Investments | 3. Investments Net investment income is as follows: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30 2021 2020 2021 2020 (In millions) Fixed maturity securities $ 425 $ 432 $ 1,278 $ 1,300 Limited partnership investments 89 71 285 26 Short term investments 1 2 1 11 Equity securities 4 18 53 24 Income (loss) from trading portfolio (a) (30 ) 22 46 Other 12 14 42 44 Total investment income 501 559 1,705 1,405 Investment expenses (18 ) (19 ) (56 ) (58 ) Net investment income $ 483 $ 540 $ 1,649 $ 1,347 (a) Net investment income recognized due to the change in fair value on securities still held as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $ and $ for the and 021 and 2020 . Investment gains (losses) are as follows: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30 2021 2020 2021 2020 (In millions) Fixed maturity securities: Gross gains $ 50 $ 44 $ 159 $ 175 Gross losses (28 ) (18 ) (68 ) (207 ) Investment gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities 22 26 91 (32 ) Equity securities (2 ) 25 17 (45 ) Derivative instruments 2 (2 ) 7 (7 ) Short term investments and other (3 ) 2 (17 ) Altium Packaging (see Note 2) 555 Diamond Offshore (see Note 2) (15 ) (1,211 ) Investment gains (losses) (a) $ 22 $ 46 $ 657 $ (1,312 ) (a) During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, $2 of investment losses and $15 of investment gains were recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock still held as of September 30, 2021. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, $25 of investment gains and $44 of investment losses were recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock still held as of September 30, 2020 . The following tables present the activity related to the allowance on available-for-sale securities with credit impairments and purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) assets. Accrued interest receivables on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities totaled $387 million, $371 million and $390 million as of September 30, 2021, December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020 and are excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses and the amortized cost basis in the tables within this Note. Corporate and Asset- Three months ended September 30, 2021 Other Bonds backed Total (In millions) Allowance for credit losses: Balance as of July 1, 2021 $ 24 $ 21 $ 45 Additions to the allowance for credit losses: Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets 2 2 Reductions to the allowance for credit losses: Securities sold during the period (realized) Write-offs charged against the allowance 16 16 Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period Total allowance for credit losses $ 10 $ 21 $ 31 Three months ended September 30, 2020 Allowance for credit losses: Balance as of July 1, 2020 $ 39 $ 12 $ 51 Additions to the allowance for credit losses: Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded 4 4 Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets 1 1 Reductions to the allowance for credit losses: Securities sold during the period (realized) 9 9 Write-offs charged against the allowance Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period (1 ) 1 Total allowance for credit losses $ 34 $ 13 $ 47 Corporate and Asset- Nine months ended September 30, 2021 Other Bonds backed Total (In millions) Allowance for credit losses: Balance as of January 1, 2021 $ 23 $ 17 $ 40 Additions to the allowance for credit losses: Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded 14 14 Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets 4 4 8 Reductions to the allowance for credit losses: Securities sold during the period (realized) 6 6 Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis Write-offs charged against the allowance 16 16 Additional increases or (decrease) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period (9 ) (9 ) Total allowance for credit losses $ 10 $ 21 $ 31 Nine months ended September 30, 2020 Allowance for credit losses: Balance as of January 1, 2020 $ - $ - $ - Additions to the allowance for credit losses: Impact of adopting ASC 326 6 6 Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded 62 12 74 Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets 3 3 Reductions to the allowance for credit losses: Securities sold during the period (realized) 15 15 Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis 1 1 Write-offs charged against the allowance Additional increases or (decrease) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period (21 ) 1 (20 ) Total allowance for credit losses $ 34 $ 13 $ 47 The components of available-for-sale impairment losses recognized in earnings by asset type are presented in the following table. The table includes losses on securities with an intention to sell and changes in the allowance for credit losses on securities since acquisition date: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 (In millions) Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale: Corporate and other bonds $ 4 $ 5 $ 94 Asset-backed $ 11 1 11 14 Impairment losses recognized in earnings $ 11 $ 5 $ 16 $ 108 There were $3 million and $16 million of losses on mortgage loans recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily due to changes in expected credit losses. There were no losses recognized on mortgage loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The amortized cost and fair values of fixed maturity securities are as follows: Cost or Gross Gross Allowance Amortized Unrealized Unrealized for Credit Estimated September 30 2021 Cost Gains Losses Losses Fair Value (In millions) Fixed maturity securities: Corporate and other bonds $ 21,608 $ 2,967 $ 42 $ 10 $ 24,523 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 10,384 1,610 15 11,979 Asset-backed: Residential mortgage-backed 3,176 89 6 3,259 Commercial mortgage-backed 2,064 85 16 17 2,116 Other asset-backed 2,429 76 4 4 2,497 Total asset-backed 7,669 250 26 21 7,872 U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises 139 1 4 136 Foreign government 521 19 2 538 Redeemable preferred stock 12 12 Fixed maturities available-for-sale 40,333 4,847 89 31 45,060 Fixed maturities trading 9 9 Total fixed maturity securities $ 40,342 $ 4,847 $ 89 $ 31 $ 45,069 December 31 2020 Fixed maturity securities: Corporate and other bonds $ 20,792 $ 3,578 $ 22 $ 23 $ 24,325 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 9,729 1,863 11,592 Asset-backed: Residential mortgage-backed 3,442 146 1 3,587 Commercial mortgage-backed 1,933 93 42 17 1,967 Other asset-backed 2,179 81 9 2,251 Total asset-backed 7,554 320 52 17 7,805 U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises 339 2 3 338 Foreign government 512 32 544 Fixed maturities available-for-sale 38,926 5,795 77 40 44,604 Fixed maturities trading 37 5 42 Total fixed maturity securities $ 38,963 $ 5,800 $ 77 $ 40 $ 44,646 The net unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments included in the tables above are recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”). When presented in AOCI, these amounts are net of tax and noncontrolling interests and any required Shadow Adjustments. To the extent that unrealized gains on fixed income securities supporting long term care products and structured settlements not funded by annuities would result in a premium deficiency if those gains were realized, a related increase in Insurance reserves is recorded, net of tax and noncontrolling interests, as a reduction of net unrealized gains through Other comprehensive income (loss) (“Shadow Adjustments”). As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the net unrealized gains on investments included in AOCI were correspondingly reduced by Shadow Adjustments of $2.2 billion and $2.5 billion (after tax and noncontrolling interests). The available-for-sale securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded are as follows: Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total Gross Gross Gross Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized September 30 2021 Fair Value Losses Fair Value Losses Fair Value Losses (In millions) Fixed maturity securities: Corporate and other bonds $ 1,853 $ 37 $ 88 $ 5 $ 1,941 $ 42 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 885 15 885 15 Asset-backed: Residential mortgage-backed 1,295 6 1,295 6 Commercial mortgage-backed 317 4 194 12 511 16 Other asset-backed 439 3 58 1 497 4 Total asset-backed 2,051 13 252 13 2,303 26 U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises 65 4 1 66 4 Foreign government 73 2 73 2 Total fixed maturity securities $ 4,927 $ 71 $ 341 $ 18 $ 5,268 $ 89 December 31 2020 Fixed maturity securities: Corporate and other bonds $ 609 $ 21 $ 12 $ 1 $ 621 $ 22 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 33 33 Asset-backed: Residential mortgage-backed 71 1 11 82 1 Commercial mortgage-backed 533 40 28 2 561 42 Other asset-backed 344 9 13 357 9 Total asset-backed 948 50 52 2 1,000 52 U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises 63 3 63 3 Foreign government 13 13 Total fixed maturity securities $ 1,666 $ 74 $ 64 $ 3 $ 1,730 $ 77 Based on current facts and circumstances, the Company believes the unrealized losses presented in the September 30, 2021 securities in a gross unrealized loss position table above are not indicative of the ultimate collectability of the current amortized cost of the securities, but rather are attributable to changes in interest rates, credit spreads and other factors. There is no current intent to sell securities with unrealized losses, nor is it more likely than not that sale will be required prior to recovery of amortized cost; accordingly, it was determined that there are additional impairment losses to be recorded at Contractual Maturity The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturity securities by contractual maturity. September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Cost or Estimated Cost or Estimated Amortized Fair Amortized Fair Cost Value Cost Value (In millions) Due in one year or less $ 1,648 $ 1,656 $ 1,456 $ 1,458 Due after one year through five years 10,776 11,517 12,304 13,098 Due after five years through ten years 13,628 14,794 12,319 13,878 Due after ten years 14,281 17,093 12,847 16,170 Total $ 40,333 $ 45,060 $ 38,926 $ 44,604 Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid. Securities not due at a single date are allocated based on weighted average life. Mortgage Loans The following table presents the amortized cost basis of mortgage loans for each credit quality indicator by year of origination. The primary credit quality indicators utilized are debt service coverage ratios (“DSCR”) and loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios. Mortgage Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (a) As of September 30 2021 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total (In millions) DSCR ≥1.6x LTV less than 55% $ 8 $ 75 $ 16 $ 37 $ 116 $ 203 $ 455 LTV 55% to 65% 38 15 18 1 72 LTV greater than 65% 17 14 7 23 61 DSCR 1.2x - 1.6x LTV less than 55% 13 15 95 5 58 186 LTV 55% to 65% 25 24 10 4 63 LTV greater than 65% 24 9 8 41 DSCR ≤1.2x LTV less than 55% 35 30 65 LTV 55% to 65% 42 42 LTV greater than 65% 9 56 7 72 Total $ 63 $ 161 $ 282 $ 86 $ 169 $ 296 $ 1,057 (a) The values in the table above reflect DSCR on a standardized amortization period and LTV ratios based on the most recent appraised values trended forward using changes in a commercial real estate price index. Derivative Financial Instruments A summary of the aggregate contractual or notional amounts and gross estimated fair values related to derivative financial instruments follows. The contractual or notional amounts for derivatives are used to calculate the exchange of contractual payments under related agreements and may not be representative of the potential for gain or loss on these instruments. Gross estimated fair values of derivative positions are currently presented in Equity securities, Receivables and Payable to brokers on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Contractual/ Contractual/ Notional Estimated Fair Value Notional Estimated Fair Value Amount Asset (Liability) Amount Asset (Liability) (In millions) With hedge designation: Interest rate swaps $ 675 $ (26 ) Without hedge designation: Equity markets: Options – purchased $ 1 135 $ 3 Interest rate swaps 100 $ (1 ) 100 (3 ) Embedded derivative on funds withheld liability 272 (11 ) 190 (19 ) Investment Commitments As part of the overall investment strategy, investments are made in various assets which require future purchase, sale or funding commitments. These investments are recorded once funded, and the related commitments may include future capital calls from various third-party limited partnerships, signed and accepted mortgage loan applications and obligations related to private placement securities. As of September 30, 2021, commitments to purchase or fund were approximately $1.3 billion and to sell were approximately $55 million under the terms of these investments. |