Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Principles of Consolidation | ' |
Principles of Consolidation |
The Consolidated Financial Statements of Credco are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Significant intercompany transactions are eliminated. |
Credco consolidates all entities in which it holds a “controlling financial interest.” For voting interest entities, Credco is considered to hold a controlling financial interest when it is able to exercise control over the investees' operating and financial decisions. For variable interest entities (VIEs), it is considered to hold a controlling financial interest when it is determined to be the primary beneficiary. A primary beneficiary is the party that has both: (1) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact that entity's economic performance, and (2) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The determination of whether an entity is a VIE is based on the amount and characteristics of the entity's equity. |
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Foreign Currency | ' |
Foreign Currency |
Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars based upon exchange rates prevailing at the end of each year. The resulting translation adjustments, along with any related qualifying hedge and tax effects, are included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (AOCI), a component of shareholder's equity. Translation adjustments, including qualifying hedge and tax effects, are reclassified to earnings upon the sale or substantial liquidation of investments in foreign operations. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average month-end exchange rates during the year. Gains and losses related to transactions in a currency other than the functional currency, including operations outside the U.S. where the functional currency is the U.S. dollar, are reported net in Credco's Consolidated Statements of Income, in interest expense or other expenses, depending on the nature of the activity. |
Amounts Based on Estimates and Assumptions | ' |
Amounts Based on Estimates and Assumptions |
Accounting estimates are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements. These estimates are based, in part, on management's assumptions concerning future events. Among the more significant assumptions are those that relate to reserves for Card Member losses on receivables and loans, fair value measurement and income taxes. These accounting estimates reflect the best judgment of management, but actual results could differ. |
Revenues and Expenses | ' |
Discount Revenue Earned from Purchased Card Member Receivables and Loans |
Credco earns discount revenue from purchasing Card Member receivables and loans at a discount to par value. The discount is deferred and recognized as revenue over the period that the receivables are estimated to be outstanding or funded. Estimates are based on the historical average life of Card Member receivables. |
Interest Income from Affiliates |
Interest income from affiliates is earned on interest-bearing loans made by Credco to affiliates. Interest income is accrued primarily using the average daily balance method on loans and is recognized based on the outstanding loan principal amount and interest rates specified in the agreements until the outstanding loan balance is paid. |
Interest Income from Deposits |
Interest income from deposits with banks is recognized as earned, and primarily relates to the placement of cash in interest-bearing time deposits and other interest-bearing bank accounts. |
Finance Revenue |
Finance revenue is assessed using the average daily balance method for Card Member loans and is recognized based upon the loan principal amount outstanding in accordance with the terms of the applicable account agreement until the outstanding balance is paid or written off. |
Interest Expense |
Interest expense includes interest incurred primarily to fund Card Member receivables and loans, general corporate purposes, and liquidity needs, and is recognized as incurred. |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents | ' |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and amounts due from banks, interest-bearing bank balances, and other highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less. |
Fair Values [Abstract] | ' |
Fair Values | ' |
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, based on Credco's principal or, in the absence of a principal, most advantageous market for the specific asset or liability. |
GAAP provides for a three-level hierarchy of inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, defined as follows: |
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Level 1 – Inputs that are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity can access. |
Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability, including: |
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- Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; |
- Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; |
- Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and |
- Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. |
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Level 3 – Inputs that are unobservable and reflect Credco's own estimates about the estimates market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances (e.g., internally derived assumptions surrounding the timing and amount of expected cash flows). Credco did not measure any financial instruments presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, although the disclosed fair value of certain assets that are not carried at fair value, as presented later in this Note, are classified within Level 3. |
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Credco monitors the market conditions and evaluates the fair value hierarchy levels at least quarterly. For any transfers in and out of the levels of the fair value hierarchy, Credco discloses the fair value measurement at the beginning of the reporting period during which the transfer occurred. |
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Accounts Receivable And Loans and Reserves For Cardmember Losses [Abstract] | ' |
Card Member And Other Receivables And Loans | ' |
Card Member Receivables |
Card Member receivables represent amounts due on American Express and certain American Express joint venture charge card products. For American Express, the Card Member receivables are recorded at the time a Card Member enters into a point-of-sale transaction with a merchant. Each charge card transaction is authorized based on its likely economics reflecting a Card Member's most recent credit information and spend patterns. Additionally, global spend limits are established to limit the maximum exposure for American Express. |
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Charge Card Members generally must pay the full amount billed each month. |
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Credco records these Card Member receivables at the time they are purchased from TRS and certain of its subsidiaries and American Express joint ventures that issue the card (card issuers). |
Card Member receivable balances are presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of reserves for losses (refer to Note 4). |
Card Member Loans |
Card Member loans represent revolving amounts due on American Express and certain American Express joint venture lending card products. For American Express, these Card Member loans are recorded at the time a Card Member enters into a point-of-sale transaction with a merchant, as well as amounts due from charge Card Members who elect to revolve a portion of the outstanding balance by entering into a revolving payment arrangement with American Express. These loans have a range of terms such as credit limits, interest rates, fees and payment structures, which can be revised over time based on new information about Card Members and in accordance with applicable regulations and the respective product's terms and conditions. Card Members holding revolving loans are typically required to make monthly payments based on pre-established amounts. The amounts that Card Members choose to revolve are subject to finance charges. |
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Credco records these Card Member loans at the time they are purchased from TRS subsidiaries and certain American Express joint ventures that issue the card (card issuers). |
Card Member loans are presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of reserves for losses (refer to Note 4), and include principal, accrued interest and fees receivable. Credco's policy generally is to cease accruing interest on a Card Member loan at the time the account is written off, and establish reserves for interest that Credco believes will not be collected. |
Reserves For Losses Policy [Abstract] | ' |
Reserves for losses | ' |
Reserves for losses relating to Card Member receivables and loans represent management's best estimate of the probable inherent losses in Credco's outstanding portfolio of loans and receivables, as of the balance sheet date. Management's evaluation process requires certain estimates and judgments. |
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Reserves for losses are primarily based upon statistical and analytical models that analyze portfolio performance and reflect management's judgment regarding the quantitative components of the reserve. The models take into account several factors, including delinquency-based loss migration rates, loss emergence periods and average losses and recoveries over an appropriate historical period. Management considers whether to adjust the models for specific qualitative factors such as increased risk in certain portfolios, impact of risk management initiatives on portfolio performance and concentration of credit risk based on factors such as vintage, industry or geographic regions. In addition, management may increase or decrease the reserves for losses on Card Member loans for other external environmental qualitative factors, including various indicators related to employment, spend, sentiment, housing and credit, as well as the legal and regulatory environment. Generally, due to the short-term nature of Card Member receivables, the impact of additional external qualitative factors on the probable losses inherent within the Card Member receivables portfolio is not significant. As part of this evaluation process, management also considers various reserve coverage metrics, such as reserves as a percentage of past-due amounts, reserves as a percentage of Card Member receivables or loans and net write-off coverage. |
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Card Member loans and receivables balances are written off when management considers amounts to be uncollectible, which is generally determined by the number of days past due and is typically no later than 180 days past due. Card Member loans and receivables in bankruptcy or owed by deceased individuals are generally written off upon notification, and recoveries are recognized as they are collected. |
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Derivatives And Hedging Activities Policy [Abstract] | ' |
Derivatives | ' |
Derivative Financial Instruments that Qualify for Hedge Accounting |
Derivatives executed for hedge accounting purposes are documented and designated as such when Credco enters into the contracts. In accordance with its risk management policies, Credco structures its hedges with terms similar to that of the item being hedged. Credco formally assesses, at inception of the hedge accounting relationship and on a quarterly basis, whether derivatives designated as hedges are highly effective in offsetting the fair value or cash flows of the hedged items. These assessments usually are made through the application of a regression analysis method. If it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, Credco will discontinue the application of hedge accounting. |
Fair Value Hedges |
A fair value hedge involves a derivative designated to hedge Credco's exposure to future changes in the fair value of an asset or a liability, or an identified portion thereof that is attributable to a particular risk. Credco is exposed to interest rate risk associated with its fixed-rate long-term debt. Credco uses interest rate swaps to economically convert certain fixed-rate long-term debt obligations to floating-rate obligations at the time of issuance. |
Cash Flow Hedges |
A cash flow hedge involves a derivative designated to hedge Credco's exposure to variable future cash flows attributable to a particular risk. Such exposures may relate to either an existing recognized asset or liability or a forecasted transaction. Credco hedges existing long-term variable-rate debt, the rollover of short-term borrowings and the anticipated forecasted issuance of additional funding through the use of derivatives, primarily interest rate swaps. These derivative instruments economically convert floating-rate debt obligations to fixed-rate obligations for the duration of the instrument. |
For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivatives is recorded in AOCI and reclassified into earnings when the hedged cash flows are recognized in earnings. The amount that is reclassified into earnings is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the same line item in which the hedged instrument or transaction is recognized, primarily in interest expense. During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, Credco reclassified nil, $(1) million and $(1) million, respectively, from AOCI into earnings as a component of interest expense. Any ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the derivatives is reported as a component of other expenses. If a cash flow hedge is de-designated or terminated prior to maturity, the amount previously recorded in AOCI is recognized into earnings over the period that the hedged item impacts earnings. If a hedge relationship is discontinued because it is probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur according to the original strategy, any related amounts previously recorded in AOCI are recognized into earnings immediately. No ineffectiveness associated with cash flow hedges was reclassified from AOCI into income for the year ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. |
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In the normal course of business, as the hedged cash flows are recognized into earnings, Credco does not expect to reclassify any amount of net pretax losses on derivatives from AOCI into earnings during the next 12 months. |
Net Investment Hedges |
A net investment hedge is used to hedge future changes in currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. Credco primarily designates foreign currency derivatives, typically foreign exchange forwards, and on occasion foreign currency denominated debt, as hedges of net investments in certain foreign operations. These instruments reduce exposure to changes in currency exchange rates on Credco's investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries. |
Any ineffective portion of the gain or (loss) on net investment hedges is recognized in other expenses during the period of change. |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges |
Credco has derivatives that act as economic hedges but are not designated as such for hedge accounting purposes. Foreign currency transactions and non-U.S. dollar cash flow exposures from time to time may be partially or fully economically hedged through foreign currency contracts, primarily foreign exchange forwards. These hedges generally mature within one year. Foreign currency contracts involve the purchase and sale of a designated currency at an agreed upon rate for settlement on a specified date. The changes in the fair value of the derivatives effectively offset the related foreign exchange gains or losses on the underlying balance sheet exposures. From time to time, Credco may enter into interest rate swaps to specifically manage funding costs related to American Express' proprietary card business. |
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Income Tax Policy [Abstract] | ' |
Income taxes | ' |
Credco records a deferred income tax (benefit) provision when there are differences between assets and liabilities measured for financial reporting and for income tax return purposes. These temporary differences result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years and are measured using the tax rates and laws that will be in effect when such differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is established when management determines that it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the benefit of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. |
Interest and penalties relating to unrecognized tax benefits are reported in the income tax provision. |
Income tax uncertainties | ' |
Credco is subject to the income tax laws of the U.S., its states and municipalities and those of the foreign jurisdictions in which American Express operates. These tax laws are complex, and the manner in which they apply to the taxpayer's facts is sometimes open to interpretation. Given these inherent complexities, Credco must make judgments in assessing the likelihood that a tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the tax position. A tax position is recognized only when, based on management's judgment regarding the application of income tax laws, it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination. The amount of benefit recognized for financial reporting purposes is based on management's best judgment of the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be realized on ultimate settlement with the taxing authority given the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. Credco adjusts the level of unrecognized tax benefits when there is new information available to assess the likelihood of the outcome. |
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