Derivatives and Hedging Activities | 4 . Derivatives and Hedging Activities Credco uses derivative financial instruments (derivatives) to manage exposures to various market risks. These instruments derive their value from an underlying variable or multiple variables, including interest rate and foreign exchange rate s, and are carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets . These instruments enable end users to increase, reduce or alter expo sure to various market risks and, for that reason, are an integral component of Credco’s market risk management. Credco does not transact in de rivatives for trading purposes. In relation to Credco’s credit risk, under the terms of the derivative agreements it has with its various counterparties, Credco is not required to either immediately settle any outstanding liability balances or post collateral upon the occurrence of a specified credit risk- related event . Based on the assessment of credit risk of Credc o’s derivative counterparties as of September 30 , 2015 and December 31, 2014 , Credco does not have derivative positions that warrant credit valuation adjustments . The following table summarizes the total fair value, excluding interest acc ruals, of deriva tive assets and liabilities as of September 30 , 2015 and December 31, 2014 : Other Assets Accrued Interest and Other Liabilities Fair Value Fair Value (Millions) 2015 2014 2015 2014 Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate contracts Fair value hedges $ 177 $ 90 $ ― $ 4 Foreign exchange contracts Net investment hedges 164 186 2 ― Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments 341 276 2 4 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign exchange contracts 73 73 34 49 Total derivatives, gross 414 349 36 53 Less: Cash collateral netting (a) (174) (63) ― ― Derivative asset and derivative liability netting (b) (36) (50) (36) (50) Total derivatives, net (c) $ 204 $ 236 $ ― $ 3 Represents the offsetting of derivative instruments and the right to reclaim cash collateral (a receivable) or the obligati on to return cash collateral (a payable) arising from derivative instrument(s) executed with the same counterparty under an enforceab le master netting arrangement. From time to time, Credco also receives non - cash collateral from counterparties in the form of security interest s in U.S. Treasury securities , which reduces Credco ’s risk exposure , but does not reduce the net exposur e on Credco ’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Credco had such non-cash collateral as of December 31, 2014 , with a fair value of $ 40 million, none of which was sold or repledged . Credco did not have any such non-cash collateral as of September 30 , 2015 . Additionally, Credco posted $ 133 million and $ 91 million as of September 30 , 2015 and December 31, 2014 , respectively, as initial margin on its centrally cleared interest rate swaps; such amounts are record ed within O ther assets on Credco’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and are not netted against the derivative balances . Represents the amount of netting of derivative assets and derivative liabilities executed with the same counterparty under an enforceable master netting arrangement. Credco has no individually significant derivative counterparties and therefore, no significant risk exposure to any single derivative counterparty. The total net derivative assets and derivative liabilities are pr esented within Other assets and Accrued interest and other liabilities on Credco’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. A majority of Credco’s derivative asset s and liabilities as of September 30 , 2015 and December 31, 2014 are subject to master netting agreements with its derivative counterparties. In addition, Credco has no derivative amounts subject to enforceable master netting arrangements that are not offset on Credco’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fair Value Hedges C redco is exposed to interest rate risk associated with its fixed-rate long-term debt. Credco uses interest rate swaps to economically conve rt certain fixed-rate debt obligations to floating-rate obligations at the time of issuance. As of September 30 , 2015 and December 31, 2014 , Credco hedged $ 15.6 billion and $ 14.7 billion, respectively, of its fixed-rate debt to floating-rate debt using interest rate swaps. The followin g table summarizes the impact on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Retained Earnings associated with Credco’s fair value hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30 : Three Months Ended September 30: (Millions) Gains (losses) recognized in income Derivative contract Hedged item Net hedge Amount Amount ineffectiveness Derivative relationship Income Statement Line Item 2015 2014 Income Statement Line Item 2015 2014 2015 2014 Interest rate contracts Other expenses $ 89 $ (77) Other expenses $ (93) $ 81 $ (4) $ 4 Nine Months Ended September 30: (Millions) Gains (losses) recognized in income Derivative contract Hedged item Net hedge Amount Amount ineffectiveness Derivative relationship Income Statement Line Item 2015 2014 Income Statement Line Item 2015 2014 2015 2014 Interest rate contracts Other expenses $ 91 $ (119) Other expenses $ (91) $ 128 $ ― $ 9 Credco also recognized a net reduction in interest expense on long-term debt of $ 47 million and $ 50 million for the three months ended September 30 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively , and $ 133 million and $ 145 million for the nine months ended September 30 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively, primarily related to the net settlements (interest accruals) on Credco’s interest rate derivatives designated as fair val ue hedges. Net Investment Hedges The effective portion of the gain or (loss) on net investment hedges, net of taxes, recorded in Accumula ted Other Comprehensive Loss as part of the cumulative translation adjustment , was $ 188 million and $ 116 million for the three months ended September 30 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively, and $ 274 million and $ (10) million for the nine months ended September 30 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively, with any ineff ective portion recognized in O ther expenses durin g the period of change . During the three and nine months ended September 30 , 2015 and 2014 , no ineffectiveness was recognized in either of these two periods . The following table summarizes the impact on the Consolidated Statements of Income and retained earnings associated with Credco’s derivatives not designated as hedges : Pretax Gains (losses) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, Amount Amount Description (Millions) Income Statement Line Item 2015 2014 2015 2014 Foreign exchange contracts Other expenses $ 42 $ (14) $ 11 $ 49 Total $ 42 $ (14) $ 11 $ 49 |