| Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies | 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations – Ingles Markets, Incorporated (“Ingles” or the “Company”), is a leading supermarket chain in the southeast United States, operates 198 supermarkets in North Carolina ( 73 ), Georgia (66) , South Carolina (36) , Tennessee (21) , Virginia (1) and Alabama (1) .
Principles of Consolidation – The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Ingles Markets, Incorporated and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Sky King, Inc., Ingles Markets Investments, Inc., Milkco, Inc., Land O Sky, LLC, Shopping Center Financing, LLC, and Shopping Center Financing II, LLC. All significant inter-company balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
Fiscal Year – The Company’s fiscal year ends on the last Saturday in September. Fiscal years 2019 and 2018 each consisted of 52 weeks. Fiscal year 2017 consisted of 53 weeks.
Segment Information – The Company operates one primary business segment, retail grocery sales (representing the aggregation of individual retail stores). The “Other” segment includes our remaining operations -- fluid dairy and shopping center rentals.
New Accounting Pronouncements – In February 2016 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases" (ASU 2016-02), which requires the Company as lessee to recognize most leases on the balance sheet thereby resulting in the recognition of right of use assets and lease obligations for those leases currently classified as operating leases. The accounting for leases where the Company is the lessor remains largely unchanged. ASU 2016-02 became effective for the Company on September 29, 2019 and the Company elected the optional transition method which permits entities to change the date of initial application of the standard to the beginning of the year of adoption and to recognize the effects of applying ASU 2016-02 as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. Certain qualitative and quantitative disclosures are also required. While the Company is still finalizing our adoption procedures, the Company estimates the primary impact to the consolidated financial position upon adoption will be the recognition, on a discounted basis, of minimum commitments under noncancelable operating leases on the consolidated balance sheets resulting in the recording of right of use assets and lease obligations for approximately $45 to $55 million. The Company does not expect a material impact to the Company’s consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, or cash flows.
In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (ASU 2014-09). ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of the ASU to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, and determined the impact of adopting the new guidance was immaterial to its annual and interim financial statements. The Company’s assessment included a detailed review of contracts for each of its disaggregated revenue streams and a comparison of its historical accounting policies and practices to the new standard.
Cash Equivalents – All highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased are considered cash. Outstanding checks in excess of bank balances are included in the line item “Accounts payable – trade” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. There were no such balances at September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018, respectively.
Financial Instruments – The Company at times has short-term investments and certificates of deposit with maturities of three months or less when purchased that are included in cash. At September 28, 2019, the Company had no such investments. The Company’s policy is to invest its excess cash either in money market accounts, reverse repurchase agreements or in certificates of deposit. Money market accounts and certificates of deposit are not secured; reverse repurchase agreements are secured by government obligations. At September 28, 2019 demand deposits of approximately $37.6 million in three banks exceed the $250,000 FDIC insurance limit per bank.
Interest Rate Swaps – The Company utilizes interest rate swap contracts to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in variable interest rates for future interest payments on some of its debt instruments. For determining the fair value of the interest rate swap contract, the Company uses significant observable market data or assumptions about counterparty risk. The fair value estimates reflect an income approach based on the terms of the interest rate swap contracts and inputs corroborated by observable market data including interest rate curves. The Company has designated its swaps as cash flow hedges, for which the Company records the effective portions of changes in its fair value, net of tax, in other comprehensive income (loss). To the extent interest rate swaps are determined to be ineffective, the Company recognizes the change in the estimated fair value of the swaps in earnings.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts – Accounts receivable are primarily from vendor allowances, customer charges and pharmacy insurance company reimbursements. Accounts receivable are stated net of an allowance for uncollectible accounts, which is determined through analysis of the aging of accounts receivable at the date of the consolidated financial statements and assessments of the collectability based upon historical collection activity adjusted for current conditions.
Inventories – Substantially all of the Company’s inventory consists of finished goods. Warehouse inventories are valued at the lower of average cost or market. Store inventories are valued using the retail method under which inventories at cost (and the resulting gross margins) are determined by applying a calculated cost-to-retail ratio to the retail value of inventories. As an integral part of valuing inventory at cost, management makes certain judgments and estimates for standard gross margins, allowances for vendor consideration, markdowns and shrinkage. Warehousing and distribution costs are not included in the valuation of inventories. The Company reviews its judgments and estimates regularly and makes adjustments where facts and circumstances dictate.
Property, Equipment and Depreciation – Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives by the straight-line method. Buildings are generally depreciated over 30 years. Store, office and warehouse equipment is generally depreciated over three to 10 years. Transportation equipment is generally depreciated over three to five years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the subject lease term or the useful life of the asset, generally from three to 30 years. Depreciation and amortization expense totaled $ 112.5 million , $113.1 million and $1 10.9 million for fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Asset Impairments – The Company accounts for the impairment of long-lived assets in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) Topic 360. Asset groups are primarily comprised of individual store and shopping center properties. For assets to be held and used, the Company tests for impairment using undiscounted cash flows and calculates the amount of impairment using discounted cash flows. For assets held for sale, impairment is recognized based on the excess of remaining book value over expected recovery value. The recovery value is the fair value as determined by independent quotes or expected sales prices developed by internal associates, less costs to sell. Estimates of future cash flows and expected sales prices are judgments based upon the Company’s experience and knowledge of local operations and cash flows that are projected for several years into the future. These estimates can fluctuate significantly due to changes in real estate market conditions, the economic environment, capital spending decisions and inflation. The Company monitors the carrying value of long-lived assets for potential impairment each quarter based on whether any indicators of impairment have occurred.
Nonqualified Investment Plan – The purpose of the Executive Nonqualified Excess Plan is to provide retirement benefits similar to the Company’s Investment/Profit Sharing Plan to certain of the Company’s management employees who are otherwise subject to limited participation in the 401(k) feature of the Company’s Investment/Profit Sharing Plan. Participant retirement account balances are liabilities of the Company. Assets of the plan are assets of the Company and are held in trust for employees and distributed upon retirement, death, disability, in-service distributions, or termination of employment. In accordance with the trust, the Company may not use these assets for general corporate purposes. Life insurance policies and marketable securities held in the trust are included in the caption “Other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Self-Insurance – The Company is self-insured for workers’ compensation, general liability and group medical and dental benefits. Risks and uncertainties are associated with self-insurance; however, the Company has limited its exposure by maintaining excess liability coverage of $1,000,000 per occurrence for workers’ compensation, $500,000 for general liability, and $450,000 per covered person for medical care benefits for a policy year. Effective October 1, 2019 the excess liability limit was increased to $1,000,000 for general liability. Self-insurance liabilities are established based on claims filed and estimates of claims incurred but not reported. The estimates are based on data provided by the respective claims administrators, which is then applied to appropriate actuarial methods. These estimates can fluctuate if historical trends are not predictive of the future. The Company’s self-insurance reserves totaled $31.0 million and $34.7 million for employee group insurance, workers’ compensation insurance and general liability insurance at September 28, 201 9 and September 29, 2018, respectively. These amounts are inclusive of expected recoveries from excess cost insurance or other sources that are recorded as receivables of $3.6 at September 28, 2019 and $4.6 million at September 29, 2018. The Company is required in certain cases to obtain letters of credit to support its self-insured status. At fiscal year-end 2019, the Company’s self-insured liabilities were supported by a $2.6 million certificate of deposit and by $9.0 million of undrawn letters of credit which expire between September and October 2019 . The Company carries casualty insurance only on those properties where it is required to do so. The Company has elected to self-insure its other properties.
Income Taxes – The Company accounts for income taxes under FASB ASC Topic 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the currently enacted tax rates. The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes by prescribing a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken on a tax return.
The Company files income tax returns with federal and various state jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal or state income tax examinations by tax authorities for the years before tax year 2015. Examinations may challenge certain of the Company’s tax positions. Actual results could materially differ from these estimates and could significantly affect the effective tax rate and cash flows in the future years.
Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount more likely than not expected to be realized.
Gross unrecognized tax benefits as well as interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions could affect the Company’s effective tax rate. These amounts are insignificant for fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017.
Pre-Opening Costs – Costs associated with the opening of new stores are expensed when incurred.
Per-Share Amounts – The Company calculates earnings per share using the two-class method in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 260.
Advertising – The Company expenses advertising as incurred. Advertising and promotion expenses, net of vendor allowance reimbursements, totaled $10.0 million, $12.6 million and $12.5 million for fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on management’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, they may ultimately differ from actual results. Such estimates include the allowance for doubtful accounts, various inventory reserves, realizability of deferred tax assets, and self-insurance reserves.
Cost of Goods Sold – In addition to the direct product cost, cost of goods sold for the grocery segment includes inbound freight charges and costs of the Company’s distribution network. Milk processing is a manufacturing process. Therefore, cost of goods sold include direct product and production costs, inbound freight, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, warehousing costs, internal transfer costs, and other costs of distribution. Depreciation expense included in costs of goods sold totaled $14.5 million, $ 14.4 million and $1 5.4 million for fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Operating and Administrative Expenses – Operating and administrative expenses include costs incurred for store and administrative labor, occupancy, depreciation (to the extent not included in Cost of Goods Sold), insurance and general administration.
Revenue Recognition – The Company recognizes revenues from grocery segment sales at the point of sale to its customers. Sales taxes collected from customers are not included in reported revenues. Discounts provided to customers by the Company at the point of sale, including discounts provided in connection with loyalty cards, are recognized as a reduction in sales as the products are sold. Product returns are not significant.
The Company recognizes fluid dairy revenues at the time the risk of loss shifts to the customer pursuant to our terms of sale. Therefore, approximately 54% of fluid dairy revenues are recognized when the product is picked up by the customer at our facility. The remaining fluid dairy revenues are recognized when the product is received at the customer’s facility upon delivery via transportation arranged by the Company.
Rental income, including contingent rentals, is recognized on the accrual basis. Upfront consideration paid by either the Company as lessor or by the lessee is recognized as an adjustment to net rental income using the straight line method over the term of the lease.
Vendor Allowances – The Company receives funds for a variety of merchandising activities from the many vendors whose products the Company buys for resale in its stores. These incentives and allowances are primarily comprised of volume or purchase based incentives, advertising allowances, slotting fees, and promotional discounts. The purpose of these incentives and allowances is generally to help defray the costs incurred by the Company for stocking, advertising, promoting and selling the vendors’ products. These allowances generally relate to short term arrangements with vendors, often relating to a period of a month or less, and are negotiated on a purchase-by-purchase or transaction-by-transaction basis. Whenever possible, vendor discounts and allowances that relate to buying and merchandising activities are recorded as a component of item cost in inventory and recognized in merchandise costs when the item is sold. Due to system constraints and the nature of certain allowances, it is sometimes not practicable to apply allowances to the item cost of inventory. In those instances, the allowances are applied as a reduction of merchandise costs using a rational and systematic methodology, which results in the recognition of these incentives when the inventory related to the vendor consideration received is sold. Vendor allowances applied as a reduction of merchandise costs totaled $111.7 million, $116.5 million, and $116.6 million for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2019, September 29, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. Vendor advertising allowances that represent a reimbursement of specific identifiable incremental costs of advertising the vendor’s specific products are recorded as a reduction to the related expense in the period that the related expense is incurred. Vendor advertising allowances recorded as a reduction of advertising expense totaled $13.8 million, $14.1 million, and $13.8 million for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2019, September 29, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.
If vendor advertising allowances were substantially reduced or eliminated, the Company would likely consider other methods of advertising as well as the volume and frequency of its product advertising, which could increase or decrease its expenditures.
Similarly, the Company is not able to assess the impact of vendor advertising allowances on the creation of additional revenue; as such allowances do not directly generate revenue for its stores . |
