Revenue Recognition | NOTE 5 - REVENUE RECOGNITION The Company’s revenue is derived from: (i) sales of our industrial and rental fleet wireless asset management systems and services, which includes training and technical support; (ii) sales of our transportation asset management systems and spare parts sold to customers (for which title transfers on the date of customer receipt) and from the related communication services under contracts that generally provide for service over periods ranging from one to five years; (iii) post-contract maintenance, hosting and support agreements; and (iv) periodically, leasing arrangements. Amounts invoiced to customers which are not recognized as revenue are classified as deferred revenue, and classified as short-term or long-term based upon the terms of future services to be delivered. Our industrial and rental fleet wireless asset management systems consist of on-asset hardware, communication infrastructure, software, and hosting infrastructure. Revenue derived from the sale of our industrial and rental fleet wireless asset management systems is allocated to each element based upon vendor specific objective evidence (VSOE) of the fair value of the element. VSOE of the fair value is based upon the price charged when the element is sold separately. Revenue is recognized as each element is earned based on the selling price of each element based on VSOE, and when there are no undelivered elements that are essential to the functionality of the delivered elements. The Company’s system is typically implemented by the customer or a third party and, as a result, revenue is recognized when title and risk of loss passes to the customer, which usually is upon delivery of the system, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, sales price is fixed and determinable, collectability is reasonably assured and contractual obligations have been satisfied. In some instances, we are also responsible for providing installation services. The additional installation services, which could be performed by third parties, are considered another element in a multi-element deliverable and revenue for installation services is recognized at the time the installation is provided. Training and technical support revenue are recognized at time of performance. The Company recognizes revenues from the sale of remote transportation asset management systems and spare parts when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. These criteria include requirements that the delivery of future products or services under the arrangement is not required for the delivered items to serve their intended purpose. The Company has determined that the revenue derived from the sale of transportation asset management systems does not have stand-alone value to the customer separate from the communication services provided and, therefore, the arrangements constitute a single unit of accounting. Under the applicable accounting guidance, all of the Company’s billings for equipment and the related cost are deferred, recorded, and classified as a current and long-term liability and a current and long-term asset, respectively. Deferred revenue and cost are recognized over the service contract life, beginning at the time that a customer acknowledges acceptance of the equipment and service. The customer service contracts typically range from one to five years. The Company amortized and recognized revenue of $1,282,000 and $3,887,000 during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016, respectively, and $1,380,000 and $4,389,000 during the three- and nine -month periods ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The service revenue for our remote asset monitoring equipment relates to charges for monthly messaging usage and value-added features charges. The usage fee is a monthly fixed charge based on the expected utilization according to the rate plan chosen by the customer. Service revenue generally commences upon equipment installation and customer acceptance, and is recognized over the period such services are provided. Revenue from remote asset monitoring equipment activation fees is deferred and amortized over the life of the contract. Spare parts sales are reflected in product revenues and recognized on the date of customer receipt of the part. The Company also derives revenue under leasing arrangements. Such arrangements provide for monthly payments covering the system sale, maintenance, support and interest. These arrangements meet the criteria to be accounted for as sales-type leases. Accordingly, an asset is established for the sales-type lease receivable at the present value of the expected lease payments and revenue is deferred and recognized over the service contract, as described above. Maintenance revenues and interest income are recognized monthly over the lease term. The Company also enters into post-contract maintenance, hosting and support agreements for its wireless asset management systems. Revenue is recognized ratably over the service period and the cost of providing these services is expensed as incurred. Deferred revenue also includes prepayment of extended maintenance, hosting and support contracts. Under certain customer contracts, the Company invoices progress billings once certain milestones are met. The milestone terms vary by customer and can include the receipt of the customer purchase order, delivery, installation and launch. As the systems are delivered, and services are performed, and all of the criteria for revenue recognition are satisfied, the Company recognizes revenue. If the amount of revenue recognized for financial reporting purposes is greater than the amount invoiced, an unbilled receivable is recorded. If the amount invoiced is greater than the amount of revenue recognized for financial reporting purposes, deferred revenue is recorded. As of December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017, unbilled receivables were $-0-. Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. In April 2015, the Company entered into a development project with Avis Budget Car Rental, LLC (“ABCR”), a subsidiary of Avis Budget Group, Inc. (“Avis”), that included certain contractual milestones. The Company recognized milestone revenue of $-0- and $255,000 during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016, respectively, from the completion of milestones in accordance with the milestone method of revenue recognition. Milestone payments are recognized as revenue upon achievement of the milestone only if the following conditions are met: (i) there is substantive uncertainty at the date of entering into the arrangement that the milestone would be achieved; (ii) the milestone is commensurate with either the vendor’s performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item by the vendor; (iii) the milestone relates solely to past performance; and (iv) the milestone is reasonable in relation to the effort expended to achieve the milestone. This development project was completed during 2016. On March 18, 2017 (the “SOW#4 Effective Date”), the Company entered into a statement of work (the “SOW#4”) with ABCR for the Company’s cellular-enabled rental fleet car management system (the “System”). The SOW#4 provides for a period of exclusivity commencing on the SOW#4 Effective Date and ending fourteen months after the SOW#4 Effective Date, which may be extended in six-month increments by Avis under certain conditions. Avis has the right to cancel or accept the System and pay a lower price if the System cannot retrieve the necessary vehicle data from twenty-five makes and models six months after the SOW#4 Effective Date. Pursuant to the SOW#4, the Company will also provide ABCR with services for ongoing maintenance and support of the System (“Maintenance Services”) for an initial period of sixty months from installation of the equipment. ABCR has the option to renew such period for an additional twelve months upon its expiry, and then after such 12-month period, ABCR can purchase additional Maintenance Services on a month-to-month basis (during which ABCR can terminate the Maintenance Services) for up to forty-eight additional months. ABCR has agreed to pay approximately $21,270,000 to the Company for the System and maintenance and support services which cover 50,000 units. ABCR has an option to purchase additional units. Under the terms of the SOW#4, the Company is entitled to an upfront payment of $3,290,000, which is comprised of a $2,000,000 initial payment for the units to be delivered, $902,000 for development of additional system enhancements and $388,000 for production readiness development. The Company invoiced the upfront payment which is included in current deferred revenue at September 30, 2017. In September 2017, the Company and ABCR amended SOW#4 for out-of-scope system enhancements performed by the Company. If ABCR exercises its right to terminate the agreement if the System is not able to retrieve the necessary vehicle date from twenty-five makes and models six months after the SOW#4 Effective Date, approximately $1,785,000 of the upfront payment for the units would be refundable. The Company recognizes revenue on the development project on a proportional method performance basis, as determined by the relationship of actual labor and material costs incurred to date compared to the estimated total project costs. Estimates of total project costs are reviewed and revised during the term of the project. Revisions to project costs estimates, where applicable, are recorded in the period in which the facts that give rise to such changes become known. The Company recognized revenue of $820,000 and $1,592,000 during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The SOW#4 may be terminated by ABCR for cause (which is generally the Company’s material breach of its obligations under the SOW#4), for convenience (subject to a termination fee), upon a material adverse change to the Company, or for intellectual property infringement. The Company does not have the right to unilaterally terminate the SOW#4. In the event that ABCR terminates the SOW#4, then ABCR would be liable to the Company for the net present value of all future remaining charges under the SOW#4 at a negotiated discount rate per annum, with the payment due on the effective date of termination. Deferred revenue consists of the following: December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 (Unaudited) Deferred activation fees $ 385,000 $ 335,000 Deferred revenue 230,000 2,116,000 Deferred maintenance and hosting service revenue 3,049,000 3,434,000 Deferred remote asset management product revenue 13,599,000 12,317,000 17,263,000 18,202,000 Less: Current portion 7,197,000 9,799,000 Deferred revenue - less current portion $ 10,066,000 $ 8,403,000 |