Bank segment (HEI only) | Note 4 · Bank segment (HEI only) Selected financial information American Savings Bank, F.S.B. Statements of Income Data Years ended December 31 2018 2017 2016 (in thousands) Interest and dividend income Interest and fees on loans $ 220,463 $ 207,255 $ 199,774 Interest and dividends on investment securities 37,762 28,823 19,184 Total interest and dividend income 258,225 236,078 218,958 Interest expense Interest on deposit liabilities 13,991 9,660 7,167 Interest on other borrowings 1,548 2,496 5,588 Total interest expense 15,539 12,156 12,755 Net interest income 242,686 223,922 206,203 Provision for loan losses 14,745 10,901 16,763 Net interest income after provision for loan losses 227,941 213,021 189,440 Noninterest income Fees from other financial services 18,937 22,796 22,384 Fee income on deposit liabilities 21,311 22,204 21,759 Fee income on other financial products 7,052 7,205 8,707 Bank-owned life insurance 5,057 5,539 4,637 Mortgage banking income 1,493 2,201 6,625 Gains on sale of investment securities, net — — 598 Other income, net 2,200 1,617 2,256 Total noninterest income 56,050 61,562 66,966 Noninterest expense Compensation and employee benefits 98,387 94,931 89,242 Occupancy 17,073 16,699 16,321 Data processing 14,268 13,280 13,030 Services 10,847 10,994 11,054 Equipment 7,186 7,232 6,938 Office supplies, printing and postage 6,134 6,182 6,075 Marketing 3,567 3,501 3,489 FDIC insurance 2,713 2,904 3,543 Other expense 17,238 20,144 19,362 Total noninterest expense 177,413 175,867 169,054 Income before income taxes 106,578 98,716 87,352 Income taxes 24,069 31,719 30,073 Net income $ 82,509 $ 66,997 $ 57,279 Reconciliation to amounts per HEI Consolidated Statements of Income*: Years ended December 31 2018 2017 2016 (in thousands) Interest and dividend income $ 258,225 $ 236,078 $ 218,958 Noninterest income 56,050 61,562 66,966 *Revenues-Bank 314,275 297,640 285,924 Total interest expense 15,539 12,156 12,755 Provision for loan losses 14,745 10,901 16,763 Total noninterest expense 177,413 175,867 169,054 Less: Retirement defined benefits expense—other than service costs (1,657 ) (820 ) (875 ) *Expenses-Bank 206,040 198,104 197,697 *Operating income-Bank 108,235 99,536 88,227 Add back: Retirement defined benefits expense—other than service costs 1,657 820 875 Income before income taxes $ 106,578 $ 98,716 $ 87,352 Statements of Comprehensive Income Data Years ended December 31 2018 2017 2016 (in thousands) Net income $ 82,509 $ 66,997 $ 57,279 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes: Net unrealized losses on available-for sale investment securities: Net unrealized losses on available-for sale investment securities arising during the period, net of tax benefits of $3,468, $2,886 and $3,763 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively (9,472 ) (4,370 ) (5,699 ) Reclassification adjustment for net realized gains included in net income, net of taxes of nil, nil and $238 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively — — (360 ) Retirement benefit plans: Adjustment for amortization of prior service credit and net losses recognized during the period in net periodic benefit cost, net of tax benefits of $1,108, $812 and $566 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively 2,353 1,231 857 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits (7,119 ) (3,139 ) (5,202 ) Comprehensive income $ 75,390 $ 63,858 $ 52,077 Balance Sheets Data December 31 2018 2017 (in thousands) Assets Cash and due from banks $ 122,059 $ 140,934 Interest-bearing deposits 4,225 93,165 Investment securities Available-for-sale, at fair value 1,388,533 1,401,198 Held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $142,057 and $44,412 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively) 141,875 44,515 Stock in Federal Home Loan Bank, at cost 9,958 9,706 Loans held for investment 4,843,021 4,670,768 Allowance for loan losses (52,119 ) (53,637 ) Net loans 4,790,902 4,617,131 Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value 1,805 11,250 Other 486,347 398,570 Goodwill 82,190 82,190 Total assets $ 7,027,894 $ 6,798,659 Liabilities and shareholder’s equity Deposit liabilities–noninterest-bearing $ 1,800,727 $ 1,760,233 Deposit liabilities–interest-bearing 4,358,125 4,130,364 Other borrowings 110,040 190,859 Other 124,613 110,356 Total liabilities 6,393,505 6,191,812 Commitments and contingencies Common stock 1 1 Additional paid in capital 347,170 345,018 Retained earnings 325,286 292,957 Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits Net unrealized losses on securities $ (24,423 ) $ (14,951 ) Retirement benefit plans (13,645 ) (38,068 ) (16,178 ) (31,129 ) Total shareholder’s equity 634,389 606,847 Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity $ 7,027,894 $ 6,798,659 December 31 2018 2017 (in thousands) Other assets Bank-owned life insurance $ 151,172 $ 148,775 Premises and equipment, net 214,415 136,270 Accrued interest receivable 20,140 18,724 Mortgage servicing rights 8,062 8,639 Low-income housing investments 67,626 59,016 Real estate acquired in settlement of loans, net 406 133 Other 24,526 27,013 $ 486,347 $ 398,570 Other liabilities Accrued expenses $ 54,084 $ 39,312 Federal and state income taxes payable 2,012 3,736 Cashier’s checks 26,906 27,000 Advance payments by borrowers 10,183 10,245 Other 31,428 30,063 $ 124,613 $ 110,356 Bank-owned life insurance is life insurance purchased by ASB on the lives of certain key employees, with ASB as the beneficiary. The insurance is used to fund employee benefits through tax-free income from increases in the cash value of the policies and insurance proceeds paid to ASB upon an insured’s death. The increase in premises and equipment, net was due to the expenditures of $76.5 million for the new campus project. Investment securities. The major components of investment securities were as follows: Gross unrealized losses Gross Gross Estimated Less than 12 months 12 months or longer (dollars in thousands) Amortized cost unrealized gains unrealized losses fair value Number of issues Fair value Amount Number of issues Fair value Amount December 31, 2018 Available-for-sale U.S. Treasury and federal agency obligations $ 156,694 $ 62 $ (2,407 ) $ 154,349 5 $ 25,882 $ (208 ) 19 $ 118,405 $ (2,199 ) Mortgage-backed securities — issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agencies 1,192,169 789 (31,542 ) 1,161,416 22 129,011 (1,330 ) 145 947,890 (30,212 ) Corporate bonds 49,398 103 (369 ) 49,132 6 23,175 (369 ) — — — Mortgage revenue bonds 23,636 — — 23,636 — — — — — — $ 1,421,897 $ 954 $ (34,318 ) $ 1,388,533 33 $ 178,068 $ (1,907 ) 164 $ 1,066,295 $ (32,411 ) Held-to-maturity Mortgage-backed securities — issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agencies $ 141,875 $ 1,446 $ (1,264 ) $ 142,057 3 $ 29,814 $ (400 ) 2 $ 31,505 $ (864 ) $ 141,875 $ 1,446 $ (1,264 ) $ 142,057 3 $ 29,814 $ (400 ) 2 $ 31,505 $ (864 ) December 31, 2017 Available-for-sale U.S. Treasury and federal agency obligations $ 185,891 $ 438 $ (2,031 ) $ 184,298 15 $ 83,137 $ (825 ) 8 $ 62,296 $ (1,206 ) Mortgage-backed securities — issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agencies 1,220,304 793 (19,624 ) 1,201,473 67 653,635 (6,839 ) 77 459,912 (12,785 ) Mortgage revenue bond 15,427 — — 15,427 — — — — — — $ 1,421,622 $ 1,231 $ (21,655 ) $ 1,401,198 82 $ 736,772 $ (7,664 ) 85 $ 522,208 $ (13,991 ) Held-to-maturity Mortgage-backed securities — issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agencies $ 44,515 $ 1 $ (104 ) $ 44,412 2 $ 35,744 $ (104 ) — $ — $ — $ 44,515 $ 1 $ (104 ) $ 44,412 2 $ 35,744 $ (104 ) — $ — $ — ASB does not believe that the investment securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2018 , represent an OTTI. Total gross unrealized losses were primarily attributable to change in market conditions. On a quarterly basis the investment securities are evaluated for changes in financial condition of the issuer. Based upon ASB’s evaluation, all securities held within the investment portfolio continue to be investment grade by one or more agencies. The contractual cash flows of the U.S. Treasury, federal agency obligations and agency mortgage-backed securities are backed by the full faith and credit guaranty of the United States government or an agency of the government. ASB does not intend to sell the securities before the recovery of its amortized cost basis and there have been no adverse changes in the timing of the contractual cash flows for the securities. ASB did not recognize OTTI for 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . U.S. Treasury, federal agency obligations, corporate bonds, and mortgage revenue bonds have contractual terms to maturity. Mortgage-backed securities have contractual terms to maturity, but require periodic payments to reduce principal. In addition, expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to prepay the underlying mortgages. The contractual maturities of investment securities were as follows: Amortized Fair December 31, 2018 Cost value (in thousands) Available-for-sale Due in one year or less $ 20,002 $ 19,955 Due after one year through five years 117,549 116,508 Due after five years through ten years 76,750 75,227 Due after ten years 15,427 15,427 229,728 227,117 Mortgage-backed securities — issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agencies 1,192,169 1,161,416 Total available-for-sale securities $ 1,421,897 $ 1,388,533 Held-to-maturity Mortgage-backed securities — issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agencies $ 141,875 $ 142,057 Total held-to-maturity securities $ 141,875 $ 142,057 The proceeds, gross gains and losses from sales of available-for-sale securities were as follows: Years ended December 31 2018 2017 2016 (in millions) Proceeds $ — $ — $ 16.4 Gross gains — — 0.6 Gross losses — — — Interest income from taxable and non-taxable investment securities were as follows: Years ended December 31 2018 2017 2016 (in thousands) Taxable $ 37,153 $ 28,398 $ 19,166 Non-taxable 609 425 18 $ 37,762 $ 28,823 $ 19,184 ASB pledged securities with a market value of approximately $546.1 million and $411.4 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, as collateral for public funds and other deposits, automated clearinghouse transactions with Bank of Hawaii, borrowing at the discount window of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, and deposits in ASB’s bankruptcy account with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , securities with a carrying value of $92.0 million and $165.1 million , respectively, were pledged as collateral for securities sold under agreements to repurchase. Stock in FHLB . As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , ASB’s stock in FHLB was carried at cost ( $10.0 million and $9.7 million , respectively) because it can only be redeemed at par and it is a required investment based on measurements of ASB’s capital, assets and borrowing levels. Quarterly and as conditions warrant, ASB reviews its investment in the stock of the FHLB for impairment. ASB evaluated its investment in FHLB stock for OTTI as of December 31, 2018 , consistent with its accounting policy. ASB did not recognize an OTTI loss for 2018 , 2017 and 2016 based on its evaluation of the underlying investment. Future deterioration in the FHLB’s financial position and/or negative developments in any of the factors considered in ASB’s impairment evaluation may result in future impairment losses. Loans. The components of loans were summarized as follows: December 31 2018 2017 (in thousands) Real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 2,143,397 $ 2,118,047 Commercial real estate 748,398 733,106 Home equity line of credit 978,237 913,052 Residential land 13,138 15,797 Commercial construction 92,264 108,273 Residential construction 14,307 14,910 Total real estate 3,989,741 3,903,185 Commercial 587,891 544,828 Consumer 266,002 223,564 Total loans 4,843,634 4,671,577 Less: Deferred fees and discounts (613 ) (809 ) Allowance for loan losses (52,119 ) (53,637 ) Total loans, net $ 4,790,902 $ 4,617,131 ASB’s policy is to require private mortgage insurance on all real estate loans when the loan-to-value ratio of the property exceeds 80% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price at origination. For non-owner occupied residential properties, the loan-to-value ratio may not exceed 80% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price at origination. ASB services real estate loans for investors (principal balance of $1.2 billion as of December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 ), which are not included in the accompanying balance sheets data. ASB reports fees earned for servicing such loans as income when the related mortgage loan payments are collected and charges loan servicing cost to expense as incurred. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , ASB had pledged loans with an amortized cost of approximately $2.7 billion and $ 2.4 billion , respectively, as collateral to secure advances from the FHLB. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the aggregate amount of loans to directors and executive officers of ASB and its affiliates and any related interests (as defined in Federal Reserve Board (FRB) Regulation O) of such individuals, was $24.0 million and $23.8 million , respectively. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , $18.3 million and $18.7 million of the loan balances, respectively, were to related interests of individuals who are directors of ASB. All such loans were made at ASB’s normal credit terms. Allowance for loan losses. As discussed in Note 1 , ASB must maintain an allowance for loan losses that is adequate to absorb estimated probable credit losses associated with its loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses (balances and changes) and financing receivables were as follows: (in thousands) Residential 1-4 family Commercial Home equity Residential land Commercial construction Residential construction Commercial Consumer Total December 31, 2018 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 2,902 $ 15,796 $ 7,522 $ 896 $ 4,671 $ 12 $ 10,851 $ 10,987 $ 53,637 Charge-offs (128 ) — (353 ) (18 ) — — (2,722 ) (17,296 ) (20,517 ) Recoveries 74 — 257 179 — — 2,136 1,608 4,254 Provision (872 ) (1,291 ) (1,055 ) (578 ) (1,881 ) (8 ) (1,040 ) 21,470 14,745 Ending balance $ 1,976 $ 14,505 $ 6,371 $ 479 $ 2,790 $ 4 $ 9,225 $ 16,769 $ 52,119 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 876 $ 7 $ 701 $ 6 $ — $ — $ 628 $ 4 $ 2,222 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,100 $ 14,498 $ 5,670 $ 473 $ 2,790 $ 4 $ 8,597 $ 16,765 $ 49,897 Financing Receivables: Ending balance $ 2,143,397 $ 748,398 $ 978,237 $ 13,138 $ 92,264 $ 14,307 $ 587,891 $ 266,002 $ 4,843,634 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 16,494 $ 915 $ 14,800 $ 2,059 $ — $ — $ 5,340 $ 89 $ 39,697 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 2,126,903 $ 747,483 $ 963,437 $ 11,079 $ 92,264 $ 14,307 $ 582,551 $ 265,913 $ 4,803,937 December 31, 2017 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 2,873 $ 16,004 $ 5,039 $ 1,738 $ 6,449 $ 12 $ 16,618 $ 6,800 $ 55,533 Charge-offs (826 ) — (14 ) (210 ) — — (4,006 ) (11,757 ) (16,813 ) Recoveries 157 — 308 482 — — 1,852 1,217 4,016 Provision 698 (208 ) 2,189 (1,114 ) (1,778 ) — (3,613 ) 14,727 10,901 Ending balance $ 2,902 $ 15,796 $ 7,522 $ 896 $ 4,671 $ 12 $ 10,851 $ 10,987 $ 53,637 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,248 $ 65 $ 647 $ 47 $ — $ — $ 694 $ 29 $ 2,730 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,654 $ 15,731 $ 6,875 $ 849 $ 4,671 $ 12 $ 10,157 $ 10,958 $ 50,907 Financing Receivables: Ending balance $ 2,118,047 $ 733,106 $ 913,052 $ 15,797 $ 108,273 $ 14,910 $ 544,828 $ 223,564 $ 4,671,577 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 18,284 $ 1,016 $ 8,188 $ 1,265 $ — $ — $ 4,574 $ 66 $ 33,393 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 2,099,763 $ 732,090 $ 904,864 $ 14,532 $ 108,273 $ 14,910 $ 540,254 $ 223,498 $ 4,638,184 December 31, 2016 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 4,186 $ 11,342 $ 7,260 $ 1,671 $ 4,461 $ 13 $ 17,208 $ 3,897 $ 50,038 Charge-offs (639 ) — (112 ) (138 ) — — (5,943 ) (7,413 ) (14,245 ) Recoveries 421 — 59 461 — — 1,093 943 2,977 Provision (1,095 ) 4,662 (2,168 ) (256 ) 1,988 (1 ) 4,260 9,373 16,763 Ending balance $ 2,873 $ 16,004 $ 5,039 $ 1,738 $ 6,449 $ 12 $ 16,618 $ 6,800 $ 55,533 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,352 $ 80 $ 215 $ 789 $ — $ — $ 1,641 $ 6 $ 4,083 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,521 $ 15,924 $ 4,824 $ 949 $ 6,449 $ 12 $ 14,977 $ 6,794 $ 51,450 Financing Receivables: Ending balance $ 2,048,051 $ 800,395 $ 863,163 $ 18,889 $ 126,768 $ 16,080 $ 692,051 $ 178,222 $ 4,743,619 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 19,854 $ 1,569 $ 6,158 $ 3,629 $ — $ — $ 20,539 $ 10 $ 51,759 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 2,028,197 $ 798,826 $ 857,005 $ 15,260 $ 126,768 $ 16,080 $ 671,512 $ 178,212 $ 4,691,860 Credit quality . ASB performs an internal loan review and grading on an ongoing basis. The review provides management with periodic information as to the quality of the loan portfolio and effectiveness of its lending policies and procedures. The objectives of the loan review and grading procedures are to identify, in a timely manner, existing or emerging credit trends so that appropriate steps can be initiated to manage risk and avoid or minimize future losses. Loans subject to grading include commercial, commercial real estate and commercial construction loans. Each commercial and commercial real estate loan is assigned an Asset Quality Rating (AQR) reflecting the likelihood of repayment or orderly liquidation of that loan transaction pursuant to regulatory credit classifications: Pass, Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss. The AQR is a function of the probability of default model rating, the loss given default, and possible non-model factors which impact the ultimate collectability of the loan such as character of the business owner/guarantor, interim period performance, litigation, tax liens and major changes in business and economic conditions. Pass exposures generally are well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the asset or underlying collateral. Special Mention loans have potential weaknesses that, if left uncorrected, could jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Substandard loans have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank may sustain some loss. An asset classified Doubtful has the weaknesses of those classified Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. An asset classified Loss is considered uncollectible and has such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted. The credit risk profile by internally assigned grade for loans was as follows: December 31 2018 2017 (in thousands) Commercial real estate Commercial construction Commercial Total Commercial real estate Commercial construction Commercial Total Grade: Pass $ 658,288 $ 89,974 $ 547,640 $ 1,295,902 $ 630,877 $ 83,757 $ 492,942 $ 1,207,576 Special mention 32,871 — 11,598 44,469 49,347 22,500 27,997 99,844 Substandard 57,239 2,290 28,653 88,182 52,882 2,016 23,421 78,319 Doubtful — — — — — — 468 468 Loss — — — — — — — — Total $ 748,398 $ 92,264 $ 587,891 $ 1,428,553 $ 733,106 $ 108,273 $ 544,828 $ 1,386,207 The credit risk profile based on payment activity for loans was as follows: (in thousands) 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due Greater than 90 days Total past due Current Total financing receivables Recorded investment> 90 days and accruing December 31, 2018 Real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 3,757 $ 2,773 $ 2,339 $ 8,869 $ 2,134,528 $ 2,143,397 $ — Commercial real estate — — — — 748,398 748,398 — Home equity line of credit 1,139 681 2,720 4,540 973,697 978,237 — Residential land 9 — 319 328 12,810 13,138 — Commercial construction — — — — 92,264 92,264 — Residential construction — — — — 14,307 14,307 — Commercial 315 281 548 1,144 586,747 587,891 — Consumer 5,220 3,166 2,702 11,088 254,914 266,002 — Total loans $ 10,440 $ 6,901 $ 8,628 $ 25,969 $ 4,817,665 $ 4,843,634 $ — December 31, 2017 Real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 1,532 $ 1,715 $ 5,071 $ 8,318 $ 2,109,729 $ 2,118,047 $ — Commercial real estate — — — — 733,106 733,106 — Home equity line of credit 425 114 2,051 2,590 910,462 913,052 — Residential land 23 — 625 648 15,149 15,797 — Commercial construction — — — — 108,273 108,273 — Residential construction — — — — 14,910 14,910 — Commercial 1,825 2,025 730 4,580 540,248 544,828 — Consumer 3,432 2,159 1,876 7,467 216,097 223,564 — Total loans $ 7,237 $ 6,013 $ 10,353 $ 23,603 $ 4,647,974 $ 4,671,577 $ — The credit risk profile based on nonaccrual loans, accruing loans 90 days or more past due, and TDR loans was as follows: December 31 2018 2017 (in thousands) Real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 12,037 $ 12,598 Commercial real estate — — Home equity line of credit 6,348 4,466 Residential land 436 841 Commercial construction — — Residential construction — — Commercial 4,278 3,069 Consumer 4,196 2,617 Total nonaccrual loans $ 27,295 $ 23,591 Real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ — $ — Commercial real estate — — Home equity line of credit — — Residential land — — Commercial construction — — Residential construction — — Commercial — — Consumer — — Total accruing loans 90 days or more past due $ — $ — Real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 10,194 $ 10,982 Commercial real estate 915 1,016 Home equity line of credit 11,597 6,584 Residential land 1,622 425 Commercial construction — — Residential construction — — Commercial 1,527 1,741 Consumer 62 66 Total troubled debt restructured loans not included above $ 25,917 $ 20,814 The total carrying amount and the total unpaid principal balance of impaired loans were as follows: December 31 2018 2017 (in thousands) Recorded investment Unpaid principal balance Related allowance Recorded investment Unpaid principal balance Related allowance With no related allowance recorded Real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 7,822 $ 8,333 $ — $ 9,097 $ 9,644 $ — Commercial real estate — — — — — — Home equity line of credit 2,743 3,004 — 1,496 1,789 — Residential land 2,030 2,228 — 1,143 1,434 — Commercial construction — — — — — — Residential construction — — — — — — Commercial 3,722 4,775 — 2,328 3,166 — Consumer 32 32 — 8 8 — 16,349 18,372 — 14,072 16,041 — With an allowance recorded Real estate: Residential 1-4 family 8,672 8,875 876 9,187 9,390 1,248 Commercial real estate 915 915 7 1,016 1,016 65 Home equity line of credit 12,057 12,086 701 6,692 6,736 647 Residential land 29 29 6 122 122 47 Commercial construction — — — — — — Residential construction — — — — — — Commercial 1,618 1,618 628 2,246 2,252 694 Consumer 57 57 4 58 58 29 23,348 23,580 2,222 19,321 19,574 2,730 Total Real estate: Residential 1-4 family 16,494 17,208 876 18,284 19,034 1,248 Commercial real estate 915 915 7 1,016 1,016 65 Home equity line of credit 14,800 15,090 701 8,188 8,525 647 Residential land 2,059 2,257 6 1,265 1,556 47 Commercial construction — — — — — — Residential construction — — — — — — Commercial 5,340 6,393 628 4,574 5,418 694 Consumer 89 89 4 66 66 29 $ 39,697 $ 41,952 $ 2,222 $ 33,393 $ 35,615 $ 2,730 ASB’s average recorded investment of, and interest income recognized from, impaired loans were as follows: December 31 2018 2017 2016 (in thousands) Average Interest Average Interest Average Interest With no related allowance recorded Real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 8,595 $ 445 $ 9,440 $ 316 $ 10,136 $ 324 Commercial real estate — — 91 11 1,124 — Home equity line of credit 2,206 75 1,976 101 1,105 23 Residential land 1,532 40 1,094 117 1,518 66 Commercial construction — — — — — — Residential construction — — — — — — Commercial 3,275 28 2,776 54 8,694 370 Consumer 22 — 1 — 2 — 15,630 588 15,378 599 22,579 783 With an allowance recorded Real estate: Residential 1-4 family 8,878 363 9,818 493 11,589 457 Commercial real estate 982 42 1,241 54 1,962 15 Home equity line of credit 10,617 440 5,045 251 3,765 137 Residential land 37 3 1,308 97 2,964 206 Commercial construction — — — — — — Residential construction — — — — — — Commercial 1,789 122 3,691 723 16,106 456 Consumer 57 4 57 3 12 — 22,360 974 21,160 1,621 36,398 1,271 Total Real estate: Residential 1-4 family 17,473 808 19,258 809 21,725 781 Commercial real estate 982 42 1,332 65 3,086 15 Home equity line of credit 12,823 515 7,021 352 4,870 160 Residential land 1,569 43 2,402 214 4,482 272 Commercial construction — — — — — — Residential construction — — — — — — Commercial 5,064 150 6,467 777 24,800 826 Consumer 79 4 58 3 14 — $ 37,990 $ 1,562 $ 36,538 $ 2,220 $ 58,977 $ 2,054 * Since loan was classified as impaired. Troubled debt restructurings. A loan modification is deemed to be a TDR when the borrower is determined to be experiencing financial difficulties and ASB grants a concession it would not otherwise consider. When a borrower experiencing financial difficulty fails to make a required payment on a loan or is in imminent default, ASB takes a number of steps to improve the collectability of the loan and maximize the likelihood of full repayment. At times, ASB may modify or restructure a loan to help a distressed borrower improve its financial position to eventually be able to fully repay the loan, provided the borrower has demonstrated both the willingness and the ability to fulfill the modified terms. TDR loans are considered an alternative to foreclosure or liquidation with the goal of minimizing losses to ASB and maximizing recovery. ASB may consider various types of concessions in granting a TDR including maturity date extensions, extended amortization of principal, temporary deferral of principal payments, and temporary interest rate reductions. ASB rarely grants principal forgiveness in its TDR modifications. Residential loan modifications generally involve interest rate reduction, extending the amortization period, or capitalizing certain delinquent amounts owed not to exceed the original loan balance. Land loans at origination are typically structured as a three -year term, interest-only monthly payment with a balloon payment due at maturity. Land loan TDR modifications typically involve extending the maturity date up to five years and converting the payments from interest-only to principal and interest monthly, at the same or higher interest rate. Commercial loan modifications generally involve extensions of maturity dates, extending the amortization period, and temporary deferral or reduction of principal payments. ASB generally does not reduce the interest rate on commercial loan TDR modifications. Occasionally, additional collateral and/or guaranties are obtained. All TDR loans are classified as impaired and are segregated and reviewed separately when assessing the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses based on the appropriate method of measuring impairment: (1) present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective original contractual rate, (2) fair value of collateral less cost to sell or (3) observable market price. The financial impact of the calculated impairment amount is an increase to the allowance associated with the modified loan. When available information confirms that specific loans or portions thereof are uncollectible (confirmed losses), these amounts are charged off against the allowance for loan losses. Loan modifications that occurred during 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 and the impact on the allowance for loan losses were as follows: (dollars in thousands) Number of contracts Outstanding recorded investment Net increase in ALLL Years ended Pre-modification Post-modification December 31, 2018 Real estate: Residential 1-4 family 5 $ 1,107 $ 1,133 $ 17 Commercial real estate — — — — Home equity line of credit 58 7,487 7,492 1,220 Residential land 5 1,776 1,786 — Commercial construction — — — — Residential construction — — — — Commercial 13 2,550 2,550 176 Consumer — — — — 81 $ 12,920 $ 12,961 $ 1,413 December 31, 2017 Real estate: Residential 1-4 family 7 $ 742 $ 750 $ 45 Commercial real estate — — — — Home equity line of credit 46 3,016 3,002 557 Residential land 1 92 92 — Commercial construction — — — — Residential construction — — — — Commercial 9 889 889 248 Consumer 1 59 59 27 64 $ 4,798 $ 4,792 $ 877 December 31, 2016 Real estate: Residential 1-4 family 14 $ 3,131 $ 3,245 $ 337 Commercial real estate — — — — Home equity line of credit 36 3,337 3,337 554 Residential land 2 203 204 — Commercial construction — — — — Residential construction — — — — Commercial 15 20,266 20,266 865 Consumer — — — — 67 $ 26,937 $ 27,052 $ 1,756 Loans modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default of 90 days or more in 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification, were as follows: Years ended December 31 2018 2017 2016 (dollars in thousands) Number of contracts Recorded investment Number of contracts Recorded investment Number of Recorded Troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted Real estate: Residential 1-4 family — $ — 1 $ 222 1 $ 239 Commercial real estate — — — — — — Home equity line of credit 1 81 — — — — Residential land — — — — — — Commercial construction — — — — — — Residential construction — — — — — — Commercial 1 246 — — 1 24 Consumer — — — — — — 2 $ 327 1 $ 222 2 $ 263 If loans modified in a TDR subsequently default, ASB evaluates the loan for further impairment. Based on its evaluation, adjustments may be made in the allocation of the allowance or partial charge-offs may be taken to further write-down the carrying value of the loan. Commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loan terms have been modified in a TDR were nil at December 31, 2018 and 2017 . The Company had $4.2 million and $4.3 million of consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that were in the process of foreclosure at December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs). In its mortgage banking business, ASB sells residential mortgage loans to government-sponsored entities and other parties, who may issue securities backed by pools of such loans. ASB retains no beneficial interests in these loans other than the servicing rights of certain loans sold. ASB received $112.2 million , $128.0 million and $236.1 million of proceeds from the sale of residential mortgages in 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , respectively, and recognized gains on such sales of $1.5 million , $2.2 million , and $6.6 million in 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , respectively. Repurchased mortgage loans were nil for 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . Mortgage servicing fees, a component of other income, net, were $3.0 million , $3.0 million , and $2.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , respectively. Changes in the carrying value of MSRs were as follows: (in thousands) Gross 1 Accumulated amortization 1 Valuation allowance Net December 31, 2018 $ 18,556 $ (10,494 ) $ — $ 8,062 December 31, 2017 $ 17,511 $ (8,872 ) $ — $ 8,639 1 Reflects impact of loans paid in full. Changes related to MSRs were as follows: (in thousands) 2018 2017 2016 Mortgage servicing rights Balance, January 1 $ 8,639 $ 9,373 $ 8,884 Amount capitalized 1,045 1,239 2,740 Amortization (1,622 ) (1,973 ) (2,251 ) Sale of mortgage servicing rights — — — Other-than-temporary impairment — — — Carrying amount before valuation allowance, December 31 8,062 8,639 9,373 Valuation allowance for mortgage servicing rights Balance, January 1 — — — Provision (recovery) — — — Other-than-temporary impairment — — — Balance, December 31 — — — Net carrying value of mortgage servicing rights $ 8,062 $ 8,639 $ 9,373 The estimated aggregate amortization expenses of MSRs for 2019 , 2020 , 2021 , 2022 and 2023 are $1.1 million , $1.0 million , $0.9 million , $0.8 million and $0.7 million , respectively. ASB capitalizes MSRs acquired upon the sale of mortgage loans with servicing rights retained. On a monthly basis, ASB compares the net carrying value of the MSRs to its fair value to determine if there are any changes to the valuation allowance and/or other-than-temporary impairment for the MSRs. ASB’s MSRs are stratified based on predominant risk characteristics of the underlying loans including loan type such as fixed-rate 15- and 30-year mortgages and note rate in bands of 50 |