Item 5. | Interests of Named Experts and Counsel. |
Not Applicable.
Item 6. | Indemnification of Directors and Officers. |
Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) makes provision for the indemnification of officers and directors of corporations in terms sufficiently broad to indemnify the officers and directors of the Corporation under certain circumstances from liabilities (including reimbursement of expenses incurred) arising under the Securities Act. Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL permits a corporation to provide in its certificate of incorporation that a director of the corporation shall not be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) in respect of certain unlawful dividend payments or stock redemptions or repurchases, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
As permitted by the DGCL, the Corporation’s certificate of incorporation provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL or decisional law, no director shall be personally liable to the Corporation or to its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of his fiduciary duty as a director. The effect of this provision in the certificate of incorporation is to eliminate the rights of the Corporation and its stockholders (through stockholders’ derivative suits on behalf of the Corporation) to recover monetary damages against a director for breach of fiduciary duty as a director thereof (including breaches resulting from negligent or grossly negligent behavior) except in the situations described in clauses (i)-(iv), inclusive, above. These provisions will not alter the liability of directors under federal securities laws.
The Corporation’s bylaws (the “bylaws”) provide that the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of any other corporation or enterprise (including an employee benefit plan), against all expenses, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes and penalties, and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement, and any interest, assessments, or other charges imposed thereof, and any taxes imposed on such person as a result of such payments) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection with investigating, defending, being a witness in, or participating in (including on appeal), or preparing for any of the foregoing in such action, suit or proceeding, to the fullest extent authorized by the DGCL, provided that the Corporation shall indemnify such person in connection with any such action, suit or proceeding initiated by such person only if authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation or brought to enforce certain indemnification rights.
The bylaws also provide that expenses incurred by an officer or director of the Corporation (acting in his capacity as such) in defending any such action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation, provided that if required by the DGCL such expenses shall be advanced only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation. Expenses incurred by other agents of the Corporation may be advanced upon such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors of the Corporation deems appropriate. Any obligation to reimburse the Corporation for expenses advanced under such provisions shall be unsecured and no interest shall be charged thereon.
The bylaws also provide that indemnification provided for in the bylaws shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the indemnified party may be entitled; that any right of indemnification or protection provided under the bylaws existing at the time of an amendment, repeal, or modification of the bylaws shall not be adversely affected by such amendment, repeal, or modification of the bylaws; and that the Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance to protect itself and any such person against any such expenses, liability and loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expenses, liability or loss under the DGCL or the bylaws.