S&P Global (SPGI) 10-K 8 Feb 22 2021 FY Annual report Financial data

Cover Page

Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Feb. 04, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2021
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-1023
Entity Registrant Name	S&P Global Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	NY
Entity Tax Identification Number	13-1026995
Entity Address, Address Line One	55 Water Street
Entity Address, City or Town	New York
Entity Address, State or Province	NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	10041
City Area Code	212
Local Phone Number	438-1000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock — $1 par value
Trading Symbol	SPGI
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 98.9
Entity Common Stock, Share outstanding		241,100,000
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Part III incorporates information by reference from the definitive proxy statement for the 2022 annual meeting of shareholders.
Entity Central Index Key	0000064040
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2021
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Auditor Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	ERNST & YOUNG LLP
Auditor Location	New York, New York
Auditor Firm ID	42

Consolidated Statements of Inco

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 8,297	$ 7,442	$ 6,699
Expenses:
Operating-related expenses	2,195	2,094	1,976
Selling and general expenses	1,714	1,541	1,342
Depreciation	82	83	82
Amortization of intangibles	96	123	122
Total expenses	4,087	3,841	3,522
Gain on dispositions	(11)	(16)	(49)
Operating profit	4,221	3,617	3,226
Other (income) expense, net	(62)	(31)	98
Interest expense, net	119	141	141
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	279	57
Income before taxes on income	4,164	3,228	2,930
Provision for taxes on income	901	694	627
Net income	3,263	2,534	2,303
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(239)	(195)	(180)
Net income attributable to S&P Global Inc.	$ 3,024	$ 2,339	$ 2,123
Net income:
Basic (USD per share)	$ 12.56	$ 9.71	$ 8.65
Diluted (USD per share)	$ 12.51	$ 9.66	$ 8.60
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic (shares)	240.8	241	245.4
Diluted (shares)	241.8	242.1	246.9
Actual shares outstanding at year end (shares)	241	240.6	244

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 3,263	$ 2,534	$ 2,303
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	11	(24)	10
Income tax effect	(24)	22	8
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax effect	(13)	(2)	18
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans	33	(31)	141
Income tax effect	(10)	8	(39)
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans, net of income tax effect	23	(23)	102
Unrealized (loss) gain on cash flow hedges	(282)	17	(2)
Income tax effect	68	(5)	0
Unrealized loss on investment and forward exchange contracts, net of income tax effect	(214)	12	(2)
Comprehensive income	3,059	2,521	2,421
Less: comprehensive income attributable to nonredeemable noncontrolling interests	(24)	(14)	(10)
Less: comprehensive income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	(215)	(181)	(170)
Comprehensive income attributable to S&P Global Inc.	$ 2,820	$ 2,326	$ 2,241

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 6,497	$ 4,108
Restricted cash	8	14
Short-term investments	11	9
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts: 2021- $26 ; 2020 - $30	1,650	1,593
Assets held for sale		0
Prepaid and other current assets	323	264
Total current assets	8,810	5,988
Property and equipment:
Buildings and leasehold improvements	346	364
Equipment and furniture	515	507
Total property and equipment	861	871
Less: accumulated depreciation	(620)	(587)
Property and equipment, net	241	284
Right of use assets	426	494
Goodwill	3,506	3,735
Other intangible assets, net	1,285	1,352
Asset for pension benefits	359	297
Other non-current assets	399	387
Total assets	15,026	12,537
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	205	233
Accrued compensation and contributions to retirement plans	607	551
Income taxes currently payable	90	84
Unearned revenue	2,217	2,168
Liabilities held for sale	149	0
Other current liabilities	547	551
Total current liabilities	3,815	3,587
Long-term debt	4,114	4,110
Lease liabilities – non-current	492	544
Pension and other postretirement benefits	262	291
Other non-current liabilities	807	653
Total liabilities	9,490	9,185
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	3,429	2,781
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Equity:
Common stock, $1 par value: authorized - 600 million shares; issued: 294 million shares in 2021 and 2020	294	294
Additional paid-in capital	1,031	946
Retained income	15,017	13,367
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(841)	(637)
Less: common stock in treasury - at cost: 53 million shares in 2021 and 2020	(13,469)	(13,461)
Total equity – controlling interests	2,032	509
Total equity – noncontrolling interests	75	62
Total equity	2,107	571
Total liabilities and equity	$ 15,026	$ 12,537

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 26	$ 30
Common stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 1	$ 1
Common stock authorized (shares)	600,000,000	600,000,000
Common stock issued (shares)	294,000,000	294,000,000
Treasury stock (shares)	53,000,000	53,000,000

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Operating Activities:
Net income	$ 3,263	$ 2,534	$ 2,303
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	82	83	82
Amortization of intangibles	96	123	122
Provision for losses on accounts receivable	14	17	18
Deferred income taxes	13	(31)	46
Stock-based compensation	122	90	78
Gain on dispositions	(11)	(16)	(49)
Accrued legal settlements	0	9	0
Pension settlement charge, net of taxes	0	2	85
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	279	57
Lease impairment charges	31	120	11
Other	58	110	25
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions and dispositions:
Accounts receivable	(144)	18	(135)
Prepaid and other current assets	(86)	(85)	(81)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	38	132	73
Unearned revenue	198	220	256
Other current liabilities	(45)	(15)	(57)
Net change in prepaid/accrued income taxes	(36)	(2)	(41)
Net change in other assets and liabilities	5	(21)	(17)
Cash provided by operating activities	3,598	3,567	2,776
Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures	(35)	(76)	(115)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(99)	(201)	(91)
Proceeds from dispositions	16	18	85
Changes in short-term investments	(2)	19	(10)
Cash used for investing activities	(120)	(240)	(131)
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of senior notes, net	0	1,276	1,086
Payments on senior notes	0	(1,394)	(868)
Dividends paid to shareholders	(743)	(645)	(560)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders, net	(227)	(194)	(143)
Repurchase of treasury shares	0	(1,164)	(1,240)
Exercise of stock options	13	16	40
Employee withholding tax on share-based payments and other	(56)	(61)	(66)
Cash used for financing activities	(1,013)	(2,166)	(1,751)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(82)	75	34
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	2,383	1,236	928
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year	4,122	2,886	1,958
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of year	6,505	4,122	2,886
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	130	159	162
Income taxes	$ 883	$ 683	$ 659

Consolidated Statements of Equi

Consolidated Statements of Equity - USD ($) $ in Millions		Total	Total SPGI Equity	Common Stock $1 par	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Income	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Less: Treasury Stock	Noncontrolling Interests
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2018		$ 684	$ 628	$ 294	$ 833	$ 11,284	$ (742)	$ (11,041)	$ 56
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive income	[1]	2,251	2,241			2,123	118		10
Dividends (Dividend declared per common share)		(570)	(560)			(560)			(10)
Share repurchases		(1,240)	(1,240)		75			1,315
Employee stock plans		52	52		(5)			(57)
Capital contribution from noncontrolling interest		(36)	(36)			(36)
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest		(608)	(608)			(608)
Other		3	2			2			1
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2019		536	479	294	903	12,205	(624)	(12,299)	57
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive income	[1]	2,340	2,326			2,339	(13)		14
Dividends (Dividend declared per common share)		(656)	(645)			(645)			(11)
Share repurchases		(1,164)	(1,164)					1,164
Employee stock plans		45	45		43			(2)
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest		(532)	(532)			(532)
Other		2	0						2
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2020		571	509	294	946	13,367	(637)	(13,461)	62
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive income	[1]	2,844	2,820			3,024	(204)		24
Dividends (Dividend declared per common share)		(756)	(743)			(743)			(13)
Employee stock plans		77	77		85			8
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest		(631)	(631)			(631)
Other		2	0						2
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2021		$ 2,107	$ 2,032	$ 294	$ 1,031	$ 15,017	$ (841)	$ (13,469)	$ 75
[1]	Excludes $215 million, $181 million and $170 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest.

Consolidated Statements of Eq_2

Consolidated Statements of Equity (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividends declared per share (USD per share)	$ 3.08	$ 2.68	$ 2.28
Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	$ 215	$ 181	$ 170

Accounting Policies

Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Accounting Policies	Accounting Policies Nature of operations S&P Global Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company,” the “Registrant,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is a leading provider of transparent and independent ratings, benchmarks, analytics and data to the capital and commodity markets worldwide. The capital markets include asset managers, investment banks, commercial banks, insurance companies, exchanges, trading firms and issuers; and the commodity markets include producers, traders and intermediaries within energy, petrochemicals, metals and agriculture. Our operations consist of four reportable segments: S&P Global Ratings ("Ratings"), S&P Global Market Intelligence ("Market Intelligence"), S&P Global Platts ("Platts") and S&P Dow Jones Indices ("Indices"). • Ratings is an independent provider of credit ratings, research and analytics, offering investors and other market participants information, ratings and benchmarks. • Market Intelligence is a global provider of multi-asset-class data, research and analytical capabilities, which integrate cross-asset analytics and desktop services. • Platts is the leading independent provider of information and benchmark prices for the commodity and energy markets. • Indices is a global index provider that maintains a wide variety of valuation and index benchmarks for investment advisors, wealth managers and institutional investors. Revenue Recognition Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Subscription revenue Subscription revenue at Market Intelligence is primarily derived from distribution of data, analytics, third party research, and credit ratings-related information primarily through web-based channels including Market Intelligence Desktop, RatingsDirect®, RatingsXpress®, and Credit Analytics. Subscription revenue at Platts is generated by providing customers access to commodity and energy-related price assessments, market data, and real-time news, along with other information services. Subscription revenue at Indices is derived from the contracts for underlying data of our indexes to support our customers' management of index funds, portfolio analytics, and research. For subscription products and services, we generally provide continuous access to dynamic data sets and analytics for a defined period, with revenue recognized ratably as our performance obligation to provide access to our data and analytics is progressively fulfilled over the stated term of the contract. Non-transaction revenue Non-transaction revenue at Ratings is primarily related to surveillance of a credit rating, annual fees for customer relationship-based pricing programs, fees for entity credit ratings and global research and analytics at CRISIL. Non-transaction revenue also includes an intersegment revenue elimination of $146 million, $137 million and $128 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 respectively, mainly consisting of the royalty charged to Market Intelligence for the rights to use and distribute content and data developed by Ratings. For non-transaction revenue related to Rating’s surveillance services, we continuously monitor factors that impact the creditworthiness of an issuer over the contractual term with revenue recognized to the extent that our performance obligation is progressively fulfilled over the term contract. Because surveillance services are continuously provided throughout the term of the contract, our measure of progress towards fulfillment of our obligation to monitor a rating is a time-based output measure with revenue recognized ratably over the term of the contract. Non-subscription / Transaction revenue Transaction revenue at our Ratings segment primarily includes fees associated with: • ratings related to new issuance of corporate and government debt instruments; as well as structured finance instruments; and • bank loan ratings. Transaction revenue is recognized at the point in time when our performance obligation is satisfied by issuing a rating on our customer's instruments and when we have a right to payment and the customer can benefit from the significant risks and rewards of ownership. Non-subscription revenue at Market Intelligence is primarily related to certain advisory, pricing and analytical services. Non-subscription revenue at Platts is primarily related to conference sponsorship, consulting engagements and events. Asset-linked fees Asset-linked fees at Indices and Market Intelligence are primarily related to royalties payments based on the value of assets under management in our customers exchange-traded funds and mutual funds. For asset-linked products and services, we provide licenses conveying continuous access to our index and benchmark-related intellectual property during a specified contract term. Revenue is recognized when the extent that our customers have used our licensed intellectual property can be quantified. Recognition of revenue for our asset-linked fee arrangements is subject to the "recognition constraint" for usage-based royalty payments because we cannot reasonably predict the value of the assets that will be invested in index funds structured using our intellectual property until it is either publicly available or when we are notified by our customers. Revenue derived from an asset-linked fee arrangement is measured and recognized when the certainty of the extent of its utilization of our index products by our customers is known. Sales usage-based royalties Sales usage-based royalty revenue at our Indices segment is primarily related to trading based fees from exchange-traded derivatives. Sales and usage-based royalty revenue at our Platts segment is primarily related to licensing of its proprietary market price data and price assessments to commodity exchanges. For sales usage-based royalty products and services, we provide licenses conveying the right to continuous access to our intellectual property over the contract term, with revenue recognized when the extent of our license’s utilization can be quantified, or more specifically, when trading volumes are known and publicly available to us or when we are notified by our customers. Recognition of revenue of fees tied to trading volumes is subject to the recognition constraint for a usage-based royalty promised by our customers in exchange for the license of our intellectual property, with revenue recognized when trading volumes are known. Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. Revenue relating to agreements that provide for more than one performance obligation is recognized based upon the relative fair value to the customer of each service component as each component is earned. The fair value of the service components are determined using an analysis that considers cash consideration that would be received for instances when the service components are sold separately. If the fair value to the customer for each service is not objectively determinable, we make our best estimate of the services’ stand-alone selling price and record revenue as it is earned over the service period. Receivables We record a receivable when a customer is billed or when revenue is recognized prior to billing a customer. For multi-year agreements, we generally invoice customers annually at the beginning of each annual period. Contract Assets Contract assets include unbilled amounts from when the Company transfers service to a customer before a customer pays consideration or before payment is due. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, contract assets were $9 million and $7 million, respectively, and are included in accounts receivable in our consolidated balance sheets. Unearned Revenue We record unearned revenue when cash payments are received in advance of our performance. The increase in the unearned revenue balance for the year ended December 31, 2021 is primarily driven by cash payments received in advance of satisfying our performance obligations, offset by $2.1 billion of revenues recognized that were included in the unearned revenue balance at the beginning of the period. Remaining Performance Obligations Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of contracts for work that has not yet been performed. As of December 31, 2021, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $2.7 billion. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately half and three-quarters of the remaining performance obligations over the next 12 and 24 months, respectively, with the remainder recognized thereafter. We do not disclose the value of unfulfilled performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts where revenue is a usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property. Costs to Obtain a Contract We recognize an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. We have determined that the costs associated with certain sales commission programs are incremental to the costs to obtain contracts with customers and therefore meet the criteria to be capitalized. Total capitalized costs to obtain a contract were $137 million and $129 million as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and are included in prepaid and other current assets and other non-current assets on our consolidated balance sheets.The capitalized asset will be amortized over a period consistent with the transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which the asset relates, calculated based on the customer term and the average life of the products and services underlying the contracts which has been determined to be approximately 5 years. The expense is recorded within selling and general expenses. We expense sales commissions when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling and general expenses. Other (Income) Expense, net The components of other (income) expense, net for the year ended December 31 are as follows: (in millions) 2021 2020 2019 Other components of net periodic benefit cost 1 $ (45) $ (32) $ 79 Net (income) loss from investments (17) 1 19 Other (income) expense, net $ (62) $ (31) $ 98 1 The net periodic benefit cost for our retirement and post retirement plans for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes a non-cash pre-tax settlement charge of $3 million. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company purchased a group annuity contract under which an insurance company assumed a portion of the Company's obligation to pay pension benefits to the plan's beneficiaries. The net periodic benefit cost for our retirement and post retirement plans for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes a non-cash pre-tax settlement charge of $113 million reflecting the accelerated recognition of a portion of unamortized actuarial losses in the plan. Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale We classify a disposal group to be sold as held for sale in the period in which all of the following criteria are met: management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the disposal group; the disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such disposal group; an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the disposal group have been initiated; the sale of the disposal group is probable, and transfer of the disposal group is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year, except if events or circumstances beyond our control extend the period of time required to sell the disposal group beyond one year; the disposal group is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. A disposal group that is classified as held for sale is initially measured at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a disposal group until the date of sale. The fair value of a disposal group less any costs to sell is assessed each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and any subsequent changes are reported as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the carrying value of the disposal group at the time it was initially classified as held for sale. Upon determining that a disposal group meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, the Company reports the assets and liabilities of the disposal group as held for sale in the current period in our consolidated balance sheets. Discontinued Operations In determining whether a disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity is required to be presented as a discontinued operation, we make a determination whether the disposal represents a strategic shift that had, or will have, a major effect on our operations and financial results. A component of an entity comprises operations and cash flows that can be clearly distinguished both operationally and for financial reporting purposes. If we conclude that the disposal represents a strategic shift, then the results of operations of the group of assets being disposed of (as well as any gain or loss on the disposal transaction) are aggregated for separate presentation apart from our continuing operating results in the consolidated financial statements. Principles of consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all subsidiaries and our share of earnings or losses of joint ventures and affiliated companies under the equity method of accounting. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include ordinary bank deposits and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that consist primarily of money market funds with unrestricted daily liquidity and fixed term time deposits. Such investments and bank deposits are stated at cost, which approximates market value, and were $6.5 billion and $4.1 billion as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These investments are not subject to significant market risk. Restricted cash Cash that is subject to legal restrictions or is unavailable for general operating purposes is classified as restricted cash. Restricted cash included in our consolidated balance sheets was $8 million and $14 million as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Restricted cash primarily consisted of cash required to be on deposit under contractual agreements in connection with certain acquisitions and dispositions. Short-term investments Short-term investments are securities with original maturities greater than 90 days that are available for use in our operations in the next twelve months. The short-term investments, primarily consisting of certificates of deposit and mutual funds, are classified as held-to-maturity and therefore are carried at cost. Interest and dividends are recorded in income when earned. Accounts receivable Credit is extended to customers based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition. Accounts receivable, which include billings consistent with terms of contractual arrangements, are recorded at net realizable value. Allowance for doubtful accounts The allowance for doubtful accounts reserve methodology is based on historical analysis, a review of outstanding balances and current conditions, and by incorporating data points that provide indicators of future economic conditions including forecasted industry default rates and industry index benchmarks. In determining these reserves, we consider, amongst other factors, the financial condition and risk profile of our customers, areas of specific or concentrated risk as well as applicable industry trends or market indicators. Capitalized technology costs We capitalize certain software development and website implementation costs. Capitalized costs only include incremental, direct costs of materials and services incurred to develop the software after the preliminary project stage is completed, funding has been committed and it is probable that the project will be completed and used to perform the function intended. Incremental costs are expenditures that are out-of-pocket to us and are not part of an allocation or existing expense base. Software development and website implementation costs are expensed as incurred during the preliminary project stage. Capitalized costs are amortized from the year the software is ready for its intended use over its estimated useful life, three 2021 and 2020, respectively. Accumulated amortization of capitalized technology costs was $173 million and $150 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Fair Value Certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value and classified within a fair value hierarchy based on inputs used when measuring fair value. We have foreign exchange forward contracts, cross currency and interest rate swaps that are adjusted to fair value on a recurring basis. Other financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity and highly liquid nature of these instruments. The fair value of our long-term debt borrowings were $4.4 billion and $4.6 billion as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and was estimated based on quoted market prices. Accounting for the impairment of long-lived assets (including other intangible assets) We evaluate long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Upon such an occurrence, recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to current forecasts of undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized equal to the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. For long-lived assets held for sale, assets are written down to fair value, less cost to sell. Fair value is determined based on market evidence, discounted cash flows, appraised values or management’s estimates, depending upon the nature of the assets. Leases We determine whether an arrangement meets the criteria for an operating lease or a finance lease at the inception of the arrangement. We have operating leases for office space and equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 12 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 12 years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. We consider these options in determining the lease term used to establish our right-of use ("ROU") assets and associated lease liabilities. We sublease certain real estate leases to third parties which mainly consist of operating leases for space within our offices. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expenses for these leases on a straight line-basis over the lease term in operating-related expenses and selling and general expenses. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. Our future minimum based payments used to determine our lease liabilities include minimum based rent payments and escalations. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter each year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. We have four reporting units with goodwill that are evaluated for impairment. We initially perform a qualitative analysis evaluating whether any events and circumstances occurred or exist that provide evidence that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of our reporting units is less than its carrying amount. If, based on our evaluation we do not believe that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of our reporting units is less than its carrying amount, no quantitative impairment test is performed. Conversely, if the results of our qualitative assessment determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of our reporting units is less than their respective carrying amounts we perform a quantitative impairment test. When conducting our impairment test to evaluate the recoverability of goodwill at the reporting unit level, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying value including goodwill. Fair value of the reporting units are estimated using the income approach, which incorporates the use of the discounted free cash flow (“DCF”) analyses and are corroborated using the market approach, which incorporates the use of revenue and earnings multiples based on market data. The DCF analyses are based on the current operating budgets and estimated long-term growth projections for each reporting unit. Future cash flows are discounted based on a market comparable weighted average cost of capital rate for each reporting unit, adjusted for market and other risks where appropriate. In addition, we analyze any difference between the sum of the fair values of the reporting units and our total market capitalization for reasonableness, taking into account certain factors including control premiums. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, the difference is recognized as an impairment charge. We evaluate the recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets by first performing a qualitative analysis evaluating whether any events and circumstances occurred that provide evidence that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived asset is impaired. If, based on our evaluation of the events and circumstances that occurred during the year we do not believe that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived asset is impaired, no quantitative impairment test is performed. Conversely, if the results of our qualitative assessment determine that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived asset is impaired, a quantitative impairment test is performed. If necessary, an impairment analysis is performed using the income approach to estimate the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset. If the intangible asset carrying value exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. Significant judgments inherent in these analyses include estimating the amount and timing of future cash flows and the selection of appropriate discount rates, royalty rates and long-term growth rate assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible asset and could result in an impairment charge, which could be material to our financial position and results of operations. We performed our impairment assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets and concluded that no impairment existed for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. Foreign currency translation We have operations in many foreign countries. For most international operations, the local currency is the functional currency. For international operations that are determined to be extensions of the parent company, the United States ("U.S.") dollar is the functional currency. For local currency operations, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using end of period exchange rates, and revenue and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using weighted-average exchange rates. Foreign currency translation adjustments are accumulated in a separate component of equity. Depreciation The costs of property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method based upon the following estimated useful lives: buildings and improvements from 15 to 40 years and equipment and furniture from 2 to 10 years. The costs of leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the useful lives or the terms of the respective leases. Advertising expense The cost of advertising is expensed as incurred. We incurred $39 million, $29 million and $34 million in advertising costs for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized over the requisite service period, which typically is the vesting period. Stock-based compensation is classified as both operating-related expense and selling and general expense in the consolidated statements of income. There were no stock options granted in 2021, 2020 and 2019. Income taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We recognize liabilities for uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns. Accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized in interest expense and operating expense, respectively. Judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities and unrecognized tax benefits. In determining the need for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial performance of the operation that is recording a net deferred tax asset is considered along with any other pertinent information. We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions, and we are routinely under audit by many different tax authorities. We believe that our accrual for tax liabilities is adequate for all open audit years based on an assessment of many factors including past experience and interpretations of tax law. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of complex judgments about future events. It is possible that tax examinations will be settled prior to December 31, 2022. If any of these tax audit settlements do occur within that period we would make any necessary adjustments to the accrual for unrecognized tax benefits. As of December 31, 2021, we have approximately $2.9 billion of undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, of which $0.8 billion is reinvested indefinitely in our foreign operations. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest The agreement with the minority partners of our S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC joint venture contains redemption features whereby interests held by our minority partners are redeemable either (i) at the option of the holder or (ii) upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within our control. Since redemption of the noncontrolling interest is outside of our control, this interest is presented on our consolidated balance sheets under the caption “Redeemable noncontrolling interest.” If the interest were to be redeemed, we would generally be required to purchase the interest at fair value on the date of redemption. We adjust the redeemable noncontrolling interest each reporting period to its estimated redemption value, but never less than its initial fair value, using both income and market valuation approaches. Our income and market valuation approaches incorporate Level 3 measures for instances when observable inputs are not available. The more significant judgmental assumptions used to estimate the value of the S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC joint venture include an estimated discount rate, a range of assumptions that form the basis of the expected future net cash flows (e.g., the revenue growth rates and operating margins), and a company specific beta. The significant judgmental assumptions used that incorporate market data, including the relative weighting of market observable information and the comparability of that information in our valuation models, are forward-looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. Any adjustments to the redemption value will impact retained income. See Note 9 – Equity for further detail. Contingencies We accrue for loss contingencies when both (a) information available prior to issuance of the consolidated financial statements indicates that it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (b) the amount of loss can reasonably be estimated. We continually assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes to our contingencies, as well as potential amounts or ranges of probable losses, and recognize a liability, if any, for these contingencies based on an analysis of each matter with the assistance of outside legal counsel and, if applicable, other experts. Because many of these matters are resolved over long periods of time, our estimate of liabilities may change due to new developments, changes in assumptions or changes in our strategy related to the matter. When we accrue for loss contingencies and the reasonable estimate of the loss is within a range, we record our best estimate within the range. We disclose an estimated possible loss or a range of loss when it is at least reasonably possible that a loss may be incurred. Recent Accounting Standards In October of 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance that amends the acquirer's accounting for contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022; however, early adoption is permitted. We do not expect this guidance to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. In August of 2020, the FASB issued guidance that amends the accounting for convertible instruments and the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity's own equity. The guidance was effective on January 1, 2021, and the adoption of this guidance did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. In March of 2020, the FASB issued accounting guidance to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the current contract modifications and hedge accounting guidance in light of the expected market transition from London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") to alternative rates. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions to transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The transactions primarily include (1)

Acquisitions and Divestitures

Acquisitions and Divestitures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Acquisitions and Divestitures	Acquisitions and Divestitures Acquisitions Merger Agreement In November of 2020, S&P Global and IHS Markit Ltd ("IHS Markit") entered into a merger agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, a subsidiary of S&P Global will merge with and into IHS Markit, with IHS Markit surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of S&P Global. Under the terms of the merger agreement, each share of IHS Markit issued and outstanding (other than excluded shares and dissenting shares) will be converted into the right to receive 0.2838 fully paid and nonassessable shares of S&P Global common stock (and, if applicable, cash in lieu of fractional shares, without interest), less any applicable withholding taxes. On March 11, 2021, S&P Global and IHS Markit shareholders voted to approve the merger agreement. As of December 31, 2021, IHS Markit had approximately 399.1 million shares outstanding. Subject to certain closing conditions, the merger is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2022. 2021 For the year ended December 31, 2021, we paid cash for acquisitions of $99 million, net of cash acquired, funded with cash from operations. None of our acquisitions were material either individually or in the aggregate, including the pro forma impact on earnings. Acquisitions completed during the year ended December 31, 2021 included: • In December of 2021, as part of our Sustainable1 investments, we completed the acquisition of The Climate Service, Inc. ("TCS"), which has developed a climate risk analytics platform assisting corporates, investors and governments with assessing physical climate risks. Sustainable1 is S&P Global's single source of essential sustainability intelligence, bringing together S&P Global's resources and full product suite of data, benchmarking, analytics, evaluations and indices that provide customers with a 360-degree view to help achieve their sustainability goals. The acquisition will add capabilities to S&P Global's leading portfolio of essential environmental, social, and governance ("ESG") insights and solutions for its customers. Through this acquisition, S&P Global will be able to offer its clients even more transparent, robust and comprehensive climate data, models and analytics. We accounted for the acquisition using the purchase method of accounting. The acquisition of The Climate Service, Inc. is not material to our consolidated financial statements. For acquisitions during 2021 that were accounted for using the purchase method, the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired is allocated to goodwill and other intangibles. The goodwill recognized on our acquisitions is largely attributable to anticipated operational synergies and growth opportunities as a result of the acquisition. The intangible assets, excluding goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles, will be amortized over their anticipated useful lives between 3 and 5 years which will be determined when we finalize our purchase price allocations. 2020 For the year ended December 31, 2020, we paid cash for acquisitions of $201 million, net of cash acquired, funded with cash from operations. None of our acquisitions were material either individually or in the aggregate, including the pro forma impact on earnings. Acquisitions completed during the year ended December 31, 2020 included: • In February of 2020, CRISIL, included within our Ratings segment, completed the acquisition of Greenwich Associates LLC ("Greenwich"), a leading provider of proprietary benchmarking data, analytics and qualitative, actionable insights that helps financial services firms worldwide measure and improve business performance. The acquisition will complement CRISIL's existing portfolio of products and expand offerings to new segments across financial services including commercial banks and asset and wealth managers. We accounted for this acquisition using the purchase method of accounting. The acquisition of Greenwich is not material to our consolidated financial statements. • In January of 2020, we completed the acquisition of the ESG Ratings Business from RobecoSAM, which includes the widely followed SAM* Corporate Sustainability Assessment, an annual evaluation of companies' sustainability practices. The acquisition will bolster our position as the premier resource for ESG insights and product solutions for our customers. Through this acquisition, we will be able to offer our customers even more transparent, robust and comprehensive ESG solutions. We accounted for this acquisition using the purchase method of accounting. The acquisition of the ESG Ratings Business is not material to our consolidated financial statements. For acquisitions during 2020 that were accounted for using the purchase method, the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired is allocated to goodwill and other intangibles. The goodwill recognized on our acquisitions is largely attributable to anticipated operational synergies and growth opportunities as a result of the acquisition. The intangible assets, excluding goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles, are being amortized over their anticipated useful lives between 3 and 10 years. The goodwill for Greenwich and ESG Ratings Business is deductible for tax purposes. 2019 For the year ended December 31, 2019, we paid cash for acquisitions of $91 million, net of cash acquired, funded with cash from operations. None of our acquisitions were material either individually or in aggregate, including the pro forma impact on earnings. Acquisitions completed during the year ended December 31, 2019 included: • In December of 2019, Market Intelligence acquired 451 Research, LLC ("451 Research"), a privately-held research and advisory firm that provides intelligence, expertise and data covering high-growth emerging technology segments. This acquisition will expand and strengthen Market Intelligence's research coverage, adding differentiated expertise and intelligence with comprehensive offerings in technologies. We accounted for this acquisition using the purchase method of accounting. The acquisition of 451 Research is not material to our consolidated financial statements. • In September of 2019, Platts acquired Canadian Enerdata Ltd. ("Enerdata"), an independent provider of energy data and information in Canada, to further enhance Platts' North American natural gas offering. We accounted for the acquisition using the purchase method of accounting. The acquisition of Enerdata is not material to our consolidated financial statements. • In August of 2019, Platts acquired Live Rice Index ("LRI"), a global provider of information and benchmark price assessments for the rice industry. The purchase expands Platts portfolio of agricultural price assessments while extending its data and news coverage in key export regions for international grains. We accounted for the acquisition using the purchase method of accounting. The acquisition of LRI is not material to our consolidated financial statements. • In July of 2019, we completed the acquisition of the Orion technology center from Ness Technologies. Orion was developed to become our center of excellence for technology talent to focus on innovation by providing employees with access to the latest technologies and global communications infrastructure, as well as physical spaces that enable highly-collaborative teams. We accounted for the acquisition using the purchase method of accounting. The acquisition of Orion is not material to our consolidated financial statements. For acquisitions during 2019 that were accounted for using the purchase method, the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired is allocated to goodwill and other intangibles. The goodwill recognized on our acquisitions is largely attributable to anticipated operational synergies and growth opportunities as a result of the acquisition. The intangible assets, excluding goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles, are being amortized over their anticipated useful lives between 3 and 10 years. The goodwill for 451 Research and Orion is deductible for tax purposes. Non-cash investing activities Liabilities assumed in conjunction with our acquisitions are as follows: (in millions) Year ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Fair value of assets acquired $ 110 $ 219 $ 110 Cash paid (net of cash acquired) 99 201 91 Liabilities assumed $ 11 $ 18 $ 19 Divestitures 2021 In December of 2021, S&P Global entered into an agreement to sell CUSIP Global Services ("CGS") business, included in our Market Intelligence segment, to FactSet Research Systems for $1.925 billion, with the agreement subject to customary purchase price adjustments. The agreement represents continued progress toward completing the pending merger of S&P Global and IHS Markit, and the divestiture is dependent on expected closing of the merger with IHS Markit and other customary conditions. We have also pledged to divest our Leveraged Commentary and Data (“LCD”) business, included in our Market Intelligence segment, along with a related family of leveraged loan indices as a condition for regulatory approval. Under the European Commission's conditional approval of the merger of S&P Global and IHS Markit, execution of an agreement to sell the LCD business can occur after the closing of the merger. The divestitures remain subject to further review and approval by antitrust regulators. Subject to certain closing conditions, the merger is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we completed the following dispositions that resulted in a pre-tax gain of $11 million, which was included in Gain on dispositions in the consolidated statement of income: • During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $8 million ($6 million after-tax) in Gain on dispositions in the consolidated statements of income related to the sale of office facilities in India. • During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $3 million ($3 million after-tax) in Gain on dispositions in the consolidated statements of income related to the sale of Standard & Poor's Investment Advisory Services LLC ("SPIAS"), a business within our Market Intelligence segment, that occurred in July of 2019. 2020 During the year ended December 31, 2020, we completed the following dispositions that resulted in a pre-tax gain of $16 million, which was included in Gain on dispositions in the consolidated statement of income: • In January of 2020, Market Intelligence entered into a strategic alliance to transition S&P Global Market Intelligence's Investor Relations ("IR") webhosting business to Q4 Inc. ("Q4"). This alliance integrated Market Intelligence's proprietary data into Q4's portfolio of solutions, enabling further opportunities for commercial collaboration. In connection with transitioning its IR webhosting business to Q4, Market Intelligence received a minority investment in Q4. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $11 million ($6 million after-tax) in Gain on dispositions in the consolidated statements of income related to the sale of IR. • In September of 2020, we sold our facility at East Windsor, New Jersey. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $4 million ($3 million after-tax) in Gain on dispositions in the consolidated statements of income related to the sale of East Windsor. • During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $1 million ($1 million after-tax) in Gain on dispositions in the consolidated statements of income related to the sale of Standard & Poor's Investment Advisory Services LLC ("SPIAS"), a business within our Market Intelligence segment, in July of 2019. 2019 During the year ended December 31, 2019, we completed the following dispositions that resulted in a pre-tax gain of $49 million, which was included in Gain on dispositions in the consolidated statement of income: • On July 31, 2019, we completed the sale of RigData, a business within our Platts segment, to Drilling Info, Inc. RigData is a provider of daily information on rig activity for the natural gas and oil markets across North America. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $27 million ($26 million after-tax) in Gain on dispositions in the consolidated statement of income related to the sale of RigData. • In March of 2019, we entered into an agreement to sell SPIAS to Goldman Sachs Asset Management ("GSAM"). SPIAS provides non-discretionary investment advice across institutional sub-advisory and intermediary distribution channels globally. On July 1, 2019, we completed the sale of SPIAS to GSAM. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $22 million ($12 million after-tax) in Gain on dispositions in the consolidated statement of income related to the sale of SPIAS. The components of assets and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet consist of the following: (in millions) December 31, 2021 1 Accounts Receivable, net $ 59 Goodwill 255 Other assets 7 Assets of businesses held for sale $ 321 Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 11 Unearned revenue 138 Liabilities of businesses held for sale $ 149 1 Assets and liabilities held for sale as of December 31, 2021 relate to CGS and LCD. The operating profit of our businesses that were held for sale or disposed of for the years ending December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 is as follows: (in millions) Year ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Operating profit 1 $ 172 $ 162 $ 162 1 The operating profit presented includes the revenue and recurring direct expenses associated with businesses held for sale. The year ended December 31, 2021 excludes a pre-tax gain on the sale of SPIAS of $3 million . T he year ended December 31, 2020 excludes a pre-tax gain on the sale of the IR webhosting business of $11 million. The year ended December 31, 2019 excludes a pre-tax gain on the sale of RigData and SPIAS of $27 million and $22 million, respectively.

Goodwill and Other Intangible A

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of businesses acquired. The change in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment is shown below: (in millions) Ratings Market Intelligence Platts Indices Corporate Total Balance as of December 31, 2019 $ 115 $ 2,062 $ 521 $ 376 $ 501 $ 3,575 Acquisitions 138 — — — — 138 Dispositions — (2) — — — (2) Other 1 10 11 6 — (3) 24 Balance as of December 31, 2020 263 2,071 527 376 498 3,735 Acquisitions — — — — 54 54 Reclassifications 2 — (255) — — — (255) Other 1 (18) (8) (2) — — (28) Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 245 $ 1,808 $ 525 $ 376 $ 552 $ 3,506 1 Primarily relates to the impact of foreign exchange and valuation adjustments for prior period acquisitions. 2021 includes adjustments related to RobecoSAM and 2020 includes adjustments related to Investor Relations. 2 Relates to CGS and LCD, which are classified as assets held for sale in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 Goodwill additions and dispositions in the table above relate to transactions discussed in Note 2 – Acquisitions and Divestitures . Other Intangible Assets Other intangible assets include both indefinite-lived assets not subject to amortization and definite-lived assets subject to amortization. We have indefinite-lived assets with a carrying value of $846 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. • 2021 and 2020 both include $380 million and $90 million for Dow Jones Indices intellectual property and the Dow Jones tradename, respectively, that we recorded as part of the transaction to form S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC in 2012. • 2021 and 2020 both include $185 million within our Market Intelligence segment for the SNL tradename. • 2021 and 2020 both include $132 million within our Indices segment for the balance of the IP rights in a family of indices derived from the S&P 500, solidifying Indices IP in and to the S&P 500 index family. • 2021 and 2020 both include $59 million within our Indices segment for the Goldman Sachs Commodity Index intellectual property and the Broad Market Indices intellectual property. The following table summarizes our definite-lived intangible assets: (in millions) Cost Databases and software Content Customer relationships Tradenames Other intangibles Total Balance as of December 31, 2019 $ 629 $ 139 $ 355 $ 54 $ 130 $ 1,307 Acquisitions 14 — — — 40 54 Other (primarily Fx) 1 2 — 1 1 7 11 Balance as of December 31, 2020 645 139 356 55 177 1,372 Acquisitions — — — — 18 18 Other 1 — — (1) — 11 10 Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 645 $ 139 $ 355 $ 55 $ 206 $ 1,400 Accumulated amortization Balance as of December 31, 2019 $ 331 $ 129 $ 153 $ 48 $ 68 $ 729 Current year amortization 73 10 21 2 17 123 Acquisitions — — — — 10 10 Other (primarily Fx) 1 2 — 1 — 1 4 Balance as of December 31, 2020 406 139 175 50 96 866 Current year amortization 52 — 21 2 21 96 Reclassifications 2 8 — — — (8) — Other 1 1 — — — (2) (1) Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 467 $ 139 $ 196 $ 52 $ 107 $ 961 Net definite-lived intangibles: December 31, 2020 $ 239 $ — $ 181 $ 5 $ 81 $ 506 December 31, 2021 $ 178 $ — $ 159 $ 3 $ 99 $ 439 1 Primarily relates to the impact of foreign exchange and valuation adjustments for prior period acquisitions. 2021 includes adjustments related to RobecoSAM and 2020 includes adjustments related to 451 Research. 2 The reclassification in 2021 is related to RobecoSAM. Definite-lived intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over periods of up to 21 years. The weighted-average life of the intangible assets as of December 31, 2021 is approximately 12 years. Amortization expense was $96 million, $123 million and $122 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Expected amortization expense for intangible assets over the next five years for the years ended December 31, assuming no further acquisitions or dispositions, is as follows: (in millions) 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Amortization expense 1 $ 91 $ 85 $ 82 $ 65 $ 34 1 Amortization expense does not include the expected merger with IHS Markit which is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2022.

Taxes on Income

Taxes on Income	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Taxes on Income	Taxes on Income Income before taxes on income resulting from domestic and foreign operations is as follows: (in millions) Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Domestic operations $ 2,874 $ 2,226 $ 2,068 Foreign operations 1,290 1,002 862 Total income before taxes $ 4,164 $ 3,228 $ 2,930 The provision for taxes on income consists of the following: (in millions) Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Federal: Current $ 438 $ 349 $ 303 Deferred (9) 1 13 Total federal 429 350 316 Foreign: Current 295 246 201 Deferred 23 (9) 14 Total foreign 318 237 215 State and local: Current 153 111 93 Deferred 1 (4) 3 Total state and local 154 107 96 Total provision for taxes $ 901 $ 694 $ 627 A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to our effective income tax rate for financial reporting purposes is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 U.S. federal statutory income tax rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State and local income taxes 3.3 3.0 2.6 Foreign operations (0.2) (0.3) (0.3) Stock-based compensation (0.8) (0.7) (1.4) S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC joint venture (1.1) (1.2) (1.2) Tax credits and incentives (2.3) (2.2) (1.7) Other, net 1.7 1.9 2.4 Effective income tax rate 21.6 % 21.5 % 21.4 % The increase in the effective income tax rate in 2021 was primarily due to a change in the mix of income by jurisdiction. The increase in the effective income tax rate in 2020 was primarily due to a decrease in the recognition of excess tax benefits associated with share-based payments in the statement of income. We have elected to recognize the tax on Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”) as a period expense in the year the tax is incurred. GILTI expense is included in Other, net above. The principal temporary differences between the accounting for income and expenses for financial reporting and income tax purposes are as follows: (in millions) December 31, 2021 2020 Deferred tax assets: Employee compensation $ 57 $ 64 Accrued expenses 54 41 Postretirement benefits 28 12 Unearned revenue 74 28 Forward exchange contracts 71 — Loss carryforwards 204 217 Lease liabilities 142 186 Other 32 53 Total deferred tax assets 662 601 Deferred tax liabilities: Goodwill and intangible assets (394) (347) Right of use asset (101) (138) Postretirement benefits (46) — Fixed assets (6) (7) Total deferred tax liabilities (547) (492) Net deferred income tax asset before valuation allowance 115 109 Valuation allowance (206) (219) Net deferred income tax liability $ (91) $ (110) Reported as: Non-current deferred tax assets $ 56 $ 67 Non-current deferred tax liabilities (147) (177) Net deferred income tax liability $ (91) $ (110) We record valuation allowances against deferred income tax assets when we determine that it is more likely than not that such deferred income tax assets will not be realized based upon all the available evidence. The valuation allowance is primarily related to operating losses. As of December 31, 2021, we have approximately $2.9 billion of undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, of which $0.8 billion is reinvested indefinitely in our foreign operations. We have not recorded deferred income taxes applicable to undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that are indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. Quantification of the deferred tax liability, if any, associated with indefinitely reinvested earnings is not practicable. We made net income tax payments totaling $883 million in 2021, $683 million in 2020, and $659 million in 2019. As of December 31, 2021, we had net operating loss carryforwards of $761 million, of which a significant portion has an unlimited carryover period under current law. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: (in millions) Year ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Balance at beginning of year $ 121 $ 124 $ 147 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 35 24 21 Additions for tax positions of prior years 9 1 11 Reduction for tax positions of prior years — (13) (15) Reduction for settlements (8) (4) (33) Expiration of applicable statutes of limitations (10) (11) (7) Balance at end of year $ 147 $ 121 $ 124 The total amount of federal, state and local, and foreign unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $147 million, $121 million and $124 million, respectively, exclusive of interest and penalties. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the change in unrecognized tax benefits resulted in a net increase of tax expense of $31 million. We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and operating-related expense, respectively. Based on the current status of income tax audits, we believe that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits on the balance sheet may be reduced by up to approximately $16 million in the next twelve months as a result of the resolution of local tax examinations. In addition to the unrecognized tax benefits, we had $24 million as of both December 31, 2021 and 2020 of accrued interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits. The U.S. federal income tax audits for 2017 through 2021 are in process. During 2021, we completed state and foreign tax audits and, with few exceptions, we are no longer subject to federal, state, or foreign income tax examinations by tax authorities for the years before 2013. The impact to tax expense in 2021, 2020 and 2019 was not material.

Debt

Debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	Debt A summary of long-term debt outstanding is as follows: (in millions) December 31, 2021 2020 4.0% Senior Notes, due 2025 1 $ 696 $ 695 2.95% Senior Notes, due 2027 2 496 495 2.5% Senior Notes, due 2029 3 496 495 1.25% Senior Notes, due 2030 4 593 592 6.55% Senior Notes, due 2037 5 290 290 4.5% Senior Notes, due 2048 6 273 273 3.25% Senior Notes, due 2049 7 589 589 2.3% Senior Notes, due 2060 8 681 681 Long-term debt $ 4,114 $ 4,110 1 Interest payments are due semiannually on June 15 and December 15, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $4 million. 2 Interest payments are due semiannually on January 22 and July 22, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $4 million. 3 Interest payments are due semiannually on June 1 and December 1, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $4 million . 4 Interest payments are due semiannually on February 15 and August 15, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $7 million. 5 Interest payments are due semiannually on May 15 and November 15, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $3 million. 6 Interest payments are due semiannually on May 15 and November 15, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $10 million . 7 Interest payments are due semiannually on June 1 and December 1, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $11 million. 8 Interest payments are due semiannually on February 15 and August 15, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $19 million. Annual debt maturities are scheduled as follows based on book values as of December 31, 2021: no amounts due in 2022, 2023, or 2024; $696 million due in 2025; no amounts due in 2026; and $3.4 billion due thereafter. On April 26, 2021, we entered into a revolving $1.5 billion five-year credit agreement (our "credit facility") that will terminate on April 26, 2026. This credit facility replaced our revolving $1.2 billion five-year credit facility (our "previous credit facility") that was scheduled to terminate on June 30, 2022. The previous credit facility was canceled immediately after the new credit facility became effective. There were no outstanding borrowings under the previous credit facility when it was replaced. On August 13, 2020, we issued $600 million of 1.25% senior notes due in 2030 and $700 million of 2.3% senior notes due in 2060. The notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by our wholly-owned subsidiary, Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC. In the third quarter of 2020, we used the net proceeds to fund the redemption and extinguishment of the $900 million outstanding principal amount of our 4.4% senior notes due in 2026 and a portion of the outstanding principal amount of our 6.55% senior notes due in 2037 and our 4.5% senior notes due in 2048. On November 26, 2019, we issued $500 million of 2.5% senior notes due in 2029 and $600 million of 3.25% senior notes due in 2049. The notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by our wholly-owned subsidiary, Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC. In the fourth quarter of 2019, we used the net proceeds to fund the redemption of the $700 million outstanding principal amount of our 3.3% senior notes due in August of 2020 and a portion of the $400 million outstanding principal amount of our 6.55% senior notes due in October of 2037. We have the ability to borrow a total of $1.5 billion through our commercial paper program, which is supported by our credit facility. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there was no commercial paper issued or outstanding, and we similarly did not draw or have any borrowings outstanding from the credit facility or the previous credit facility during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Commitment fees for the unutilized commitments under the credit facility and applicable margins for borrowings thereunder are linked to the Company achieving three environmental sustainability performance indicators related to emissions, tested annually. We currently pay a commitment fee of 9 basis points. The credit facility also includes an accordion feature which allows the Company to increase the total commitments thereunder by up to an additional $500 million, subject to certain customary terms and conditions. The credit facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants and customary events of default. The occurrence of an event of default could result in an acceleration of the obligations under the credit facility. The only financial covenant required under our credit facility is that our indebtedness to cash flow ratio, as defined in our credit facility, was not greater than 4 to 1, and this covenant level has never been exceeded.

Derivative Instruments

Derivative Instruments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative Instruments	Derivative Instruments Our exposure to market risk includes changes in foreign exchange rates and interest rates. We have operations in foreign countries where the functional currency is primarily the local currency. For international operations that are determined to be extensions of the parent company, the U.S. dollar is the functional currency. We typically have naturally hedged positions in most countries from a local currency perspective with offsetting assets and liabilities. As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we have entered into foreign exchange forward contracts to mitigate or hedge the effect of adverse fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and cross currency swap contracts to hedge a portion of our net investment in a foreign subsidiary against volatility in foreign exchange rates. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, we entered into a series of interest rate swaps to mitigate or hedge the adverse fluctuations in interest rates on our future debt refinancing. These contracts are recorded at fair value that is based on foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates in active markets; therefore, we classify these derivative contracts within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. We do not enter into any derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. Undesignated Derivative Instruments During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 we entered into foreign exchange forward contracts in order to mitigate the change in fair value of specific assets and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. These forward contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the aggregate notional value of these outstanding forward contracts was $376 million and $460 million, respectively. The changes in fair value of these forward contracts are recorded in prepaid and other assets or other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet with their corresponding change in fair value recognized in selling and general expenses in the consolidated statement of income. The amount recorded in prepaid and other current assets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $5 million and $2 million, respectively. The amount recorded in other current liabilities was less than $1 million as of December 31, 2021 and $2 million as of December 31, 2020. The amount recorded in selling and general expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 related to these contracts was a net loss $9 million and a net gain of $9 million, respectively. Net Investment Hedges During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we entered into cross currency swaps to hedge a portion of our net investment in one of our European subsidiaries against volatility in the Euro/U.S. dollar exchange rate. These swaps are designated and qualify as a hedge of a net investment in a foreign subsidiary and are scheduled to mature in 2024, 2029, 2030. The notional value of our outstanding cross currency swaps designated as a net investment hedge was $1 billion as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The changes in the fair value of swaps are recognized in foreign currency translation adjustments, a component of other comprehensive income (loss), and reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss in our consolidated balance sheet. The gain or loss will be subsequently reclassified into net earnings when the hedged net investment is either sold or substantially liquidated. We have elected to assess the effectiveness of our net investment hedges based on changes in spot exchange rates. Accordingly, amounts related to the cross currency swaps recognized directly in net income represent net periodic interest settlements and accruals, which are recognized in interest expense, net. We recognized net interest income of $20 million and $10 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Cash Flow Hedges Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we entered into a series of foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge a portion of the Indian rupee, British pound, and Euro exposures through the fourth quarter of 2023, 2022 and 2020 respectively. These contracts are intended to offset the impact of movement of exchange rates on future revenue and operating costs and are scheduled to mature within twenty-four months. The changes in the fair value of these contracts are initially reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss in our consolidated balance sheet and are subsequently reclassified into revenue and selling and general expenses in the same period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. As of December 31, 2021, we estimate that $6 million of pre-tax gain related to foreign exchange forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges recorded in other comprehensive income is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months. As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the aggregate notional value of our outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges was $498 million and $489 million, respectively. Interest Rate Swaps During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, we entered into a series of interest rate swaps. These contracts are intended to mitigate or hedge the adverse fluctuations in interest rates on our future debt refinancing and are scheduled to mature beginning in the first quarter of 2027. These interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges. The changes in the fair value of these contracts are initially reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss in our consolidated balance sheet and will be subsequently reclassified into interest expense, net in the same period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. As of December 31, 2021, the aggregate notional value of our outstanding interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges was $2.3 billion. The following table provides information on the location and fair value amounts of our cash flow hedges and net investment hedges as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020: (in millions) December 31, December 31, Balance Sheet Location 2021 2020 Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Prepaid and other current assets Foreign exchange forward contracts $ 7 $ 23 Other current liabilities Foreign exchange forward contracts $ — $ 2 Other non-current liabilities Interest rate swap contracts $ 270 $ — Derivative designated as net investment hedges: Other non-current liabilities Cross currency swaps $ 17 $ 107 The following table provides information on the location and amounts of pre-tax gains (losses) on our cash flow hedges and net investment hedges for the years ended December 31: (in millions) Gain (Loss) recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (effective portion) Location of Gain (Loss) reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income (effective portion) Gain (Loss) reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income (effective portion) 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Cash flow hedges - designated as hedging instruments Foreign exchange forward contracts $ (11) $ 17 $ (2) Revenue, Selling and general expenses $ 19 $ 2 $ 5 Interest rate swap contracts $ (270) $ — $ — Interest expense, net $ — $ — $ — Net investment hedges- designated as hedging instruments Cross currency swaps $ 84 $ (97) $ (10) Interest expense, net $ (5) $ — $ — The activity related to the change in unrealized gains (losses) in accumulated other comprehensive loss was as follows for the years ended December 31: (in millions) Year ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Cash Flow Hedges Foreign exchange forward contracts Net unrealized gains on cash flow hedges, net of taxes, beginning of period $ 14 $ 2 $ 4 Change in fair value, net of tax 11 14 3 Reclassification into earnings, net of tax (19) (2) (5) Net unrealized gains on cash flow hedges, net of taxes, end of period $ 6 $ 14 $ 2 Interest rate swap contracts Net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges, net of taxes, beginning of period $ — $ — $ — Change in fair value, net of tax (203) — — Reclassification into earnings, net of tax — — — Net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges, net of taxes, end of period $ (203) $ — $ — Net Investment Hedges Net unrealized losses on net investment hedges, net of taxes, beginning of period $ (81) $ (8) $ — Change in fair value, net of tax 59 (73) (8) Reclassification into earnings, net of tax 5 — — Net unrealized losses on net investment hedges, net of taxes, end of period $ (17) $ (81) $ (8)

Employee Benefits

Employee Benefits	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee Benefits	Employee Benefits We maintain a number of active defined contribution retirement plans for our employees. The majority of our defined benefit plans are frozen. As a result, no new employees will be permitted to enter these plans and no additional benefits for current participants in the frozen plans will be accrued. We also have supplemental benefit plans that provide senior management with supplemental retirement, disability and death benefits. Certain supplemental retirement benefits are based on final monthly earnings. In addition, we sponsor a voluntary 401(k) plan under which we may match employee contributions up to certain levels of compensation as well as profit-sharing plans under which we contribute a percentage of eligible employees' compensation to the employees' accounts. We also provide certain medical, dental and life insurance benefits for active and retired employees and eligible dependents. The medical and dental plans and supplemental life insurance plan are contributory, while the basic life insurance plan is noncontributory. We currently do not prefund any of these plans. We recognize the funded status of our retirement and postretirement plans in the consolidated balance sheets, with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes. The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss represent net unrecognized actuarial losses and unrecognized prior service costs. These amounts will be subsequently recognized as net periodic pension cost pursuant to our accounting policy for amortizing such amounts. Net periodic benefit cost for our retirement and postretirement plans other than the service cost component are included in other (income) expense, net in our consolidated statements of income. Benefit Obligation A summary of the benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets, as well as the funded status for the retirement and postretirement plans as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, is as follows (benefits paid in the table below include only those amounts contributed directly to or paid directly from plan assets): (in millions) Retirement Plans Postretirement Plans 2021 2020 2021 2020 Net benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 2,220 $ 1,945 $ 36 $ 38 Service cost 4 4 — — Interest cost 40 52 1 1 Plan participants’ contributions — — 2 2 Actuarial (gain) loss 1 (55) 269 (2) 1 Gross benefits paid (77) (76) (5) (6) Foreign currency effect (10) 26 — — Other adjustments 2 — — (4) — Net benefit obligation at end of year 2,122 2,220 28 36 Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year 2,243 1,960 9 13 Actual return on plan assets 58 327 — — Employer contributions 11 12 — — Plan participants’ contributions — — 2 2 Gross benefits paid (77) (76) (5) (6) Foreign currency effect (4) 20 — — Fair value of plan assets at end of year 2,231 2,243 6 9 Funded status $ 109 $ 23 $ (22) $ (27) Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets: Non-current assets $ 359 $ 297 $ — $ — Current liabilities (10) (10) — — Non-current liabilities (240) (264) (22) (27) $ 109 $ 23 $ (22) $ (27) Accumulated benefit obligation $ 2,110 $ 2,204 Plans with accumulated benefit obligation in excess of the fair value of plan assets: Projected benefit obligation $ 250 $ 274 Accumulated benefit obligation $ 238 $ 258 Fair value of plan assets $ — $ — Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax: Net actuarial loss (gain) $ 350 $ 373 $ (36) $ (37) Prior service credit 2 2 (14) (12) Total recognized $ 352 $ 375 $ (50) $ (49) 1 The actuarial gain in 2021 compared to the actuarial loss in 2020 was primarily due to an increase in the discount rate. 2 Relates to the impact of a plan amendment in 2021. Net Periodic Benefit Cost For purposes of determining annual pension cost, prior service costs are being amortized straight-line over the average expected remaining lifetime of plan participants expected to receive benefits. A summary of net periodic benefit cost for our retirement and postretirement plans for the years ended December 31, is as follows: (in millions) Retirement Plans Postretirement Plans 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Service cost $ 4 $ 4 $ 3 $ — $ — $ — Interest cost 40 52 64 1 1 1 Expected return on assets (104) (102) (108) — — — Amortization of: Actuarial loss (gain) 21 17 12 (2) (2) (2) Prior service credit — — — (1) (1) (1) Net periodic benefit cost (39) (29) (29) (2) (2) (2) Settlement charge 3 1 3 1 113 2 — — — Total net periodic benefit cost $ (36) $ (26) $ 84 $ (2) $ (2) $ (2) 1 During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, lump sum withdrawals exceeded the combined total anticipated annual service and interest cost of our U.K. pension plan, triggering the recognition of non-cash pre-tax settlement charges of $3 million. 2 Relates to the impact of a retiree annuity purchase in 2019. The Company purchased a group annuity contract under which an insurance company assumed a portion of the Company's obligation to pay pension benefits to the plan's beneficiaries. The purchase of this group annuity contract was funded by pension plan assets. The non-cash pretax settlement charge reflects the accelerated recognition of a portion of unamortized actuarial losses in the plan. Our U.K. retirement plan accounted for a benefit of $22 million in 2021, $17 million in 2020 and $14 million in 2019 of the net periodic benefit cost attributable to the funded plans. Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax for the years ended December 31, are as follows: (in millions) Retirement Plans Postretirement Plans 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Net actuarial loss (gain) $ (6) $ 28 $ (10) $ (1) $ 1 $ — Recognized actuarial (gain) loss (15) (9) (10) 1 2 1 Prior service cost — — — (1) 1 1 Settlement charge (2) 1 (2) 1 (85) 2 — — — Total recognized $ (23) $ 17 $ (105) $ (1) $ 4 $ 2 1 During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, lump sum withdrawals exceeded the combined total anticipated annual service and interest cost of our U.K. pension plan, triggering the recognition of non-cash pre-tax settlement charges of $3 million. 2 Relates to the impact of a retiree annuity purchase in 2019. The Company purchased a group annuity contract under which an insurance company assumed a portion of the Company's obligation to pay pension benefits to the plan's beneficiaries. The purchase of this group annuity contract was funded by pension plan assets. The non-cash after tax settlement charge reflects the accelerated recognition of a portion of unamortized actuarial losses in the plan. The total cost for our retirement plans was $93 million for 2021, $91 million for 2020 and $187 million for 2019. The total cost for our retirement plans in 2019 includes the $113 million settlement charge related to the retiree annuity purchase in 2019. Included in the total retirement plans cost are defined contribution plans cost of $86 million for 2021, $80 million for 2020 and $73 million for 2019. Assumptions Retirement Plans Postretirement Plans 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Benefit obligation: Discount rate 2 3.05 % 2.75 % 3.45 % 2.72 % 2.20 % 3.08 % Net periodic cost: Weighted-average healthcare cost rate 1 N/A 6.00 % 6.50 % Discount rate - U.S. plan 2 2.75 % 3.45 % 4.40 % 2.20 % 3.08 % 4.15 % Discount rate - U.K. plan 2 1.36 % 1.92 % 2.72 % Return on assets 3 5.00 % 5.50 % 6.00 % 1 The health care cost trend rate no longer applies since all subsidized benefits subject to trend were eliminated in 2021. 2 Effective January 1, 2021, we changed our discount rate assumption on our U.S. retirement plans to 2.75% from 3.45% in 2020 and changed our discount rate assumption on our U.K. plan to 1.36% from 1.92% in 2020. 3 The expected return on assets assumption is calculated based on the plan’s asset allocation strategy and projected market returns over the long-term. Effective January 1, 2022, our return on assets assumption for the U.S. plan was reduced to 4.00% from 5.00% and the U.K. plan was reduced to 5.00% from 5.50%. Cash Flows In December of 2003, the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (the “Act”) was enacted. The Act established a prescription drug benefit under Medicare, known as “Medicare Part D”, and a federal subsidy to sponsors of retiree healthcare benefit plans that provide a benefit that is at least actuarially equivalent to Medicare Part D. Our benefits provided to certain participants are at least actuarially equivalent to Medicare Part D, and, accordingly, we are entitled to a subsidy. Effective January 1, 2021, we elected to no longer file for Medicare Part D subsidy. Expected employer contributions in 2022 are $11 million and $3 million for our retirement and postretirement plans, respectively. In 2022, we may elect to make non-required contributions depending on investment performance and the pension plan status. Information about the expected cash flows for our retirement and postretirement plans is as follows: (in millions) Retirement Plans 1 Postretirement Plans 2 2022 $ 70 3 2023 73 3 2024 75 3 2025 79 3 2026 82 2 2027-2031 447 8 1 Reflects the total benefits expected to be paid from the plans or from our assets including both our share of the benefit cost and the participants’ share of the cost. 2 Reflects the total benefits expected to be paid from our assets. Fair Value of Plan Assets In accordance with authoritative guidance for fair value measurements certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value. Fair value is defined as the amount that would be received for selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value hierarchy has been established which requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows: • Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. • Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The fair value of our defined benefit plans assets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, by asset class is as follows: (in millions) December 31, 2021 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Cash and short-term investments $ 6 $ 6 $ — $ — Equities: U.S. indexes 1 6 6 — — Fixed income: Long duration strategy 2 1,376 — 1,376 — Intermediate duration securities 59 — 59 — Real Estate: U.K. 3 44 — — 44 Infrastructure: U.K. 4 81 — 81 Total $ 1,572 $ 12 $ 1,516 $ 44 Common collective trust funds measured at net asset value as a practical expedient: Collective investment funds 5 $ 659 Total $ 2,231 (in millions) December 31, 2020 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Cash and short-term investments $ 4 $ 4 $ — $ — Equities: U.S. indexes 1 9 9 — — U.S. growth and value 41 41 — — Fixed income: Long duration strategy 2 1,339 — 1,339 — Intermediate duration securities 57 — 57 — Real Estate: U.K. 3 38 — — 38 Infrastructure: U.K. 4 $ 78 $ — $ 78 $ — Total $ 1,566 $ 54 $ 1,474 $ 38 Common collective trust funds measured at net asset value as a practical expedient: Collective investment funds 5 $ 677 Total $ 2,243 1 Includes securities that are tracked in the S&P Smallcap 600 index. 2 Includes securities that are mainly investment grade obligations of issuers in the U.S. 3 Includes a fund which holds real estate properties in the U.K. 4 Includes funds that invest in global infrastructure for the UK Pension. 5 Includes the Standard & Poor's 500 Composite Stock Index, the Standard & Poor's MidCap 400 Composite Stock Index, a short-term investment fund which is a common collective trust vehicle, and other various asset classes. For securities that are quoted in active markets, the trustee/custodian determines fair value by applying securities’ prices obtained from its pricing vendors. For commingled funds that are not actively traded, the trustee applies pricing information provided by investment management firms to the unit quantities of such funds. Investment management firms employ their own pricing vendors to value the securities underlying each commingled fund. Underlying securities that are not actively traded derive their prices from investment managers, which in turn, employ vendors that use pricing models (e.g., discounted cash flow, comparables). The domestic defined benefit plans have no investment in our stock, except through the S&P 500 commingled trust index fund. The trustee obtains estimated prices from vendors for securities that are not easily quotable and they are categorized accordingly as Level 3. The following table details further information on our plan assets where we have used significant unobservable inputs: (in millions) Level 3 Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 38 Distributions (2) Gain (loss) 8 Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 44 Pension Trusts’ Asset Allocations There are two pension trusts, one in the U.S. and one in the U.K. • The U.S. pension trust had assets of $1,600 million and $1,630 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 respectively, and the target allocations in 2021 include 92% fixed income, 4% domestic equities, 2% international equities and 2% cash and cash equivalents. • The U.K. pension trust had assets of $631 million and $613 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and the target allocations in 2021 include 55% fixed income, 15% diversified growth funds, 15% infrastructure, 8% equities and 7% real estate. The pension assets are invested with the goal of producing a combination of capital growth, income and a liability hedge. The mix of assets is established after consideration of the long-term performance and risk characteristics of asset classes. Investments are selected based on their potential to enhance returns, preserve capital and reduce overall volatility. Holdings are diversified within each asset class. The portfolios employ a mix of index and actively managed equity strategies by market capitalization, style, geographic regions and economic sectors. The fixed income strategies include U.S. long duration securities, opportunistic fixed income securities and U.K. debt instruments. The short-term portfolio, whose primary goal is capital preservation for liquidity purposes, is composed of government and government-agency securities, uninvested cash, receivables and payables. The portfolios do not employ any financial leverage. U.S. Defined Contribution Plan Assets of the defined contribution plan in the U.S. consist primarily of investment options, which include actively managed equity, indexed equity, actively managed equity/bond funds, target date funds, S&P Global Inc. common stock, stable value and money market strategies. There is also a self-directed mutual fund investment option. The plan purchased 107,651 shares and sold 160,415 shares of S&P Global Inc. common stock in 2021 and purchased 296,921 shares and sold 331,088 shares of S&P Global Inc. common stock in 2020. The plan held approximately 1.2 million and 1.3 million shares of S&P Global Inc. common stock as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, with market values of $567 million and $414 million, respectively. The plan received dividends on S&P Global Inc. common stock of $3.8 million and $3 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation We issue stock-based incentive awards to our eligible employees under the 2019 Employee Stock Incentive Plan and to our eligible non-employee Directors under a Director Deferred Stock Ownership Plan. No further awards may be granted under the 2002 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (the “2002 Plan”), although awards granted under the 2002 Plan prior to the adoption of the new 2019 Plan in June of 2019 remain outstanding in accordance with their terms. • 2019 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) – The 2019 Plan permits the granting of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance stock, restricted stock and other stock-based awards. • Director Deferred Stock Ownership Plan – Under this plan, common stock reserved may be credited to deferred stock accounts for eligible Directors. In general, the plan requires that 50% of eligible Directors’ annual compensation plus dividend equivalents be credited to deferred stock accounts. Each Director may also elect to defer all or a portion of the remaining compensation and have an equivalent number of shares credited to the deferred stock account. Recipients under this plan are not required to provide consideration to us other than rendering service. Shares will be delivered as of the date a recipient ceases to be a member of the Board of Directors or within five years thereafter, if so elected. The plan will remain in effect until terminated by the Board of Directors or until no shares of stock remain available under the plan. The number of common shares reserved for issuance are as follows: (in millions) December 31, 2021 2020 Shares available for granting 1 19.5 19.7 Options outstanding 0.3 0.5 Total shares reserved for issuance 2 19.8 20.2 1 Shares available for granting at December 31, 2021 and 2020 are under the 2019 Plan. 2 Shares reserved for issuance under the Director Deferred Stock Ownership Plan are not included in the total, but are less than 1.0 million at both December 31, 2021 and 2020. We issue treasury shares upon exercise of stock options and the issuance of restricted stock and unit awards. To offset the dilutive effect of the exercise of employee stock options, we periodically repurchase shares. See Note 9 – Equity for further discussion. Stock-based compensation expense and the corresponding tax benefit are as follows: (in millions) Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Stock option expense $ — $ — $ 1 Restricted stock and unit awards expense 122 90 77 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 122 $ 90 $ 78 Tax benefit $ 20 $ 15 $ 13 Stock Options Stock options may not be granted at a price less than the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Stock options granted vest over a four year service period and have a maximum term of 10 years. Stock option compensation costs are recognized from the date of grant, utilizing a four-year graded vesting method. Under this method, more than half of the costs are recognized over the first twelve months, approximately one-quarter of the costs are recognized over a twenty-four month period starting from the date of grant, approximately one-tenth of the costs are recognized over a thirty-six month period starting from the date of grant, and the remaining costs recognized over a forty-eight month period starting from the date of grant. There were no stock options granted in 2021, 2020, and 2019. Stock option activity is as follows: (in millions, except per award amounts) Shares Weighted average exercise price Weighted-average remaining years of contractual term Aggregate intrinsic value Options outstanding as of December 31, 2020 0.5 $ 60.46 Exercised (0.2) $ 283.56 Forfeited and expired 1 — $ 39.94 Options outstanding as of December 31, 2021 0.3 $ 67.14 1.99 $ 113 Options exercisable as of December 31, 2021 0.3 $ 67.14 1.99 $ 113 1 There are less than 0.1 million shares forfeited and expired. (in millions, except per award amounts) Shares Weighted-average grant-date fair value Nonvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2020 — $ 111.96 Vested 1 — $ 111.96 Nonvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2021 2 — $ — Total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested options $ — Weighted-average years to be recognized over 0.0 1 There are less than 0.1 million shares vested. 2 There are no nonvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2021. The total fair value of our stock options that vested during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was less than $1 million, $2 million and $3 million, respectively. Information regarding our stock option exercises is as follows: (in millions) Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Net cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options $ 13 $ 16 $ 40 Total intrinsic value of stock option exercises $ 41 $ 60 $ 110 Income tax benefit realized from stock option exercises $ 11 $ 13 $ 33 Restricted Stock and Unit Awards Restricted stock and unit awards (performance and non-performance) have been granted under the 2002 Plan and 2019 Plan. Performance unit awards will vest only if we achieve certain financial goals over the performance period. Restricted stock non-performance awards have various vesting periods (generally three years), with vesting beginning on the first anniversary of the awards. Recipients of restricted stock and unit awards are not required to provide consideration to us other than rendering service. The stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock and unit awards is determined based on the market price of our stock at the grant date of the award applied to the total number of awards that are anticipated to fully vest. For performance unit awards, adjustments are made to expense dependent upon financial goals achieved. Restricted stock and unit activity for performance and non-performance awards is as follows: (in millions, except per award amounts) Shares Weighted-average grant-date fair value Nonvested shares as of December 31, 2020 0.6 $ 227.67 Granted 0.4 $ 296.49 Vested (0.5) $ 219.85 Forfeited — $ 263.18 Nonvested shares as of December 31, 2021 0.5 $ 299.28 Total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested awards $ 101 Weighted-average years to be recognized over 1.7 Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Weighted-average grant-date fair value per award $ 296.49 $ 232.92 $ 187.40 Total fair value of restricted stock and unit awards vested $ 243 $ 134 $ 153 Tax benefit relating to restricted stock activity $ 48 $ 26 $ 29

Equity

Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Equity [Abstract]
Equity	Equity Capital Stock Two million shares of preferred stock, par value $1 per share, are authorized; none have been issued. On January 26, 2022, the Board of Directors approved a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.77 per share. Following the expected closing of the merger with IHS Markit, the Board of Directors will revisit the dividend policy of the combined Company. Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Quarterly dividend rate $ 0.77 $ 0.67 $ 0.57 Annualized dividend rate $ 3.08 $ 2.68 $ 2.28 Dividends paid (in millions) $ 743 $ 645 $ 560 Stock Repurchases On January 29, 2020, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the purchase of 30 million shares (the "2020 Repurchase Program"), which was approximately 12% of the total shares of our outstanding common stock at that time. On December 4, 2013, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the purchase of 50 million shares (the "2013 Repurchase Program"), which was approximately 18% of the total shares of our outstanding common stock at that time. Our purchased shares may be used for general corporate purposes, including the issuance of shares for stock compensation plans and to offset the dilutive effect of the exercise of employee stock options. As of December 31, 2021, 30 million shares remained available under the 2020 Repurchase Program and 0.8 million shares remained available under the 2013 repurchase program. Our 2020 Repurchase Program and 2013 Repurchase Program have no expiration date and purchases under these programs may be made from time to time on the open market and in private transactions, depending on market conditions. We have entered into accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) agreements with financial institutions to initiate share repurchases of our common stock. Under an ASR agreement, we pay a specified amount to the financial institution and receive an initial delivery of shares. This initial delivery of shares represents the minimum number of shares that we may receive under the agreement. Upon settlement of the ASR agreement, the financial institution delivers additional shares. The total number of shares ultimately delivered, and therefore the average price paid per share, is determined at the end of the applicable purchase period of each ASR agreement based on the volume weighted-average share price, less a discount. We account for our ASR agreements as two transactions: a stock purchase transaction and a forward stock purchase contract. The shares delivered under the ASR agreements resulted in a reduction of outstanding shares used to determine our weighted average common shares outstanding for purposes of calculating basic and diluted earnings per share. The repurchased shares are held in Treasury. The forward stock purchase contracts were classified as equity instruments. The ASR agreements were executed under our 2013 Repurchase Program, approved on December 4, 2013. The terms of each ASR agreement entered into for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, structured as outlined above, are as follows: (in millions, except average price) ASR Agreement Initiation Date ASR Agreement Completion Date Initial Shares Delivered Additional Shares Delivered Total Number of Shares Average Price Paid Per Share Total Cash Utilized February 11, 2020 1 July 27, 2020 1.3 0.4 1.7 $ 292.13 $ 500 February 11, 2020 2 July 27, 2020 1.4 0.3 1.7 $ 292.13 $ 500 August 5, 2019 3 October 1, 2019 1.7 0.3 2.0 $ 253.36 $ 500 February 11, 2019 4 July 31, 2019 2.2 0.1 2.3 $ 214.65 $ 500 1 The ASR agreement was structured as a capped ASR agreement in which we paid $500 million and received an initial delivery of 1.3 million shares and an additional amount of 0.2 million in February 2020, representing a minimum number of shares of our common stock to be repurchased based on a calculation using a specified capped price per share. We completed the ASR agreement on July 27, 2020 and received an additional 0.2 million shares. 2 The ASR agreement was structured as an uncapped ASR agreement in which we paid $500 million and received an initial delivery of 1.4 million shares, representing 85% of the $500 at a price equal to the then market price of the Company. We completed the ASR agreement on July 27, 2020 and received an additional 0.3 million shares. 3 The ASR agreement was structured as a capped ASR agreement in which we paid $500 million and received an initial delivery of 1.7 million shares, and an additional amount of 0.2 million in August 2019, representing a minimum number of shares of our common stock to be repurchased based on a calculation using a specified capped price per share. We completed the ASR agreement on October 1, 2019 and received an additional 0.1 million shares. 4 The ASR agreement was structured as an uncapped ASR agreement in which we paid $500 million and received an initial delivery of 2.2 million shares, representing 85% of the $500 at a price equal to the then market price of the Company. We completed the ASR agreement on July 31, 2019 and received an additional 0.1 million shares. Additionally, we purchased shares of our common stock in the open market as follows: (in millions, except average price) Year Ended Total number of shares purchased Average price paid per share Total cash utilized December 31, 2020 0.5 $ 295.40 $ 161 December 31, 2019 1.2 $ 208.83 $ 240 During the year ended December 31, 2021, we did not use cash to purchase any shares. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we purchased a total of 4.0 million shares for $1,161 million of cash. During the fourth quarter of 2019, we repurchased shares for $3 million, which settled in the first quarter of 2020, resulting in $1,164 million of cash used to repurchase shares. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we received 5.9 million shares, including 0.4 million shares received in January of 2019 related to our October 29, 2018 ASR agreement, resulting in $1,240 million of cash used to repurchase shares. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests The agreement with the minority partners that own 27% of our S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC joint venture contains redemption features whereby interests held by minority partners are redeemable either (i) at the option of the holder or (ii) upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within our control. Specifically, under the terms of the operating agreement of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, CME Group and CME Group Index Services LLC ("CGIS") has the right at any time to sell, and we are obligated to buy, at least 20% of their share in S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC. In addition, in the event there is a change of control of the Company, for the 15 days following a change in control, CME Group and CGIS will have the right to put their interest to us at the then fair value of CME Group's and CGIS' minority interest. If interests were to be redeemed under this agreement, we would generally be required to purchase the interest at fair value on the date of redemption. This interest is presented on the consolidated balance sheets outside of equity under the caption “Redeemable noncontrolling interest” with an initial value based on fair value for the portion attributable to the net assets we acquired, and based on our historical cost for the portion attributable to our S&P Index business. We adjust the redeemable noncontrolling interest each reporting period to its estimated redemption value, but never less than its initial fair value, using both income and market valuation approaches. Our income and market valuation approaches may incorporate Level 3 fair value measures for instances when observable inputs are not available. The more significant judgmental assumptions used to estimate the value of the S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC joint venture include an estimated discount rate, a range of assumptions that form the basis of the expected future net cash flows (e.g., the revenue growth rates and operating margins), and a company specific beta. The significant judgmental assumptions used that incorporate market data, including the relative weighting of market observable information and the comparability of that information in our valuation models, are forward-looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. Any adjustments to the redemption value will impact retained income. Noncontrolling interests that do not contain such redemption features are presented in equity. Ch anges to redeemable noncontrolling interest during the year ended December 31, 2021 were as follows: (in millions) Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 2,781 Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest 215 Distributions to noncontrolling interest (198) Redemption value adjustment 631 Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 3,429 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss The following table summarizes the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2021: (in millions) Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments 1,3 Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans 2 Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges 3 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ (323) $ (328) $ 14 $ (637) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (18) 8 (195) (205) Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net earnings 5 15 (19) 1 Net other comprehensive gain (loss) income (13) 23 (214) (204) Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ (336) $ (305) $ (200) $ (841) 1 Includes an unrealized gain related to our cross currency swaps. See note 6 – Derivative Instruments for additional detail of items recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss. 2 Reflects amortization of net actuarial losses and is net of a tax benefit of $3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. See Note 7 — Employee Benefits for additional details of items reclassed from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net earnings. 3 See Note 6 – Derivative Instruments for additional details of items reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net earnings.

Earnings per Share

Earnings per Share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings per Share	Earnings per Share Basic earnings per common share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income attributable to the common shareholders of the Company by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is computed in the same manner as basic EPS, except the number of shares is increased to include additional common shares that would have been outstanding if potential common shares with a dilutive effect had been issued. Potential common shares consist primarily of stock options and restricted performance shares calculated using the treasury stock method. The calculation for basic and diluted EPS is as follows: (in millions, except per share data) Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Amount attributable to S&P Global Inc. common shareholders: Net income $ 3,024 $ 2,339 $ 2,123 Basic weighted-average number of common shares outstanding 240.8 241.0 245.4 Effect of stock options and other dilutive securities 1.0 1.1 1.5 Diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding 241.8 242.1 246.9 Earnings per share attributable to S&P Global Inc. common shareholders: Net income: Basic $ 12.56 $ 9.71 $ 8.65 Diluted $ 12.51 $ 9.66 $ 8.60 We have certain stock options and restricted performance shares that are potentially excluded from the computation of diluted EPS. The effect of the potential exercise of stock options is excluded when the average market price of our common stock is lower than the exercise price of the related option during the period or when a net loss exists because the effect would have been antidilutive. Additionally, restricted performance shares are excluded because the necessary vesting conditions had not been met or when a net loss exists. As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, there were no stock options excluded. Restricted

Restructuring

Restructuring	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Restructuring	Restructuring We continuously evaluate our cost structure to identify cost savings associated with streamlining our management structure. Our 2021 and 2020 restructuring plans consisted of company-wide workforce reductions of approximately 30 and 830 positions, respectively, and are further detailed below. The charges for each restructuring plan are classified as selling and general expenses within the consolidated statements of income and the reserves are included in other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. In certain circumstances, reserves are no longer needed because employees previously identified for separation resigned from the Company and did not receive severance or were reassigned due to circumstances not foreseen when the original plans were initiated. In these cases, we reverse reserves through the consolidated statements of income during the period when it is determined they are no longer needed. There were approximately $8 million of reserves from the 2020 restructuring plan that we have reversed in 2021, which offset the initial charge of $65 million recorded for the 2020 restructuring plan. There were approximately $7 million of reserves from the 2019 restructuring plan that we reversed in 2020, which offset the initial charge of $25 million recorded for the 2019 restructuring plan. The initial restructuring charge recorded and the ending reserve balance as of December 31, 2021 by segment is as follows: 2021 Restructuring Plan 2020 Restructuring Plan (in millions) Initial Charge Recorded Ending Reserve Balance Initial Charge Recorded Ending Reserve Balance Ratings $ 3 $ 3 $ 4 $ 1 Market Intelligence 3 3 27 4 Platts — — 10 4 Indices — — 5 — Corporate 13 13 19 4 Total $ 19 $ 19 $ 65 $ 13 For the year ended December 31, 2021, we have made no reductions to the reserve for the 2021 restructuring plan. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we have reduced the reserve for the 2020 restructuring plan by $45 million and $7 million, respectively. The reductions primarily related to cash payments for employee severance charges.

Segment and Geographic Informat

Segment and Geographic Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment and Geographic Information	Segment and Geographic Information As discussed in Note 1 – Accounting Policies , we have four reportable segments: Ratings, Market Intelligence, Platts and Indices. Our Chief Executive Officer is our chief operating decision-maker and evaluates performance of our segments and allocates resources based primarily on operating profit. Segment operating profit does not include Corporate Unallocated expense, other (income) expense, net, interest expense, net, or loss on extinguishment of debt as these are amounts that do not affect the operating results of our reportable segments. We use the same accounting policies for our segments as those described in Note 1 – Accounting Policies . A summary of operating results for the years ended December 31 is as follows: Revenue (in millions) 2021 2020 2019 Ratings $ 4,097 $ 3,606 $ 3,106 Market Intelligence 2,247 2,106 1,959 Platts 950 878 844 Indices 1,149 989 918 Intersegment elimination 1 (146) (137) (128) Total revenue $ 8,297 $ 7,442 $ 6,699 Operating Profit (in millions) 2021 2020 2019 Ratings 2 $ 2,629 $ 2,223 $ 1,783 Market Intelligence 3 703 589 566 Platts 4 517 458 457 Indices 5 798 666 632 Total reportable segments 4,647 3,936 3,438 Corporate Unallocated expense 6 (426) (319) (212) Total operating profit $ 4,221 $ 3,617 $ 3,226 1 Revenue for Ratings and expenses for Market Intelligence include an intersegment royalty charged to Market Intelligence for the rights to use and distribute content and data developed by Ratings. 2 Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes a gain on disposition of $6 million, recovery of lease-related costs of $4 million and employee severance charges of $3 million. Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes a technology-related impairment charge of $11 million, lease-related costs of $5 million and employee severance charges of $4 million. Operating profit or the year ended December 31, 2019 includes employee severance charges of $11 million. Additionally, operating profit includes amortization of intangibles from acquisitions of $10 million, $7 million and $2 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 3 Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes employee severance charges of $3 million, a gain on disposition of $3 million, acquisition-related costs of $2 million and lease-related costs of $1 million. Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes employee severance charges of $27 million, a gain on dispositions of $12 million and lease-related costs of $3 million. As of July 1, 2019, we completed the sale of SPIAS and the results are included in Market Intelligence results through that date. Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes a gain on the sale of SPIAS of $22 million, employee severance charges of $6 million and acquisition-related costs of $4 million. Additionally, operating profit includes amortization of intangibles from acquisitions of $65 million, $76 million, and $75 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. 4 Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes recovery of lease-related costs of $2 million. Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes severance charges of $11 million and lease-related costs of $2 million. As of July 31, 2019, we completed the sale of RigData and the results are included in Platts results through that date. Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes a gain on the sale of RigData of $27 million and employee severance charges of $1 million. Additionally, Operating profit includes amortization of intangibles from acquisitions of $8 million, $9 million, and $12 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. 5 Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes recovery of lease-related costs of $1 million. Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes employee severance charges of $5 million, a lease impairment charge of $4 million, a technology-related impairment charge of $2 million and lease-related costs of $1 million. Operating profit includes amortization of intangibles from acquisitions of $6 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019. 6 Corporate Unallocated expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes IHS Markit merger costs of $249 million, employee severance charges of $13 million, lease-related costs of $4 million, a lease impairment of $3 million, Kensho retention related expenses of $2 million, acquisition-related costs of $2 million and a gain on disposition of $2 million. Corporate Unallocated expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes lease impairments of $116 million, IHS Markit merger costs of $24 million, employee severance charges of $19 million, Kensho retention related expense of $12 million and a gain related to an acquisition of $1 million. Corporate Unallocated expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes Kensho retention related expenses of $21 million, lease impairments of $11 million and employee severance charges of $7 million. Additionally, Corporate Unallocated expense includes amortization of intangibles from acquisitions of $7 million, $26 million, and $28 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by revenue type for the years ended December 31: (in millions) Ratings Market Intelligence Platts Indices Intersegment Elimination 1 Total 2021 Subscription $ — $ 2,191 $ 871 $ 191 $ — $ 3,253 Non-subscription / Transaction 2,253 56 13 — — 2,322 Non-transaction 1,844 — — — (146) 1,698 Asset-linked fees — — — 800 — 800 Sales usage-based royalties — — 66 158 — 224 Total revenue $ 4,097 $ 2,247 $ 950 $ 1,149 $ (146) $ 8,297 Timing of revenue recognition Services transferred at a point in time $ 2,253 $ 56 $ 13 $ — $ — $ 2,322 Services transferred over time 1,844 2,191 937 1,149 (146) 5,975 Total revenue $ 4,097 $ 2,247 $ 950 $ 1,149 $ (146) $ 8,297 (in millions) Ratings Market Intelligence Platts Indices Intersegment Elimination 1 Total 2020 2 Subscription $ — $ 2,050 $ 809 $ 177 $ — $ 3,036 Non-subscription / Transaction 1,969 55 7 — — 2,031 Non-transaction 1,637 — — — (137) 1,500 Asset-linked fees — 1 — 647 — 648 Sales usage-based royalties — — 62 165 — 227 Total revenue $ 3,606 $ 2,106 $ 878 $ 989 $ (137) $ 7,442 Timing of revenue recognition Services transferred at a point in time $ 1,969 $ 55 $ 7 $ — $ — $ 2,031 Services transferred over time 1,637 2,051 871 989 (137) 5,411 Total revenue $ 3,606 $ 2,106 $ 878 $ 989 $ (137) $ 7,442 (in millions) Ratings Market Intelligence Platts Indices Intersegment Elimination 1 Total 2019 2 Subscription $ — $ 1,904 $ 774 $ 165 $ — $ 2,843 Non-subscription / Transaction 1,570 45 10 — — 1,625 Non-transaction 1,536 — — — (128) 1,408 Asset-linked fees — 10 — 613 — 623 Sales usage-based royalties — — 60 140 — 200 Total revenue $ 3,106 $ 1,959 $ 844 $ 918 $ (128) $ 6,699 Timing of revenue recognition Services transferred at a point in time $ 1,570 $ 45 $ 10 $ — $ — $ 1,625 Services transferred over time 1,536 1,914 834 918 (128) 5,074 Total revenue $ 3,106 $ 1,959 $ 844 $ 918 $ (128) $ 6,699 1 Intersegment eliminations mainly consists of a royalty charged to Market Intelligence for the rights to use and distribute content and data developed by Ratings. 2 In the first quarter of 2021, we reevaluated our transaction and non-transaction presentation for Ratings which resulted in a reclassification from transaction revenue to non-transaction revenue of $8 million and $7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Segment information for the years ended December 31 is as follows: (in millions) Depreciation & Amortization Capital Expenditures 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Ratings $ 46 $ 40 $ 34 $ 18 $ 33 $ 41 Market Intelligence 91 101 99 12 28 44 Platts 12 17 21 2 7 13 Indices 10 9 8 2 4 5 Total reportable segments 159 167 162 34 72 103 Corporate 19 39 42 1 4 12 Total $ 178 $ 206 $ 204 $ 35 $ 76 $ 115 Segment information as of December 31 is as follows: (in millions) Total Assets 2021 2020 Ratings $ 1,248 $ 1,088 Market Intelligence 3,368 3,762 Platts 891 913 Indices 1,501 1,443 Total reportable segments 7,008 7,206 Corporate 1 7,697 5,331 Assets of businesses held for sale 2 321 — Total $ 15,026 $ 12,537 1 Corporate assets consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, goodwill and other intangible assets, assets for pension benefits and deferred income taxes. 2 Includes CGS and LCD as of December 31, 2021. See Note 2 – Acquisitions and Divestitures for further discussion. We do not have operations in any foreign country that represent more than 7% of our consolidated revenue. Transfers between geographic areas are recorded at agreed upon prices and intercompany revenue and profit are eliminated. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenue. The following provides revenue and long-lived assets by geographic region: (in millions) Revenue Long-lived Assets Year ended December 31, December 31, 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 U.S. $ 5,012 $ 4,504 $ 3,976 $ 4,733 $ 4,787 European region 1,995 1,769 1,659 463 496 Asia 874 782 710 85 102 Rest of the world 416 387 354 42 44 Total $ 8,297 $ 7,442 $ 6,699 $ 5,323 $ 5,429 Revenue Long-lived Assets Year ended December 31, December 31, 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 U.S. 60 % 61 % 59 % 89 % 88 % European region 24 24 25 9 9 Asia 11 10 11 2 2 Rest of the world 5 5 5 — 1 Total 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % See Note 2 – Acquisitions and Divestitures and Note 11 – Restructuring , for actions that impacted the segment operating results.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Leases During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded a pre-tax impairment charge of $31 million and $120 million, respectively, related to the impairment and abandonment of operating lease related ROU assets. The pre-tax impairment charge recorded during the year ended December 31, 2021 is associated with consolidating our real estate facilities following the expected merger with IHS Markit. The impairment charges are included in selling and general expenses within the consolidated statements of income. The following table provides information on the location and amounts of our leases on our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020: (in millions) 2021 2020 Balance Sheet Location Assets Right of use assets Lease right-of-use assets $ 426 $ 494 Liabilities Other current liabilities Current lease liabilities 96 100 Lease liabilities — non-current Non-current lease liabilities 492 544 The components of lease expense for the years ended December 31 are as follows: (in millions) 2021 2020 Operating lease cost $ 124 $ 144 Sublease income (2) (6) Total lease cost $ 122 $ 138 Supplemental information related to leases for the years ended December 31 are as follows: (in millions) 2021 2020 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement for operating lease liabilities Operating cash flows for operating leases 127 137 Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations Operating leases 29 8 Weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for our operating leases as of December 31 are as follows: 2021 2020 Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) 8.3 8.5 Weighted-average discount rate 3.59 % 3.78 % Maturities of lease liabilities for our operating leases are as follows: (in millions) 2022 $ 114 2023 94 2024 75 2025 67 2026 63 2027 and beyond 269 Total undiscounted lease payments $ 682 Less: Imputed interest 94 Present value of lease liabilities $ 588 Related Party Agreement In June of 2012, we entered into a license agreement (the "License Agreement") with the holder of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC noncontrolling interest, CME Group, which replaced the 2005 license agreement between Indices and CME Group. Under the terms of the License Agreement, S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC receives a share of the profits from the trading and clearing of CME Group's equity index products. During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC earned $139 million, $149 million and $114 million of revenue under the terms of the License Agreement, respectively. The entire amount of this revenue is included in our consolidated statement of income and the portion related to the 27% noncontrolling interest is removed in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. Legal & Regulatory Matters In the normal course of business both in the United States and abroad, the Company and its subsidiaries are defendants in a number of legal proceedings and are often subjected to government and regulatory proceedings, investigations and inquiries. S&P Global Ratings has been cooperating with an SEC investigation into possible violations of Section 15E of the Exchange Act and Rule 17g-5(c)(8) thereunder in connection with a 2017 credit rating analysis by S&P Global Ratings. S&P Global Ratings is currently in active discussions to resolve the SEC’s inquiry. S&P Global Ratings has not yet reached a definitive settlement agreement with the SEC on this matter but in the fourth quarter of 2021, accrued for potential monetary penalties based on discussions to date. While we cannot predict with certainty whether we will reach agreement, or the terms of any such agreement, at this time, we do not believe that the resolution of this matter will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. On May 17, 2021, Indices reached a settlement with the SEC relating to the operation of a then undisclosed quality assurance mechanism and its impact on certain real-time values of the S&P 500 VIX Short-Term Futures Index ER on a single business day, February 5, 2018 (the “VIX Matter”), which was the subject of a previously disclosed Wells Notice. Indices neither admitted nor denied the SEC's allegations. The SEC found that Indices acted negligently in violation of Section 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 with respect to the VIX Matter. The SEC acknowledged Indices’ cooperation with the SEC staff. The Company agreed to pay a penalty of $9 million that was previously reserved for in 2020 and to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Section 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933. A class action lawsuit was filed in Australia on August 7, 2020 against the Company and a subsidiary of the Company. A separate lawsuit was filed against the Company and a subsidiary of the Company in Australia on February 2, 2021 by two entities within the Basis Capital investment group. The lawsuits both relate to alleged investment losses in collateralized debt obligations rated by Ratings prior to the financial crisis. We can provide no assurance that we will not be obligated to pay significant amounts in order to resolve these matters on terms deemed acceptable. From time to time, the Company receives customer complaints, particularly, though not exclusively, in its Ratings and Indices segments. The Company believes it has strong contractual protections in the terms and conditions included in its arrangements with customers. Nonetheless, in the interest of managing customer relationships, the Company from time to time engages in dialogue with such customers in an effort to resolve such complaints, and if such complaints cannot be resolved through dialogue, may face litigation regarding such complaints. The Company does not expect to incur material losses as a result of these matters. Moreover, various government and self-regulatory agencies frequently make inquiries and conduct investigations into our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, including those related to ratings activities and antitrust matters. For example, as a nationally recognized statistical rating organization registered with the SEC under Section 15E of the Exchange Act, S&P Global Ratings is in ongoing communication with the staff of the SEC regarding compliance with its extensive obligations under the federal securities laws. Although S&P Global seeks to promptly address any compliance issues that it detects or that the staff of the SEC or another regulator raises, there can be no assurance that the SEC or another regulator will not seek remedies against S&P Global for one or more compliance deficiencies. Any of these proceedings, investigations or inquiries could ultimately result in adverse judgments, damages, fines, penalties or activity restrictions, which could adversely impact our consolidated financial condition, cash flows, business or competitive position. In view of the uncertainty inherent in litigation and government and regulatory enforcement matters, we cannot predict the eventual outcome of such matters or the timing of their resolution, or in most cases reasonably estimate what the eventual judgments, damages, fines, penalties or impact of activity (if any) restrictions may be. As a result, we cannot provide assurance that such outcomes will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, cash flows, business or competitive position. As litigation or the process to resolve pending matters progresses, as the case may be, we will continue to review the latest information available and assess our ability to predict the outcome of such matters and the effects, if any, on our consolidated financial condition, cash flows, business or competitive position, which may require that we record liabilities in the consolidated financial statements in future periods.

Schedule II - Valuation and Qua

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (in millions) Additions/(deductions) Balance at Net charges Deductions and other 1 Balance at end Year ended December 31, 2021 Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 30 $ 14 $ (18) $ 26 Year ended December 31, 2020 Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 34 $ 24 $ (28) $ 30 Year ended December 31, 2019 Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 34 $ 17 $ (17) $ 34 1 Primarily includes uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries, impact of acquisitions and divestitures and adjustments for foreign currency translation.

Accounting Policies (Policies)

Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Nature of operations	Nature of operations S&P Global Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company,” the “Registrant,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is a leading provider of transparent and independent ratings, benchmarks, analytics and data to the capital and commodity markets worldwide. The capital markets include asset managers, investment banks, commercial banks, insurance companies, exchanges, trading firms and issuers; and the commodity markets include producers, traders and intermediaries within energy, petrochemicals, metals and agriculture. Our operations consist of four reportable segments: S&P Global Ratings ("Ratings"), S&P Global Market Intelligence ("Market Intelligence"), S&P Global Platts ("Platts") and S&P Dow Jones Indices ("Indices"). • Ratings is an independent provider of credit ratings, research and analytics, offering investors and other market participants information, ratings and benchmarks. • Market Intelligence is a global provider of multi-asset-class data, research and analytical capabilities, which integrate cross-asset analytics and desktop services. • Platts is the leading independent provider of information and benchmark prices for the commodity and energy markets. • Indices is a global index provider that maintains a wide variety of valuation and index benchmarks for investment advisors, wealth managers and institutional investors.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Subscription revenue Subscription revenue at Market Intelligence is primarily derived from distribution of data, analytics, third party research, and credit ratings-related information primarily through web-based channels including Market Intelligence Desktop, RatingsDirect®, RatingsXpress®, and Credit Analytics. Subscription revenue at Platts is generated by providing customers access to commodity and energy-related price assessments, market data, and real-time news, along with other information services. Subscription revenue at Indices is derived from the contracts for underlying data of our indexes to support our customers' management of index funds, portfolio analytics, and research. For subscription products and services, we generally provide continuous access to dynamic data sets and analytics for a defined period, with revenue recognized ratably as our performance obligation to provide access to our data and analytics is progressively fulfilled over the stated term of the contract. Non-transaction revenue Non-transaction revenue at Ratings is primarily related to surveillance of a credit rating, annual fees for customer relationship-based pricing programs, fees for entity credit ratings and global research and analytics at CRISIL. Non-transaction revenue also includes an intersegment revenue elimination of $146 million, $137 million and $128 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 respectively, mainly consisting of the royalty charged to Market Intelligence for the rights to use and distribute content and data developed by Ratings. For non-transaction revenue related to Rating’s surveillance services, we continuously monitor factors that impact the creditworthiness of an issuer over the contractual term with revenue recognized to the extent that our performance obligation is progressively fulfilled over the term contract. Because surveillance services are continuously provided throughout the term of the contract, our measure of progress towards fulfillment of our obligation to monitor a rating is a time-based output measure with revenue recognized ratably over the term of the contract. Non-subscription / Transaction revenue Transaction revenue at our Ratings segment primarily includes fees associated with: • ratings related to new issuance of corporate and government debt instruments; as well as structured finance instruments; and • bank loan ratings. Transaction revenue is recognized at the point in time when our performance obligation is satisfied by issuing a rating on our customer's instruments and when we have a right to payment and the customer can benefit from the significant risks and rewards of ownership. Non-subscription revenue at Market Intelligence is primarily related to certain advisory, pricing and analytical services. Non-subscription revenue at Platts is primarily related to conference sponsorship, consulting engagements and events. Asset-linked fees Asset-linked fees at Indices and Market Intelligence are primarily related to royalties payments based on the value of assets under management in our customers exchange-traded funds and mutual funds. For asset-linked products and services, we provide licenses conveying continuous access to our index and benchmark-related intellectual property during a specified contract term. Revenue is recognized when the extent that our customers have used our licensed intellectual property can be quantified. Recognition of revenue for our asset-linked fee arrangements is subject to the "recognition constraint" for usage-based royalty payments because we cannot reasonably predict the value of the assets that will be invested in index funds structured using our intellectual property until it is either publicly available or when we are notified by our customers. Revenue derived from an asset-linked fee arrangement is measured and recognized when the certainty of the extent of its utilization of our index products by our customers is known. Sales usage-based royalties Sales usage-based royalty revenue at our Indices segment is primarily related to trading based fees from exchange-traded derivatives. Sales and usage-based royalty revenue at our Platts segment is primarily related to licensing of its proprietary market price data and price assessments to commodity exchanges. For sales usage-based royalty products and services, we provide licenses conveying the right to continuous access to our intellectual property over the contract term, with revenue recognized when the extent of our license’s utilization can be quantified, or more specifically, when trading volumes are known and publicly available to us or when we are notified by our customers. Recognition of revenue of fees tied to trading volumes is subject to the recognition constraint for a usage-based royalty promised by our customers in exchange for the license of our intellectual property, with revenue recognized when trading volumes are known. Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. Revenue relating to agreements that provide for more than one performance obligation is recognized based upon the relative fair value to the customer of each service component as each component is earned. The fair value of the service components are determined using an analysis that considers cash consideration that would be received for instances when the service components are sold separately. If the fair value to the customer for each service is not objectively determinable, we make our best estimate of the services’ stand-alone selling price and record revenue as it is earned over the service period. Receivables We record a receivable when a customer is billed or when revenue is recognized prior to billing a customer. For multi-year agreements, we generally invoice customers annually at the beginning of each annual period. Contract Assets Contract assets include unbilled amounts from when the Company transfers service to a customer before a customer pays consideration or before payment is due. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, contract assets were $9 million and $7 million, respectively, and are included in accounts receivable in our consolidated balance sheets. Unearned Revenue We record unearned revenue when cash payments are received in advance of our performance. The increase in the unearned revenue balance for the year ended December 31, 2021 is primarily driven by cash payments received in advance of satisfying our performance obligations, offset by $2.1 billion of revenues recognized that were included in the unearned revenue balance at the beginning of the period. Remaining Performance Obligations Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of contracts for work that has not yet been performed. As of December 31, 2021, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $2.7 billion. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately half and three-quarters of the remaining performance obligations over the next 12 and 24 months, respectively, with the remainder recognized thereafter. We do not disclose the value of unfulfilled performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts where revenue is a usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property. Costs to Obtain a Contract We recognize an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. We have determined that the costs associated with certain sales commission programs are incremental to the costs to obtain contracts with customers and therefore meet the criteria to be capitalized. Total capitalized costs to obtain a contract were $137 million and $129 million as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and are included in prepaid and other current assets and other non-current assets on our consolidated balance sheets.The capitalized asset will be amortized over a period consistent with the transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which the asset relates, calculated based on the customer term and the average life of the products and services underlying the contracts which has been determined to be approximately 5 years. The expense is recorded within selling and general expenses. We expense sales commissions when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling and general expenses.
Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations	Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale We classify a disposal group to be sold as held for sale in the period in which all of the following criteria are met: management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the disposal group; the disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such disposal group; an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the disposal group have been initiated; the sale of the disposal group is probable, and transfer of the disposal group is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year, except if events or circumstances beyond our control extend the period of time required to sell the disposal group beyond one year; the disposal group is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. A disposal group that is classified as held for sale is initially measured at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a disposal group until the date of sale. The fair value of a disposal group less any costs to sell is assessed each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and any subsequent changes are reported as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the carrying value of the disposal group at the time it was initially classified as held for sale. Upon determining that a disposal group meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, the Company reports the assets and liabilities of the disposal group as held for sale in the current period in our consolidated balance sheets.
Principles of consolidation	Principles of consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all subsidiaries and our share of earnings or losses of joint ventures and affiliated companies under the equity method of accounting. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of estimates	Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include ordinary bank deposits and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that consist primarily of money market funds with unrestricted daily liquidity and fixed term time deposits. Such investments and bank deposits are stated at cost, which approximates market value, and were $6.5 billion and $4.1 billion as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These investments are not subject to significant market risk.
Restricted cash	Restricted cashCash that is subject to legal restrictions or is unavailable for general operating purposes is classified as restricted cash.
Short-term investments	Short-term investments Short-term investments are securities with original maturities greater than 90 days that are available for use in our operations in the next twelve months. The short-term investments, primarily consisting of certificates of deposit and mutual funds, are classified as held-to-maturity and therefore are carried at cost. Interest and dividends are recorded in income when earned.
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable Credit is extended to customers based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition. Accounts receivable, which include billings consistent with terms of contractual arrangements, are recorded at net realizable value.
Allowance for doubtful accounts	Allowance for doubtful accounts The allowance for doubtful accounts reserve methodology is based on historical analysis, a review of outstanding balances and current conditions, and by incorporating data points that provide indicators of future economic conditions including forecasted industry default rates and industry index benchmarks. In determining these reserves, we consider, amongst other factors, the financial condition and risk profile of our customers, areas of specific or concentrated risk as well as applicable industry trends or market indicators.
Capitalized technology costs	Capitalized technology costsWe capitalize certain software development and website implementation costs. Capitalized costs only include incremental, direct costs of materials and services incurred to develop the software after the preliminary project stage is completed, funding has been committed and it is probable that the project will be completed and used to perform the function intended. Incremental costs are expenditures that are out-of-pocket to us and are not part of an allocation or existing expense base. Software development and website implementation costs are expensed as incurred during the preliminary project stage. Capitalized costs are amortized from the year the software is ready for its intended use over its estimated useful life, three
Fair Value	Fair Value Certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value and classified within a fair value hierarchy based on inputs used when measuring fair value. We have foreign exchange forward contracts, cross currency and interest rate swaps that are adjusted to fair value on a recurring basis.
Accounting for the impairment of long-lived assets (including other intangible assets)	Accounting for the impairment of long-lived assets (including other intangible assets)We evaluate long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Upon such an occurrence, recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to current forecasts of undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized equal to the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. For long-lived assets held for sale, assets are written down to fair value, less cost to sell. Fair value is determined based on market evidence, discounted cash flows, appraised values or management’s estimates, depending upon the nature of the assets.
Leases	Leases We determine whether an arrangement meets the criteria for an operating lease or a finance lease at the inception of the arrangement. We have operating leases for office space and equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 12 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 12 years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. We consider these options in determining the lease term used to establish our right-of use ("ROU") assets and associated lease liabilities. We sublease certain real estate leases to third parties which mainly consist of operating leases for space within our offices. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expenses for these leases on a straight line-basis over the lease term in operating-related expenses and selling and general expenses. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. Our future minimum based payments used to determine our lease liabilities include minimum based rent payments and escalations. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.
Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets	Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter each year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. We have four reporting units with goodwill that are evaluated for impairment. We initially perform a qualitative analysis evaluating whether any events and circumstances occurred or exist that provide evidence that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of our reporting units is less than its carrying amount. If, based on our evaluation we do not believe that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of our reporting units is less than its carrying amount, no quantitative impairment test is performed. Conversely, if the results of our qualitative assessment determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of our reporting units is less than their respective carrying amounts we perform a quantitative impairment test. When conducting our impairment test to evaluate the recoverability of goodwill at the reporting unit level, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying value including goodwill. Fair value of the reporting units are estimated using the income approach, which incorporates the use of the discounted free cash flow (“DCF”) analyses and are corroborated using the market approach, which incorporates the use of revenue and earnings multiples based on market data. The DCF analyses are based on the current operating budgets and estimated long-term growth projections for each reporting unit. Future cash flows are discounted based on a market comparable weighted average cost of capital rate for each reporting unit, adjusted for market and other risks where appropriate. In addition, we analyze any difference between the sum of the fair values of the reporting units and our total market capitalization for reasonableness, taking into account certain factors including control premiums. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, the difference is recognized as an impairment charge. We evaluate the recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets by first performing a qualitative analysis evaluating whether any events and circumstances occurred that provide evidence that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived asset is impaired. If, based on our evaluation of the events and circumstances that occurred during the year we do not believe that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived asset is impaired, no quantitative impairment test is performed. Conversely, if the results of our qualitative assessment determine that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived asset is impaired, a quantitative impairment test is performed. If necessary, an impairment analysis is performed using the income approach to estimate the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset. If the intangible asset carrying value exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. Significant judgments inherent in these analyses include estimating the amount and timing of future cash flows and the selection of appropriate discount rates, royalty rates and long-term growth rate assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible asset and could result in an impairment charge, which could be material to our financial position and results of operations.
Foreign currency translation	Foreign currency translation We have operations in many foreign countries. For most international operations, the local currency is the functional currency. For international operations that are determined to be extensions of the parent company, the United States ("U.S.") dollar is the functional currency. For local currency operations, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using end of period exchange rates, and revenue and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using weighted-average exchange rates. Foreign currency translation adjustments are accumulated in a separate component of equity.
Depreciation	Depreciation The costs of property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method based upon the following estimated useful lives: buildings and improvements from 15 to 40 years and equipment and furniture from 2 to 10 years. The costs of leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the useful lives or the terms of the respective leases.
Advertising expense	Advertising expenseThe cost of advertising is expensed as incurred.
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized over the requisite service period, which typically is the vesting period. Stock-based compensation is classified as both operating-related expense and selling and general expense in the consolidated statements of income.
Income taxes	Income taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We recognize liabilities for uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns. Accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized in interest expense and operating expense, respectively. Judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities and unrecognized tax benefits. In determining the need for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial performance of the operation that is recording a net deferred tax asset is considered along with any other pertinent information. We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions, and we are routinely under audit by many different tax authorities. We believe that our accrual for tax liabilities is adequate for all open audit years based on an assessment of many factors including past experience and interpretations of tax law. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of complex judgments about future events. It is possible that tax examinations will be
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest	Redeemable Noncontrolling InterestThe agreement with the minority partners of our S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC joint venture contains redemption features whereby interests held by our minority partners are redeemable either (i) at the option of the holder or (ii) upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within our control. Since redemption of the noncontrolling interest is outside of our control, this interest is presented on our consolidated balance sheets under the caption “Redeemable noncontrolling interest.” If the interest were to be redeemed, we would generally be required to purchase the interest at fair value on the date of redemption. We adjust the redeemable noncontrolling interest each reporting period to its estimated redemption value, but never less than its initial fair value, using both income and market valuation approaches. Our income and market valuation approaches incorporate Level 3 measures for instances when observable inputs are not available. The more significant judgmental assumptions used to estimate the value of the S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC joint venture include an estimated discount rate, a range of assumptions that form the basis of the expected future net cash flows (e.g., the revenue growth rates and operating margins), and a company specific beta. The significant judgmental assumptions used that incorporate market data, including the relative weighting of market observable information and the comparability of that information in our valuation models, are forward-looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. Any adjustments to the redemption value will impact retained income.
Contingencies	Contingencies We accrue for loss contingencies when both (a) information available prior to issuance of the consolidated financial statements indicates that it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (b) the amount of loss can reasonably be estimated. We continually assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes to our contingencies, as well as potential amounts or ranges of probable losses, and recognize a liability, if any, for these contingencies based on an analysis of each matter with the assistance of outside legal counsel and, if applicable, other experts. Because many of these matters are resolved over long periods of time, our estimate of liabilities may change due to new developments, changes in assumptions or changes in our strategy related to the matter. When we accrue for loss contingencies and the reasonable estimate of the loss is within a range, we record our best estimate within the range. We disclose an estimated possible loss or a range of loss when it is at least reasonably possible that a loss may be incurred.
Recent Accounting Standards	Recent Accounting Standards In October of 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance that amends the acquirer's accounting for contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022; however, early adoption is permitted. We do not expect this guidance to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. In August of 2020, the FASB issued guidance that amends the accounting for convertible instruments and the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity's own equity. The guidance was effective on January 1, 2021, and the adoption of this guidance did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. In March of 2020, the FASB issued accounting guidance to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the current contract modifications and hedge accounting guidance in light of the expected market transition from London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") to alternative rates. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions to transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The transactions primarily include (1) contract modifications, (2) hedging relationships, and (3) sale or transfer of debt securities classified as held-to-maturity. The amendments were effective immediately upon issuance of the update. The Company may elect to adopt the amendments prospectively to transactions existing as of or entered into from the date of adoption through December 31, 2022. The FASB further issued guidance in January of 2021, to clarify the scope of Topic 848. We do not expect this guidance to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. In January of 2020, the FASB intended to clarify the interaction of the accounting for equity securities under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 321, investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting under ASC 323, and the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options accounted for under ASC 815. The guidance clarifies how to account for the transition into and out of the equity method of accounting when considering observable transactions under the measurement alternative. The guidance was effective on January 1, 2021, and the adoption of this guidance did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. In December of 2019, the FASB issued guidance to simplify the accounting for income taxes, which eliminates certain exceptions to the general principles of Topic 740. The guidance is effective for reporting periods after December 15, 2020. Our adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2021 did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Reclassification	Reclassification Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for comparability purposes.

Accounting Policies (Tables)

Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Schedule of Other (Income) Expense, net	The components of other (income) expense, net for the year ended December 31 are as follows: (in millions) 2021 2020 2019 Other components of net periodic benefit cost 1 $ (45) $ (32) $ 79 Net (income) loss from investments (17) 1 19 Other (income) expense, net $ (62) $ (31) $ 98 1 The net periodic benefit cost for our retirement and post retirement plans for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes a non-cash pre-tax settlement charge of $3 million. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company purchased a group annuity contract under which an insurance company assumed a portion of the Company's obligation to pay pension benefits to the plan's beneficiaries. The net periodic benefit cost for our retirement and post retirement plans for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes a non-cash pre-tax settlement charge of $113 million reflecting the accelerated recognition of a portion of unamortized actuarial losses in the plan.

Acquisitions and Divestitures (

Acquisitions and Divestitures (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Schedule of Liabilities Assumed In Conjunction With Acquisitions Businesses	Liabilities assumed in conjunction with our acquisitions are as follows: (in millions) Year ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Fair value of assets acquired $ 110 $ 219 $ 110 Cash paid (net of cash acquired) 99 201 91 Liabilities assumed $ 11 $ 18 $ 19
Schedule of Key Components of Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale	The components of assets and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet consist of the following: (in millions) December 31, 2021 1 Accounts Receivable, net $ 59 Goodwill 255 Other assets 7 Assets of businesses held for sale $ 321 Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 11 Unearned revenue 138 Liabilities of businesses held for sale $ 149 1 Assets and liabilities held for sale as of December 31, 2021 relate to CGS and LCD. The operating profit of our businesses that were held for sale or disposed of for the years ending December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 is as follows: (in millions) Year ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Operating profit 1 $ 172 $ 162 $ 162 1 The operating profit presented includes the revenue and recurring direct expenses associated with businesses held for sale. The year ended December 31, 2021 excludes a pre-tax gain on the sale of SPIAS of $3 million . T he year ended December 31, 2020 excludes a pre-tax gain on the sale of the IR webhosting business of $11 million. The year ended December 31, 2019 excludes a pre-tax gain on the sale of RigData and SPIAS of $27 million and $22 million, respectively.

Goodwill and Other Intangible_2

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Change in Carrying Amount of Goodwill	The change in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment is shown below: (in millions) Ratings Market Intelligence Platts Indices Corporate Total Balance as of December 31, 2019 $ 115 $ 2,062 $ 521 $ 376 $ 501 $ 3,575 Acquisitions 138 — — — — 138 Dispositions — (2) — — — (2) Other 1 10 11 6 — (3) 24 Balance as of December 31, 2020 263 2,071 527 376 498 3,735 Acquisitions — — — — 54 54 Reclassifications 2 — (255) — — — (255) Other 1 (18) (8) (2) — — (28) Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 245 $ 1,808 $ 525 $ 376 $ 552 $ 3,506 1 Primarily relates to the impact of foreign exchange and valuation adjustments for prior period acquisitions. 2021 includes adjustments related to RobecoSAM and 2020 includes adjustments related to Investor Relations. 2 Relates to CGS and LCD, which are classified as assets held for sale in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021
Schedule of Other Intangible Assets	The following table summarizes our definite-lived intangible assets: (in millions) Cost Databases and software Content Customer relationships Tradenames Other intangibles Total Balance as of December 31, 2019 $ 629 $ 139 $ 355 $ 54 $ 130 $ 1,307 Acquisitions 14 — — — 40 54 Other (primarily Fx) 1 2 — 1 1 7 11 Balance as of December 31, 2020 645 139 356 55 177 1,372 Acquisitions — — — — 18 18 Other 1 — — (1) — 11 10 Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 645 $ 139 $ 355 $ 55 $ 206 $ 1,400 Accumulated amortization Balance as of December 31, 2019 $ 331 $ 129 $ 153 $ 48 $ 68 $ 729 Current year amortization 73 10 21 2 17 123 Acquisitions — — — — 10 10 Other (primarily Fx) 1 2 — 1 — 1 4 Balance as of December 31, 2020 406 139 175 50 96 866 Current year amortization 52 — 21 2 21 96 Reclassifications 2 8 — — — (8) — Other 1 1 — — — (2) (1) Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 467 $ 139 $ 196 $ 52 $ 107 $ 961 Net definite-lived intangibles: December 31, 2020 $ 239 $ — $ 181 $ 5 $ 81 $ 506 December 31, 2021 $ 178 $ — $ 159 $ 3 $ 99 $ 439 1 Primarily relates to the impact of foreign exchange and valuation adjustments for prior period acquisitions. 2021 includes adjustments related to RobecoSAM and 2020 includes adjustments related to 451 Research. 2 The reclassification in 2021 is related to RobecoSAM.
Schedule of Projected Amortization Expense for Intangible Assets	Expected amortization expense for intangible assets over the next five years for the years ended December 31, assuming no further acquisitions or dispositions, is as follows: (in millions) 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Amortization expense 1 $ 91 $ 85 $ 82 $ 65 $ 34 1 Amortization expense does not include the expected merger with IHS Markit which is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2022.

Taxes on Income (Tables)

Taxes on Income (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Income Before Taxes from Domestic and Foreign Operations	Income before taxes on income resulting from domestic and foreign operations is as follows: (in millions) Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Domestic operations $ 2,874 $ 2,226 $ 2,068 Foreign operations 1,290 1,002 862 Total income before taxes $ 4,164 $ 3,228 $ 2,930
Schedule of Provision for Taxes on Income	The provision for taxes on income consists of the following: (in millions) Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Federal: Current $ 438 $ 349 $ 303 Deferred (9) 1 13 Total federal 429 350 316 Foreign: Current 295 246 201 Deferred 23 (9) 14 Total foreign 318 237 215 State and local: Current 153 111 93 Deferred 1 (4) 3 Total state and local 154 107 96 Total provision for taxes $ 901 $ 694 $ 627
Schedule of Reconciliation of Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate to Effective Income Tax Rate	A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to our effective income tax rate for financial reporting purposes is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 U.S. federal statutory income tax rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State and local income taxes 3.3 3.0 2.6 Foreign operations (0.2) (0.3) (0.3) Stock-based compensation (0.8) (0.7) (1.4) S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC joint venture (1.1) (1.2) (1.2) Tax credits and incentives (2.3) (2.2) (1.7) Other, net 1.7 1.9 2.4 Effective income tax rate 21.6 % 21.5 % 21.4 %
Schedule of Differences Between the Accounting for Income and Expenses for Financial Reporting and Income Tax	The principal temporary differences between the accounting for income and expenses for financial reporting and income tax purposes are as follows: (in millions) December 31, 2021 2020 Deferred tax assets: Employee compensation $ 57 $ 64 Accrued expenses 54 41 Postretirement benefits 28 12 Unearned revenue 74 28 Forward exchange contracts 71 — Loss carryforwards 204 217 Lease liabilities 142 186 Other 32 53 Total deferred tax assets 662 601 Deferred tax liabilities: Goodwill and intangible assets (394) (347) Right of use asset (101) (138) Postretirement benefits (46) — Fixed assets (6) (7) Total deferred tax liabilities (547) (492) Net deferred income tax asset before valuation allowance 115 109 Valuation allowance (206) (219) Net deferred income tax liability $ (91) $ (110) Reported as: Non-current deferred tax assets $ 56 $ 67 Non-current deferred tax liabilities (147) (177) Net deferred income tax liability $ (91) $ (110)
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits	A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: (in millions) Year ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Balance at beginning of year $ 121 $ 124 $ 147 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 35 24 21 Additions for tax positions of prior years 9 1 11 Reduction for tax positions of prior years — (13) (15) Reduction for settlements (8) (4) (33) Expiration of applicable statutes of limitations (10) (11) (7) Balance at end of year $ 147 $ 121 $ 124

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Short-term and Long-term Debt Outstanding	A summary of long-term debt outstanding is as follows: (in millions) December 31, 2021 2020 4.0% Senior Notes, due 2025 1 $ 696 $ 695 2.95% Senior Notes, due 2027 2 496 495 2.5% Senior Notes, due 2029 3 496 495 1.25% Senior Notes, due 2030 4 593 592 6.55% Senior Notes, due 2037 5 290 290 4.5% Senior Notes, due 2048 6 273 273 3.25% Senior Notes, due 2049 7 589 589 2.3% Senior Notes, due 2060 8 681 681 Long-term debt $ 4,114 $ 4,110 1 Interest payments are due semiannually on June 15 and December 15, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $4 million. 2 Interest payments are due semiannually on January 22 and July 22, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $4 million. 3 Interest payments are due semiannually on June 1 and December 1, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $4 million . 4 Interest payments are due semiannually on February 15 and August 15, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $7 million. 5 Interest payments are due semiannually on May 15 and November 15, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $3 million. 6 Interest payments are due semiannually on May 15 and November 15, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $10 million . 7 Interest payments are due semiannually on June 1 and December 1, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $11 million. 8 Interest payments are due semiannually on February 15 and August 15, and as of December 31, 2021, the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs total $19 million.

Derivative Instruments (Tables)

Derivative Instruments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Location and Fair Value Amounts of Cash Flow Hedges	The following table provides information on the location and fair value amounts of our cash flow hedges and net investment hedges as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020: (in millions) December 31, December 31, Balance Sheet Location 2021 2020 Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Prepaid and other current assets Foreign exchange forward contracts $ 7 $ 23 Other current liabilities Foreign exchange forward contracts $ — $ 2 Other non-current liabilities Interest rate swap contracts $ 270 $ — Derivative designated as net investment hedges: Other non-current liabilities Cross currency swaps $ 17 $ 107
Schedule of Pre-tax Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges	The following table provides information on the location and amounts of pre-tax gains (losses) on our cash flow hedges and net investment hedges for the years ended December 31: (in millions) Gain (Loss) recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (effective portion) Location of Gain (Loss) reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income (effective portion) Gain (Loss) reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income (effective portion) 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Cash flow hedges - designated as hedging instruments Foreign exchange forward contracts $ (11) $ 17 $ (2) Revenue, Selling and general expenses $ 19 $ 2 $ 5 Interest rate swap contracts $ (270) $ — $ — Interest expense, net $ — $ — $ — Net investment hedges- designated as hedging instruments Cross currency swaps $ 84 $ (97) $ (10) Interest expense, net $ (5) $ — $ —
Schedule of Cash Flow Hedges included in AOCI	The activity related to the change in unrealized gains (losses) in accumulated other comprehensive loss was as follows for the years ended December 31: (in millions) Year ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Cash Flow Hedges Foreign exchange forward contracts Net unrealized gains on cash flow hedges, net of taxes, beginning of period $ 14 $ 2 $ 4 Change in fair value, net of tax 11 14 3 Reclassification into earnings, net of tax (19) (2) (5) Net unrealized gains on cash flow hedges, net of taxes, end of period $ 6 $ 14 $ 2 Interest rate swap contracts Net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges, net of taxes, beginning of period $ — $ — $ — Change in fair value, net of tax (203) — — Reclassification into earnings, net of tax — — — Net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges, net of taxes, end of period $ (203) $ — $ — Net Investment Hedges Net unrealized losses on net investment hedges, net of taxes, beginning of period $ (81) $ (8) $ — Change in fair value, net of tax 59 (73) (8) Reclassification into earnings, net of tax 5 — — Net unrealized losses on net investment hedges, net of taxes, end of period $ (17) $ (81) $ (8)

Employee Benefits (Tables)

Employee Benefits (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Schedule of the Benefit Obligation, the Fair Value of Plan Assets, and the Funded Status	A summary of the benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets, as well as the funded status for the retirement and postretirement plans as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, is as follows (benefits paid in the table below include only those amounts contributed directly to or paid directly from plan assets): (in millions) Retirement Plans Postretirement Plans 2021 2020 2021 2020 Net benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 2,220 $ 1,945 $ 36 $ 38 Service cost 4 4 — — Interest cost 40 52 1 1 Plan participants’ contributions — — 2 2 Actuarial (gain) loss 1 (55) 269 (2) 1 Gross benefits paid (77) (76) (5) (6) Foreign currency effect (10) 26 — — Other adjustments 2 — — (4) — Net benefit obligation at end of year 2,122 2,220 28 36 Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year 2,243 1,960 9 13 Actual return on plan assets 58 327 — — Employer contributions 11 12 — — Plan participants’ contributions — — 2 2 Gross benefits paid (77) (76) (5) (6) Foreign currency effect (4) 20 — — Fair value of plan assets at end of year 2,231 2,243 6 9 Funded status $ 109 $ 23 $ (22) $ (27) Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets: Non-current assets $ 359 $ 297 $ — $ — Current liabilities (10) (10) — — Non-current liabilities (240) (264) (22) (27) $ 109 $ 23 $ (22) $ (27) Accumulated benefit obligation $ 2,110 $ 2,204 Plans with accumulated benefit obligation in excess of the fair value of plan assets: Projected benefit obligation $ 250 $ 274 Accumulated benefit obligation $ 238 $ 258 Fair value of plan assets $ — $ — Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax: Net actuarial loss (gain) $ 350 $ 373 $ (36) $ (37) Prior service credit 2 2 (14) (12) Total recognized $ 352 $ 375 $ (50) $ (49) 1 The actuarial gain in 2021 compared to the actuarial loss in 2020 was primarily due to an increase in the discount rate.
Schedule of Net Periodic Benefit Cost	A summary of net periodic benefit cost for our retirement and postretirement plans for the years ended December 31, is as follows: (in millions) Retirement Plans Postretirement Plans 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Service cost $ 4 $ 4 $ 3 $ — $ — $ — Interest cost 40 52 64 1 1 1 Expected return on assets (104) (102) (108) — — — Amortization of: Actuarial loss (gain) 21 17 12 (2) (2) (2) Prior service credit — — — (1) (1) (1) Net periodic benefit cost (39) (29) (29) (2) (2) (2) Settlement charge 3 1 3 1 113 2 — — — Total net periodic benefit cost $ (36) $ (26) $ 84 $ (2) $ (2) $ (2) 1 During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, lump sum withdrawals exceeded the combined total anticipated annual service and interest cost of our U.K. pension plan, triggering the recognition of non-cash pre-tax settlement charges of $3 million.
Schedule of Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax	Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax for the years ended December 31, are as follows: (in millions) Retirement Plans Postretirement Plans 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Net actuarial loss (gain) $ (6) $ 28 $ (10) $ (1) $ 1 $ — Recognized actuarial (gain) loss (15) (9) (10) 1 2 1 Prior service cost — — — (1) 1 1 Settlement charge (2) 1 (2) 1 (85) 2 — — — Total recognized $ (23) $ 17 $ (105) $ (1) $ 4 $ 2 1 During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, lump sum withdrawals exceeded the combined total anticipated annual service and interest cost of our U.K. pension plan, triggering the recognition of non-cash pre-tax settlement charges of $3 million. 2 Relates to the impact of a retiree annuity purchase in 2019. The Company purchased a group annuity contract under which an insurance company assumed a portion of the Company's obligation to pay pension benefits to the plan's beneficiaries. The purchase of this group annuity contract was funded by pension plan assets. The non-cash after tax settlement charge reflects the accelerated recognition of a portion of unamortized actuarial losses in the plan.
Schedule of Assumptions Used	Assumptions Retirement Plans Postretirement Plans 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Benefit obligation: Discount rate 2 3.05 % 2.75 % 3.45 % 2.72 % 2.20 % 3.08 % Net periodic cost: Weighted-average healthcare cost rate 1 N/A 6.00 % 6.50 % Discount rate - U.S. plan 2 2.75 % 3.45 % 4.40 % 2.20 % 3.08 % 4.15 % Discount rate - U.K. plan 2 1.36 % 1.92 % 2.72 % Return on assets 3 5.00 % 5.50 % 6.00 % 1 The health care cost trend rate no longer applies since all subsidized benefits subject to trend were eliminated in 2021. 2 Effective January 1, 2021, we changed our discount rate assumption on our U.S. retirement plans to 2.75% from 3.45% in 2020 and changed our discount rate assumption on our U.K. plan to 1.36% from 1.92% in 2020. 3 The expected return on assets assumption is calculated based on the plan’s asset allocation strategy and projected market returns over the long-term. Effective January 1, 2022, our return on assets assumption for the U.S. plan was reduced to 4.00% from 5.00% and the U.K. plan was reduced to 5.00% from 5.50%.
Schedule of Information about the Expected Cash Flows for Retirement and Post-Retirement Plans and Impact of the Medicare Subsidy	Information about the expected cash flows for our retirement and postretirement plans is as follows: (in millions) Retirement Plans 1 Postretirement Plans 2 2022 $ 70 3 2023 73 3 2024 75 3 2025 79 3 2026 82 2 2027-2031 447 8 1 Reflects the total benefits expected to be paid from the plans or from our assets including both our share of the benefit cost and the participants’ share of the cost. 2 Reflects the total benefits expected to be paid from our assets.
Schedule of Fair Value of Defined Benefit Plan Assets by Asset Class	The fair value of our defined benefit plans assets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, by asset class is as follows: (in millions) December 31, 2021 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Cash and short-term investments $ 6 $ 6 $ — $ — Equities: U.S. indexes 1 6 6 — — Fixed income: Long duration strategy 2 1,376 — 1,376 — Intermediate duration securities 59 — 59 — Real Estate: U.K. 3 44 — — 44 Infrastructure: U.K. 4 81 — 81 Total $ 1,572 $ 12 $ 1,516 $ 44 Common collective trust funds measured at net asset value as a practical expedient: Collective investment funds 5 $ 659 Total $ 2,231 (in millions) December 31, 2020 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Cash and short-term investments $ 4 $ 4 $ — $ — Equities: U.S. indexes 1 9 9 — — U.S. growth and value 41 41 — — Fixed income: Long duration strategy 2 1,339 — 1,339 — Intermediate duration securities 57 — 57 — Real Estate: U.K. 3 38 — — 38 Infrastructure: U.K. 4 $ 78 $ — $ 78 $ — Total $ 1,566 $ 54 $ 1,474 $ 38 Common collective trust funds measured at net asset value as a practical expedient: Collective investment funds 5 $ 677 Total $ 2,243 1 Includes securities that are tracked in the S&P Smallcap 600 index. 2 Includes securities that are mainly investment grade obligations of issuers in the U.S. 3 Includes a fund which holds real estate properties in the U.K. 4 Includes funds that invest in global infrastructure for the UK Pension.
Schedule of Effect of Significant Unobservable Inputs, Changes in Plan Assets	The following table details further information on our plan assets where we have used significant unobservable inputs: (in millions) Level 3 Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 38 Distributions (2) Gain (loss) 8 Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 44

Stock-Based Compensation (Table

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of Number of Common Shares Reserved for Issuance	The number of common shares reserved for issuance are as follows: (in millions) December 31, 2021 2020 Shares available for granting 1 19.5 19.7 Options outstanding 0.3 0.5 Total shares reserved for issuance 2 19.8 20.2 1 Shares available for granting at December 31, 2021 and 2020 are under the 2019 Plan. 2 Shares reserved for issuance under the Director Deferred Stock Ownership Plan are not included in the total, but are less than 1.0 million at both December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense	Stock-based compensation expense and the corresponding tax benefit are as follows: (in millions) Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Stock option expense $ — $ — $ 1 Restricted stock and unit awards expense 122 90 77 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 122 $ 90 $ 78 Tax benefit $ 20 $ 15 $ 13
Schedule of Stock Option Activity	Stock option activity is as follows: (in millions, except per award amounts) Shares Weighted average exercise price Weighted-average remaining years of contractual term Aggregate intrinsic value Options outstanding as of December 31, 2020 0.5 $ 60.46 Exercised (0.2) $ 283.56 Forfeited and expired 1 — $ 39.94 Options outstanding as of December 31, 2021 0.3 $ 67.14 1.99 $ 113 Options exercisable as of December 31, 2021 0.3 $ 67.14 1.99 $ 113 1 There are less than 0.1 million shares forfeited and expired. (in millions, except per award amounts) Shares Weighted-average grant-date fair value Nonvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2020 — $ 111.96 Vested 1 — $ 111.96 Nonvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2021 2 — $ — Total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested options $ — Weighted-average years to be recognized over 0.0 1 There are less than 0.1 million shares vested. 2 There are no nonvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2021.
Schedule of Stock Option Exercises	Information regarding our stock option exercises is as follows: (in millions) Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Net cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options $ 13 $ 16 $ 40 Total intrinsic value of stock option exercises $ 41 $ 60 $ 110 Income tax benefit realized from stock option exercises $ 11 $ 13 $ 33
Schedule of Restricted Stock and Unit Activity	Restricted stock and unit activity for performance and non-performance awards is as follows: (in millions, except per award amounts) Shares Weighted-average grant-date fair value Nonvested shares as of December 31, 2020 0.6 $ 227.67 Granted 0.4 $ 296.49 Vested (0.5) $ 219.85 Forfeited — $ 263.18 Nonvested shares as of December 31, 2021 0.5 $ 299.28 Total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested awards $ 101 Weighted-average years to be recognized over 1.7 Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Weighted-average grant-date fair value per award $ 296.49 $ 232.92 $ 187.40 Total fair value of restricted stock and unit awards vested $ 243 $ 134 $ 153 Tax benefit relating to restricted stock activity $ 48 $ 26 $ 29

Equity (Tables)

Equity (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Equity [Abstract]
Schedule of Dividend History	Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Quarterly dividend rate $ 0.77 $ 0.67 $ 0.57 Annualized dividend rate $ 3.08 $ 2.68 $ 2.28 Dividends paid (in millions) $ 743 $ 645 $ 560
Schedule of Accelerated Share Repurchase Agreements	The terms of each ASR agreement entered into for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, structured as outlined above, are as follows: (in millions, except average price) ASR Agreement Initiation Date ASR Agreement Completion Date Initial Shares Delivered Additional Shares Delivered Total Number of Shares Average Price Paid Per Share Total Cash Utilized February 11, 2020 1 July 27, 2020 1.3 0.4 1.7 $ 292.13 $ 500 February 11, 2020 2 July 27, 2020 1.4 0.3 1.7 $ 292.13 $ 500 August 5, 2019 3 October 1, 2019 1.7 0.3 2.0 $ 253.36 $ 500 February 11, 2019 4 July 31, 2019 2.2 0.1 2.3 $ 214.65 $ 500 1 The ASR agreement was structured as a capped ASR agreement in which we paid $500 million and received an initial delivery of 1.3 million shares and an additional amount of 0.2 million in February 2020, representing a minimum number of shares of our common stock to be repurchased based on a calculation using a specified capped price per share. We completed the ASR agreement on July 27, 2020 and received an additional 0.2 million shares. 2 The ASR agreement was structured as an uncapped ASR agreement in which we paid $500 million and received an initial delivery of 1.4 million shares, representing 85% of the $500 at a price equal to the then market price of the Company. We completed the ASR agreement on July 27, 2020 and received an additional 0.3 million shares. 3 The ASR agreement was structured as a capped ASR agreement in which we paid $500 million and received an initial delivery of 1.7 million shares, and an additional amount of 0.2 million in August 2019, representing a minimum number of shares of our common stock to be repurchased based on a calculation using a specified capped price per share. We completed the ASR agreement on October 1, 2019 and received an additional 0.1 million shares. 4 The ASR agreement was structured as an uncapped ASR agreement in which we paid $500 million and received an initial delivery of 2.2 million shares, representing 85% of the $500 at a price equal to the then market price of the Company. We completed the ASR agreement on July 31, 2019 and received an additional 0.1 million shares.
Schedule of Share Repurchases	Additionally, we purchased shares of our common stock in the open market as follows: (in millions, except average price) Year Ended Total number of shares purchased Average price paid per share Total cash utilized December 31, 2020 0.5 $ 295.40 $ 161 December 31, 2019 1.2 $ 208.83 $ 240
Schedule of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest Rollforward	Ch anges to redeemable noncontrolling interest during the year ended December 31, 2021 were as follows: (in millions) Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 2,781 Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest 215 Distributions to noncontrolling interest (198) Redemption value adjustment 631 Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 3,429
Schedule of Changes in the Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	The following table summarizes the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2021: (in millions) Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments 1,3 Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans 2 Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges 3 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ (323) $ (328) $ 14 $ (637) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (18) 8 (195) (205) Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net earnings 5 15 (19) 1 Net other comprehensive gain (loss) income (13) 23 (214) (204) Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ (336) $ (305) $ (200) $ (841) 1 Includes an unrealized gain related to our cross currency swaps. See note 6 – Derivative Instruments for additional detail of items recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss. 2 Reflects amortization of net actuarial losses and is net of a tax benefit of $3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. See Note 7 — Employee Benefits for additional details of items reclassed from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net earnings. 3 See Note 6 – Derivative Instruments for additional details of items reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net earnings.

Earnings per Share (Tables)

Earnings per Share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of Calculation for Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share	The calculation for basic and diluted EPS is as follows: (in millions, except per share data) Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Amount attributable to S&P Global Inc. common shareholders: Net income $ 3,024 $ 2,339 $ 2,123 Basic weighted-average number of common shares outstanding 240.8 241.0 245.4 Effect of stock options and other dilutive securities 1.0 1.1 1.5 Diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding 241.8 242.1 246.9 Earnings per share attributable to S&P Global Inc. common shareholders: Net income: Basic $ 12.56 $ 9.71 $ 8.65 Diluted $ 12.51 $ 9.66 $ 8.60

Restructuring (Tables)

Restructuring (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Schedule of Initial Restructuring Charge Recorded and the Ending Reserve Balance	The initial restructuring charge recorded and the ending reserve balance as of December 31, 2021 by segment is as follows: 2021 Restructuring Plan 2020 Restructuring Plan (in millions) Initial Charge Recorded Ending Reserve Balance Initial Charge Recorded Ending Reserve Balance Ratings $ 3 $ 3 $ 4 $ 1 Market Intelligence 3 3 27 4 Platts — — 10 4 Indices — — 5 — Corporate 13 13 19 4 Total $ 19 $ 19 $ 65 $ 13

Segment and Geographic Inform_2

Segment and Geographic Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Schedule of Segment Information	A summary of operating results for the years ended December 31 is as follows: Revenue (in millions) 2021 2020 2019 Ratings $ 4,097 $ 3,606 $ 3,106 Market Intelligence 2,247 2,106 1,959 Platts 950 878 844 Indices 1,149 989 918 Intersegment elimination 1 (146) (137) (128) Total revenue $ 8,297 $ 7,442 $ 6,699 Operating Profit (in millions) 2021 2020 2019 Ratings 2 $ 2,629 $ 2,223 $ 1,783 Market Intelligence 3 703 589 566 Platts 4 517 458 457 Indices 5 798 666 632 Total reportable segments 4,647 3,936 3,438 Corporate Unallocated expense 6 (426) (319) (212) Total operating profit $ 4,221 $ 3,617 $ 3,226 1 Revenue for Ratings and expenses for Market Intelligence include an intersegment royalty charged to Market Intelligence for the rights to use and distribute content and data developed by Ratings. 2 Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes a gain on disposition of $6 million, recovery of lease-related costs of $4 million and employee severance charges of $3 million. Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes a technology-related impairment charge of $11 million, lease-related costs of $5 million and employee severance charges of $4 million. Operating profit or the year ended December 31, 2019 includes employee severance charges of $11 million. Additionally, operating profit includes amortization of intangibles from acquisitions of $10 million, $7 million and $2 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 3 Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes employee severance charges of $3 million, a gain on disposition of $3 million, acquisition-related costs of $2 million and lease-related costs of $1 million. Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes employee severance charges of $27 million, a gain on dispositions of $12 million and lease-related costs of $3 million. As of July 1, 2019, we completed the sale of SPIAS and the results are included in Market Intelligence results through that date. Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes a gain on the sale of SPIAS of $22 million, employee severance charges of $6 million and acquisition-related costs of $4 million. Additionally, operating profit includes amortization of intangibles from acquisitions of $65 million, $76 million, and $75 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. 4 Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes recovery of lease-related costs of $2 million. Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes severance charges of $11 million and lease-related costs of $2 million. As of July 31, 2019, we completed the sale of RigData and the results are included in Platts results through that date. Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes a gain on the sale of RigData of $27 million and employee severance charges of $1 million. Additionally, Operating profit includes amortization of intangibles from acquisitions of $8 million, $9 million, and $12 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. 5 Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes recovery of lease-related costs of $1 million. Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes employee severance charges of $5 million, a lease impairment charge of $4 million, a technology-related impairment charge of $2 million and lease-related costs of $1 million. Operating profit includes amortization of intangibles from acquisitions of $6 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019. 6 Corporate Unallocated expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes IHS Markit merger costs of $249 million, employee severance charges of $13 million, lease-related costs of $4 million, a lease impairment of $3 million, Kensho retention related expenses of $2 million, acquisition-related costs of $2 million and a gain on disposition of $2 million. Corporate Unallocated expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes lease impairments of $116 million, IHS Markit merger costs of $24 million, employee severance charges of $19 million, Kensho retention related expense of $12 million and a gain related to an acquisition of $1 million. Corporate Unallocated expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes Kensho retention related expenses of $21 million, lease impairments of $11 million and employee severance charges of $7 million. Additionally, Corporate Unallocated expense includes amortization of intangibles from acquisitions of $7 million, $26 million, and $28 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by revenue type for the years ended December 31: (in millions) Ratings Market Intelligence Platts Indices Intersegment Elimination 1 Total 2021 Subscription $ — $ 2,191 $ 871 $ 191 $ — $ 3,253 Non-subscription / Transaction 2,253 56 13 — — 2,322 Non-transaction 1,844 — — — (146) 1,698 Asset-linked fees — — — 800 — 800 Sales usage-based royalties — — 66 158 — 224 Total revenue $ 4,097 $ 2,247 $ 950 $ 1,149 $ (146) $ 8,297 Timing of revenue recognition Services transferred at a point in time $ 2,253 $ 56 $ 13 $ — $ — $ 2,322 Services transferred over time 1,844 2,191 937 1,149 (146) 5,975 Total revenue $ 4,097 $ 2,247 $ 950 $ 1,149 $ (146) $ 8,297 (in millions) Ratings Market Intelligence Platts Indices Intersegment Elimination 1 Total 2020 2 Subscription $ — $ 2,050 $ 809 $ 177 $ — $ 3,036 Non-subscription / Transaction 1,969 55 7 — — 2,031 Non-transaction 1,637 — — — (137) 1,500 Asset-linked fees — 1 — 647 — 648 Sales usage-based royalties — — 62 165 — 227 Total revenue $ 3,606 $ 2,106 $ 878 $ 989 $ (137) $ 7,442 Timing of revenue recognition Services transferred at a point in time $ 1,969 $ 55 $ 7 $ — $ — $ 2,031 Services transferred over time 1,637 2,051 871 989 (137) 5,411 Total revenue $ 3,606 $ 2,106 $ 878 $ 989 $ (137) $ 7,442 (in millions) Ratings Market Intelligence Platts Indices Intersegment Elimination 1 Total 2019 2 Subscription $ — $ 1,904 $ 774 $ 165 $ — $ 2,843 Non-subscription / Transaction 1,570 45 10 — — 1,625 Non-transaction 1,536 — — — (128) 1,408 Asset-linked fees — 10 — 613 — 623 Sales usage-based royalties — — 60 140 — 200 Total revenue $ 3,106 $ 1,959 $ 844 $ 918 $ (128) $ 6,699 Timing of revenue recognition Services transferred at a point in time $ 1,570 $ 45 $ 10 $ — $ — $ 1,625 Services transferred over time 1,536 1,914 834 918 (128) 5,074 Total revenue $ 3,106 $ 1,959 $ 844 $ 918 $ (128) $ 6,699 1 Intersegment eliminations mainly consists of a royalty charged to Market Intelligence for the rights to use and distribute content and data developed by Ratings. 2 In the first quarter of 2021, we reevaluated our transaction and non-transaction presentation for Ratings which resulted in a reclassification from transaction revenue to non-transaction revenue of $8 million and $7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Segment information for the years ended December 31 is as follows: (in millions) Depreciation & Amortization Capital Expenditures 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Ratings $ 46 $ 40 $ 34 $ 18 $ 33 $ 41 Market Intelligence 91 101 99 12 28 44 Platts 12 17 21 2 7 13 Indices 10 9 8 2 4 5 Total reportable segments 159 167 162 34 72 103 Corporate 19 39 42 1 4 12 Total $ 178 $ 206 $ 204 $ 35 $ 76 $ 115 Segment information as of December 31 is as follows: (in millions) Total Assets 2021 2020 Ratings $ 1,248 $ 1,088 Market Intelligence 3,368 3,762 Platts 891 913 Indices 1,501 1,443 Total reportable segments 7,008 7,206 Corporate 1 7,697 5,331 Assets of businesses held for sale 2 321 — Total $ 15,026 $ 12,537 1 Corporate assets consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, goodwill and other intangible assets, assets for pension benefits and deferred income taxes. 2 Includes CGS and LCD as of December 31, 2021. See Note 2 – Acquisitions and Divestitures for further discussion.
Schedule of Revenue and Long-lived Assets by Geographic Region	The following provides revenue and long-lived assets by geographic region: (in millions) Revenue Long-lived Assets Year ended December 31, December 31, 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 U.S. $ 5,012 $ 4,504 $ 3,976 $ 4,733 $ 4,787 European region 1,995 1,769 1,659 463 496 Asia 874 782 710 85 102 Rest of the world 416 387 354 42 44 Total $ 8,297 $ 7,442 $ 6,699 $ 5,323 $ 5,429 Revenue Long-lived Assets Year ended December 31, December 31, 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 U.S. 60 % 61 % 59 % 89 % 88 % European region 24 24 25 9 9 Asia 11 10 11 2 2 Rest of the world 5 5 5 — 1 Total 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Location and Amounts of Leases	The following table provides information on the location and amounts of our leases on our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020: (in millions) 2021 2020 Balance Sheet Location Assets Right of use assets Lease right-of-use assets $ 426 $ 494 Liabilities Other current liabilities Current lease liabilities 96 100 Lease liabilities — non-current Non-current lease liabilities 492 544
Schedule of Components of Lease Expense and Supplemental Cash Flow Information	The components of lease expense for the years ended December 31 are as follows: (in millions) 2021 2020 Operating lease cost $ 124 $ 144 Sublease income (2) (6) Total lease cost $ 122 $ 138 Supplemental information related to leases for the years ended December 31 are as follows: (in millions) 2021 2020 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement for operating lease liabilities Operating cash flows for operating leases 127 137 Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations Operating leases 29 8
Schedule of Lease Terms and Discount Rates	Weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for our operating leases as of December 31 are as follows: 2021 2020 Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) 8.3 8.5 Weighted-average discount rate 3.59 % 3.78 %
Schedule of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities	Maturities of lease liabilities for our operating leases are as follows: (in millions) 2022 $ 114 2023 94 2024 75 2025 67 2026 63 2027 and beyond 269 Total undiscounted lease payments $ 682 Less: Imputed interest 94 Present value of lease liabilities $ 588

Accounting Policies - Narrative

Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021USD ($)segmentreporting_unit	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments | segment	4
Total revenue	$ (8,297,000,000)	$ (7,442,000,000)	$ (6,699,000,000)
Contract assets	9,000,000	7,000,000
Revenues recognized	2,100,000,000
Remaining performance obligations	2,700,000,000
Capitalized contract costs	$ 137,000,000	129,000,000
Capitalized contract cost amortization period	5 years
Market value of cash and cash equivalents	$ 6,497,000,000	4,108,000,000
Restricted cash	8,000,000	14,000,000
Gross deferred technology costs	216,000,000	209,000,000
Accumulated amortization of deferred technology costs	173,000,000	150,000,000
Fair value of our long-term debt borrowings	$ 4,400,000,000	4,600,000,000
Option to extend lease period	12 years
Period of options to terminate lease	1 year
Number of reporting units | reporting_unit	4
Goodwill impairment loss	$ 0	0	0
Impairment of intangible assets	0	0	0
Cost of advertisement	39,000,000	29,000,000	34,000,000
Undistributed accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiary	2,900,000,000
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries reinvested indefinitely	$ 800,000,000
Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Remaining lease terms	1 year
Minimum | Software and Software Development Costs
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment useful life	3 years
Minimum | Building and Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment useful life	15 years
Minimum | Equipment and Furniture
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment useful life	2 years
Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Remaining lease terms	12 years
Maximum | Software and Software Development Costs
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment useful life	7 years
Maximum | Building and Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment useful life	40 years
Maximum | Equipment and Furniture
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment useful life	10 years
Non-transaction
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ (1,698,000,000)	(1,500,000,000)	(1,408,000,000)
Elimination
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total revenue	146,000,000	137,000,000	128,000,000
Elimination | Non-transaction
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 146,000,000	$ 137,000,000	$ 128,000,000

Accounting Policies - Narrati_2

Accounting Policies - Narrative Remaining Performance Obligations (Details) - Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2022-01-01	Dec. 31, 2021
12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Expected period of satisfaction, percentage	50.00%
Expected period of satisfaction	12 months
24 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Expected period of satisfaction, percentage	75.00%
Expected period of satisfaction	24 months

Accounting Policies - Schedule

Accounting Policies - Schedule of Other (Income) Expense, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Other components of net periodic benefit cost	$ (45)	$ (32)	$ 79
Net (income) loss from investments	(17)	1	19
Other (income) expense, net	(62)	(31)	98
Settlement charge	$ 3	$ 3	$ 113

Acquisitions and Divestitures -

Acquisitions and Divestitures - Acquisitions Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Actual shares outstanding at year end (shares)		241,000,000	240,600,000	244,000,000
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired		$ 99	$ 201	$ 91
Minimum
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Amortization period of acquired intangible assets (in years)		3 years	3 years	3 years
Maximum
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Amortization period of acquired intangible assets (in years)		5 years	10 years	10 years
IHS Markit Ltd
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Actual shares outstanding at year end (shares)		399,100,000
IHS Markit Ltd
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Shares to be received (shares)	0.2838

Acquisitions and Divestitures_2

Acquisitions and Divestitures - Schedule of Liabilities Assumed In Conjunction With Acquisitions Businesses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Fair value of assets acquired	$ 110	$ 219	$ 110
Cash paid (net of cash acquired)	99	201	91
Liabilities assumed	$ 11	$ 18	$ 19

Acquisitions and Divestitures_3

Acquisitions and Divestitures - Divestitures Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions	$ 11	$ 16	$ 49
Sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions	11	16	49
Sale | S&P Global's CUSIP Global Services
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Divestiture consideration	1,925
Sale | Office facility in India
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions	8
Gain on disposition after tax	6
Sale | SPIAS
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions	3	1	22
Gain on disposition after tax	$ 3	1	12
Sale | IR webhosting business
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions		11
Gain on disposition after tax		6
Sale | Facility at East Windsor, New Jersey
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions		4
Gain on disposition after tax		$ 3
Sale | RigData
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions			27
Gain on disposition after tax			$ 26

Acquisitions and Divestitures_4

Acquisitions and Divestitures - Schedule of Key Components of Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Liabilities [Abstract]
Liabilities of businesses held for sale	$ 149	$ 0
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions	11	16	$ 49
Held for sale | CGS and LCD
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Assets [Abstract]
Accounts Receivable, net	59
Goodwill	255
Other assets	7
Total assets	321
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Liabilities [Abstract]
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	11
Unearned revenue	138
Liabilities of businesses held for sale	149
Held for sale or disposed
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Liabilities [Abstract]
Operating profit	172	162	162
Sale
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Liabilities [Abstract]
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions	11	16	49
Sale | SPIAS
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Liabilities [Abstract]
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions	$ 3	1	22
Sale | IR webhosting business
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Liabilities [Abstract]
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions		$ 11
Sale | RigData
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Liabilities [Abstract]
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions			$ 27

Goodwill and Other Intangible_3

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	$ 3,735	$ 3,575
Acquisitions	54	138
Dispositions		(2)
Reclassifications	(255)
Other	(28)	24
Goodwill, ending balance	3,506	3,735
Operating Segments | Ratings
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	263	115
Acquisitions	0	138
Dispositions		0
Reclassifications	0
Other	(18)	10
Goodwill, ending balance	245	263
Operating Segments | Market Intelligence
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	2,071	2,062
Acquisitions	0	0
Dispositions		(2)
Reclassifications	(255)
Other	(8)	11
Goodwill, ending balance	1,808	2,071
Operating Segments | Platts
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	527	521
Acquisitions	0	0
Dispositions		0
Reclassifications	0
Other	(2)	6
Goodwill, ending balance	525	527
Operating Segments | Indices
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	376	376
Acquisitions	0	0
Dispositions		0
Reclassifications	0
Other	0	0
Goodwill, ending balance	376	376
Corporate
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	498	501
Acquisitions	54	0
Dispositions		0
Reclassifications	0
Other	0	(3)
Goodwill, ending balance	$ 552	$ 498

Goodwill and Other Intangible_4

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets by Major Class [Line Items]
Other intangible assets	$ 846	$ 846
Amortization period	12 years
Amortization of intangibles	$ 96	123	$ 122
Maximum
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets by Major Class [Line Items]
Amortization period	21 years
Intellectual Property
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets by Major Class [Line Items]
Carrying value of trade name and licenses	$ 380	380
Intellectual Property | Indices
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets by Major Class [Line Items]
Carrying value of trade name and licenses	132	132
Tradenames
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets by Major Class [Line Items]
Carrying value of trade name and licenses	90	90
Tradenames | Market Intelligence
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets by Major Class [Line Items]
Carrying value of trade name and licenses	185	185
Goldman Sachs Commodity and Broad Market Intellectual Property | Indices
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets by Major Class [Line Items]
Carrying value of trade name and licenses	$ 59	$ 59

Goodwill and Other Intangible_5

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Other Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 1,372	$ 1,307
Acquisitions	18	54
Other	10	11
Ending balance	1,400	1,372	$ 1,307
Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization [Roll Forward]
Accumulated amortization, beginning balance	866	729
Current year amortization	96	123	122
Acquisitions		10
Reclassifications	0
Other (primarily Fx)	(1)	4
Accumulated amortization, ending balance	961	866	729
Net definite-lived intangibles	439	506
Databases and software
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	645	629
Acquisitions	0	14
Other	0	2
Ending balance	645	645	629
Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization [Roll Forward]
Accumulated amortization, beginning balance	406	331
Current year amortization	52	73
Acquisitions		0
Reclassifications	8
Other (primarily Fx)	1	2
Accumulated amortization, ending balance	467	406	331
Net definite-lived intangibles	178	239
Content
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	139	139
Acquisitions	0	0
Other	0	0
Ending balance	139	139	139
Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization [Roll Forward]
Accumulated amortization, beginning balance	139	129
Current year amortization	0	10
Acquisitions		0
Reclassifications	0
Other (primarily Fx)	0	0
Accumulated amortization, ending balance	139	139	129
Net definite-lived intangibles	0	0
Customer relationships
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	356	355
Acquisitions	0	0
Other	(1)	1
Ending balance	355	356	355
Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization [Roll Forward]
Accumulated amortization, beginning balance	175	153
Current year amortization	21	21
Acquisitions		0
Reclassifications	0
Other (primarily Fx)	0	1
Accumulated amortization, ending balance	196	175	153
Net definite-lived intangibles	159	181
Tradenames
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	55	54
Acquisitions	0	0
Other	0	1
Ending balance	55	55	54
Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization [Roll Forward]
Accumulated amortization, beginning balance	50	48
Current year amortization	2	2
Acquisitions		0
Reclassifications	0
Other (primarily Fx)	0	0
Accumulated amortization, ending balance	52	50	48
Net definite-lived intangibles	3	5
Other intangibles
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	177	130
Acquisitions	18	40
Other	11	7
Ending balance	206	177	130
Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization [Roll Forward]
Accumulated amortization, beginning balance	96	68
Current year amortization	21	17
Acquisitions		10
Reclassifications	(8)
Other (primarily Fx)	(2)	1
Accumulated amortization, ending balance	107	96	$ 68
Net definite-lived intangibles	$ 99	$ 81

Goodwill and Other Intangible_6

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Projected Amortization Expense (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021USD ($)
Projected amortization expense for intangible assets
2022	$ 91
2023	85
2024	82
2025	65
2026	$ 34

Taxes on Income - Schedule of I

Taxes on Income - Schedule of Income Before Taxes from Domestic and Foreign Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income before taxes domestic and foreign operations
Domestic operations	$ 2,874	$ 2,226	$ 2,068
Foreign operations	1,290	1,002	862
Income before taxes on income	$ 4,164	$ 3,228	$ 2,930

Taxes on Income - Schedule of P

Taxes on Income - Schedule of Provision for Taxes on Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Federal:
Current	$ 438	$ 349	$ 303
Deferred	(9)	1	13
Total federal	429	350	316
Foreign:
Current	295	246	201
Deferred	23	(9)	14
Total foreign	318	237	215
State and local:
Current	153	111	93
Deferred	1	(4)	3
Total state and local	154	107	96
Total provision for taxes	$ 901	$ 694	$ 627

Taxes on Income - Schedule of R

Taxes on Income - Schedule of Reconciliation of Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate to Effective Income Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Reconciliation of federal statutory income tax rate
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
State and local income taxes	3.30%	3.00%	2.60%
Foreign operations	(0.20%)	(0.30%)	(0.30%)
Stock-based compensation	(0.80%)	(0.70%)	(1.40%)
S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC joint venture	(1.10%)	(1.20%)	(1.20%)
Tax credits and incentives	(2.30%)	(2.20%)	(1.70%)
Other, net	1.70%	1.90%	2.40%
Effective income tax rate	21.60%	21.50%	21.40%

Taxes on Income - Schedule of D

Taxes on Income - Schedule of Differences Between the Accounting for Income and Expenses for Financial Reporting and Income Tax (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets:
Employee compensation	$ 57	$ 64
Accrued expenses	54	41
Postretirement benefits	28	12
Unearned revenue	74	28
Forward exchange contracts	71	0
Loss carryforwards	204	217
Lease liabilities	142	186
Other	32	53
Total deferred tax assets	662	601
Deferred tax liabilities:
Goodwill and intangible assets	(394)	(347)
Right of use asset	(101)	(138)
Postretirement benefits	(46)	0
Fixed assets	(6)	(7)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(547)	(492)
Net deferred income tax asset before valuation allowance	115	109
Valuation allowance	(206)	(219)
Net deferred income tax liability	(91)	(110)
Reported as:
Non-current deferred tax assets	56	67
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	(147)	(177)
Net deferred income tax liability	$ (91)	$ (110)

Taxes on Income - Narrative (De

Taxes on Income - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries for income tax purposes	$ 2,900
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries reinvested indefinitely	800
Net income tax payments	883	$ 683	$ 659
Operating loss carryforwards	761
Unrecognized tax benefits	147	121	$ 124	$ 147
Increase in tax expense from change in unrecognized tax benefits	31
Decrease in unrecognized tax benefits reasonably possible	16
Accrued interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions	$ 24	$ 24

Taxes on Income - Reconciliatio

Taxes on Income - Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Reconciliation of beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits
Balance at beginning of year	$ 121	$ 124	$ 147
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	35	24	21
Additions for tax positions of prior years	9	1	11
Reduction for tax positions of prior years	0	(13)	(15)
Reduction for settlements	(8)	(4)	(33)
Expiration of applicable statutes of limitations	(10)	(11)	(7)
Balance at end of year	$ 147	$ 121	$ 124

Debt - Summary (Details)

Debt - Summary (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Aug. 13, 2020	Nov. 26, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	$ 4,114,000,000		$ 4,110,000,000
Annual long term debt maturity year 2026	0
Senior Notes | 4.0% Senior Notes, due 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	696,000,000		695,000,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	$ 4,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	4.00%
Senior Notes | 2.95% Senior Notes, due 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt			495,000,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	$ 4,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	2.95%
Annual long term debt maturity year 2026	$ 496,000,000
Senior Notes | 2.5% Senior Notes, due 2029
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	496,000,000		495,000,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	$ 4,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	2.50%				2.50%
Senior Notes | 1.25% Senior Notes, due 2030
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	$ 593,000,000		592,000,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	$ 7,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	1.25%			1.25%
Senior Notes | 6.55% Senior Notes, due 2037
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	$ 290,000,000		$ 290,000,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	$ 3,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	6.55%	6.55%	6.55%
Senior Notes | 4.5% Senior Notes, due 2048
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	$ 273,000,000		$ 273,000,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	$ 10,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	4.50%	4.50%
Senior Notes | 3.25% Senior Notes, due 2049
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	$ 589,000,000		589,000,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	$ 11,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.25%				3.25%
Senior Notes | 2.3% Senior Notes, due 2060
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	$ 681,000,000		$ 681,000,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	$ 19,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	2.30%			2.30%

Debt - Narrative (Details)

Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Apr. 26, 2021	Apr. 25, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Aug. 13, 2020	Nov. 26, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Annual long term debt maturity year 2022			$ 0
Annual long term debt maturity year 2023			0
Annual long term debt maturity year 2024			0
Annual long term debt maturity year 2025			696,000,000
Annual long term debt maturity year 2026			0
Annual long term debt maturity thereafter			$ 3,400,000,000
Ratio of indebtedness to cash flow			4
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Additional borrowing capacity			$ 500,000,000
Five-year Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 1,500,000,000
Credit facility term	5 years
Commitment fee ratio			0.09%
Five-year Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility Due 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity								$ 1,500,000,000
Previous Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity		$ 1,200,000,000
Credit facility term		5 years
Short-term debt		$ 0
1.25% Senior Notes, due 2030 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt face amount						$ 600,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)			1.25%			1.25%
2.3% Senior Notes, due 2060 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt face amount						$ 700,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)			2.30%			2.30%
4.4% Senior Notes, due 2026 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt face amount				$ 900,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)				4.40%
6.55% Senior Notes, due 2037 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt face amount					$ 400,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)			6.55%	6.55%	6.55%
4.5% Senior Notes, due 2048 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)			4.50%	4.50%
2.5% Senior Notes, due 2029 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt face amount							$ 500,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)			2.50%				2.50%
3.25% Senior Notes, due 2049 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt face amount							$ 600,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)			3.25%				3.25%
3.3% Senior Notes, due 2020 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt face amount					$ 700,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)					3.30%

Derivative Instruments - Narrat

Derivative Instruments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Revenue, Selling and general expenses
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Loss on undesignated derivative instruments	$ 9
Gain on undesignated derivative instruments	9
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Not designated as hedging instrument | Fair Value Hedging
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Notional amount of derivative	376	$ 460
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Not designated as hedging instrument | Fair Value Hedging | Prepaid and other current assets
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Notional amount of derivative	5	2
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Not designated as hedging instrument | Fair Value Hedging | Other current liabilities
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Notional amount of derivative	1	2
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Designated as hedging instrument | Cash Flow Hedges
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Notional amount of derivative	$ 498	489
Derivative maturity	24 months
Pre -tax gain expected to be reclassified within 12 months	$ 6
Cross currency swap | Net Investment Hedges
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Interest income, net	20	$ 10
Cross currency swap | Designated as hedging instrument | Net Investment Hedges
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Notional amount of derivative	1,000
Interest rate swap contracts | Designated as hedging instrument | Cash Flow Hedges
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Notional amount of derivative	$ 2,300

Derivative Instruments - Fair V

Derivative Instruments - Fair Value Amounts of Cash Flow Hedges (Details) - Designated as hedging instrument - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Cash Flow Hedges | Prepaid and other current assets
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Derivative, fair value, net	$ 7	$ 23
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Cash Flow Hedges | Other current liabilities
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Derivative, fair value, net	0	2
Interest rate swap contracts | Cash Flow Hedges | Other non-current liabilities
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Derivative, fair value, net	270	0
Cross currency swap | Net Investment Hedges | Other non-current liabilities
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Derivative, fair value, net	$ 17	$ 107

Derivative Instruments - Pre-ta

Derivative Instruments - Pre-tax Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (effective portion)	$ (214)	$ 12	$ (2)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), after Reclassification, Tax	(68)	5	0
Designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange forward contracts | Cash Flow Hedges
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (effective portion)	(11)	17	(2)
Designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange forward contracts | Cash Flow Hedges | Revenue, Selling and general expenses
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income (effective portion)	19	2	5
Designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate swap contracts | Cash Flow Hedges
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (effective portion)	(270)	0	0
Designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate swap contracts | Cash Flow Hedges | Interest expense, net
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), after Reclassification, Tax	0	0	0
Designated as hedging instrument | Cross currency swap | Net Investment Hedges
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (effective portion)	84	(97)	(10)
Gain (Loss) recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (effective portion)	$ (5)	$ 0	$ 0

Derivative Instruments - Change

Derivative Instruments - Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) in AOCI (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 571	$ 536	$ 684
Change in fair value, net of tax	(205)
Reclassification into earnings, net of tax	1
Ending Balance	2,107	571	536
Cash Flow Hedges
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	14	2	4
Change in fair value, net of tax	11	14	3
Reclassification into earnings, net of tax	(19)	(2)	(5)
Ending Balance	6	14	2
Net Investment Hedges
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(81)	(8)	0
Change in fair value, net of tax	59	(73)	(8)
Reclassification into earnings, net of tax	5	0	0
Ending Balance	(17)	(81)	(8)
Interest rate swap contracts
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	0	0	0
Change in fair value, net of tax	(203)	0	0
Reclassification into earnings, net of tax	0	0	0
Ending Balance	$ (203)	$ 0	$ 0

Employee Benefits - Benefit Obl

Employee Benefits - Benefit Obligation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$ 2,243
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	2,231	$ 2,243
Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets:
Non-current assets	359	297
Non-current liabilities	(262)	(291)
Retirement Plans
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Net benefit obligation at beginning of year	2,220	1,945
Service cost	4	4	$ 3
Interest cost	40	52	64
Plan participants’ contributions	0	0
Actuarial loss	(55)	269
Gross benefits paid	(77)	(76)
Foreign currency effect	(10)	26
Other adjustments	0	0
Net benefit obligation at end of year	2,122	2,220	1,945
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	2,243	1,960
Actual return on plan assets	58	327
Employer contributions	11	12
Plan participants’ contributions	0	0
Gross benefits paid	(77)	(76)
Foreign currency effect	(4)	20
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	2,231	2,243	1,960
Funded status	109	23
Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets:
Non-current assets	359	297
Current liabilities	(10)	(10)
Non-current liabilities	(240)	(264)
Total amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets	109	23
Accumulated benefit obligation	2,110	2,204
Plans with accumulated benefit obligation in excess of the fair value of plan assets:
Projected benefit obligation	250	274
Accumulated benefit obligation	238	258
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Net actuarial loss (gain)	350	373
Prior service credit	2	2
Total recognized	352	375
Postretirement Plans
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Net benefit obligation at beginning of year	36	38
Service cost	0	0	0
Interest cost	1	1	1
Plan participants’ contributions	2	2
Actuarial loss	(2)	1
Gross benefits paid	(5)	(6)
Foreign currency effect	0	0
Other adjustments	(4)	0
Net benefit obligation at end of year	28	36	38
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	9	13
Actual return on plan assets	0	0
Employer contributions	0	0
Plan participants’ contributions	2	2
Gross benefits paid	(5)	(6)
Foreign currency effect	0	0
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	6	9	$ 13
Funded status	(22)	(27)
Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets:
Non-current assets	0	0
Current liabilities	0	0
Non-current liabilities	(22)	(27)
Total amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets	(22)	(27)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Net actuarial loss (gain)	(36)	(37)
Prior service credit	(14)	(12)
Total recognized	$ (50)	$ (49)

Employee Benefits - Narrative (

Employee Benefits - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021USD ($)trustshares	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)shares	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Total cost for retirement plans	$ 93	$ 91	$ 187
Settlement charge			113
Defined contribution plan cost	86	80	73
Pension trust assets	$ 2,231	2,243
U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of pension trust accounts | trust	1
Pension trust assets	$ 1,600	$ 1,630
Stock purchased by US plan under defined contribution plan (shares) | shares	107,651	296,921
Stock sold by US plan under defined contribution plan (shares) | shares	160,415	331,088
Stock held by the US plan under defined contribution plan (shares) | shares	1,200,000	1,300,000
Market value of stock held by the US plan under defined contribution plan	$ 567	$ 414
S&P Global Inc. dividends received	$ 3.8	3
U.S. | Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	92.00%
U.S. | Domestic equities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	4.00%
U.S. | International equities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	2.00%
U.S. | Cash and cash equivalents
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	2.00%
U.K.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of pension trust accounts | trust	1
Pension trust assets	$ 631	613
U.K. | Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	55.00%
U.K. | Diversified growth funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	15.00%
U.K. | Infrastructure
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	15.00%
U.K. | Equities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	8.00%
U.K. | Real estate
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	7.00%
Retirement Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Other components of net periodic benefit cost	$ (36)	(26)	84
Settlement charge	(2)	(2)	(85)
Expected required employer contribution	$ 11
Number of pension trust accounts | trust	2
Pension trust assets	$ 2,231	2,243	1,960
Retirement Plans | U.K.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Other components of net periodic benefit cost	(22)	(17)	(14)
Postretirement Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Other components of net periodic benefit cost	(2)	(2)	(2)
Settlement charge	0	0	0
Expected required employer contribution	3
Pension trust assets	$ 6	$ 9	$ 13

Employee Benefits - Net Periodi

Employee Benefits - Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Components of net periodic cost for retirement plans and post-retirement plans
Settlement charge	$ (3)	$ (3)	$ (113)
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax
Settlement charge			113
Total recognized	(23)	23	(102)
Non-Cash settlement charge of unamortized actuarial loss, before tax	3	3
Retirement Plans
Components of net periodic cost for retirement plans and post-retirement plans
Service cost	4	4	3
Interest cost	40	52	64
Expected return on assets	(104)	(102)	(108)
Actuarial loss (gain)	21	17	12
Prior service credit	0	0	0
Net periodic benefit cost	(39)	(29)	(29)
Settlement charge	3	3	113
Net periodic benefit cost	(36)	(26)	84
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax
Net actuarial loss (gain)	(6)	28	(10)
Recognized actuarial (gain) loss	(15)	(9)	(10)
Prior service cost	0	0	0
Settlement charge	(2)	(2)	(85)
Total recognized	(23)	17	(105)
Postretirement Plans
Components of net periodic cost for retirement plans and post-retirement plans
Service cost	0	0	0
Interest cost	1	1	1
Expected return on assets	0	0	0
Actuarial loss (gain)	(2)	(2)	(2)
Prior service credit	(1)	(1)	(1)
Net periodic benefit cost	(2)	(2)	(2)
Settlement charge	0	0	0
Net periodic benefit cost	(2)	(2)	(2)
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax
Net actuarial loss (gain)	(1)	1	0
Recognized actuarial (gain) loss	1	2	1
Prior service cost	(1)	1	1
Settlement charge	0	0	0
Total recognized	$ (1)	$ 4	$ 2

Employee Benefits - Assumptions

Employee Benefits - Assumptions (Details)	Jan. 01, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Retirement Plans
Benefit obligation:
Discount rate (as a percent)		3.05%	2.75%	3.45%
Net periodic cost:
Return on assets (as a percent)		5.00%	5.50%	6.00%
Retirement Plans | U.S.
Net periodic cost:
Discount rate (as a percent)		2.75%	3.45%	4.40%
Return on assets (as a percent)		5.00%
Retirement Plans | U.S. | Subsequent event
Net periodic cost:
Return on assets (as a percent)	4.00%
Retirement Plans | U.K.
Net periodic cost:
Discount rate (as a percent)		1.36%	1.92%	2.72%
Return on assets (as a percent)		5.50%
Retirement Plans | U.K. | Subsequent event
Net periodic cost:
Return on assets (as a percent)	5.00%
Postretirement Plans
Benefit obligation:
Discount rate (as a percent)		2.72%	2.20%	3.08%
Net periodic cost:
Weighted-average healthcare cost rate (as a percent)			6.00%	6.50%
Postretirement Plans | U.S.
Net periodic cost:
Discount rate (as a percent)		2.20%	3.08%	4.15%

Employee Benefits - Cash Flows

Employee Benefits - Cash Flows (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021USD ($)
Retirement Plans
Information about the expected cash flows for retirement and post-retirement plans and impact of the Medicare subsidy
2022	$ 70
2023	73
2024	75
2025	79
2026	82
2027-2031	447
Postretirement Plans
Information about the expected cash flows for retirement and post-retirement plans and impact of the Medicare subsidy
2022	3
2023	3
2024	3
2025	3
2026	2
2027-2031	$ 8

Employee Benefits - Fair Value

Employee Benefits - Fair Value of Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	$ 2,231	$ 2,243
Total
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	1,572	1,566
Level 1
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	12	54
Level 2
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	1,516	1,474
Level 3
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	44	38
Common collective trust funds measured at net asset value as a practical expedient
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	659	677
Cash and short-term investments | Total
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	6	4
Cash and short-term investments | Level 1
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	6	4
Cash and short-term investments | Level 2
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Cash and short-term investments | Level 3
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
U.S. indexes | Total
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	6	9
U.S. indexes | Level 1
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	6	9
U.S. indexes | Level 2
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
U.S. indexes | Level 3
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
U.S. growth and value | Total
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets		41
U.S. growth and value | Level 1
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets		41
U.S. growth and value | Level 2
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets		0
U.S. growth and value | Level 3
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets		0
Long duration strategy | Total
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	1,376	1,339
Long duration strategy | Level 1
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Long duration strategy | Level 2
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	1,376	1,339
Long duration strategy | Level 3
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Intermediate duration securities | Total
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	59	57
Intermediate duration securities | Level 1
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Intermediate duration securities | Level 2
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	59	57
Intermediate duration securities | Level 3
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Real Estate: U.K. | Total
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	44	38
Real Estate: U.K. | Level 1
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Real Estate: U.K. | Level 2
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Real Estate: U.K. | Level 3
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	44	38
Infrastructure: U.K. | Total
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	81	78
Infrastructure: U.K. | Level 1
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Infrastructure: U.K. | Level 2
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets	81	78
Infrastructure: U.K. | Level 3
Fair value of defined benefit plans assets by asset class
Fair value of plan assets		$ 0

Employee Benefits - Level 3 Rol

Employee Benefits - Level 3 Roll Forward of Fair Value of Plan Assets (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021USD ($)
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets, Level 3 Reconciliation [Roll Forward]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$ 2,243
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	2,231
Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets, Level 3 Reconciliation [Roll Forward]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	38
Distributions	(2)
Gain (loss)	8
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	$ 44

Stock-Based Compensation - Narr

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Director deferred stock ownership plan amount to be credited to deferred stock accounts (as a percent)	50.00%
Share delivery term if elected	5 years
Stock options granted (shares)	0	0	0
Total fair value of stock options vested (less than)	$ 1	$ 2	$ 3
Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Service period	4 years
Award expiration period	10 years
Award vesting period	4 years
Stock Options | More than half
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award cost recognition period	12 months
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	50.00%
Stock Options | Approximately one-quarter
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award cost recognition period	24 months
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	25.00%
Stock Options | Approximately one-tenth
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award cost recognition period	36 months
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	10.00%
Stock Options | Remaining
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award cost recognition period	48 months
Restricted Stock and Unit Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	3 years

Stock-Based Compensation - Sche

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Number of Common Shares Reserved for Issuance (Details) - shares shares in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for granting under the 2019 plan (in shares)	19.5	19.7
Options outstanding (shares)	0.3	0.5
Total shares reserved for issuance (in shares)	19.8	20.2
Total shares reserved for issuance (less than) (in shares)	19.8	20.2
Director Deferred Stock Ownership Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total shares reserved for issuance (in shares)	1	1
Total shares reserved for issuance (less than) (in shares)	1	1

Stock-Based Compensation - Sc_2

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock option expense	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1
Restricted stock and unit awards expense	122	90	77
Total stock-based compensation expense	122	90	78
Tax benefit	$ 20	$ 15	$ 13

Stock-Based Compensation - Sc_3

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Options, Outstanding, Shares
Beginning balance (shares)	500,000
Exercised (shares)	(200,000)
Forfeited and expired (less than) (shares)		100,000
Ending balance (shares)	300,000	500,000
Options exercisable (shares)	300,000
Weighted average exercise price
Beginning balance (USD per share)	$ 60.46
Exercised (USD per share)	283.56
Forfeited and expired (USD per share)	39.94
Ending balance (USD per share)	67.14	$ 60.46
Weighted-average exercise price, options exercisable (USD per share)	$ 67.14
Weighted-average remaining years of contractual term, Options outstanding	1 year 11 months 26 days
Weighted-average remaining years of contractual term, Options exercisable	1 year 11 months 26 days
Aggregate intrinsic value, options outstanding	$ 113
Aggregate intrinsic value, options exercisable	$ 113
Nonvested Options Outstanding
Beginning balance (shares)	0
Vested (less than) (shares)	100,000
Ending balance (less than) (shares)	0	0
Weighted-average years to be recognized over	0 years
Weighted-average grant-date fair value
Weighted-average grant-date fair value, Beginning balance (USD per share)	$ 111.96
Weighted-average grant-date fair value, vested (USD per share)	111.96
Weighted-average grant-date fair value, Beginning balance (USD per share)	$ 0	$ 111.96
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested options	$ 0

Stock-Based Compensation - Sc_4

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock Option Exercises (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Net cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options	$ 13	$ 16	$ 40
Total intrinsic value of stock option exercises	41	60	110
Income tax benefit realized from stock option exercises	$ 11	$ 13	$ 33

Stock-Based Compensation - Sc_5

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Restricted Stock and Unit Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Shares
Total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested options	$ 0
Weighted-average years to be recognized over	0 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Tax benefit relating to restricted stock activity	$ 20	$ 15	$ 13
Restricted Stock and Unit Awards
Shares
Beginning Balance (in shares)	0.6
Granted (in shares)	0.4
Vested (in shares)	(0.5)
Forfeited (in shares)	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	0.5	0.6
Total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested options	$ 101
Weighted-average years to be recognized over	1 year 8 months 12 days
Weighted-average grant-date fair value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 227.67
Granted (in dollars per share)	296.49	$ 232.92	$ 187.40
Vested (in dollars per share)	219.85
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	263.18
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	299.28	227.67
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Weighted-average grant-date fair value per award (in dollars per share)	$ 296.49	$ 232.92	$ 187.40
Total fair value of restricted stock and unit awards vested	$ 243	$ 134	$ 153
Tax benefit relating to restricted stock activity	$ 48	$ 26	$ 29

Equity - Capital Stock (Details

Equity - Capital Stock (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Jan. 26, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Preferred stock authorized (shares)		2,000,000
Par value of preferred stock (USD per share)		$ 1
Preferred stock issued (shares)		0
Dividend history
Quarterly dividend rate (USD per share)		$ 0.77	$ 0.67	$ 0.57
Annualized dividend rate (USD per share)		$ 3.08	$ 2.68	$ 2.28
Dividends paid		$ 743	$ 645	$ 560
Subsequent event
Dividend history
Quarterly dividend rate (USD per share)	$ 0.77

Equity - Stock Repurchases (Det

Equity - Stock Repurchases (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021USD ($)transactionshares	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)shares	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)shares	Jan. 29, 2020shares	Dec. 04, 2013shares
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
ARS agreement transactions | transaction			2
Total cash utilized | $			$ 0	$ 1,164	$ 1,240
Accelerated Share Repurchases, October 2018, Received Subsequently
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchased during period (shares)					400,000
Accelerated Share Repurchases, October 2018
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchased during period (shares)					5,900,000
Total cash utilized | $					$ 1,240
2020 Repurchase Program
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized to be repurchased (shares)						30,000,000
Shares authorized to be repurchased as percentage of outstanding common stock						12.00%
Remaining shares available under repurchase program (shares)			30,000,000
2013 Repurchase Program
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized to be repurchased (shares)							50,000,000
Shares authorized to be repurchased as percentage of outstanding common stock							18.00%
Remaining shares available under repurchase program (shares)			800,000
Stock Repurchases
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchased during period (shares)				4,000,000
Total cash utilized | $		$ 3		$ 1,161
Stock Repurchases, subsequently settled
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Total cash utilized | $	$ 1,164

Equity - Accelerated Share Repu

Equity - Accelerated Share Repurchase Program (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	Jul. 27, 2020	Oct. 01, 2019	Feb. 29, 2020	Aug. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Total cash utilized					$ 0	$ 1,164	$ 1,240
Capped ASR, February 2020
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Average price paid per share (USD per share)							$ 292.13
Total cash utilized							$ 500
Uncapped ASR, February 2020
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Average price paid per share (USD per share)							$ 292.13
Total cash utilized							$ 500
Percentage of authorized amount repurchased							85.00%
Capped ASR, August 2019
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Average price paid per share (USD per share)								$ 253.36
Total cash utilized								$ 500
Uncapped ASR, February 2019
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Average price paid per share (USD per share)								$ 214.65
Total cash utilized							$ 500	$ 500
Percentage of authorized amount repurchased							85.00%
Initial Award | Capped ASR, February 2020
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Total number of shares purchased (shares)							1.3
Initial Award | Uncapped ASR, February 2020
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Total number of shares purchased (shares)							1.4
Initial Award | Capped ASR, August 2019
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Total number of shares purchased (shares)								1.7
Initial Award | Uncapped ASR, February 2019
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Total number of shares purchased (shares)								2.2
Additional Award | Capped ASR, February 2020
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Total number of shares purchased (shares)	0.2		0.2				0.4
Additional Award | Uncapped ASR, February 2020
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Total number of shares purchased (shares)	0.3						0.3
Additional Award | Capped ASR, August 2019
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Total number of shares purchased (shares)		0.1		0.2				0.3
Additional Award | Uncapped ASR, February 2019
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Total number of shares purchased (shares)	0.1							0.1
Completed Award | Capped ASR, February 2020
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Total number of shares purchased (shares)							1.7
Completed Award | Uncapped ASR, February 2020
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Total number of shares purchased (shares)							1.7
Completed Award | Capped ASR, August 2019
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Total number of shares purchased (shares)								2
Completed Award | Uncapped ASR, February 2019
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Total number of shares purchased (shares)								2.3

Equity - Schedule of Share Repu

Equity - Schedule of Share Repurchases (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Payments for Repurchase of Common Stock	$ 0	$ 1,164	$ 1,240
Open market purchases
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Total number of shares purchased (shares)		0.5	1.2
Average price paid per share (USD per share)		$ 295.40	$ 208.83
Payments for Repurchase of Common Stock		$ 161	$ 240

Equity - Redeemable Noncontroll

Equity - Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021USD ($)
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Interest in joint venture minimum (as a percent)	20.00%
Change in control period	15 days
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest [Roll Forward]
Balance as of December 31, 2020	$ 2,781
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	215
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	(198)
Redemption value adjustment	631
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$ 3,429
CME Group
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Noncontrolling interest ownership by noncontrolling owners (as a percent)	27.00%

Equity - Accumulated Other Comp

Equity - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 571	$ 536	$ 684
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(205)
Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net earnings	1
Net other comprehensive gain (loss) income	(204)
Ending Balance	2,107	571	536
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans, tax	10	(8)	39
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(637)	(624)	(742)
Ending Balance	(841)	(637)	$ (624)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(323)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(18)
Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net earnings	5
Net other comprehensive gain (loss) income	(13)
Ending Balance	(336)	(323)
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(328)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	8
Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net earnings	15
Net other comprehensive gain (loss) income	23
Ending Balance	(305)	(328)
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans, tax		3
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	14
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(195)
Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net earnings	(19)
Net other comprehensive gain (loss) income	(214)
Ending Balance	$ (200)	$ 14

Earnings per Share - Summary (D

Earnings per Share - Summary (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Amount attributable to S&P Global Inc. common shareholders:
Net income	$ 3,024	$ 2,339	$ 2,123
Basic weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (shares)	240,800,000	241,000,000	245,400,000
Effect of stock options and other dilutive securities (shares)	1,000,000	1,100,000	1,500,000
Diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (shares)	241,800,000	242,100,000	246,900,000
Net income:
Basic (USD per share)	$ 12.56	$ 9.71	$ 8.65
Diluted (USD per share)	$ 12.51	$ 9.66	$ 8.60
Stock Options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive shares excluded from computation of diluted EPS (shares)	0	0	0
Restricted performance shares
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive shares excluded from computation of diluted EPS (shares)	500,000	400,000	400,000

Restructuring - Narrative (Deta

Restructuring - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021USD ($)position	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)position	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)
2021 Restructuring Plan
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Workforce reduction, positions | position	30
Initial Charge Recorded	$ 19,000,000
Reductions to restructuring reserve	0
2020 Restructuring Plan
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Workforce reduction, positions | position		830
Restructuring reserve reversed	8,000,000
Initial Charge Recorded	65,000,000	$ 65,000,000
Reductions to restructuring reserve	$ 45,000,000	7,000,000
2019 Restructuring Plan
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring reserve reversed		$ 7,000,000
Initial Charge Recorded			$ 25,000,000

Restructuring - Schedule of Ini

Restructuring - Schedule of Initial Restructuring Charge Recorded and the Ending Reserve Balance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
2021 Restructuring Plan
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Initial Charge Recorded	$ 19
Ending Reserve Balance	19
2021 Restructuring Plan | Operating segments | Ratings
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Initial Charge Recorded	3
Ending Reserve Balance	3
2021 Restructuring Plan | Operating segments | Market Intelligence
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Initial Charge Recorded	3
Ending Reserve Balance	3
2021 Restructuring Plan | Operating segments | Platts
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Initial Charge Recorded	0
Ending Reserve Balance	0
2021 Restructuring Plan | Operating segments | Indices
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Initial Charge Recorded	0
Ending Reserve Balance	0
2021 Restructuring Plan | Corporate
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Initial Charge Recorded	13
Ending Reserve Balance	13
2020 Restructuring Plan
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Initial Charge Recorded	65	$ 65
Ending Reserve Balance	13
2020 Restructuring Plan | Operating segments | Ratings
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Initial Charge Recorded	4
Ending Reserve Balance	1
2020 Restructuring Plan | Operating segments | Market Intelligence
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Initial Charge Recorded	27
Ending Reserve Balance	4
2020 Restructuring Plan | Operating segments | Platts
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Initial Charge Recorded	10
Ending Reserve Balance	4
2020 Restructuring Plan | Operating segments | Indices
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Initial Charge Recorded	5
Ending Reserve Balance	0
2020 Restructuring Plan | Corporate
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Initial Charge Recorded	19
Ending Reserve Balance	$ 4

Segment and Geographic Inform_3

Segment and Geographic Information - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	4
Maximum percentage of consolidated revenue represented by foreign countries (more than)	7.00%
Maximum percentage of consolidated revenue represented by single customer (more than)	10.00%

Segment and Geographic Inform_4

Segment and Geographic Information - Segment Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment information
Revenue	$ 8,297	$ 7,442	$ 6,699
Operating Profit	4,221	3,617	3,226
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions	11	16	49
Lease-related costs	124	144
Amortization of intangibles	96	123	122
Acquisition-related costs	2
Lease impairment charges	31	120	11
Ratings
Segment information
Lease-related costs		5
Operating segments
Segment information
Operating Profit	4,647	3,936	3,438
Operating segments | Ratings
Segment information
Revenue	4,097	3,606	3,106
Operating Profit	2,629	2,223	1,783
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions	6
Severance charges	3	4	11
Recovery of lease-related costs	4
Technology-related impairment charge		11
Amortization of intangibles	10	7	2
Operating segments | Market Intelligence
Segment information
Revenue	2,247	2,106	1,959
Operating Profit	703	589	566
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions	3	12
Severance charges	3	27	6
Lease-related costs	1	3
Amortization of intangibles	65	76	75
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions			22
Acquisition-related costs	2		4
Operating segments | Platts
Segment information
Revenue	950	878	844
Operating Profit	517	458	457
Severance charges		11	1
Recovery of lease-related costs	2
Lease-related costs		2
Amortization of intangibles	8	9	12
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions			27
Operating segments | Indices
Segment information
Revenue	1,149	989	918
Operating Profit	798	666	632
Severance charges		5
Recovery of lease-related costs	1
Technology-related impairment charge		2
Lease-related costs		1
Amortization of intangibles	6	6	6
Lease impairment charges		4
Intersegment Elimination
Segment information
Revenue	(146)	(137)	(128)
Corporate Unallocated expense
Segment information
Operating Profit	(426)	(319)	(212)
Pre-tax gain (loss) on dispositions	2
Severance charges	13	19	7
Lease-related costs	4
Amortization of intangibles	7	26	28
Lease impairment charges	3	116	11
Gain related to an acquisition		1
Non-cash acquisition and disposition-related costs/adjustments	2	12	$ 21
Corporate Unallocated expense | IHS Markit Ltd
Segment information
Acquisition-related costs	$ 249	$ 24

Segment and Geographic Inform_5

Segment and Geographic Information - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 8,297	$ 7,442	$ 6,699
Depreciation & Amortization	178	206	204
Capital Expenditures	35	76	115
Total Assets	15,026	12,537
Held for sale
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Assets	321	0
Services transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,322	2,031	1,625
Services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	5,975	5,411	5,074
Subscription
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	3,253	3,036	2,843
Non-subscription / Transaction
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,322	2,031	1,625
Non-transaction
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,698	1,500	1,408
Asset-linked fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	800	648	623
Sales usage-based royalties
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	224	227	200
Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Depreciation & Amortization	159	167	162
Capital Expenditures	34	72	103
Total Assets	7,008	7,206
Operating Segments | Ratings
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	4,097	3,606	3,106
Depreciation & Amortization	46	40	34
Capital Expenditures	18	33	41
Total Assets	1,248	1,088
Operating Segments | Ratings | Services transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,253	1,969	1,570
Operating Segments | Ratings | Services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,844	1,637	1,536
Operating Segments | Ratings | Subscription
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	0	0
Operating Segments | Ratings | Non-subscription / Transaction
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,253	1,969	1,570
Operating Segments | Ratings | Non-subscription / Transaction | Reclassification
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		(8)	(7)
Operating Segments | Ratings | Non-transaction
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,844	1,637	1,536
Operating Segments | Ratings | Non-transaction | Reclassification
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		8	7
Operating Segments | Ratings | Asset-linked fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	0	0
Operating Segments | Ratings | Sales usage-based royalties
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	0	0
Operating Segments | Market Intelligence
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,247	2,106	1,959
Depreciation & Amortization	91	101	99
Capital Expenditures	12	28	44
Total Assets	3,368	3,762
Operating Segments | Market Intelligence | Services transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	56	55	45
Operating Segments | Market Intelligence | Services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,191	2,051	1,914
Operating Segments | Market Intelligence | Subscription
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,191	2,050	1,904
Operating Segments | Market Intelligence | Non-subscription / Transaction
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	56	55	45
Operating Segments | Market Intelligence | Non-transaction
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	0	0
Operating Segments | Market Intelligence | Asset-linked fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	1	10
Operating Segments | Market Intelligence | Sales usage-based royalties
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	0	0
Operating Segments | Platts
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	950	878	844
Depreciation & Amortization	12	17	21
Capital Expenditures	2	7	13
Total Assets	891	913
Operating Segments | Platts | Services transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	13	7	10
Operating Segments | Platts | Services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	937	871	834
Operating Segments | Platts | Subscription
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	871	809	774
Operating Segments | Platts | Non-subscription / Transaction
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	13	7	10
Operating Segments | Platts | Non-transaction
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	0	0
Operating Segments | Platts | Asset-linked fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	0	0
Operating Segments | Platts | Sales usage-based royalties
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	66	62	60
Operating Segments | Indices
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,149	989	918
Depreciation & Amortization	10	9	8
Capital Expenditures	2	4	5
Total Assets	1,501	1,443
Operating Segments | Indices | Services transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	0	0
Operating Segments | Indices | Services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,149	989	918
Operating Segments | Indices | Subscription
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	191	177	165
Operating Segments | Indices | Non-subscription / Transaction
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	0	0
Operating Segments | Indices | Non-transaction
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	0	0
Operating Segments | Indices | Asset-linked fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	800	647	613
Operating Segments | Indices | Sales usage-based royalties
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	158	165	140
Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Depreciation & Amortization	19	39	42
Capital Expenditures	1	4	12
Total Assets	7,697	5,331
Elimination
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	(146)	(137)	(128)
Elimination | Services transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	0	0
Elimination | Services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	(146)	(137)	(128)
Elimination | Subscription
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	0	0
Elimination | Non-subscription / Transaction
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	0	0
Elimination | Non-transaction
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	(146)	(137)	(128)
Elimination | Asset-linked fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	0	0
Elimination | Sales usage-based royalties
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Segment and Geographic Inform_6

Segment and Geographic Information - Geographic Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 8,297	$ 7,442	$ 6,699
Long-lived Assets	$ 5,323	$ 5,429
Geographic concentration | Revenue
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk (as a percent)	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Geographic concentration | Long-lived Assets
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk (as a percent)	100.00%	100.00%
U.S.
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 5,012	$ 4,504	$ 3,976
Long-lived Assets	$ 4,733	$ 4,787
U.S. | Geographic concentration | Revenue
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk (as a percent)	60.00%	61.00%	59.00%
U.S. | Geographic concentration | Long-lived Assets
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk (as a percent)	89.00%	88.00%
European region
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 1,995	$ 1,769	$ 1,659
Long-lived Assets	$ 463	$ 496
European region | Geographic concentration | Revenue
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk (as a percent)	24.00%	24.00%	25.00%
European region | Geographic concentration | Long-lived Assets
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk (as a percent)	9.00%	9.00%
Asia
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 874	$ 782	$ 710
Long-lived Assets	$ 85	$ 102
Asia | Geographic concentration | Revenue
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk (as a percent)	11.00%	10.00%	11.00%
Asia | Geographic concentration | Long-lived Assets
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk (as a percent)	2.00%	2.00%
Rest of the world
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 416	$ 387	$ 354
Long-lived Assets	$ 42	$ 44
Rest of the world | Geographic concentration | Revenue
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk (as a percent)	5.00%	5.00%	5.00%
Rest of the world | Geographic concentration | Long-lived Assets
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk (as a percent)	0.00%	1.00%

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Lease impairment charges	$ 31	$ 120	$ 11
VIX Matter
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Litigation settlement, amount awarded to other party		9
CME Group
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Noncontrolling interest ownership by noncontrolling owners (as a percent)	27.00%
S&P/DJ Indices | CME Group
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Noncontrolling interest ownership by noncontrolling owners (as a percent)	27.00%
S&P/DJ Indices | CME Group
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Revenues earned under license agreement	$ 139	$ 149	$ 114

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies - Location and Amounts of Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Assets
Right of use assets	$ 426	$ 494
Liabilities
Other current liabilities	96	100
Lease liabilities – non-current	$ 492	$ 544
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other Liabilities, Current	Other Liabilities, Current

Commitments and Contingencies_3

Commitments and Contingencies - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 124	$ 144
Sublease income	(2)	(6)
Total lease cost	$ 122	$ 138

Commitments and Contingencies_4

Commitments and Contingencies - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement for operating lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$ 127	$ 137
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations
Operating leases	$ 29	$ 8

Commitments and Contingencies_5

Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Term and Discount Rate (Details)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	8 years 3 months 18 days	8 years 6 months
Weighted-average discount rate	3.59%	3.78%

Commitments and Contingencies_6

Commitments and Contingencies - Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2022	$ 114
2023	94
2024	75
2025	67
2026	63
2027 and beyond	269
Total undiscounted lease payments	682
Less: Imputed interest	94
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 588

Schedule II - Valuation and Q_2

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Details) - Allowance for doubtful accounts - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Valuation Allowances [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 30	$ 34	$ 34
Net charges to income	14	24	17
Deductions and other	(18)	(28)	(17)
Balance at end of year	$ 26	$ 30	$ 34