Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The Company American Express Credit Corporation (Credco), together with its subsidiaries, is a wholly owned subsidiary of American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. (TRS), which is a wholly owned subsidiary of American Express Company (American Express). Credco is engaged in the business of financing non-interest-earning Card Member receivables arising from the use of the American Express charge cards issued in the United States and in certain countries outside the United States . Credco also finances certain interest-earning revolving loans generated by Card Member spending on American Express credit cards issued in non-U.S. markets, although interest-earning revolving loans are prim arily funded by subsidiaries of TRS other than Credco. Credco executes material transactions with its affiliates. The agreements between Credco and its affiliates provide that the parties intend that the transactions thereunder be conducted on an arm’s le ngth basis; however, there can be no assurance that the terms of these arrangements are the same as would be negotiated between independent, unrelated parties. American Express provides Credco with financial support with respect to maintenance of its minim um overall 1.25 fixed charge coverage ratio, which is achieved by charging appropriate discount rates on the purchases of receivables Credco makes from, and the interest rates on the loans Credco provides to, TRS and other American Express subsidi aries. Each monthly period, the discount and interest rates are determined to generate income for Credco that is sufficient to maintain its minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. The revenue earned by Credco from purchasing Card Member receivables and loans at a discount is reported as discount revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Principles of Consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements of Credco are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United Stat es of America (GAAP). Significant intercompany transactions are eliminated. Credco consolidate s entities in which it holds a controlling financial interest. For voting interest entities, Credco is considered to hold a controlling financial interest when it is able to exercise control over the investees’ operating and financial decisions. For variable interest entities (VIEs), t he determination of which is based on the amount and characteristics of the en tity’s equity, Credco is considered to hold a controll ing financial interest when it is determined to be the primary beneficiary. A primary beneficiary is the party that has both: (1) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact that VIE’s economic performance, and (2) the obligation to a bsorb the losses of, or the right to receive the benefits from, the VIE that could potent ially be significant to that VIE. Foreign Currency Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars based upon excha nge rates prevailing at the end of th e reporting period; non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the historic exchange rate at the date of the transaction; r evenues and expenses are translated at the average month-end exchange rates during th e year . R esulting translation adjustments, along with any related qualifying hedge and tax effects, are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI), a component of shareholder’s equity. Translation adjustments, including qualifying hed ge and tax effects, are reclassified to earnings upon the sale or substantial liquidation of in vestments in foreign operations . Gains and losses related to transactions in a currency other than the functional currency are reported net in Other expenses, in Credco’s Co nsolidated Statements of Income . Net foreign currency transaction gains amounted to approximately $ 21 million, $ 1 million and $ 14 million in 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Amount s Based on Estimates and Assumptions Accounting estimates are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements. These estimates are based, in part, on management’s assumptions concerning future events. Among the more significant assumptions are those that relate to reserves for Card Member losses on receivables and loans, fair value measurement s and income taxes. These accounting estimates reflect the best judgment of management, but actual results could differ. Discount Revenue Earned from Purc hased Card Member Receivables and Loans Credco earns discount revenue from purchasing Card Member receivables and loans at a discount to par value. The discount is deferred and recognized as revenue over the period that the receivables and loans are estima ted to be outstanding or funded. Estimates are based on the historical average life of Card Member receivables and loans. Interest Income from Affiliates Interest income from affiliates is earned on interest-bearing loans made by Credco to affiliates. In terest income is accrued primarily using the average daily balance method on loans and is recognized based on the outstanding loan principal amount and interest rates specified in the agreements until the outstanding loan balance is paid. Finance Revenue Finance revenue is assessed using the average daily balance method for Card Member loans and is recognized based upon the loan principal amount outstanding in accordance with the terms of the applicable account agreement until the outstanding balance is p aid or written off. Interest Expense Interest expense includes interest incurred primarily to fund Card Member receivables and loans, general corporate purposes and liquidity needs, and is recognized as incurred. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash e quivalents include cash and amounts due from banks, interest-bearing bank balances, and other highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less . Other Significant Accounting Policies The following table identifies Credco’s other significant accounting policies, the Note and page where the Note can be found. Note Significant Accounting Policy Number Note Title Page Card Member Receivables and Loans Note 2 Card Member Receivables and Loans 38 Reserves for Losses – Card Member Receivables and Loans Note 3 Reserves for Losses 41 Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities Note 6 Derivatives and Hedging Activities 43 Fair Value Measurements Note 7 Fair Values 47 Income Taxes Note 11 Income Taxes 54 Recently Issued Accounting Standards In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued new accounting guidance on revenue recognition. The accounting standard establishes the principles to apply to determine the amount and timing of revenue recognition, specifying the accounting for certain costs related to revenue, and requiring additional disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and related cash flows. The guidance, as amended and effective January 1, 2018 , supersedes most of the revenue recognition requirements in effect prior to that date . Most revenue associated with financial instruments, including interest income, loan origination fees and credit card fees, is outside the scope of the new revenue standard. Gains and losses on investment securities, derivatives and sales of financial instruments are similarly excluded from the scope. As Credco is engaged in the business of financing Card Member receivables and loans, and in providing loans to certai n of its affiliates, the new revenue standard has no impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements and underlying operational proc esses and accounting policies. Credco’s implementation efforts have included analyzing revenues and related costs to identify any within the scope of the new standard to determine if any changes will be required. Credco has completed the evaluation of the potential impact of this guidance on the timing, recognition, and presentation o f revenues and expenses and has not identified any changes. In January 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance on the recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities , which was effective and adopted by Credco as of January 1, 2018 . The guidance , makes targeted changes to GAAP; specifically to the classification and measurement of equity securities, and to certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial assets and liabilitie s. The adoption of the guidance, as of January 1, 2018, did not have a material impact on Credco’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Credco implemented changes to its accounting policies, business processes and internal controls in support of the new guidance. In June 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance for recognition of credit losses on financial instruments, effective January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted on January 1, 2019. The guidance introduces a new credit reserving model known as the Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) model, which is based on expected losses, and differs significantly from the incurred loss approach used today. The CECL model requires measurement of expected credit losses not only based on historical experience and current conditions, but also by including reasonable and supportable forecasts incorporating forward-looking information . The guidance requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the reporting period of adoption . Credco does not intend to adopt the new standard early and is currently evaluating the impact the new guidance will have on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows; however, it is expected that the CECL model will alter the assumptions used in estimating cr edit losses on Card Member receivables and loans, and may result in material increases to Credco’s credit reserves as the new guidance involves earlier recognition of expected losses for the life of the assets . American Express has established a n enterpris e -wide, cross-discipline governance structur e to implement the new standard, and continues to identify and conclude on key interpretive issues along with evaluating existing American Express’ credit loss forecasting models and processes in relation to the new guidance to determine what modifications may be required. In November 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance on the cash flow classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents, effective January 1, 2018 . The guidance provides specifically that amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. Credco holds a restricted cash balance such that it b ecomes a material change to the way balances will be presented on the statement of cash flows. Beginning with the quarter ending March 31, 2018, Credco’s consolidated statements of cash flows will reflect the adoption of the standard using the full retrosp ective method, which applies the new standard to each prior reporting period presented. In August 2017, the FASB issued new accounting guidance providing targeted improvements to the accounting for hedging activities, effective January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted in any interim period or fiscal year before the effective date. The guidance introduces a number of amendments, several of which are optional, that are designed to simplify the application of hedge accounting, improve financial statement transparency and more closely align hedge accounting with an entity’s risk management strategies. Effective January 1, 2018, Credco adopted the guidance with no material impact on it s financial position, results of operations and cash flows, along with associated changes to its accounting policies, business processes and internal controls in support of the new guidance. In February 2018, as a result of the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act), the FASB issued new accounting guidance on the reclassification of certain tax effects from AOCI to retained earnings. The optional guidance is effective January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. Credco is evaluating whether it will adopt the new guidance along with any impacts on the Credco’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows, none of which are expected to be material. Other Information During the fourth quarter of 2015, American Exp ress determined it would sell Card Member loans and receivables related to certain of its cobrand partnerships. As a result of the determination, Credco classified Card Member receivables related to the Costco portfolio purchased from American Express Rece ivables Financing Corporation VIII LLC (RFC VIII) in the form of participation interest as Card Member receivables held for sale (HFS) on its Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2016. During the first half of 2016, American Ex press completed the sales of substantially all of its outstanding Card Member loans and receivables HFS, and consequently Credco also sold back all of its participation interests in Card Member receivables HFS to RFC VIII . |