of $2.7 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, of which $2.2 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively, was cash collateral which was invested and recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in fixed maturities and short-term investments with corresponding amount recorded in other assets and other liabilities. Included in the $2.2 billion of cash collateral, as of December 31, 2012, was $1.6 billion which relates to repurchase agreements and dollar roll transactions. The Company is only permitted by contract to sell or repledge the noncash collateral in the event of a default by the counterparty. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, noncash collateral accepted was held in separate custodial accounts and was not included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Securities on Deposit with States
The Company is required by law to deposit securities with government agencies in states where it conducts business. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the fair value of securities on deposit was approximately $14 and $14, respectively.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
5. Reinsurance
Insurance recoveries on ceded reinsurance agreements, which reduce death and other benefits, were $302, $252, and $324 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. The Company reinsures 31% of GMDB, as well as a portion of GMWB, on contracts issued prior to July 2007, offered in connection with its variable annuity contracts. The Company maintains reinsurance agreements with HLA, whereby the Company cedes both group life and group accident and health risk. Under these treaties, the Company ceded group life premium of $94, $106, and $129 in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively, and accident and health premium of $177, $191, and $205, respectively, to HLA. A subsidiary of the Company, Hartford Life and Annuity Insurance Company (“HLAI”) has a modified coinsurance ("modco") and coinsurance with funds withheld reinsurance agreement with an affiliated captive reinsurer, White River Life Reinsurance (“WRR”). Under this transaction, the Company ceded $58, $61, and $54 in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. Refer to Note 16 - Transactions with Affiliates of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Net fee income, earned premiums and other were comprised of the following:
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| For the years Ended December 31, |
| 2012 | 2011 | 2010 |
Gross fee income, earned premiums and other | $ | 3,739 |
| $ | 4,147 |
| $ | 4,127 |
|
Reinsurance assumed | 8 |
| 13 |
| 69 |
|
Reinsurance ceded | (698 | ) | (733 | ) | (759 | ) |
Net fee income, earned premiums and other | $ | 3,049 |
| $ | 3,427 |
| $ | 3,437 |
|
6. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Present Value of Future Profits
Changes in the DAC balance are as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| For the years ended December 31, |
| 2012 | 2011 | 2010 |
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 3,448 |
| $ | 3,694 |
| $ | 4,341 |
|
Deferred costs | 329 |
| 381 |
| 381 |
|
Amortization — DAC | (280 | ) | (290 | ) | (244 | ) |
Amortization — Unlock benefit (charge), pre-tax | (44 | ) | (137 | ) | 134 |
|
Amortization — DAC from discontinued operations | (35 | ) | (47 | ) | (68 | ) |
Adjustments to unrealized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale and other [1][2] | (346 | ) | (154 | ) | (848 | ) |
Effect of currency translation | — |
| 1 |
| (9 | ) |
Cumulative effect of accounting change, pre-tax [3] | — |
| — |
| 7 |
|
Balance, end of period [4] | $ | 3,072 |
| $ | 3,448 |
| $ | 3,694 |
|
| |
[1] | Primarily represents the effect of declining interest rates, resulting in unrealized gains on securities classified in AOCI. |
| |
[2] | Other includes a $16 reduction of the DAC asset as a result of the sale of assets used to administer the Company's PPLI business in 2012. The reduction is directly attributable to this transaction as it results in lower future estimated gross profits than originally estimated on these products. For further information regarding this transaction see Note 2 - Business Dispositions of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Other also includes a $34 reduction of the DAC asset as a result of the sale of Hartford Investment Canada Corporation in 2010. |
| |
[3] | For the year ended December 31, 2010 the effect of adopting new accounting guidance for embedded credit derivatives resulted in a decrease to retained earnings and, as a result, a DAC benefit. In addition, an offsetting amount was recorded in unrealized losses as unrealized losses decreased upon adoption of the new accounting guidance. |
| |
[4] | For further information, see Note 2 - Business Dispositions of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
As of December 31, 2012, estimated future net amortization expense of present value of future profits for the succeeding five years is $22, $6, $6, $6 and $5 in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively. Future net amortization expense as of December 31, 2012 reflects the estimated impact of the business disposition transactions discussed in Note 2 - Business Dispositions of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
7. Goodwill
The reporting units of the Company for which goodwill has been allocated include Mutual Funds, Retirement Plans and Individual Life.
Year Ended December 31, 2012
During the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company wrote off $159 of goodwill associated with the Mutual Funds reporting unit including goodwill of $10 due to the sale of Woodbury Financial Services and $149 of remaining goodwill as a result of the Mutual Funds reorganization. For further discussion of the reorganization of the Mutual Funds business, see Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 18 - Discontinued Operations of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
During the first quarter of 2012, the Company determined that a triggering event requiring an interim impairment assessment had occurred as a result of its decision to pursue sales or other strategic alternatives for the Retirement Plans and Individual Life reporting units.
The Company completed interim impairment tests during each of the first three quarters of 2012 for the Retirement Plans reporting unit which resulted in no impairment of goodwill. The annual goodwill assessment for Retirement Plans was completed as of October 31, 2012 and an additional impairment test was completed as of December 31, 2012 as a result of the anticipated sale of this business unit. No write-down of goodwill resulted for the year ended December 31, 2012. Retirement Plans passed step one of the goodwill impairment tests with a margin of less than 10% between fair value and book value of the reporting unit as of both dates. The fair value of the Retirement Plans reporting unit as of October 31, 2012 and December 31, 2012 was based on a negotiated transaction price. The carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the Retirement Plans reporting unit was $87 as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.
The Company completed interim impairment tests during each of the first three quarters of 2012 for the Individual Life reporting unit which resulted in no impairment of goodwill as the Company anticipated a gain on the sale of the Individual Life reporting unit. Upon closing the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company uncovered an error in its calculation of the transaction gain that resulted in the transaction generating a modest loss. This loss would have resulted in a goodwill impairment in the third quarter, however, this loss was recognized in the fourth quarter as it was immaterial to the respective quarter's financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, an impairment loss of $61 was recognized in the fourth quarter of 2012. An additional impairment test was completed for the Individual Life reporting unit as of December 31, 2012 as a result of the anticipated sale of this business unit. No additional write-down of goodwill resulted for the year ended December 31, 2012 as fair value approximated the remaining book value of the reporting unit as of December 31, 2012. The fair value of the Individual Life reporting unit as of October 31, 2012 and December 31, 2012 was based on a negotiated transaction price. The carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the Individual Life reporting unit was $163 and $224 as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Year Ended December 31, 2011
The Company completed its annual goodwill assessment for the individual reporting units on January 1, 2011 and October 31, 2011, which resulted in no impairment of goodwill. All reporting units passed the first step of both impairment tests with a significant margin.
Year Ended December 31, 2010
The Company completed its annual goodwill assessment for the individual reporting units on January 1, 2010, which resulted in no write-downs of goodwill in 2010. The reporting units passed the first step of their annual impairment tests with a significant margin with the exception of the Individual Life reporting unit. Individual Life completed the second step of the annual goodwill impairment test resulting in an implied goodwill value that was in excess of its carrying value. Even though the fair value of the reporting unit was lower than its carrying value, the implied level of goodwill in Individual Life exceeded the carrying amount of goodwill. In the hypothetical purchase accounting required by step two of the goodwill impairment test, the implied present value of future profits was substantially lower than that of the DAC asset removed in purchase accounting. A higher discount rate was used for calculating the present value of future profits as compared to that used for calculating the present value of estimated gross profits for DAC. As a result, in the hypothetical purchase accounting, implied goodwill exceeded the carrying amount of goodwill.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
8. Separate Accounts, Death Benefits and Other Insurance Benefit Features
Changes in the gross GMDB and UL secondary guarantee benefits are as follows:
|
| | | | | | |
| GMDB | UL Secondary Guarantees |
Liability balance as of January 1, 2012 | $ | 1,158 |
| $ | 228 |
|
Incurred | 228 |
| 113 |
|
Paid | (258 | ) | — |
|
Unlock | (181 | ) | 22 |
|
Currency Translation Adjustment | (3 | ) | — |
|
Liability balance as of December 31, 2012 | $ | 944 |
| $ | 363 |
|
Reinsurance recoverable asset, as of January 1, 2012 | $ | 724 |
| $ | 22 |
|
Incurred | 121 |
| (1 | ) |
Paid | (121 | ) | — |
|
Unlock | (116 | ) | — |
|
Reinsurance recoverable asset, as of December 31, 2012 | $ | 608 |
| $ | 21 |
|
|
| | | | | | |
| GMDB | UL Secondary Guarantees |
Liability balance as of January 1, 2011 | $ | 1,115 |
| $ | 113 |
|
Incurred | 271 |
| 53 |
|
Paid | (284 | ) | — |
|
Unlock | 48 |
| 62 |
|
Currency Translation Adjustment | 8 |
| — |
|
Liability balance as of December 31, 2011 | $ | 1,158 |
| $ | 228 |
|
Reinsurance recoverable asset, as of January 1, 2011 | $ | 686 |
| $ | 30 |
|
Incurred | 128 |
| (8 | ) |
Paid | (143 | ) | — |
|
Unlock | 53 |
| — |
|
Reinsurance recoverable asset, as of December 31, 2011 | $ | 724 |
| $ | 22 |
|
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
8. Separate Accounts, Death Benefits and Other Insurance Benefit Features (continued)
The following table presents details concerning GMDB and GMIB exposure as of December 31, 2012:
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
Individual Variable and Group Annuity Account Value by GMDB/GMIB Type |
Maximum anniversary value (“MAV”) [1] | Account Value (“AV”) [8] | Net amount at Risk (“NAR”) [9] | Retained Net Amount at Risk (“RNAR”) [9] | Weighted Average Attained Age of Annuitant |
MAV only | $ | 19,509 |
| $ | 3,973 |
| $ | 263 |
| 69 |
With 5% rollup [2] | 1,517 |
| 379 |
| 26 |
| 69 |
With Earnings Protection Benefit Rider (“EPB”) [3] | 4,990 |
| 582 |
| 17 |
| 66 |
With 5% rollup & EPB | 561 |
| 127 |
| 5 |
| 69 |
Total MAV | 26,577 |
| 5,061 |
| 311 |
| |
Asset Protection Benefit (APB) [4] | 20,008 |
| 1,069 |
| 208 |
| 67 |
Lifetime Income Benefit (LIB) – Death Benefit [5] | 1,063 |
| 33 |
| 9 |
| 65 |
Reset [6] (5-7 years) | 3,098 |
| 140 |
| 73 |
| 69 |
Return of Premium [7] /Other | 21,807 |
| 327 |
| 89 |
| 66 |
Subtotal U.S. GMDB | $ | 72,553 |
| $ | 6,630 |
| $ | 690 |
| 67 |
Less: General Account Value with U.S. GMBD | 7,405 |
| | | |
Subtotal Separate Account Liabilities with GMDB | 65,148 |
| | | |
Separate Account Liabilities without U.S. GMDB | 76,410 |
| | | |
Total Separate Account Liabilities | $ | 141,558 |
| | | |
Japan GMDB [10], [11] | $ | 16,115 |
| $ | 2,650 |
| $ | — |
| 68 |
Japan GMIB [10], [11] | $ | 15,454 |
| $ | 2,389 |
| $ | — |
| 68 |
| |
[1] | MAV GMDB is the greatest of current AV, net premiums paid and the highest AV on any anniversary before age 80 (adjusted for withdrawals). |
| |
[2] | Rollup GMDB is the greatest of the MAV, current AV, net premium paid and premiums (adjusted for withdrawals) accumulated at generally 5% simple interest up to the earlier of age 80 years or 100% of adjusted premiums. |
| |
[3] | EPB GMDB is the greatest of the MAV, current AV, or contract value plus a percentage of the contract’s growth. The contract’s growth is AV less premiums net of withdrawals, subject to a cap of 200% of premiums net withdrawals. |
| |
[4] | APB GMDB is the greater of current AV or MAV, not to exceed current AV plus 25% times the greater of net premiums and MAV (each adjusted for premiums in the past 12 months). |
| |
[5] | LIB GMDB is the greatest of current AV, net premiums paid, or for certain contracts a benefit amount that ratchets over time, generally based on market performance. |
| |
[6] | Reset GMDB is the greatest of current AV, net premiums paid and the most recent five to seven year anniversary AV before age 80 (adjusted for withdrawals). |
| |
[7] | ROP GMDB is the greater of current AV and net premiums paid. |
| |
[8] | AV includes the contract holder’s investment in the separate account and the general account. |
| |
[9] | NAR is defined as the guaranteed benefit in excess of the current AV. RNAR is NAR reduced for reinsurances. NAR and RNAR are highly sensitive to equity market movements and increase when equity markets decline. |
| |
[10] | Assumed GMDB includes a ROP and MAV (before age 80) paid in a single lump sum. GMIB is a guarantee to return initial investment, adjusted for earnings liquidity, paid through a fixed annuity, after a minimum deferral period of 10, 15 or 20 years. The guaranteed remaining balance (“GRB”) related to the Japan GMIB was $17.8 billion and $21.1 billion as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. The GRB related to the Japan GMAB and GMWB was $470 and $567 as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. These liabilities are not included in the Separate Account as they are not legally insulated from the general account liabilities of the insurance enterprise. As of December 31, 2012, 100% of RNAR is reinsured to an affiliate. See Note 16 - Transactions with Affiliates of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
| |
[11] | Policies with a guaranteed living benefit (a GMWB in the US or a GMIB in Japan) also have a guaranteed death benefit. The NAR for each benefit is shown, however these benefits are not additive. When a policy terminates due to death, any NAR related to GMWB or GMIB is released. Similarly, when a policy goes into benefit status on a GMWB or GMIB, its GMDB NAR is released. |
See Note 3 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the Company’s guaranteed living benefits that are accounted for at fair value.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
8. Separate Accounts, Death Benefits and Other Insurance Benefit Features (continued)
Account balances of contracts with guarantees were invested in variable separate accounts as follows:
|
| | | | | | |
Asset type | December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 |
Equity securities (including mutual funds) | $ | 58,208 |
| $ | 61,472 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents | 6,940 |
| 7,516 |
|
Total | $ | 65,148 |
| $ | 68,988 |
|
As of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, approximately 16% and 17%, respectively, of the equity securities above were invested in fixed income securities through these funds and approximately 84% and 83%, respectively, were invested in equity securities through these funds.
9. Sales Inducements
The Company offered enhanced crediting rates or bonus payments to contract holders on certain of its individual and group annuity products. The expense associated with offering a bonus is deferred and amortized over the life of the related contract in a pattern consistent with the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs. Amortization expense associated with expenses previously deferred is recorded over the remaining life of the contract. Consistent with the Unlock, the Company unlocked the amortization of the sales inducement asset. See Note 6 - Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Present Value of Future Profits of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information concerning the Unlock.
Changes in sales inducement activity are as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| For the years ended December 31, |
| 2012 | 2011 | 2010 |
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 186 |
| $ | 197 |
| $ | 194 |
|
Sales inducements deferred | 4 |
| 6 |
| 10 |
|
Amortization—Unlock | (59 | ) | (4 | ) | (9 | ) |
Amortization charged to income | (13 | ) | (13 | ) | 2 |
|
Balance, end of period | $ | 118 |
| $ | 186 |
| $ | 197 |
|
10. Commitments and Contingencies
Contingencies Relating to Corporate Litigation and Regulatory Matters
Management evaluates each contingent matter separately. A loss is recorded if probable and reasonably estimable. Management establishes reserves for these contingencies at its “best estimate,” or, if no one number within the range of possible losses is more probable than any other, the Company records an estimated reserve at the low end of the range of losses.
Litigation
The Company is involved in claims litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, both as a liability insurer defending or providing indemnity for third-party claims brought against insureds and as an insurer defending coverage claims brought against it. The Company accounts for such activity through the establishment of unpaid loss and loss adjustment expense reserves. Management expects that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such ordinary-course claims litigation, after consideration of provisions made for potential losses and costs of defense, will not be material to the consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.
The Company is also involved in other kinds of legal actions, some of which assert claims for substantial amounts. These actions include, among others and in addition to the matter described below, putative state and federal class actions seeking certification of a state or national class. Such putative class actions have alleged, for example, improper sales practices in connection with the sale of certain life insurance products and improper claim practices with respect to certain group benefits claims. The Company also is involved in individual actions in which punitive damages are sought, such as claims alleging bad faith in the handling of insurance claims. Management expects that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such lawsuits, after consideration of provisions made for estimated losses, will not be material to the consolidated financial condition of the Company. Nonetheless, given the large or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these actions, and the inherent unpredictability of litigation, the outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
10. Commitments and Contingencies (continued)
Lease Commitments
The rent paid to Hartford Fire for operating leases was $17, $19 and $15 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Future minimum lease commitments as of December 31, 2012 are as follows:
|
| | | |
| Operating Leases |
2013 | $ | 11 |
|
2014 | 7 |
|
2015 | 6 |
|
2016 | 4 |
|
2017 | 3 |
|
Thereafter | 3 |
|
Total | $ | 34 |
|
Unfunded Commitments
As of December 31, 2012, the Company has outstanding commitments totaling $299, of which $269 is committed to fund limited partnership and other alternative investments, which may be called by the partnership during the commitment period (on average 2 to 4 years) to fund the purchase of new investments and partnership expenses. Once the commitment period expires, the Company is under no obligation to fund the remaining unfunded commitment but may elect to do so. Additionally, $27 is largely related to commercial whole loans expected to fund in the first half of 2013. The remaining outstanding commitments are related to various funding obligations associated with private placement securities. These have a commitment period of one month to one year.
Guaranty Fund and Other Insurance-related Assessments
In all states, insurers licensed to transact certain classes of insurance are required to become members of a guaranty fund. In most states, in the event of the insolvency of an insurer writing any such class of insurance in the state, members of the funds are assessed to pay certain claims of the insolvent insurer. A particular state’s fund assesses its members based on their respective written premiums in the state for the classes of insurance in which the insolvent insurer was engaged. Assessments are generally limited for any year to one or two percent of premiums written per year depending on the state.
The Company accounts for guaranty fund and other insurance assessments in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 405-30, “Accounting by Insurance and Other Enterprises for Insurance-Related Assessments”. Liabilities for guaranty funds and other insurance-related assessments are accrued when an assessment is probable, when it can be reasonably estimated, and when the event obligating the Company to pay an imposed or probable assessment has occurred. Liabilities for guaranty funds and other insurance-related assessments are not discounted and are included as part of other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the liability balance was $42 and $43, respectively. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, $27 and $26, respectively, related to premium tax offsets were included in other assets. In 2011, the Company recognized $22 for expected assessments related to the Executive Life Insurance Company of New York (ELNY) insolvency.
Derivative Commitments
Certain of the Company’s derivative agreements contain provisions that are tied to the financial strength ratings of the individual legal entity that entered into the derivative agreement as set by nationally recognized statistical rating agencies. If the legal entity’s financial strength were to fall below certain ratings, the counterparties to the derivative agreements could demand immediate and ongoing full collateralization and in certain instances demand immediate settlement of all outstanding derivative positions traded under each impacted bilateral agreement. The settlement amount is determined by netting the derivative positions transacted under each agreement. If the termination rights were to be exercised by the counterparties, it could impact the legal entity’s ability to conduct hedging activities by increasing the associated costs and decreasing the willingness of counterparties to transact with the legal entity. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a net liability position as of December 31, 2012, is $365. Of this $365, the legal entities have posted collateral of $345 in the normal course of business. Based on derivative market values as of December 31, 2012, a downgrade of one level below the current financial strength ratings by either Moody’s or S&P could require an additional $29 to be posted as collateral. Based on derivative market values as of December 31, 2012, a downgrade by either Moody’s or S&P of two levels below the legal entities’ current financial strength ratings could require approximately an additional $33 of assets to be posted as collateral.These collateral amounts could change as derivative market values change, as a result of changes in our hedging activities or to the extent changes in contractual terms are negotiated. The nature of the collateral that we would post, if required, would be primarily in the form of U.S. Treasury bills and U.S. Treasury notes.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
10. Commitments and Contingencies (continued)
On February 5, 2013 Moody's lowered its counterparty credit and insurer financial strength ratings on Hartford Life and Annuity Insurance Company to Baa2. Given this downgrade action, termination rating triggers in seven derivative counterparty relationships were impacted. The Company is in the process of re-negotiating the rating triggers which it expects to successfully complete. Accordingly, the Company does not expect the current hedging programs to be adversely impacted by the announcement of the downgrade of Hartford Life and Annuity Insurance Company. As of December 31, 2012, the notional amount and fair value related to these counterparties is $18.8 billion and $331, respectively. These counterparties have the right to terminate these relationships and would have to settle the outstanding derivatives prior to exercising their termination right. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2012 five of these counterparties combined would owe the Company the derivatives fair value of $375 and the Company would owe two counterparties combined $44. Of this $44, the legal entities have posted collateral of $33 in the normal course of business. The counterparties have not exercised this termination right. The notional and fair value amounts include a customized GMWB derivative with a notional amount of $3.9 billion and a fair value of $133, for which the Company has a contractual right to make a collateral payment in the amount of approximately $45 to prevent its termination.
11. Income Tax
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes included income (loss) from domestic operations of $531, $(137) and $712 for 2012, 2011 and 2010, and income (loss) from foreign operations of $0, $0 and $0 for 2012, 2011 and 2010.
Income tax expense (benefit) is as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| For the years ended December 31, |
| 2012 | 2011 | 2010 |
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) | | | |
Current - U.S. Federal | $ | 139 |
| $ | (206 | ) | $ | 19 |
|
International | — |
| — |
| 5 |
|
Total Current | $ | 139 |
| (206 | ) | 24 |
|
Deferred - U.S. Federal Excluding NOL Carryforward | (94 | ) | 46 |
| 114 |
|
Net Operating Loss Carryforward | (9 | ) | (163 | ) | (1 | ) |
Total Deferred | (103 | ) | (117 | ) | 113 |
|
Total Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 36 |
| $ | (323 | ) | $ | 137 |
|
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
11. Income Tax (continued)
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) include the following as of December 31:
|
| | | | | | |
| As of December 31, |
Deferred Tax Assets | 2012 | 2011 |
Tax basis deferred policy acquisition costs | $ | 424 |
| $ | 479 |
|
Investment-related items | 1,244 |
| 92 |
|
Insurance product derivatives | 1,092 |
| 2,011 |
|
NOL Carryover | 225 |
| 241 |
|
Minimum tax credit | 355 |
| 387 |
|
Foreign tax credit carryover | 33 |
| 17 |
|
Capital loss carryover | 5 |
| — |
|
Depreciable and amortizable assets | — |
| 37 |
|
Other | 65 |
| 23 |
|
Total Deferred Tax Assets | 3,443 |
| 3,287 |
|
Valuation Allowance | (53 | ) | (78 | ) |
Net Deferred Tax Assets | 3,390 |
| 3,209 |
|
Deferred Tax Liabilities | | |
Financial statement deferred policy acquisition costs and reserves | (356 | ) | (427 | ) |
Net unrealized gain on investments | (1,432 | ) | (735 | ) |
Employee benefits | (45 | ) | (41 | ) |
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities | (1,833 | ) | (1,203 | ) |
Total Deferred Tax Asset | 1,557 |
| 2,006 |
|
As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the deferred tax asset included the expected tax benefit attributable to foreign net operating losses of $221 and $314, which have no expiration. The Company had a current income tax payable of $192 as of December 31, 2012 and a current income tax recoverable of $330 as of December 31, 2011.
If the Company were to follow a “separate entity” approach, the current tax benefit related to any of the Company’s tax attributes realized by virtue of its inclusion in The Hartford’s consolidated tax return would have been recorded directly to surplus rather than income. These benefits were $(18), $0 and $0 for 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
The Company recorded a deferred tax asset valuation allowance that is adequate to reduce the total deferred tax asset to an amount that will more likely than not be realized. The deferred tax asset valuation allowance was $53 as of December 31, 2012 and $78 as of December 31, 2011. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, management considered future taxable temporary difference reversals, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards, taxable income in open carryback years, as well as other tax planning strategies. These tax planning strategies include holding a portion of debt securities with market value losses until recovery, selling appreciated securities to offset capital losses, business considerations such as asset-liability matching, and the sales of certain corporate assets. Management views such tax planning strategies as prudent and feasible and will implement them, if necessary, to realize the deferred tax asset. Based on the availability of additional tax planning strategies identified in the second quarter of 2011, the Company released $56, or 100% of the valuation allowance associated with investment realized capital losses. Future economic conditions and debt market volatility, including increases in interest rates, can adversely impact the Company’s tax planning strategies and in particular the Company’s ability to utilize tax benefits on previously recognized realized capital losses.
The Company or one or more of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations for years prior to 2007. The audit of the years 2007-2009 commenced during 2010 and is expected to conclude by the end of 2013, with no material impact on the consolidated financial condition or results of operations. The 2010-2011 audit commenced in the 4th quarter of 2012 and is expected to conclude by the end of 2014. In addition, in the second quarter of 2011, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $52 as a result of a resolution of a tax matter with the IRS for the computation of the dividends-received deduction (DRD) for years 1998, 2000 and 2001. Management believes that adequate provision has been made in the financial statements for any potential assessments that may result from tax examinations and other tax-related matters for all open tax years.
The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits are settled with the parent consistent with the terms of the tax sharing agreement described above.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
11. Income Tax (continued)
A reconciliation of the tax provision at the U.S. Federal statutory rate to the provision (benefit) for income taxes is as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| For the years ended December 31, |
| 2012 | 2011 | 2010 |
Tax expense (benefit) at the U.S. federal statutory rate | 186 |
| (48 | ) | $ | 249 |
|
Dividends-received deduction | (140 | ) | (201 | ) | (145 | ) |
Foreign related investments | (9 | ) | (15 | ) | — |
|
Valuation Allowance | — |
| (56 | ) | 56 |
|
Other | (1 | ) | (3 | ) | (23 | ) |
Total | $ | 36 |
| $ | (323 | ) | $ | 137 |
|
12. Debt
Collateralized Advances
The Company became a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (“FHLBB”) in May 2011. Membership allows the Company access to collateralized advances, which may be used to support various spread-based business and enhance liquidity management. The Connecticut Department of Insurance (“CTDOI”) will permit the Company to pledge up to $1.25 billion in qualifying assets to secure FHLBB advances for 2013. The amount of advances that can be taken are dependent on the asset types pledged to secure the advances. The pledge limit is recalculated annually based on statutory admitted assets and capital and surplus. The Company would need to seek the prior approval of the CTDOI if there were a desire to exceed these limits. As of December 31, 2012, the Company had no advances outstanding under the FHLBB facility.
Consumer Notes
The Company issued consumer notes through its Retail Investor Notes Program prior to 2009. A consumer note is an investment product distributed through broker-dealers directly to retail investors as medium-term, publicly traded fixed or floating rate, or a combination of fixed and floating rate, notes. Consumer notes are part of the Company’s spread-based business and proceeds are used to purchase investment products, primarily fixed rate bonds. Proceeds are not used for general operating purposes. Consumer notes maturities may extend up to 30 years and have contractual coupons based upon varying interest rates or indexes (e.g. consumer price index) and may include a call provision that allows the Company to extinguish the notes prior to its scheduled maturity date. Certain Consumer notes may be redeemed by the holder in the event of death. Redemptions are subject to certain limitations, including calendar year aggregate and individual limits. The aggregate limit is equal to the greater of $1 or 1% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes as of the end of the prior year. The individual limit is $250 thousand per individual. Derivative instruments are utilized to hedge the Company’s exposure to market risks in accordance with Company policy.
As of December 31, 2012, these consumer notes have interest rates ranging from 4% to 6% for fixed notes and, for variable notes, based on December 31, 2012 rates, either consumer price index plus 100 to 260 basis points, or indexed to the S&P 500, Dow Jones Industrials, foreign currency, or the Nikkei 225. The aggregate maturities of Consumer Notes are as follows: $78 in 2013, $13 in 2014, $30 in 2015, $18 in 2016, $12 in 2017 and $8 thereafter. For 2012, 2011 and 2010, interest credited to holders of consumer notes was $10, $15 and $25, respectively.
13. Statutory Results
The domestic insurance subsidiaries of the Company prepare their statutory financial statements in conformity with statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the applicable state insurance department which vary materially from U.S. GAAP. Prescribed statutory accounting practices include publications of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”), as well as state laws, regulations and general administrative rules. The differences between statutory financial statements and financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP vary between domestic and foreign jurisdictions. The principal differences are that statutory financial statements do not reflect deferred policy acquisition costs and limit deferred income taxes, life benefit reserves predominately use interest rate and mortality assumptions prescribed by the NAIC, bonds are generally carried at amortized cost and reinsurance assets and liabilities are presented net of reinsurance.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
13. Statutory Results (continued)
The statutory net income (loss) and surplus was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| For the years ended December 31, |
| 2012 | 2011 | 2010 |
Combined statutory net income (loss) | $ | 927 |
| $ | (669 | ) | $ | 208 |
|
Statutory capital and surplus | $ | 5,016 |
| $ | 5,920 |
| $ | 5,832 |
|
Statutory accounting practices do not consolidate the net income (loss) of subsidiaries as performed under U.S. GAAP. Therefore, the combined statutory net income (loss) above presents the total statutory net income of the Company and its other insurance subsidiaries to present a comparable statutory net income (loss).
In December 2009, the NAIC issued Statement of Statutory Accounting Principles (“SSAP”) No. 10R, Income Taxes – Revised, A Temporary Replacement of SSAP No. 10. SSAP No. 10R was updated in September 2010 and is effective for annual periods December 31, 2010 and interim and annual periods of 2011 and 2012. SSAP No. 10R increases the realization period for deferred tax assets from one year to three years and increases the asset recognition limit from 10% to 15% of adjusted statutory capital and surplus.
Regulatory Capital Requirements
The Company's and its U.S. insurance companies' states of domicile impose risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements. The requirements provide a means of measuring the minimum amount of statutory surplus appropriate for an insurance company to support its overall business operations based on its size and risk profile. Regulatory compliance is determined by a ratio of a company's total adjusted capital (“TAC”) to its authorized control level RBC (“ACL RBC”). Companies below specific trigger points or ratios are classified within certain levels, each of which requires specified corrective action. The minimum level of TAC before corrective action commences is two times the ACL RBC (“Company Action Level”). The adequacy of a company's capital is determined by the ratio of a company's TAC to its Company Action Level (known as the RBC ratio). The Company and all of its operating insurance subsidiaries had RBC ratios in excess of the minimum levels required by the applicable insurance regulations.
Similar to the RBC ratios that are employed by U.S. insurance regulators, regulatory authorities in the international jurisdictions in which the Company operates generally establish minimum solvency requirements for insurance companies. All of the Company's international insurance subsidiaries have solvency margins in excess of the minimum levels required by the applicable regulatory authorities.
Dividend Restrictions
Dividends to the Company from its insurance subsidiaries are restricted, as is the ability of the Company to pay dividends to its parent company. Future dividend decisions will be based on, and affected by, a number of factors, including the operating results and financial requirements of the Company on a stand-alone basis and the impact of regulatory restrictions.
The payment of dividends by Connecticut-domiciled insurers is limited under the insurance holding company laws of Connecticut. These laws require notice to and approval by the state insurance commissioner for the declaration or payment of any dividend, which, together with other dividends or distributions made within the preceding twelve months, exceeds the greater of (i) 10% of the insurer’s policyholder surplus as of December 31 of the preceding year or (ii) net income (or net gain from operations, if such company is a life insurance company) for the twelve-month period ending on the thirty-first day of December last preceding, in each case determined under statutory insurance accounting principles. In addition, if any dividend of a Connecticut-domiciled insurer exceeds the insurer’s earned surplus, it requires the prior approval of the Connecticut Insurance Commissioner. The insurance holding company laws of the other jurisdictions in which the Company’s insurance subsidiaries are incorporated (or deemed commercially domiciled) generally contain similar (although in certain instances somewhat more restrictive) limitations on the payment of dividends.
The Company’s subsidiaries are permitted to pay up to a maximum of approximately $82 in dividends in 2013 without prior approval from the applicable insurance commissioner. In 2012, the Company received no dividends from its subsidiaries. With respect to dividends to its parent, the Company’s dividend limitation under the holding company laws of Connecticut is $515 in 2013. However, because the Company’s earned surplus is negative as of December 31, 2012, the Company will not be permitted to pay any dividends to its parent in 2013 without prior approval from the Connecticut Insurance Commissioner. In 2012, the Company paid no dividends to its parent company. On February 5, 2013 the Company received approval from the State of Connecticut Insurance Department to receive a $1.1 billion extraordinary dividend from its Connecticut domiciled life insurance subsidiaries, and to pay a $1.2 billion extraordinary dividend to its parent company. These dividends were received and paid on February 22, 2013.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
14. Pension Plans, Postretirement, Health Care and Life Insurance Benefit and Savings Plans
Pension Plans
Hartford Life's employees are included in The Hartford's non-contributory defined benefit pension and postretirement health care and life insurance benefit plans. Effective December 31, 2012, The Hartford amended the defined benefit pension to freeze participation and benefit accruals. Also, The Hartford amended its postretirement health care and life insurance benefit plans for all current employees to no longer provide subsidized coverage for current employees who retire on or after January 1, 2014.
Defined benefit pension expense/(income), postretirement health care and life insurance benefits expense/(income) allocated by The Hartford to the Company, was $(3), $45 and $43 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Investment and Savings Plan
Substantially all U.S. employees are eligible to participate in The Hartford’s Investment and Savings Plan under which designated contributions may be invested in common stock of The Hartford or certain other investments. These contributions are matched, up to 3.0% of compensation, by The Hartford. In 2004, The Hartford began allocating a percentage of base salary to the Plan for eligible employees. In 2012, employees whose prior year earnings were less than $110,000 received a contribution of 1.5% of base salary and employees whose prior year earnings were more than $110,000 received a contribution of 0.5% of base salary. The cost to Hartford Life for this plan was approximately $10, $9 and $13 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Effective January 1, 2013, The Hartford will increase benefits under The Hartford Investment and Savings Plan, its defined contribution
401(k) savings plan, and The Hartford Excess Savings Plan. The Company's contributions will be increased to include a non-elective
contribution of 2% of eligible compensation and a dollar-for-dollar matching contribution of up to 6% of eligible compensation contributed by the employee each pay period. Eligible compensation will be expanded to include overtime and bonuses but will be limited to a total of $1,000,000 annually.
15. Stock Compensation Plans
The Hartford has three primary stock-based compensation plans. The Company is included in these plans and has been allocated compensation expense of $32, $14 and $32 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The Company’s income tax benefit recognized for stock-based compensation plans was $11, $5 and $11 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The Company capitalized no cost of stock-based compensation.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
16. Transactions with Affiliates
Parent Company Transactions
Transactions of the Company with Hartford Fire Insurance Company, Hartford Holdings and its affiliates relate principally to tax settlements, reinsurance, insurance coverage, rental and service fees, payment of dividends and capital contributions. In addition, an affiliated entity purchased group annuity contracts from the Company to fund structured settlement periodic payment obligations assumed by the affiliated entity as part of claims settlements with property casualty insurance companies and self-insured entities. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company had $53 and $54 of reserves for claim annuities purchased by affiliated entities. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, the Company recorded earned premiums of $28, $12, and $18 for these intercompany claim annuities. In 2008, the Company issued a payout annuity to an affiliate for $2.2 billion of consideration. The Company will pay the benefits associated with this payout annuity over 12 years.
Substantially all general insurance expenses related to the Company, including rent and employee benefit plan expenses are initially paid by The Hartford. Direct expenses are allocated to the Company using specific identification, and indirect expenses are allocated using other applicable methods. Indirect expenses include those for corporate areas which, depending on type, are allocated based on either a percentage of direct expenses or on utilization.
The Company has issued a guarantee to retirees and vested terminated employees (“Retirees”) of The Hartford Retirement Plan for U.S. Employees (“the Plan”) who retired or terminated prior to January 1, 2004. The Plan is sponsored by The Hartford. The guarantee is an irrevocable commitment to pay all accrued benefits which the Retiree or the Retiree’s designated beneficiary is entitled to receive under the Plan in the event the Plan assets are insufficient to fund those benefits and The Hartford is unable to provide sufficient assets to fund those benefits. The Company believes that the likelihood that payments will be required under this guarantee is remote.
In 1990, Hartford Fire guaranteed the obligations of the Company with respect to life, accident and health insurance and annuity contracts issued after January 1, 1990. The guarantee was issued to provide an increased level of security to potential purchasers of HLIC’s products. Although the guarantee was terminated in 1997, it still covers policies that were issued from 1990 to 1997. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, no recoverables have been recorded for this guarantee, as the Company was able to meet these policyholder obligations.
Reinsurance Assumed from Affiliates
Prior to June 1, 2009, yen and U.S. dollar based fixed market value adjusted (“MVA”) annuity products, written by HLIKK, were sold to customers in Japan. HLIKK, a wholly owned Japanese subsidiary of Hartford Life, Inc., subsequently reinsured in-force and prospective MVA annuities to the Company effective September 1, 2004. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, $2.1 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively, of the account value had been assumed by the Company.
HLAI entered into a reinsurance agreement with HLIKK effective August 31, 2005. HLAI assumed in-force and prospective GMIB riders. Via amendment, effective July 31, 2006, HLAI also assumed GMDB on covered contracts that have an associated GMIB rider in force on or after July 31, 2006. GMIB riders issued prior to April 1, 2005 were recaptured, while GMIB riders issued by HLIKK subsequent to April 1, 2005, continue to be reinsured by HLAI. Additionally, a tiered reinsurance premium structure was implemented.
HLAI has three additional reinsurance agreements with HLIKK covering certain variable annuity contracts. Effective September 30, 2007, HLAI assumed 100% of the in-force and prospective GMAB, GMIB and GMDB risks issued by HLIKK. Effective February 29, 2008, HLAI assumed 100% of the in-force and prospective GMIB and GMDB riders issued by HLIKK. Effective October 1, 2008, HLAI assumed 100% of the in-force and prospective GMDB riders issued on or after April 1, 2005 by HLIKK. The GMDB reinsurance is accounted for as a Death Benefit and Other Insurance Benefit Reserves which is not reported at fair value. The liability for the assumed GMDB reinsurance was $22 and $50 and the net amount at risk for the assumed GMDB reinsurance was $2.7 billion and $5.0 billion at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
While the form of the agreement between HLAI and HLIKK for the GMIB business is reinsurance, in substance and for accounting purposes the agreement is a free standing derivative. As such, the reinsurance agreement for the GMIB business is recorded at fair value on the Company’s balance sheet, with prospective changes in fair value recorded in net realized capital gains (losses) in net income (loss). The fair value of the GMIB liability was $1.8 billion and $3.2 billion at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Effective November 1, 2010, HLAI entered into a reinsurance agreement with Hartford Life Limited Ireland, (“HLL”), a wholly owned subsidiary of HLAI. Through this agreement, HLL agreed to cede, and HLAI agreed to reinsure, GMDB and GMWB risks issued by HLL on its variable annuity business. The GMDB reinsurance is accounted for as a Death Benefit and Other Insurance Benefit Reserves which is not reported at fair value. The liability for the assumed GMDB reinsurance was $4 and $5 and the net amount at risk for the assumed GMDB reinsurance was $42 and $80 at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
16. Transactions with Affiliates (continued)
While the form of the agreements between HLAI and HLIKK, and HLAI and HLL for the GMAB/GMWB business is reinsurance, in substance and for accounting purposes these agreements are free standing derivatives. As such, the reinsurance agreements for the GMAB/GMWB business are recorded at fair value on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, with prospective changes in fair value recorded in net realized capital gains (losses) in net income (loss). The fair value of the GMAB/GMWB liability was $0 and $37 at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Reinsurance Ceded to Affiliates
Effective October 1, 2009, and amended on November 1, 2010, HLAI, entered into a modco and coinsurance with funds withheld reinsurance agreement with WRR. The agreement provides that HLAI will cede, and WRR will reinsure a portion of the risk associated with direct written and assumed variable annuities and the associated GMDB and GMWB riders, HLAI assumed HLIKK’s variable annuity contract and rider benefits, and HLAI assumed HLL’s GMDB and GMWB annuity contract and rider benefits.
Under modco, the assets and the liabilities, and under coinsurance with funds withheld, the assets, associated with the reinsured business will remain on the consolidated balance sheet of HLIC in segregated portfolios, and WRR will receive the economic risks and rewards related to the reinsured business through modco and funds withheld adjustments. These adjustments are recorded as an adjustment to operating expenses.
The impact of this transaction on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations is as follows: |
| | | | | | | | | |
| For the years ended December 31, |
| 2012 | 2011 | 2010 |
Earned premiums | $ | (58 | ) | $ | (61 | ) | $ | (54 | ) |
Net realized gains (losses) [1] | (2,130 | ) | 483 |
| 547 |
|
Total revenues | (2,188 | ) | 422 |
| 493 |
|
Benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses | (55 | ) | (50 | ) | (40 | ) |
Insurance operating costs and other expenses | (1,442 | ) | 836 |
| (333 | ) |
Total expenses | (1,497 | ) | 786 |
| (373 | ) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | (691 | ) | (364 | ) | 866 |
|
Income tax expense (benefit) | (242 | ) | (127 | ) | 303 |
|
Net income (loss) | $ | (449 | ) | $ | (237 | ) | $ | 563 |
|
| |
[1] | Amounts represent the change in valuation of the derivative associated with this transaction. |
The Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets include a modco reinsurance (payable)/recoverable and a deposit liability, as well as a net reinsurance recoverable that is comprised of an embedded derivative. The balance of the modco reinsurance (payable)/recoverable, deposit liability and net reinsurance recoverable were $1.3 billion, $527, $0.9 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2012 and $(2.9) billion, $0, $2.6 billion , respectively, at December 31, 2011.
Champlain Life Reinsurance Company
Effective November 1, 2007, HLAI entered into a modco and coinsurance with funds withheld agreement with Champlain Life Reinsurance Company, an affiliate captive insurance company, to provide statutory surplus relief for certain life insurance policies. The Agreement is accounted for as a financing transaction in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A standby unaffiliated third party Letter of Credit supports a portion of the statutory reserves that have been ceded to the Champlain Life Reinsurance Company.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
17. Restructuring and Other Costs
As a result of a strategic business realignment announced in March 2012, The Hartford is currently focusing on its Property & Casualty, Group Benefits and Mutual Funds businesses. In addition, The Hartford implemented restructuring activities in 2011 across several areas aimed at reducing overall expense levels. The Hartford intends to substantially complete the related restructuring activities over the next 12-18 months. For further discussion of The Hartford's strategic business realignment and related business disposition transactions, see Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 2 - Business Dispositions of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Termination benefits related to workforce reductions and lease and other contract terminations have been accrued through December 31, 2012. Additional costs, mainly severance benefits and other related costs and professional fees, expected to be incurred subsequent to December 31, 2012, and asset impairment charges, if any, will be expensed as appropriate.
The Company's estimated restructuring and other costs are expected to approximate $139, pre-tax. As The Hartford executes on its operational and strategic initiatives, the Company's estimate of and actual costs incurred for restructuring activities may differ from these estimates.
Restructuring and other costs, pre-tax incurred by the Company in connection with these activities are as follows:
|
| | | |
| For the year ended December 31, 2012 |
Severance benefits and related costs | $ | 93 |
|
Professional fees | 23 |
|
Asset impairment charges | 4 |
|
Total restructuring and other costs | $ | 120 |
|
There were no restructuring and other costs incurred by the Company in 2011 and 2010.
Changes in the accrued restructuring liability balance included in other liabilities in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the year ended December 31, 2012 |
| Severance Benefits and Related Costs | Professional Fees | Asset Impairment Charges | Total Restructuring and Other Costs |
Balance, beginning of period | $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
|
Accruals/provisions | 93 |
| 23 |
| 4 |
| 120 |
|
Payments/write-offs | (62 | ) | (23 | ) | (4 | ) | (89 | ) |
Balance, end of period | $ | 31 |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | 31 |
|
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
18. Discontinued Operations
The operations of the Company's U.K. variable annuity business meet the criteria for reporting as discontinued operations in accordance with the announced sale of HLIL. For further information regarding the sale of HLIL, see Note 2 - Business Dispositions.
On December 10, 2012, HLA received regulatory approval to reorganize its Mutual Funds business for the purpose of streamlining the business by consolidating the entities that provide services to the Mutual Funds business under a subsidiary of HLI, thereby separating its Mutual Funds business from its insurance business. Following the reorganization, the Company will no longer have any significant continuing involvement in HLI's Mutual Funds business. For further discussion of the reorganization of the Mutual Funds business, see Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 7 - Goodwill of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
During the fourth quarter of 2010, the Company completed the sales of its indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries Hartford Investments Canada Corporation (“HICC”) and Hartford Advantage Investment, Ltd. (“HAIL”). The Company recognized a net realized capital gain of $41, after-tax, on the sale of HICC and a net realized capital loss of $4, after-tax, on the sale of HAIL.
The Company does not expect these transactions to have a material impact on the Company’s future earnings. The results of operations reflected as discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, consisting of amounts related to the Mutual Funds business, HLIL, HICC and HAIL, are as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| For the years ended December 31, |
| 2012 | 2011 | 2010 |
Revenues | | | |
Fee income and other | $ | 563 |
| $ | 609 |
| $ | 665 |
|
Net investment income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities available-for-sale and other | 10 |
| 8 |
| 9 |
|
Equity securities, trading | 201 |
| (14 | ) | 238 |
|
Total net investment income (loss) | 211 |
| (6 | ) | 247 |
|
Net realized capital gains (loss) | 68 |
| 78 |
| (31 | ) |
Total revenues | 842 |
| 681 |
| 881 |
|
Benefits, losses and expenses |
|
|
|
Benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses | — |
| (1 | ) | 7 |
|
Benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses - returns credited on international variable annuity | 201 |
| (14 | ) | 238 |
|
Insurance operating costs and other expenses | 410 |
| 541 |
| 426 |
|
Amortization of DAC | 35 |
| 47 |
| 68 |
|
Goodwill impairment | 149 |
| — |
| — |
|
Total benefits, losses and expenses | 795 |
| 573 |
| 739 |
|
Income before income taxes | 47 |
| 108 |
| 142 |
|
Income tax expense (benefit) | (14 | ) | 50 |
| 47 |
|
Income from operations of discontinued operations, net of tax | 61 |
| 58 |
| 95 |
|
Net realized capital gain on disposal, net of tax | — |
| — |
| 37 |
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | $ | 61 |
| $ | 58 |
| $ | 132 |
|
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
19. Quarterly Results (Unaudited)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended |
| March 31, | June 30, | September 30, | December 31, |
| 2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 |
Total revenues | $ | 198 |
| $ | 974 |
| $ | 2,110 |
| $ | 1,575 |
| $ | 1,170 |
| $ | 2,472 |
| $ | 626 |
| $ | 901 |
|
Total benefits, losses and expenses | (60 | ) | 740 |
| 2,014 |
| 1,360 |
| 948 |
| 3,285 |
| 671 |
| 674 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax | 202 |
| 192 |
| 93 |
| 287 |
| 173 |
| (486 | ) | 27 |
| 193 |
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | 86 |
| 42 |
| (6 | ) | 33 |
| 30 |
| (17 | ) | (49 | ) | — |
|
Net income (loss) | 288 |
| 234 |
| 87 |
| 320 |
| 203 |
| (503 | ) | (22 | ) | 193 |
|
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest | (1 | ) | 1 |
| — |
| 1 |
| — |
| (4 | ) | 3 |
| 2 |
|
Net income (loss) attributable to Hartford Life Insurance Company | $ | 289 |
| $ | 233 |
| $ | 87 |
| $ | 319 |
| $ | 203 |
| $ | (499 | ) | $ | (25 | ) | $ | 191 |
|
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE I
SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS—OTHER THAN INVESTMENTS IN AFFILIATES
($ in millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, 2012 |
Type of Investment | Cost | Fair Value | Amount at which shown on Balance Sheet |
Fixed maturities | | | |
Bonds and notes | | | |
U.S. government and government agencies and authorities (guaranteed and sponsored) | $ | 6,312 |
| $ | 6,659 |
| $ | 6,659 |
|
States, municipalities and political subdivisions | 1,808 |
| 1,998 |
| 1,998 |
|
Foreign governments | 1,369 |
| 1,460 |
| 1,460 |
|
Public utilities | 5,477 |
| 6,193 |
| 6,193 |
|
All other corporate bonds | 22,297 |
| 24,786 |
| 24,786 |
|
All other mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | 8,490 |
| 8,308 |
| 8,308 |
|
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale | 45,753 |
| 49,404 |
| 49,404 |
|
Fixed maturities, at fair value using fair value option | 1,461 |
| 1,010 |
| 1,010 |
|
Total fixed maturities | 47,214 |
| 50,414 |
| 50,414 |
|
Equity securities | | | |
Common stocks | | | |
Industrial, miscellaneous and all other | 236 |
| 247 |
| 247 |
|
Non-redeemable preferred stocks | 172 |
| 153 |
| 153 |
|
Total equity securities, available-for-sale | 408 |
| 400 |
| 400 |
|
Equity securities, trading | 1,614 |
| 1,847 |
| 1,847 |
|
Total equity securities | 2,022 |
| 2,247 |
| 2,247 |
|
Mortgage loans | 4,935 |
| 5,109 |
| 4,935 |
|
Policy loans | 1,951 |
| 2,112 |
| 1,951 |
|
Investments in partnerships and trusts | 1,372 |
| 1,372 |
| 1,372 |
|
Futures, options and miscellaneous | 1,461 |
| 582 |
| 582 |
|
Short-term investments | 2,354 |
| 2,354 |
| 2,354 |
|
Total investments | $ | 61,309 |
| $ | 64,190 |
| $ | 63,855 |
|
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE IV
REINSURANCE
(In millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross Amount | Ceded to Other Companies | Assumed From Other Companies | Net Amount | Percentage of Amount Assumed to Net |
For the year ended December 31, 2012 | | | | | |
Life insurance in force | $ | 355,164 |
| $ | 151,982 |
| $ | 781 |
| $ | 203,963 |
| — | % |
Insurance revenues | | | | | |
Life insurance and annuities | $ | 3,441 |
| $ | 517 |
| $ | 8 |
| $ | 2,932 |
| — | % |
Accident and health insurance | 298 |
| 181 |
| — |
| 117 |
| — | % |
Total insurance revenues | $ | 3,739 |
| $ | 698 |
| $ | 8 |
| $ | 3,049 |
| — | % |
For the year ended December 31, 2011 | | | | | |
Life insurance in force | $ | 316,817 |
| $ | 130,029 |
| $ | 1,941 |
| $ | 188,729 |
| 1 | % |
Insurance revenues | | | | | |
Life insurance and annuities | $ | 3,842 |
| $ | 531 |
| $ | 13 |
| $ | 3,324 |
| — | % |
Accident and health insurance | 305 |
| 202 |
| — |
| 103 |
| — | % |
Total insurance revenues | $ | 4,147 |
| $ | 733 |
| $ | 13 |
| $ | 3,427 |
| — | % |
For the year ended December 31, 2010 | | | | | |
Life insurance in force | $ | 359,644 |
| $ | 150,446 |
| $ | 2,027 |
| $ | 211,225 |
| 1 | % |
Insurance revenues | | | | | |
Life insurance and annuities | $ | 3,811 |
| $ | 546 |
| $ | 69 |
| $ | 3,334 |
| 2 | % |
Accident and health insurance | 316 |
| 213 |
| — |
| 103 |
| — | % |
Total insurance revenues | $ | 4,127 |
| $ | 759 |
| $ | 69 |
| $ | 3,437 |
| 2 | % |
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE V
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(In millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance January 1, | Charged to Costs and Expenses | Translation Adjustment | Write-offs/ Payments/ Other | Balance December 31, |
2012 | | | | | |
Valuation allowance on deferred tax asset | $ | 78 |
| $ | (25 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | 53 |
|
Valuation allowance on mortgage loans | 23 |
| (4 | ) | — |
| (5 | ) | 14 |
|
2011 | | | | | |
Valuation allowance on deferred tax asset | 131 |
| (53 | ) | — |
| — |
| 78 |
|
Valuation allowance on mortgage loans | 62 |
| (25 | ) | — |
| (14 | ) | 23 |
|
2010 | | | | | |
Valuation allowance on deferred tax asset | 81 |
| 50 |
| — |
| — |
| 131 |
|
Valuation allowance on mortgage loans | 260 |
| 108 |
| — |
| (306 | ) | 62 |
|