3M (MMM) 10-K 4 Feb 21 2020 FY Annual report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2020
Document Information
Entity Registrant Name	3M COMPANY
Entity Central Index Key	0000066740
Document Type	10-K
Document Transition Report	false
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2020
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity File Number	1-3285
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	41-0417775
Entity Address, Address Line One	3M Center
Entity Address, City or Town	St. Paul
Entity Address, State or Province	MN
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	55144
City Area Code	651
Local Phone Number	733-1110
Entity Well Known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float		$ 101.7	$ 89.9
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		579.1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Common Stock | New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
Document Information
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, Par Value $.01 Per Share
Trading Symbol	MMM
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Common Stock | Chicago Stock Exchange, Inc.
Document Information
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, Par Value $.01 Per Share
Trading Symbol	MMM
Security Exchange Name	CHX
0.375% Notes due 2022 | New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
Document Information
Title of 12(b) Security	0.375% Notes due 2022
Trading Symbol	MMM22A
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
0.950% Notes due 2023 | New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
Document Information
Title of 12(b) Security	0.950% Notes due 2023
Trading Symbol	MMM23
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
1.500% Notes due 2026 | New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
Document Information
Title of 12(b) Security	1.500% Notes due 2026
Trading Symbol	MMM26
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
1.750% Notes due 2030 | New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
Document Information
Title of 12(b) Security	1.750% Notes due 2030
Trading Symbol	MMM30
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
1.500% Notes due 2031 | New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
Document Information
Title of 12(b) Security	1.500% Notes due 2031
Trading Symbol	MMM31
Security Exchange Name	NYSE

Consolidated Statement of Incom

Consolidated Statement of Income - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Consolidated Statement of Income
Net sales	$ 32,184	$ 32,136	$ 32,765
Operating expenses
Cost of sales	16,605	17,136	16,682
Selling, general and administrative expenses	6,929	7,029	7,602
Research, development and related expenses	1,878	1,911	1,821
Gain on sale of businesses	(389)	(114)	(547)
Total operating expenses	25,023	25,962	25,558
Operating income	7,161	6,174	7,207
Interest expense and income
Other expense (income), net	450	462	207
Income before income taxes	6,711	5,712	7,000
Provision for income taxes	1,318	1,130	1,637
Income of consolidated group	5,393	4,582	5,363
Income (loss) from unconsolidated subsidiaries, net of taxes	(5)
Net income including noncontrolling interest	5,388	4,582	5,363
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	4	12	14
Net income attributable to 3M	$ 5,384	$ 4,570	$ 5,349
Weighted average 3M common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	577.6	577	588.5
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - basic (in dollars per share)	$ 9.32	$ 7.92	$ 9.09
Weighted average 3M common shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	582.2	585.1	602
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 9.25	$ 7.81	$ 8.89

Consolidated Statement of Compr

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Net income including noncontrolling interest	$ 5,388	$ 4,582	$ 5,363
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Cumulative translation adjustment	447	211	(467)
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment	171	(560)	444
Cash flow hedging instruments			176
Cash flow hedging instruments	(142)	(72)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	476	(421)	153
Comprehensive income (loss) including noncontrolling interest	5,864	4,161	5,516
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(2)	(11)	(8)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to 3M	$ 5,862	$ 4,150	$ 5,508

Consolidated Balance Sheet

Consolidated Balance Sheet - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 4,634	$ 2,353
Marketable securities - current	404	98
Accounts receivable - net of allowances of $233 and $161	4,705	4,791
Inventories
Finished goods	2,081	2,003
Work in process	1,226	1,194
Raw materials and supplies	932	937
Total inventories	4,239	4,134
Prepaids	675	704
Other current assets	325	891
Total current assets	14,982	12,971
Property, plant and equipment	26,650	26,124
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(17,229)	(16,791)
Property, plant and equipment - net	9,421	9,333
Operating lease right of use assets	864	858
Goodwill	13,802	13,444
Intangible assets - net	5,835	6,379
Other assets	2,440	1,674
Total assets	47,344	44,659
Current liabilities
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt	806	2,795
Accounts payable	2,561	2,228
Accrued payroll	747	702
Accrued income taxes	300	194
Operating lease liabilities - current	256	247
Other current liabilities	3,278	3,056
Total current liabilities	7,948	9,222
Long-term debt	17,989	17,518
Pension and postretirement benefits	4,405	3,911
Operating lease liabilities	609	607
Other liabilities	3,462	3,275
Total liabilities	34,413	34,533
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
3M Company shareholders' equity:
Common stock par value, $.01 par value; 944,033,056 shares issued; Shares outstanding - December 31, 2020: 577,749,638; Shares outstanding - December 31, 2019: 575,184,835	9	9
Additional paid-in capital	6,162	5,907
Retained earnings	43,761	42,135
Treasury stock, at cost:	(29,404)	(29,849)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(7,661)	(8,139)
Total 3M Company shareholders' equity	12,867	10,063
Noncontrolling interest	64	63
Total equity	12,931	10,126
Total liabilities and equity	$ 47,344	$ 44,659

Consolidated Balance Sheet (Par

Consolidated Balance Sheet (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Consolidated Balance Sheet
Allowances for doubtful accounts receivable	$ 233	$ 161
Common stock, par value per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	944,033,056	944,033,056
Common stock, Shares outstanding (in shares)	577,749,638	575,184,835

Consolidated Statement of Chang

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity - USD ($) $ in Millions	Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained EarningsCumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock	Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Noncontrolling Interest	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Total
Balance at the beginning of the period at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 5,361		$ 39,115	$ (25,887)		$ (7,026)	$ 59		$ 11,622
Increase (decrease) in equity
Net income			5,349				14		5,363
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Cumulative translation adjustment						(461)	(6)		(467)
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment						444			444
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized gain (loss)						176			176
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax									153
Dividends declared			(3,193)						(3,193)
Transfer of ownership involving non-wholly owned subsidiaries			14			1	(15)
Stock-based compensation	291								291
Reacquired stock				(4,888)					(4,888)
Issuances pursuant to stock option and benefit plans			(649)	1,149					500
Balance at the end of the period (ASU 2018-02 Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income) at Dec. 31, 2018		$ 853			$ (853)
Balance at the end of the period (ASU 2016-02 Leases) at Dec. 31, 2018		$ 14						$ 14
Balance at the end of the period at Dec. 31, 2018	5,652		40,636	(29,626)		(6,866)	52		9,848
Increase (decrease) in equity
Net income			4,570				12		4,582
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Cumulative translation adjustment						212	(1)		211
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment						(560)			(560)
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized gain (loss)						(72)			(72)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax									(421)
Dividends declared			(3,316)						(3,316)
Stock-based compensation	264								264
Reacquired stock				(1,381)					(1,381)
Issuances pursuant to stock option and benefit plans			(622)	1,158					536
Balance at the end of the period at Dec. 31, 2019	5,916		42,135	(29,849)		(8,139)	63		10,126
Increase (decrease) in equity
Net income			5,384				4		5,388
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Cumulative translation adjustment						449	(2)		447
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment						171			171
Cash flow hedging instruments - unrealized gain (loss)						(142)			(142)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax									476
Dividends declared			(3,388)						(3,388)
Purchase of non-controlling interest							(1)		(1)
Stock-based compensation	255								255
Reacquired stock				(358)					(358)
Issuances pursuant to stock option and benefit plans			(370)	803					433
Balance at the end of the period at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 6,171		$ 43,761	$ (29,404)		$ (7,661)	$ 64		$ 12,931

Consolidated Statement of Cha_2

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
Dividends declared in current period (in dollars per share)	$ 1.47	$ 1.47	$ 1.47	$ 1.47	$ 1.44	$ 1.44	$ 1.44	$ 1.44	$ 1.36	$ 1.36	$ 1.36	$ 1.36	$ 5.88	$ 5.76	$ 5.44

Supplemental Share Information

Supplemental Share Information - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Supplemental Share Information Treasury Stock
Treasury Stock, Shares, Beginning Balance	368,848,221	367,457,888	349,148,819
Reacquired stock	2,286,109	7,575,647	23,526,293
Issuances pursuant to stock options and benefit plans	(4,850,912)	(6,185,314)	(5,217,224)
Treasury Stock, Shares, Ending Balance	366,283,418	368,848,221	367,457,888

Consolidated Statement of Cash

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income including noncontrolling interest	$ 5,388	$ 4,582	$ 5,363
Adjustments to reconcile net income including noncontrolling interest to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	1,911	1,593	1,488
Company pension and postretirement contributions	(156)	(210)	(370)
Company pension and postretirement expense	406	357	410
Stock-based compensation expense	262	278	302
Gain on sale of businesses	(389)	(111)	(545)
Deferred income taxes	(165)	(273)	(57)
Loss on deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary		162
Changes in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	165	345	(305)
Inventories	(91)	370	(509)
Accounts payable	252	(117)	408
Accrued income taxes (current and long-term)	132	205	134
Other - net	398	(111)	120
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	8,113	7,070	6,439
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchases of property, plant and equipment (PP&E)	(1,501)	(1,699)	(1,577)
Proceeds from sale of PP&E and other assets	128	123	262
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(25)	(4,984)	13
Purchases of marketable securities and investments	(1,579)	(1,635)	(1,828)
Proceeds from maturities and sale of marketable securities and investments	1,811	1,443	2,497
Proceeds from sale of businesses, net of cash sold	576	236	846
Other - net	10	72	9
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(580)	(6,444)	222
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Change in short-term debt - net	(143)	(316)	(284)
Repayment of debt (maturities greater than 90 days)	(3,482)	(2,716)	(1,034)
Proceeds from debt (maturities greater than 90 days)	1,750	6,281	2,251
Purchases of treasury stock	(368)	(1,407)	(4,870)
Proceeds from issuance of treasury stock pursuant to stock option and benefit plans	429	547	485
Dividends paid to shareholders	(3,388)	(3,316)	(3,193)
Other - net	(98)	(197)	(56)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(5,300)	(1,124)	(6,701)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	48	(2)	(160)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	2,281	(500)	(200)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	2,353	2,853	3,053
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 4,634	$ 2,353	$ 2,853

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Significant Accounting Policies
Significant Accounting Policies	NOTE 1. Significant Accounting Policies ​ Consolidation: ​ Basis of presentation: ​ As described in Note 19, effective in the first quarter of 2020, the Company changed its business segment reporting in its continuing effort to improve the alignment of businesses around markets and customers. Additionally, the Company consolidated the way it presents geographic area net sales by providing an aggregate Americas geographic region (combining former United States and Latin America and Canada areas). Also, effective in the second quarter of 2020, the measure of segment operating performance used by 3M’s chief operating decision maker changed and, as a result, the Company’s disclosed measure of segment profit/loss has been updated. Information provided herein reflects the impact of these changes for all periods presented. ​ Foreign currency translation: ​ 3M had a consolidating subsidiary in Venezuela, the financial statements of which were remeasured as if its functional currency were that of its parent because Venezuela’s economic environment is considered highly inflationary. The operating income of this subsidiary was immaterial as a percent of 3M’s consolidated operating income for the periods presented. In light of circumstances, including the country’s unstable environment and heightened unrest leading to sustained lack of demand, and expectation that these circumstances will continue for the foreseeable future, during May 2019, 3M concluded it no longer met the criteria of control in order to continue consolidating its Venezuelan operations. As a result, as of ​ Use of estimates: ​ Cash and cash equivalents: ​ Marketable securities: availability for use in current operations. 3M reviews impairments associated with its marketable securities in accordance with the measurement guidance provided by ASC 320, Investments-Debt Securities and ASC 326-30, Available-for-Sale Debt Securities, when determining whether a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis has resulted from a credit loss or other factors. An impairment relating to credit losses is recorded through an allowance for credit losses. The allowance is limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. A change in the allowance for credit losses is recorded into earnings in the period of the change. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recorded through accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of shareholders’ equity. The factors considered in determining whether a credit loss exists can include the extent to which fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, changes in the credit quality of the underlying loan obligors, credit ratings actions, as well as other factors. When a credit loss exists, the Company compares the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the debt security with the amortized cost basis of the security to determine what allowance amount, if any, should be recorded. Amounts are reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income and into earnings upon sale or a change in the portions of impairment related to credit losses and not related to credit losses. ​ Investments: ​ Other assets: ​ Inventories: ​ Property, plant and equipment: ten twenty three five ​ Conditional asset retirement obligations: ​ Goodwill: tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. Impairment testing for goodwill is done at a reporting unit level, with all goodwill assigned to a reporting unit. Reporting units are one level below the business segment level, but are required to be combined when reporting units within the same segment have similar economic characteristics. 3M did not combine any of its reporting units for impairment testing. The impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying value of the reporting unit’s net assets exceeds its estimated fair value, not to exceed the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The estimated fair value of a reporting unit is determined using earnings for the reporting unit multiplied by a price/earnings ratio for comparable industry groups or by using a discounted cash flow analysis. Companies have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the fair value of a reporting unit is not “more likely than not” less than its carrying amount, which is commonly referred to as “Step 0”. 3M has chosen not to apply Step 0 for its annual goodwill assessments. ​ Intangible assets: four ten seven four six five ​ Intangible assets with a definite life are tested for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset (asset group) may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds the estimated undiscounted cash flows from the asset’s or asset group’s ongoing use and eventual disposition. If an impairment is identified, the amount of the impairment loss recorded is calculated by the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. Fair value is generally determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. ​ Intangible assets with an indefinite life, namely certain tradenames, are not amortized. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually, and are tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. An impairment loss would be recognized when the fair value is less than the carrying value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset. ​ Restructuring actions: ​ Revenue (sales) recognition: ​ The Company recognizes revenue in light of the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, Revenue from Contracts with when legal title, physical possession and risks and rewards of goods/services transfers to the customer. In limited arrangements, control transfers over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as 3M completes the performance obligation(s). ​ Revenue is recognized at the transaction price which the Company expects to be entitled. When determining the transaction price, 3M estimates variable consideration applying the portfolio approach practical expedient under ASC 606. The main sources of variable consideration for 3M are customer rebates, trade promotion funds, and cash discounts. These sales incentives are recorded as a reduction to revenue at the time of the initial sale using the most-likely amount estimation method. The most-likely amount method is based on the single most likely outcome from a range of possible consideration outcomes. The range of possible consideration outcomes are primarily derived from the following inputs: sales terms, historical experience, trend analysis, and projected market conditions in the various markets served. Because 3M serves numerous markets, the sales incentive programs offered vary across businesses, but the most common incentive relates to amounts paid or credited to customers for achieving defined volume levels or growth objectives. There are no material instances where variable consideration is constrained and not recorded at the initial time of sale. Free goods are accounted for as an expense and recorded in cost of sales. Product returns are recorded as a reduction to revenue based on anticipated sales returns that occur in the normal course of business. 3M primarily has assurance-type warranties that do not result in separate performance obligations. Sales, use, value-added, and other excise taxes are not recognized in revenue. The Company has elected to present revenue net of sales taxes and other similar taxes. ​ For substantially all arrangements recognized over time, the Company applies the “right to invoice” practical expedient. As a result, 3M recognizes revenue at the invoice amount when the entity has a right to invoice a customer at an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the Company’s performance completed to date. ​ For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using 3M’s best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. ​ The Company did not recognize any material revenue in the current reporting period for performance obligations that were fully satisfied in previous periods. ​ The Company does not have material unfulfilled performance obligation balances for contracts with an original length greater than one year in any years presented. Additionally, the Company does not have material costs related to obtaining a contract with amortization periods greater than one year for any year presented. ​ 3M applies ASC 606 utilizing the following allowable exemptions or practical expedients: ● Exemption to not disclose the unfulfilled performance obligation balance for contracts with an original length of one year or less. ● Practical expedient relative to costs of obtaining a contract by expensing sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. ● Portfolio approach practical expedient relative to estimation of variable consideration. ● “Right to invoice” practical expedient based on 3M’s right to invoice the customer at an amount that reasonably represents the value to the customer of 3M’s performance completed to date. ● Election to present revenue net of sales taxes and other similar taxes. ● Sales-based royalty exemption permitting future intellectual property out-licensing royalty payments to be excluded from the otherwise required remaining performance obligations disclosure ​ The Company recognizes revenue from the rental of durable medical devices in accordance with the guidance of ASC 842, Leases ​ Accounts receivable and allowances: allowances for bad debts as well as the provision for credit losses, write-off activity and recoveries for the periods presented are not material. The Company does not have any significant off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers. The Company has long-term customer receivables that do not have significant credit risk, and the origination dates of which are typically not older than five years. These long-term receivables are subject to an allowance methodology similar to other receivables. ​ Advertising and merchandising: ​ Research, development and related expenses: ​ Internal-use software: three ​ Environmental: ​ Income taxes: Income Taxes ​ Earnings per share: ​ Earnings Per Share Computations ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Amounts in millions, except per share amounts) 2020 2019 2018 Numerator: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income attributable to 3M ​ ​ $ 5,384 ​ $ 4,570 ​ $ 5,349 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Denominator: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares outstanding – ​ ​ 577.6 ​ 577.0 ​ 588.5 ​ Dilution associated with the Company’s stock-based compensation plans ​ ​ 4.6 ​ 8.1 ​ 13.5 ​ Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares outstanding – ​ ​ 582.2 ​ 585.1 ​ 602.0 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders – ​ ​ $ 9.32 ​ $ 7.92 ​ $ 9.09 ​ Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders – ​ ​ $ 9.25 ​ $ 7.81 ​ $ 8.89 ​ ​ Stock-based compensation: ​ Comprehensive income: ​ Derivatives and hedging activities: Derivatives and Hedging ​ Credit risk: ​ Fair value measurements: Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The standard also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based upon the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs (other than quoted prices) that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ​ Acquisitions: Business Combinations ​ Leases: ​ After adoption of ASU 2016-02 and related standards in 2019, operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The discount rate used to calculate present value is 3M’s incremental borrowing rate or, if available, the rate implicit in the lease. 3M determines the incremental borrowing rate for leases using a portfolio approach based primarily on the lease term and the economic environment of the applicable country or region. ​ As a lessee, the Company leases distribution centers, office space, land, and equipment. Certain 3M lease agreements include rental payments adjusted annually based on changes in an inflation index. 3M’s leases do not contain material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ​ Certain leases include one or more extend lease term ​ For the measurement and classification of its lease agreements, 3M groups lease and non-lease components into a single lease component for all underlying asset classes. Variable lease payments primarily include payments for non-lease components, such as maintenance costs, payments for leased assets used beyond their noncancelable lease term as adjusted for contractual options to terminate or renew, and payments for non-components such as sales tax. Certain 3M leases contain immaterial variable lease payments based on number of units produced. ​ ​ New Accounting Pronouncements ​ In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ​ In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract ​ In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740). ​ In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Investments—Equity Securities, Topic 323, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures, and Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging ​ In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope its debt securities, bank facilities, and derivative instruments and continues to evaluate commercial contracts that may utilize LIBOR as the reference rate. 3M will continue its assessment and monitor regulatory developments during the LIBOR transition period.

Revenue

Revenue	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue
Revenue	NOTE 2. Revenue ​ Contract Balances: Deferred revenue primarily relates to revenue that is recognized over time for one-year software license contracts. Refer to Note 7 for deferred revenue balances at December 31, 2019 and 2020. Approximately $410 million of the December 31, 2019 balance was recognized as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020, while approximately $600 million of the December 31, 2018 balance was recognized as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2019. ​ Operating Lease Revenue: Net sales includes rental revenue from durable medical devices as part of operating lease arrangements (reported within the Medical Solutions Division), which was $586 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Applicable rental revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was not material. Disaggregated revenue information: The Company views the following disaggregated disclosures as useful to understanding the composition of revenue recognized during the respective reporting periods: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ Net Sales (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 ​ Abrasives ​ $ 1,180 ​ $ 1,387 ​ $ 1,512 ​ Automotive Aftermarket ​ ​ 1,102 ​ ​ 1,229 ​ ​ 1,356 ​ Closure and Masking Systems ​ ​ 993 ​ ​ 1,111 ​ ​ 1,224 ​ Communication Markets ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 175 ​ Electrical Markets ​ ​ 1,121 ​ ​ 1,200 ​ ​ 1,244 ​ Industrial Adhesives and Tapes ​ ​ 2,562 ​ ​ 2,689 ​ ​ 2,841 ​ Personal Safety ​ ​ 4,433 ​ ​ 3,504 ​ ​ 3,601 ​ Roofing Granules ​ ​ 390 ​ ​ 366 ​ ​ 353 ​ Other Safety and Industrial ​ ​ (14) ​ ​ 28 ​ ​ 108 ​ Total Safety and Industrial Business Segment ​ $ 11,767 ​ $ 11,514 ​ $ 12,414 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Advanced Materials ​ $ 1,036 ​ $ 1,245 ​ $ 1,236 ​ Automotive and Aerospace ​ ​ 1,612 ​ ​ 1,913 ​ ​ 2,074 ​ Commercial Solutions ​ ​ 1,529 ​ ​ 1,785 ​ ​ 1,863 ​ Electronics ​ ​ 3,767 ​ ​ 3,711 ​ ​ 3,971 ​ Transportation Safety ​ ​ 890 ​ ​ 943 ​ ​ 951 ​ Other Transportation and Electronics ​ ​ (7) ​ ​ (6) ​ ​ 9 ​ Total Transportation and Electronics Business Segment ​ $ 8,827 ​ $ 9,591 ​ $ 10,104 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Drug Delivery ​ $ 146 ​ $ 372 ​ $ 407 ​ Food Safety ​ ​ 342 ​ ​ 341 ​ ​ 328 ​ Health Information Systems ​ ​ 1,140 ​ ​ 1,177 ​ ​ 837 ​ Medical Solutions ​ ​ 4,787 ​ ​ 3,439 ​ ​ 3,073 ​ Oral Care ​ ​ 1,076 ​ ​ 1,321 ​ ​ 1,353 ​ Separation and Purification Sciences ​ ​ 853 ​ ​ 791 ​ ​ 817 ​ Other Health Care ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ (10) ​ ​ 6 ​ Total Health Care Business Group ​ $ 8,345 ​ $ 7,431 ​ $ 6,821 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Consumer Health Care ​ $ 366 ​ $ 379 ​ $ 389 ​ Home Care ​ ​ 1,066 ​ ​ 991 ​ ​ 1,013 ​ Home Improvement ​ ​ 2,527 ​ ​ 2,297 ​ ​ 2,216 ​ Stationery and Office ​ ​ 1,223 ​ ​ 1,378 ​ ​ 1,399 ​ Other Consumer ​ ​ 154 ​ ​ 106 ​ ​ 110 ​ Total Consumer Business Group ​ $ 5,336 ​ $ 5,151 ​ $ 5,127 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ $ (1) ​ $ 110 ​ $ 50 ​ Elimination of Dual Credit ​ ​ (2,090) ​ ​ (1,661) ​ ​ (1,751) ​ Total Company ​ $ 32,184 ​ $ 32,136 ​ $ 32,765 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, 2020 ​ Net Sales (Millions) Americas ​ Asia Pacific Europe, Middle East and Africa Other Unallocated Worldwide ​ Safety and Industrial ​ $ 6,177 ​ $ 2,805 ​ $ 2,791 ​ $ (6) ​ $ 11,767 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ 2,455 ​ 5,097 ​ 1,282 ​ (7) ​ 8,827 ​ Health Care ​ ​ 5,062 ​ ​ 1,478 ​ ​ 1,809 ​ ​ (4) ​ ​ 8,345 ​ Consumer ​ 3,832 ​ 939 ​ 567 ​ (2) ​ 5,336 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ (1) ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ (1) ​ Elimination of Dual Credit ​ (1,000) ​ (750) ​ (340) ​ — ​ (2,090) ​ Total Company ​ $ 16,525 ​ $ 9,569 ​ $ 6,109 ​ $ (19) ​ $ 32,184 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, 2019 ​ Net Sales (Millions) Americas ​ Asia Pacific Europe, Middle East and Africa Other Unallocated Worldwide ​ Safety and Industrial ​ $ 6,008 ​ $ 2,844 ​ $ 2,666 ​ $ (4) ​ $ 11,514 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ 2,901 ​ 5,221 ​ 1,472 ​ (3) ​ 9,591 ​ Health Care ​ ​ 4,200 ​ ​ 1,490 ​ ​ 1,743 ​ ​ (2) ​ ​ 7,431 ​ Consumer ​ 3,641 ​ 952 ​ 559 ​ (1) ​ 5,151 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ 109 ​ — ​ 1 ​ — ​ 110 ​ Elimination of Dual Credit ​ (735) ​ (711) ​ (215) ​ — ​ (1,661) ​ Total Company ​ $ 16,124 ​ $ 9,796 ​ $ 6,226 ​ $ (10) ​ $ 32,136 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, 2018 ​ Net Sales (Millions) Americas ​ Asia Pacific Europe, Middle East and Africa Other Unallocated Worldwide ​ Safety and Industrial ​ $ 6,345 ​ $ 3,076 ​ $ 2,996 ​ $ (3) ​ $ 12,414 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ 3,015 ​ 5,513 ​ 1,577 ​ (1) ​ 10,104 ​ Health Care ​ ​ 3,636 ​ ​ 1,453 ​ ​ 1,733 ​ ​ (1) ​ ​ 6,821 ​ Consumer ​ 3,562 ​ 980 ​ 586 ​ (1) ​ 5,127 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ 51 ​ — ​ — ​ (1) ​ 50 ​ Elimination of Dual Credit ​ (745) ​ (768) ​ (238) ​ — ​ (1,751) ​ Total Company ​ $ 15,864 ​ $ 10,254 ​ $ 6,654 ​ $ (7) ​ $ 32,765 ​ ​ Americas included United States net sales to customers of $13.9 billion, $13.2 billion and $12.8 billion in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Asia Pacific included China/Hong Kong net sales to customers of $3.5 billion, $3.3 billion and $3.6 billion in 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

Acquisitions and Divestitures

Acquisitions and Divestitures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Acquisitions and Divestitures	NOTE 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures ​ Acquisitions: ​ 3M makes acquisitions of certain businesses from time to time that are aligned with its strategic intent with respect to, among other factors, growth markets and adjacent product lines or technologies. Goodwill resulting from business combinations is largely attributable to the existing workforce of the acquired businesses and synergies expected to arise after 3M’s acquisition of these businesses. ​ 2020 acquisitions: ​ There were no acquisitions that closed during the year ended December 31, 2020. ​ 2019 acquisitions: ​ In February 2019, 3M completed the acquisition of the technology business of M*Modal for $0.7 billion of cash, net of cash acquired, and assumption of $0.3 billion of M*Modal’s debt. Based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, M*Modal is a leading healthcare technology provider of cloud-based, conversational artificial intelligence-powered systems that help physicians efficiently capture and improve the patient narrative. The allocation of purchase consideration related to M*Modal was completed in the fourth quarter of 2019. Net sales and operating loss (inclusive of transaction and integration costs) of this business included in 3M’s consolidated results of operations in 2019 were approximately $300 million and $25 million, respectively. M*Modal is reported within the Company’s Health Care business. ​ In October 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the ownership interests of Acelity Inc. and its KCI subsidiaries. Acelity is a leading global medical technology company focused on advanced wound care and specialty surgical applications marketed under the KCI brand. In the first quarter of 2020, the Company paid certain considerations previously accrued under the terms of related agreements. Adjustments in 2020 to the purchase price allocation were approximately $34 million and related to identification and valuation of certain acquired assets and liabilities. The change to provisional amounts did not result in material impacts to results of operations in 2020 or any portion related to earlier quarters in the measurement period. The allocation of purchase consideration related to Acelity was completed in the third quarter of 2020. Net sales and operating loss (inclusive of transaction and integration costs) of this business included in 3M’s consolidated results of operations in the fourth quarter of 2019 were approximately $350 million and $45 million, respectively. Acelity is reported within the Company’s Health Care business. ​ Proforma information related to these acquisitions has not been included as the impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations was not considered material. The following table shows the impact on the consolidated balance sheet of the purchase price allocations related to the 2019 acquisitions and assigned finite-lived asset weighted average lives. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2019 Acquisition Activity ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Finite-Lived ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Intangible-Asset ​ (Millions) ​ ​ ​ Weighted-Average Asset (Liability) ​ M*Modal ​ Acelity ​ Total ​ Lives (Years) Accounts receivable ​ $ 75 ​ $ 295 ​ $ 370 ​ ​ ​ Inventory ​ — ​ 186 ​ 186 ​ ​ ​ Other current assets ​ 2 ​ 65 ​ 67 ​ ​ ​ Property, plant, and equipment ​ 8 ​ 147 ​ 155 ​ ​ ​ Purchased finite-lived intangible assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Customer related intangible assets ​ 275 ​ 1,760 ​ 2,035 ​ 18 ​ Other technology-based intangible assets ​ ​ 160 ​ ​ 1,390 ​ ​ 1,550 ​ 10 ​ Definite-lived tradenames ​ ​ 11 ​ ​ 485 ​ ​ 496 ​ 16 ​ Purchased goodwill ​ 517 ​ 2,952 ​ 3,469 ​ ​ ​ Other assets ​ ​ 58 ​ ​ 73 ​ ​ 131 ​ ​ ​ Accounts payable and other liabilities ​ (127) ​ (438) ​ (565) ​ ​ ​ Interest bearing debt ​ (251) ​ (2,322) ​ (2,573) ​ ​ ​ Deferred tax asset/(liability) and accrued income taxes ​ (24) ​ (288) ​ (312) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net assets acquired ​ $ 704 ​ $ 4,305 ​ $ 5,009 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Supplemental information: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash paid ​ $ 708 ​ $ 4,486 ​ $ 5,194 ​ ​ ​ Less: Cash acquired ​ 4 ​ 206 ​ 210 ​ ​ ​ Cash paid, net of cash acquired ​ $ 704 ​ $ 4,280 ​ $ 4,984 ​ ​ ​ Consideration payable ​ ​ — ​ ​ 25 ​ ​ 25 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 704 ​ $ 4,305 ​ $ 5,009 ​ ​ ​ ​ Purchased identifiable finite-lived intangible assets related to acquisitions which closed in 2019 totaled $4.081 billion. The associated finite-lived intangible assets acquired will be amortized on a systematic and rational basis (generally straight line) over a weighted-average life of 14 years (lives ranging from 6 to 19 years ). ​ 2018 acquisition: ​ There were no acquisitions that closed during 2018. ​ Divestitures: ​ 3M may divest certain businesses from time to time based upon review of the Company’s portfolio considering, among other items, factors relative to the extent of strategic and technological alignment and optimization of capital deployment, in addition to considering if selling the businesses results in the greatest value creation for the Company and for shareholders. As discussed in Note 19 (Business Segments), gains/losses on sale of businesses are reflected in Corporate and Unallocated. ​ 2020 divestitures: ​ In January 2020, 3M completed the sale of its advanced ballistic-protection business, formerly part of the Transportation and Electronics business, to Avon Rubber p.l.c for $86 million in cash and recognized certain contingent consideration from the outcome of pending tenders. Further contingent consideration of less than $25 million may be recognized depending on outcomes in the future. The business, with annual sales of approximately $85 million, consists of ballistic helmets, body armor, flat armor and related helmet-attachment products serving government and law enforcement. 3M reflected immaterial impacts in the third quarter of 2019 as a result of measuring this disposal group at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell and in the first quarter 2020 related to completion of the divestiture and recognition of contingent consideration. ​ In May 2020, 3M completed the sale of substantially all of its drug delivery business, formerly part of the Health Care business, to an affiliate of Altaris Capital Partners, LLC for $617 million in consideration including $487 million of cash, approximately $70 million in the form of an interest-bearing security, and approximately $60 million in the form of a 17 percent noncontrolling interest in the new company, Kindeva Drug Delivery (Kindeva). Non-cash consideration was valued at time of initial recognition on an income-based approach using relevant estimated future cash flows and applicable market interest rates while considering impacts of restrictions related to transferability. The divested business had annual sales of approximately $380 million. 3M retained its transdermal drug delivery components business. 3M reflected a pre-tax gain of $387 million as a result of the divestiture. The Company reflects its ownership interest in Kindeva using the equity method of accounting incorporating the recording of 3M’s share of earnings/losses on a lag-basis based on availability of Kindeva financial statements. As a result, income/loss from this unconsolidated subsidiary began to be reflected in 3M’s financial statements in the third quarter of 2020. Kindeva and 3M entered into certain limited-term agreements related to post-divestiture transition and supply services. ​ In the third quarter of 2020, 3M completed the sale of a small dermatology products business, formerly part of the Health Care business, for immaterial proceeds that approximated the business’s book value. ​ 2019 divestitures: ​ During the first quarter of 2019, the Company sold certain oral care technology comprising a business and reflected an earnout on a previous divestiture resulting in an aggregate immaterial gain. ​ In August 2019, 3M closed on the sale of its gas and flame detection business, a leader in fixed and portable gas and flame detection, to Teledyne Technologies Incorporated. 3M’s gas and flame business was part of the overall October 2017 acquisition of underlying legal entities and associated assets of Scott Safety. This business has annual sales of approximately $120 million. The transaction resulted in a pre-tax gain of $112 million that was reported within the Company’s Safety and Industrial business. ​ 2018 divestitures: ​ In February 2018, 3M closed on the sale of certain personal safety product offerings primarily focused on noise, environmental, and heat stress monitoring to TSI, Inc. This business has annual sales of approximately $15 million. The transaction resulted in a pre-tax gain of less than $20 million. In addition, during the first quarter of 2018, 3M divested a polymer additives compounding business, formerly part of the Company’s Health Care business, and reflected a gain on final closing adjustments from a prior divestiture which, in aggregate, were not material. In May 2018, 3M divested an abrasives glass products business, formerly part of the Company’s Safety and Industrial business, with annual sales of approximately $10 million. The transaction resulted in a pre-tax gain of less than $15 million. ​ ​ Operating income and held for sale amounts The aggregate operating income of these businesses was approximately $40 million, $40 million, and $85 million in 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The approximate amounts of major assets and liabilities associated with disposal groups classified as held-for-sale as of December 31, 2019 included the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, (Millions) 2019 Inventory ​ $ 70 ​ Property, plant and equipment ​ ​ 150 ​ Intangible assets ​ ​ 35 ​ ​ In addition, approximately $30 million of goodwill was estimated to be attributable to disposal groups classified as held-for-sale as of December 31, 2019, based upon relative fair value. The amounts above have not been segregated and are classified within the existing corresponding line items on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	​ NOTE 4. Goodwill and Intangible Asset s ​ Goodwill ​ There was no goodwill recorded from acquisitions during 2020. Goodwill from acquisitions total $3.5 billion in 2019, none of which was deductible for tax purposes. The acquisition activity in the following table also includes the net impact of adjustments to the preliminary allocation of purchase price within the one year measurement-period following prior acquisitions, which decreased goodwill by $34 million during 2020. The amounts in the “Translation and other” column in the following table primarily relate to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The goodwill balance by business segment follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) ​ Safety and Industrial ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ Health Care ​ Consumer ​ Total Company ​ Balance as of December 31, 2018 ​ $ 4,716 ​ $ 1,857 ​ $ 3,248 ​ $ 230 ​ $ 10,051 ​ Acquisition activity ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 3,469 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 3,469 ​ Divestiture activity ​ ​ (49) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ (49) ​ Translation and other ​ ​ (46) ​ ​ (27) ​ ​ 22 ​ ​ 24 ​ ​ (27) ​ Balance as of December 31, 2019 ​ $ 4,621 ​ $ 1,830 ​ $ 6,739 ​ $ 254 ​ $ 13,444 ​ Acquisition activity ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ (34) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (34) ​ Divestiture activity ​ ​ — ​ ​ (10) ​ ​ (19) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (29) ​ Translation and other ​ ​ 66 ​ ​ 38 ​ ​ 306 ​ ​ 11 ​ ​ 421 ​ Balance as of December 31, 2020 ​ $ 4,687 ​ $ 1,858 ​ $ 6,992 ​ $ 265 ​ $ 13,802 ​ ​ Accounting standards require that goodwill be tested for impairment annually and between annual tests in certain circumstances such as a change in reporting units or the testing of recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit. At 3M, reporting units correspond to a division. ​ As described in Note 19, effective in the first quarter of 2020, the Company changed its business segment reporting. For any product changes that resulted in reporting unit changes, the Company applied the relative fair value method to determine the impact on goodwill of the associated reporting units, the results of which were immaterial. In conjunction with the change in segment reporting, 3M completed an assessment indicating no goodwill impairment existed as a result of this new segment structure. Goodwill balances reported above reflect these business segment reporting changes in the earliest period presented. The Company also completed its annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2020 for all reporting units and determined that no impairment existed. In addition, the Company had no impairments of goodwill in 2019 or 2018. ​ Acquired Intangible Assets ​ The carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired finite-lived intangible assets, in addition to the balance of non-amortizable intangible assets, as of December 31, follow: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, (Millions) 2020 2019 Customer related intangible assets ​ $ 4,280 ​ $ 4,316 ​ Patents ​ 537 ​ 538 ​ Other technology-based intangible assets ​ 2,114 ​ 2,124 ​ Definite-lived tradenames ​ 1,178 ​ 1,158 ​ Other amortizable intangible assets ​ 104 ​ 125 ​ Total gross carrying amount ​ $ 8,213 ​ $ 8,261 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accumulated amortization — customer related ​ (1,422) ​ (1,180) ​ Accumulated amortization — patents ​ (512) ​ (499) ​ Accumulated amortization — other technology-based ​ (638) ​ (435) ​ Accumulated amortization — definite-lived tradenames ​ (385) ​ (316) ​ Accumulated amortization — other ​ (79) ​ (90) ​ Total accumulated amortization ​ $ (3,036) ​ $ (2,520) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total finite-lived intangible assets — net ​ $ 5,177 ​ $ 5,741 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Non-amortizable intangible assets (primarily tradenames) ​ 658 ​ 638 ​ Total intangible assets — net ​ $ 5,835 ​ $ 6,379 ​ ​ Certain tradenames acquired by 3M are not amortized because they have been in existence for over 60 years, have a history of leading-market share positions, have been and are intended to be continuously renewed, and the associated products of which are expected to generate cash flows for 3M for an indefinite period of time. As discussed in Note 15, 3M reflected an immaterial charge related to impairment of certain indefinite-lived assets in the first quarter of 2020. ​ Amortization expense for the years ended December 31 follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 Amortization expense ​ $ 537 ​ $ 341 ​ $ 249 ​ ​ Expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets recorded as of December 31, 2020 follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ After ​ (Millions) ​ 2021 ​ 2022 ​ 2023 ​ 2024 ​ 2025 ​ 2025 Amortization expense ​ $ 528 ​ $ 515 ​ $ 488 ​ $ 459 ​ $ 428 ​ $ 2,759 ​ ​ The preceding expected amortization expense is an estimate. Actual amounts of amortization expense may differ from estimated amounts due to additional intangible asset acquisitions, changes in foreign currency exchange rates, impairment of intangible assets, accelerated amortization of intangible assets and other events. 3M expenses the costs incurred to renew or extend the term of intangible assets.

Restructuring Actions

Restructuring Actions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Actions	NOTE 5. Restructuring Actions ​ 2020 Restructuring Actions: ​ Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring: ​ In late 2020, 3M announced it would undertake certain actions to further enhance its operations and marketing capabilities to take advantage of certain global market trends while de-prioritizing investments in slower-growth end markets. During the fourth quarter of 2020, management approved and committed to undertake associated restructuring actions impacting approximately 2,100 positions resulting in a pre-tax charge of $137 million. 3M is planning further actions under this initiative primarily in the second half of 2021. This aggregate initiative, spanning 2020 and 2021, is expected to impact approximately 2,900 positions worldwide with an expected pre-tax charge of $250 to $300 million. The related 2020 restructuring charges were recorded in the income statement as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Fourth Quarter 2020 Cost of sales ​ $ 51 Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ 79 Research, development and related expenses ​ 7 Total operating income impact ​ $ 137 ​ The business segment operating income impact of these restructuring charges is summarized as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fourth Quarter 2020 (Millions) Employee-Related Asset-Related and Other Total Safety and Industrial ​ $ 36 ​ $ 7 ​ $ 43 Transportation and Electronics ​ ​ 16 ​ ​ 12 ​ ​ 28 Health Care ​ ​ 23 ​ ​ 3 ​ ​ 26 Consumer ​ ​ 10 ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ 11 Corporate and Unallocated ​ 16 ​ 13 ​ 29 Total Operating Expense ​ $ 101 ​ $ 36 ​ $ 137 ​ ​ Restructuring actions, including cash and non-cash impacts, follow: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Employee-Related Asset-Related and Other Total Expense incurred in the fourth quarter of 2020 ​ $ 101 ​ $ 36 ​ $ 137 Non-cash changes ​ ​ — ​ ​ (36) ​ ​ (36) Accrued restructuring action balances as of December 31, 2020 ​ $ 101 ​ $ — ​ $ 101 ​ Remaining activities related to this restructuring actions approved and committed under this initiative in the 2020 are expected to be largely completed through 2021. ​ Divestiture-Related Restructuring ​ During the second quarter of 2020, following the divestiture of substantially all of the drug delivery business (see Note 3) management approved and committed to undertake certain restructuring actions addressing corporate functional costs and manufacturing footprint across 3M in relation to the magnitude of amounts previously allocated/burdened to the divested business. These actions affected approximately 1,300 positions worldwide and resulted in a second quarter 2020 pre-tax charge of $55 million, within Corporate and Unallocated. The divestiture-related restructuring actions were recorded in the income statement as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Second Quarter 2020 Cost of sales ​ $ 42 ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ 12 ​ Research, development and related expenses ​ 1 ​ Total operating income impact ​ $ 55 ​ ​ Divestiture-related restructuring actions, including cash and non-cash impacts, follow: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Employee-Related Asset-Related and Other Total Expense incurred in the second quarter of 2020 ​ $ 32 ​ $ 23 ​ $ 55 ​ Non-cash changes ​ ​ — ​ ​ (14) ​ ​ (14) ​ Cash payments ​ (14) ​ — ​ (14) ​ Adjustments ​ ​ (3) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (3) ​ Accrued divestiture-related restructuring action balances as of December 31, 2020 ​ $ 15 ​ $ 9 ​ $ 24 ​ ​ Remaining activities related to this divestiture-related restructuring are expected to be largely completed through the second quarter of 2021. ​ Other Restructuring ​ Additionally, in the second quarter of 2020, management approved and committed to undertake certain restructuring actions addressing structural enterprise costs and operations in certain end markets as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic impacts. These actions affected approximately 400 positions worldwide and resulted in a second quarter 2020 pre-tax charge of $58 million. The restructuring charges were recorded in the income statement as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Second Quarter 2020 Cost of sales ​ $ 13 ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ 37 ​ Research, development and related expenses ​ 8 ​ Total operating income impact ​ $ 58 ​ ​ The business segment operating income impact of these restructuring charges is summarized as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Second Quarter 2020 ​ ( Millions Employee-Related Asset-Related and Other Total Safety and Industrial ​ $ 7 ​ $ — ​ $ 7 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ ​ 11 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 11 ​ Health Care ​ ​ 12 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 12 ​ Consumer ​ ​ 5 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 5 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ — ​ 23 ​ 23 ​ Total Operating Expense ​ $ 35 ​ $ 23 ​ $ 58 ​ ​ Restructuring actions, including cash and non-cash impacts, follow: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Employee-Related Asset-Related Total Expense incurred in the second quarter of 2020 ​ $ 35 ​ $ 23 ​ $ 58 ​ Non-cash changes ​ ​ — ​ ​ (23) ​ ​ (23) ​ Cash payments ​ (2) ​ — ​ (2) ​ Adjustments ​ ​ (9) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (9) ​ Accrued restructuring action balances as of December 31, 2020 ​ $ 24 ​ $ — ​ $ 24 ​ ​ Remaining activities related to this restructuring are expected to be largely completed through the second quarter of 2021. ​ 2019 Restructuring Actions: ​ During the second quarter of 2019, in light of slower than expected 2019 sales, management approved and committed to undertake certain restructuring actions. These actions impacted approximately 2,000 positions worldwide, including attrition. The Company recorded second quarter 2019 pre-tax charges of $148 million. Additionally, during the fourth quarter of 2019, to realign 3M’s organizational structure and operating model to improve growth and operational efficiency, management approved and committed to undertake certain restructuring actions. These actions impacted approximately 1,500 positions worldwide. The Company recorded fourth quarter 2019 pre-tax charges of $134 million. These restructuring charges were recorded in the income statement as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ( Millions Second and Fourth Quarter 2019 Cost of sales ​ $ 72 ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ 137 ​ Research, development and related expenses ​ 37 ​ Total operating income impact ​ ​ 246 ​ Other expense (income), net ​ ​ 36 ​ Total income before income taxes impact ​ $ 282 ​ ​ The second quarter 2019 actions included a voluntary early retirement incentive initial charge (further discussed in Note 13), the charge for which is included in other expense (income), net above. ​ The operating income impact of these restructuring charges are summarized by business segment as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Second and Fourth Quarter 2019 ​ ( Millions Employee-Related Asset-Related Total Safety and Industrial ​ $ 50 ​ $ — ​ $ 50 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ ​ 31 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 31 ​ Health Care ​ ​ 17 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 17 ​ Consumer ​ ​ 8 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 8 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ 100 ​ 40 ​ 140 ​ Total Operating Expense ​ $ 206 ​ $ 40 ​ $ 246 ​ ​ Restructuring actions, including cash and non-cash impacts, follow: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Employee-Related Asset-Related Total Expense incurred in the second quarter and fourth quarter of 2019 ​ $ 242 ​ $ 40 ​ $ 282 ​ Non-cash changes ​ ​ (36) ​ ​ (40) ​ ​ (76) ​ Cash payments ​ (52) ​ — ​ (52) ​ Adjustments ​ ​ (14) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (14) ​ Accrued restructuring action balances as of December 31, 2019 ​ $ 140 ​ $ — ​ $ 140 ​ Cash Payments ​ ​ (51) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (51) ​ Adjustments ​ ​ (59) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (59) ​ Accrued restructuring action balances as of December 31, 2020 ​ $ 30 ​ $ — ​ $ 30 ​ ​ Adjustments in the table above reflect changes in estimates from factors such as additional natural attrition and redeployment as COVID-19 delayed the start of plan execution and update of costs associated with the mix of impacted roles. Remaining activities related to this restructuring are expected to be completed largely through early 2021. ​ ​ 2018 Restructuring Actions: ​ Divestiture-Related Restructuring ​ During the second quarter and fourth quarter of 2018, management approved and committed to undertake certain restructuring actions related to addressing corporate functional costs following the Communication Markets Division divestiture. These actions affected approximately 1,200 positions worldwide and resulted in a second quarter 2018 pre-tax charge of $105 million and a fourth quarter pre-tax charge of $22 million, net of adjustments for reductions in cost estimates of $10 million, essentially all within Corporate and Unallocated. The restructuring charges were recorded in the income statement as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) ​ Second and Fourth Quarter 2018 ​ Cost of sales ​ $ 27 ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ 105 ​ Research, development and related expenses ​ 5 ​ Total ​ $ 137 ​ ​ Restructuring actions, including cash and non-cash impacts, follow: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Employee-Related Asset-Related Total Expense incurred in the second quarter and fourth quarter of 2018 ​ $ 125 ​ $ 12 ​ $ 137 ​ Non-cash changes ​ ​ — ​ ​ (12) ​ ​ (12) ​ Cash payments ​ ​ (24) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (24) ​ Adjustments ​ (17) ​ — ​ (17) ​ Accrued restructuring action balances as of December 31, 2018 ​ $ 84 ​ $ — ​ $ 84 ​ Cash payments ​ (76) ​ — ​ (76) ​ Adjustments ​ ​ (5) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (5) ​ Accrued restructuring action balances as of December 31, 2019 ​ $ 3 ​ $ — ​ $ 3 ​ ​ Remaining activities related to this restructuring were substantially completed in 2019.

Supplemental Income Statement I

Supplemental Income Statement Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Supplemental Income Statement Information
Supplemental Income Statement Information	NOTE 6. Supplemental Income Statement Information ​ Other expense (income), net consists of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2019 ​ 2018 ​ Interest expense ​ ​ $ 529 ​ $ 448 ​ $ 350 ​ Interest income ​ ​ (29) ​ (80) ​ (70) ​ Pension and postretirement net periodic benefit cost (benefit) ​ ​ ​ (50) ​ ​ (68) ​ ​ (73) ​ Loss on deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary ​ ​ — ​ 162 ​ — ​ Total ​ ​ $ 450 ​ $ 462 ​ $ 207 ​ ​ Interest expense includes an early debt extinguishment pre-tax charge of approximately $10 million in the fourth quarter of 2020. ​ Pension and postretirement net periodic benefit costs described in the table above include all components of defined benefit plan net periodic benefit costs except service cost, which is reported in various operating expense lines. Pension and postretirement net periodic benefit costs for 2019 included a second quarter charge related to the voluntary early retirement incentive program announced in May 2019 in addition to U.S. non-qualified pension plan settlement charges of $32 million recognized in the fourth quarter of 2019. Refer to Note 13 for additional details on the voluntary early retirement incentive program in addition to the components of pension and postretirement net periodic benefit costs. ​ In the second quarter of 2019, the Company incurred a charge of $162 million related to the deconsolidation of its Venezuelan subsidiary. Refer to Note 1 for additional details.

Supplemental Balance Sheet Info

Supplemental Balance Sheet Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Supplemental Balance Sheet Information
Supplemental Balance Sheet Information	NOTE 7. Supplemental Balance Sheet Information ​ Additional supplemental balance sheet information is provided in the table that follows. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) 2020 2019 Other current assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivative assets-current ​ $ 34 ​ $ 75 ​ Held-to-maturity debt security held in trust ​ ​ — ​ ​ 470 ​ Insurance related (receivables, prepaid expenses and other) ​ 125 ​ 172 ​ Other ​ 166 ​ 174 ​ Total other current assets ​ $ 325 ​ $ 891 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Property, plant and equipment - at cost ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Land ​ $ 338 ​ $ 351 ​ Buildings and leasehold improvements ​ 8,021 ​ 7,877 ​ Machinery and equipment ​ 16,866 ​ 16,586 ​ Construction in progress ​ 1,425 ​ 1,310 ​ Gross property, plant and equipment ​ 26,650 ​ 26,124 ​ Accumulated depreciation ​ (17,229) ​ (16,791) ​ Property, plant and equipment - net ​ $ 9,421 ​ $ 9,333 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Deferred income taxes ​ $ 871 ​ $ 521 ​ Prepaid pension and post retirement ​ ​ 630 ​ 230 ​ Insurance related receivables and other ​ 49 ​ 67 ​ Cash surrender value of life insurance policies ​ ​ 258 ​ ​ 254 ​ Equity method investments ​ 134 ​ 70 ​ Equity and other investments ​ ​ 80 ​ 126 ​ Other ​ 418 ​ 406 ​ Total other assets ​ $ 2,440 ​ $ 1,674 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other current liabilities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accrued rebates ​ $ 639 ​ $ 594 ​ Deferred revenue ​ 498 ​ 430 ​ Derivative liabilities ​ 81 ​ 17 ​ Employee benefits and withholdings ​ 192 ​ 229 ​ Contingent liability claims and other ​ 556 ​ 566 ​ Property, sales-related and other taxes ​ 308 ​ 247 ​ Pension and postretirement benefits ​ 71 ​ 67 ​ Other ​ 933 ​ 906 ​ Total other current liabilities ​ $ 3,278 ​ $ 3,056 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other liabilities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Long term income taxes payable ​ $ 1,511 ​ $ 1,507 ​ Employee benefits ​ 410 ​ 312 ​ Contingent liability claims and other ​ 815 ​ 787 ​ Finance lease obligations ​ 93 ​ 111 ​ Deferred income taxes ​ 333 ​ 301 ​ Other ​ 300 ​ 257 ​ Total other liabilities ​ $ 3,462 ​ $ 3,275 ​ ​

Supplemental Equity and Compreh

Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information
Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information	NOTE 8. Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information ​ Common stock ($.01 par value per share) of 3.0 billion shares is authorized, with 944,033,056 shares issued as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Preferred stock, without par value, of 10 million shares is authorized but unissued. ​ Cash dividends declared and paid totaled $1.47, $1.44, and $1.36 per share for each quarter in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which resulted in total year declared and paid dividends of $5.88, $5.76, and $5.44 per share, respectively. ​ In connection with 3M’s January 1, 2019 adoption of ASU No. 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, and ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, the Company recorded an increase in retained earnings of approximately $0.9 billion (with offsetting increase to accumulated other comprehensive loss ​ Transfer of Ownership Interest Involving Non-Wholly Owned Subsidiaries ​ During 2018, a wholly owned subsidiary in India was sold to 3M India Limited, which is 75 percent owned by the Company. Because the Company retained its controlling interest in the subsidiary involved, the sale resulted in a deemed dividend to 3M, resulting in an increase in 3M Company shareholders’ equity and a decrease in noncontrolling interest. Refer to the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for further details. ​ Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to 3M by Component ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Defined Benefit ​ Cash Flow ​ Total ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pension and ​ Hedging ​ Accumulated ​ ​ Cumulative ​ Postretirement ​ Instruments, ​ Other ​ ​ Translation ​ Plans ​ Unrealized ​ Comprehensive (Millions) ​ Adjustment ​ Adjustment ​ Gain (Loss) ​ Income (Loss) Balance at December 31, 2017, net of tax: ​ $ (1,638) ​ $ (5,276) ​ $ (112) ​ $ (7,026) ​ Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amounts before reclassifications ​ (414) ​ 55 ​ 133 ​ (226) ​ Amounts reclassified out ​ — ​ 606 ​ 96 ​ 702 ​ Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax ​ (414) ​ 661 ​ 229 ​ 476 ​ Tax effect ​ (47) ​ (217) ​ (53) ​ (317) ​ Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax ​ (461) ​ 444 ​ 176 ​ 159 ​ Impact from purchase of subsidiary shares ​ 1 ​ — ​ — ​ 1 ​ Balance at December 31, 2018, net of tax: ​ $ (2,098) ​ $ (4,832) ​ $ 64 ​ $ (6,866) ​ Impact of adoption of ASU No. 2018-02 ​ ​ (13) ​ ​ (817) ​ ​ (23) ​ ​ (853) ​ Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amounts before reclassifications ​ 102 ​ (1,227) ​ (26) ​ (1,151) ​ Amounts reclassified out ​ 142 ​ 459 ​ (70) ​ 531 ​ Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax ​ 244 ​ (768) ​ (96) ​ (620) ​ Tax effect ​ (32) ​ 208 ​ 24 ​ 200 ​ Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax ​ 212 ​ (560) ​ (72) ​ (420) ​ Balance at December 31, 2019, net of tax: ​ $ (1,899) ​ $ (6,209) ​ $ (31) ​ $ (8,139) ​ Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amounts before reclassifications ​ 387 ​ (555) ​ (113) ​ (281) ​ Amounts reclassified out ​ — ​ 676 ​ (71) ​ 605 ​ Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax ​ 387 ​ 121 ​ (184) ​ 324 ​ Tax effect ​ 62 ​ 50 ​ 42 ​ 154 ​ Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax ​ 449 ​ 171 ​ (142) ​ 478 ​ Balance at December 31, 2020, net of tax: ​ $ (1,450) ​ $ (6,038) ​ $ (173) ​ $ (7,661) ​ ​ Income taxes are not provided for foreign translation relating to permanent investments in international subsidiaries, but tax effects within cumulative translation does include impacts from items such as net investment hedge transactions. Reclassification adjustments are made to avoid double counting in comprehensive income items that are subsequently recorded as part of net income. Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to 3M ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amounts Reclassified from ​ ​ Details about Accumulated Other ​ ​ Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ​ ​ ​ Comprehensive Income Components ​ Year ended December 31, ​ Location on Income (Millions) ​ 2020 ​ 2019 ​ 2018 ​ Statement Cumulative translation adjustment ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary ​ ​ $ — ​ $ (142) ​ $ — ​ Other (expense) income, net ​ Total before tax ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ (142) ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ Tax effect ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Provision for income taxes ​ Net of tax ​ ​ $ — ​ $ (142) ​ $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gains (losses) associated with defined benefit pension and postretirement plans amortization ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Transition asset ​ ​ $ (2) ​ $ — ​ $ — See Note 13 ​ Prior service benefit ​ ​ 62 ​ 69 ​ 76 See Note 13 ​ Net actuarial loss ​ ​ ​ (716) ​ ​ (478) ​ ​ (678) ​ See Note 13 ​ Curtailments/Settlements ​ ​ (20) ​ (48) ​ (4) See Note 13 ​ Deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ (2) ​ ​ — ​ Other (expense) income, net ​ Total before tax ​ ​ (676) ​ (459) ​ (606) ​ ​ ​ Tax effect ​ ​ 161 ​ 110 ​ 145 Provision for income taxes ​ Net of tax ​ ​ $ (515) ​ $ (349) ​ $ (461) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash flow hedging instruments gains (losses) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ ​ $ 80 ​ $ 74 ​ $ (95) Cost of sales ​ Interest rate contracts ​ ​ (9) ​ (4) ​ (1) Interest expense ​ Total before tax ​ ​ 71 ​ 70 ​ (96) ​ ​ ​ Tax effect ​ ​ (17) ​ (17) ​ 19 Provision for income taxes ​ Net of tax ​ ​ $ 54 ​ $ 53 ​ $ (77) ​ ​ ​ Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax ​ ​ $ (461) ​ $ (438) ​ $ (538) ​ ​ ​ ​

Supplemental Cash Flow Informat

Supplemental Cash Flow Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements
Supplemental Cash Flow Information	NOTE 9. Supplemental Cash Flow Information ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 Cash income tax payments, net of refunds ​ $ 1,351 ​ $ 1,198 ​ $ 1,560 ​ Cash interest payments ​ 524 ​ 370 ​ 314 ​ ​ Cash interest payments include interest paid on debt and finance lease balances. Cash interest payments exclude the cash paid for early debt extinguishment costs. Additional details are described in Note 12. ​ Individual amounts in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows exclude the impacts of acquisitions, divestitures and exchange rate impacts, which are presented separately.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Taxes.
Income Taxes	NOTE 10. Income Taxes ​ Income Before Income Taxes ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 United States ​ $ 3,720 ​ $ 3,008 ​ $ 3,487 ​ International ​ 2,991 ​ 2,704 ​ 3,513 ​ Total ​ $ 6,711 ​ $ 5,712 ​ $ 7,000 ​ ​ Provision for Income Taxes ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 Currently payable ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Federal ​ $ 720 ​ $ 534 ​ $ 698 ​ State ​ 123 ​ 59 ​ 109 ​ International ​ 633 ​ 673 ​ 763 ​ Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) non-current transition tax provision ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 176 ​ Deferred ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Federal ​ (59) ​ (32) ​ (38) ​ State ​ (20) ​ (26) ​ (17) ​ International ​ (79) ​ (78) ​ (54) ​ Total ​ $ 1,318 ​ $ 1,130 ​ $ 1,637 ​ ​ Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) 2020 2019 Deferred tax assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accruals not currently deductible ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Employee benefit costs ​ $ 232 ​ $ 169 ​ Product and other claims ​ 338 ​ 280 ​ Miscellaneous accruals ​ 153 ​ 119 ​ Pension costs ​ 849 ​ 824 ​ Stock-based compensation ​ 231 ​ 218 ​ Net operating/capital loss/tax credit carryforwards ​ 148 ​ 150 ​ Foreign tax credits ​ 100 ​ 66 ​ Currency translation ​ ​ 90 ​ ​ — ​ Inventory ​ ​ 54 ​ ​ 70 ​ Other ​ 112 ​ 113 ​ Gross deferred tax assets ​ 2,307 ​ 2,009 ​ Valuation allowance ​ (135) ​ (158) ​ Total deferred tax assets ​ $ 2,172 ​ $ 1,851 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Deferred tax liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Product and other insurance receivables ​ $ (4) ​ $ — ​ Accelerated depreciation ​ (607) ​ (580) ​ Intangible amortization ​ (1,023) ​ (1,021) ​ Currency translation ​ ​ — ​ ​ (30) ​ Other ​ — ​ — ​ Total deferred tax liabilities ​ $ (1,634) ​ $ (1,631) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net deferred tax assets ​ $ 538 ​ $ 220 ​ ​ The net deferred tax assets are included as components of Other Assets and Other Liabilities within the Consolidated Balance Sheet. See Note 7 “Supplemental Balance Sheet Information” for further details. ​ As of December 31, 2020, the Company had tax effected operating losses, capital losses, and tax credit carryovers for federal (approximately $108 million), state (approximately $84 million), and international (approximately $58 million), with all amounts before limitation impacts and valuation allowances. Federal tax attribute carryovers will expire after one one ​ Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2020 2019 2018 Statutory U.S. tax rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State income taxes - net of federal benefit 1.2 ​ 0.5 ​ 1.0 ​ International income taxes - net (1.2) ​ 0.2 ​ 0.2 ​ Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (GILTI) ​ 0.8 ​ 1.8 ​ 1.1 ​ Foreign Derived Intangible Income (FDII) ​ (1.8) ​ (2.9) ​ (1.3) ​ U.S. TCJA enactment - net impacts ​ — ​ — ​ 2.5 ​ U.S. research and development credit (1.0) ​ (1.7) ​ (1.5) ​ Reserves for tax contingencies 0.5 ​ 2.3 ​ 1.2 ​ Employee share-based payments ​ (0.5) ​ (1.3) ​ (1.4) ​ All other - net 0.6 ​ (0.1) ​ 0.6 ​ Effective worldwide tax rate 19.6 % 19.8 % 23.4 % ​ The effective tax rate for 2020 was 19.6 percent, compared to 19.8 percent in 2019, a decrease of 0.2 percentage points, impacted by several factors. Primary factors that decreased the effective tax rate for 2020 included geographical income mix and adjustments to uncertain tax positions. These decreases were partially offset by decreased benefit from stock options. ​ The effective tax rate for 2019 was 19.8 percent, compared to 23.4 percent in 2018, a decrease of 3.6 percentage points, impacted by several factors. Primary factors that decreased the effective tax rate for 2020 included prior year measurement period adjustments related to 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), prior year resolution of the NRD lawsuit (as described in Note 16), and geographical income mix. These decreases were partially offset by the deconsolidation of the Venezuelan subsidiary, adjustments to uncertain tax positions, and significant litigation-related charges. ​ The TCJA was enacted in December 2017, after which the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 118, which provided a measurement period of up to one year from the TCJA’s enactment date for companies to complete their accounting under ASC 740. In connection with the enactment of the TCJA, the Company recorded net charges of $176 million as measurement period adjustments in 2018, which are comprised of both a transition tax in addition to a remeasurement of deferred tax assets/liabilities and other impacts. ​ The TCJA’s transition tax is payable over eight years beginning in 2018. As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 3M reflected $584 million and $653 million, respectively, in long term income taxes payable. As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 3M reflected $69 million and $33 million, respectively, payable within one year associated with the transition tax. ​ The IRS has completed its field examination of the Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns for 2005 through 2016, but the years have not closed as the Company is in the process of resolving issues identified during those examinations. The Company is under examination or in appeals for 2017 through 2018. In addition to the U.S. federal examination, there is also audit activity in several U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions where the Company is subject to ongoing tax examinations and governmental assessments, which could be impacted by evolving political environments in those jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2020, no taxing authority proposed significant adjustments to the Company’s tax positions for which the Company is not adequately reserved. It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could significantly change within the next 12 months. The Company has ongoing federal, state and international income tax audits in various jurisdictions and evaluates uncertain tax positions that may be challenged by local tax authorities and not fully sustained. These uncertain tax positions are reviewed on an ongoing basis and adjusted in light of facts and circumstances including progression of tax audits, developments in case law and closing of statutes of limitation. At this time, the Company is not able to estimate the range by which these potential events could impact 3M’s unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months. ​ The Company recognizes the amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being ultimately realized upon settlement. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits (UTB) is as follows: ​ Federal, State and Foreign Tax ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 Gross UTB Balance at January 1 ​ $ 1,167 ​ $ 647 ​ $ 530 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Additions based on tax positions related to the current year ​ 74 ​ 76 ​ 129 ​ Additions for tax positions of prior years ​ 106 ​ 132 ​ 146 ​ Additions related to recent acquisitions ​ ​ — ​ ​ 396 ​ ​ — ​ Reductions for tax positions of prior years ​ (173) ​ (56) ​ (123) ​ Settlements ​ (8) ​ (4) ​ (17) ​ Reductions due to lapse of applicable statute of limitations ​ (53) ​ (24) ​ (18) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gross UTB Balance at December 31 ​ $ 1,113 ​ $ 1,167 ​ $ 647 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net UTB that would impact the effective tax rate at December 31 ​ $ 1,145 ​ $ 1,178 ​ $ 655 ​ ​ The total amount of UTB, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate by $1,145 million as of December 31, 2020, $1,178 million as of December 31, 2019, and $655 million as of December 31, 2018. The ending net UTB results from adjusting the gross balance for deferred items, interest and penalties, and deductible taxes. The net UTB is included as components of Other Assets, Accrued Income Taxes, and Other Liabilities within the Consolidated Balance Sheet. ​ The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense. The Company recognized in the consolidated statement of income on a gross basis approximately $21 million of expense, $33 million of expense, and $12 million of expense in 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The amount of interest and penalties recognized may be an expense or benefit due to new or remeasured unrecognized tax benefit accruals. At December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, accrued interest and penalties in the consolidated balance sheet on a gross basis were $126 million and $102 million, respectively. Included in these interest and penalty amounts are interest and penalties related to tax positions for which the ultimate deductibility is highly certain but for which there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility. ​ As a result of certain employment commitments and capital investments made by 3M, income from certain manufacturing activities in the following countries is subject to reduced tax rates or, in some cases, is exempt from tax for years through the following: China (2022), Switzerland (2023), Singapore (2025), and Brazil (2029). The income tax benefits attributable to the tax status of these subsidiaries are estimated to be $163 million (28 cents per diluted share) in 2020, $127 million (22 cents per diluted share) in 2019, and $227 million (38 cents per diluted share) in 2018. ​ As of December 31, 2020, the Company has approximately $15 billion of undistributed earnings in its foreign subsidiaries. During the third quarter of 2020, 3M determined that approximately $5 billion of these earnings are no longer considered permanently reinvested. The incremental tax cost to repatriate these earnings to the US is immaterial. The Company has not provided deferred taxes on approximately $10 billion of undistributed earnings from non-U.S. subsidiaries as of December 31, 2020 which are indefinitely reinvested in operations. Because of the multiple avenues by which to repatriate the earnings to minimize tax cost, and because a large portion of these earnings are not liquid, it is not practical to determine the income tax liability that would be payable if such earnings were not reinvested indefinitely. ​ In March 2020, in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. and across the globe, the United States Congress passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act. In December 2020, Congress passed a second relief package, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021.

Marketable Securities and Held-

Marketable Securities and Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Marketable Securities and Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities
Marketable Securities and Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities	NOTE 11. Marketable Securities and Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities ​ Marketable Securities ​ The Company invests in asset-backed securities, certificates of deposit/time deposits, commercial paper, and other securities. The following is a summary of amounts recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for marketable securities (current and non-current). ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) ​ December 31, 2020 ​ December 31, 2019 Corporate debt securities ​ $ 7 ​ $ — ​ Commercial paper ​ ​ 237 ​ ​ 85 ​ Certificates of deposit/time deposits ​ 31 ​ 10 ​ U.S. treasury securities ​ ​ 125 ​ ​ — ​ U.S. municipal securities ​ 4 ​ 3 ​ Current marketable securities ​ $ 404 ​ $ 98 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ U.S. municipal securities ​ $ 30 ​ $ 43 ​ Non-current marketable securities ​ $ 30 ​ $ 43 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total marketable securities ​ $ 434 ​ $ 141 ​ ​ At December 31, 2020 and 2019, gross unrealized, gross realized, and net realized gains and/or losses (pre-tax) were not material. ​ The balance at December 31, 2020, for marketable securities by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) December 31, 2020 Due in one year or less ​ $ 404 ​ Due after one year through five years ​ 15 ​ Due after five years through ten years ​ 15 ​ Total marketable securities ​ $ 434 ​ ​ Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities ​ In connection with the in-substance debt defeasance of the Third Lien Notes described in Note 12, the Company purchased a $0.5 billion U.S. Treasury security in the fourth quarter of 2019 and transferred it to a trust with irrevocable instructions to use the proceeds from its maturity to satisfy the redemption of the Third Lien Notes that occurred in May 2020. At December 31, 2019, this debt security was considered held-to-maturity due to the restrictions in satisfying and discharging the Third Lien Notes, was carried at amortized cost, and was reflected in other current assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. At December 31, 2019, the difference between the amortized cost of the U.S. Treasury security and its fair value was not material. Upon the maturity of the debt security in May 2020, the Company has no held-to-maturity debt securities.

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term B

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings
Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings	NOTE 12. Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings ​ The following debt tables reflect effective interest rates, which include the impact of interest rate swaps, as of December 31, 2020. If the debt was issued on a combined basis, the debt has been separated to show the impact of the fixed versus floating effective interest rates. Carrying value includes the impact of debt issuance costs and fair value hedging activity. For notes subject to in-substance defeasance, the final maturity reflected below is that associated with the redemption date included in the irrevocable instructions given to the trust. Long-term debt and short-term borrowings as of December 31 consisted of the following: ​ Long-Term Debt ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) ​ Currency/ ​ Effective ​ Final ​ Carrying Value Description / 2020 Principal Amount ​ Fixed vs. Floating ​ Interest Rate ​ Maturity Date ​ 2020 ​ 2019 Third lien senior secured notes subject to in-substance defeasance (repaid in 2020) USD Fixed — % 2020 ​ $ — ​ $ 463 ​ Medium-term note (repaid in 2020) EUR Floating — % 2020 ​ — ​ 726 ​ Medium-term note (repaid in 2020) USD Floating — % 2020 ​ — ​ 299 ​ Medium-term note (repaid in 2020) USD Floating — % 2020 ​ — ​ 200 ​ Medium-term note (repaid in 2020) USD Fixed — % 2020 ​ — ​ 599 ​ Medium-term note (repaid in 2020) USD Fixed — % 2020 ​ — ​ 199 ​ Medium-term note (repaid in 2020) USD Floating — % 2020 ​ — ​ 204 ​ Eurobond (300 million euros) EUR Floating (0.28) % 2021 ​ 374 ​ 346 ​ Eurobond (300 million euros) EUR Fixed 1.97 % 2021 ​ 367 ​ 334 ​ Medium-term note (500 million euros) EUR Fixed 0.45 % 2022 ​ 612 ​ 557 ​ Medium-term note ($600 million) USD Fixed 2.17 % 2022 ​ 598 ​ 597 ​ Medium-term note ($450 million) USD Fixed 2.76 % 2022 ​ 449 ​ 449 ​ Medium-term note (600 million euros) EUR Fixed 1.14 % 2023 ​ 731 ​ 665 ​ Medium-term note ($650 million) USD Fixed 2.26 % 2023 ​ 649 ​ 648 ​ Registered note ($500 million) USD Fixed 1.86 % 2023 ​ 498 ​ 497 ​ Medium-term note ($300 million) USD Floating 0.52 % 2024 ​ 299 ​ 299 ​ Medium-term note ($300 million) USD Fixed 3.30 % 2024 ​ 299 ​ 299 ​ Medium-term note ($500 million) USD Fixed 2.98 % 2024 ​ 502 ​ 503 ​ Medium-term note ($550 million) USD Fixed 3.04 % 2025 ​ 548 ​ 547 ​ Registered note ($750 million) USD Fixed 2.12 % 2025 ​ 744 ​ 743 ​ Registered note ($500 million) USD Fixed 2.67 % 2025 ​ 498 ​ — ​ Medium-term note (750 million euros) EUR Fixed 1.66 % 2026 ​ 908 ​ 826 ​ Medium-term note ($650 million) USD Fixed 2.37 % 2026 ​ 644 ​ 643 ​ Medium-term note ($850 million) USD Fixed 2.95 % 2027 ​ 843 ​ 842 ​ 30-year debenture ($220 million) USD Fixed 6.44 % 2028 ​ 225 ​ 226 ​ Medium-term note ($600 million) USD Fixed 3.62 % 2028 ​ 598 ​ 597 ​ Medium-term note ($800 million) USD Fixed 3.38 % 2029 ​ 796 ​ 796 ​ Registered note ($1 billion) USD Fixed 2.50 % 2029 ​ 986 ​ 984 ​ Medium-term note (500 million euros) EUR Fixed 1.90 % 2030 ​ 604 ​ 549 ​ Registered note ($600 million) USD Fixed 3.09 % 2030 ​ 595 ​ — ​ Medium-term note (500 million euros) EUR Fixed 1.54 % 2031 ​ 608 ​ 554 ​ 30-year bond ($555 million) USD Fixed 5.73 % 2037 ​ 551 ​ 551 ​ Floating rate note ($96 million) USD Floating — % 2041 ​ 96 ​ 96 ​ Medium-term note ($325 million) USD Fixed 4.05 % 2044 ​ 315 ​ 314 ​ Floating rate note ($55 million) USD Floating — % 2044 ​ 53 ​ 53 ​ Medium-term note ($500 million) USD Fixed 3.37 % 2046 ​ 476 ​ 475 ​ Medium-term note ($500 million) USD Fixed 3.68 % 2047 ​ 492 ​ 492 ​ Medium-term note ($650 million) USD Fixed 4.07 % 2048 ​ 637 ​ 637 ​ Medium-term note ($500 million) USD Fixed 3.78 % 2048 ​ 505 ​ 506 ​ Registered note ($1 billion) USD Fixed 3.37 % 2049 ​ 969 ​ 968 ​ Registered note ($650 million) USD Fixed 3.72 % 2050 ​ 642 ​ — ​ Other borrowings Various 0.01 % 2021-2040 ​ 72 ​ 76 ​ Total long-term debt ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 18,783 ​ $ 19,359 ​ Less: current portion of long-term debt ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 794 ​ 1,841 ​ Long-term debt (excluding current portion) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 17,989 ​ $ 17,518 ​ ​ Post-Swap Borrowing (Long-Term Debt, Including Current Portion) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2019 ​ Carrying Effective Carrying Effective (Millions) ​ Value ​ Interest Rate ​ Value ​ Interest Rate Fixed-rate debt ​ $ 17,889 2.80 % $ 17,061 3.01 % Floating-rate debt ​ 894 0.06 % 2,298 1.06 % Total long-term debt, including current portion ​ $ 18,783 ​ ​ ​ $ 19,359 ​ ​ ​ ​ Short-Term Borrowings and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Effective ​ Carrying Value (Millions) Interest Rate 2020 2019 Current portion of long-term debt 0.78 % $ 794 ​ $ 1,841 ​ U.S. dollar commercial paper — % — ​ 150 ​ Japan subsidiary credit facility ​ — % ​ — ​ 632 ​ German subsidiary credit facility ​ — % ​ — ​ 168 ​ Other borrowings 4.83 % 12 ​ 4 ​ Total short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt ​ ​ ​ $ 806 ​ $ 2,795 ​ ​ Other short-term borrowings primarily consisted of bank borrowings by international subsidiaries. ​ Future Maturities of Long-term Debt ​ Maturities of long-term debt in the table below reflect the impact of put provisions associated with certain debt instruments and are net of the unaccreted debt issue costs such that total maturities equal the carrying value of long-term debt as of December 31, 2020. The maturities of long-term debt for the periods subsequent to December 31, 2020 are as follows (in millions): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ After ​ ​ 2021 ​ 2022 ​ 2023 ​ 2024 ​ 2025 ​ 2025 ​ Total $ 794 ​ $ 1,659 ​ $ 1,878 ​ $ 1,100 ​ $ 1,790 ​ $ 11,562 ​ $ 18,783 ​ ​ As a result of put provisions associated with certain debt instruments, long-term debt payments due in 2021 include floating rate notes totaling $53 million (classified as current portion of long-term debt). ​ Credit Facilities ​ In November 2019, 3M amended and restated its existing $3.75 billion five-year revolving credit facility expiring in March 2021 to a $3.0 billion five-year revolving credit facility expiring in November 2024. The revolving credit agreement includes a provision under which 3M may request an increase of up to $1.0 billion (at lender’s discretion), bringing the total facility up to $4.0 billion. In addition, 3M entered into a $1.25 billion 364-day 364-day ​ Other Credit Facilities ​ Apart from the committed credit facilities described above, in September 2019, 3M entered into a credit facility initially expiring in July 2020 that was further extended to August 2021 in the amount of 80 billion Japanese yen. In November 2019, 3M entered into a credit facility expiring in November 2020 in the amount of 150 million euros. During the third quarter of 2020, the Company paid the outstanding balances and closed these credit facilities. ​ The Company also had an additional $273 million in stand-alone letters of credit and bank guarantees issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020. These instruments are utilized in connection with normal business activities. ​ Long-Term Debt Issuances ​ The principal amounts, interest rates and maturity dates of individual long-term debt issuances can be found in the long-term debt table found at the beginning of this note. ​ In March 2020, 3M issued $1.75 billion aggregate principal amount of fixed rate registered notes. These were comprised of $500 million of 5-year notes due 2025 with a coupon rate of 2.65%, $600 million of 10-year notes due 2030 with a coupon rate of 3.05%, and $650 million of 30-year notes due 2050 with a coupon rate of 3.70%. ​ In February 2019, 3M issued $2.25 billion aggregate principal amount of fixed rate medium-term notes. These were comprised of $450 million of 3-year notes due 2022 with a coupon rate of 2.75%, $500 million of remaining 5-year notes due 2024 with a coupon rate of 3.25%, $800 million of 10-year notes due 2029 with a coupon rate of 3.375%, and $500 million of remaining 29.5-year notes due 2048 with a coupon rate of 4.00%. Issuances of the 5-year and 29.5-year notes were pursuant to a reopening of existing securities issued in September 2018. ​ In August 2019, 3M issued $3.25 billion aggregate principal amount of fixed rate registered notes. These were comprised of $500 million of 3.5-year notes due 2023 with a coupon rate of 1.75%, $750 million of 5.5-year notes due 2025 with a coupon rate of 2.00%, $1.0 billion of 10-year notes due 2029 with a coupon rate of 2.375%, and $1.0 billion of 30-year notes due 2049 with a coupon rate of 3.25%. ​ In September 2018, 3M issued $2.25 billion aggregate principal amount of medium-term notes. These were comprised of $400 million of 3-year fixed rate notes due 2021 with a coupon rate of 3.00%, $300 million of 5.5-year fixed rate notes due 2024 with a coupon rate of 3.25%, $300 million of 5.5-year floating rate notes due 2024 with a rate based on a floating three three ​ Long-Term Debt Maturities and Extinguishments ​ In December 2020, 3M, via make-whole-call offers, repaid $1 billion aggregate principal amount of its outstanding notes. This included $400 million aggregate principal amount of 3.00% notes and $600 million aggregate principal amount of 1.625% notes, both of which were due to mature in 2021. The Company recorded an early debt extinguishment pre-tax charge of approximately $10 million within interest expense. This charge reflected the differential between the carrying value and the amount paid to reacquire the notes and related expenses. ​ In May 2020, 3M repaid the aggregate $445 million principal amount of Third Lien notes subject to the in-substance defeasance noted below and repaid 650 million euros aggregate principal amount of floating-rate medium-term notes that matured. In August 2020, 3M repaid $500 million aggregate principal amount of floating rate medium-term notes that matured. ​ In June 2019, 3M repaid $625 million aggregate principal amount of fixed-rate medium-term notes that matured. ​ In 2019, 3M also assumed approximately $2.6 billion of debt in connection with the acquisitions of Acelity and M*Modal (See Note 3) of which $2.1 billion was immediately redeemed or paid at close. ​ In November and August 2018, respectively, 3M repaid 500 million euros and $450 million aggregate principal amount of floating rate medium-term notes that matured. ​ In-Substance Defeasance ​ In conjunction with the October 2019 acquisition of Acelity (see Note 3), 3M assumed outstanding debt of the business, of which $445 million in principal amount of third lien senior secured notes (Third Lien Notes) maturing in 2021 with a coupon rate of 12.5% was not immediately redeemed at closing. Instead, at closing, 3M satisfied and discharged the Third Lien Notes via an in-substance defeasance, whereby 3M transferred cash equivalents and marketable securities to a trust with irrevocable instructions to redeem the Third Lien Notes on May 1, 2020. The trust assets were restricted from use in 3M’s operations and were only used for the redemption of the Third Lien Notes that occurred in May 2020. These actions, however, did not represent a legal defeasance. Therefore, this debt was included in current portion of long-term debt and the related trust assets were included in current assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019. ​ Floating Rate Notes ​ At various times, 3M has issued floating rate notes containing put provisions. 3M would be required to repurchase these securities at various prices ranging from 99 percent to 100 percent of par value according to the reduction schedules for each security. In December 2004, 3M issued a forty-year $60 million floating rate note, with a rate based on a floating LIBOR index. Under the terms of this floating rate note due in 2044, holders have an annual put feature at 100 percent of par value from 2014 and every anniversary thereafter until final maturity. Under the terms of the floating rate notes due in 2027, 2040 and 2041, holders have put options that commence ten years from the date of issuance and each third anniversary thereafter until final maturity at prices ranging from 99 percent to 100 percent of par value. For the periods presented, 3M was required to repurchase an immaterial amount of principal on the aforementioned floating rate notes.

Pension and Postretirement Bene

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans	NOTE 13. Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans ​ 3M has company-sponsored retirement plans covering substantially all U.S. employees and many employees outside the United States. In total, 3M has over 75 defined benefit plans in 28 countries. Pension benefits associated with these plans generally are based on each participant’s years of service, compensation, and age at retirement or termination. The primary U.S. defined-benefit pension plan was closed to new participants effective January 1, 2009. The Company also provides certain postretirement health care and life insurance benefits for its U.S. employees who reach retirement age while employed by the Company and were employed by the Company prior to January 1, 2016. Most international employees and retirees are covered by government health care programs. The cost of company-provided postretirement health care plans for international employees is not material and is combined with U.S. amounts in the tables that follow. ​ The Company has made deposits for its defined benefit plans with independent trustees. Trust funds and deposits with insurance companies are maintained to provide pension benefits to plan participants and their beneficiaries. There are no plan assets in the non-qualified plan due to its nature. For its U.S. postretirement health care and life insurance benefit plans, the Company has set aside amounts at least equal to annual benefit payments with an independent trustee. ​ The Company also sponsors employee savings plans under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. These plans are offered to substantially all regular U.S. employees. For eligible employees hired prior to January 1, 2009, employee 401(k) contributions of up to 5% of eligible compensation matched in cash at rates of 45% or 60%, depending on the plan in which the employee participates. Employees hired on or after January 1, 2009, receive a cash match of 100% for employee 401(k) contributions of up to 5% of eligible compensation and receive an employer retirement income account cash contribution of 3% of the participant’s total eligible compensation. All contributions are invested in a number of investment funds pursuant to the employees’ elections. Employer contributions to the U.S. defined contribution plans were $201 million, $186 million and $173 million for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. 3M subsidiaries in various international countries also participate in defined contribution plans. Employer contributions to the international defined contribution plans were $103 million, $96 million and $99 million for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. ​ In May 2019 (as part of the 2019 restructuring actions discussed in Note 5), the Company began offering a voluntary early retirement incentive program to certain eligible participants of its U.S. pension plans who meet age and years of pension service requirements. The eligible participants who accepted the offer and retired by July 1, 2019 received an enhanced pension benefit. Pension benefits were enhanced by adding one additional year of pension service and one additional year of age for certain benefit calculations. Approximately 800 participants accepted the offer and retired before July 1, 2019. As a result, the Company incurred a $35 million charge related to these special termination benefits in the second quarter of 2019. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company recognized a non-operating $32 million settlement expense in its U.S. non-qualified pension plan. The charge is related to lump sum payments made to employees at retirement. The settlement expense is an accelerated recognition of past actuarial losses. ​ In May 2019, 3M modified the 3M Retiree Life Insurance Plan postretirement benefit to close it to new participants effective August 1, 2019 (which results in employees who retire on or after August 1, 2019 not being eligible to participate in the plan) and reducing the maximum life insurance and death benefit to $8,000 for deaths on or after August 1, 2019. Due to these changes, the plan was re-measured in the second quarter of 2019, resulting in a decrease to the accumulated projected benefit obligation liability of approximately $150 million and a related increase to shareholders’ equity, specifically accumulated other comprehensive income in addition to an immaterial income statement benefit prospectively. ​ In the second quarter of 2020, as a result of the divestiture of the drug delivery business, the Company recognized a curtailment in its United Kingdom Pension Plan. The resulting re-measurement of the pension plan funded status reduced long-term prepaid pension and post retirement assets (located within “other assets” of the Company’s balance sheet) by approximately $80 million, which was offset ​ The following tables include a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets as well as a summary of the related amounts recognized in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31 of the respective years. 3M also has certain non-qualified unfunded pension and postretirement benefit plans, inclusive of plans related to supplement/excess benefits for employees impacted by particular relocations and other matters, that individually and in the aggregate are not significant and which are not included in the tables that follow. The obligations for these plans are included within other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet and aggregated less than $40 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pension Benefits ​ Postretirement ​ ​ United States ​ International ​ Benefits (Millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 Change in benefit obligation ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Benefit obligation at beginning of year ​ $ 17,935 ​ $ 15,948 ​ $ 7,931 ​ $ 6,965 ​ $ 2,242 ​ $ 2,175 ​ Acquisitions/Transfers ​ — ​ — ​ 1 ​ 9 ​ — ​ — ​ Service cost ​ 261 ​ 251 ​ 152 ​ 131 ​ 43 ​ 43 ​ Interest cost ​ 499 ​ 620 ​ 117 ​ 156 ​ 62 ​ 82 ​ Participant contributions ​ — ​ — ​ 9 ​ 7 ​ — ​ — ​ Foreign exchange rate changes ​ — ​ — ​ 427 ​ 55 ​ (14) ​ — ​ Plan amendments ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 3 ​ — ​ (171) ​ Actuarial (gain) loss ​ 1,785 ​ 2,209 ​ 464 ​ 906 ​ 176 ​ 225 ​ Benefit payments ​ (1,104) ​ (1,128) ​ (274) ​ (302) ​ (107) ​ (112) ​ Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other ​ — ​ 35 ​ (57) ​ 1 ​ ​ (5) ​ — ​ Benefit obligation at end of year ​ $ 19,376 ​ $ 17,935 ​ $ 8,770 ​ $ 7,931 ​ $ 2,397 ​ $ 2,242 ​ Change in plan assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year ​ $ 16,099 ​ $ 14,803 ​ $ 6,923 ​ $ 6,170 ​ $ 1,338 ​ $ 1,260 ​ Acquisitions/Transfers ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 4 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Actual return on plan assets ​ 2,071 ​ 2,323 ​ 1,102 ​ 858 ​ 147 ​ 187 ​ Company contributions ​ 61 ​ 101 ​ 92 ​ 106 ​ 3 ​ 3 ​ Participant contributions ​ — ​ — ​ 9 ​ 7 ​ — ​ — ​ Foreign exchange rate changes ​ — ​ — ​ 376 ​ 80 ​ — ​ — ​ Benefit payments ​ (1,104) ​ (1,128) ​ (274) ​ (302) ​ (107) ​ (112) ​ Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other ​ — ​ — ​ (34) ​ — ​ (5) ​ — ​ Fair value of plan assets at end of year ​ $ 17,127 ​ $ 16,099 ​ $ 8,194 ​ $ 6,923 ​ $ 1,376 ​ $ 1,338 ​ Funded status at end of year ​ $ (2,249) ​ $ (1,836) ​ $ (576) ​ $ (1,008) ​ $ (1,021) ​ $ (904) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pension Benefits ​ Postretirement ​ ​ United States ​ International ​ Benefits (Millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of Dec. 31, ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Non-current assets ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 630 ​ $ 230 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ Accrued benefit cost ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current liabilities ​ (52) ​ (48) ​ (15) ​ (15) ​ (4) ​ (4) ​ Non-current liabilities ​ (2,197) ​ (1,788) ​ (1,191) ​ (1,223) ​ (1,017) ​ (900) ​ Ending balance ​ $ (2,249) ​ $ (1,836) ​ $ (576) ​ $ (1,008) ​ $ (1,021) ​ $ (904) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pension Benefits ​ Postretirement ​ ​ United States ​ International ​ Benefits (Millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income as of Dec. 31, ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net transition obligation (asset) ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 9 ​ $ 10 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ Net actuarial loss (gain) ​ ​ 6,080 ​ ​ 5,899 ​ ​ 1,557 ​ ​ 1,967 ​ ​ 713 ​ ​ 663 ​ Prior service cost (credit) ​ (104) ​ (128) ​ (2) ​ (5) ​ (230) ​ (262) ​ Ending balance ​ $ 5,976 ​ $ 5,771 ​ $ 1,564 ​ $ 1,972 ​ $ 483 ​ $ 401 ​ ​ ​ The balance of amounts recognized for international plans in accumulated other comprehensive income as of December 31 in the preceding table are presented based on the foreign currency exchange rate on that date. ​ The pension accumulated benefit obligation represents the actuarial present value of benefits based on employee service and compensation as of the measurement date and does not include an assumption about future compensation levels. The accumulated benefit obligation of the U.S. pension plans was $18.441 billion and $17.125 billion at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The accumulated benefit obligation of the international pension plans was $8.181 billion and $7.355 billion at December 31, 2020 and 2018, respectively. ​ The following amounts relate to pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets as of December 31: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Plans ​ ​ United States ​ International (Millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019 Projected benefit obligation ​ $ 19,376 ​ $ 17,935 ​ $ 3,385 ​ $ 2,986 ​ Accumulated benefit obligation ​ 18,441 ​ 17,125 ​ 3,119 ​ 2,752 ​ Fair value of plan assets ​ 17,127 ​ 16,099 ​ 2,199 ​ 1,778 ​ ​ ​ Components of net periodic cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income ​ The service cost component of defined benefit net periodic benefit cost is recorded in cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses, and research, development and related expenses. As discussed in Note 6, the other components of net periodic benefit cost are reflected in other expense (income), net. Components of net periodic benefit cost and other supplemental information for the years ended December 31 follow: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pension Benefits ​ Postretirement ​ ​ United States ​ International ​ Benefits (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating expense ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Service cost ​ ​ $ 261 ​ $ 251 ​ $ 288 ​ $ 152 ​ $ 131 ​ $ 143 ​ $ 43 ​ $ 43 ​ $ 52 ​ Non-operating expense ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interest cost ​ ​ 499 ​ 620 ​ 563 ​ 117 ​ 156 ​ 157 ​ 62 ​ 82 ​ 79 ​ Expected return on plan assets ​ ​ (1,019) ​ (1,040) ​ (1,087) ​ (306) ​ (299) ​ (307) ​ (79) ​ (81) ​ (84) ​ Amortization of transition asset ​ ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 2 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ Amortization of prior service benefit ​ ​ (24) ​ (24) ​ (23) ​ (5) ​ (12) ​ (13) ​ (33) ​ (33) ​ (40) ​ Amortization of net actuarial loss ​ ​ ​ 536 ​ ​ 366 ​ ​ 503 ​ ​ 131 ​ ​ 78 ​ ​ 114 ​ ​ 49 ​ ​ 34 ​ ​ 61 ​ Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other ​ ​ 16 ​ 70 ​ — ​ 1 ​ 10 ​ 4 ​ 3 ​ 5 ​ — ​ Total non-operating expense (benefit) ​ ​ ​ 8 ​ ​ (8) ​ ​ (44) ​ ​ (60) ​ ​ (67) ​ ​ (45) ​ ​ 2 ​ ​ 7 ​ ​ 16 ​ Total net periodic benefit cost (benefit) ​ ​ $ 269 ​ $ 243 ​ $ 244 ​ $ 92 ​ $ 64 ​ $ 98 ​ $ 45 ​ $ 50 ​ $ 68 ​ Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amortization of transition asset ​ ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ (2) ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ Prior service cost (benefit) ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 3 ​ ​ 7 ​ ​ — ​ ​ (171) ​ ​ — ​ Amortization of prior service benefit ​ ​ 24 ​ 24 ​ 23 ​ 5 ​ 12 ​ 13 ​ 33 ​ 33 ​ 40 ​ Net actuarial (gain) loss ​ ​ 733 ​ 926 ​ (44) ​ (358) ​ 344 ​ 194 ​ 108 ​ 119 ​ (127) ​ Amortization of net actuarial loss ​ ​ (536) ​ (366) ​ (503) ​ (131) ​ (78) ​ (114) ​ (49) ​ (34) ​ (61) ​ Foreign currency ​ ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 79 ​ 7 ​ (83) ​ (7) ​ (1) ​ (2) ​ Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other ​ ​ ​ (16) ​ ​ (35) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (1) ​ ​ (8) ​ ​ (4) ​ ​ (3) ​ ​ (5) ​ ​ — ​ Total recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss ​ ​ $ 205 ​ $ 549 ​ $ (524) ​ $ (408) ​ $ 280 ​ $ 13 ​ $ 82 ​ $ (59) ​ $ (150) ​ Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost (benefit) and other comprehensive (income) loss ​ ​ $ 474 ​ $ 792 ​ $ (280) ​ $ (316) ​ $ 344 ​ $ 111 ​ $ 127 ​ $ (9) ​ $ (82) ​ ​ Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits ​ Postretirement ​ ​ United States ​ International ​ Benefits ​ 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Discount rate 2.55 % 3.25 % 4.36 % 1.38 % 1.81 % 2.50 % 2.50 % 3.27 % 4.41 % Compensation rate increase 3.21 % 3.21 % 4.10 % 2.88 % 2.88 % 2.89 % N/A ​ N/A ​ N/A ​ ​ Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net cost for years ended December 31 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits ​ Postretirement ​ ​ United States ​ International ​ Benefits ​ 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Discount rate - service cost 3.41 % 4.44 % 3.78 % 1.61 % 2.39 % 2.27 % 3.45 % 4.53 % 3.86 % Discount rate - interest cost ​ 2.87 % 4.02 % 3.35 % 1.61 % 2.26 % 2.14 % 3.00 % 4.15 % 3.52 % Expected return on assets 6.75 % 7.00 % 7.25 % 4.70 % 4.90 % 5.02 % 6.32 % 6.43 % 6.53 % Compensation rate increase 3.21 % 4.10 % 4.10 % 2.88 % 2.89 % 2.89 % N/A ​ N/A ​ N/A ​ ​ The Company provides eligible retirees in the U.S. postretirement health care benefit plans to a savings account benefits-based plan. The contributions provided by the Company to the health savings accounts increase 3 percent per year for employees who retired prior to January 1, 2016 and increase 1.5 percent for employees who retire on or after January 1, 2016. Therefore, the Company no longer has material exposure to health care cost inflation. ​ The Company determines the discount rate used to measure plan liabilities as of the December 31 measurement date for the pension and postretirement benefit plans, which is also the date used for the related annual measurement assumptions. The discount rate reflects the current rate at which the associated liabilities could be effectively settled at the end of the year. The Company sets its rate to reflect the yield of a portfolio of high quality, fixed-income debt instruments that would produce cash flows sufficient in timing and amount to settle projected future benefits. Using this methodology, the Company determined a discount rate of 2.55% for the U.S. pension plans and 2.50% for the postretirement benefit plans as of December 31, 2020, which is a decrease of 0.70 percentage points and 0.77 percentage points, respectively, from the rates used as of December 31, 2019. A decrease in the discount rate increases the Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO), the significant decrease in the discount rate as of December 31, 2020 resulted in an approximately $1.8 billion higher benefit obligation for the U.S. pension and postretirement plans. ​ The Company measures service cost and interest cost separately using the spot yield curve approach applied to each corresponding obligation. Service costs are determined based on duration-specific spot rates applied to the service cost cash flows. The interest cost calculation is determined by applying duration-specific spot rates to the year-by-year projected benefit payments. The spot yield curve approach does not affect the measurement of the total benefit obligations as the change in service and interest costs offset in the actuarial gains and losses recorded in other comprehensive income. ​ For the primary U.S. qualified pension plan, the Company’s assumption for the expected return on plan assets was 6.75% in 2020. Projected returns are based primarily on broad, publicly traded equity and fixed-income indices and forward-looking estimates of active portfolio and investment management. As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s 2021 expected long-term rate of return on U.S. plan assets is 6.50%. The expected return assumption is based on the strategic asset allocation of the plan, long term capital market return expectations and expected performance from active investment management. The 2020 expected long-term rate of return is based on an asset allocation assumption of 22% global equities, 12% private equities, 49% fixed-income securities, and 17% absolute return investments independent of traditional performance benchmarks, along with positive returns from active investment management. The actual net rate of return on plan assets in 2020 was 13.6%. In 2019 the plan earned a rate of return of 16.3% and in 2018 earned a return of -0.5%. The average annual actual return on the plan assets over the past 10 ​ As of December 31, 2019, the Company converted to the “Pri-2012 Aggregate Mortality Table”. In 2020, the Company updated the mortality improvement scales to the Society of Actuaries Scale MP-2020. The December 31, 2020 update resulted in an immaterial decrease to the U.S. pension PBO and U.S. accumulated postretirement benefit obligations. ​ During 2020, the Company contributed $153 million to its U.S. and international pension plans and $3 million to its postretirement plans. During 2019, the Company contributed $207 million to its U.S. and international pension plans and $3 million to its postretirement plans. In 2021, the Company expects to contribute an amount in the range of $100 million to $200 million of cash to its U.S. and international retirement plans. The Company does not have a required minimum cash pension contribution obligation for its U.S. plans in 2021. Future contributions will depend on market conditions, interest rates and other factors. ​ Future Pension and Postretirement Benefit Payments ​ The following table provides the estimated pension and postretirement benefit payments that are payable from the plans to participants. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pension Benefits ​ Postretirement (Millions) United States International Benefits 2021 Benefit Payments ​ $ 1,127 ​ $ 263 ​ $ 127 ​ 2022 Benefit Payments ​ 1,134 ​ 276 ​ 133 ​ 2023 Benefit Payments ​ 1,135 ​ 292 ​ 140 ​ 2024 Benefit Payments ​ 1,134 ​ 311 ​ 145 ​ 2025 Benefit Payments ​ 1,139 ​ 319 ​ 152 ​ Next five years ​ 5,619 ​ 1,752 ​ 792 ​ ​ Plan Asset Management ​ 3M’s investment strategy for its pension and postretirement plans is to manage the funds on a going-concern basis. The primary goal of the trust funds is to meet the obligations as required. The secondary goal is to earn the highest rate of return possible, without jeopardizing its primary goal, and without subjecting the Company to an undue amount of contribution risk. Fund returns are used to help finance present and future obligations to the extent possible within actuarially determined funding limits and tax-determined asset limits, thus reducing the potential need for additional contributions from 3M. The investment strategy has used long duration cash bonds and derivative instruments to offset a significant portion of the interest rate sensitivity of U.S. pension liabilities. ​ Normally, 3M does not buy or sell any of its own securities as a direct investment for its pension and other postretirement benefit funds. However, due to external investment management of the funds, the plans may indirectly buy, sell or hold 3M securities. The aggregate amount of 3M securities are not considered to be material relative to the aggregate fund percentages. ​ The discussion that follows references the fair value measurements of certain assets in terms of levels 1, 2 and 3. See Note 15 for descriptions of these levels. While the company believes the valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. ​ U.S. Pension Plans and Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets ​ In order to achieve the investment objectives in the U.S. pension plans and U.S. postretirement benefit plans, the investment policies include a target strategic asset allocation. The investment policies allow some tolerance around the target in recognition that market fluctuations and illiquidity of some investments may cause the allocation to a specific asset class to vary from the target allocation, potentially for long periods of time. Acceptable ranges have been designed to allow for deviation from strategic targets and to allow for the opportunity for tactical over- and under-weights. The portfolios will normally be rebalanced when the quarter-end asset allocation deviates from acceptable ranges. The allocation is reviewed regularly by the named fiduciary of the plans. Approximately 50% of the postretirement benefit plan assets are in a 401(h) account. The 401(h) account assets are in the same trust as the primary U.S. pension plan and invested with the same investment objectives as the primary U.S. pension plan. ​ The fair values of the assets held by the U.S. pension plans by asset class are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as ​ Fair Value at (Millions) ​ Level 1 ​ Level 2 ​ Level 3 ​ Dec. 31, Asset Class 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 Equities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ U.S. equities ​ $ 2,082 ​ $ 1,575 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 2,082 ​ $ 1,575 ​ Non-U.S. equities ​ 2,041 ​ 1,585 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 2,041 ​ 1,585 ​ Index and long/short equity funds* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 433 ​ 417 ​ Total Equities ​ $ 4,123 ​ $ 3,160 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 4,556 ​ $ 3,577 ​ Fixed Income ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ U.S. government securities ​ $ 1,301 ​ $ 2,346 ​ $ 978 ​ $ 916 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 2,279 ​ $ 3,262 ​ Non-U.S. government securities ​ — ​ — ​ 71 ​ 61 ​ — ​ — ​ 71 ​ 61 ​ Preferred and convertible securities ​ — ​ — ​ 55 ​ 52 ​ — ​ — ​ 55 ​ 52 ​ U.S. corporate bonds ​ 10 ​ 10 ​ 4,501 ​ 3,566 ​ — ​ — ​ 4,511 ​ 3,576 ​ Non-U.S. corporate bonds ​ — ​ — ​ 820 ​ 759 ​ — ​ — ​ 820 ​ 759 ​ Derivative instruments ​ (4) ​ (5) ​ 7 ​ 109 ​ — ​ — ​ 3 ​ 104 ​ Other* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 71 ​ — ​ Total Fixed Income ​ $ 1,307 ​ $ 2,351 ​ $ 6,432 ​ $ 5,463 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 7,810 ​ $ 7,814 ​ Private Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Growth equity ​ $ 70 ​ $ 80 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 70 ​ $ 80 ​ Partnership investments* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,801 ​ 1,865 ​ Total Private Equity ​ $ 70 ​ $ 80 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 1,871 ​ $ 1,945 ​ Absolute Return ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fixed income and other ​ $ — ​ $ 1 ​ $ 134 ​ $ 117 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 134 ​ $ 118 ​ Hedge fund/fund of funds* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,046 ​ 2,010 ​ Partnership investments* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 567 ​ 589 ​ Total Absolute Return ​ $ — ​ $ 1 ​ $ 134 ​ $ 117 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 2,747 ​ $ 2,717 ​ Cash and Cash Equivalents ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash and cash equivalents ​ $ 25 ​ $ 20 ​ $ 12 ​ $ 5 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 37 ​ $ 25 ​ Repurchase agreements and derivative margin activity ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ (6) ​ ​ (1) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ (6) ​ ​ (1) ​ Cash and cash equivalents, valued at net asset value* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 475 ​ 480 ​ Total Cash and Cash Equivalents ​ $ 25 ​ $ 20 ​ $ 6 ​ $ 4 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 506 ​ $ 504 ​ Total ​ $ 5,525 ​ $ 5,612 ​ $ 6,572 ​ $ 5,584 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 17,490 ​ $ 16,557 ​ Other items to reconcile to fair value of plan assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (363) ​ $ (458) ​ Fair value of plan assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 17,127 ​ $ 16,099 ​ ​ * In accordance with ASC 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value (NAV) per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The NAV is based on the fair value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus its liabilities then divided by the number of units outstanding and is determined by the investment manager or custodian of the fund. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the fair value of plan assets. ​ The fair values of the assets held by the postretirement benefit plans by asset class are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as ​ Fair Value at (Millions) ​ Level 1 ​ Level 2 ​ Level 3 ​ Dec. 31, Asset Class 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 Equities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ U.S. equities ​ $ 347 ​ $ 337 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 347 ​ $ 337 ​ Non-U.S. equities ​ 103 ​ 77 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 103 ​ 77 ​ Index and long/short equity funds* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 31 ​ 33 ​ Total Equities ​ $ 450 ​ $ 414 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 481 ​ $ 447 ​ Fixed Income ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ U.S. government securities ​ $ 95 ​ $ 136 ​ $ 214 ​ $ 242 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 309 ​ $ 378 ​ Non-U.S. government securities ​ — ​ — ​ 6 ​ 6 ​ — ​ — ​ 6 ​ 6 ​ U.S. corporate bonds ​ 1 ​ — ​ 267 ​ 203 ​ — ​ — ​ 268 ​ 203 ​ Non-U.S. corporate bonds ​ — ​ — ​ 52 ​ 46 ​ — ​ — ​ 52 ​ 46 ​ Derivative instruments ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 5 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 5 ​ Other* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3 ​ — ​ Total Fixed Income ​ $ 96 ​ $ 136 ​ $ 539 ​ $ 502 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 638 ​ $ 638 ​ Private Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Growth equity ​ $ 3 ​ $ 4 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 3 ​ $ 4 ​ Partnership investments* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 95 ​ 92 ​ Total Private Equity ​ $ 3 ​ $ 4 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 98 ​ $ 96 ​ Absolute Return ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fixed income and other ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 7 ​ $ 5 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 7 ​ $ 5 ​ Hedge fund/fund of funds* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100 ​ 92 ​ Partnership investments* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 28 ​ 27 ​ Total Absolute Return ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 7 ​ $ 5 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 135 ​ $ 124 ​ Cash and Cash Equivalents ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash and cash equivalents ​ $ 25 ​ $ 33 ​ $ 1 ​ $ 1 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 26 ​ $ 34 ​ Cash and cash equivalents, valued at net asset value* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 23 ​ 22 ​ Total Cash and Cash Equivalents ​ $ 25 ​ $ 33 ​ $ 1 ​ $ 1 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 49 ​ $ 56 ​ Total ​ $ 574 ​ $ 587 ​ $ 547 ​ $ 508 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 1,401 ​ $ 1,361 ​ Other items to reconcile to fair value of plan assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (25) ​ $ (23) ​ Fair value of plan assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 1,376 ​ $ 1,338 ​ ​ *In accordance with ASC 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The NAV is based on the fair value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus its liabilities then divided by the number of units outstanding and is determined by the investment manager or custodian of the fund. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the fair value of plan assets. ​ Publicly traded equities are valued at the closing price reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded. ​ Fixed income includes derivative instruments such as credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and futures contracts. Corporate debt includes bonds and notes, asset backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and private placements. Swaps and derivative instruments are valued by the custodian using closing market swap curves and market derived inputs. U.S. government and government agency bonds and notes are valued at the closing price reported in the active market in which the individual security is traded. Corporate bonds and notes, asset backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are valued at either the yields currently available on comparable securities of issuers with similar credit ratings or valued under a discounted cash flow approach that utilizes observable inputs, such as current yields of similar instruments, but includes adjustments for certain risks that may not be observable such as credit and liquidity risks. Private placements are valued by the custodian using recognized pricing services and sources. ​ The private equity portfolio is a diversified mix of derivative instruments, growth equity and partnership interests. Growth equity investments are valued at the closing price reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded. ​ Absolute return consists primarily of partnership interests in hedge funds, hedge fund of funds or other private fund vehicles. Corporate debt instruments are valued at either the yields currently available on comparable securities of issuers with similar credit ratings or valued under a discounted cash flow approach that utilizes observable inputs, such as current yields of similar instruments, but includes adjustments for certain risks that may not be observable such as credit and liquidity risk ratings. Other items to reconcile to fair value of plan assets include, interest receivables, amounts due for securities sold, amounts payable for securities purchased and interest payable. ​ The balances of and changes in the fair values of the U.S. pension plans’ and postretirement plans’ level 3 assets for the periods ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were not material. ​ International Pension Plans Assets ​ Outside the U.S., pension plan assets are typically managed by decentralized fiduciary committees. The disclosure below of asset categories is presented in aggregate for over 70 defined benefit plans in 25 countries; however, there is significant variation in asset allocation policy from country to country. Local regulations, local funding rules, and local financial and tax considerations are part of the funding and investment allocation process in each country. The Company provides standard funding and investment guidance to all international plans with more focused guidance to the larger plans. ​ Each plan has its own strategic asset allocation. The asset allocations are reviewed periodically and rebalanced when necessary. ​ The fair values of the assets held by the international pension plans by asset class are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as ​ Fair Value at (Millions) ​ Level 1 ​ Level 2 ​ Level 3 ​ Dec. 31, Asset Class 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 Equities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Growth equities ​ $ 547 ​ $ 638 ​ $ 209 ​ $ 796 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 756 ​ $ 1,434 ​ Value equities ​ 659 ​ 696 ​ 396 ​ 10 ​ — ​ — ​ 1,055 ​ 706 ​ Core equities ​ 46 ​ 61 ​ 99 ​ 88 ​ 4 ​ 5 ​ 149 ​ 154 ​ Equities, valued at net asset value* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 74 ​ ​ 18 ​ Total Equities ​ $ 1,252 ​ $ 1,395 ​ $ 704 ​ $ 894 ​ $ 4 ​ $ 5 ​ $ 2,034 ​ $ 2,312 ​ Fixed Income ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Domestic government ​ $ 71 ​ $ 353 ​ $ 1,045 ​ $ 433 ​ $ 5 ​ $ 4 ​ $ 1,121 ​ $ 790 ​ Foreign government ​ 33 ​ 22 ​ 476 ​ 603 ​ — ​ — ​ 509 ​ 625 ​ Corporate debt securities ​ 34 ​ 3 ​ 2,470 ​ 1,599 ​ 11 ​ 9 ​ 2,515 ​ 1,611 ​ Fixed income securities, valued at net asset value* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 563 ​ ​ 449 ​ Total Fixed Income ​ $ 138 ​ $ 378 ​ $ 3,991 ​ $ 2,635 ​ $ 16 ​ $ 13 ​ $ 4,708 ​ $ 3,475 ​ Private Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Real estate ​

Derivatives

Derivatives	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Derivatives
Derivatives	​ NOTE 14. Derivatives ​ The Company uses interest rate swaps, currency swaps, and forward and option contracts to manage risks generally associated with foreign exchange rate, interest rate and commodity price fluctuations. The information that follows explains the various types of derivatives and financial instruments used by 3M, how and why 3M uses such instruments, how such instruments are accounted for, and how such instruments impact 3M’s financial position and performance. ​ 3M adopted ASU No. 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities ​ Additional information with respect to derivatives is included elsewhere as follows: ● Impact on other comprehensive income of nonderivative hedging and derivative instruments is included in Note 8. ● Fair value of derivative instruments is included in Note 15. ● Derivatives and/or hedging instruments associated with the Company’s long-term debt are also described in Note 12. ​ Types of Derivatives/Hedging Instruments and Inclusion in Income/Other Comprehensive Income: ​ Cash Flow Hedges: ​ For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings. Cash Flow Hedging - Foreign Currency Forward and Option Contracts: ​ Cash Flow Hedging — Interest Rate Contracts: ​ During 2018, the Company entered into forward starting interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $1.2 billion as hedges ​ During 2019, the Company entered into additional forward starting interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $743 million. Concurrent with the issuance of the medium-term notes in February 2019 and the additional issuance of registered notes in August 2019, 3M terminated all outstanding interest rate swaps related to forecasted issuances of debt. These terminations resulted in a net loss of $143 million within accumulated other comprehensive income that will be amortized over the respective lives of the debt. ​ In March 2020, the Company entered into treasury rate lock contracts with a notional amount of $500 million that were terminated concurrently with the March 2020 issuance of registered notes as discussed in Note 12. The termination resulted in an immaterial net loss within accumulated other comprehensive income that will be amortized for the respective lives of the debt. ​ The amortization of gains and losses on forward starting interest rate swaps is included in the tables below as part of the gain/(loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income. ​ As of December 31, 2020, the Company had a balance of $173 million associated with the after-tax net unrealized loss associated with cash flow hedging instruments recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. This includes a remaining balance of $107 million (after-tax loss) related to the forward starting interest rate swap and treasury rate lock contacts, which will be amortized over the respective lives of the notes. Based on exchange rates as of December 31, 2020, 3M expects to reclassify approximately $51 million, $23 million, and $99 million of the after-tax net unrealized foreign exchange cash flow hedging losses to earnings in 2021, 2022, and after 2022, respectively, (with the impact offset by earnings/losses from underlying hedged items). ​ ​ The location in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and amounts of gains and losses related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges are provided in the following table. Reclassifications of amounts from accumulated other comprehensive income into income include accumulated gains (losses) on dedesignated hedges at the time earnings are impacted by the forecasted transaction. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pretax Gain (Loss) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Recognized in Other ​ Pretax Gain (Loss) Reclassified ​ ​ Comprehensive ​ from Accumulated Other ​ ​ Income on Derivative ​ Comprehensive Income into Income Year ended December 31, 2020 (Millions) Amount Location Amount Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ $ (111) Cost of sales ​ $ 80 ​ Interest rate contracts ​ (2) Interest expense ​ (9) ​ Total ​ $ (113) ​ ​ ​ $ 71 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, 2019 (Millions) Amount Location Amount Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ $ 96 Cost of sales ​ $ 74 ​ Interest rate contracts ​ (122) Interest expense ​ (4) ​ Total ​ $ (26) ​ ​ ​ $ 70 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pretax Gain (Loss) ​ Income on Effective Portion of ​ Ineffective Portion of Gain ​ ​ Recognized in Other ​ Derivative as a Result of ​ (Loss) on Derivative and ​ ​ Comprehensive ​ Reclassification from ​ Amount Excluded from ​ ​ Income on Effective ​ Accumulated Other ​ Effectiveness Testing ​ ​ Portion of Derivative ​ Comprehensive Income ​ Recognized in Income Year ended December 31, 2018 (Millions) Amount Location Amount Location Amount Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ $ 151 Cost of sales ​ $ (95) Cost of sales ​ $ — ​ Interest rate swap contracts ​ (18) Interest expense ​ (1) Interest expense ​ — ​ Total ​ $ 133 ​ ​ ​ $ (96) ​ ​ ​ $ — ​ ​ Fair Value Hedges: ​ For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivatives as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in current earnings. ​ Fair Value Hedging - Interest Rate Swaps: ​ In November 2013, 3M issued a Eurobond due in 2021 for a face amount of 600 million euros. Upon debt issuance, 3M completed a fixed-to-floating interest rate swap on a notional amount of 300 million euros as a fair value hedge of a portion of the fixed interest rate Eurobond obligation. ​ In June 2014, 3M issued $950 million aggregate principal amount of medium-term notes. Upon debt issuance, the Company entered into an interest rate swap to convert $600 million of a $625 million note that was due in 2019, included in this issuance, to an interest rate based on a floating three ​ In August 2015, 3M issued $1.5 billion aggregate principal amount of medium-term notes. Upon debt issuance, the Company entered into two interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of a portion of the fixed interest rate medium-term note obligation. The first converted a $450 million three-year fixed rate note that matured in August 2018 at which time the associated interest rate swap also matured, and the second converted $300 million of a five-year fixed rate note that matured in August 2020 at which time the associated interest rate swap also matured. ​ In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company entered into an interest rate swap as a fair value hedge with a notional amount of $200 million that converted the company’s fixed-rate medium-term note that matured in August 2020 at which time the associated interest rate swap also matured. ​ In September 2018, the Company entered into an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $200 million that converted a portion of the Company’s $400 million aggregate principal amount of fixed rate medium-term notes due 2021 into a floating rate note with an interest rate based on a three ​ Refer to the section below titled Statement of Income Location and Impact of Cash Flow and Fair Value Derivative Instruments ​ The location in the consolidated statements of income and amounts of gains and losses related to derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges and similar information relative to the hedged items are as follows for periods prior to 2019: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gain (Loss) on Derivative ​ Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item ​ ​ Recognized in Income ​ Recognized in Income Year ended December 31, 2018 (Millions) Location Amount Location Amount Interest rate swap contracts Interest expense ​ $ (5) Interest expense ​ $ 5 ​ Total ​ ​ ​ $ (5) ​ ​ ​ $ 5 ​ ​ The following amounts were recorded on the consolidated balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging ​ ​ Carrying Value of the ​ Adjustment Included in the Carrying Value ​ ​ Hedged Liabilities (in millions) ​ of the Hedged Liabilities (in millions) Location on the Consolidated Balance Sheet December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt $ 373 ​ $ 499 $ 5 ​ $ — ​ Long-term debt ​ ​ 225 ​ ​ 775 ​ ​ 6 ​ ​ 22 ​ Total ​ $ 598 ​ $ 1,274 ​ $ 11 ​ $ 22 ​ ​ Net Investment Hedges: ​ The Company may use non-derivative (foreign currency denominated debt) and derivative (foreign exchange forward contracts) instruments to hedge portions of the Company’s investment in foreign subsidiaries and manage foreign exchange risk. For instruments that are designated and qualify as hedges of net investments in foreign operations and that meet the effectiveness requirements, the net gains or losses attributable to changes in spot exchange rates are recorded in cumulative translation within other comprehensive income. The remainder of the change in value of such instruments is recorded in earnings. Recognition in earnings of amounts previously recorded in cumulative translation is limited to circumstances such as complete or substantially complete liquidation of the net investment in the hedged foreign operation. To the extent foreign currency denominated debt is not designated in or is dedesignated from a net investment hedge relationship, changes in value of that portion of foreign currency denominated debt due to exchange rate changes are recorded in earnings through their maturity date. ​ 3M’s use of foreign exchange forward contracts designated in hedges of the Company’s net investment in foreign subsidiaries can vary by time period depending on when foreign currency denominated debt balances designated in such relationships are dedesignated, matured, or are newly issued and designated. Additionally, variation can occur in connection with the extent of the Company’s desired foreign exchange risk coverage. ​ During the first quarter of 2018, the Company dedesignated 300 million euros of foreign currency denominated debt from a former net investment hedge relationship. At December 31, 2020, the total notional amount of foreign exchange forward contracts designated in net investment hedges was approximately 50 million euros, along with a principal amount of long-term debt instruments designated in net investment hedges totaling 3.5 billion euros. The maturity dates of these derivative and nonderivative instruments designated in net investment hedges range from 2021 to 2031. ​ The location in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and amounts of gains and losses related to derivative and nonderivative instruments designated as net investment hedges are as follows. There were no reclassifications of the effective portion of net investment hedges out of accumulated other comprehensive income into income for the periods presented in the table below. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pretax Gain (Loss) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Recognized as ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cumulative Translation ​ Amount of Gain (Loss) Excluded ​ ​ within Other ​ from Effectiveness Testing ​ ​ Comprehensive Income ​ Recognized in Income Year ended December 31, 2020 (Millions) Amount Location Amount Foreign currency denominated debt ​ $ (351) Cost of sales ​ $ — ​ Foreign currency forward contracts ​ (1) Cost of sales ​ 5 ​ Total ​ $ (352) ​ ​ ​ $ 5 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, 2019 (Millions) Amount Location Amount Foreign currency denominated debt ​ $ 108 Cost of sales ​ $ — ​ Foreign currency forward contracts ​ ​ 32 ​ Cost of sales ​ ​ 20 ​ Total ​ $ 140 ​ ​ ​ $ 20 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pretax Gain (Loss) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Recognized as ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cumulative Translation ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ within Other ​ Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on ​ ​ Comprehensive Income ​ Instrument and Amount Excluded ​ ​ on Effective Portion of ​ from Effectiveness Testing ​ ​ Instrument ​ Recognized in Income Year ended December 31, 2018 (Millions) Amount Location Amount Foreign currency denominated debt ​ $ 222 Cost of sales ​ $ (2) ​ Foreign currency forward contracts ​ ​ 18 ​ Cost of sales ​ ​ 4 ​ Total ​ $ 240 ​ ​ ​ $ 2 ​ ​ Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments: ​ Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments include dedesignated foreign currency forward and option contracts that formerly were designated in cash flow hedging relationships (as referenced in the Cash Flow Hedges section above). In addition, 3M enters into foreign currency contracts that are not designated in hedging relationships to offset, in part, the impacts of changes in value of various non-functional currency denominated items including certain intercompany financing balances. These derivative instruments are not designated in hedging relationships; therefore, fair value gains and losses on these contracts are recorded in earnings. The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. ​ The location in the consolidated statements of income and amounts of gains and losses related to derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2020 ​ ​ 2019 ​ ​ 2018 ​ (Millions) ​ Location ​ ​ Amount ​ ​ Amount ​ ​ Amount ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ Cost of sales ​ $ 2 ​ $ 2 ​ $ 13 ​ Foreign currency forward contracts ​ Interest expense ​ 43 ​ (13) ​ (109) ​ Total ​ ​ ​ $ 45 ​ $ (11) ​ $ (96) ​ ​ ​ Statement of Income Location and Impact of Cash Flow and Fair Value Derivative Instruments ​ The location in the consolidated statement of income and pre-tax amounts recognized in income related to derivative instruments designated in a cash flow or fair value hedging relationship are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, 2020 ​ (Millions) ​ ​ Cost of sales ​ Other expense ​ Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statement of income in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded ​ ​ $ 16,605 ​ $ 450 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The effects of cash flow and fair value hedging: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income ​ ​ $ 80 ​ $ — ​ Interest rate contracts: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ (9) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interest rate contracts: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hedged items ​ ​ $ — ​ $ 4 ​ Derivatives designated as hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ (4) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, 2019 ​ (Millions) ​ ​ Cost of sales ​ Other expense ​ Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statement of income in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded ​ ​ $ 17,136 ​ $ 462 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The effects of cash flow and fair value hedging: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income ​ ​ $ 74 ​ $ — ​ Interest rate contracts: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ (4) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interest rate contracts: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hedged items ​ ​ $ — ​ $ (8) ​ Derivatives designated as hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ 8 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments: ​ The following tables summarize the fair value of 3M’s derivative instruments, excluding nonderivative instruments used as hedging instruments, and their location in the consolidated balance sheet. Notional amounts below are presented at period end foreign exchange rates, except for certain interest rate swaps, which are presented using the inception date’s foreign exchange rate. Additional information with respect to the fair value of derivative instruments is included in Note 15. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gross Assets Liabilities ​ ​ Notional ​ ​ ​ Fair ​ ​ ​ Fair December 31, 2020 (Millions) ​ Amount ​ Location ​ Value Amount ​ Location ​ Value Amount Derivatives designated as ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ $ 1,630 Other current assets ​ $ 14 Other current liabilities ​ $ 67 ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ 669 Other assets ​ 10 Other liabilities ​ 25 ​ Interest rate contracts ​ 403 Other current assets ​ 7 Other current liabilities ​ — ​ Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 31 ​ ​ ​ $ 92 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivatives not designated as ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ $ 3,166 Other current assets ​ $ 13 Other current liabilities ​ $ 14 ​ Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 13 ​ ​ ​ $ 14 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total derivative instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 44 ​ ​ ​ $ 106 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gross Assets Liabilities ​ ​ Notional ​ ​ ​ Fair ​ ​ ​ Fair December 31, 2019 (Millions) ​ Amount ​ Location ​ Value Amount ​ Location ​ Value Amount Derivatives designated as ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ $ 1,995 Other current assets ​ $ 64 Other current liabilities ​ $ 9 ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ ​ 1,041 ​ Other assets ​ ​ 50 ​ Other liabilities ​ ​ 3 ​ Interest rate contracts ​ 500 Other current assets ​ — Other current liabilities ​ — ​ Interest rate contracts ​ 603 Other assets ​ 17 Other liabilities ​ — ​ Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 131 ​ ​ ​ $ 12 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivatives not designated as ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ $ 2,684 Other current assets ​ $ 11 Other current liabilities ​ $ 8 ​ Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 11 ​ ​ ​ $ 8 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total derivative instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 142 ​ ​ ​ $ 20 ​ ​ Credit Risk and Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities of Derivative Instruments: ​ The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by counterparties in interest rate swaps, currency swaps, and forward and option contracts. However, the Company’s risk is limited to the fair value of the instruments. The Company actively monitors its exposure to credit risk through the use of credit approvals and credit limits, and by selecting major international banks and financial institutions as counterparties. 3M enters into master netting arrangements with counterparties when possible to mitigate credit risk in derivative transactions. A master netting arrangement may allow each counterparty to net settle amounts owed between a 3M entity and the counterparty as a result of multiple, separate derivative transactions. As of December 31, 2020, 3M has International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) agreements with 17 applicable banks and financial institutions which contain netting provisions. In addition to a master agreement with 3M supported by a primary counterparty’s parent guarantee, 3M also has associated credit support agreements in place with 16 of its primary derivative counterparties which, among other things, provide the circumstances under which either party is required to post eligible collateral (when the market value of transactions covered by these agreements exceeds specified thresholds or if a counterparty’s credit rating has been downgraded to a predetermined rating). The Company does not anticipate nonperformance by any of these counterparties. ​ 3M has elected to present the fair value of derivative assets and liabilities within the Company’s consolidated balance sheet on a gross basis even when derivative transactions are subject to master netting arrangements and may otherwise qualify for net presentation. However, the following tables provide information as if the Company had elected to offset the asset and liability balances of derivative instruments, netted in accordance with various criteria in the event of default or termination as stipulated by the terms of netting arrangements with each of the counterparties. For each counterparty, if netted, the Company would offset the asset and liability balances of all derivatives at the end of the reporting period based on the 3M entity that is a party to the transactions. Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements are not eligible for net presentation. As of the applicable dates presented below, no cash collateral had been received or pledged related to these derivative instruments. ​ Offsetting of Financial Assets under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gross Amounts not Offset in the ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject ​ ​ ​ ​ Gross Amount of ​ to Master Netting Agreements ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivative Assets ​ Gross Amount of ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Presented in the ​ Eligible Offsetting ​ Cash ​ ​ ​ ​ Consolidated ​ Recognized ​ Collateral ​ Net Amount of December 31, 2020 (Millions) ​ Balance Sheet ​ Derivative Liabilities ​ Received ​ Derivative Assets Derivatives subject to master netting agreements ​ $ 44 ​ $ 11 ​ $ — ​ $ 33 ​ Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ Total ​ $ 44 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 33 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2019 (Millions) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivatives subject to master netting agreements ​ $ 142 ​ $ 14 ​ $ — ​ $ 128 ​ Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ Total ​ $ 142 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 128 ​ ​ Offsetting of Financial Liabilities under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gross Amounts not Offset in the ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject ​ ​ ​ ​ Gross Amount of ​ to Master Netting Agreements ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivative Liabilities ​ Gross Amount of ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Presented in the ​ Eligible Offsetting ​ Cash ​ Net Amount of ​ ​ Consolidated ​ Recognized ​ Collateral ​ Derivative December 31, 2020 (Millions) ​ Balance Sheet ​ Derivative Assets ​ Pledged ​ Liabilities Derivatives subject to master netting agreements ​ $ 106 ​ $ 11 ​ $ — ​ $ 95 ​ Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ Total ​ $ 106 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 95 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2019 (Millions) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivatives subject to master netting agreements ​ $ 20 ​ $ 14 ​ $ — ​ $ 6 ​ Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ Total ​ $ 20 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 6 ​ ​ Foreign Currency Effects ​ 3M estimates that year-on-year foreign currency transaction effects, including hedging impacts, decreased pre-tax income by approximately $21 million in 2020 and increased pre-tax income by approximately $201 million in 2019. These estimates include transaction gains and losses, including derivative instruments designed to reduce foreign currency exchange rate risks.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements	NOTE 15. Fair Value Measurements ​ 3M follows ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurements, ​ Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis: ​ For 3M, assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis primarily relate to available-for-sale marketable securities and certain derivative instruments. Derivatives include cash flow hedges, interest rate swaps and net investment hedges. The information in the following paragraphs and tables primarily addresses matters relative to these financial assets and liabilities. Separately, there were no material fair value measurements with respect to nonfinancial assets or liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the Company’s financial statements on a recurring basis for 2020 and 2019. ​ 3M uses various valuation techniques, which are primarily based upon the market and income approaches, with respect to financial assets and liabilities. Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the respective financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value. ​ Available-for-sale marketable securities — except certain U.S. municipal securities: ​ Marketable securities, except certain U.S. municipal securities, are valued utilizing multiple sources. A weighted average price is used for these securities. Market prices are obtained for these securities from a variety of industry standard data providers, security master files from large financial institutions, and other third-party sources. These multiple prices are used as inputs into a distribution-curve-based algorithm to determine the daily fair value to be used. 3M classifies U.S. treasury securities as level 1, while all other marketable securities (excluding certain U.S. municipal securities) are classified as level 2. Marketable securities are discussed further in Note 11. ​ Available-for-sale marketable securities —certain U.S. municipal securities only: ​ 3M holds municipal securities with certain cities in the United States as of December 31, 2020. Due to the nature of these securities, the valuation method utilized includes referencing the carrying value of the corresponding finance lease obligation as adjusted for additional issuances when 3M sells its assets to the municipality and decreases in the form of bond amortization payments, and as such will be classified as level 3 securities separately. ​ Investments: ​ Investments include equity securities that are traded in an active market. Closing stock prices are readily available from active markets and are representative of fair value. 3M classifies these securities as Level 1. Investments are included within other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. ​ Derivative instruments: ​ The Company’s derivative assets and liabilities within the scope of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging ​ 3M has determined that foreign currency forwards, currency swaps, foreign currency options, interest rate swaps and cross-currency swaps will be considered level 2 measurements. 3M uses inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset. These inputs include foreign currency exchange rates, volatilities, and interest rates. Derivative positions are primarily valued using standard calculations/models that use as their basis readily observable market parameters. Industry standard data providers are 3M’s primary source for forward and spot rate information for both interest rates and currency rates, with resulting valuations periodically validated through third-party or counterparty quotes and a net present value stream of cash flows model. ​ The following tables provide information by level for assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fair Value Measurements Description ​ Fair Value at ​ Using Inputs Considered as (Millions) December 31, 2020 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Available-for-sale: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Marketable securities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Corporate debt securities ​ $ 7 ​ $ — ​ $ 7 ​ $ — ​ Commercial paper ​ ​ 237 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 237 ​ ​ — ​ Certificates of deposit/time deposits ​ 31 ​ — ​ 31 ​ — ​ U.S. treasury securities ​ 125 ​ 125 ​ — ​ — ​ U.S. municipal securities ​ 34 ​ — ​ — ​ 34 ​ Derivative instruments — assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ 37 ​ — ​ 37 ​ — ​ Interest rate contracts ​ 7 ​ — ​ 7 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivative instruments — liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ 106 ​ — ​ 106 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fair Value Measurements Description ​ Fair Value at ​ Using Inputs Considered as (Millions) December 31, 2019 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Available-for-sale: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Marketable securities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Commercial paper ​ $ 85 ​ $ — ​ $ 85 ​ $ — ​ Certificates of deposit/time deposits ​ 10 ​ — ​ 10 ​ — ​ U.S. municipal securities ​ 46 ​ — ​ — ​ 46 ​ Investments ​ ​ 25 ​ ​ 25 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Derivative instruments — assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ 125 ​ — ​ 125 ​ — ​ Interest rate contracts ​ 17 ​ — ​ 17 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivative instruments — liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ 20 ​ — ​ 20 ​ — ​ ​ The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of items measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the table above that used significant unobservable inputs (level 3). ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Marketable securities — certain U.S. municipal securities only ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) ​ 2020 ​ 2019 ​ 2018 Beginning balance ​ ​ $ 46 ​ $ 40 ​ $ 30 ​ Total gains or losses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Included in earnings ​ ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ Included in other comprehensive income ​ ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ Purchases and issuances ​ ​ 10 ​ 9 ​ 13 ​ Sales and settlements ​ ​ (22) ​ (3) ​ (3) ​ Transfers in and/or out of level 3 ​ ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ Ending balance ​ ​ 34 ​ 46 ​ 40 ​ Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for securities held at the end of the reporting period ​ ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ ​ In addition, the plan assets of 3M’s pension and postretirement benefit plans are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (at least annually). Refer to Note 13. ​ Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis: ​ Disclosures are required for certain assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value, but are recognized and disclosed at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in periods subsequent to initial recognition. For 3M, such measurements of fair value primarily to indefinite-lived and long-lived asset impairments, goodwill impairments, and adjustment in carrying value of equity securities for which the measurement alternative of cost less impairment plus or minus observable price changes is used. There were no material long-lived asset impairments for 2018 and 2019. There were no material adjustments to equity securities using the measurement alternative for 2019. 3M reflected an immaterial charge related to impairment of certain indefinite-lived assets and a net charge of $22 million related to adjustment to the carrying value of equity securities using the measurement alternative during the first quarter of 2020. ​ Fair Value of Financial Instruments: ​ The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, held-to-maturity debt securities, accounts receivable, certain investments, accounts payable, borrowings, and derivative contracts. The fair values of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, held-to-maturity debt securities, accounts payable, and short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt approximated carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Available-for-sale marketable securities, in addition to certain derivative instruments, are recorded at fair values as indicated in the preceding disclosures. To estimate fair values (classified as level 2) for its long-term debt, the Company utilized third-party quotes, which are derived all or in part from model prices, external sources, market prices, or the third-party’s internal records. Information with respect to the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of these financial instruments follow: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2020 ​ December 31, 2019 ​ Carrying Fair Carrying Fair (Millions) ​ Value ​ Value ​ Value ​ Value Long-term debt, excluding current portion ​ $ 17,989 ​ $ 20,496 ​ $ 17,518 ​ $ 18,475 ​ ​ The fair values reflected above consider the terms of the related debt absent the impacts of derivative/hedging activity. The carrying amount of long-term debt referenced above is impacted by certain fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps that are designated as fair value hedges and by the designation of certain fixed rate Eurobond securities issued by the Company as hedging instruments of the Company’s net investment in its European subsidiaries. A number of 3M’s fixed-rate bonds were trading at a premium at December 31, 2020 and 2019 due to the lower interest rates and tighter credit spreads compared to issuance levels.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies	NOTE 16. Commitments and Contingencies ​ Unconditional Purchase Obligations: ​ Unconditional purchase obligations are defined as an agreement to purchase goods or services that is enforceable and legally binding (non-cancelable, or cancelable only in certain circumstances). The Company estimates its total unconditional purchase obligation commitment (for those contracts with terms in excess of one year) as of December 31, 2020, at $985 million. Payments by year are estimated as follows: 2021 ($294 million), 2022 ($328 million), 2023 ($216 million), 2024 ($95 million), 2025 ($46 million) and after 2026 ($6 million). Many of these commitments relate to take or pay contracts, in which 3M guarantees payment to ensure availability of products or services that are sold to customers. The Company expects to receive consideration (products or services) for these unconditional purchase obligations. The purchase obligation amounts do not represent the entire anticipated purchases in the future, but represent only those items for which the Company is contractually obligated. The majority of 3M’s products and services are purchased as needed, with no unconditional commitment. For this reason, these amounts will not provide an indication of the Company’s expected future cash outflows related to purchases. ​ Warranties/Guarantees: ​ 3M’s accrued product warranty liabilities, recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as part of current and long-term liabilities, are estimated at approximately $46 million at December 31, 2020, and $51 million at December 31, 2019. Further information on product warranties are not disclosed, as the Company considers the balance immaterial to its consolidated results of operations and financial condition. The fair value of 3M guarantees of loans with third parties and other guarantee arrangements are not material. ​ Related Party Activity: ​ 3M does not have any material related party activity. ​ Legal Proceedings : ​ The Company and some of its subsidiaries are involved in numerous claims and lawsuits, principally in the United States, and regulatory proceedings worldwide. These claims, lawsuits and proceedings include, but are not limited to, products liability (involving products that the Company now or formerly manufactured and sold), intellectual property, commercial, antitrust, federal False Claims Act, securities, and state and federal environmental laws. Unless otherwise stated, the Company is vigorously defending all such litigation and proceedings. From time to time, the Company also receives subpoenas or requests for information from various government agencies. The Company generally responds to such subpoenas and requests in a cooperative, thorough and timely manner. These responses sometimes require time and effort and can result in considerable costs being incurred by the Company. Such subpoenas and requests can also lead to the assertion of claims or the commencement of administrative, civil or criminal legal proceedings against the Company and others, as well as to settlements. The outcomes of legal proceedings and regulatory matters are often difficult to predict. Any determination that the Company’s operations or activities are not, or were not, in compliance with applicable laws or regulations could result in the imposition of fines, civil or criminal penalties, and equitable remedies, including disgorgement, suspension or debarment or injunctive relief. ​ Process for Disclosure and Recording of Liabilities Related to Legal Proceedings ​ Many lawsuits and claims involve highly complex issues relating to causation, scientific evidence, and alleged actual damages, all of which are otherwise subject to substantial uncertainties. Assessments of lawsuits and claims can involve a series of complex judgments about future events and can rely heavily on estimates and assumptions. When making determinations about recording liabilities related to legal proceedings, the Company complies with the requirements of ASC 450, Contingencies ​ Because litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings or developments could occur, there can be no certainty that the Company may not ultimately incur charges in excess of presently recorded liabilities. Many of the matters described are at preliminary stages or seek an indeterminate amount of damages. It is not uncommon for claims to be resolved over many years. A future adverse ruling, settlement, unfavorable development, or increase in accruals for one or more of these matters could result in future charges that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows in the period in which they are recorded. Although the Company cannot estimate its exposure to all legal proceedings, the Company currently believes that the ultimate outcome of legal proceedings or future charges, if any, would not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position of the Company. Based on experience and developments, the Company reexamines its estimates of probable liabilities and associated expenses and receivables each period, and whether it is able to estimate a liability previously determined to be not estimable and/or not probable. Where appropriate, the Company makes additions to or adjustments of its estimated liabilities. As a result, the current estimates of the potential impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the legal proceedings and claims pending against the Company could change in the future. ​ Process for Disclosure and Recording of Insurance Receivables Related to Legal Proceedings ​ The Company estimates insurance receivables based on an analysis of the terms of its numerous policies, including their exclusions, pertinent case law interpreting comparable policies, its experience with similar claims, and assessment of the nature of the claim and remaining coverage, and records an amount it has concluded is likely to be recovered. For those insured legal proceedings where the Company has recorded an accrued liability in its financial statements, the Company also records receivables for the amount of insurance that it expects to recover under the Company’s insurance program. For those insured matters where the Company has not recorded an accrued liability because the liability is not probable or the amount of the liability is not estimable, or both, but where the Company has incurred an expense in defending itself, the Company records receivables for the amount of insurance that it expects to recover for the expense incurred. ​ The following sections first describe the significant legal proceedings in which the Company is involved, and then describe the liabilities and associated insurance receivables the Company has accrued relating to its significant legal proceedings. ​ Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation ​ As of December 31, 2020, the Company is a named defendant, with multiple co-defendants, in numerous lawsuits in various courts that purport to represent approximately 2,075 individual claimants, compared to approximately 1,727 individual claimants with actions pending on December 31, 2019. ​ The vast majority of the lawsuits and claims resolved by and currently pending against the Company allege use of some of the Company’s mask and respirator products and seek damages from the Company and other defendants for alleged personal injury from workplace exposures to asbestos, silica, coal mine dust or other occupational dusts found in products manufactured by other defendants or generally in the workplace. As of year-end 2020, there has been an increase in the number of cases filed alleging injuries from exposures to coal mine dust. A minority of the lawsuits and claims resolved by and currently pending against the Company generally allege personal injury from occupational exposure to asbestos from products previously manufactured by the Company, which are often unspecified, as well as products manufactured by other defendants, or occasionally at Company premises. ​ The Company’s current volume of new and pending matters is substantially lower than it experienced at the peak of filings in 2003. The Company expects that filing of claims by unimpaired claimants in the future will continue to be at much lower levels than in the past. Accordingly, the number of claims alleging more serious injuries, including mesothelioma, other malignancies, and black lung disease, will represent a greater percentage of total claims than in the past. Over the past twenty respirator was defective and that 3M acted negligently in failing to protect him against asbestos fibers. The jury delivered a complete defense verdict in favor of 3M, concluding that the 8710 respirator was not defective in design or warnings and any conduct by 3M was not a cause of plaintiff’s mesothelioma. The plaintiff has filed a notice of appeal. ​ The Company has demonstrated in these past trial proceedings that its respiratory protection products are effective as claimed when used in the intended manner and in the intended circumstances. Consequently, the Company believes that claimants are unable to establish that their medical conditions, even if significant, are attributable to the Company’s respiratory protection products. Nonetheless, the Company’s litigation experience indicates that claims of persons alleging more serious injuries, including mesothelioma, other malignancies, and black lung disease, are costlier to resolve than the claims of unimpaired persons, and it therefore believes the average cost of resolving pending and future claims on a per-claim basis will continue to be higher than it experienced in prior periods when the vast majority of claims were asserted by medically unimpaired claimants. ​ As previously reported, the State of West Virginia, through its Attorney General, filed a complaint in 2003 against the Company and two other manufacturers of respiratory protection products in the Circuit Court of Lincoln County, West Virginia, and amended its complaint in 2005. The amended complaint seeks substantial, but unspecified, compensatory damages primarily for reimbursement of the costs allegedly incurred by the State for worker’s compensation and healthcare benefits provided to all workers with occupational pneumoconiosis and unspecified punitive damages. In October 2019, the court granted the State’s motion to sever its unfair trade practices claim. In January 2020, the manufacturers filed a petition with the West Virginia Supreme Court, challenging the trial court’s rulings; that petition was denied in November 2020. No liability has been recorded for this matter because the Company believes that liability is not probable and estimable at this time. In addition, the Company is not able to estimate a possible loss or range of loss given the lack of any meaningful discovery responses by the State of West Virginia, the otherwise minimal activity in this case, and the assertions of claims against two other manufacturers where a defendant’s share of liability may turn on the law of joint and several liability and by the amount of fault, if any, a jury may allocate to each defendant if the case were ultimately tried. ​ Respirator Mask/Asbestos Liabilities and Insurance Receivables ​ The Company regularly conducts a comprehensive legal review of its respirator mask/asbestos liabilities. The Company reviews recent and historical claims data, including without limitation, (i) the number of pending claims filed against the Company, (ii) the nature and mix of those claims (i.e., the proportion of claims asserting usage of the Company’s mask or respirator products and alleging exposure to each of asbestos, silica, coal or other occupational dusts, and claims pleading use of asbestos-containing products allegedly manufactured by the Company), (iii) the costs to defend and resolve pending claims, and (iv) trends in filing rates and in costs to defend and resolve claims, (collectively, the “Claims Data”). As part of its comprehensive legal review, the Company regularly provides the Claims Data to a third party with expertise in determining the impact of Claims Data on future filing trends and costs. The third party assists the Company in estimating the costs to defend and resolve pending and future claims. The Company uses these estimates to develop its best estimate of probable liability. ​ Developments may occur that could affect the Company’s estimate of its liabilities. These developments include, but are not limited to, significant changes in (i) the key assumptions underlying the Company’s accrual, including, the number of future claims, the nature and mix of those claims, the average cost of defending and resolving claims, and in maintaining trial readiness (ii) trial and appellate outcomes, (iii) the law and procedure applicable to these claims, and (iv) the financial viability of other co-defendants and insurers. ​ As a result of its review of its respirator mask/asbestos liabilities, of pending and expected lawsuits and of the cost of resolving claims of persons who claim more serious injuries, including mesothelioma, other malignancies, and black lung disease, the Company increased its accruals in 2020 for respirator mask/asbestos liabilities by a total of $120 million. In 2020, the Company made payments for legal defense costs and settlements of $66 million related to the respirator mask/asbestos litigation. During the first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of $313 million in conjunction with an increase in the accrual as a result of the March and April 2019 settlements-in-principle of the coal mine dust lawsuits mentioned above and the Company’s assessment of other current and expected coal mine dust lawsuits (including the costs to resolve all current and expected coal mine dust lawsuits in Kentucky and West Virginia). As of December 31, 2020, the Company had an accrual for respirator mask/asbestos liabilities (excluding Aearo accruals) of $662 million. This accrual represents the Company’s best estimate of probable loss and reflects an estimation period for future claims that may be filed against the Company approaching the year 2050. The Company cannot estimate the amount or upper end of the range of amounts by which the liability may exceed the accrual the Company has established because of the (i) inherent difficulty in projecting the number of claims that have not yet been asserted or the time period in which future claims may be asserted, (ii) the complaints nearly always assert claims against multiple defendants where the damages alleged are typically not attributed to individual defendants so that a defendant’s share of liability may turn on the law of joint and several liability, which can vary by state, (iii) the multiple factors described above that the Company considers in estimating its liabilities, and (iv) the several possible developments described above that may occur that could affect the Company’s estimate of liabilities. ​ As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s receivable for insurance recoveries related to the respirator mask/asbestos litigation was $4 million. The Company continues to seek coverage under the policies of certain insolvent and other insurers. Once those claims for coverage are resolved, the Company will have collected substantially all of its remaining insurance coverage for respirator mask/asbestos claims. ​ Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation — Aearo Technologies ​ On April 1, 2008, a subsidiary of the Company acquired the stock of Aearo Holding Corp., the parent of Aearo Technologies (“Aearo”). Aearo manufactured and sold various products, including personal protection equipment, such as eye, ear, head, face, fall and certain respiratory protection products. ​ As of December 31, 2020, Aearo and/or other companies that previously owned and operated Aearo’s respirator business (American Optical Corporation, Warner-Lambert LLC, AO Corp. and Cabot Corporation (“Cabot”)) are named defendants, with multiple co-defendants, including the Company, in numerous lawsuits in various courts in which plaintiffs allege use of mask and respirator products and seek damages from Aearo and other defendants for alleged personal injury from workplace exposures to asbestos, silica-related, coal mine dust, or other occupational dusts found in products manufactured by other defendants or generally in the workplace. ​ As of December 31, 2020, the Company, through its Aearo subsidiary, had accruals of $28 million for product liabilities and defense costs related to current and future Aearo-related asbestos, silica-related and coal mine dust claims. This accrual represents the Company’s best estimate of Aearo’s probable loss and reflects an estimation period for future claims that may be filed against Aearo approaching the year 2050. The accrual was reduced by ​ Aearo’s share of the contingent liability is further limited by an agreement entered into between Aearo and Cabot on July 11, 1995. This agreement provides that, so long as Aearo pays to Cabot a quarterly fee of $100,000, Cabot will retain responsibility and liability for, and indemnify Aearo against, any product liability claims involving exposure to asbestos, silica, or silica products for respirators sold prior to July 11, 1995. Because of the difficulty in determining how long a particular respirator remains in the stream of commerce after being sold, Aearo and Cabot have applied the agreement to claims arising out of the alleged use of respirators involving exposure to asbestos, silica or silica products prior to January 1, 1997. With these arrangements in place, Aearo’s potential liability is limited to exposures alleged to have arisen from the use of respirators involving exposure to asbestos, silica, or silica products on or after January 1, 1997. To date, Aearo has elected to pay the quarterly fee. Aearo could potentially be exposed to additional claims for some part of the pre-July 11, 1995 period covered by its agreement with Cabot if Aearo elects to discontinue its participation in this arrangement, or if Cabot is no longer able to meet its obligations in these matters. ​ Developments may occur that could affect the estimate of Aearo’s liabilities. These developments include, but are not limited to: (i) significant changes in the number of future claims, (ii) significant changes in the average cost of resolving claims, (iii) significant changes in the legal costs of defending these claims, (iv) significant changes in the mix and nature of claims received, (v) trial and appellate outcomes, (vi) significant changes in the law and procedure applicable to these claims, (vii) significant changes in the liability allocation among the co-defendants, (viii) the financial viability of members of the Payor Group including exhaustion of available insurance coverage limits, and/or (ix) a determination that the interpretation of the contractual obligations on which Aearo has estimated its share of liability is inaccurate. The Company cannot determine the impact of these potential developments on its current estimate of Aearo’s share of liability for these existing and future claims. If any of the developments described above were to occur, the actual amount of these liabilities for existing and future claims could be significantly larger than the amount accrued. ​ Because of the inherent difficulty in projecting the number of claims that have not yet been asserted, the complexity of allocating responsibility for future claims among the Payor Group, and the several possible developments that may occur that could affect the estimate of Aearo’s liabilities, the Company cannot estimate the amount or range of amounts by which Aearo’s liability may exceed the accrual the Company has established. ​ Environmental Matters and Litigation ​ The Company’s operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations including those pertaining to air emissions, wastewater discharges, toxic substances, and the handling and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes enforceable by national, state, and local authorities around the world, and private parties in the United States and abroad. These laws and regulations provide, under certain circumstances, a basis for the remediation of contamination, for capital investment in pollution control equipment, for restoration of or compensation for damages to natural resources, and for personal injury and property damage claims. The Company has incurred, and will continue to incur, costs and capital expenditures in complying with these laws and regulations, defending personal injury and property damage claims, and modifying its business operations in light of its environmental responsibilities. In its effort to satisfy its environmental responsibilities and comply with environmental laws and regulations, the Company has established, and periodically updates, policies relating to environmental standards of performance for its operations worldwide. ​ Under certain environmental laws, including the United States Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and similar state laws, the Company may be jointly and severally liable, typically with other companies, for the costs of remediation of environmental contamination at current or former facilities and at off-site locations. The Company has identified numerous locations, most of which are in the United States, at which it may have some liability. Please refer to the section entitled “ Environmental Liabilities and Insurance Receivables” ​ Environmental Matters ​ As previously reported, the Company has been voluntarily cooperating with ongoing reviews by local, state, federal (primarily the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)), and international agencies of possible environmental and health effects of various perfluorinated compounds, including perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), or other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (collectively PFAS). As a result of its phase-out decision in May 2000, the Company no longer manufactures certain PFAS compounds including PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and their pre-cursor compounds. The Company ceased manufacturing and using the vast majority of these compounds within approximately two years of the phase-out announcement and ceased all manufacturing and the last significant use of this chemistry by the end of 2008. The Company continues to manufacture a variety of shorter chain length PFAS compounds, including, but not limited to, pre-cursor compounds to perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). These compounds are used as input materials to a variety of products, including engineered fluorinated fluids, fluoropolymers and fluorelastomers, as well as surfactants, additives, and coatings. Through its ongoing life cycle management and its raw material composition identification processes associated with the Company’s policies covering the use of all persistent and bio-accumulative materials, the Company continues to review, control or eliminate the presence of certain PFAS in purchased materials or as byproducts in some of 3M’s current fluorochemical manufacturing processes, products, and waste streams. ​ Regulatory activities concerning PFAS continue in the United States, Europe and elsewhere, and before certain international bodies. These activities include gathering of exposure and use information, risk assessment, and consideration of regulatory approaches. In the European Union, where 3M has manufacturing facilities in countries such as Germany and Belgium, recent regulatory activities have included preliminary work on various restrictions under the Regulation concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), including the restriction of PFAS in certain usages and a broader restriction of PFAS as a class. As of December 2020, PFOA is subject to certain restrictions under EU’s Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Recast Regulation. ​ In the United States, as the database of studies of both PFOA and PFOS has expanded, the EPA has developed human health effects documents summarizing the available data from these studies. In February 2014, the EPA initiated external peer review of its draft human health effects documents for PFOA and PFOS. The peer review panel met in August 2014. In May 2016, the EPA announced lifetime health advisory levels for PFOA and PFOS at 70 parts per trillion (ppt) (superseding the provisional levels established by the EPA in 2009 of 400 ppt for PFOA and 200 ppt for PFOS). Where PFOA and PFOS are found together, EPA recommends that the concentrations be added together, and the lifetime health advisory for PFOA and PFOS combined is also 70 ppt. Lifetime health advisories, which are non-enforceable and non-regulatory, provide information about concentrations of drinking water contaminants at which adverse health effects are not expected to occur over the specified exposure duration. To collect exposure information under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the EPA published on May 2, 2012 a list of unregulated substances, including six PFAS chemicals, required to be monitored during the period 2013-2015 by public water system suppliers to determine the extent of their occurrence. Through January 2017, the EPA reported results for 4,920 public water supplies nationwide. Based on the 2016 lifetime health advisory, 13 public water supplies exceed the level for PFOA and 46 exceed the level for PFOS (unchanged from the July 2016 EPA summary). A technical advisory issued by EPA in September 2016 on laboratory analysis of drinking water samples stated that 65 public water supplies had exceeded the combined level for PFOA and PFOS. These results are based on one or more samples collected during the period 2012-2015 and do not necessarily reflect current conditions of these public water supplies. EPA reporting does not identify the sources of the PFOA and PFOS in the public water supplies. ​ The Company is continuing to make progress in its work, under the supervision of state regulators, to remediate historic disposal of PFAS-containing waste associated with manufacturing operations at its Decatur, Alabama; Cottage Grove, Minnesota; and Cordova, Illinois plants. As previously reported, the Company entered into a voluntary remedial action agreement with the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) to remediate the presence of PFAS in the soil and groundwater at the Company’s manufacturing facility in Decatur, Alabama associated with the historic (1978-1998) incorporation of wastewater treatment plant sludge. With ADEM’s agreement, 3M substantially completed installation of a multilayer cap on the former sludge incorporation areas. Further remediation activities, including certain on-site and off-site investigations and studies, will be conducted in accordance with the July 2020 Interim Consent Order described below in the “Other PFAS-related Matters” section. ​ The Company continues to work with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) pursuant to the terms of the previously disclosed May 2007 Settlement Agreement and Consent Order to address the presence of certain PFAS in the soil and groundwater at former disposal sites in Washington County, Minnesota (Oakdale and Woodbury) and at the Company’s manufacturing facility at Cottage Grove, Minnesota. Under this agreement, the Company’s principal obligations include (i) evaluating releases of certain PFAS from these sites and proposing response actions; (ii) providing treatment or alternative drinking water upon identifying any level exceeding a Health Based Value (HBV) or Health Risk Limit (HRL) (i.e., the amount of a chemical in drinking water determined by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) to be safe for human consumption over a lifetime) for certain PFAS for which a HBV and/or HRL exists as a result of contamination from these sites; (iii) remediating identified sources of other PFAS at these sites that are not controlled by actions to remediate PFOA and PFOS; and (iv) sharing information with the MPCA about certain perfluorinated compounds. During 2008, the MPCA issued formal decisions adopting remedial options for the former disposal sites in Washington County, Minnesota (Oakdale and Woodbury). In August 2009, the MPCA issued a formal decision adopting remedial options for the Company’s Cottage Grove manufacturing facility. During the spring and summer of 2010, 3M began implementing the agreed upon remedial options at the Cottage Grove and Woodbury sites. 3M commenced the remedial option at the Oakdale site in late 2010. At each location the remedial options were recommended by the Company and approved by the MPCA. Remediation work has been completed at the Oakdale and Woodbury sites, and they are in an operational maintenance mode. Remediation work has been substantially completed at the Cottage Grove site, with operational and maintenance activities ongoing. ​ In August 2014, the Illinois EPA approved a request by the Company to establish a groundwater management zone at its manufacturing facility in Cordova, Illinois, which includes ongoing pumping of impacted site groundwater, groundwater monitoring and routine reporting of results. ​ In May 2017, the MDH issued new HBVs for PFOA and PFOS. The new HBVs are 35 ppt for PFOA and 27 ppt for PFOS. In connection with its announcement the MDH stated that “Drinking water with PFOA and PFOS, even at the levels above the updated values, does not represent an immediate health risk. These values are designed to reduce long-term health risks across the population and are based on multiple safety factors to protect the most vulnerable citizens, which makes them overprotective for most of the residents in our state.” In December 2017, the MDH issued a new HBV for perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) of 2 parts per billion (ppb). In February 2018, the MDH published reports finding no unusual rates of certain cancers or adverse birth outcomes (low birth rates or premature births) among residents of Washington and Dakota Counties in Minnesota. In April 2019, the MDH issued a new HBV for PFOS of 15 ppt and a new HBV for PFHxS of 47 ppt. ​ In May 2018, the EPA announced a four-step PFAS action plan, which includes evaluating the need to set Safe Drinking Water Act maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for PFOA and PFOS and beginning the steps necessary to designate PFOA and PFOS as “hazardous substances” under CERCLA. In November 2018, the EPA asked for public comment on draft toxicity assessments for two PFAS compounds, including PFBS. In February 2019, the EPA issued a PFAS Action Plan that outlines short- and long-term actions the EPA is taking to address PFAS – actions that include developing a national drinking water determination for PFOA and PFOS, strengthening enforcement authorities and evaluating cleanup approaches, nationwide drinking water monitoring for PFAS, expanding scientific knowledge for understanding and managing risk from PFAS, and developing consistent risk communication tools for communicating with other agencies and the public. With respect to groundwater contaminated with PFOA and PFOS, the EPA issued interim recommendations in December 2019, providing guidance for screening levels and preliminary remediation goals for groundwater that is a current or potential drinking water source, to inform final clean-up levels of contaminated sites. In February 2020, the EPA provided notice and requested public comment on certain preliminary determinations to regulate PFOA and PFOS under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). In June 2020, 3M submitted comments on EPA’s preliminary determinations to regulate PFOA and PFOS under the SDWA. ​ EPA announced in its Spring 2020 Regulatory Agenda, released in June 2020, that it intended to publish a notice of proposed rulemaking to designate PFOA and PFOS as hazardous substances under CERCLA in August 2020. In November 2020, EPA announced it was developing of a new analytical method to test for PFAS in wastewater and other environmental media. In December 2020, EPA released two new guidance documents related to PFAS. First, it issued a Draft Compliance Guide for Imported Articles Containing Surface Coatings Subject to the Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylate and Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonate Chemical Substances Significant New Use Rule. Second, EPA released for public comment interim guidance on destroying and disposing of certain PFAS and PFAS-containing materials. ​ In Januar

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases
Leases	NOTE 17. Leases ​ The components of lease expense are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, (Millions) ​ 2020 ​ 2019 Operating lease cost ​ $ 348 ​ $ 308 Finance lease cost: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amortization of assets ​ ​ 21 ​ ​ 20 Interest on lease liabilities ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ 2 Variable lease cost ​ ​ 101 ​ ​ 93 Total net lease cost ​ $ 471 ​ $ 423 ​ Short-term lease cost and income related to sub-lease activity is immaterial for the Company. ​ Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Location on Face of ​ As of December 31, (Millions unless noted) ​ Balance Sheet ​ 2020 ​ 2019 Operating leases: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating lease right of use assets ​ Operating lease right ​ $ 864 ​ $ 858 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current operating lease liabilities ​ Operating lease liabilities - current ​ $ 256 ​ $ 247 ​ Noncurrent operating lease liabilities ​ Operating lease liabilities ​ ​ 609 ​ ​ 607 ​ Total operating lease liabilities ​ ​ ​ $ 865 ​ $ 854 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Finance leases: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Property and equipment, at cost ​ Property, plant and equipment ​ $ 225 ​ $ 239 ​ Accumulated amortization ​ Property, plant and equipment (accumulated depreciation) ​ ​ (106) ​ ​ (102) ​ Property and equipment, net ​ ​ ​ $ 119 ​ $ 137 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current obligations of finance leases ​ Other current ​ $ 22 ​ $ 21 ​ Finance leases, net of current obligations ​ Other liabilities ​ ​ 93 ​ ​ 111 ​ Total finance lease liabilities ​ ​ ​ $ 115 ​ $ 132 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted average remaining lease term (in years): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating leases ​ ​ ​ ​ 5.6 ​ ​ 5.7 ​ Finance leases ​ ​ ​ ​ 7.6 ​ ​ 9.0 ​ Weighted average discount rate: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating leases ​ ​ ​ ​ 2.4 % ​ 3.2 % Finance leases ​ ​ ​ ​ 3.5 % ​ 3.8 % ​ ​ Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases is as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year Ended December 31, (Millions) ​ 2020 ​ 2019 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating cash flows from operating leases ​ $ 326 ​ $ 309 Operating cash flows from finance leases ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ 2 Financing cash flows from finance leases ​ ​ 58 ​ ​ 18 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating leases ​ ​ 250 ​ ​ 326 Finance leases ​ ​ 18 ​ ​ 61 ​ In the first quarter of 2020, 3M sold and leased-back certain recently constructed machinery and equipment in return for municipal securities, which in aggregate, were recorded as a finance lease asset and obligation of approximately $10 million. In the first quarter of 2019, 3M sold and leased-back certain recently constructed machinery and equipment in return for municipal securities, which in aggregate, were recorded as a finance lease asset ​ Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2020 ​ (Millions) ​ Finance Leases ​ Operating Leases ​ 2021 ​ $ 20 ​ $ 273 ​ 2022 ​ ​ 18 ​ ​ 201 ​ 2023 ​ ​ 18 ​ ​ 141 ​ 2024 ​ ​ 16 ​ ​ 93 ​ 2025 ​ ​ 10 ​ ​ 60 ​ After 2025 ​ ​ 41 ​ ​ 162 ​ Total ​ $ 123 ​ $ 930 ​ Less: Amounts representing interest ​ ​ 8 ​ ​ 65 ​ Present value of future minimum lease ​ ​ 115 ​ ​ 865 ​ Less: Current obligations ​ ​ 22 ​ ​ 256 ​ Long-term obligations ​ $ 93 ​ $ 609 ​ ​ As of December 31, 2020, the Company has additional operating lease commitments that have not yet commenced of approximately $18 million. These commitments pertain to 3M’s right of use of certain buildings. ​ Disclosures related to periods prior to 2019 adoption of new lease standard: ​ Capital and Operating Leases: Rental expense under operating leases was $393 million in 2018.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation	NOTE 18. Stock-Based Compensation ​ The 3M 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan provides for the issuance or delivery of up to 123,965,000 shares of 3M common stock pursuant to awards granted under the plan. Awards may be issued in the form of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stock awards, and performance units and performance shares. As of December 31, 2020, the remaining shares available for grant under the LTIP Program are 16 million and there were approximately 8,000 participants with outstanding options, restricted stock, or restricted stock units. ​ The Company’s annual stock option and restricted stock unit grant is made in February to provide a strong and immediate link between the performance of individuals during the preceding year and the size of their annual stock compensation grants. The grant to eligible employees uses the closing stock price on the grant date. Accounting rules require recognition of expense under a non- substantive vesting period approach, requiring compensation expense recognition when an employee is eligible to retire. Employees are considered eligible to retire at age 55 and after having completed ten years of service. This retiree-eligible population represents 35 percent of the annual grant’s stock-based compensation expense; therefore, higher stock-based compensation expense is recognized in the first quarter. ​ In addition to the annual grants, the Company makes other minor grants of stock options, restricted stock units and other stock-based grants. The Company issues cash settled restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights in certain countries. These grants do not result in the issuance of common stock and are considered immaterial by the Company. ​ Amounts recognized in the financial statements with respect to stock-based compensation programs, which include stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares and the General Employees’ Stock Purchase Plan (GESPP), are provided in the following table. Capitalized stock-based compensation amounts were not material. ​ Stock-Based Compensation Expense ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31 (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 Cost of sales ​ $ 50 ​ $ 47 ​ $ 48 ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ 169 ​ 185 ​ 207 ​ Research, development and related expenses ​ 43 ​ 46 ​ 47 ​ Stock-based compensation expenses ​ $ 262 ​ $ 278 ​ $ 302 ​ Income tax benefits ​ ​ (82) ​ ​ (141) ​ ​ (154) ​ Stock-based compensation expenses (benefits), net of tax ​ $ 180 ​ $ 137 ​ $ 148 ​ ​ Stock Option Program ​ The following table summarizes stock option activity for the years ended December 31: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2019 ​ 2018 ​ ​ Weighted ​ Weighted ​ Weighted ​ Number of ​ Average ​ Number of ​ Average ​ Number of ​ Average (Options in thousands) Options ​ Exercise Price ​ Options ​ Exercise Price ​ Options ​ Exercise Price Under option — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ January 1 ​ 33,675 ​ $ 151.15 34,569 ​ $ 138.98 34,965 ​ $ 125.73 ​ Granted ​ 4,777 ​ 157.25 3,434 ​ 200.80 3,211 ​ 233.19 ​ Exercised ​ (2,759) ​ 93.23 (4,193) ​ 89.89 (3,482) ​ 91.01 ​ Forfeited ​ (292) ​ 181.33 (135) ​ 201.27 (125) ​ 188.00 ​ December 31 ​ 35,401 ​ $ 156.23 33,675 ​ $ 151.15 34,569 ​ $ 138.98 ​ Options exercisable ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31 ​ 27,537 ​ $ 149.67 26,487 ​ $ 136.75 26,117 ​ $ 121.98 ​ ​ Stock options generally vest over a period from one ​ The total intrinsic values of stock options exercised during 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $206 million, $433 million and $469 million, respectively. Cash received from options exercised during 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $256 million, $375 million and $316 million, respectively. The Company’s actual tax benefits realized for the tax deductions related to the exercise of employee stock options for 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $44 million, $91 million and $99 million, respectively. ​ For the primary annual stock option grant, the weighted average fair value at the date of grant was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the assumptions that follow. ​ Stock Option Assumptions ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Annual ​ ​ 2020 2019 2018 Exercise price ​ $ 157.24 ​ $ 201.12 ​ $ 233.63 ​ Risk-free interest rate ​ 1.5 % 2.6 % 2.7 % Dividend yield ​ 2.7 % 2.5 % 2.4 % Expected volatility ​ 19.7 % 20.4 % 21.0 % Expected life (months) ​ 78 ​ 79 ​ 78 ​ Black-Scholes fair value ​ $ 21.58 ​ $ 34.19 ​ $ 41.59 ​ ​ Expected volatility is a statistical measure of the amount by which a stock price is expected to fluctuate during a period. For the 2020 annual grant date, the Company estimated the expected volatility based upon the following three volatilities of 3M stock: the median of the term of the expected life rolling volatility; the median of the most recent term of the expected life volatility; and the implied volatility on the grant date. The expected term assumption is based on the weighted average of historical grants. ​ Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units ​ The following table summarizes restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity for the years ended December 31: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2019 ​ 2018 ​ Weighted Weighted Weighted ​ ​ ​ ​ Average ​ ​ ​ Average ​ ​ ​ Average ​ ​ Number of ​ Grant Date ​ Number of ​ Grant Date ​ Number of ​ Grant Date (Shares in thousands) ​ Shares ​ Fair Value ​ Shares ​ Fair Value ​ Shares ​ Fair Value Nonvested balance — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of January 1 1,573 ​ $ 201.11 1,789 ​ $ 180.02 1,994 ​ $ 162.60 ​ Granted ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Annual 733 ​ 157.29 564 ​ 200.41 467 ​ 233.61 ​ Other 45 ​ 159.49 15 ​ 180.08 8 ​ 207.76 ​ Vested (570) ​ 176.20 (732) ​ 149.33 (640) ​ 164.83 ​ Forfeited (59) ​ 196.31 (63) ​ 192.52 (40) ​ 186.48 ​ As of December 31 1,722 ​ $ 189.78 1,573 ​ $ 201.11 1,789 ​ $ 180.02 ​ ​ As of December 31, 2020, there was $79 million of compensation expense that has yet to be recognized related to non-vested restricted stock and restricted stock units. This expense is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 23 months. The total fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock units that vested during December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $91 million, $144 million and $155 million, respectively. The Company’s actual tax benefits realized for the tax deductions related to the vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units for 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $26 million, $28 million and $29 million, respectively. ​ Restricted stock units granted generally vest three years following the grant date assuming continued employment. Dividend equivalents equal to the dividends payable on the same number of shares of 3M common stock accrue on these restricted stock units during the vesting period, although no dividend equivalents are paid on any of these restricted stock units that are forfeited prior to the vesting date. Dividends are paid out in cash at the vest date on restricted stock units. Since the rights to dividends are forfeitable, there is no impact on basic earnings per share calculations. Weighted average restricted stock unit shares outstanding are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share. ​ Performance Shares ​ Instead of restricted stock units, the Company makes annual grants of performance shares to members of its executive management. The 2020 performance criteria for these performance shares (organic volume growth, return on invested capital, free cash flow conversion, and earnings per share growth) were selected because the Company believes that they are important drivers of long-term stockholder value. The number of shares of 3M common stock that could actually be delivered at the end of the three-year performance period may be anywhere from 0% to 200% of each performance share granted, depending on the performance of the Company during such performance period. When granted, these performance shares are awarded at 100% of the estimated number of shares at the end of the three-year performance period and are reflected under “Granted” in the table below. Non-substantive vesting requires that expense for the performance shares be recognized over one ​ The following table summarizes performance share activity for the years ended December 31: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2019 ​ 2018 ​ Weighted Weighted Weighted ​ ​ ​ ​ Average ​ ​ ​ Average ​ ​ ​ Average ​ ​ Number of ​ Grant Date ​ Number of ​ Grant Date ​ Number of ​ Grant Date (Shares in thousands) ​ Shares ​ Fair Value ​ Shares ​ Fair Value ​ Shares ​ Fair Value Undistributed balance — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of January 1 444 ​ $ 205.58 562 ​ $ 188.96 686 ​ $ 171.90 ​ Granted 203 ​ 153.16 166 ​ 207.49 166 ​ 229.13 ​ Distributed (206) ​ 190.84 (210) ​ 162.16 (206) ​ 159.82 ​ Performance change 25 ​ 166.49 (48) ​ 204.73 (56) ​ 198.39 ​ Forfeited (43) ​ 172.92 (26) ​ 209.96 (28) ​ 204.09 ​ As of December 31 423 ​ $ 188.61 444 ​ $ 205.58 562 ​ $ 188.96 ​ ​ As of December 31, 2020, there was $17 million of compensation expense that has yet to be recognized related to performance shares. This expense is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average earnings period of 20 months. The total fair value of performance shares that were distributed were $35 million, $45 million, and $48 million for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company’s actual tax benefits realized for the tax deductions related to the distribution of performance shares were $7 million, $9 million, and $11 million per year for 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. ​ General Employees’ Stock Purchase Plan (GESPP): ​ As of December 31, 2020, shareholders have approved 60 million shares for issuance under the Company’s GESPP. Substantially all employees are eligible to participate in the plan. Participants are granted options at 85% of market value at the date of grant. There are no GESPP shares under option at the beginning or end of each year because options are granted on the first business day and exercised on the last business day of the same month. ​ The weighted-average fair value per option granted during 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $23.47, $27.14 and $31.91, respectively. The fair value of GESPP options was based on the 15% purchase price discount. The Company recognized compensation expense for GESSP options of $31 million in 2020, $30 million in 2019, and $30 million in 2018.

Business Segments and Geographi

Business Segments and Geographic Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Business Segments and Geographic Information
Business Segments and Geographic Information	NOTE 19. Business Segments and Geographic Information ​ 3M’s businesses are organized, managed and internally grouped into segments based on differences in markets, products, technologies and services. 3M manages its operations in four business segments: Safety and Industrial; Transportation and Electronics; Health Care; and Consumer. 3M’s four business segments bring together common or related 3M technologies, enhancing the development of innovative products and services and providing for efficient sharing of business resources. Transactions among reportable segments are recorded at cost. 3M is an integrated enterprise characterized by substantial intersegment cooperation, cost allocations and inventory transfers. Therefore, management does not represent that these segments, if operated independently, would report the operating income information shown. ​ Effective in the second quarter of 2020, the measure of segment operating performance used by 3M’s chief operating decision maker (CODM) changed and, as a result, 3M’s disclosed measure of segment profit/loss (business segment operating income) has been updated for all periods presented. The change to business segment operating income aligns with the update to how the CODM assesses performance and allocates resources for the Company’s business segments. ​ 3M discloses business segment operating income as its measure of segment profit/loss, reconciled to both total 3M operating income and income before taxes. Business segment operating income includes dual credit for certain related operating income (as described below in “Elimination of Dual Credit”). Business segment operating income excludes certain expenses and income that are not allocated to business segments (as described below in “Corporate and Unallocated”). Additionally, the following special items are excluded from business segment operating income and, instead, are included within Corporate and Unallocated: significant litigation-related charges/benefits, gain/loss on sale of businesses (see Note 3), and divestiture-related restructuring actions (see Note 5). ​ In addition, effective in the first quarter of 2020, in a continuing effort to improve the alignment of its businesses around customers and markets, the Company made the following changes: ​ Continued alignment of customer account activity ● As part of 3M’s regular customer-focus initiatives, the Company realigned certain customer account activity (“sales district”) to correlate with the primary divisional product offerings in various countries and reduce complexity for customers when interacting with multiple 3M businesses. This largely impacted the amount of dual credit certain business segments receive as a result of sales district attribution. 3M business segment reporting measures include dual credit to business segments for certain sales and operating income. This dual credit is based on which business segment provides customer account activity with respect to a particular product sold in a specific country. As a result of this change, previously reported aggregate business segment net sales and operating income for the total year 2019 decreased $42 million and $10 million, respectively, offset by corresponding decreases in the “Elimination of Dual Credit” net sales and operating income amounts. ​ Additional actions impacting product line alignments ● The remaining retail auto care product lines formerly in the Automotive Aftermarket Division (within the Safety and Industrial business segment), were realigned to the Construction and Home Improvement Division (within the Consumer business segment). This change resulted in a decrease of previously reported net sales and operating income for total year 2019 of $35 million and $11 million, respectively, in the Safety and Industrial business segment, offset by a corresponding increase in net sales and operating income within the Consumer business segment. ● In addition, certain product lines were realigned within business segments. The transdermal drug delivery components business, formerly included in the Drug Delivery Systems Division, was realigned to the Medical Solutions Division (both of which are within the Health Care business segment) and the paint protection film business, formerly included in the Automotive and Aerospace Division, was realigned to the Commercial Solutions Division (both of which are within the Transportation and Electronics business segment). ​ The financial information presented herein reflects the impact of the preceding business segment reporting changes for all periods presented. ​ Business Segment Products ​ ​ ​ ​ Business Segment Representative revenue-generating activities, products or services Safety and Industrial ​ o Industrial abrasives and finishing for metalworking applications o Autobody repair solutions o Closure systems for personal hygiene products, masking, and packaging materials o Electrical products and materials for construction and maintenance, power distribution and electrical OEMs o Structural adhesives and tapes o Respiratory, hearing, eye and fall protection solutions o Natural and color-coated mineral granules for shingles Transportation and Electronics ​ o Advanced ceramic solutions o Attachment tapes, films, sound and temperature management for transportation vehicles o Premium large format graphic films for advertising and fleet signage o Light management films and electronics assembly solutions o Packaging and interconnection solutions o Reflective signage for highway, and vehicle safety Health Care ​ o Food safety indicator solutions o Health care procedure coding and reimbursement software o Skin, wound care, and infection prevention products and solutions o Dentistry and orthodontia solutions o Filtration and purification systems Consumer ​ o Consumer bandages, braces, supports and consumer respirators o Cleaning products for the home o Retail abrasives, paint accessories, car care DIY products, picture hanging and consumer air quality solutions o Stationery products ​ Business Segment Information ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, Net Sales (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 Safety and Industrial ​ $ 11,767 ​ $ 11,514 ​ $ 12,414 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ 8,827 ​ 9,591 ​ 10,104 ​ Health Care ​ 8,345 ​ 7,431 ​ 6,821 ​ Consumer ​ 5,336 ​ 5,151 ​ 5,127 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ (1) ​ 110 ​ 50 ​ Elimination of Dual Credit ​ (2,090) ​ (1,661) ​ (1,751) ​ Total Company ​ $ 32,184 ​ $ 32,136 ​ $ 32,765 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating Performance (Millions) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Safety and Industrial ​ $ 3,054 ​ $ 2,510 ​ $ 2,860 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ 1,927 ​ 2,221 ​ 2,643 ​ Health Care ​ 1,828 ​ 1,858 ​ 1,918 ​ Consumer ​ 1,249 ​ 1,124 ​ 1,084 ​ Elimination of Dual Credit ​ (534) ​ (409) ​ (436) ​ Total business segment operating income ​ $ 7,524 ​ $ 7,304 ​ $ 8,069 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Special items: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Significant litigation-related (charges)/benefits ​ $ (17) ​ $ (762) ​ $ (897) ​ Gain/(loss) on sale of businesses ​ ​ 389 ​ ​ 114 ​ ​ 547 ​ Divestiture-related restructuring actions ​ ​ (55) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (127) ​ Other corporate expense - net ​ (680) ​ (482) ​ (385) ​ Total Corporate and Unallocated ​ ​ (363) ​ ​ (1,130) ​ ​ (862) ​ Total Company operating income ​ $ 7,161 ​ $ 6,174 ​ $ 7,207 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other expense/(income), net ​ ​ 450 ​ ​ 462 ​ ​ 207 ​ Income before income taxes ​ $ 6,711 ​ $ 5,712 ​ $ 7,000 ​ ​ Business Segment Information ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Assets Depreciation & Amortization ​ Capital Expenditures (Millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 Safety and Industrial ​ $ 11,711 ​ $ 11,682 ​ $ 562 ​ $ 509 ​ $ 493 ​ $ 451 ​ $ 391 ​ $ 375 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ 6,997 ​ 6,871 ​ 429 ​ 401 ​ 390 ​ 454 ​ 390 ​ 339 ​ Health Care ​ 14,531 ​ 14,790 ​ 626 ​ 392 ​ 262 ​ 251 ​ 264 ​ 245 ​ Consumer ​ 2,567 ​ 2,428 ​ 140 ​ 134 ​ 126 ​ 120 ​ 130 ​ 115 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ 11,538 ​ 8,888 ​ 154 ​ 157 ​ 217 ​ 225 ​ 524 ​ 503 ​ Total Company ​ $ 47,344 ​ $ 44,659 ​ $ 1,911 ​ $ 1,593 ​ $ 1,488 ​ $ 1,501 ​ $ 1,699 ​ $ 1,577 ​ ​ Assets subject to attribution to business segments largely include accounts receivable; inventories; property, plant and equipment; goodwill; intangible assets; and certain limited other assets. All other items are reflected in Corporate and Unallocated. Accounts receivable and inventory are attributed based on underlying sales or activity. Property, plant and equipment are attributed to a particular business segment based on that item’s primary user while certain items such as corporate-shared headquarters/administrative centers, laboratories, distribution centers and enterprise software systems are reflected in Corporate and Unallocated. Intangible assets and goodwill are largely directly associated with a particular reporting unit and attributed on that basis. Business segment depreciation reflected above is based on the underlying usage of assets (while the particular asset itself may be entirely reflected within a different business segment’s asset balance as its primary user). This depreciation also includes allocated depreciation associated with a number of the assets reflected in Corporate and Unallocated as described above. ​ During 2020, information relative to business segment depreciation and assets reviewed by 3M’s CODM changed. The change did not impact each segment’s operating income, but did change the separate summarization of depreciation by segment in CODM information. Depreciation previously was summarized based generally on depreciation of a particular asset being associated entirely with a single reporting unit, as opposed to an estimate of underlying asset usage. New CODM reporting of depreciation is as described above. With respect to assets in CODM reporting, previously certain assets used by multiple segments were “split” in terms of determining the balances associated with each business segment (new reporting aligns the entire asset to a single primary user), certain shared manufacturing assets were retained in Corporate and Unallocated, and a number of other assets were allocated to the business segments. The impact of these changes has been reflected in the above table for all periods presented. ​ Corporate and Unallocated Corporate and unallocated operating income includes a variety of miscellaneous items, such as corporate investment gains and losses, certain derivative gains and losses, certain insurance-related gains and losses, certain litigation and environmental expenses, corporate restructuring charges and certain under- or over-absorbed costs (e.g. pension, stock-based compensation) that the Company may choose not to allocate directly to its business segments and is disclosed as ‘other corporate expense-net”. Additionally, Corporate and Unallocated includes special items such as significant litigation-related charges/benefits, gain/loss on sale of businesses (see Note 3), and divestiture-related restructuring costs (see Note 5). Corporate and Unallocated also includes sales, costs, and income from contract manufacturing, transition services and other arrangements with the acquirer of all of the Communication Markets Division following its 2018 divestiture through 2019 and the acquirer of the former drug delivery business following its 2020 divestiture. Because this category includes a variety of miscellaneous items, it is subject to fluctuation on a quarterly and annual basis. ​ Elimination of Dual Credit 3M business segment reporting measures include dual credit to business segments for certain sales and related operating income. Management evaluates each of its four business segments based on net sales and operating income performance, including dual credit reporting to further incentivize sales growth. As a result, 3M reflects additional (“dual”) credit to another business segment when the customer account activity (“sales district”) with respect to the particular product sold to the external customer is provided by a different business segment. This additional dual credit is largely reflected at the division level. For example, privacy screen protection products are primarily sold by the Display Materials and Systems Division within the Transportation and Electronics business segment; however, certain sales districts within the Consumer business segment provide the customer account activity for sales of the product to particular customers. In this example, the non-primary selling segment (Consumer) would also receive credit for the associated net sales initiated through its sales district and the related approximate operating income. The assigned operating income related to dual credit activity may differ from operating income that would result from actual costs associated with such sales. The offset to the dual credit business segment reporting is reflected as a reconciling item entitled “Elimination of Dual Credit,” such that sales and operating income in total are unchanged. ​ Geographic Information ​ Geographic area information is used by the Company as a secondary performance measure to manage its businesses. Export sales and certain income and expense items are generally reported within the geographic area where the final sales to 3M customers are made. Refer to Note 2 for geographic net sales. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Property, Plant and ​ ​ Equipment - net (Millions) 2020 2019 Americas ​ $ 5,752 ​ $ 5,873 ​ Asia Pacific ​ 1,662 ​ 1,637 ​ Europe, Middle East and Africa ​ 2,007 ​ 1,823 ​ Total Company ​ $ 9,421 ​ $ 9,333 ​ ​ United States net property, plant and equipment (PP&E) was $5,358 and $5,442 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. China/Hong Kong net property, plant and equipment (PP&E) was $583 million and $553 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Quarterly Data (Unaudited)

Quarterly Data (Unaudited)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Quarterly Data (Unaudited)
Quarterly Data (Unaudited)	NOTE 20. Quarterly Data (Unaudited) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions, except per-share amounts) First Second Third Fourth Year 2020 ​ Quarter ​ Quarter ​ Quarter ​ Quarter ​ 2020 Net sales ​ $ 8,075 ​ $ 7,176 ​ $ 8,350 ​ $ 8,583 ​ $ 32,184 ​ Cost of sales ​ 4,109 ​ 3,805 ​ 4,303 ​ 4,388 ​ 16,605 ​ Net income including noncontrolling interest ​ 1,294 ​ 1,287 ​ 1,417 ​ 1,390 ​ 5,388 ​ Net income attributable to 3M ​ 1,292 ​ 1,290 ​ 1,413 ​ 1,389 ​ 5,384 ​ Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - basic ​ 2.24 ​ 2.24 ​ 2.45 ​ 2.40 ​ 9.32 ​ Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - diluted ​ 2.22 ​ 2.22 ​ 2.43 ​ 2.38 ​ 9.25 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions, except per-share amounts) First Second Third Fourth Year 2019 ​ Quarter ​ Quarter ​ Quarter ​ Quarter ​ 2019 Net sales ​ $ 7,863 ​ $ 8,171 ​ $ 7,991 ​ $ 8,111 ​ $ 32,136 ​ Cost of sales ​ 4,310 ​ 4,313 ​ 4,188 ​ 4,325 ​ 17,136 ​ Net income including noncontrolling interest ​ 893 ​ 1,131 ​ 1,588 ​ 970 ​ 4,582 ​ Net income attributable to 3M ​ 891 ​ 1,127 ​ 1,583 ​ 969 ​ 4,570 ​ Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - basic ​ 1.54 ​ 1.95 ​ 2.75 ​ 1.68 ​ 7.92 ​ Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - diluted ​ 1.51 ​ 1.92 ​ 2.72 ​ 1.66 ​ 7.81 ​ ​ Gross profit is calculated as net sales minus cost of sales. ​ In the first quarter of 2020, 3M recorded a net pre-tax charge of $17 million ($13 million after tax) related to PFAS (certain perfluorinated compounds) matters. The charge was more than offset by a reduction in tax expense of $52 million related to resolution of tax treatment with authorities regarding the previously disclosed 2018 agreement reached with the State of Minnesota that resolved the Natural Resources Damages (NRD) lawsuit. These items, in aggregate, resulted in a $39 million after tax benefit, or $0.07 per diluted share. Also, in the second quarter of 2020, the Company recorded an aggregate after tax gain on sale of businesses of $303 million, or $0.52 per diluted share in addition to divestiture-related restructuring charges of $46 million, or $0.08 per diluted share. ​ In 2019, the Company recorded significant litigation-related charges related to PFAS matters and coal mine dust respirator mask lawsuits as further described in Note 16, which reduced net income by $590 million, or $1.01 per diluted share, of which $424 million, or $0.72 per diluted share occurred in the first quarter and $166 million, or $0.29 per diluted share occurred in the fourth quarter. Additionally, in 2019, the Company recorded an aggregate after tax gain on sale of businesses of $129 million, or $0.22 per diluted share. In the second quarter of 2019, the Company recorded a non-operating charge related to the deconsolidation of its Venezuelan subsidiary, which reduced net income by $162 million, or $0.28 per diluted share.

Significant Accounting Polici_2

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Significant Accounting Policies
Consolidation	Consolidation:
Basis of presentation	Basis of presentation: ​ As described in Note 19, effective in the first quarter of 2020, the Company changed its business segment reporting in its continuing effort to improve the alignment of businesses around markets and customers. Additionally, the Company consolidated the way it presents geographic area net sales by providing an aggregate Americas geographic region (combining former United States and Latin America and Canada areas). Also, effective in the second quarter of 2020, the measure of segment operating performance used by 3M’s chief operating decision maker changed and, as a result, the Company’s disclosed measure of segment profit/loss has been updated. Information provided herein reflects the impact of these changes for all periods presented.
Foreign currency translation	Foreign currency translation: ​ 3M had a consolidating subsidiary in Venezuela, the financial statements of which were remeasured as if its functional currency were that of its parent because Venezuela’s economic environment is considered highly inflationary. The operating income of this subsidiary was immaterial as a percent of 3M’s consolidated operating income for the periods presented. In light of circumstances, including the country’s unstable environment and heightened unrest leading to sustained lack of demand, and expectation that these circumstances will continue for the foreseeable future, during May 2019, 3M concluded it no longer met the criteria of control in order to continue consolidating its Venezuelan operations. As a result, as of
Use of estimates	Use of estimates:
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents:
Marketable securities	Marketable securities: availability for use in current operations. 3M reviews impairments associated with its marketable securities in accordance with the measurement guidance provided by ASC 320, Investments-Debt Securities and ASC 326-30, Available-for-Sale Debt Securities, when determining whether a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis has resulted from a credit loss or other factors. An impairment relating to credit losses is recorded through an allowance for credit losses. The allowance is limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. A change in the allowance for credit losses is recorded into earnings in the period of the change. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recorded through accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of shareholders’ equity. The factors considered in determining whether a credit loss exists can include the extent to which fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, changes in the credit quality of the underlying loan obligors, credit ratings actions, as well as other factors. When a credit loss exists, the Company compares the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the debt security with the amortized cost basis of the security to determine what allowance amount, if any, should be recorded. Amounts are reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income and into earnings upon sale or a change in the portions of impairment related to credit losses and not related to credit losses.
Investments	Investments:
Other assets	Other assets:
Inventories	Inventories:
Property, plant and equipment	Property, plant and equipment: ten twenty three five
Conditional asset retirement obligations	Conditional asset retirement obligations:
Goodwill	Goodwill: tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. Impairment testing for goodwill is done at a reporting unit level, with all goodwill assigned to a reporting unit. Reporting units are one level below the business segment level, but are required to be combined when reporting units within the same segment have similar economic characteristics. 3M did not combine any of its reporting units for impairment testing. The impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying value of the reporting unit’s net assets exceeds its estimated fair value, not to exceed the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The estimated fair value of a reporting unit is determined using earnings for the reporting unit multiplied by a price/earnings ratio for comparable industry groups or by using a discounted cash flow analysis. Companies have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the fair value of a reporting unit is not “more likely than not” less than its carrying amount, which is commonly referred to as “Step 0”. 3M has chosen not to apply Step 0 for its annual goodwill assessments.
Intangible assets	Intangible assets: four ten seven four six five ​ Intangible assets with a definite life are tested for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset (asset group) may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds the estimated undiscounted cash flows from the asset’s or asset group’s ongoing use and eventual disposition. If an impairment is identified, the amount of the impairment loss recorded is calculated by the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. Fair value is generally determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. ​ Intangible assets with an indefinite life, namely certain tradenames, are not amortized. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually, and are tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. An impairment loss would be recognized when the fair value is less than the carrying value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset.
Restructuring actions	Restructuring actions:
Revenue (sales) recognition	Revenue (sales) recognition: ​ The Company recognizes revenue in light of the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, Revenue from Contracts with when legal title, physical possession and risks and rewards of goods/services transfers to the customer. In limited arrangements, control transfers over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as 3M completes the performance obligation(s). ​ Revenue is recognized at the transaction price which the Company expects to be entitled. When determining the transaction price, 3M estimates variable consideration applying the portfolio approach practical expedient under ASC 606. The main sources of variable consideration for 3M are customer rebates, trade promotion funds, and cash discounts. These sales incentives are recorded as a reduction to revenue at the time of the initial sale using the most-likely amount estimation method. The most-likely amount method is based on the single most likely outcome from a range of possible consideration outcomes. The range of possible consideration outcomes are primarily derived from the following inputs: sales terms, historical experience, trend analysis, and projected market conditions in the various markets served. Because 3M serves numerous markets, the sales incentive programs offered vary across businesses, but the most common incentive relates to amounts paid or credited to customers for achieving defined volume levels or growth objectives. There are no material instances where variable consideration is constrained and not recorded at the initial time of sale. Free goods are accounted for as an expense and recorded in cost of sales. Product returns are recorded as a reduction to revenue based on anticipated sales returns that occur in the normal course of business. 3M primarily has assurance-type warranties that do not result in separate performance obligations. Sales, use, value-added, and other excise taxes are not recognized in revenue. The Company has elected to present revenue net of sales taxes and other similar taxes. ​ For substantially all arrangements recognized over time, the Company applies the “right to invoice” practical expedient. As a result, 3M recognizes revenue at the invoice amount when the entity has a right to invoice a customer at an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the Company’s performance completed to date. ​ For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using 3M’s best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. ​ The Company did not recognize any material revenue in the current reporting period for performance obligations that were fully satisfied in previous periods. ​ The Company does not have material unfulfilled performance obligation balances for contracts with an original length greater than one year in any years presented. Additionally, the Company does not have material costs related to obtaining a contract with amortization periods greater than one year for any year presented. ​ 3M applies ASC 606 utilizing the following allowable exemptions or practical expedients: ● Exemption to not disclose the unfulfilled performance obligation balance for contracts with an original length of one year or less. ● Practical expedient relative to costs of obtaining a contract by expensing sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. ● Portfolio approach practical expedient relative to estimation of variable consideration. ● “Right to invoice” practical expedient based on 3M’s right to invoice the customer at an amount that reasonably represents the value to the customer of 3M’s performance completed to date. ● Election to present revenue net of sales taxes and other similar taxes. ● Sales-based royalty exemption permitting future intellectual property out-licensing royalty payments to be excluded from the otherwise required remaining performance obligations disclosure ​ The Company recognizes revenue from the rental of durable medical devices in accordance with the guidance of ASC 842, Leases
Accounts receivable and allowances	Accounts receivable and allowances: allowances for bad debts as well as the provision for credit losses, write-off activity and recoveries for the periods presented are not material. The Company does not have any significant off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers. The Company has long-term customer receivables that do not have significant credit risk, and the origination dates of which are typically not older than five years. These long-term receivables are subject to an allowance methodology similar to other receivables.
Advertising and merchandising	Advertising and merchandising:
Research, development, and related expenses	Research, development and related expenses:
Internal-use software	Internal-use software: three
Environmental	Environmental:
Income taxes	Income taxes: Income Taxes
Earnings per share	Earnings per share: ​ Earnings Per Share Computations ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Amounts in millions, except per share amounts) 2020 2019 2018 Numerator: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income attributable to 3M ​ ​ $ 5,384 ​ $ 4,570 ​ $ 5,349 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Denominator: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares outstanding – ​ ​ 577.6 ​ 577.0 ​ 588.5 ​ Dilution associated with the Company’s stock-based compensation plans ​ ​ 4.6 ​ 8.1 ​ 13.5 ​ Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares outstanding – ​ ​ 582.2 ​ 585.1 ​ 602.0 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders – ​ ​ $ 9.32 ​ $ 7.92 ​ $ 9.09 ​ Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders – ​ ​ $ 9.25 ​ $ 7.81 ​ $ 8.89 ​
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation:
Comprehensive income	Comprehensive income:
Derivatives and hedging activities	Derivatives and hedging activities: Derivatives and Hedging
Credit risk	Credit risk:
Fair value measurements	Fair value measurements: Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The standard also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based upon the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs (other than quoted prices) that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Acquisitions	Acquisitions: Business Combinations
Leases	Leases: ​ After adoption of ASU 2016-02 and related standards in 2019, operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The discount rate used to calculate present value is 3M’s incremental borrowing rate or, if available, the rate implicit in the lease. 3M determines the incremental borrowing rate for leases using a portfolio approach based primarily on the lease term and the economic environment of the applicable country or region. ​ As a lessee, the Company leases distribution centers, office space, land, and equipment. Certain 3M lease agreements include rental payments adjusted annually based on changes in an inflation index. 3M’s leases do not contain material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ​ Certain leases include one or more extend lease term ​ For the measurement and classification of its lease agreements, 3M groups lease and non-lease components into a single lease component for all underlying asset classes. Variable lease payments primarily include payments for non-lease components, such as maintenance costs, payments for leased assets used beyond their noncancelable lease term as adjusted for contractual options to terminate or renew, and payments for non-components such as sales tax. Certain 3M leases contain immaterial variable lease payments based on number of units produced.
New Accounting Pronouncements	New Accounting Pronouncements ​ In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ​ In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract ​ In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740). ​ In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Investments—Equity Securities, Topic 323, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures, and Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging ​ In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope its debt securities, bank facilities, and derivative instruments and continues to evaluate commercial contracts that may utilize LIBOR as the reference rate. 3M will continue its assessment and monitor regulatory developments during the LIBOR transition period.

Significant Accounting Polici_3

Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Significant Accounting Policies
Earnings Per Share Computations	Earnings Per Share Computations ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Amounts in millions, except per share amounts) 2020 2019 2018 Numerator: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income attributable to 3M ​ ​ $ 5,384 ​ $ 4,570 ​ $ 5,349 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Denominator: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares outstanding – ​ ​ 577.6 ​ 577.0 ​ 588.5 ​ Dilution associated with the Company’s stock-based compensation plans ​ ​ 4.6 ​ 8.1 ​ 13.5 ​ Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares outstanding – ​ ​ 582.2 ​ 585.1 ​ 602.0 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders – ​ ​ $ 9.32 ​ $ 7.92 ​ $ 9.09 ​ Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders – ​ ​ $ 9.25 ​ $ 7.81 ​ $ 8.89 ​

Revenue (Tables)

Revenue (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue
Schedule of disaggregated revenue recognized during the period	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ Net Sales (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 ​ Abrasives ​ $ 1,180 ​ $ 1,387 ​ $ 1,512 ​ Automotive Aftermarket ​ ​ 1,102 ​ ​ 1,229 ​ ​ 1,356 ​ Closure and Masking Systems ​ ​ 993 ​ ​ 1,111 ​ ​ 1,224 ​ Communication Markets ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 175 ​ Electrical Markets ​ ​ 1,121 ​ ​ 1,200 ​ ​ 1,244 ​ Industrial Adhesives and Tapes ​ ​ 2,562 ​ ​ 2,689 ​ ​ 2,841 ​ Personal Safety ​ ​ 4,433 ​ ​ 3,504 ​ ​ 3,601 ​ Roofing Granules ​ ​ 390 ​ ​ 366 ​ ​ 353 ​ Other Safety and Industrial ​ ​ (14) ​ ​ 28 ​ ​ 108 ​ Total Safety and Industrial Business Segment ​ $ 11,767 ​ $ 11,514 ​ $ 12,414 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Advanced Materials ​ $ 1,036 ​ $ 1,245 ​ $ 1,236 ​ Automotive and Aerospace ​ ​ 1,612 ​ ​ 1,913 ​ ​ 2,074 ​ Commercial Solutions ​ ​ 1,529 ​ ​ 1,785 ​ ​ 1,863 ​ Electronics ​ ​ 3,767 ​ ​ 3,711 ​ ​ 3,971 ​ Transportation Safety ​ ​ 890 ​ ​ 943 ​ ​ 951 ​ Other Transportation and Electronics ​ ​ (7) ​ ​ (6) ​ ​ 9 ​ Total Transportation and Electronics Business Segment ​ $ 8,827 ​ $ 9,591 ​ $ 10,104 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Drug Delivery ​ $ 146 ​ $ 372 ​ $ 407 ​ Food Safety ​ ​ 342 ​ ​ 341 ​ ​ 328 ​ Health Information Systems ​ ​ 1,140 ​ ​ 1,177 ​ ​ 837 ​ Medical Solutions ​ ​ 4,787 ​ ​ 3,439 ​ ​ 3,073 ​ Oral Care ​ ​ 1,076 ​ ​ 1,321 ​ ​ 1,353 ​ Separation and Purification Sciences ​ ​ 853 ​ ​ 791 ​ ​ 817 ​ Other Health Care ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ (10) ​ ​ 6 ​ Total Health Care Business Group ​ $ 8,345 ​ $ 7,431 ​ $ 6,821 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Consumer Health Care ​ $ 366 ​ $ 379 ​ $ 389 ​ Home Care ​ ​ 1,066 ​ ​ 991 ​ ​ 1,013 ​ Home Improvement ​ ​ 2,527 ​ ​ 2,297 ​ ​ 2,216 ​ Stationery and Office ​ ​ 1,223 ​ ​ 1,378 ​ ​ 1,399 ​ Other Consumer ​ ​ 154 ​ ​ 106 ​ ​ 110 ​ Total Consumer Business Group ​ $ 5,336 ​ $ 5,151 ​ $ 5,127 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ $ (1) ​ $ 110 ​ $ 50 ​ Elimination of Dual Credit ​ ​ (2,090) ​ ​ (1,661) ​ ​ (1,751) ​ Total Company ​ $ 32,184 ​ $ 32,136 ​ $ 32,765 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, 2020 ​ Net Sales (Millions) Americas ​ Asia Pacific Europe, Middle East and Africa Other Unallocated Worldwide ​ Safety and Industrial ​ $ 6,177 ​ $ 2,805 ​ $ 2,791 ​ $ (6) ​ $ 11,767 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ 2,455 ​ 5,097 ​ 1,282 ​ (7) ​ 8,827 ​ Health Care ​ ​ 5,062 ​ ​ 1,478 ​ ​ 1,809 ​ ​ (4) ​ ​ 8,345 ​ Consumer ​ 3,832 ​ 939 ​ 567 ​ (2) ​ 5,336 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ (1) ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ (1) ​ Elimination of Dual Credit ​ (1,000) ​ (750) ​ (340) ​ — ​ (2,090) ​ Total Company ​ $ 16,525 ​ $ 9,569 ​ $ 6,109 ​ $ (19) ​ $ 32,184 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, 2019 ​ Net Sales (Millions) Americas ​ Asia Pacific Europe, Middle East and Africa Other Unallocated Worldwide ​ Safety and Industrial ​ $ 6,008 ​ $ 2,844 ​ $ 2,666 ​ $ (4) ​ $ 11,514 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ 2,901 ​ 5,221 ​ 1,472 ​ (3) ​ 9,591 ​ Health Care ​ ​ 4,200 ​ ​ 1,490 ​ ​ 1,743 ​ ​ (2) ​ ​ 7,431 ​ Consumer ​ 3,641 ​ 952 ​ 559 ​ (1) ​ 5,151 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ 109 ​ — ​ 1 ​ — ​ 110 ​ Elimination of Dual Credit ​ (735) ​ (711) ​ (215) ​ — ​ (1,661) ​ Total Company ​ $ 16,124 ​ $ 9,796 ​ $ 6,226 ​ $ (10) ​ $ 32,136 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, 2018 ​ Net Sales (Millions) Americas ​ Asia Pacific Europe, Middle East and Africa Other Unallocated Worldwide ​ Safety and Industrial ​ $ 6,345 ​ $ 3,076 ​ $ 2,996 ​ $ (3) ​ $ 12,414 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ 3,015 ​ 5,513 ​ 1,577 ​ (1) ​ 10,104 ​ Health Care ​ ​ 3,636 ​ ​ 1,453 ​ ​ 1,733 ​ ​ (1) ​ ​ 6,821 ​ Consumer ​ 3,562 ​ 980 ​ 586 ​ (1) ​ 5,127 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ 51 ​ — ​ — ​ (1) ​ 50 ​ Elimination of Dual Credit ​ (745) ​ (768) ​ (238) ​ — ​ (1,751) ​ Total Company ​ $ 15,864 ​ $ 10,254 ​ $ 6,654 ​ $ (7) ​ $ 32,765 ​

Acquisitions and Divestitures (

Acquisitions and Divestitures (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Allocation of purchase price	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2019 Acquisition Activity ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Finite-Lived ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Intangible-Asset ​ (Millions) ​ ​ ​ Weighted-Average Asset (Liability) ​ M*Modal ​ Acelity ​ Total ​ Lives (Years) Accounts receivable ​ $ 75 ​ $ 295 ​ $ 370 ​ ​ ​ Inventory ​ — ​ 186 ​ 186 ​ ​ ​ Other current assets ​ 2 ​ 65 ​ 67 ​ ​ ​ Property, plant, and equipment ​ 8 ​ 147 ​ 155 ​ ​ ​ Purchased finite-lived intangible assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Customer related intangible assets ​ 275 ​ 1,760 ​ 2,035 ​ 18 ​ Other technology-based intangible assets ​ ​ 160 ​ ​ 1,390 ​ ​ 1,550 ​ 10 ​ Definite-lived tradenames ​ ​ 11 ​ ​ 485 ​ ​ 496 ​ 16 ​ Purchased goodwill ​ 517 ​ 2,952 ​ 3,469 ​ ​ ​ Other assets ​ ​ 58 ​ ​ 73 ​ ​ 131 ​ ​ ​ Accounts payable and other liabilities ​ (127) ​ (438) ​ (565) ​ ​ ​ Interest bearing debt ​ (251) ​ (2,322) ​ (2,573) ​ ​ ​ Deferred tax asset/(liability) and accrued income taxes ​ (24) ​ (288) ​ (312) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net assets acquired ​ $ 704 ​ $ 4,305 ​ $ 5,009 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Supplemental information: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash paid ​ $ 708 ​ $ 4,486 ​ $ 5,194 ​ ​ ​ Less: Cash acquired ​ 4 ​ 206 ​ 210 ​ ​ ​ Cash paid, net of cash acquired ​ $ 704 ​ $ 4,280 ​ $ 4,984 ​ ​ ​ Consideration payable ​ ​ — ​ ​ 25 ​ ​ 25 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 704 ​ $ 4,305 ​ $ 5,009 ​ ​ ​
Approximate amounts of major assets and liabilities associated with disposal groups classified as held-for-sale	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, (Millions) 2019 Inventory ​ $ 70 ​ Property, plant and equipment ​ ​ 150 ​ Intangible assets ​ ​ 35 ​

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) ​ Safety and Industrial ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ Health Care ​ Consumer ​ Total Company ​ Balance as of December 31, 2018 ​ $ 4,716 ​ $ 1,857 ​ $ 3,248 ​ $ 230 ​ $ 10,051 ​ Acquisition activity ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 3,469 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 3,469 ​ Divestiture activity ​ ​ (49) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ (49) ​ Translation and other ​ ​ (46) ​ ​ (27) ​ ​ 22 ​ ​ 24 ​ ​ (27) ​ Balance as of December 31, 2019 ​ $ 4,621 ​ $ 1,830 ​ $ 6,739 ​ $ 254 ​ $ 13,444 ​ Acquisition activity ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ (34) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (34) ​ Divestiture activity ​ ​ — ​ ​ (10) ​ ​ (19) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (29) ​ Translation and other ​ ​ 66 ​ ​ 38 ​ ​ 306 ​ ​ 11 ​ ​ 421 ​ Balance as of December 31, 2020 ​ $ 4,687 ​ $ 1,858 ​ $ 6,992 ​ $ 265 ​ $ 13,802 ​
Acquired Intangible Assets	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, (Millions) 2020 2019 Customer related intangible assets ​ $ 4,280 ​ $ 4,316 ​ Patents ​ 537 ​ 538 ​ Other technology-based intangible assets ​ 2,114 ​ 2,124 ​ Definite-lived tradenames ​ 1,178 ​ 1,158 ​ Other amortizable intangible assets ​ 104 ​ 125 ​ Total gross carrying amount ​ $ 8,213 ​ $ 8,261 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accumulated amortization — customer related ​ (1,422) ​ (1,180) ​ Accumulated amortization — patents ​ (512) ​ (499) ​ Accumulated amortization — other technology-based ​ (638) ​ (435) ​ Accumulated amortization — definite-lived tradenames ​ (385) ​ (316) ​ Accumulated amortization — other ​ (79) ​ (90) ​ Total accumulated amortization ​ $ (3,036) ​ $ (2,520) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total finite-lived intangible assets — net ​ $ 5,177 ​ $ 5,741 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Non-amortizable intangible assets (primarily tradenames) ​ 658 ​ 638 ​ Total intangible assets — net ​ $ 5,835 ​ $ 6,379 ​
Schedule of amortization expense for acquired intangible assets	​ Amortization expense for the years ended December 31 follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 Amortization expense ​ $ 537 ​ $ 341 ​ $ 249 ​
Schedule of expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets	Expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets recorded as of December 31, 2020 follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ After ​ (Millions) ​ 2021 ​ 2022 ​ 2023 ​ 2024 ​ 2025 ​ 2025 Amortization expense ​ $ 528 ​ $ 515 ​ $ 488 ​ $ 459 ​ $ 428 ​ $ 2,759 ​

Restructuring Actions (Tables)

Restructuring Actions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
2020 Restructuring Actions | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Schedule of restructuring charges by income statement line	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Fourth Quarter 2020 Cost of sales ​ $ 51 Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ 79 Research, development and related expenses ​ 7 Total operating income impact ​ $ 137
Components of restructuring by business segment	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fourth Quarter 2020 (Millions) Employee-Related Asset-Related and Other Total Safety and Industrial ​ $ 36 ​ $ 7 ​ $ 43 Transportation and Electronics ​ ​ 16 ​ ​ 12 ​ ​ 28 Health Care ​ ​ 23 ​ ​ 3 ​ ​ 26 Consumer ​ ​ 10 ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ 11 Corporate and Unallocated ​ 16 ​ 13 ​ 29 Total Operating Expense ​ $ 101 ​ $ 36 ​ $ 137
Accrued restructuring action balances	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Employee-Related Asset-Related and Other Total Expense incurred in the fourth quarter of 2020 ​ $ 101 ​ $ 36 ​ $ 137 Non-cash changes ​ ​ — ​ ​ (36) ​ ​ (36) Accrued restructuring action balances as of December 31, 2020 ​ $ 101 ​ $ — ​ $ 101
2020 Restructuring Actions | Drug delivery business
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Schedule of restructuring charges by income statement line	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Second Quarter 2020 Cost of sales ​ $ 42 ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ 12 ​ Research, development and related expenses ​ 1 ​ Total operating income impact ​ $ 55 ​
Accrued restructuring action balances	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Employee-Related Asset-Related and Other Total Expense incurred in the second quarter of 2020 ​ $ 32 ​ $ 23 ​ $ 55 ​ Non-cash changes ​ ​ — ​ ​ (14) ​ ​ (14) ​ Cash payments ​ (14) ​ — ​ (14) ​ Adjustments ​ ​ (3) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (3) ​ Accrued divestiture-related restructuring action balances as of December 31, 2020 ​ $ 15 ​ $ 9 ​ $ 24 ​
2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Schedule of restructuring charges by income statement line	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Second Quarter 2020 Cost of sales ​ $ 13 ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ 37 ​ Research, development and related expenses ​ 8 ​ Total operating income impact ​ $ 58 ​
Components of restructuring by business segment	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Second Quarter 2020 ​ ( Millions Employee-Related Asset-Related and Other Total Safety and Industrial ​ $ 7 ​ $ — ​ $ 7 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ ​ 11 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 11 ​ Health Care ​ ​ 12 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 12 ​ Consumer ​ ​ 5 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 5 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ — ​ 23 ​ 23 ​ Total Operating Expense ​ $ 35 ​ $ 23 ​ $ 58 ​
Accrued restructuring action balances	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Employee-Related Asset-Related Total Expense incurred in the second quarter of 2020 ​ $ 35 ​ $ 23 ​ $ 58 ​ Non-cash changes ​ ​ — ​ ​ (23) ​ ​ (23) ​ Cash payments ​ (2) ​ — ​ (2) ​ Adjustments ​ ​ (9) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (9) ​ Accrued restructuring action balances as of December 31, 2020 ​ $ 24 ​ $ — ​ $ 24 ​
2019 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Schedule of restructuring charges by income statement line	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ( Millions Second and Fourth Quarter 2019 Cost of sales ​ $ 72 ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ 137 ​ Research, development and related expenses ​ 37 ​ Total operating income impact ​ ​ 246 ​ Other expense (income), net ​ ​ 36 ​ Total income before income taxes impact ​ $ 282 ​
Components of restructuring by business segment	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Second and Fourth Quarter 2019 ​ ( Millions Employee-Related Asset-Related Total Safety and Industrial ​ $ 50 ​ $ — ​ $ 50 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ ​ 31 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 31 ​ Health Care ​ ​ 17 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 17 ​ Consumer ​ ​ 8 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 8 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ 100 ​ 40 ​ 140 ​ Total Operating Expense ​ $ 206 ​ $ 40 ​ $ 246 ​
Accrued restructuring action balances	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Employee-Related Asset-Related Total Expense incurred in the second quarter and fourth quarter of 2019 ​ $ 242 ​ $ 40 ​ $ 282 ​ Non-cash changes ​ ​ (36) ​ ​ (40) ​ ​ (76) ​ Cash payments ​ (52) ​ — ​ (52) ​ Adjustments ​ ​ (14) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (14) ​ Accrued restructuring action balances as of December 31, 2019 ​ $ 140 ​ $ — ​ $ 140 ​ Cash Payments ​ ​ (51) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (51) ​ Adjustments ​ ​ (59) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (59) ​ Accrued restructuring action balances as of December 31, 2020 ​ $ 30 ​ $ — ​ $ 30 ​
2018 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Schedule of restructuring charges by income statement line	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) ​ Second and Fourth Quarter 2018 ​ Cost of sales ​ $ 27 ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ 105 ​ Research, development and related expenses ​ 5 ​ Total ​ $ 137 ​
Accrued restructuring action balances	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) Employee-Related Asset-Related Total Expense incurred in the second quarter and fourth quarter of 2018 ​ $ 125 ​ $ 12 ​ $ 137 ​ Non-cash changes ​ ​ — ​ ​ (12) ​ ​ (12) ​ Cash payments ​ ​ (24) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (24) ​ Adjustments ​ (17) ​ — ​ (17) ​ Accrued restructuring action balances as of December 31, 2018 ​ $ 84 ​ $ — ​ $ 84 ​ Cash payments ​ (76) ​ — ​ (76) ​ Adjustments ​ ​ (5) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (5) ​ Accrued restructuring action balances as of December 31, 2019 ​ $ 3 ​ $ — ​ $ 3 ​

Supplemental Income Statement_2

Supplemental Income Statement Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Supplemental Income Statement Information
Schedule of other expense (income)	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2019 ​ 2018 ​ Interest expense ​ ​ $ 529 ​ $ 448 ​ $ 350 ​ Interest income ​ ​ (29) ​ (80) ​ (70) ​ Pension and postretirement net periodic benefit cost (benefit) ​ ​ ​ (50) ​ ​ (68) ​ ​ (73) ​ Loss on deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary ​ ​ — ​ 162 ​ — ​ Total ​ ​ $ 450 ​ $ 462 ​ $ 207 ​

Supplemental Balance Sheet In_2

Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Supplemental Balance Sheet Information
Supplemental Balance Sheet Information	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) 2020 2019 Other current assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivative assets-current ​ $ 34 ​ $ 75 ​ Held-to-maturity debt security held in trust ​ ​ — ​ ​ 470 ​ Insurance related (receivables, prepaid expenses and other) ​ 125 ​ 172 ​ Other ​ 166 ​ 174 ​ Total other current assets ​ $ 325 ​ $ 891 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Property, plant and equipment - at cost ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Land ​ $ 338 ​ $ 351 ​ Buildings and leasehold improvements ​ 8,021 ​ 7,877 ​ Machinery and equipment ​ 16,866 ​ 16,586 ​ Construction in progress ​ 1,425 ​ 1,310 ​ Gross property, plant and equipment ​ 26,650 ​ 26,124 ​ Accumulated depreciation ​ (17,229) ​ (16,791) ​ Property, plant and equipment - net ​ $ 9,421 ​ $ 9,333 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Deferred income taxes ​ $ 871 ​ $ 521 ​ Prepaid pension and post retirement ​ ​ 630 ​ 230 ​ Insurance related receivables and other ​ 49 ​ 67 ​ Cash surrender value of life insurance policies ​ ​ 258 ​ ​ 254 ​ Equity method investments ​ 134 ​ 70 ​ Equity and other investments ​ ​ 80 ​ 126 ​ Other ​ 418 ​ 406 ​ Total other assets ​ $ 2,440 ​ $ 1,674 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other current liabilities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accrued rebates ​ $ 639 ​ $ 594 ​ Deferred revenue ​ 498 ​ 430 ​ Derivative liabilities ​ 81 ​ 17 ​ Employee benefits and withholdings ​ 192 ​ 229 ​ Contingent liability claims and other ​ 556 ​ 566 ​ Property, sales-related and other taxes ​ 308 ​ 247 ​ Pension and postretirement benefits ​ 71 ​ 67 ​ Other ​ 933 ​ 906 ​ Total other current liabilities ​ $ 3,278 ​ $ 3,056 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other liabilities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Long term income taxes payable ​ $ 1,511 ​ $ 1,507 ​ Employee benefits ​ 410 ​ 312 ​ Contingent liability claims and other ​ 815 ​ 787 ​ Finance lease obligations ​ 93 ​ 111 ​ Deferred income taxes ​ 333 ​ 301 ​ Other ​ 300 ​ 257 ​ Total other liabilities ​ $ 3,462 ​ $ 3,275 ​

Supplemental Equity and Compr_2

Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to 3M	Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to 3M by Component ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Defined Benefit ​ Cash Flow ​ Total ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pension and ​ Hedging ​ Accumulated ​ ​ Cumulative ​ Postretirement ​ Instruments, ​ Other ​ ​ Translation ​ Plans ​ Unrealized ​ Comprehensive (Millions) ​ Adjustment ​ Adjustment ​ Gain (Loss) ​ Income (Loss) Balance at December 31, 2017, net of tax: ​ $ (1,638) ​ $ (5,276) ​ $ (112) ​ $ (7,026) ​ Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amounts before reclassifications ​ (414) ​ 55 ​ 133 ​ (226) ​ Amounts reclassified out ​ — ​ 606 ​ 96 ​ 702 ​ Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax ​ (414) ​ 661 ​ 229 ​ 476 ​ Tax effect ​ (47) ​ (217) ​ (53) ​ (317) ​ Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax ​ (461) ​ 444 ​ 176 ​ 159 ​ Impact from purchase of subsidiary shares ​ 1 ​ — ​ — ​ 1 ​ Balance at December 31, 2018, net of tax: ​ $ (2,098) ​ $ (4,832) ​ $ 64 ​ $ (6,866) ​ Impact of adoption of ASU No. 2018-02 ​ ​ (13) ​ ​ (817) ​ ​ (23) ​ ​ (853) ​ Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amounts before reclassifications ​ 102 ​ (1,227) ​ (26) ​ (1,151) ​ Amounts reclassified out ​ 142 ​ 459 ​ (70) ​ 531 ​ Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax ​ 244 ​ (768) ​ (96) ​ (620) ​ Tax effect ​ (32) ​ 208 ​ 24 ​ 200 ​ Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax ​ 212 ​ (560) ​ (72) ​ (420) ​ Balance at December 31, 2019, net of tax: ​ $ (1,899) ​ $ (6,209) ​ $ (31) ​ $ (8,139) ​ Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amounts before reclassifications ​ 387 ​ (555) ​ (113) ​ (281) ​ Amounts reclassified out ​ — ​ 676 ​ (71) ​ 605 ​ Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax ​ 387 ​ 121 ​ (184) ​ 324 ​ Tax effect ​ 62 ​ 50 ​ 42 ​ 154 ​ Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax ​ 449 ​ 171 ​ (142) ​ 478 ​ Balance at December 31, 2020, net of tax: ​ $ (1,450) ​ $ (6,038) ​ $ (173) ​ $ (7,661) ​
Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to 3M ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amounts Reclassified from ​ ​ Details about Accumulated Other ​ ​ Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ​ ​ ​ Comprehensive Income Components ​ Year ended December 31, ​ Location on Income (Millions) ​ 2020 ​ 2019 ​ 2018 ​ Statement Cumulative translation adjustment ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary ​ ​ $ — ​ $ (142) ​ $ — ​ Other (expense) income, net ​ Total before tax ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ (142) ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ Tax effect ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Provision for income taxes ​ Net of tax ​ ​ $ — ​ $ (142) ​ $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gains (losses) associated with defined benefit pension and postretirement plans amortization ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Transition asset ​ ​ $ (2) ​ $ — ​ $ — See Note 13 ​ Prior service benefit ​ ​ 62 ​ 69 ​ 76 See Note 13 ​ Net actuarial loss ​ ​ ​ (716) ​ ​ (478) ​ ​ (678) ​ See Note 13 ​ Curtailments/Settlements ​ ​ (20) ​ (48) ​ (4) See Note 13 ​ Deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ (2) ​ ​ — ​ Other (expense) income, net ​ Total before tax ​ ​ (676) ​ (459) ​ (606) ​ ​ ​ Tax effect ​ ​ 161 ​ 110 ​ 145 Provision for income taxes ​ Net of tax ​ ​ $ (515) ​ $ (349) ​ $ (461) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash flow hedging instruments gains (losses) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ ​ $ 80 ​ $ 74 ​ $ (95) Cost of sales ​ Interest rate contracts ​ ​ (9) ​ (4) ​ (1) Interest expense ​ Total before tax ​ ​ 71 ​ 70 ​ (96) ​ ​ ​ Tax effect ​ ​ (17) ​ (17) ​ 19 Provision for income taxes ​ Net of tax ​ ​ $ 54 ​ $ 53 ​ $ (77) ​ ​ ​ Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax ​ ​ $ (461) ​ $ (438) ​ $ (538) ​ ​ ​

Supplemental Cash Flow Inform_2

Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements
Supplemental Cash Flow Information	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 Cash income tax payments, net of refunds ​ $ 1,351 ​ $ 1,198 ​ $ 1,560 ​ Cash interest payments ​ 524 ​ 370 ​ 314 ​

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Taxes.
Income Before Income Taxes	Income Before Income Taxes ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 United States ​ $ 3,720 ​ $ 3,008 ​ $ 3,487 ​ International ​ 2,991 ​ 2,704 ​ 3,513 ​ Total ​ $ 6,711 ​ $ 5,712 ​ $ 7,000 ​
Provision for Income Taxes	Provision for Income Taxes ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 Currently payable ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Federal ​ $ 720 ​ $ 534 ​ $ 698 ​ State ​ 123 ​ 59 ​ 109 ​ International ​ 633 ​ 673 ​ 763 ​ Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) non-current transition tax provision ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 176 ​ Deferred ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Federal ​ (59) ​ (32) ​ (38) ​ State ​ (20) ​ (26) ​ (17) ​ International ​ (79) ​ (78) ​ (54) ​ Total ​ $ 1,318 ​ $ 1,130 ​ $ 1,637 ​
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities	Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) 2020 2019 Deferred tax assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accruals not currently deductible ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Employee benefit costs ​ $ 232 ​ $ 169 ​ Product and other claims ​ 338 ​ 280 ​ Miscellaneous accruals ​ 153 ​ 119 ​ Pension costs ​ 849 ​ 824 ​ Stock-based compensation ​ 231 ​ 218 ​ Net operating/capital loss/tax credit carryforwards ​ 148 ​ 150 ​ Foreign tax credits ​ 100 ​ 66 ​ Currency translation ​ ​ 90 ​ ​ — ​ Inventory ​ ​ 54 ​ ​ 70 ​ Other ​ 112 ​ 113 ​ Gross deferred tax assets ​ 2,307 ​ 2,009 ​ Valuation allowance ​ (135) ​ (158) ​ Total deferred tax assets ​ $ 2,172 ​ $ 1,851 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Deferred tax liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Product and other insurance receivables ​ $ (4) ​ $ — ​ Accelerated depreciation ​ (607) ​ (580) ​ Intangible amortization ​ (1,023) ​ (1,021) ​ Currency translation ​ ​ — ​ ​ (30) ​ Other ​ — ​ — ​ Total deferred tax liabilities ​ $ (1,634) ​ $ (1,631) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net deferred tax assets ​ $ 538 ​ $ 220 ​
Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate	Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2020 2019 2018 Statutory U.S. tax rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State income taxes - net of federal benefit 1.2 ​ 0.5 ​ 1.0 ​ International income taxes - net (1.2) ​ 0.2 ​ 0.2 ​ Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (GILTI) ​ 0.8 ​ 1.8 ​ 1.1 ​ Foreign Derived Intangible Income (FDII) ​ (1.8) ​ (2.9) ​ (1.3) ​ U.S. TCJA enactment - net impacts ​ — ​ — ​ 2.5 ​ U.S. research and development credit (1.0) ​ (1.7) ​ (1.5) ​ Reserves for tax contingencies 0.5 ​ 2.3 ​ 1.2 ​ Employee share-based payments ​ (0.5) ​ (1.3) ​ (1.4) ​ All other - net 0.6 ​ (0.1) ​ 0.6 ​ Effective worldwide tax rate 19.6 % 19.8 % 23.4 %
Reconciliation of Federal, State and Foreign Tax Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits	Federal, State and Foreign Tax ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 Gross UTB Balance at January 1 ​ $ 1,167 ​ $ 647 ​ $ 530 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Additions based on tax positions related to the current year ​ 74 ​ 76 ​ 129 ​ Additions for tax positions of prior years ​ 106 ​ 132 ​ 146 ​ Additions related to recent acquisitions ​ ​ — ​ ​ 396 ​ ​ — ​ Reductions for tax positions of prior years ​ (173) ​ (56) ​ (123) ​ Settlements ​ (8) ​ (4) ​ (17) ​ Reductions due to lapse of applicable statute of limitations ​ (53) ​ (24) ​ (18) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gross UTB Balance at December 31 ​ $ 1,113 ​ $ 1,167 ​ $ 647 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net UTB that would impact the effective tax rate at December 31 ​ $ 1,145 ​ $ 1,178 ​ $ 655 ​

Marketable Securities and Hel_2

Marketable Securities and Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Marketable Securities and Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities
Schedule of marketable securities	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) ​ December 31, 2020 ​ December 31, 2019 Corporate debt securities ​ $ 7 ​ $ — ​ Commercial paper ​ ​ 237 ​ ​ 85 ​ Certificates of deposit/time deposits ​ 31 ​ 10 ​ U.S. treasury securities ​ ​ 125 ​ ​ — ​ U.S. municipal securities ​ 4 ​ 3 ​ Current marketable securities ​ $ 404 ​ $ 98 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ U.S. municipal securities ​ $ 30 ​ $ 43 ​ Non-current marketable securities ​ $ 30 ​ $ 43 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total marketable securities ​ $ 434 ​ $ 141 ​
Schedule of marketable securities by contractual maturity	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) December 31, 2020 Due in one year or less ​ $ 404 ​ Due after one year through five years ​ 15 ​ Due after five years through ten years ​ 15 ​ Total marketable securities ​ $ 434 ​

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term_2

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings
Schedule of Long-Term Debt	​ Long-Term Debt ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) ​ Currency/ ​ Effective ​ Final ​ Carrying Value Description / 2020 Principal Amount ​ Fixed vs. Floating ​ Interest Rate ​ Maturity Date ​ 2020 ​ 2019 Third lien senior secured notes subject to in-substance defeasance (repaid in 2020) USD Fixed — % 2020 ​ $ — ​ $ 463 ​ Medium-term note (repaid in 2020) EUR Floating — % 2020 ​ — ​ 726 ​ Medium-term note (repaid in 2020) USD Floating — % 2020 ​ — ​ 299 ​ Medium-term note (repaid in 2020) USD Floating — % 2020 ​ — ​ 200 ​ Medium-term note (repaid in 2020) USD Fixed — % 2020 ​ — ​ 599 ​ Medium-term note (repaid in 2020) USD Fixed — % 2020 ​ — ​ 199 ​ Medium-term note (repaid in 2020) USD Floating — % 2020 ​ — ​ 204 ​ Eurobond (300 million euros) EUR Floating (0.28) % 2021 ​ 374 ​ 346 ​ Eurobond (300 million euros) EUR Fixed 1.97 % 2021 ​ 367 ​ 334 ​ Medium-term note (500 million euros) EUR Fixed 0.45 % 2022 ​ 612 ​ 557 ​ Medium-term note ($600 million) USD Fixed 2.17 % 2022 ​ 598 ​ 597 ​ Medium-term note ($450 million) USD Fixed 2.76 % 2022 ​ 449 ​ 449 ​ Medium-term note (600 million euros) EUR Fixed 1.14 % 2023 ​ 731 ​ 665 ​ Medium-term note ($650 million) USD Fixed 2.26 % 2023 ​ 649 ​ 648 ​ Registered note ($500 million) USD Fixed 1.86 % 2023 ​ 498 ​ 497 ​ Medium-term note ($300 million) USD Floating 0.52 % 2024 ​ 299 ​ 299 ​ Medium-term note ($300 million) USD Fixed 3.30 % 2024 ​ 299 ​ 299 ​ Medium-term note ($500 million) USD Fixed 2.98 % 2024 ​ 502 ​ 503 ​ Medium-term note ($550 million) USD Fixed 3.04 % 2025 ​ 548 ​ 547 ​ Registered note ($750 million) USD Fixed 2.12 % 2025 ​ 744 ​ 743 ​ Registered note ($500 million) USD Fixed 2.67 % 2025 ​ 498 ​ — ​ Medium-term note (750 million euros) EUR Fixed 1.66 % 2026 ​ 908 ​ 826 ​ Medium-term note ($650 million) USD Fixed 2.37 % 2026 ​ 644 ​ 643 ​ Medium-term note ($850 million) USD Fixed 2.95 % 2027 ​ 843 ​ 842 ​ 30-year debenture ($220 million) USD Fixed 6.44 % 2028 ​ 225 ​ 226 ​ Medium-term note ($600 million) USD Fixed 3.62 % 2028 ​ 598 ​ 597 ​ Medium-term note ($800 million) USD Fixed 3.38 % 2029 ​ 796 ​ 796 ​ Registered note ($1 billion) USD Fixed 2.50 % 2029 ​ 986 ​ 984 ​ Medium-term note (500 million euros) EUR Fixed 1.90 % 2030 ​ 604 ​ 549 ​ Registered note ($600 million) USD Fixed 3.09 % 2030 ​ 595 ​ — ​ Medium-term note (500 million euros) EUR Fixed 1.54 % 2031 ​ 608 ​ 554 ​ 30-year bond ($555 million) USD Fixed 5.73 % 2037 ​ 551 ​ 551 ​ Floating rate note ($96 million) USD Floating — % 2041 ​ 96 ​ 96 ​ Medium-term note ($325 million) USD Fixed 4.05 % 2044 ​ 315 ​ 314 ​ Floating rate note ($55 million) USD Floating — % 2044 ​ 53 ​ 53 ​ Medium-term note ($500 million) USD Fixed 3.37 % 2046 ​ 476 ​ 475 ​ Medium-term note ($500 million) USD Fixed 3.68 % 2047 ​ 492 ​ 492 ​ Medium-term note ($650 million) USD Fixed 4.07 % 2048 ​ 637 ​ 637 ​ Medium-term note ($500 million) USD Fixed 3.78 % 2048 ​ 505 ​ 506 ​ Registered note ($1 billion) USD Fixed 3.37 % 2049 ​ 969 ​ 968 ​ Registered note ($650 million) USD Fixed 3.72 % 2050 ​ 642 ​ — ​ Other borrowings Various 0.01 % 2021-2040 ​ 72 ​ 76 ​ Total long-term debt ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 18,783 ​ $ 19,359 ​ Less: current portion of long-term debt ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 794 ​ 1,841 ​ Long-term debt (excluding current portion) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 17,989 ​ $ 17,518 ​
Schedule of Post-Swap Borrowing (Long-Term Debt, Including Current Portion)	Post-Swap Borrowing (Long-Term Debt, Including Current Portion) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2019 ​ Carrying Effective Carrying Effective (Millions) ​ Value ​ Interest Rate ​ Value ​ Interest Rate Fixed-rate debt ​ $ 17,889 2.80 % $ 17,061 3.01 % Floating-rate debt ​ 894 0.06 % 2,298 1.06 % Total long-term debt, including current portion ​ $ 18,783 ​ ​ ​ $ 19,359 ​ ​ ​
Schedule of Short-Term Borrowings and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt	Short-Term Borrowings and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Effective ​ Carrying Value (Millions) Interest Rate 2020 2019 Current portion of long-term debt 0.78 % $ 794 ​ $ 1,841 ​ U.S. dollar commercial paper — % — ​ 150 ​ Japan subsidiary credit facility ​ — % ​ — ​ 632 ​ German subsidiary credit facility ​ — % ​ — ​ 168 ​ Other borrowings 4.83 % 12 ​ 4 ​ Total short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt ​ ​ ​ $ 806 ​ $ 2,795 ​
Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt	Future Maturities of Long-term Debt ​ Maturities of long-term debt in the table below reflect the impact of put provisions associated with certain debt instruments and are net of the unaccreted debt issue costs such that total maturities equal the carrying value of long-term debt as of December 31, 2020. The maturities of long-term debt for the periods subsequent to December 31, 2020 are as follows (in millions): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ After ​ ​ 2021 ​ 2022 ​ 2023 ​ 2024 ​ 2025 ​ 2025 ​ Total $ 794 ​ $ 1,659 ​ $ 1,878 ​ $ 1,100 ​ $ 1,790 ​ $ 11,562 ​ $ 18,783 ​

Pension and Postretirement Be_2

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pension Benefits ​ Postretirement ​ ​ United States ​ International ​ Benefits (Millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 Change in benefit obligation ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Benefit obligation at beginning of year ​ $ 17,935 ​ $ 15,948 ​ $ 7,931 ​ $ 6,965 ​ $ 2,242 ​ $ 2,175 ​ Acquisitions/Transfers ​ — ​ — ​ 1 ​ 9 ​ — ​ — ​ Service cost ​ 261 ​ 251 ​ 152 ​ 131 ​ 43 ​ 43 ​ Interest cost ​ 499 ​ 620 ​ 117 ​ 156 ​ 62 ​ 82 ​ Participant contributions ​ — ​ — ​ 9 ​ 7 ​ — ​ — ​ Foreign exchange rate changes ​ — ​ — ​ 427 ​ 55 ​ (14) ​ — ​ Plan amendments ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 3 ​ — ​ (171) ​ Actuarial (gain) loss ​ 1,785 ​ 2,209 ​ 464 ​ 906 ​ 176 ​ 225 ​ Benefit payments ​ (1,104) ​ (1,128) ​ (274) ​ (302) ​ (107) ​ (112) ​ Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other ​ — ​ 35 ​ (57) ​ 1 ​ ​ (5) ​ — ​ Benefit obligation at end of year ​ $ 19,376 ​ $ 17,935 ​ $ 8,770 ​ $ 7,931 ​ $ 2,397 ​ $ 2,242 ​ Change in plan assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year ​ $ 16,099 ​ $ 14,803 ​ $ 6,923 ​ $ 6,170 ​ $ 1,338 ​ $ 1,260 ​ Acquisitions/Transfers ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 4 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Actual return on plan assets ​ 2,071 ​ 2,323 ​ 1,102 ​ 858 ​ 147 ​ 187 ​ Company contributions ​ 61 ​ 101 ​ 92 ​ 106 ​ 3 ​ 3 ​ Participant contributions ​ — ​ — ​ 9 ​ 7 ​ — ​ — ​ Foreign exchange rate changes ​ — ​ — ​ 376 ​ 80 ​ — ​ — ​ Benefit payments ​ (1,104) ​ (1,128) ​ (274) ​ (302) ​ (107) ​ (112) ​ Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other ​ — ​ — ​ (34) ​ — ​ (5) ​ — ​ Fair value of plan assets at end of year ​ $ 17,127 ​ $ 16,099 ​ $ 8,194 ​ $ 6,923 ​ $ 1,376 ​ $ 1,338 ​ Funded status at end of year ​ $ (2,249) ​ $ (1,836) ​ $ (576) ​ $ (1,008) ​ $ (1,021) ​ $ (904) ​
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pension Benefits ​ Postretirement ​ ​ United States ​ International ​ Benefits (Millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of Dec. 31, ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Non-current assets ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 630 ​ $ 230 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ Accrued benefit cost ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current liabilities ​ (52) ​ (48) ​ (15) ​ (15) ​ (4) ​ (4) ​ Non-current liabilities ​ (2,197) ​ (1,788) ​ (1,191) ​ (1,223) ​ (1,017) ​ (900) ​ Ending balance ​ $ (2,249) ​ $ (1,836) ​ $ (576) ​ $ (1,008) ​ $ (1,021) ​ $ (904) ​
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pension Benefits ​ Postretirement ​ ​ United States ​ International ​ Benefits (Millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income as of Dec. 31, ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net transition obligation (asset) ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 9 ​ $ 10 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ Net actuarial loss (gain) ​ ​ 6,080 ​ ​ 5,899 ​ ​ 1,557 ​ ​ 1,967 ​ ​ 713 ​ ​ 663 ​ Prior service cost (credit) ​ (104) ​ (128) ​ (2) ​ (5) ​ (230) ​ (262) ​ Ending balance ​ $ 5,976 ​ $ 5,771 ​ $ 1,564 ​ $ 1,972 ​ $ 483 ​ $ 401 ​
Amounts relating to pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets	The following amounts relate to pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets as of December 31: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Plans ​ ​ United States ​ International (Millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019 Projected benefit obligation ​ $ 19,376 ​ $ 17,935 ​ $ 3,385 ​ $ 2,986 ​ Accumulated benefit obligation ​ 18,441 ​ 17,125 ​ 3,119 ​ 2,752 ​ Fair value of plan assets ​ 17,127 ​ 16,099 ​ 2,199 ​ 1,778 ​ ​
Components of net periodic benefit cost (benefit)	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pension Benefits ​ Postretirement ​ ​ United States ​ International ​ Benefits (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating expense ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Service cost ​ ​ $ 261 ​ $ 251 ​ $ 288 ​ $ 152 ​ $ 131 ​ $ 143 ​ $ 43 ​ $ 43 ​ $ 52 ​ Non-operating expense ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interest cost ​ ​ 499 ​ 620 ​ 563 ​ 117 ​ 156 ​ 157 ​ 62 ​ 82 ​ 79 ​ Expected return on plan assets ​ ​ (1,019) ​ (1,040) ​ (1,087) ​ (306) ​ (299) ​ (307) ​ (79) ​ (81) ​ (84) ​ Amortization of transition asset ​ ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 2 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ Amortization of prior service benefit ​ ​ (24) ​ (24) ​ (23) ​ (5) ​ (12) ​ (13) ​ (33) ​ (33) ​ (40) ​ Amortization of net actuarial loss ​ ​ ​ 536 ​ ​ 366 ​ ​ 503 ​ ​ 131 ​ ​ 78 ​ ​ 114 ​ ​ 49 ​ ​ 34 ​ ​ 61 ​ Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other ​ ​ 16 ​ 70 ​ — ​ 1 ​ 10 ​ 4 ​ 3 ​ 5 ​ — ​ Total non-operating expense (benefit) ​ ​ ​ 8 ​ ​ (8) ​ ​ (44) ​ ​ (60) ​ ​ (67) ​ ​ (45) ​ ​ 2 ​ ​ 7 ​ ​ 16 ​ Total net periodic benefit cost (benefit) ​ ​ $ 269 ​ $ 243 ​ $ 244 ​ $ 92 ​ $ 64 ​ $ 98 ​ $ 45 ​ $ 50 ​ $ 68 ​ Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amortization of transition asset ​ ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ (2) ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ Prior service cost (benefit) ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 3 ​ ​ 7 ​ ​ — ​ ​ (171) ​ ​ — ​ Amortization of prior service benefit ​ ​ 24 ​ 24 ​ 23 ​ 5 ​ 12 ​ 13 ​ 33 ​ 33 ​ 40 ​ Net actuarial (gain) loss ​ ​ 733 ​ 926 ​ (44) ​ (358) ​ 344 ​ 194 ​ 108 ​ 119 ​ (127) ​ Amortization of net actuarial loss ​ ​ (536) ​ (366) ​ (503) ​ (131) ​ (78) ​ (114) ​ (49) ​ (34) ​ (61) ​ Foreign currency ​ ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 79 ​ 7 ​ (83) ​ (7) ​ (1) ​ (2) ​ Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other ​ ​ ​ (16) ​ ​ (35) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (1) ​ ​ (8) ​ ​ (4) ​ ​ (3) ​ ​ (5) ​ ​ — ​ Total recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss ​ ​ $ 205 ​ $ 549 ​ $ (524) ​ $ (408) ​ $ 280 ​ $ 13 ​ $ 82 ​ $ (59) ​ $ (150) ​ Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost (benefit) and other comprehensive (income) loss ​ ​ $ 474 ​ $ 792 ​ $ (280) ​ $ (316) ​ $ 344 ​ $ 111 ​ $ 127 ​ $ (9) ​ $ (82) ​
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations and net cost	Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits ​ Postretirement ​ ​ United States ​ International ​ Benefits ​ 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Discount rate 2.55 % 3.25 % 4.36 % 1.38 % 1.81 % 2.50 % 2.50 % 3.27 % 4.41 % Compensation rate increase 3.21 % 3.21 % 4.10 % 2.88 % 2.88 % 2.89 % N/A ​ N/A ​ N/A ​ ​ Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net cost for years ended December 31 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits ​ Postretirement ​ ​ United States ​ International ​ Benefits ​ 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Discount rate - service cost 3.41 % 4.44 % 3.78 % 1.61 % 2.39 % 2.27 % 3.45 % 4.53 % 3.86 % Discount rate - interest cost ​ 2.87 % 4.02 % 3.35 % 1.61 % 2.26 % 2.14 % 3.00 % 4.15 % 3.52 % Expected return on assets 6.75 % 7.00 % 7.25 % 4.70 % 4.90 % 5.02 % 6.32 % 6.43 % 6.53 % Compensation rate increase 3.21 % 4.10 % 4.10 % 2.88 % 2.89 % 2.89 % N/A ​ N/A ​ N/A ​
Estimated future pension and postretirement benefit payments	Future Pension and Postretirement Benefit Payments ​ The following table provides the estimated pension and postretirement benefit payments that are payable from the plans to participants. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qualified and Non-qualified ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pension Benefits ​ Postretirement (Millions) United States International Benefits 2021 Benefit Payments ​ $ 1,127 ​ $ 263 ​ $ 127 ​ 2022 Benefit Payments ​ 1,134 ​ 276 ​ 133 ​ 2023 Benefit Payments ​ 1,135 ​ 292 ​ 140 ​ 2024 Benefit Payments ​ 1,134 ​ 311 ​ 145 ​ 2025 Benefit Payments ​ 1,139 ​ 319 ​ 152 ​ Next five years ​ 5,619 ​ 1,752 ​ 792 ​
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | United States
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Fair values of the assets held by the plans by asset category	The fair values of the assets held by the U.S. pension plans by asset class are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as ​ Fair Value at (Millions) ​ Level 1 ​ Level 2 ​ Level 3 ​ Dec. 31, Asset Class 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 Equities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ U.S. equities ​ $ 2,082 ​ $ 1,575 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 2,082 ​ $ 1,575 ​ Non-U.S. equities ​ 2,041 ​ 1,585 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 2,041 ​ 1,585 ​ Index and long/short equity funds* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 433 ​ 417 ​ Total Equities ​ $ 4,123 ​ $ 3,160 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 4,556 ​ $ 3,577 ​ Fixed Income ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ U.S. government securities ​ $ 1,301 ​ $ 2,346 ​ $ 978 ​ $ 916 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 2,279 ​ $ 3,262 ​ Non-U.S. government securities ​ — ​ — ​ 71 ​ 61 ​ — ​ — ​ 71 ​ 61 ​ Preferred and convertible securities ​ — ​ — ​ 55 ​ 52 ​ — ​ — ​ 55 ​ 52 ​ U.S. corporate bonds ​ 10 ​ 10 ​ 4,501 ​ 3,566 ​ — ​ — ​ 4,511 ​ 3,576 ​ Non-U.S. corporate bonds ​ — ​ — ​ 820 ​ 759 ​ — ​ — ​ 820 ​ 759 ​ Derivative instruments ​ (4) ​ (5) ​ 7 ​ 109 ​ — ​ — ​ 3 ​ 104 ​ Other* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 71 ​ — ​ Total Fixed Income ​ $ 1,307 ​ $ 2,351 ​ $ 6,432 ​ $ 5,463 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 7,810 ​ $ 7,814 ​ Private Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Growth equity ​ $ 70 ​ $ 80 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 70 ​ $ 80 ​ Partnership investments* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,801 ​ 1,865 ​ Total Private Equity ​ $ 70 ​ $ 80 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 1,871 ​ $ 1,945 ​ Absolute Return ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fixed income and other ​ $ — ​ $ 1 ​ $ 134 ​ $ 117 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 134 ​ $ 118 ​ Hedge fund/fund of funds* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,046 ​ 2,010 ​ Partnership investments* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 567 ​ 589 ​ Total Absolute Return ​ $ — ​ $ 1 ​ $ 134 ​ $ 117 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 2,747 ​ $ 2,717 ​ Cash and Cash Equivalents ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash and cash equivalents ​ $ 25 ​ $ 20 ​ $ 12 ​ $ 5 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 37 ​ $ 25 ​ Repurchase agreements and derivative margin activity ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ (6) ​ ​ (1) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ (6) ​ ​ (1) ​ Cash and cash equivalents, valued at net asset value* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 475 ​ 480 ​ Total Cash and Cash Equivalents ​ $ 25 ​ $ 20 ​ $ 6 ​ $ 4 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 506 ​ $ 504 ​ Total ​ $ 5,525 ​ $ 5,612 ​ $ 6,572 ​ $ 5,584 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 17,490 ​ $ 16,557 ​ Other items to reconcile to fair value of plan assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (363) ​ $ (458) ​ Fair value of plan assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 17,127 ​ $ 16,099 ​
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | International
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Fair values of the assets held by the plans by asset category	​ The fair values of the assets held by the international pension plans by asset class are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as ​ Fair Value at (Millions) ​ Level 1 ​ Level 2 ​ Level 3 ​ Dec. 31, Asset Class 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 Equities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Growth equities ​ $ 547 ​ $ 638 ​ $ 209 ​ $ 796 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 756 ​ $ 1,434 ​ Value equities ​ 659 ​ 696 ​ 396 ​ 10 ​ — ​ — ​ 1,055 ​ 706 ​ Core equities ​ 46 ​ 61 ​ 99 ​ 88 ​ 4 ​ 5 ​ 149 ​ 154 ​ Equities, valued at net asset value* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 74 ​ ​ 18 ​ Total Equities ​ $ 1,252 ​ $ 1,395 ​ $ 704 ​ $ 894 ​ $ 4 ​ $ 5 ​ $ 2,034 ​ $ 2,312 ​ Fixed Income ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Domestic government ​ $ 71 ​ $ 353 ​ $ 1,045 ​ $ 433 ​ $ 5 ​ $ 4 ​ $ 1,121 ​ $ 790 ​ Foreign government ​ 33 ​ 22 ​ 476 ​ 603 ​ — ​ — ​ 509 ​ 625 ​ Corporate debt securities ​ 34 ​ 3 ​ 2,470 ​ 1,599 ​ 11 ​ 9 ​ 2,515 ​ 1,611 ​ Fixed income securities, valued at net asset value* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 563 ​ ​ 449 ​ Total Fixed Income ​ $ 138 ​ $ 378 ​ $ 3,991 ​ $ 2,635 ​ $ 16 ​ $ 13 ​ $ 4,708 ​ $ 3,475 ​ Private Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Real estate ​ $ 128 ​ $ 6 ​ $ 86 ​ $ 207 ​ $ 5 ​ $ 4 ​ $ 219 ​ $ 217 ​ Real estate, valued at net asset value* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 92 ​ 36 ​ Partnership investments* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 116 ​ 85 ​ Total Private Equity ​ $ 128 ​ $ 6 ​ $ 86 ​ $ 207 ​ $ 5 ​ $ 4 ​ $ 427 ​ $ 338 ​ Absolute Return ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivatives ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 1 ​ $ 3 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 1 ​ $ 3 ​ Insurance ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 555 ​ ​ 513 ​ ​ 555 ​ ​ 513 ​ Other ​ ​ 8 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 6 ​ ​ 5 ​ ​ 14 ​ ​ 5 ​ Other, valued at net asset value* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1 ​ 1 ​ Hedge funds* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 410 ​ 195 ​ Total Absolute Return ​ $ 8 ​ $ — ​ $ 1 ​ $ 3 ​ $ 561 ​ $ 518 ​ $ 981 ​ $ 717 ​ Cash and Cash Equivalents ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash and cash equivalents ​ $ 149 ​ $ 94 ​ $ 51 ​ $ 39 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 200 ​ $ 133 ​ Cash and cash equivalents, valued at net asset value* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1 ​ 1 ​ Total Cash and Cash Equivalents ​ $ 149 ​ $ 94 ​ $ 51 ​ $ 39 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 201 ​ $ 134 ​ Total ​ $ 1,675 ​ $ 1,873 ​ $ 4,833 ​ $ 3,778 ​ $ 586 ​ $ 540 ​ $ 8,351 ​ $ 6,976 ​ Other items to reconcile to fair value of plan assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (157) ​ $ (53) ​ Fair value of plan assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 8,194 ​ $ 6,923 ​
Postretirement Benefits
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Fair values of the assets held by the plans by asset category	The fair values of the assets held by the postretirement benefit plans by asset class are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as ​ Fair Value at (Millions) ​ Level 1 ​ Level 2 ​ Level 3 ​ Dec. 31, Asset Class 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 Equities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ U.S. equities ​ $ 347 ​ $ 337 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 347 ​ $ 337 ​ Non-U.S. equities ​ 103 ​ 77 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 103 ​ 77 ​ Index and long/short equity funds* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 31 ​ 33 ​ Total Equities ​ $ 450 ​ $ 414 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 481 ​ $ 447 ​ Fixed Income ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ U.S. government securities ​ $ 95 ​ $ 136 ​ $ 214 ​ $ 242 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 309 ​ $ 378 ​ Non-U.S. government securities ​ — ​ — ​ 6 ​ 6 ​ — ​ — ​ 6 ​ 6 ​ U.S. corporate bonds ​ 1 ​ — ​ 267 ​ 203 ​ — ​ — ​ 268 ​ 203 ​ Non-U.S. corporate bonds ​ — ​ — ​ 52 ​ 46 ​ — ​ — ​ 52 ​ 46 ​ Derivative instruments ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 5 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 5 ​ Other* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3 ​ — ​ Total Fixed Income ​ $ 96 ​ $ 136 ​ $ 539 ​ $ 502 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 638 ​ $ 638 ​ Private Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Growth equity ​ $ 3 ​ $ 4 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 3 ​ $ 4 ​ Partnership investments* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 95 ​ 92 ​ Total Private Equity ​ $ 3 ​ $ 4 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 98 ​ $ 96 ​ Absolute Return ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fixed income and other ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 7 ​ $ 5 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 7 ​ $ 5 ​ Hedge fund/fund of funds* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100 ​ 92 ​ Partnership investments* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 28 ​ 27 ​ Total Absolute Return ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 7 ​ $ 5 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 135 ​ $ 124 ​ Cash and Cash Equivalents ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash and cash equivalents ​ $ 25 ​ $ 33 ​ $ 1 ​ $ 1 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 26 ​ $ 34 ​ Cash and cash equivalents, valued at net asset value* ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 23 ​ 22 ​ Total Cash and Cash Equivalents ​ $ 25 ​ $ 33 ​ $ 1 ​ $ 1 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 49 ​ $ 56 ​ Total ​ $ 574 ​ $ 587 ​ $ 547 ​ $ 508 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 1,401 ​ $ 1,361 ​ Other items to reconcile to fair value of plan assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (25) ​ $ (23) ​ Fair value of plan assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 1,376 ​ $ 1,338 ​

Derivatives (Tables)

Derivatives (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Derivatives
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments dedesignated as hedges	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pretax Gain (Loss) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Recognized in Other ​ Pretax Gain (Loss) Reclassified ​ ​ Comprehensive ​ from Accumulated Other ​ ​ Income on Derivative ​ Comprehensive Income into Income Year ended December 31, 2020 (Millions) Amount Location Amount Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ $ (111) Cost of sales ​ $ 80 ​ Interest rate contracts ​ (2) Interest expense ​ (9) ​ Total ​ $ (113) ​ ​ ​ $ 71 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, 2019 (Millions) Amount Location Amount Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ $ 96 Cost of sales ​ $ 74 ​ Interest rate contracts ​ (122) Interest expense ​ (4) ​ Total ​ $ (26) ​ ​ ​ $ 70 ​
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pretax Gain (Loss) ​ Income on Effective Portion of ​ Ineffective Portion of Gain ​ ​ Recognized in Other ​ Derivative as a Result of ​ (Loss) on Derivative and ​ ​ Comprehensive ​ Reclassification from ​ Amount Excluded from ​ ​ Income on Effective ​ Accumulated Other ​ Effectiveness Testing ​ ​ Portion of Derivative ​ Comprehensive Income ​ Recognized in Income Year ended December 31, 2018 (Millions) Amount Location Amount Location Amount Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ $ 151 Cost of sales ​ $ (95) Cost of sales ​ $ — ​ Interest rate swap contracts ​ (18) Interest expense ​ (1) Interest expense ​ — ​ Total ​ $ 133 ​ ​ ​ $ (96) ​ ​ ​ $ — ​ ​
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gain (Loss) on Derivative ​ Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item ​ ​ Recognized in Income ​ Recognized in Income Year ended December 31, 2018 (Millions) Location Amount Location Amount Interest rate swap contracts Interest expense ​ $ (5) Interest expense ​ $ 5 ​ Total ​ ​ ​ $ (5) ​ ​ ​ $ 5 ​ ​ The following amounts were recorded on the consolidated balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging ​ ​ Carrying Value of the ​ Adjustment Included in the Carrying Value ​ ​ Hedged Liabilities (in millions) ​ of the Hedged Liabilities (in millions) Location on the Consolidated Balance Sheet December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt $ 373 ​ $ 499 $ 5 ​ $ — ​ Long-term debt ​ ​ 225 ​ ​ 775 ​ ​ 6 ​ ​ 22 ​ Total ​ $ 598 ​ $ 1,274 ​ $ 11 ​ $ 22 ​ ​
Gain (loss) on derivative and non-derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pretax Gain (Loss) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Recognized as ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cumulative Translation ​ Amount of Gain (Loss) Excluded ​ ​ within Other ​ from Effectiveness Testing ​ ​ Comprehensive Income ​ Recognized in Income Year ended December 31, 2020 (Millions) Amount Location Amount Foreign currency denominated debt ​ $ (351) Cost of sales ​ $ — ​ Foreign currency forward contracts ​ (1) Cost of sales ​ 5 ​ Total ​ $ (352) ​ ​ ​ $ 5 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, 2019 (Millions) Amount Location Amount Foreign currency denominated debt ​ $ 108 Cost of sales ​ $ — ​ Foreign currency forward contracts ​ ​ 32 ​ Cost of sales ​ ​ 20 ​ Total ​ $ 140 ​ ​ ​ $ 20 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pretax Gain (Loss) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Recognized as ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cumulative Translation ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ within Other ​ Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on ​ ​ Comprehensive Income ​ Instrument and Amount Excluded ​ ​ on Effective Portion of ​ from Effectiveness Testing ​ ​ Instrument ​ Recognized in Income Year ended December 31, 2018 (Millions) Amount Location Amount Foreign currency denominated debt ​ $ 222 Cost of sales ​ $ (2) ​ Foreign currency forward contracts ​ ​ 18 ​ Cost of sales ​ ​ 4 ​ Total ​ $ 240 ​ ​ ​ $ 2 ​
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments	The location in the consolidated statements of income and amounts of gains and losses related to derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2020 ​ ​ 2019 ​ ​ 2018 ​ (Millions) ​ Location ​ ​ Amount ​ ​ Amount ​ ​ Amount ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ Cost of sales ​ $ 2 ​ $ 2 ​ $ 13 ​ Foreign currency forward contracts ​ Interest expense ​ 43 ​ (13) ​ (109) ​ Total ​ ​ ​ $ 45 ​ $ (11) ​ $ (96) ​
Location in consolidated statement of income and pre-tax amounts recognized in income related to derivative instruments designated in cash flow or fair value hedging relationship	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, 2020 ​ (Millions) ​ ​ Cost of sales ​ Other expense ​ Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statement of income in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded ​ ​ $ 16,605 ​ $ 450 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The effects of cash flow and fair value hedging: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income ​ ​ $ 80 ​ $ — ​ Interest rate contracts: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ (9) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interest rate contracts: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hedged items ​ ​ $ — ​ $ 4 ​ Derivatives designated as hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ (4) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, 2019 ​ (Millions) ​ ​ Cost of sales ​ Other expense ​ Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statement of income in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded ​ ​ $ 17,136 ​ $ 462 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The effects of cash flow and fair value hedging: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income ​ ​ $ 74 ​ $ — ​ Interest rate contracts: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ (4) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interest rate contracts: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hedged items ​ ​ $ — ​ $ (8) ​ Derivatives designated as hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ 8 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Location and Fair Value of Derivative Instruments	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gross Assets Liabilities ​ ​ Notional ​ ​ ​ Fair ​ ​ ​ Fair December 31, 2020 (Millions) ​ Amount ​ Location ​ Value Amount ​ Location ​ Value Amount Derivatives designated as ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ $ 1,630 Other current assets ​ $ 14 Other current liabilities ​ $ 67 ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ 669 Other assets ​ 10 Other liabilities ​ 25 ​ Interest rate contracts ​ 403 Other current assets ​ 7 Other current liabilities ​ — ​ Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 31 ​ ​ ​ $ 92 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivatives not designated as ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ $ 3,166 Other current assets ​ $ 13 Other current liabilities ​ $ 14 ​ Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 13 ​ ​ ​ $ 14 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total derivative instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 44 ​ ​ ​ $ 106 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gross Assets Liabilities ​ ​ Notional ​ ​ ​ Fair ​ ​ ​ Fair December 31, 2019 (Millions) ​ Amount ​ Location ​ Value Amount ​ Location ​ Value Amount Derivatives designated as ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ $ 1,995 Other current assets ​ $ 64 Other current liabilities ​ $ 9 ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ ​ 1,041 ​ Other assets ​ ​ 50 ​ Other liabilities ​ ​ 3 ​ Interest rate contracts ​ 500 Other current assets ​ — Other current liabilities ​ — ​ Interest rate contracts ​ 603 Other assets ​ 17 Other liabilities ​ — ​ Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 131 ​ ​ ​ $ 12 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivatives not designated as ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ $ 2,684 Other current assets ​ $ 11 Other current liabilities ​ $ 8 ​ Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 11 ​ ​ ​ $ 8 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total derivative instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 142 ​ ​ ​ $ 20 ​
Offsetting Assets	Offsetting of Financial Assets under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gross Amounts not Offset in the ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject ​ ​ ​ ​ Gross Amount of ​ to Master Netting Agreements ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivative Assets ​ Gross Amount of ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Presented in the ​ Eligible Offsetting ​ Cash ​ ​ ​ ​ Consolidated ​ Recognized ​ Collateral ​ Net Amount of December 31, 2020 (Millions) ​ Balance Sheet ​ Derivative Liabilities ​ Received ​ Derivative Assets Derivatives subject to master netting agreements ​ $ 44 ​ $ 11 ​ $ — ​ $ 33 ​ Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ Total ​ $ 44 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 33 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2019 (Millions) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivatives subject to master netting agreements ​ $ 142 ​ $ 14 ​ $ — ​ $ 128 ​ Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ Total ​ $ 142 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 128 ​
Offsetting Liabilities	Offsetting of Financial Liabilities under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gross Amounts not Offset in the ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject ​ ​ ​ ​ Gross Amount of ​ to Master Netting Agreements ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivative Liabilities ​ Gross Amount of ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Presented in the ​ Eligible Offsetting ​ Cash ​ Net Amount of ​ ​ Consolidated ​ Recognized ​ Collateral ​ Derivative December 31, 2020 (Millions) ​ Balance Sheet ​ Derivative Assets ​ Pledged ​ Liabilities Derivatives subject to master netting agreements ​ $ 106 ​ $ 11 ​ $ — ​ $ 95 ​ Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ Total ​ $ 106 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 95 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2019 (Millions) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivatives subject to master netting agreements ​ $ 20 ​ $ 14 ​ $ — ​ $ 6 ​ Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ Total ​ $ 20 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 6 ​

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fair Value Measurements Description ​ Fair Value at ​ Using Inputs Considered as (Millions) December 31, 2020 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Available-for-sale: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Marketable securities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Corporate debt securities ​ $ 7 ​ $ — ​ $ 7 ​ $ — ​ Commercial paper ​ ​ 237 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 237 ​ ​ — ​ Certificates of deposit/time deposits ​ 31 ​ — ​ 31 ​ — ​ U.S. treasury securities ​ 125 ​ 125 ​ — ​ — ​ U.S. municipal securities ​ 34 ​ — ​ — ​ 34 ​ Derivative instruments — assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ 37 ​ — ​ 37 ​ — ​ Interest rate contracts ​ 7 ​ — ​ 7 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivative instruments — liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ 106 ​ — ​ 106 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fair Value Measurements Description ​ Fair Value at ​ Using Inputs Considered as (Millions) December 31, 2019 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Available-for-sale: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Marketable securities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Commercial paper ​ $ 85 ​ $ — ​ $ 85 ​ $ — ​ Certificates of deposit/time deposits ​ 10 ​ — ​ 10 ​ — ​ U.S. municipal securities ​ 46 ​ — ​ — ​ 46 ​ Investments ​ ​ 25 ​ ​ 25 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Derivative instruments — assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ 125 ​ — ​ 125 ​ — ​ Interest rate contracts ​ 17 ​ — ​ 17 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Derivative instruments — liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency forward/option contracts ​ 20 ​ — ​ 20 ​ — ​
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Marketable securities — certain U.S. municipal securities only ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions) ​ 2020 ​ 2019 ​ 2018 Beginning balance ​ ​ $ 46 ​ $ 40 ​ $ 30 ​ Total gains or losses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Included in earnings ​ ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ Included in other comprehensive income ​ ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ Purchases and issuances ​ ​ 10 ​ 9 ​ 13 ​ Sales and settlements ​ ​ (22) ​ (3) ​ (3) ​ Transfers in and/or out of level 3 ​ ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ Ending balance ​ ​ 34 ​ 46 ​ 40 ​ Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for securities held at the end of the reporting period ​ ​ — ​ — ​ — ​
Fair Value of Financial Instruments by Balance Sheet Grouping	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2020 ​ December 31, 2019 ​ Carrying Fair Carrying Fair (Millions) ​ Value ​ Value ​ Value ​ Value Long-term debt, excluding current portion ​ $ 17,989 ​ $ 20,496 ​ $ 17,518 ​ $ 18,475 ​

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases
Schedule of components of lease expense	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, (Millions) ​ 2020 ​ 2019 Operating lease cost ​ $ 348 ​ $ 308 Finance lease cost: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amortization of assets ​ ​ 21 ​ ​ 20 Interest on lease liabilities ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ 2 Variable lease cost ​ ​ 101 ​ ​ 93 Total net lease cost ​ $ 471 ​ $ 423
Schedule of supplemental balance sheet information	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Location on Face of ​ As of December 31, (Millions unless noted) ​ Balance Sheet ​ 2020 ​ 2019 Operating leases: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating lease right of use assets ​ Operating lease right ​ $ 864 ​ $ 858 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current operating lease liabilities ​ Operating lease liabilities - current ​ $ 256 ​ $ 247 ​ Noncurrent operating lease liabilities ​ Operating lease liabilities ​ ​ 609 ​ ​ 607 ​ Total operating lease liabilities ​ ​ ​ $ 865 ​ $ 854 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Finance leases: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Property and equipment, at cost ​ Property, plant and equipment ​ $ 225 ​ $ 239 ​ Accumulated amortization ​ Property, plant and equipment (accumulated depreciation) ​ ​ (106) ​ ​ (102) ​ Property and equipment, net ​ ​ ​ $ 119 ​ $ 137 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current obligations of finance leases ​ Other current ​ $ 22 ​ $ 21 ​ Finance leases, net of current obligations ​ Other liabilities ​ ​ 93 ​ ​ 111 ​ Total finance lease liabilities ​ ​ ​ $ 115 ​ $ 132 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted average remaining lease term (in years): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating leases ​ ​ ​ ​ 5.6 ​ ​ 5.7 ​ Finance leases ​ ​ ​ ​ 7.6 ​ ​ 9.0 ​ Weighted average discount rate: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating leases ​ ​ ​ ​ 2.4 % ​ 3.2 % Finance leases ​ ​ ​ ​ 3.5 % ​ 3.8 %
Schedule of supplemental cash flow and other information	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year Ended December 31, (Millions) ​ 2020 ​ 2019 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating cash flows from operating leases ​ $ 326 ​ $ 309 Operating cash flows from finance leases ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ 2 Financing cash flows from finance leases ​ ​ 58 ​ ​ 18 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating leases ​ ​ 250 ​ ​ 326 Finance leases ​ ​ 18 ​ ​ 61
Schedule of maturities of operating lease liabilities	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2020 ​ (Millions) ​ Finance Leases ​ Operating Leases ​ 2021 ​ $ 20 ​ $ 273 ​ 2022 ​ ​ 18 ​ ​ 201 ​ 2023 ​ ​ 18 ​ ​ 141 ​ 2024 ​ ​ 16 ​ ​ 93 ​ 2025 ​ ​ 10 ​ ​ 60 ​ After 2025 ​ ​ 41 ​ ​ 162 ​ Total ​ $ 123 ​ $ 930 ​ Less: Amounts representing interest ​ ​ 8 ​ ​ 65 ​ Present value of future minimum lease ​ ​ 115 ​ ​ 865 ​ Less: Current obligations ​ ​ 22 ​ ​ 256 ​ Long-term obligations ​ $ 93 ​ $ 609 ​
Schedule of maturities of finance lease liabilities	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2020 ​ (Millions) ​ Finance Leases ​ Operating Leases ​ 2021 ​ $ 20 ​ $ 273 ​ 2022 ​ ​ 18 ​ ​ 201 ​ 2023 ​ ​ 18 ​ ​ 141 ​ 2024 ​ ​ 16 ​ ​ 93 ​ 2025 ​ ​ 10 ​ ​ 60 ​ After 2025 ​ ​ 41 ​ ​ 162 ​ Total ​ $ 123 ​ $ 930 ​ Less: Amounts representing interest ​ ​ 8 ​ ​ 65 ​ Present value of future minimum lease ​ ​ 115 ​ ​ 865 ​ Less: Current obligations ​ ​ 22 ​ ​ 256 ​ Long-term obligations ​ $ 93 ​ $ 609 ​

Stock-Based Compensation (Table

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation Expense	Stock-Based Compensation Expense ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31 (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 Cost of sales ​ $ 50 ​ $ 47 ​ $ 48 ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ 169 ​ 185 ​ 207 ​ Research, development and related expenses ​ 43 ​ 46 ​ 47 ​ Stock-based compensation expenses ​ $ 262 ​ $ 278 ​ $ 302 ​ Income tax benefits ​ ​ (82) ​ ​ (141) ​ ​ (154) ​ Stock-based compensation expenses (benefits), net of tax ​ $ 180 ​ $ 137 ​ $ 148 ​
Stock Option Activity	Stock Option Program ​ The following table summarizes stock option activity for the years ended December 31: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2019 ​ 2018 ​ ​ Weighted ​ Weighted ​ Weighted ​ Number of ​ Average ​ Number of ​ Average ​ Number of ​ Average (Options in thousands) Options ​ Exercise Price ​ Options ​ Exercise Price ​ Options ​ Exercise Price Under option — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ January 1 ​ 33,675 ​ $ 151.15 34,569 ​ $ 138.98 34,965 ​ $ 125.73 ​ Granted ​ 4,777 ​ 157.25 3,434 ​ 200.80 3,211 ​ 233.19 ​ Exercised ​ (2,759) ​ 93.23 (4,193) ​ 89.89 (3,482) ​ 91.01 ​ Forfeited ​ (292) ​ 181.33 (135) ​ 201.27 (125) ​ 188.00 ​ December 31 ​ 35,401 ​ $ 156.23 33,675 ​ $ 151.15 34,569 ​ $ 138.98 ​ Options exercisable ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31 ​ 27,537 ​ $ 149.67 26,487 ​ $ 136.75 26,117 ​ $ 121.98 ​
Stock Option Assumptions	Stock Option Assumptions ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Annual ​ ​ 2020 2019 2018 Exercise price ​ $ 157.24 ​ $ 201.12 ​ $ 233.63 ​ Risk-free interest rate ​ 1.5 % 2.6 % 2.7 % Dividend yield ​ 2.7 % 2.5 % 2.4 % Expected volatility ​ 19.7 % 20.4 % 21.0 % Expected life (months) ​ 78 ​ 79 ​ 78 ​ Black-Scholes fair value ​ $ 21.58 ​ $ 34.19 ​ $ 41.59 ​
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Activity	Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units ​ The following table summarizes restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity for the years ended December 31: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2019 ​ 2018 ​ Weighted Weighted Weighted ​ ​ ​ ​ Average ​ ​ ​ Average ​ ​ ​ Average ​ ​ Number of ​ Grant Date ​ Number of ​ Grant Date ​ Number of ​ Grant Date (Shares in thousands) ​ Shares ​ Fair Value ​ Shares ​ Fair Value ​ Shares ​ Fair Value Nonvested balance — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of January 1 1,573 ​ $ 201.11 1,789 ​ $ 180.02 1,994 ​ $ 162.60 ​ Granted ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Annual 733 ​ 157.29 564 ​ 200.41 467 ​ 233.61 ​ Other 45 ​ 159.49 15 ​ 180.08 8 ​ 207.76 ​ Vested (570) ​ 176.20 (732) ​ 149.33 (640) ​ 164.83 ​ Forfeited (59) ​ 196.31 (63) ​ 192.52 (40) ​ 186.48 ​ As of December 31 1,722 ​ $ 189.78 1,573 ​ $ 201.11 1,789 ​ $ 180.02 ​
Performance Shares Activity	The following table summarizes performance share activity for the years ended December 31: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2019 ​ 2018 ​ Weighted Weighted Weighted ​ ​ ​ ​ Average ​ ​ ​ Average ​ ​ ​ Average ​ ​ Number of ​ Grant Date ​ Number of ​ Grant Date ​ Number of ​ Grant Date (Shares in thousands) ​ Shares ​ Fair Value ​ Shares ​ Fair Value ​ Shares ​ Fair Value Undistributed balance — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of January 1 444 ​ $ 205.58 562 ​ $ 188.96 686 ​ $ 171.90 ​ Granted 203 ​ 153.16 166 ​ 207.49 166 ​ 229.13 ​ Distributed (206) ​ 190.84 (210) ​ 162.16 (206) ​ 159.82 ​ Performance change 25 ​ 166.49 (48) ​ 204.73 (56) ​ 198.39 ​ Forfeited (43) ​ 172.92 (26) ​ 209.96 (28) ​ 204.09 ​ As of December 31 423 ​ $ 188.61 444 ​ $ 205.58 562 ​ $ 188.96 ​

Business Segments and Geograp_2

Business Segments and Geographic Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Business Segments and Geographic Information
Business Segment Information	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, Net Sales (Millions) 2020 2019 2018 Safety and Industrial ​ $ 11,767 ​ $ 11,514 ​ $ 12,414 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ 8,827 ​ 9,591 ​ 10,104 ​ Health Care ​ 8,345 ​ 7,431 ​ 6,821 ​ Consumer ​ 5,336 ​ 5,151 ​ 5,127 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ (1) ​ 110 ​ 50 ​ Elimination of Dual Credit ​ (2,090) ​ (1,661) ​ (1,751) ​ Total Company ​ $ 32,184 ​ $ 32,136 ​ $ 32,765 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating Performance (Millions) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Safety and Industrial ​ $ 3,054 ​ $ 2,510 ​ $ 2,860 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ 1,927 ​ 2,221 ​ 2,643 ​ Health Care ​ 1,828 ​ 1,858 ​ 1,918 ​ Consumer ​ 1,249 ​ 1,124 ​ 1,084 ​ Elimination of Dual Credit ​ (534) ​ (409) ​ (436) ​ Total business segment operating income ​ $ 7,524 ​ $ 7,304 ​ $ 8,069 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Special items: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Significant litigation-related (charges)/benefits ​ $ (17) ​ $ (762) ​ $ (897) ​ Gain/(loss) on sale of businesses ​ ​ 389 ​ ​ 114 ​ ​ 547 ​ Divestiture-related restructuring actions ​ ​ (55) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (127) ​ Other corporate expense - net ​ (680) ​ (482) ​ (385) ​ Total Corporate and Unallocated ​ ​ (363) ​ ​ (1,130) ​ ​ (862) ​ Total Company operating income ​ $ 7,161 ​ $ 6,174 ​ $ 7,207 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other expense/(income), net ​ ​ 450 ​ ​ 462 ​ ​ 207 ​ Income before income taxes ​ $ 6,711 ​ $ 5,712 ​ $ 7,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Assets Depreciation & Amortization ​ Capital Expenditures (Millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 Safety and Industrial ​ $ 11,711 ​ $ 11,682 ​ $ 562 ​ $ 509 ​ $ 493 ​ $ 451 ​ $ 391 ​ $ 375 ​ Transportation and Electronics ​ 6,997 ​ 6,871 ​ 429 ​ 401 ​ 390 ​ 454 ​ 390 ​ 339 ​ Health Care ​ 14,531 ​ 14,790 ​ 626 ​ 392 ​ 262 ​ 251 ​ 264 ​ 245 ​ Consumer ​ 2,567 ​ 2,428 ​ 140 ​ 134 ​ 126 ​ 120 ​ 130 ​ 115 ​ Corporate and Unallocated ​ 11,538 ​ 8,888 ​ 154 ​ 157 ​ 217 ​ 225 ​ 524 ​ 503 ​ Total Company ​ $ 47,344 ​ $ 44,659 ​ $ 1,911 ​ $ 1,593 ​ $ 1,488 ​ $ 1,501 ​ $ 1,699 ​ $ 1,577 ​
Geographic Information	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Property, Plant and ​ ​ Equipment - net (Millions) 2020 2019 Americas ​ $ 5,752 ​ $ 5,873 ​ Asia Pacific ​ 1,662 ​ 1,637 ​ Europe, Middle East and Africa ​ 2,007 ​ 1,823 ​ Total Company ​ $ 9,421 ​ $ 9,333 ​

Quarterly Data (Unaudited) (Tab

Quarterly Data (Unaudited) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Quarterly Data (Unaudited)
Schedule of Quarterly Financial Information	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions, except per-share amounts) First Second Third Fourth Year 2020 ​ Quarter ​ Quarter ​ Quarter ​ Quarter ​ 2020 Net sales ​ $ 8,075 ​ $ 7,176 ​ $ 8,350 ​ $ 8,583 ​ $ 32,184 ​ Cost of sales ​ 4,109 ​ 3,805 ​ 4,303 ​ 4,388 ​ 16,605 ​ Net income including noncontrolling interest ​ 1,294 ​ 1,287 ​ 1,417 ​ 1,390 ​ 5,388 ​ Net income attributable to 3M ​ 1,292 ​ 1,290 ​ 1,413 ​ 1,389 ​ 5,384 ​ Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - basic ​ 2.24 ​ 2.24 ​ 2.45 ​ 2.40 ​ 9.32 ​ Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - diluted ​ 2.22 ​ 2.22 ​ 2.43 ​ 2.38 ​ 9.25 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Millions, except per-share amounts) First Second Third Fourth Year 2019 ​ Quarter ​ Quarter ​ Quarter ​ Quarter ​ 2019 Net sales ​ $ 7,863 ​ $ 8,171 ​ $ 7,991 ​ $ 8,111 ​ $ 32,136 ​ Cost of sales ​ 4,310 ​ 4,313 ​ 4,188 ​ 4,325 ​ 17,136 ​ Net income including noncontrolling interest ​ 893 ​ 1,131 ​ 1,588 ​ 970 ​ 4,582 ​ Net income attributable to 3M ​ 891 ​ 1,127 ​ 1,583 ​ 969 ​ 4,570 ​ Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - basic ​ 1.54 ​ 1.95 ​ 2.75 ​ 1.68 ​ 7.92 ​ Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - diluted ​ 1.51 ​ 1.92 ​ 2.72 ​ 1.66 ​ 7.81 ​ ​

Significant Accounting Polici_4

Significant Accounting Policies - Foreign Currency Translation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Foreign Currency
Loss on deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary			$ 162
Foreign currency transaction loss		$ 21	$ (201)
Venezuela
Foreign Currency
Loss on deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary	$ 162
Foreign currency transaction loss	$ 144

Significant Accounting Polici_5

Significant Accounting Policies - PP&E (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Buildings and improvements | Maximum
Property, plant and equipment
Estimated useful life	40 years
Majority of estimated useful life	40 years
Buildings and improvements | Minimum
Property, plant and equipment
Estimated useful life	10 years
Majority of estimated useful life	20 years
Machinery and equipment | Maximum
Property, plant and equipment
Estimated useful life	15 years
Majority of estimated useful life	10 years
Machinery and equipment | Minimum
Property, plant and equipment
Estimated useful life	3 years
Majority of estimated useful life	5 years

Significant Accounting Polici_6

Significant Accounting Policies - Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Asset retirement obligation
Asset retirement obligation liability	$ 145	$ 137

Significant Accounting Polici_7

Significant Accounting Policies - Acquired intangibles (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Customer related intangible assets
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
Intangible assets useful life (in years)		18 years
Other technology-based intangible assets
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
Intangible assets useful life (in years)		10 years
Definite-lived tradenames
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
Intangible assets useful life (in years)		16 years
Minimum
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	4 years	6 years
Minimum | Customer related intangible assets
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	10 years
Minimum | Patents
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	7 years
Minimum | Other technology-based intangible assets
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	4 years
Minimum | Definite-lived tradenames
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	6 years
Minimum | Other amortizable intangible assets
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	5 years
Maximum
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	20 years	19 years
Maximum | Customer related intangible assets
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	20 years
Maximum | Patents
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	20 years
Maximum | Other technology-based intangible assets
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	20 years
Maximum | Definite-lived tradenames
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	20 years
Maximum | Other amortizable intangible assets
Finite Lived Intangible Assets
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	8 years

Significant Accounting Polici_8

Significant Accounting Policies - Practical expedients (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Exemptions and Practical Expedients Applied or Elected
Practical Expedient, unfulfilled performance obligation	True
Practical Expedient, relative to costs of obtaining a contract	true
Practical Expedient, relative to estimation of variable consideration	true
Practical Expedient, relative to required remaining performance obligations disclosure	true

Significant Accounting Polici_9

Significant Accounting Policies - Accounts receivable and Allowances (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Accounts receivable and allowance
Typical origination term for long-term customer receivables	5 years

Significant Accounting Polic_10

Significant Accounting Policies - Advertising and Merchandising Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Advertising and merchandising expense
Advertising and merchandising expense	$ 278	$ 348	$ 396

Significant Accounting Polic_11

Significant Accounting Policies - Research and Development Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Research and Development Expense
Research, development and related expenses	$ 1,878	$ 1,911	$ 1,821
Research and development expense	$ 1,146	$ 1,253	$ 1,253

Significant Accounting Polic_12

Significant Accounting Policies - Internal-use Software (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Minimum
Capitalized internal-use software amortization period (in years)	3 years
Maximum
Capitalized internal-use software amortization period (in years)	7 years

Significant Accounting Polic_13

Significant Accounting Policies - Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance	$ 135	$ 158

Significant Accounting Polic_14

Significant Accounting Policies - Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Earnings per share
Options outstanding not included in computation of diluted earnings per share (in shares)									18.1	8.9	2.9
Numerator:
Net income attributable to 3M	$ 1,389	$ 1,413	$ 1,290	$ 1,292	$ 969	$ 1,583	$ 1,127	$ 891	$ 5,384	$ 4,570	$ 5,349
Denominator:
Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)									577.6	577	588.5
Dilution associated with the Company's stock-based compensation plans (in shares)									4.6	8.1	13.5
Denominator for weighted average 3M common shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)									582.2	585.1	602
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - basic (in dollars per share)	$ 2.40	$ 2.45	$ 2.24	$ 2.24	$ 1.68	$ 2.75	$ 1.95	$ 1.54	$ 9.32	$ 7.92	$ 9.09
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 2.38	$ 2.43	$ 2.22	$ 2.22	$ 1.66	$ 2.72	$ 1.92	$ 1.51	$ 9.25	$ 7.81	$ 8.89

Significant Accounting Polic_15

Significant Accounting Policies - Leases (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020approach
Leases
Operating leases, existence of option to extend	true
Finance leases, existence of option to extend	true
Minimum
Leases
Number of options to renew for operating leases	1
Number of options to renew for finance leases	1
Maximum
Leases
Operating lease, term	5 years
Finance lease, term	5 years

Significant Accounting Polic_16

Significant Accounting Policies - New Accounting Pronouncements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Stockholders' equity	$ 12,867	$ 10,063
Lease assets	864	858
Lease liabilities	865	854
Total equity	12,931	10,126	$ 9,848	$ 11,622
ASU 2016-02 Leases | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Total equity			14
Retained Earnings
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Total equity	43,761	42,135	40,636	39,115
Retained Earnings | ASU 2018-02 Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Total equity			853
Retained Earnings | ASU 2016-02 Leases | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Total equity			14
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Total equity	$ (7,661)	$ (8,139)	(6,866)	$ (7,026)
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ASU 2018-02 Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Total equity			$ (853)

Revenue (Details)

Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Contract Balance
Software license contracts term	1 year	1 year
Deferred revenue	$ 498	$ 430
Operating Lease Revenue	$ 586
ASU 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Contract Balance
Deferred income recognized as revenue		$ 410	$ 600

Revenue - Disaggregated Revenue

Revenue - Disaggregated Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales	$ 8,583	$ 8,350	$ 7,176	$ 8,075	$ 8,111	$ 7,991	$ 8,171	$ 7,863	$ 32,184	$ 32,136	$ 32,765
Corporate and Unallocated
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									(1)	110	50
Elimination of Dual Credit
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									(2,090)	(1,661)	(1,751)
Americas
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									16,525	16,124	15,864
Americas | Corporate and Unallocated
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									(1)	109	51
Americas | Elimination of Dual Credit
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									(1,000)	(735)	(745)
Asia Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									9,569	9,796	10,254
Asia Pacific | Elimination of Dual Credit
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									(750)	(711)	(768)
Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									6,109	6,226	6,654
Europe, Middle East and Africa | Corporate and Unallocated
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales										1
Europe, Middle East and Africa | Elimination of Dual Credit
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									(340)	(215)	(238)
Other Unallocated
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									(19)	(10)	(7)
Other Unallocated | Corporate and Unallocated
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales											(1)
United States
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									13,900	13,200	12,800
China/Hong Kong
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									3,500	3,300	3,600
Safety and Industrial
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									11,767	11,514	12,414
Safety and Industrial | Americas
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									6,177	6,008	6,345
Safety and Industrial | Asia Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									2,805	2,844	3,076
Safety and Industrial | Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									2,791	2,666	2,996
Safety and Industrial | Other Unallocated
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									(6)	(4)	(3)
Safety and Industrial | Abrasives
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									1,180	1,387	1,512
Safety and Industrial | Automotive Aftermarket
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									1,102	1,229	1,356
Safety and Industrial | Closure and Masking Systems
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									993	1,111	1,224
Safety and Industrial | Communication Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales											175
Safety and Industrial | Electrical Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									1,121	1,200	1,244
Safety and Industrial | Industrial Adhesives and Tapes
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									2,562	2,689	2,841
Safety and Industrial | Personal Safety
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									4,433	3,504	3,601
Safety and Industrial | Roofing Granules
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									390	366	353
Safety and Industrial | Other Safety and Industrial
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									(14)	28	108
Transportation and Electronics
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									8,827	9,591	10,104
Transportation and Electronics | Americas
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									2,455	2,901	3,015
Transportation and Electronics | Asia Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									5,097	5,221	5,513
Transportation and Electronics | Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									1,282	1,472	1,577
Transportation and Electronics | Other Unallocated
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									(7)	(3)	(1)
Transportation and Electronics | Advanced Materials
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									1,036	1,245	1,236
Transportation and Electronics | Automotive and Aerospace
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									1,612	1,913	2,074
Transportation and Electronics | Commercial Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									1,529	1,785	1,863
Transportation and Electronics | Electronics
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									3,767	3,711	3,971
Transportation and Electronics | Transportation Safety
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									890	943	951
Transportation and Electronics | Other Transportation and Electronics
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									(7)	(6)	9
Health Care
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									8,345	7,431	6,821
Health Care | Americas
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									5,062	4,200	3,636
Health Care | Asia Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									1,478	1,490	1,453
Health Care | Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									1,809	1,743	1,733
Health Care | Other Unallocated
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									(4)	(2)	(1)
Health Care | Drug Delivery
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									146	372	407
Health Care | Food Safety
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									342	341	328
Health Care | Health Information Systems
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									1,140	1,177	837
Health Care | Medical Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									4,787	3,439	3,073
Health Care | Oral Care
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									1,076	1,321	1,353
Health Care | Separation and Purification Sciences
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									853	791	817
Health Care | Other Health Care
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									1	(10)	6
Consumer
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									5,336	5,151	5,127
Consumer | Americas
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									3,832	3,641	3,562
Consumer | Asia Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									939	952	980
Consumer | Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									567	559	586
Consumer | Other Unallocated
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									(2)	(1)	(1)
Consumer | Consumer Health Care
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									366	379	389
Consumer | Home Care
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									1,066	991	1,013
Consumer | Home Improvement
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									2,527	2,297	2,216
Consumer | Stationery and Office
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									1,223	1,378	1,399
Consumer | Other Consumer
Disaggregation of Revenue
Net Sales									$ 154	$ 106	$ 110

Acquisitions and Divestitures -

Acquisitions and Divestitures - Acquisitions (Details)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)item
Business Acquisitions Information
Accounts receivable		$ 370,000,000		$ 370,000,000
Inventory		186,000,000		186,000,000
Other current assets		67,000,000		67,000,000
Property, plant and equipment		155,000,000		155,000,000
Purchased finite-lived intangible assets		4,081,000,000		4,081,000,000
Purchased goodwill		3,469,000,000	$ 0	3,469,000,000
Other assets		131,000,000		131,000,000
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(565,000,000)		(565,000,000)
Interest bearing debt		(2,573,000,000)		(2,573,000,000)
Deferred tax asset/(liability) and accrued income taxes		(312,000,000)		(312,000,000)
Net assets acquired		5,009,000,000		5,009,000,000
Supplemental information:
Cash paid				5,194,000,000
Less: Cash acquired				210,000,000
Cash paid, net of cash acquired			25,000,000	4,984,000,000	$ (13,000,000)
Consideration payable		25,000,000		25,000,000
Net assets acquired		5,009,000,000		5,009,000,000
Net sales			32,184,000,000	32,136,000,000	32,765,000,000
Operating loss			$ (7,161,000,000)	(6,174,000,000)	$ (7,207,000,000)
Number of business combinations completed			0		0
Customer related intangible assets
Business Acquisitions Information
Purchased finite-lived intangible assets		2,035,000,000		$ 2,035,000,000
Intangible assets useful life (in years)				18 years
Other technology-based intangible assets
Business Acquisitions Information
Purchased finite-lived intangible assets		1,550,000,000		$ 1,550,000,000
Intangible assets useful life (in years)				10 years
Definite-lived tradenames
Business Acquisitions Information
Purchased finite-lived intangible assets		496,000,000		$ 496,000,000
Intangible assets useful life (in years)				16 years
Maximum
Business Acquisitions Information
Intangible assets useful life (in years)			20 years	19 years
Maximum | Customer related intangible assets
Business Acquisitions Information
Intangible assets useful life (in years)			20 years
Maximum | Patents
Business Acquisitions Information
Intangible assets useful life (in years)			20 years
Maximum | Other technology-based intangible assets
Business Acquisitions Information
Intangible assets useful life (in years)			20 years
Maximum | Definite-lived tradenames
Business Acquisitions Information
Intangible assets useful life (in years)			20 years
Maximum | Other amortizable intangible assets
Business Acquisitions Information
Intangible assets useful life (in years)			8 years
Minimum
Business Acquisitions Information
Intangible assets useful life (in years)			4 years	6 years
Minimum | Customer related intangible assets
Business Acquisitions Information
Intangible assets useful life (in years)			10 years
Minimum | Patents
Business Acquisitions Information
Intangible assets useful life (in years)			7 years
Minimum | Other technology-based intangible assets
Business Acquisitions Information
Intangible assets useful life (in years)			4 years
Minimum | Definite-lived tradenames
Business Acquisitions Information
Intangible assets useful life (in years)			6 years
Minimum | Other amortizable intangible assets
Business Acquisitions Information
Intangible assets useful life (in years)			5 years
Weighted average
Business Acquisitions Information
Intangible assets useful life (in years)				14 years
M*Modal
Business Acquisitions Information
Accounts receivable		75,000,000		$ 75,000,000
Other current assets		2,000,000		2,000,000
Property, plant and equipment		8,000,000		8,000,000
Purchased goodwill		517,000,000		517,000,000
Other assets		58,000,000		58,000,000
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(127,000,000)		(127,000,000)
Interest bearing debt		(251,000,000)		(251,000,000)
Deferred tax asset/(liability) and accrued income taxes		(24,000,000)		(24,000,000)
Net assets acquired		704,000,000		704,000,000
Supplemental information:
Cash paid	$ 700,000,000			708,000,000
Less: Cash acquired				4,000,000
Cash paid, net of cash acquired				704,000,000
Net assets acquired		704,000,000		704,000,000
Assumed debt	$ 300,000,000
Net sales				300,000,000
Operating loss				25,000,000
M*Modal | Customer related intangible assets
Business Acquisitions Information
Purchased finite-lived intangible assets		275,000,000		275,000,000
M*Modal | Other technology-based intangible assets
Business Acquisitions Information
Purchased finite-lived intangible assets		160,000,000		160,000,000
M*Modal | Definite-lived tradenames
Business Acquisitions Information
Purchased finite-lived intangible assets		11,000,000		11,000,000
Acelity Inc. and its KCI subsidiaries
Business Acquisitions Information
Accounts receivable		295,000,000		295,000,000
Inventory		186,000,000		186,000,000
Other current assets		65,000,000		65,000,000
Property, plant and equipment		147,000,000		147,000,000
Purchased goodwill		2,952,000,000		2,952,000,000
Other assets		73,000,000		73,000,000
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(438,000,000)		(438,000,000)
Interest bearing debt		(2,322,000,000)		(2,322,000,000)
Deferred tax asset/(liability) and accrued income taxes		(288,000,000)		(288,000,000)
Net assets acquired		4,305,000,000		4,305,000,000
Supplemental information:
Cash paid				4,486,000,000
Less: Cash acquired				206,000,000
Cash paid, net of cash acquired				4,280,000,000
Consideration payable		25,000,000		25,000,000
Net assets acquired		4,305,000,000		4,305,000,000
Adjustments to purchase price allocation			$ 34,000,000
Net sales		350,000,000
Operating loss		45,000,000
Acelity Inc. and its KCI subsidiaries | Customer related intangible assets
Business Acquisitions Information
Purchased finite-lived intangible assets		1,760,000,000		1,760,000,000
Acelity Inc. and its KCI subsidiaries | Other technology-based intangible assets
Business Acquisitions Information
Purchased finite-lived intangible assets		1,390,000,000		1,390,000,000
Acelity Inc. and its KCI subsidiaries | Definite-lived tradenames
Business Acquisitions Information
Purchased finite-lived intangible assets		$ 485,000,000		$ 485,000,000

Acquisitions and Divestitures_2

Acquisitions and Divestitures - Divestitures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended							3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Aug. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	May 31, 2018	Feb. 28, 2018	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Divestiture Information
Proceeds from sale of businesses									$ 576	$ 236	$ 846
Noncontrolling interest in the new company									64	63
Aggregate net after tax gain on sale								$ 303		129
Disposal Group, Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Divestiture Information
Disposal - Inventory										70
Disposal - Property, plant and equipment										150
Disposal - Intangible assets										35
Disposal - Goodwill										30
Aggregate operating income of divested businesses									$ 40	$ 40	$ 85
Communication Markets Division | Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Divestiture Information
Annual sales of divested business					$ 400
Proceeds from sale of businesses					772
Pre-tax gain on sale				$ 15	$ 494
Personal Safety Product Offerings | Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Divestiture Information
Annual sales of divested business							$ 15
Personal Safety Product Offerings | Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations | Maximum
Divestiture Information
Pre-tax gain on sale							$ 20
Abrasives glass products business | Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Divestiture Information
Annual sales of divested business						$ 10
Abrasives glass products business | Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations | Maximum
Divestiture Information
Pre-tax gain on sale						$ 15
Gas and flame detection business | Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Divestiture Information
Annual sales of divested business			$ 120
Drug delivery business | Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Divestiture Information
Annual sales of divested business	$ 380
Aggregate selling price relative to the divestiture transaction	617
Proceeds from sale of businesses	487
Interest-bearing security received in divestiture	70
Pre-tax gain on sale	387
Noncontrolling interest in the new company	$ 60
Noncontrolling interest in new company (as a percent)	17.00%
Advanced ballistic protection business | Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Divestiture Information
Annual sales of divested business		$ 85
Proceeds from divested businesses		86
Maximum contingent considerations depending on outcome of pending tenders		$ 25
Safety and Industrial | Gas and flame detection business | Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Divestiture Information
Pre-tax gain on sale			$ 112

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_2

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Goodwill balance by business segment (Details)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)item
Goodwill Information
Number of business combinations completed			0		0
Purchased goodwill from acquisitions	$ 0		$ 0	$ 3,469,000,000
Goodwill acquired during the period which is deductible for tax purposes				0
Goodwill
Balance at the beginning of the period		$ 13,444,000,000	13,444,000,000	10,051,000,000
Acquisition activity			(34,000,000)	3,469,000,000
Divestiture activity			(29,000,000)	(49,000,000)
Translation and other			421,000,000	(27,000,000)
Balance at the end of the period	13,802,000,000		13,802,000,000	13,444,000,000	$ 10,051,000,000
Amount of Goodwill impairment	0	0		0	0
Safety and Industrial
Goodwill
Balance at the beginning of the period		4,621,000,000	4,621,000,000	4,716,000,000
Divestiture activity				(49,000,000)
Translation and other			66,000,000	(46,000,000)
Balance at the end of the period	4,687,000,000		4,687,000,000	4,621,000,000	4,716,000,000
Transportation and Electronics
Goodwill
Balance at the beginning of the period		1,830,000,000	1,830,000,000	1,857,000,000
Divestiture activity			(10,000,000)
Translation and other			38,000,000	(27,000,000)
Balance at the end of the period	1,858,000,000		1,858,000,000	1,830,000,000	1,857,000,000
Health Care
Goodwill
Balance at the beginning of the period		6,739,000,000	6,739,000,000	3,248,000,000
Acquisition activity			(34,000,000)	3,469,000,000
Divestiture activity			(19,000,000)
Translation and other			306,000,000	22,000,000
Balance at the end of the period	6,992,000,000		6,992,000,000	6,739,000,000	3,248,000,000
Consumer
Goodwill
Balance at the beginning of the period		$ 254,000,000	254,000,000	230,000,000
Translation and other			11,000,000	24,000,000
Balance at the end of the period	$ 265,000,000		$ 265,000,000	$ 254,000,000	$ 230,000,000

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_3

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Acquired Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Acquired intangible assets disclosures
Total gross carrying amount	$ 8,213	$ 8,261
Total accumulated amortization	(3,036)	(2,520)
Total finite-lived intangible assets - net	5,177	5,741
Non-amortizable intangible assets (primarily tradenames)	658	638
Total intangible assets - net	$ 5,835	6,379
Indefinite lived tradenames years in existence	60 years
Customer related intangible assets
Acquired intangible assets disclosures
Total gross carrying amount	$ 4,280	4,316
Total accumulated amortization	(1,422)	(1,180)
Patents
Acquired intangible assets disclosures
Total gross carrying amount	537	538
Total accumulated amortization	(512)	(499)
Other technology-based intangible assets
Acquired intangible assets disclosures
Total gross carrying amount	2,114	2,124
Total accumulated amortization	(638)	(435)
Definite-lived tradenames
Acquired intangible assets disclosures
Total gross carrying amount	1,178	1,158
Total accumulated amortization	(385)	(316)
Other amortizable intangible assets
Acquired intangible assets disclosures
Total gross carrying amount	104	125
Total accumulated amortization	$ (79)	$ (90)

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_4

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedules for Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Amortization expense for acquired intangible assets	$ 537	$ 341	$ 249
Expected amortization expense for acquired intangible assets recorded as of balance sheet date
2021	528
2022	515
2023	488
2024	459
2025	428
After 2025	$ 2,759

Restructuring Actions (Details)

Restructuring Actions (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended		15 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)person	Jun. 30, 2020USD ($)person	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)person	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)person	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)person	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021USD ($)person
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		$ 46
2020 Restructuring Actions | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring and related cost, number of positions affected | person	2,100
Restructuring charges	$ 137
2020 Restructuring Actions | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring | Minimum
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Pre-tax charge related to exit activities									$ 250
2020 Restructuring Actions | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring | Maximum
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Pre-tax charge related to exit activities									$ 300
2020 Restructuring Actions | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring | Forecast
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring and related cost, number of positions affected | person									2,900
2020 Restructuring Actions | Drug delivery business
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring and related cost, number of positions affected | person		1,300
Restructuring charges		$ 55
2020 Restructuring Actions | Employee-Related | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	101
2020 Restructuring Actions | Asset-Related and Other | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	36
2020 Restructuring Actions | Cost of sales | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	51
2020 Restructuring Actions | Cost of sales | Drug delivery business
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		42
2020 Restructuring Actions | Selling, general and administrative expenses | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	79
2020 Restructuring Actions | Selling, general and administrative expenses | Drug delivery business
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		12
2020 Restructuring Actions | Research, development and related expenses | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	7
2020 Restructuring Actions | Research, development and related expenses | Drug delivery business
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		$ 1
2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring and related cost, number of positions affected | person		400
Restructuring charges		$ 58
2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring | Employee-Related
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		35
2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring | Asset-Related and Other
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		23
2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring | Cost of sales
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		13
2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring | Selling, general and administrative expenses
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		37
2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring | Research, development and related expenses
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		8
2019 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring and related cost, number of positions affected | person			1,500	2,000
Restructuring charges			$ 134	$ 148			$ 246
Total income before income taxes impact							282
2019 Restructuring Actions | Employee-Related
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							206
2019 Restructuring Actions | Asset-Related
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							40
2019 Restructuring Actions | Cost of sales
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							72
2019 Restructuring Actions | Selling, general and administrative expenses
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							137
2019 Restructuring Actions | Research, development and related expenses
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							37
2019 Restructuring Actions | Other expense (income), net
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							36
2018 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring and related cost, number of positions affected | person						1,200
Restructuring charges					$ 22	$ 105		$ 137
Adjustments for reductions in cost estimates					$ 10
2018 Restructuring Actions | Cost of sales
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges								27
2018 Restructuring Actions | Selling, general and administrative expenses
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges								105
2018 Restructuring Actions | Research, development and related expenses
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges								$ 5
Corporate and Unallocated | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	29
Corporate and Unallocated | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Employee-Related | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	16
Corporate and Unallocated | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Asset-Related and Other | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	13
Corporate and Unallocated | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		23
Corporate and Unallocated | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring | Asset-Related and Other
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		23
Corporate and Unallocated | 2019 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							140
Corporate and Unallocated | 2019 Restructuring Actions | Employee-Related
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							100
Corporate and Unallocated | 2019 Restructuring Actions | Asset-Related
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							40
Safety and Industrial | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	43
Safety and Industrial | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Employee-Related | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	36
Safety and Industrial | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Asset-Related and Other | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	7
Safety and Industrial | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		7
Safety and Industrial | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring | Employee-Related
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		7
Safety and Industrial | 2019 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							50
Safety and Industrial | 2019 Restructuring Actions | Employee-Related
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							50
Transportation and Electronics | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	28
Transportation and Electronics | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Employee-Related | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	16
Transportation and Electronics | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Asset-Related and Other | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	12
Transportation and Electronics | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		11
Transportation and Electronics | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring | Employee-Related
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		11
Transportation and Electronics | 2019 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							31
Transportation and Electronics | 2019 Restructuring Actions | Employee-Related
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							31
Health Care | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	26
Health Care | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Employee-Related | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	23
Health Care | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Asset-Related and Other | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	3
Health Care | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		12
Health Care | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring | Employee-Related
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		12
Health Care | 2019 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							17
Health Care | 2019 Restructuring Actions | Employee-Related
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							17
Consumer | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	11
Consumer | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Employee-Related | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	10
Consumer | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Asset-Related and Other | Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges	$ 1
Consumer | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		5
Consumer | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring | Employee-Related
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges		$ 5
Consumer | 2019 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							8
Consumer | 2019 Restructuring Actions | Employee-Related
Restructuring Cost and Reserve
Restructuring charges							$ 8

Restructuring Actions - Roll Fo

Restructuring Actions - Roll Forward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring
Restructuring Reserve Roll Forward
Restructuring actions balances, Beginning Balance		$ 58
Non-cash changes		(23)
Cash Payments		(2)
Restructuring Reserve, Accrual Adjustment		(9)
Restructuring actions balances, Ending Balance	$ 24	24			$ 24
2019 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Reserve Roll Forward
Restructuring actions balances, Beginning Balance			$ 282		140
Non-cash changes			(76)
Cash Payments			(52)		(51)
Restructuring Reserve, Accrual Adjustment			(14)		(59)
Restructuring actions balances, Ending Balance	30	30	140		30	$ 140
2018 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Reserve Roll Forward
Restructuring actions balances, Beginning Balance				$ 137	3	84
Non-cash changes				(12)
Cash Payments				(24)		(76)
Restructuring Reserve, Accrual Adjustment				(17)		(5)
Restructuring actions balances, Ending Balance			3	84		3
Employee-Related | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring
Restructuring Reserve Roll Forward
Restructuring actions balances, Beginning Balance		35
Cash Payments		(2)
Restructuring Reserve, Accrual Adjustment		(9)
Restructuring actions balances, Ending Balance	24	24			24
Employee-Related | 2019 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Reserve Roll Forward
Restructuring actions balances, Beginning Balance			242		140
Non-cash changes			(36)
Cash Payments			(52)		(51)
Restructuring Reserve, Accrual Adjustment			(14)		(59)
Restructuring actions balances, Ending Balance	30	30	140		30	140
Employee-Related | 2018 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Reserve Roll Forward
Restructuring actions balances, Beginning Balance				125	3	84
Cash Payments				(24)		(76)
Restructuring Reserve, Accrual Adjustment				(17)		(5)
Restructuring actions balances, Ending Balance			3	84		$ 3
Asset-Related | 2020 Restructuring Actions | Other Restructuring
Restructuring Reserve Roll Forward
Restructuring actions balances, Beginning Balance		23
Non-cash changes		(23)
Asset-Related | 2019 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Reserve Roll Forward
Restructuring actions balances, Beginning Balance			40
Non-cash changes			$ (40)
Asset-Related | 2018 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Reserve Roll Forward
Restructuring actions balances, Beginning Balance				12
Non-cash changes				$ (12)
Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring | 2020 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Reserve Roll Forward
Expenses incurred	137
Non-cash changes	(36)
Restructuring actions balances, Ending Balance	101	101			101
Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring | Employee-Related | 2020 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Reserve Roll Forward
Expenses incurred	101
Restructuring actions balances, Ending Balance	101	101			101
Operational/Marketing Capability Restructuring | Asset-Related and Other | 2020 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Reserve Roll Forward
Expenses incurred	36
Non-cash changes	(36)
Drug delivery business | 2020 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Reserve Roll Forward
Restructuring actions balances, Beginning Balance		55
Non-cash changes		(14)
Cash Payments		(14)
Restructuring Reserve, Accrual Adjustment		(3)
Restructuring actions balances, Ending Balance	24	24			24
Drug delivery business | Employee-Related | 2020 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Reserve Roll Forward
Restructuring actions balances, Beginning Balance		32
Cash Payments		(14)
Restructuring Reserve, Accrual Adjustment		(3)
Restructuring actions balances, Ending Balance	15	15			15
Drug delivery business | Asset-Related and Other | 2020 Restructuring Actions
Restructuring Reserve Roll Forward
Restructuring actions balances, Beginning Balance		23
Non-cash changes		(14)
Restructuring actions balances, Ending Balance	$ 9	$ 9			$ 9

Supplemental Income Statement_3

Supplemental Income Statement Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Interest expense					$ 529	$ 448	$ 350
Interest income					(29)	(80)	(70)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	$ 10	$ 10
Pension and postretirement net periodic benefit cost (benefit)					(50)	(68)	(73)
Loss on deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary						162
Total					450	462	207
Funded | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | United States
Pension and postretirement net periodic benefit cost (benefit)					$ 269	243	$ 244
Pension settlement charge			$ 32			$ 35
Venezuela
Loss on deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary				$ 162

Supplemental Balance Sheet In_3

Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Other current assets
Derivative assets-current	$ 34	$ 75
Held-to-maturity debt security held in trust		470
Insurance related (receivables, prepaid expenses and other)	125	172
Other	166	174
Total other current assets	325	891
Other assets
Deferred income taxes	871	521
Prepaid pension and post retirement	630	230
Insurance related receivables and other	49	67
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	258	254
Equity method investments	134	70
Equity and other investments	80	126
Other	418	406
Total other assets	2,440	1,674
Other current liabilities
Accrued rebates	639	594
Deferred revenue	498	430
Derivative liabilities	81	17
Employee benefits and withholdings	192	229
Contingent liability claims and other	556	566
Property, sales-related and other taxes	308	247
Pension and postretirement benefits	71	67
Other	933	906
Total other current liabilities	3,278	3,056
Other liabilities
Long term income taxes payable	1,511	1,507
Employee benefits	410	312
Contingent liability claims and other	815	787
Finance lease obligations	93	111
Deferred income taxes	333	301
Other	300	257
Total other liabilities	$ 3,462	$ 3,275

Supplemental Balance Sheet In_4

Supplemental Balance Sheet Information - PP&E (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, plant and equipment - at cost
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 26,650	$ 26,124
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(17,229)	(16,791)
Property, Plant and Equipment - net	9,421	9,333
Land
Property, plant and equipment - at cost
Property and equipment, at cost	338	351
Buildings and leasehold improvements
Property, plant and equipment - at cost
Property and equipment, at cost	8,021	7,877
Machinery and equipment
Property, plant and equipment - at cost
Property and equipment, at cost	16,866	16,586
Construction in progress
Property, plant and equipment - at cost
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 1,425	$ 1,310

Supplemental Equity and Compr_3

Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information - Stock Narrative (Details) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information
Common stock, par value per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	3,000,000,000	3,000,000,000	3,000,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	944,033,056	944,033,056	944,033,056
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	10,000,000	10,000,000	10,000,000

Supplemental Equity and Compr_4

Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information - Dividends and Transfer of Ownership Interest (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Dividends declared in current period (in dollars per share)	$ 1.47	$ 1.47	$ 1.47	$ 1.47	$ 1.44	$ 1.44	$ 1.44	$ 1.44	$ 1.36	$ 1.36	$ 1.36	$ 1.36	$ 5.88	$ 5.76	$ 5.44
3M India Limited
3M's ownership (as a percent)									75.00%						75.00%

Supplemental Equity and Compr_5

Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information - AOCI rf (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 10,126	$ 9,848	$ 11,622
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Balance at the end of the period	12,931	10,126	9,848
ASU 2016-02 Leases | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period		14
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Balance at the end of the period			14
Cumulative Translation Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(1,899)	(2,098)	(1,638)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	387	102	(414)
Amounts reclassified out		142
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	387	244	(414)
Tax effect	62	(32)	(47)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	449	212	(461)
Impact from purchase of subsidiary shares			1
Balance at the end of the period	(1,450)	(1,899)	(2,098)
Cumulative Translation Adjustment | ASU 2018-02 Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period		(13)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Balance at the end of the period			(13)
Defined Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(6,209)	(4,832)	(5,276)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	(555)	(1,227)	55
Amounts reclassified out	676	459	606
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	121	(768)	661
Tax effect	50	208	(217)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	171	(560)	444
Balance at the end of the period	(6,038)	(6,209)	(4,832)
Defined Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment | ASU 2018-02 Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period		(817)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Balance at the end of the period			(817)
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(31)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	(113)	(26)
Amounts reclassified out	(71)	(70)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(184)	(96)
Tax effect	42	24
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(142)	(72)
Balance at the end of the period	(173)	(31)
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period		64	(112)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications			133
Amounts reclassified out			96
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax			229
Tax effect			(53)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax			176
Balance at the end of the period			64
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | ASU 2018-02 Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period		(23)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Balance at the end of the period			(23)
Retained Earnings
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	42,135	40,636	39,115
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Balance at the end of the period	43,761	42,135	40,636
Retained Earnings | ASU 2018-02 Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period		853
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Balance at the end of the period			853
Retained Earnings | ASU 2016-02 Leases | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period		14
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Balance at the end of the period			14
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period	(8,139)	(6,866)	(7,026)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	(281)	(1,151)	(226)
Amounts reclassified out	605	531	702
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	324	(620)	476
Tax effect	154	200	(317)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	478	(420)	159
Impact from purchase of subsidiary shares			1
Balance at the end of the period	$ (7,661)	(8,139)	(6,866)
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ASU 2018-02 Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward
Balance at the beginning of the period		$ (853)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Balance at the end of the period			$ (853)

Supplemental Equity and Compr_6

Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information - Reclass AOCI (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary			$ 162
Net of tax		$ (461)	(438)	$ (538)
Venezuela
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary	$ 162
Cumulative Translation Adjustment
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary			(142)
Total before tax			(142)
Net of tax			(142)
Defined Pension and Postretirement Plans Adjustment
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary			(2)
Transition asset		(2)
Prior service benefit		62	69	76
Net actuarial loss		(716)	(478)	(678)
Curtailments/Settlements		(20)	(48)	(4)
Total before tax		(676)	(459)	(606)
Tax effect		161	110	145
Net of tax		(515)	(349)	(461)
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Total before tax		71	70
Tax effect		(17)	(17)
Net of tax		54	53
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Foreign currency exchange contracts
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Cost of sales		80	74
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Interest rate contracts
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Interest expense		$ (9)	$ (4)
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Total before tax				(96)
Tax effect				19
Net of tax				(77)
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Foreign currency exchange contracts
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Cost of sales				(95)
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain (Loss) | Interest rate contracts
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Interest expense				$ (1)

Supplemental Cash Flow Inform_3

Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements
Cash income tax payments, net of refunds	$ 1,351	$ 1,198	$ 1,560
Cash interest payments	$ 524	$ 370	$ 314

Income Taxes - Income Before Ta

Income Taxes - Income Before Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Before Income Taxes
United States	$ 3,720	$ 3,008	$ 3,487
International	2,991	2,704	3,513
Income before income taxes	$ 6,711	$ 5,712	$ 7,000

Income Taxes - Provision for In

Income Taxes - Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Currently payable
Federal	$ 720	$ 534	$ 698
State	123	59	109
International	633	673	763
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) non-current transition tax provision			176
Deferred
Federal	(59)	(32)	(38)
State	(20)	(26)	(17)
International	(79)	(78)	(54)
Total provision for income taxes	$ 1,318	$ 1,130	$ 1,637

Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Ass

Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accruals not currently deductible
Employee benefit costs	$ 232	$ 169
Product and other claims	338	280
Miscellaneous accruals	153	119
Pension costs	849	824
Stock-based compensation	231	218
Net operating/capital loss/tax credit carryforwards	148	150
Foreign tax credits	100	66
Currency translation	90
Inventory	54	70
Other	112	113
Gross deferred tax assets	2,307	2,009
Valuation allowance	(135)	(158)
Total deferred tax assets	2,172	1,851
Deferred tax liabilities:
Product and other insurance receivables	(4)
Accelerated depreciation	(607)	(580)
Intangible amortization	(1,023)	(1,021)
Currency translation		(30)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(1,634)	(1,631)
Net deferred tax assets	$ 538	$ 220

Income Taxes - Cumulative Effec

Income Taxes - Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2020
Income Taxes.
Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, expense (benefit) recognized on a gross basis	$ 21	$ 33	$ 12
Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, accrued on a gross basis	126	102
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance	$ 135	$ 158
Effective tax rate (as a percent)	19.60%	19.80%	23.40%
Increase in effective income tax rate from prior reporting period to current reporting period (as a percent)	(0.20%)	(3.60%)
Previously undistributed earnings from non-U.S. subsidiaries permanently reinvested	$ 15,000
Reinvested earnings that may be repatriated from non-U.S. subsidiaries				$ 5,000
Undistributed earnings from non-U.S. subsidiaries permanently reinvested	$ 10,000
Statutory U.S. tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 measurement period adjustment			$ 176
Period of time over which TCJA transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries may be paid			8 years
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 transition tax in current accrued income taxes payable	$ 69	$ 33
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 transition tax long term income taxes payable	$ 584	$ 653

Income Taxes - Reconciliation o

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate
Statutory U.S. tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
State income taxes--net of federal benefit	1.20%	0.50%	1.00%
International income taxes - net	(1.20%)	0.20%	0.20%
Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (GILTI)	0.80%	1.80%	1.10%
Foreign Derived Intangible Income (FDII)	(1.80%)	(2.90%)	(1.30%)
U.S. TCJA enactment - net impacts			0.025
U.S. research and development credit	(1.00%)	(1.70%)	(1.50%)
Reserves for tax contingencies	0.50%	2.30%	1.20%
Employee share-based payments	(0.50%)	(1.30%)	(1.40%)
All other--net	0.60%	(0.10%)	0.60%
Effective worldwide tax rate (as a percent)	19.60%	19.80%	23.40%

Income Taxes - Tax Effected Ope

Income Taxes - Tax Effected Operating Loss, Capital Loss, and Tax Credit Carryovers (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)
Federal jurisdiction
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers	$ 108
Federal jurisdiction | Maximum
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers, expiration date	10 years
Federal jurisdiction | Minimum
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers, expiration date	1 year
State jurisdiction
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers	$ 84
State jurisdiction | Maximum
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers, expiration date	11 years
State jurisdiction | Minimum
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers, expiration date	1 year
International jurisdiction
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers	$ 58
International jurisdiction | Minimum
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers
Tax effected operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryovers, expiration date	1 year

Income Taxes - Reconciliation_2

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits (UTB) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Federal, State and Foreign Tax
Gross UTB Balance at January 1	$ 1,167	$ 647	$ 530
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	74	76	129
Additions for tax positions of prior years	106	132	146
Additions related to recent acquisitions		396
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(173)	(56)	(123)
Settlements	(8)	(4)	(17)
Reductions due to lapse of applicable statute of limitations	(53)	(24)	(18)
Gross UTB Balance at December 31	1,113	1,167	647
Net UTB that would impact the effective tax rate at December 31	$ 1,145	$ 1,178	$ 655

Income Taxes - Undistributed Ea

Income Taxes - Undistributed Earnings and Foreign Location Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Taxes.
Income tax benefits attributable to reduced tax rates or exemptions in foreign locations	$ 163	$ 127	$ 227
EPS impact of reduced tax rates or exemptions in foreign locations (in dollars per diluted share)	$ 0.28	$ 0.22	$ 0.38

Marketable Securities and Hel_3

Marketable Securities and Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities - Current and non-current (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Marketable Securities
Current marketable securities	$ 404	$ 98
Non-current marketable securities	30	43
Total marketable securities	434	141
Corporate debt securities
Marketable Securities
Current marketable securities	7
Commercial paper
Marketable Securities
Current marketable securities	237	85
Certificates of deposit/time deposits
Marketable Securities
Current marketable securities	31	10
U.S. treasury securities
Marketable Securities
Current marketable securities	125
U.S. municipal securities
Marketable Securities
Current marketable securities	4	3
Non-current marketable securities	$ 30	$ 43

Marketable Securities and Hel_4

Marketable Securities and Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities - Contractual maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Marketable securities by contractual maturity
Due in one year or less	$ 404
Due after one year through five years	15
Due after five years through ten years	15
Total marketable securities	$ 434	$ 141

Marketable Securities and Hel_5

Marketable Securities and Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities - Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities (Details) - USD ($)	May 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities
Held-to-maturity debt security	$ 0
Third lien senior secured notes subject to in-substance defeasance (repaid in 2020)
Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities
Held-to-maturity debt security		$ 500,000,000

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term_3

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings - Long-Term Debt (Details) € in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020EUR (€)	Mar. 31, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2019USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2019USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2004USD ($)
Long-Term Debt
Total long-term debt	$ 18,783			$ 19,359
Long-term debt (excluding current portion)	17,989			17,518
Third lien senior secured notes subject to in-substance defeasance (repaid in 2020)
Long-Term Debt
Total long-term debt				463
Floating rate Euro medium term note (repaid in 2020)
Long-Term Debt
Total long-term debt				726
Floating rate medium term note (repaid in 2020)
Long-Term Debt
Total long-term debt				299
Floating rate medium term note (repaid in 2020)
Long-Term Debt
Total long-term debt				200
Fixed rate medium term note (repaid in 2020)
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	400
Total long-term debt				599
Fixed rate medium term note (repaid in 2020)
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 600
Total long-term debt				199
Floating rate medium term note (repaid in 2020)
Long-Term Debt
Total long-term debt				204
Floating rate Eurobond due 2021
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount | €		€ 300
Interest rate - effective	(0.28%)
Total long-term debt	$ 374			346
Fixed rate Eurobond due 2021
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount | €		€ 300
Interest rate - effective	1.97%	1.97%
Total long-term debt	$ 367			334
Fixed rate Euro medium term note due 2022
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount | €		€ 500
Interest rate - effective	0.45%	0.45%
Total long-term debt	$ 612			557
Fixed rate medium term note due 2022
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 600					$ 450
Interest rate - effective	2.17%	2.17%				2.75%
Total long-term debt	$ 598			597
Fixed rate medium term note due 2022
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 450
Interest rate - effective	2.76%	2.76%
Total long-term debt	$ 449			449
Fixed rate Euro medium term note due 2023
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount | €		€ 600
Interest rate - effective	1.14%	1.14%
Total long-term debt	$ 731			665
Fixed rate medium term notes due 2023
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 650
Interest rate - effective	2.26%	2.26%
Total long-term debt	$ 649			648
Fixed rate registered note due 2023
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 500				$ 500
Interest rate - effective	1.86%	1.86%			1.75%
Total long-term debt	$ 498			497
Floating rate medium term notes due 2024
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 300						$ 300
Interest rate - effective	0.52%	0.52%
Total long-term debt	$ 299			299
Fixed rate medium term notes due 2024
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 300						$ 300
Interest rate - effective	3.30%	3.30%					3.25%
Total long-term debt	$ 299			299
Fixed rate medium term notes due 2024
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 500					$ 500
Interest rate - effective	2.98%	2.98%				3.25%
Total long-term debt	$ 502			503
Fixed rate medium term note due 2025
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 550
Interest rate - effective	3.04%	3.04%
Total long-term debt	$ 548			547
Fixed rate registered note due 2025
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 750		$ 500		$ 750
Interest rate - effective	2.12%	2.12%	2.65%		2.00%
Total long-term debt	$ 744			743
Fixed rate registered note due 2025
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 500
Interest rate - effective	2.67%	2.67%
Total long-term debt	$ 498
Fixed rate Euro medium term note due 2026
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount | €		€ 750
Interest rate - effective	1.66%	1.66%
Total long-term debt	$ 908			826
Fixed rate medium term notes due 2026
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 650
Interest rate - effective	2.37%	2.37%
Total long-term debt	$ 644			643
Fixed rate medium term notes due 2027
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 850
Interest rate - effective	2.95%	2.95%
Total long-term debt	$ 843			842
Fixed rate 30-year debenture due 2028
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 220
Interest rate - effective	6.44%	6.44%
Total long-term debt	$ 225			226
Fixed rate medium term notes due 2028
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 600						$ 600
Interest rate - effective	3.62%	3.62%					3.625%
Total long-term debt	$ 598			597
Fixed rate medium term notes due 2029
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 800					$ 800
Interest rate - effective	3.38%	3.38%				3.375%
Total long-term debt	$ 796			796
Fixed rate registered note due 2029
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 1,000				$ 1,000
Interest rate - effective	2.50%	2.50%			2.375%
Total long-term debt	$ 986			984
Fixed rate Euro medium term note due 2030
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount | €		€ 500
Interest rate - effective	1.90%	1.90%
Total long-term debt	$ 604			549
Fixed rate registered note due 2030
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 600		$ 600
Interest rate - effective	3.09%	3.09%	3.05%
Total long-term debt	$ 595
Fixed rate Euro medium term notes due 2031
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount | €		€ 500
Interest rate - effective	1.54%	1.54%
Total long-term debt	$ 608			554
Fixed rate 30-year bond due 2037
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 555
Interest rate - effective	5.73%	5.73%
Total long-term debt	$ 551			551
Floating rate note due 2041
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	96
Total long-term debt	96			96
Fixed rate medium term note due 2044
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 325
Interest rate - effective	4.05%	4.05%
Total long-term debt	$ 315			314
Floating rate note due 2044
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	55							$ 60
Total long-term debt	53			53
Fixed rate medium term note due 2046
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 500
Interest rate - effective	3.37%	3.37%
Total long-term debt	$ 476			475
Fixed rate medium term note due 2047
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 500
Interest rate - effective	3.68%	3.68%
Total long-term debt	$ 492			492
Fixed rate medium term note due 2048
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 650						$ 650
Interest rate - effective	4.07%	4.07%					4.00%
Total long-term debt	$ 637			637
Fixed rate medium term note due 2048
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 500					$ 500
Interest rate - effective	3.78%	3.78%				4.00%
Total long-term debt	$ 505			506
Fixed rate registered note due 2049
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 1,000				$ 1,000
Interest rate - effective	3.37%	3.37%			3.25%
Total long-term debt	$ 969			968
Fixed rate registered note due 2050
Long-Term Debt
Principal amount	$ 650		$ 650
Interest rate - effective	3.72%	3.72%	3.70%
Total long-term debt	$ 642
Other borrowings
Long-Term Debt
Interest rate - effective	0.01%	0.01%
Total long-term debt	$ 72			76
Current portion of long-term debt
Long-Term Debt
Interest rate - effective	0.78%	0.78%
Total long-term debt	$ 794			$ 1,841

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term_4

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings - Post-Swap Borrowing, Long-Term Debt, Including Current Portion (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Long-Term Debt
Total long-term debt	$ 18,783	$ 19,359
Fixed-rate debt
Long-Term Debt
Interest rate - effective	2.80%	3.01%
Total long-term debt	$ 17,889	$ 17,061
Floating-rate debt
Long-Term Debt
Interest rate - effective	0.06%	1.06%
Total long-term debt	$ 894	$ 2,298

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term_5

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings - Short-Term Borrowings and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Oct. 31, 2019
Short-Term Borrowings and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt
Long Term Debt	$ 18,783	$ 19,359
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt	$ 806	2,795
Japan subsidiary credit facility
Short-Term Borrowings and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt		632
Germany subsidiary credit facility
Short-Term Borrowings and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt		168
Third lien senior secured notes (Third Lien Notes) maturing 2021 | Acelity Inc. and its KCI subsidiaries
Short-Term Borrowings and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt
Debt Instrument Interest Rate Effective Percentage			12.50%
Current portion of long-term debt
Short-Term Borrowings and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt
Debt Instrument Interest Rate Effective Percentage	0.78%
Long Term Debt	$ 794	1,841
Commercial paper
Short-Term Borrowings and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt		150
Other borrowings
Short-Term Borrowings and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt
Debt Instrument Interest Rate Effective Percentage	4.83%
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt	$ 12	$ 4

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term_6

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings - Future Maturities of Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Maturities of long-term debt
2021	$ 794
2022	1,659
2023	1,878
2024	1,100
2025	1,790
After 2025	11,562
Total long-term debt	18,783	$ 19,359
Floating rate note payments due in next twelve months	$ 53

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term_7

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings - Credit Facilities (Details) € in Millions, $ in Millions, ¥ in Billions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2019EUR (€)	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2019USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019JPY (¥)
The five-year credit facility and the 364-day credit facilities.
Debt instrument
Credit facility amount prior to new agreement			$ 3,750
Term of debt instrument	5 years	5 years
Current borrowing capacity		$ 3,000
Maximum increase available subject to lender approval		1,000
Maximum borrowing capacity including portion subject to lender approval		4,000
Principal amount		$ 3,000
364-day credit facility
Debt instrument
Term of debt instrument		364 days
Current borrowing capacity		$ 1,250
Principal amount		1,250
Stand alone letters of credit and bank guarantees
Debt instrument
Amount of stand alone letters of credit and bank guarantees outstanding utilized in connection with normal business activities		$ 273
EBITDA Multiple Measurement Input | The five-year credit facility and the 364-day credit facilities
Debt instrument
Required minimum EBITDA to Interest Ratio		3
Number of consecutive quarters over which the ratio of required EBITDA to Interest Ratio is calculated		4
Actual EBITDA to Interest Ratio		17
Japan subsidiary credit facility | Credit Facility expiring August 2021
Debt instrument
Principal amount | ¥				¥ 80
Germany subsidiary credit facility | Credit Facility expiring November 2020
Debt instrument
Principal amount | €	€ 150

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term_8

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings - Long-Term Debt Issuances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended					12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Nov. 30, 2019	Aug. 31, 2019	Feb. 28, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Oct. 31, 2019
Debt instrument
Long-term debt						$ 18,783	$ 19,359
Aggregate fixed rate registered notes
Debt instrument
Principal amount	$ 1,750
Fixed rate registered note due 2025
Debt instrument
Principal amount	$ 500		$ 750			$ 750
Term of debt instrument	5 years		5 years 6 months
Interest rate - effective	2.65%		2.00%			2.12%
Long-term debt						$ 744	743
Fixed rate registered note due 2030
Debt instrument
Principal amount	$ 600					$ 600
Term of debt instrument	10 years
Interest rate - effective	3.05%					3.09%
Long-term debt						$ 595
Fixed rate registered note due 2050
Debt instrument
Principal amount	$ 650					$ 650
Term of debt instrument	30 years
Interest rate - effective	3.70%					3.72%
Long-term debt						$ 642
The five-year credit facility and the 364-day credit facilities.
Debt instrument
Principal amount						$ 3,000
Term of debt instrument		5 years				5 years
Aggregate fixed rate medium-term notes
Debt instrument
Principal amount				$ 2,250	$ 2,250
Fixed rate registered notes which are due in 2023, 2025, 2029 and 2049
Debt instrument
Principal amount			$ 3,250
Fixed rate registered note due 2023
Debt instrument
Principal amount			$ 500			$ 500
Term of debt instrument			3 years 6 months
Interest rate - effective			1.75%			1.86%
Long-term debt						$ 498	497
Fixed rate registered note due 2029
Debt instrument
Principal amount			$ 1,000			$ 1,000
Term of debt instrument			10 years
Interest rate - effective			2.375%			2.50%
Long-term debt						$ 986	984
Fixed rate registered note due 2049
Debt instrument
Principal amount			$ 1,000			$ 1,000
Term of debt instrument			30 years
Interest rate - effective			3.25%			3.37%
Long-term debt						$ 969	968
Fixed rate medium term note due 2021
Debt instrument
Principal amount					$ 400
Term of debt instrument					3 years
Interest rate - effective					3.00%
Fixed rate medium term note due 2021 | Interest rate contracts
Debt instrument
Term of debt instrument					3 years
Variable rate					three-month LIBOR
Fixed rate medium term note due 2022
Debt instrument
Principal amount				$ 450		$ 600
Term of debt instrument				3 years
Interest rate - effective				2.75%		2.17%
Long-term debt						$ 598	597
Fixed rate medium term notes due 2023
Debt instrument
Principal amount						$ 650
Interest rate - effective						2.26%
Long-term debt						$ 649	648
Fixed rate medium term notes due 2024
Debt instrument
Principal amount					$ 300	$ 300
Term of debt instrument					5 years 6 months
Interest rate - effective					3.25%	3.30%
Long-term debt						$ 299	299
Fixed rate medium term notes due 2024
Debt instrument
Principal amount				$ 500		$ 500
Term of debt instrument				5 years
Interest rate - effective				3.25%		2.98%
Long-term debt						$ 502	503
Fixed rate medium term note due 2025
Debt instrument
Principal amount						$ 550
Interest rate - effective						3.04%
Long-term debt						$ 548	547
Fixed rate medium term note due 2047
Debt instrument
Principal amount						$ 500
Interest rate - effective						3.68%
Long-term debt						$ 492	492
Floating rate medium term notes due 2024
Debt instrument
Principal amount					$ 300	$ 300
Term of debt instrument					5 years 6 months
Interest rate - effective						0.52%
Long-term debt						$ 299	299
Variable rate					three-month LIBOR
Fixed rate medium term notes due 2027
Debt instrument
Principal amount						$ 850
Interest rate - effective						2.95%
Long-term debt						$ 843	842
Fixed rate medium term notes due 2028
Debt instrument
Principal amount					$ 600	$ 600
Term of debt instrument					10 years
Interest rate - effective					3.625%	3.62%
Long-term debt						$ 598	597
Fixed rate medium term notes due 2029
Debt instrument
Principal amount				$ 800		$ 800
Term of debt instrument				10 years
Interest rate - effective				3.375%		3.38%
Long-term debt						$ 796	796
Fixed rate medium term note due 2048
Debt instrument
Principal amount					$ 650	$ 650
Term of debt instrument					30 years
Interest rate - effective					4.00%	4.07%
Long-term debt						$ 637	637
Fixed rate medium term note due 2048
Debt instrument
Principal amount				$ 500		$ 500
Term of debt instrument				29 years 6 months
Interest rate - effective				4.00%		3.78%
Long-term debt						$ 505	506
Third lien senior secured notes (Third Lien Notes) maturing 2021 | Acelity Inc. and its KCI subsidiaries
Debt instrument
Principal amount								$ 445
Interest rate - effective								12.50%
Floating rate Euro medium term note (repaid in 2020)
Debt instrument
Long-term debt							$ 726

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term_9

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings - Long-Term Debt Maturities and Extinguishments (Details) € in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended							3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2020USD ($)	May 31, 2020USD ($)	May 31, 2020EUR (€)	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2018EUR (€)	Aug. 31, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2019USD ($)
Debt instrument
Debt repurchases	$ 1,000							$ 1,000
Loss on early debt extinguishment	10							10
Repayment of debt						€ 500	$ 450		$ 2,100
Debt assumed									2,573
Acelity Inc. and its KCI subsidiaries
Debt instrument
Debt assumed									$ 2,322
Third lien senior secured notes (Third Lien Notes) maturing 2021 | Acelity Inc. and its KCI subsidiaries
Debt instrument
Principal amount										$ 445
Repayment of debt			$ 445
Floating rate Euro medium term note (repaid in 2020)
Debt instrument
Repayment of debt | €				€ 650
Floating rate medium term note (repaid in 2020)
Debt instrument
Repayment of debt		$ 500
Fixed rate medium term note (repaid in 2020)
Debt instrument
Principal amount	$ 400							$ 400
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)	3.00%							3.00%
Fixed rate medium term note (repaid in 2020)
Debt instrument
Principal amount	$ 600							$ 600
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)	1.625%							1.625%
Fixed rate medium term notes repaid June 2019
Debt instrument
Repayment of debt					$ 625

Long-Term Debt and Short-Ter_10

Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings - Floating Rate Notes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2004	Dec. 31, 2020
Floating rate notes due 2027 and 2040 and 2041
Debt instrument
Number of years after date of issuance that put options commence		10 years
Floating rate notes due 2027 and 2040 and 2041 | Maximum
Debt instrument
Repurchase price of floating rate notes (as a percent)		100.00%
Floating rate notes due 2027 and 2040 and 2041 | Minimum
Debt instrument
Repurchase price of floating rate notes (as a percent)		99.00%
Floating rate note due 2044
Debt instrument
Debt Instrument Term	40 years
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 60	$ 55
Repurchase price of floating rate notes (as a percent)		100.00%

Pension and Postretirement Be_3

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans - Narrative (Details)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2019USD ($)personitem	Jun. 30, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Benefit Plan Information
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment					$ (171,000,000)	$ 560,000,000	$ (444,000,000)
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Funded
Benefit Plan Information
Company contributions year to date					153,000,000	207,000,000
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | United States | Funded
Benefit Plan Information
Company contributions year to date					61,000,000	101,000,000
Pension settlement charge			$ 32,000,000			35,000,000
Special termination benefits - number of additional years of pension service | item	1
Special termination benefits - number of additional years of age for certain benefit calculations | item	1
Special termination benefits - number of participants | person	800
Special termination benefits charge				$ 35,000,000
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | International | Funded
Benefit Plan Information
Company contributions year to date					92,000,000	106,000,000
Pension settlement charge					(57,000,000)	1,000,000
Postretirement Benefits | Funded
Benefit Plan Information
Company contributions year to date					3,000,000	3,000,000
Pension settlement charge					(5,000,000)
Maximum life insurance and death benefit to be paid under the modified 3M Retiree Life Insurance Plan postretirement benefit	$ 8,000
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment				$ 150,000,000
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Benefit Plan Information
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment					$ (171,000,000)	$ 560,000,000	$ (444,000,000)
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | International | Funded | United Kingdom Pension Plan
Benefit Plan Information
Defined benefit pension plan adjustment		$ 80,000,000
Other Assets | International | Funded | United Kingdom Pension Plan
Benefit Plan Information
Defined benefit pension plan adjustment		$ 80,000,000

Pension and Postretirement Be_4

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans - Components of net periodic benefit cost and other information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)	$ (50)	$ (68)	$ (73)
Funded | Postretirement Benefits
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)
Service cost	43	43	52
Interest cost	62	82	79
Expected return on plan assets	(79)	(81)	(84)
Amortization of prior service benefit	(33)	(33)	(40)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	49	34	61
Settlements, curtailments, special terminations and other	3	5
Total non-operating expense (benefit)	2	7	16
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)	45	50	68
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss
Prior service cost (benefit)		(171)
Amortization of prior service benefit	33	33	40
Net actuarial (gain) loss	108	119	(127)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	(49)	(34)	(61)
Foreign currency	(7)	(1)	(2)
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other	(3)	(5)
Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)	82	(59)	(150)
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost (benefit) and other comprehensive (income) loss	127	(9)	(82)
Funded | United States | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)
Service cost	261	251	288
Interest cost	499	620	563
Expected return on plan assets	(1,019)	(1,040)	(1,087)
Amortization of prior service benefit	(24)	(24)	(23)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	536	366	503
Settlements, curtailments, special terminations and other	16	70
Total non-operating expense (benefit)	8	(8)	(44)
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)	269	243	244
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss
Amortization of prior service benefit	24	24	23
Net actuarial (gain) loss	733	926	(44)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	(536)	(366)	(503)
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other	(16)	(35)
Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)	205	549	(524)
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost (benefit) and other comprehensive (income) loss	474	792	(280)
Funded | International | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)
Service cost	152	131	143
Interest cost	117	156	157
Expected return on plan assets	(306)	(299)	(307)
Amortization of transition asset	2
Amortization of prior service benefit	(5)	(12)	(13)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	131	78	114
Settlements, curtailments, special terminations and other	1	10	4
Total non-operating expense (benefit)	(60)	(67)	(45)
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)	92	64	98
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss
Amortization of transition asset	(2)
Prior service cost (benefit)		3	7
Amortization of prior service benefit	5	12	13
Net actuarial (gain) loss	(358)	344	194
Amortization of net actuarial loss	(131)	(78)	(114)
Foreign currency	79	7	(83)
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other	(1)	(8)	(4)
Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)	(408)	280	13
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost (benefit) and other comprehensive (income) loss	$ (316)	$ 344	$ 111

Pension and Postretirement Be_5

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans - Plan Amount Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)plancountry	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)
Unfunded Plans
Benefit Plan Information
Maximum amount of certain nonqualified unfunded pension and postretirement benefit plans obligations not included in benefit obligation reconciliation | $	$ 40	$ 40
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Benefit Plan Information
Company-sponsored retirement plans, minimum number of worldwide plans | plan	75
Company-sponsored retirement plans, number of countries | country	28
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | International
Benefit Plan Information
Company-sponsored retirement plans, minimum number of international plans | plan	70
Company-sponsored retirement plans, number of countries | country	25

Pension and Postretirement Be_6

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans - Opening Paragraph Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
United States
Schedule Of Defined Contribution Plans Disclosures
Company match of eligible compensation of employee contributions into 401(k)	5.00%
Company cash match of employee contributions for employees hired after January 1, 2009	100.00%
Company contribution to employer retirement income account for employees hired on or after January 1, 2009	3.00%
Expenses related to defined contribution plans	$ 201	$ 186	$ 173
International
Schedule Of Defined Contribution Plans Disclosures
Expenses related to defined contribution plans	$ 103	$ 96	$ 99
Maximum | United States
Schedule Of Defined Contribution Plans Disclosures
Company cash match of employee contributions for employees hired prior to January 1, 2009	60.00%
Minimum | United States
Schedule Of Defined Contribution Plans Disclosures
Company cash match of employee contributions for employees hired prior to January 1, 2009	45.00%

Pension and Postretirement Be_7

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans - Change in Benefit Obligation and Plan Assets and Amounts Recognized in Balance Sheet and AOCI (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Non-current assets	$ 230	$ 630	$ 230
Accrued benefit cost
Current liabilities	(67)	(71)	(67)
Non-current liabilities	(3,911)	(4,405)	(3,911)
Funded | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Change in plan assets
Company contributions		153	207
Funded | Postretirement Benefits
Change in benefit obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year		2,242	2,175
Service cost		43	43	$ 52
Interest cost		62	82	79
Foreign exchange rate changes		(14)
Plan amendments			(171)
Actuarial (gain) loss		176	225
Benefit payments		(107)	(112)
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other		(5)
Benefit obligation at end of year	2,242	2,397	2,242	2,175
Change in plan assets
Fair value, beginning balance		1,338	1,260
Actual return on plan assets		147	187
Company contributions		3	3
Benefit payments		(107)	(112)
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other		(5)
Fair value, ending balance	1,338	1,376	1,338	1,260
Funded status at end of year	(904)	(1,021)	(904)
Accrued benefit cost
Current liabilities	(4)	(4)	(4)
Non-current liabilities	(900)	(1,017)	(900)
Ending balance	(904)	(1,021)	(904)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income
Net actuarial loss (gain)	663	713	663
Prior service cost (credit)	(262)	(230)	(262)
Ending balance	401	483	401
Funded | United States | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Change in benefit obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year		17,935	15,948
Service cost		261	251	288
Interest cost		499	620	563
Actuarial (gain) loss		1,785	2,209
Benefit payments		(1,104)	(1,128)
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other	32		35
Benefit obligation at end of year	17,935	19,376	17,935	15,948
Change in plan assets
Fair value, beginning balance		16,099	14,803
Actual return on plan assets		2,071	2,323
Company contributions		61	101
Benefit payments		(1,104)	(1,128)
Fair value, ending balance	16,099	17,127	16,099	14,803
Funded status at end of year	(1,836)	(2,249)	(1,836)
Accrued benefit cost
Current liabilities	(48)	(52)	(48)
Non-current liabilities	(1,788)	(2,197)	(1,788)
Ending balance	(1,836)	(2,249)	(1,836)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income
Net actuarial loss (gain)	5,899	6,080	5,899
Prior service cost (credit)	(128)	(104)	(128)
Ending balance	5,771	5,976	5,771
Accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets
Projected benefit obligation	17,935	19,376	17,935
Accumulated benefit obligation	17,125	18,441	17,125
Fair value of plan assets	16,099	17,127	16,099
Total Accumulated Benefit Obligation	17,125	18,441	17,125
Funded | United States | Postretirement Benefits
Change in plan assets
Fair value, beginning balance		1,338
Fair value, ending balance	1,338	1,376	1,338
Funded | International | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Change in benefit obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year		7,931	6,965
Acquisitions/Transfers		1	9
Service cost		152	131	143
Interest cost		117	156	157
Participant contributions		9	7
Foreign exchange rate changes		427	55
Plan amendments			3
Actuarial (gain) loss		464	906
Benefit payments		(274)	(302)
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other		(57)	1
Benefit obligation at end of year	7,931	8,770	7,931	6,965
Change in plan assets
Fair value, beginning balance		6,923	6,170
Acquisitions/Transfers			4
Actual return on plan assets		1,102	858
Company contributions		92	106
Participant contributions		9	7
Foreign exchange rate changes		376	80
Benefit payments		(274)	(302)
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other		(34)
Fair value, ending balance	6,923	8,194	6,923	$ 6,170
Funded status at end of year	(1,008)	(576)	(1,008)
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Non-current assets	230	630	230
Accrued benefit cost
Current liabilities	(15)	(15)	(15)
Non-current liabilities	(1,223)	(1,191)	(1,223)
Ending balance	(1,008)	(576)	(1,008)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income
Net transition obligation (asset)	10	9	10
Net actuarial loss (gain)	1,967	1,557	1,967
Prior service cost (credit)	(5)	(2)	(5)
Ending balance	1,972	1,564	1,972
Accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets
Projected benefit obligation	2,986	3,385	2,986
Accumulated benefit obligation	2,752	3,119	2,752
Fair value of plan assets	1,778	2,199	1,778
Total Accumulated Benefit Obligation	$ 7,355	$ 8,181	$ 7,355

Pension and Postretirement Be_8

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans - Special termination benefits (Details) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2019item	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Benefit Plan Information
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment			$ (171)	$ 560	$ (444)
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | United States | Funded
Benefit Plan Information
Special termination benefits - number of additional years of pension service | item	1
Special termination benefits - number of additional years of age for certain benefit calculations | item	1
Special termination benefits charge		$ 35
Postretirement Benefits | Funded
Benefit Plan Information
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment		$ 150

Pension and Postretirement Be_9

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans - US Pension Weighted Averages and Expected Returns Information (Details) - Funded - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Benefit Plan Information
Company contributions	$ 153	$ 207
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Maximum
Asset Allocation assumption
Estimated pension contributions for next fiscal year	200
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Minimum
Asset Allocation assumption
Estimated pension contributions for next fiscal year	100
Postretirement Benefits
Benefit Plan Information
Company contributions	$ 3	$ 3
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations
Discount rate	2.50%	3.27%	4.41%
Percentage increase (decrease) in discount rate obligation from the prior year	(0.77%)
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net cost for years ended
Discount rate - service cost	3.45%	4.53%	3.86%
Discount rate - interest cost	3.00%	4.15%	3.52%
Expected return on assets	6.32%	6.43%	6.53%
United States
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations
Original percentage medical inflation indexation by company in year	3.00%
Revised percentage medical inflation indexation by company in year	1.50%
United States | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Benefit Plan Information
Company contributions	$ 61	$ 101
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations
Discount rate	2.55%	3.25%	4.36%
Compensation rate increase	3.21%	3.21%	4.10%
Percentage increase (decrease) in discount rate obligation from the prior year	(0.70%)
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net cost for years ended
Discount rate - service cost	3.41%	4.44%	3.78%
Discount rate - interest cost	2.87%	4.02%	3.35%
Expected return on assets	6.75%	7.00%	7.25%
Compensation rate increase	3.21%	4.10%	4.10%
United States | Pension and Postretirement Benefit plans
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations
Impact to the Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO) as a result of a change in discount rate	$ 1,800
International | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Benefit Plan Information
Company contributions	$ 92	$ 106
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations
Discount rate	1.38%	1.81%	2.50%
Compensation rate increase	2.88%	2.88%	2.89%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net cost for years ended
Discount rate - service cost	1.61%	2.39%	2.27%
Discount rate - interest cost	1.61%	2.26%	2.14%
Expected return on assets	4.70%	4.90%	5.02%
Compensation rate increase	2.88%	2.89%	2.89%
Qualified | United States | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits
Asset Allocation assumption
Rate of return on plan assets	13.60%	16.30%	(0.50%)
Average annual actual return on plan assets over the past 10 years	8.80%
Number years of used in the calculation of one average annual actual return on plan assets	10 years
Average annual actual return on plan assets over the past 25 years	9.00%
Number years of used in the calculation of a second average annual actual return on plan assets	25 years
Company's assumption for the expected return on plan assets
Expected return on assets for next fiscal year	6.50%
Qualified | United States | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Primary U.S. Qualified Pension Plan
Company's assumption for the expected return on plan assets
Expected return on assets	6.75%
Qualified | United States | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Global equity
Asset Allocation assumption
Asset allocation assumption for next fiscal year	22.00%
Qualified | United States | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Private equity
Asset Allocation assumption
Asset allocation assumption for next fiscal year	12.00%
Qualified | United States | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Fixed income
Asset Allocation assumption
Asset allocation assumption for next fiscal year	49.00%
Qualified | United States | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Absolute return
Asset Allocation assumption
Asset allocation assumption for next fiscal year	17.00%

Pension and Postretirement B_10

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans - Future Benefit Payments (Details) - Funded $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | United States
Future Pension and Postretirement Benefit Payments
2021 Benefit Payments	$ 1,127
2022 Benefit Payments	1,134
2023 Benefit Payments	1,135
2024 Benefit Payments	1,134
2025 Benefit Payments	1,139
Next five years	5,619
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | International
Future Pension and Postretirement Benefit Payments
2021 Benefit Payments	263
2022 Benefit Payments	276
2023 Benefit Payments	292
2024 Benefit Payments	311
2025 Benefit Payments	319
Next five years	1,752
Postretirement Benefits
Future Pension and Postretirement Benefit Payments
2021 Benefit Payments	127
2022 Benefit Payments	133
2023 Benefit Payments	140
2024 Benefit Payments	145
2025 Benefit Payments	152
Next five years	$ 792

Pension and Postretirement B_11

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans - Pension Asset Fair Values (Details) - Funded - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	$ 17,127	$ 16,099	$ 14,803
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | International
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	8,194	6,923	6,170
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Defined Benefit Plan Assets, Excluding Reconciling Items | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	17,490	16,557
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Defined Benefit Plan Assets, Excluding Reconciling Items | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	5,525	5,612
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Defined Benefit Plan Assets, Excluding Reconciling Items | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	6,572	5,584
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Defined Benefit Plan Assets, Excluding Reconciling Items | International
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	8,351	6,976
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Defined Benefit Plan Assets, Excluding Reconciling Items | International | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1,675	1,873
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Defined Benefit Plan Assets, Excluding Reconciling Items | International | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	4,833	3,778
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Defined Benefit Plan Assets, Excluding Reconciling Items | International | Level 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	586	540
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Global equity | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	4,556	3,577
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Global equity | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	4,123	3,160
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Global equity | International
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	2,034	2,312
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Global equity | International | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1,252	1,395
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Global equity | International | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	704	894
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Global equity | International | Level 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	4	5
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Global equity | International | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	74	18
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | U.S. equities | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	2,082	1,575
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | U.S. equities | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	2,082	1,575
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Non-U.S. equities | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	2,041	1,585
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Non-U.S. equities | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	2,041	1,585
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Growth equities | United States | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	433	417
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Growth equities | International | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	756	1,434
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Growth equities | International | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	547	638
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Growth equities | International | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	209	796
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Value equities | International | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1,055	706
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Value equities | International | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	659	696
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Value equities | International | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	396	10
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Core equities | International | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	149	154
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Core equities | International | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	46	61
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Core equities | International | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	99	88
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Core equities | International | Level 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	4	5
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Fixed income | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	7,810	7,814
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Fixed income | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1,307	2,351
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Fixed income | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	6,432	5,463
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Fixed income | International
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	4,708	3,475
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Fixed income | International | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	138	378
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Fixed income | International | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	3,991	2,635
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Fixed income | International | Level 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	16	13
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Fixed income | International | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	563	449
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | U.S. government securities | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	2,279	3,262
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | U.S. government securities | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1,301	2,346
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | U.S. government securities | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	978	916
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Domestic government debt | International | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1,121	790
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Domestic government debt | International | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	71	353
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Domestic government debt | International | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1,045	433
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Domestic government debt | International | Level 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	5	4
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Foreign government agency securities | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	71	61
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Foreign government agency securities | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	71	61
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Foreign government agency securities | International | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	509	625
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Foreign government agency securities | International | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	33	22
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Foreign government agency securities | International | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	476	603
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Preferred and convertible securities | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	55	52
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Preferred and convertible securities | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	55	52
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | U.S. corporate bonds | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	4,511	3,576
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | U.S. corporate bonds | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	10	10
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | U.S. corporate bonds | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	4,501	3,566
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Non-U.S. corporate bonds | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	820	759
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Non-U.S. corporate bonds | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	820	759
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Corporate debt securities | International | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	2,515	1,611
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Corporate debt securities | International | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	34	3
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Corporate debt securities | International | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	2,470	1,599
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Corporate debt securities | International | Level 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	11	9
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Other | United States | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	71
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Derivative instruments | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	3	104
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Derivative instruments | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	(4)	(5)
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Derivative instruments | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	7	109
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Private equity | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1,871	1,945
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Private equity | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	70	80
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Private equity | International
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	427	338
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Private equity | International | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	128	6
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Private equity | International | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	86	207
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Private equity | International | Level 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	5	4
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Growth equity | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	70	80
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Growth equity | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	70	80
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Real estate | International | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	219	217
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Real estate | International | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	128	6
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Real estate | International | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	86	207
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Real estate | International | Level 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	5	4
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Real estate | International | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	92	36
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Partnership investments | United States | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1,801	1,865
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Partnership investments | International | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	116	85
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Absolute return | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	2,747	2,717
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Absolute return | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets		1
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Absolute return | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	134	117
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Absolute return | International
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	981	717
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Absolute return | International | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	8
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Absolute return | International | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1	3
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Absolute return | International | Level 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	561	518
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Derivatives - absolute return | International | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1	3
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Derivatives - absolute return | International | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1	3
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Insurance | International | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	555	513
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Insurance | International | Level 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	555	513
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Fixed income and other | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	134	118
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Fixed income and other | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets		1
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Fixed income and other | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	134	117
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Hedge fund/fund of funds | United States | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	2,046	2,010
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Partnership investments - absolute return | United States | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	567	589
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Other | International | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	14	5
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Other | International | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	8
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Other | International | Level 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	6	5
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Other | International | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1	1
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Hedge funds | International | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	410	195
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Cash and Cash Equivalent | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	506	504
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Cash and Cash Equivalent | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	25	20
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Cash and Cash Equivalent | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	6	4
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Cash and Cash Equivalent | International
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	201	134
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Cash and Cash Equivalent | International | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	149	94
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Cash and Cash Equivalent | International | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	51	39
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Cash and cash equivalents | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	37	25
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Cash and cash equivalents | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	25	20
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Cash and cash equivalents | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	12	5
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Cash and cash equivalents | United States | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	475	480
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Cash and cash equivalents | International | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	200	133
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Cash and cash equivalents | International | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	149	94
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Cash and cash equivalents | International | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	51	39
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Cash and cash equivalents | International | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1	1
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Repurchase Agreements And Derivative Margin Activity | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	(6)	(1)
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Repurchase Agreements And Derivative Margin Activity | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	(6)	(1)
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Defined Benefit Plans Reconciling Items | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	(363)	(458)
Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits | Defined Benefit Plans Reconciling Items | International
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	(157)	(53)
Postretirement Benefits
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	$ 1,376	1,338	$ 1,260
Percentage of plan assets within 401h account	50.00%
Postretirement Benefits | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	$ 1,376	1,338
Postretirement Benefits | Defined Benefit Plan Assets, Excluding Reconciling Items | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1,401	1,361
Postretirement Benefits | Defined Benefit Plan Assets, Excluding Reconciling Items | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	574	587
Postretirement Benefits | Defined Benefit Plan Assets, Excluding Reconciling Items | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	547	508
Postretirement Benefits | Global equity | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	481	447
Postretirement Benefits | Global equity | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	450	414
Postretirement Benefits | U.S. equities | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	347	337
Postretirement Benefits | U.S. equities | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	347	337
Postretirement Benefits | Non-U.S. equities | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	103	77
Postretirement Benefits | Non-U.S. equities | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	103	77
Postretirement Benefits | Index and long/short equity | United States | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	31	33
Postretirement Benefits | Fixed income | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	638	638
Postretirement Benefits | Fixed income | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	96	136
Postretirement Benefits | Fixed income | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	539	502
Postretirement Benefits | U.S. government securities | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	309	378
Postretirement Benefits | U.S. government securities | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	95	136
Postretirement Benefits | U.S. government securities | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	214	242
Postretirement Benefits | Foreign government agency securities | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	6	6
Postretirement Benefits | Foreign government agency securities | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	6	6
Postretirement Benefits | U.S. corporate bonds | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	268	203
Postretirement Benefits | U.S. corporate bonds | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1
Postretirement Benefits | U.S. corporate bonds | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	267	203
Postretirement Benefits | Non-U.S. corporate bonds | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	52	46
Postretirement Benefits | Non-U.S. corporate bonds | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	52	46
Postretirement Benefits | Other | United States | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	3
Postretirement Benefits | Derivative instruments | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets		5
Postretirement Benefits | Derivative instruments | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets		5
Postretirement Benefits | Private equity | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	98	96
Postretirement Benefits | Private equity | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	3	4
Postretirement Benefits | Growth equity | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	3	4
Postretirement Benefits | Growth equity | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	3	4
Postretirement Benefits | Partnership investments | United States | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	95	92
Postretirement Benefits | Absolute return | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	135	124
Postretirement Benefits | Absolute return | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	7	5
Postretirement Benefits | Fixed income and other | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	7	5
Postretirement Benefits | Fixed income and other | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	7	5
Postretirement Benefits | Hedge fund/fund of funds | United States | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	100	92
Postretirement Benefits | Partnership investments - absolute return | United States | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	28	27
Postretirement Benefits | Cash and Cash Equivalent | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	49	56
Postretirement Benefits | Cash and Cash Equivalent | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	25	33
Postretirement Benefits | Cash and Cash Equivalent | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1	1
Postretirement Benefits | Cash and cash equivalents | United States | Levels 1, 2 and 3
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	26	34
Postretirement Benefits | Cash and cash equivalents | United States | Level 1
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	25	33
Postretirement Benefits | Cash and cash equivalents | United States | Level 2
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	1	1
Postretirement Benefits | Cash and cash equivalents | United States | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	23	22
Postretirement Benefits | Defined Benefit Plans Reconciling Items | United States
Benefit Plan Information
Fair value of plan assets	$ (25)	$ (23)

Pension and Postretirement B_12

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans - Pension Asset Fair Value Level 3 (Details) - Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits - International - Funded - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Benefit Plan Information
Foreign currency exchange	$ (376)	$ (80)
Level 3
Benefit Plan Information
Defined benefit plan increase/decrease related to currency exchange rates	43.5	(7)
Defined benefit plan increase/decrease related to aggregate of net purchases and net unrealized gains and losses	(0.5)	24
Defined benefit plan increase/decrease related to Level 3 assets	$ 43	$ 17

Derivatives - Cash Flow Hedges

Derivatives - Cash Flow Hedges (Details) - Cash flow hedge - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2020
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges		$ (173)
Interest rate contracts
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges			$ (143)
Derivative notional amount				$ 700
Additional derivative notional			$ 743	$ 1,200
Termination Of Derivative	$ 500
Treasury rate lock contracts
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Derivative notional amount					$ 500
Interest rate swap and treasury lock in aggregate
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges		$ (107)
Foreign currency exchange contracts
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Maximum length of time hedged in cash flow hedge		36 months
After-tax net unrealized gain (loss) anticipated to be reclassified from AOCI to the income statement within next twelve months		$ (51)
After-tax net unrealized gain (loss) anticipated to be reclassified from AOCI to the income statement after the next fiscal year		(23)
After-tax unrealized gain (loss) anticipated to be reclassified from AOCI to the income statement after two fiscal years		$ (99)

Derivatives - Cash Flow Hedge_2

Derivatives - Cash Flow Hedges - Gain (Loss) in OCI or Reclassified from AOCI (Details) - Cash flow hedge - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivative	$ (113)	$ (26)
Pretax Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	71	70
Foreign currency exchange contracts
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivative	(111)	96
Foreign currency exchange contracts | Cost of sales
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Pretax Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	80	74
Interest rate contracts
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivative	(2)	(122)
Interest rate contracts | Interest expense
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Pretax Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	$ (9)	$ (4)

Derivatives - Cash Flow Hedge_3

Derivatives - Cash Flow Hedges - Effective and Ineffective Portions (Details) - Cash flow hedge $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative	$ 133
Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	(96)
Foreign currency exchange contracts
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative	151
Foreign currency exchange contracts | Cost of sales
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	(95)
Interest rate contracts
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Derivative	(18)
Interest rate contracts | Interest expense
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Effective Portion of Derivative as a Result of Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	$ (1)

Derivatives - Fair Value Hedges

Derivatives - Fair Value Hedges (Details) € in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2015USD ($)DerivativeInstrument	Jun. 30, 2014USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2013EUR (€)
Fixed rate medium term note due 2019
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Principal amount			$ 625
Fixed rate medium term note due 2021
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Principal amount	$ 400
Term of debt instrument	3 years
Interest rate contracts | Fixed rate medium term note due 2021
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Derivative notional amount	$ 200
Term of debt instrument	3 years
Variable rate	three-month LIBOR
Fair value hedges | Eurobond Due 2021
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Principal amount | €						€ 600
Fair value hedges | Fixed rate medium term note due 2019
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Principal amount			625
Fair value hedges | August 2015 medium term notes issued
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Principal amount		$ 1,500
Fair value hedges | June 2014 medium term notes issued
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Principal amount			950
Fair value hedges | Fixed rate medium term note due 2021
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Principal amount	$ 400			$ 400
Variable rate	three-month LIBOR
Fair value hedges | Interest rate contracts
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Number of interest rate swap contracts entered in period | DerivativeInstrument		2
Fair value hedges | Interest rate contracts | Eurobond Due 2021
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Derivative notional amount | €						€ 300
Fair value hedges | Interest rate contracts | Fixed rate medium term note due 2019
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Derivative notional amount			$ 600
Variable rate			three-month LIBOR
Fair value hedges | Interest rate contracts | Fixed rate medium term note due 2018
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Derivative notional amount		$ 450
Term of debt instrument		3 years
Fair value hedges | Interest rate contracts | Fixed rate medium term note due 2020
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Derivative notional amount		$ 300			$ 200
Term of debt instrument		5 years
Fair value hedges | Interest rate contracts | Fixed rate medium term note due 2021
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Derivative notional amount	$ 200

Derivatives - Fair Value Hedg_2

Derivatives - Fair Value Hedges - IS Location (Details) - Fair value hedges $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income	$ (5)
Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item Recognized in Income	5
Interest rate contracts | Interest expense
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income	(5)
Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item Recognized in Income	$ 5

Derivatives - Cumulative Basis

Derivatives - Cumulative Basis Adjustment for Fair Value Hedges (Details) - Fair value hedges - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Derivatives
Hedged Liability, Fair Value Hedge	$ 598	$ 1,274
Hedged Liability, Fair Value Hedge, Cumulative Increase (Decrease)	11	22
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt
Derivatives
Hedged Liability, Fair Value Hedge	373	499
Hedged Liability, Fair Value Hedge, Cumulative Increase (Decrease)	5
Long-term debt
Derivatives
Hedged Liability, Fair Value Hedge	225	775
Hedged Liability, Fair Value Hedge, Cumulative Increase (Decrease)	$ 6	$ 22

Derivatives - Net Investment He

Derivatives - Net Investment Hedges (Details) - Net Investment Hedges € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020EUR (€)	Mar. 31, 2018EUR (€)
Net investment hedges
Effective portion of net investment hedge reclassified out of other comprehensive income into income	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Instrument	(352,000,000)	140,000,000	240,000,000
Amount of Gain (Loss) Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income	5,000,000	20,000,000
Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income			2,000,000
Foreign currency forward/options contracts
Net investment hedges
Derivative notional amount | €				€ 50
Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Instrument	(1,000,000)	32,000,000	18,000,000
Foreign currency forward/options contracts | Cost of sales
Net investment hedges
Amount of Gain (Loss) Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income	5,000,000	20,000,000
Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income			4,000,000
Foreign currency denominated debt
Net investment hedges
Face amount of debt dedesignated as a net investment hedge | €					€ 300
Face amount of debt designated as a net investment hedge | €				€ 3,500
Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized as Cumulative Translation within Other Comprehensive Income on Effective Portion of Instrument	$ (351,000,000)	$ 108,000,000	222,000,000
Foreign currency denominated debt | Cost of sales
Net investment hedges
Ineffective Portion of Gain (Loss) on Instrument and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Income			$ (2,000,000)

Derivatives - Not Designated (D

Derivatives - Not Designated (Details) - Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income	$ 45	$ (11)	$ (96)
Foreign currency exchange contracts | Cost of sales
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income	2	2	13
Foreign currency forward/options contracts | Interest expense
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Income	$ 43	$ (13)	$ (109)

Derivatives - Statement of Inco

Derivatives - Statement of Income Location and Impact of Cash Flow (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cost of sales
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statement of income in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded	$ 16,605	$ 17,136
Other expense (income), net
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statement of income in which the effects of cash flow or fair value hedges are recorded	450	462
Cash flow hedge
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income	71	70
Cash flow hedge | Foreign currency exchange contracts | Cost of sales
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income	80	74
Cash flow hedge | Interest rate contracts | Other expense (income), net
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income	(9)	(4)
Fair value hedges
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Hedged items			$ (5)
Fair value hedges | Interest rate contracts | Other expense (income), net
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Hedged items	4	(8)
Fair value hedges | Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Interest rate contracts | Other expense (income), net
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	$ (4)	$ 8

Derivatives - BS Location (Deta

Derivatives - BS Location (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets	$ 44	$ 142
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities	106	20
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets	31	131
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities	92	12
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Foreign currency exchange contracts | Other current assets
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets	14	64
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Foreign currency exchange contracts | Other assets
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets	10	50
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Foreign currency exchange contracts | Other current liabilities
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities	67	9
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Foreign currency exchange contracts | Other liabilities
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities	25	3
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Foreign currency exchange contracts | Current balance sheet location
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Derivative Notional Amount	1,630	1,995
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Foreign currency exchange contracts | Noncurrent balance sheet location
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Derivative Notional Amount	669	1,041
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Interest rate contracts | Other current assets
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets	7
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Interest rate contracts | Other assets
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets		17
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Interest rate contracts | Current balance sheet location
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Derivative Notional Amount	403	500
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Interest rate contracts | Noncurrent balance sheet location
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Derivative Notional Amount		603
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets	13	11
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities	14	8
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | Foreign currency exchange contracts | Other current assets
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Assets	13	11
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | Foreign currency exchange contracts | Other current liabilities
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments, Liabilities	14	8
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | Foreign currency exchange contracts | Current balance sheet location
Location and Fair Value Amount of Derivative Instruments
Derivative Notional Amount	$ 3,166	$ 2,684

Derivatives - Offsetting Assets

Derivatives - Offsetting Assets (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)Counterparty	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)
Offsetting of Financial Assets under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties
Number of master netting agreements supported by primary counterparty's parent guarantee | Counterparty	17
Number of credit support agreements by primary counterparty | Counterparty	16
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$ 44	$ 142
Net Amount of Derivative Assets	33	128
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements
Offsetting of Financial Assets under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet	44	142
Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Liabilities	11	14
Net Amount of Derivative Assets	$ 33	$ 128

Derivatives - Offsetting Liabil

Derivatives - Offsetting Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$ 106	$ 20
Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities	95	6
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities under Master Netting Agreements with Derivative Counterparties
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet	106	20
Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Assets	11	14
Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities	$ 95	$ 6

Derivatives - Currency Effects

Derivatives - Currency Effects (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Foreign Currency
Year-on-year foreign currency transaction effects, including hedging impact, gain (loss) impact on pre-tax income	$ (21)	$ 201

Fair Value Measurements - Recur

Fair Value Measurements - Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale marketable securities	$ 434	$ 141
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet	44	142
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet	106	20
Fair value on a recurring basis | Foreign currency exchange contracts
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet	37	125
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet	106	20
Fair value on a recurring basis | Interest rate contracts
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet	7	17
Fair value on a recurring basis | Corporate debt securities
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale marketable securities	7
Fair value on a recurring basis | Commercial paper
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale marketable securities	237	85
Fair value on a recurring basis | Certificates of deposit/time deposits
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale marketable securities	31	10
Fair value on a recurring basis | U.S. treasury securities
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale marketable securities	125
Fair value on a recurring basis | U.S. municipal securities
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale marketable securities	34	46
Fair value on a recurring basis | Investments
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Investments		25
Fair value on a recurring basis | Level 1 | U.S. treasury securities
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale marketable securities	125
Fair value on a recurring basis | Level 1 | Investments
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Investments		25
Fair value on a recurring basis | Level 2 | Foreign currency exchange contracts
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet	37	125
Gross Amounts of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet	106	20
Fair value on a recurring basis | Level 2 | Interest rate contracts
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Gross Amounts of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet	7	17
Fair value on a recurring basis | Level 2 | Corporate debt securities
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale marketable securities	7
Fair value on a recurring basis | Level 2 | Commercial paper
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale marketable securities	237	85
Fair value on a recurring basis | Level 2 | Certificates of deposit/time deposits
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale marketable securities	31	10
Fair value on a recurring basis | Level 3 | U.S. municipal securities
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale marketable securities	$ 34	$ 46

Fair Value Measurements - Rec_2

Fair Value Measurements - Recurring Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Reconciliation of items measured at fair value on a recurring basis that used significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 46	$ 40	$ 30
Total gains or losses included in earnings	0	0	0
Total gains or losses included in other comprehensive income	0	0	0
Purchases and issuances	10	9	13
Sales and settlements	(22)	(3)	(3)
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3	0	0	0
Balance at the end of the period	34	46	40
Total gains or losses included in other comprehensive income	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Fair Value Measurements - Nonre

Fair Value Measurements - Nonrecurring Basis (Details) - Fair value on a nonrecurring basis - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring or Nonrecurring Basis
Impairment of long-lived asset		$ 0	$ 0
Adjustment to the carrying value of equity securities using the measurement alternative	$ 22,000,000

Fair Value Measurements - Finan

Fair Value Measurements - Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Carrying Value
Financial Instruments
Long-term debt, excluding current portion - Fair Value	$ 17,989	$ 17,518
Fair Value
Financial Instruments
Long-term debt, excluding current portion - Fair Value	$ 20,496	$ 18,475

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Unconditional Purchase Obligations (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)
Unconditional Purchase Obligations
Due in 2021	$ 294
Due in 2022	328
Due in 2023	216
Due in 2024	95
Due in 2025	46
Due after 2026	6
Total unconditional purchase obligation commitment	$ 985

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies - Warranties and Guarantees (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Warranties/Guarantees:
Accrued product warranty liabilities	$ 46	$ 51

Commitments and Contingencies_3

Commitments and Contingencies - Respirator (Details)	1 Months Ended	2 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2018USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)individual	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)case	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)lawsuit	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019individual
Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation
Loss contingencies
Total number of named claimants | individual						2,075				1,727
Number of years company has been the defendant in Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation					20 years
Number of total claims the Company prevailed after being taken to trial							15	2
Number of total claims taken to trial | case							16
Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation | State court of California
Loss contingencies
Number of total claims the Company prevailed after being taken to trial | lawsuit								1
Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation | State court of Kentucky
Loss contingencies
Litigation settlement awarded	$ 2,000,000
Number of unnamed defendant | individual						2
Amount of punitive damages awarded	$ 63,000,000
Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation | Kentucky and West Virginia
Loss contingencies
Settlement amount paid		$ 340,000,000
Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation - State of West Virginia
Loss contingencies
Number of additional defendants					two
Accrued loss contingency reserve					$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Respirator Mask/Asbestos litigation - Excluding Aearo Technologies
Loss contingencies
Increase in liabilities, gross				$ 313,000,000					120,000,000
Payments for fees and settlements related to litigation									66,000,000
Insurance receivables					4,000,000	4,000,000	4,000,000	4,000,000	4,000,000
Accrued loss contingency reserve					662,000,000	662,000,000	662,000,000	662,000,000	662,000,000
Respirator Mask/Asbestos Litigation - Aearo Technologies
Loss contingencies
Accrued loss contingency reserve					$ 28,000,000	$ 28,000,000	$ 28,000,000	$ 28,000,000	28,000,000
Increase (decrease) accrued loss contingency reserve			$ (37,000,000)
Quarterly fee paid to Cabot to retain responsibility and liability for products manufactured before July 11, 1995									$ 100,000

Commitments and Contingencies_4

Commitments and Contingencies - Environmental (Details)	1 Months Ended				3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2018USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)lawsuit	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)individuallawsuit	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)lawsuit	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)itemlawsuit	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)lawsuit	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)lawsuitfacility	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)lawsuitdefendant	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)subsidiarylawsuit	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)lawsuitperson	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)lawsuitcompany	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)
Environmental Matters - Remediation
Loss contingencies
Accrued loss contingency reserve | $								$ 23,000,000	$ 23,000,000	$ 23,000,000	$ 23,000,000	$ 23,000,000	$ 23,000,000	$ 23,000,000	$ 23,000,000	$ 23,000,000	$ 23,000,000
Environmental Matters - Remediation | Maximum
Loss contingencies
Number of years remediation payments expected to be paid for applicable sites								20 years
Environmental Matters - Other
Loss contingencies
Accrued loss contingency reserve | $								$ 0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Insurance receivables | $								$ 8,000,000	$ 8,000,000	$ 8,000,000	$ 8,000,000	$ 8,000,000	$ 8,000,000	$ 8,000,000	$ 8,000,000	$ 8,000,000	$ 8,000,000
Environmental Matters - Regulatory Activities
Loss contingencies
Number of years after phase-out decision in May 2000 that the Company stopped manufacturing and using vast majority of perfluorooctanyl compounds								2 years
Amount of PFOA and PFOS found in drinking water, either individually or combined, that are allowed per the EPA's announced lifetime health advisory levels in parts per trillion | item											70
Amount of PFOA in drinking water allowed per provisional health advisories in parts per trillion (superseded) | item											400
Amount of PFOS in drinking water allowed per provisional health advisories in parts per trillion (superseded) | item											200
Number of PFCs the EPA has required to have public water system suppliers monitor | item											6
Number compounds EPA asked for public comment on draft toxicity assessments for PFAS compounds, including PFBS | item											2
Number of guidance documents released by the EPA related to PFAS | item											2
Number of public water supplies the EPA reported results | item											4,920
Number of water supplies that reported above advisory level with PFOA | item											13
Number of water supplies that reported above advisory level with PFOS | item											46
Number of water supplies that reported above advisory level with both PFOA and PFOS under technical advisory issued by EPA in September 2016 | item											65
Environmental Matters - Regulatory Activities | Minimum
Loss contingencies
Number of water supply samples used to test for PFOA and PFOS under the EPA lifetime health advisory program | item											1
Environmental Matters - Regulatory Activities | U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama
Loss contingencies
Number of plaintiffs dismissed | individual									5
Environmental Matters - Regulatory Activities | Massachusetts
Loss contingencies
Number of combined PFAS compounds detailed in published final regulations establishing a drinking water standard | item											6
Environmental Matters - Regulatory Activities | Minnesota Department of Health
Loss contingencies
Amount of PFOA in drinking water allowed per Minnesota Department of Health in parts per trillion | item											35
Amount of PFOS in drinking water allowed per Minnesota Department of Health in parts per trillion | item											27
Additional amounts of PFOS in drinking water allowed per Minnesota Department of Health in parts per trillion | item											15
Amount of PFHxS in drinking water allowed per Minnesota Department of Health in parts per trillion | item											47
Amount of PFBS in drinking water allowed per Minnesota Department of Health in parts per billion | item											2
Environmental Matters - Regulatory Activities | Vermont
Loss contingencies
Number of other perfluorinated compounds in drinking water standards | item											3
Environmental Matters - Litigation | U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama
Loss contingencies
Number of plaintiffs | individual									55
Number of additional plaintiffs | individual									37
Environmental Matters - Litigation | Alabama
Loss contingencies
Litigation settlement awarded | $		$ 35,000,000
Number of local water works for whom the water authority supplies water | item											5
Environmental Matters - Litigation | Alabama | Minimum
Loss contingencies
Number of plaintiffs | individual									200
Environmental Matters - Litigation | Decatur, Alabama
Loss contingencies
Number of closed municipal landfills | item											3
Number of putative class action and other lawsuits												2
Environmental Matters - Litigation | Minnesota
Loss contingencies
Litigation settlement awarded | $							$ 897,000,000
Number of recommended options for utilizing the Water Quality and Sustainability Fund seeking public comment | item											3
Settlement amount paid | $				$ 850,000,000
Environmental Matters - Litigation | Lake Elmo, Minnesota | Maximum
Loss contingencies
Settlement amount paid | $		$ 5,000,000
Environmental Matters - Litigation | New Jersey
Loss contingencies
Number of lawsuits filed												2
Number of additional new claims filed												2
Number of additional defendants | defendant														6
Environmental Matters - Litigation | Salem County, New Jersey
Loss contingencies
Number of facilities related to the manufacture and disposal of PFAS | facility													2
Environmental Matters - Litigation | Michigan
Loss contingencies
Number of lawsuits filed												2
Environmental Matters - Litigation | Federal court of Michigan
Loss contingencies
Number of lawsuits filed												1
Environmental Matters - Litigation | State court in New York
Loss contingencies
Number of lawsuits filed												4
Environmental Matters - Litigation | State Court of Lawrence County, Alabama
Loss contingencies
Number of additional plaintiffs | individual									557
Number of amended additional plaintiffs | individual									331
Environmental Matters - Litigation | New Hampshire
Loss contingencies
Number of lawsuits filed												2
Number of additional defendants | defendant														7
Environmental Matters - Litigation | Vermont
Loss contingencies
Number of lawsuits filed												2
Number of additional defendants | defendant														10
Environmental Matters - Aqueous Film Forming Foam Litigation
Loss contingencies
Number of lawsuits filed												943
Number of lawsuits served												2
Number of putative class action and other lawsuits												26
Number of cases filed by current or former firefighters												414
Environmental Matters - Aqueous Film Forming Foam Litigation | U.S. Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (MDL)
Loss contingencies
Number of lawsuits filed												933
Number of putative class action and other lawsuits												947
Environmental Matters - Aqueous Film Forming Foam Litigation | Various state courts
Loss contingencies
Number of lawsuits filed												8
Number of lawsuits pending								5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Number of cases stayed												5
Environmental Matters - Aqueous Film Forming Foam Litigation | State court in Wisconsin
Loss contingencies
Number of subsidiaries of plaintiff | subsidiary															2
Environmental Matters - Aqueous Film Forming Foam Litigation | Federal court
Loss contingencies
Number of lawsuits pending								2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Environmental Matters - Other PFAS-related Environmental Litigation | U.S. District Court of New York State
Loss contingencies
Number of lawsuits filed												41
Number of additional new claims filed												4
Number of putative class action and other lawsuits												1
Number of cases the Company has filed answers in which it has been served												8
Environmental Matters - Other PFAS-related Environmental Litigation | U.S. District Court of Eastern District of New York
Loss contingencies
Number of lawsuits pending								11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11
Environmental Matters - Other PFAS-related Environmental Litigation | State court of California
Loss contingencies
Number of local water providers | facility													10
Environmental Matters - Other PFAS-related Environmental Litigation | Decatur, Alabama
Loss contingencies
Number of perfluorinated materials (FBSA and FBSEE) the company cannot release into "the waters of the United States." | item											2
Environmental Matters - Other PFAS-related Environmental Litigation | Georgia
Loss contingencies
Number of putative class action and other lawsuits												1
Environmental Matters - Other PFAS-related Environmental Litigation | Alabama and Georgia
Loss contingencies
Number of putative class action and other lawsuits												4
Environmental Matters - Other PFAS-related Environmental Litigation | Cities located downstream along the Coosa River
Loss contingencies
Number of putative class action and other lawsuits												3
Environmental Matters - Other PFAS-related Environmental Litigation | New Jersey
Loss contingencies
Number of lawsuits filed												2
Environmental Matters - Other PFAS-related Environmental Litigation | Near DuPont and Solvay Facilities
Loss contingencies
Number of lawsuits filed												3
Environmental Matters - Other PFAS-related Environmental Litigation | Michigan
Loss contingencies
Number of plaintiffs												274				1
Settlement amount paid | $	$ 55,000,000																	$ 70,000,000
Number of claims with summary judgment | defendant														1
Number of federal bellwether cases with trial-ready dates set												3
Number of federal bellwether cases the court issued the first round of dispositive motion rulings												2
Total number of federal bellwether cases												5
Number of putative class action and other lawsuits												1
Number of companies involved in agreement | company																	2
Environmental Matters - Other PFAS-related Environmental Litigation | Parchment, Michigan
Loss contingencies
Funds to provide expanded municipal water service | $										$ 5,000,000
Environmental Matters - Other PFAS-related Environmental Litigation | Delaware.
Loss contingencies
Number of putative class action and other lawsuits												1
Environmental Matters - Other Environmental Litigation
Loss contingencies
Accrued loss contingency reserve | $								$ 416,000,000	$ 416,000,000	416,000,000	$ 416,000,000	$ 416,000,000	$ 416,000,000	$ 416,000,000	$ 416,000,000	$ 416,000,000	$ 416,000,000
Increase (decrease) accrued loss contingency reserve | $										96,000,000
Litigation payments | $										$ 125,000,000
Charge for environmental resolutions | $					$ 214,000,000
Environmental Matters - Other Environmental Litigation | Alabama
Loss contingencies
Increase (decrease) accrued loss contingency reserve | $						$ 235,000,000
Environmental Matters - Other Environmental Litigation | New Jersey
Loss contingencies
Approximate number of miles of a river seeking to be cleaned | item											8
The value the award the plaintiff seeks | $			$ 165,000,000
Number of chemicals of concern in the sediment | item											8
Number of commercial drum conditioning facilities | item											2
Number of landfills tested by the entity for environmental matters and litigation related to historical PFAS manufacturing operations | item											4
Environmental Matters - Other Environmental Litigation | New Jersey | Minimum
Loss contingencies
Number of unnamed defendant | defendant														120

Commitments and Contingencies_5

Commitments and Contingencies - Product Liability (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)lawsuitperson
Product Liability - Bair Hugger
Product Liability Litigation
Number of lawsuits filed	23
Number of plaintiffs | person	26
Accrued loss contingency reserve | $	$ 0
Product Liability - Bair Hugger | United States
Product Liability Litigation
Number of lawsuits filed	23
Product Liability - Bair Hugger | Canada.
Product Liability Litigation
Number of putative class action and other lawsuits	1
Product Liability - Bair Hugger | Various federal courts
Product Liability Litigation
Number of plaintiffs | person	5,000
Product Liability - Bair Hugger | Multi-district litigation (MDL)
Product Liability Litigation
Number of lawsuits filed	20
Number of cases stayed	20
Product Liability - Bair Hugger | State court
Product Liability Litigation
Number of lawsuits filed	3
Product Liability - Bair Hugger | State court of Oklahoma
Product Liability Litigation
Number of total claims dismissed	1
Product Liability - Bair Hugger | U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota
Product Liability Litigation
Number of lawsuits filed	61
Product Liability - Bair Hugger and medical malpractice claims | Hidalgo County Texas
Product Liability Litigation
Number of lawsuits pending	1
Product Liability - Bair Hugger and medical malpractice claims | Jackson County Missouri
Product Liability Litigation
Number of lawsuits pending	2
Product Liability - Dual-Ended Combat Arms Earplugs
Product Liability Litigation
Number of lawsuits filed	3,130
Number of putative class action and other lawsuits	14
Number of plaintiffs | person	12,400
Accrued loss contingency reserve | $	$ 0
Product Liability - Dual-Ended Combat Arms Earplugs | Multi-district litigation (MDL)
Product Liability Litigation
Number of plaintiffs | person	3
Number of additional plaintiffs | person	2
Product Liability - Dual-Ended Combat Arms Earplugs | U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
Product Liability Litigation
Number of lawsuits filed	24

Commitments and Contingencies_6

Commitments and Contingencies - Securities Litigation (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020lawsuit
State court in Minnesota | Securities Litigation
Loss contingencies
Number of derivative lawsuits filed	2

Commitments and Contingencies_7

Commitments and Contingencies - Federal False Claims Act / Qui Tam Litigation (Details) - Federal False Claims Act / Qui Tam Litigation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020lawsuitperson
Loss contingencies
Number of actions declined to intervene	2
Number of lawsuits pending	2
Number of former employees | person	2
Godecke case
Loss contingencies
Number of lawsuits pending	1

Leases - Components of lease ex

Leases - Components of lease expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Lease expense
Operating lease cost	$ 348	$ 308
Amortization of assets	21	20
Interest on lease liabilities	1	2
Variable Lease, Cost	101	93
Total net lease cost	$ 471	$ 423

Leases - Supplemental balance s

Leases - Supplemental balance sheet information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Operating leases:
Operating lease right of use assets	$ 864	$ 858
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Operating lease right of use assets
Current operating lease liabilities	$ 256	247
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Current operating lease liabilities
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	$ 609	607
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Noncurrent operating lease liabilities
Present value of future minimum lease payments	$ 865	854
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
Finance leases:
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 26,650	26,124
Accumulated amortization	(17,229)	(16,791)
Property, Plant and Equipment - net	9,421	9,333
Current obligations of finance leases	$ 22	21
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Current obligations of finance leases
Finance lease obligations	$ 93	111
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Finance lease obligations
Finance Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent
Present value of future minimum lease payments	$ 115	$ 132
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years):
Operating leases weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	5 years 7 months 6 days	5 years 8 months 12 days
Finance leases weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	7 years 7 months 6 days	9 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases weighted average discount rate (as a percent)	2.40%	3.20%
Finance leases weighted average discount rate (as a percent)	3.50%	3.80%
Property and equipment finance leases
Finance leases:
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 225	$ 239
Accumulated amortization	(106)	(102)
Property, Plant and Equipment - net	$ 119	$ 137

Leases - Supplemental cash flow

Leases - Supplemental cash flow and other information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 326	$ 309
Operating cash flows from finance leases	1	2
Financing cash flows from finance leases	58	18
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities:
Operating leases	250	326
Finance leases	$ 18	61
Gain on sale leaseback transactions, net		$ 82

Leases - Sale and Leased-backed

Leases - Sale and Leased-backed asset and obligation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Property, plant and equipment - at cost
Finance lease asset	$ 9,421		$ 9,333
Finance lease liability	$ 115		$ 132
Constructed machinery and equipment | Municipal securities
Property, plant and equipment - at cost
Finance lease asset				$ 9
Finance lease liability		$ 10		$ 9

Leases - Maturities of lease li

Leases - Maturities of lease liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Finance Leases
2021	$ 20
2022	18
2023	18
2024	16
2025	10
After 2025	41
Total	123
Less: Amounts representing interest	8
Present value of future minimum lease payments	115	$ 132
Less: Current obligations	22	21
Long-term obligations	93	111
Operating Leases
2021	273
2022	201
2023	141
2024	93
2025	60
After 2025	162
Total	930
Less: Amounts representing interest	65
Present value of future minimum lease payments	865	854
Current operating lease liabilities	256	247
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	$ 609	$ 607
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent

Leases - Operating leases not y

Leases - Operating leases not yet commenced (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)
Leases
Additional operating lease commitments that have not yet commenced	$ 18

Leases - Disclosures related to

Leases - Disclosures related to periods prior to adoption of new lease standard (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Leases
Rental expense under operating leases	$ 393

Stock-Based Compensation (Detai

Stock-Based Compensation (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020USD ($)individualshares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Activity
Number of participants with outstanding options, restricted stock, or restricted stock units | individual	8,000
Retirement age eligibility for employees | $	55
Retirement eligibility for employees, minimum years of service required	10 years
Percent of stock-based compensation related to retiree-eligible population (as a percent)	35.00%
Long Term Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Activity
Number of shares authorized	123,965,000
Number of shares available for grant	16,000,000

Stock-Based Compensation - Comp

Stock-Based Compensation - Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Amounts recognized in the financial statements
Stock-based compensation programs expense	$ 262	$ 278	$ 302
Income tax benefits	(82)	(141)	(154)
Stock-based compensation expenses (benefits), net of tax	180	137	148
Cost of sales
Amounts recognized in the financial statements
Stock-based compensation programs expense	50	47	48
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Amounts recognized in the financial statements
Stock-based compensation programs expense	169	185	207
Research, development and related expenses
Amounts recognized in the financial statements
Stock-based compensation programs expense	$ 43	$ 46	$ 47

Stock-Based Compensation - Stoc

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Options (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Share- based compensation assumptions
Weighted average exercise price	$ 157.24	$ 201.12	$ 233.63
Risk-free interest rate (as a percent)	1.50%	2.60%	2.70%
Dividend yield (as a percent)	2.70%	2.50%	2.40%
Expected volatility (as a percent)	19.70%	20.40%	21.00%
Expected life	78 months	79 months	78 months
Black-Scholes fair value	$ 21.58	$ 34.19	$ 41.59
Stock Options
Stock Option Program
Balance at the beginning of the period	33,675	34,569	34,965
Granted - Annual	4,777	3,434	3,211
Exercised	(2,759)	(4,193)	(3,482)
Forfeited	(292)	(135)	(125)
Balance at the end of the period	35,401	33,675	34,569
Options exercisable	27,537	26,487	26,117
Options exercisable, exercise price	$ 149.67	$ 136.75	$ 121.98
Weighted average exercise price - Beginning balance	151.15	138.98	125.73
Weighted average exercise price - Granted - Annual	157.25	200.80	233.19
Weighted average exercise price - Exercised	93.23	89.89	91.01
Weighted average exercise price - Forfeited	181.33	201.27	188
Weighted average exercise price - Ending balance	$ 156.23	$ 151.15	$ 138.98
Weighted average remaining contractual life for options outstanding	63 months
Weighted average remaining contractual life for options exercisable	51 months
Aggregate intrinsic value for options outstanding	$ 929
Aggregate intrinsic value for options exercisable	$ 847
Expiration of annual grants	10 years
Compensation expense yet to be recognized	$ 56
Expense recognition period	20 months
Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised	$ 206	$ 433	$ 469
Cash received from options exercised	256	375	316
Tax benefit realized from exercise of stock options	$ 44	$ 91	$ 99
Stock Options | Maximum
Stock Option Program
Vesting period	3 years
Stock Options | Minimum
Stock Option Program
Vesting period	1 year

Stock-Based Compensation - RSU,

Stock-Based Compensation - RSU, RS, Performance Shares (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units
Unit and Shares Activity:
Number of Shares - Nonvested - Beginning balance	1,573	1,789	1,994
Number of Shares - Granted - Annual	733	564	467
Number of Shares - Granted - Other	45	15	8
Number of Shares - Vested	(570)	(732)	(640)
Number of Shares - Forfeited	(59)	(63)	(40)
Number of Shares - Nonvested - Ending balance	1,722	1,573	1,789
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Additional Disclosures
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Nonvested - Beginning balance	$ 201.11	$ 180.02	$ 162.60
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Granted - Annual	157.29	200.41	233.61
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Granted - Other	159.49	180.08	207.76
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Vested	176.20	149.33	164.83
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Forfeited	196.31	192.52	186.48
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Nonvested - Ending balance	$ 189.78	$ 201.11	$ 180.02
Compensation expense yet to be recognized	$ 79,000,000
Expense recognition period	23 months
Fair value that vested	$ 91,000,000	$ 144,000,000	$ 155,000,000
Tax benefit realized from vesting	$ 26,000,000	$ 28,000,000	$ 29,000,000
Vesting or performance period	3 years
Value of dividend equivalents for restricted stock units that are forfeited	$ 0
Impact on basic earnings per share due to restricted stock units dividends	$ 0
Performance Shares
Unit and Shares Activity:
Number of Shares - Nonvested - Beginning balance	444	562	686
Number of Shares - Granted - Annual	203	166	166
Number of Shares - Vested	(206)	(210)	(206)
Number of Shares - Performance Change	25	(48)	(56)
Number of Shares - Forfeited	(43)	(26)	(28)
Number of Shares - Nonvested - Ending balance	423	444	562
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Additional Disclosures
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Nonvested - Beginning balance	$ 205.58	$ 188.96	$ 171.90
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Granted - Annual	153.16	207.49	229.13
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Vested	190.84	162.16	159.82
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Performance Change	166.49	204.73	198.39
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Forfeited	172.92	209.96	204.09
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value - Nonvested - Ending balance	$ 188.61	$ 205.58	$ 188.96
Compensation expense yet to be recognized	$ 17,000,000
Expense recognition period	20 months
Fair value that vested	$ 35,000,000	$ 45,000,000	$ 48,000,000
Tax benefit realized from vesting	$ 7,000,000	$ 9,000,000	$ 11,000,000
Vesting or performance period	3 years
Performance shares awarded at estimated number of shares at the end of the performance period	100.00%
Performance Shares | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Additional Disclosures
Expense recognition period	3 years
Number of shares to be delivered based on percent of each performance share granted upon satisfaction of performance conditions	200.00%
Performance Shares | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Additional Disclosures
Expense recognition period	1 year
Number of shares to be delivered based on percent of each performance share granted upon satisfaction of performance conditions	0.00%

Stock-Based Compensation - Gene

Stock-Based Compensation - General Employees Stock Purchase Plan (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Activity
Weighted-average fair value	$ 21.58	$ 34.19	$ 41.59
Allocated Share Based Compensation Expense	$ 262	$ 278	$ 302
General Employees' Stock Purchase Plan (GESPP)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Activity
Number of shares authorized	60
Option price, percentage of market value at date of grant	85.00%
Weighted-average fair value	$ 23.47	$ 27.14	$ 31.91
Option price, discount from market value at date of grant	15.00%
Allocated Share Based Compensation Expense	$ 31	$ 30	$ 30

Business Segments and Geograp_3

Business Segments and Geographic Information (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020segment
Business Segment Information
Number of business segments | segment		4
Business Segments in Aggregate
Business Segment Information
Increase (decrease) in net sales due to continued alignment of customer account activity	$ (42)
Increase (decrease) in operating income due to continued alignment of customer account activity	(10)
Safety and Industrial
Business Segment Information
Increase (decrease) in net sales due to additional actions impacting business segment reporting	(35)
Increase (decrease) in operating income due to additional actions impacting business segment reporting	(11)
Consumer
Business Segment Information
Increase (decrease) in net sales due to additional actions impacting business segment reporting	35
Increase (decrease) in operating income due to additional actions impacting business segment reporting	11
Elimination of Dual Credit
Business Segment Information
Increase (decrease) in net sales due to continued alignment of customer account activity	(42)
Increase (decrease) in operating income due to continued alignment of customer account activity	$ (10)

Business Segments and Geograp_4

Business Segments and Geographic Information - Business Segment Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Business Segment Information
Net sales	$ 32,184	$ 32,136	$ 32,765
Operating Income	7,161	6,174	7,207
Assets	47,344	44,659
Depreciation and amortization	1,911	1,593	1,488
Capital expenditures	1,501	1,699	1,577
Property, Plant and Equipment - net	9,421	9,333
Gain/(loss) on sale of businesses	389	114	547
Total operating expenses	25,023	25,962	25,558
Other expense (income), net	450	462	207
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Equity Method Investments, Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest	6,711	5,712	7,000
Safety and Industrial
Business Segment Information
Net sales	11,767	11,514	12,414
Operating Income	3,054	2,510	2,860
Assets	11,711	11,682
Depreciation and amortization	562	509	493
Capital expenditures	451	391	375
Transportation and Electronics
Business Segment Information
Net sales	8,827	9,591	10,104
Operating Income	1,927	2,221	2,643
Assets	6,997	6,871
Depreciation and amortization	429	401	390
Capital expenditures	454	390	339
Health Care
Business Segment Information
Net sales	8,345	7,431	6,821
Operating Income	1,828	1,858	1,918
Assets	14,531	14,790
Depreciation and amortization	626	392	262
Capital expenditures	251	264	245
Consumer
Business Segment Information
Net sales	5,336	5,151	5,127
Operating Income	1,249	1,124	1,084
Assets	2,567	2,428
Depreciation and amortization	140	134	126
Capital expenditures	120	130	115
Business Segments.
Business Segment Information
Operating Income	7,524	7,304	8,069
Corporate and Unallocated
Business Segment Information
Net sales	(1)	110	50
Assets	11,538	8,888
Depreciation and amortization	154	157	217
Capital expenditures	225	524	503
Significant litigation-related (charges)/benefits	(17)	(762)	(897)
Gain/(loss) on sale of businesses	389	114	547
Divestiture-related restructuring actions	(55)		(127)
Other corporate expense - net	(680)	(482)	(385)
Total operating expenses	363	1,130	862
Elimination of Dual Credit
Business Segment Information
Net sales	(2,090)	(1,661)	(1,751)
Operating Income	(534)	(409)	$ (436)
Americas
Business Segment Information
Property, Plant and Equipment - net	5,752	5,873
Asia Pacific
Business Segment Information
Property, Plant and Equipment - net	1,662	1,637
Europe, Middle East and Africa
Business Segment Information
Property, Plant and Equipment - net	2,007	1,823
United States
Business Segment Information
Property, Plant and Equipment - net	5,358	5,442
China/Hong Kong
Business Segment Information
Property, Plant and Equipment - net	$ 583	$ 553

Quarterly Data (Unaudited) (Det

Quarterly Data (Unaudited) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Quarterly Data (Unaudited)
Net Sales	$ 8,583	$ 8,350	$ 7,176	$ 8,075	$ 8,111	$ 7,991	$ 8,171	$ 7,863	$ 32,184	$ 32,136	$ 32,765
Cost of sales	4,388	4,303	3,805	4,109	4,325	4,188	4,313	4,310	16,605	17,136	16,682
Net income including noncontrolling interest	1,390	1,417	1,287	1,294	970	1,588	1,131	893	5,388	4,582	5,363
Net income attributable to 3M	$ 1,389	$ 1,413	$ 1,290	$ 1,292	$ 969	$ 1,583	$ 1,127	$ 891	$ 5,384	$ 4,570	$ 5,349
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - basic (in dollars per share)	$ 2.40	$ 2.45	$ 2.24	$ 2.24	$ 1.68	$ 2.75	$ 1.95	$ 1.54	$ 9.32	$ 7.92	$ 9.09
Earnings per share attributable to 3M common shareholders - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 2.38	$ 2.43	$ 2.22	$ 2.22	$ 1.66	$ 2.72	$ 1.92	$ 1.51	$ 9.25	$ 7.81	$ 8.89

Quarterly Data (Unaudited) - Ad

Quarterly Data (Unaudited) - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended					12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020USD ($)$ / shares	Mar. 31, 2020USD ($)$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)$ / shares	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)$ / shares	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)$ / shares
Quarterly Data (Unaudited)
Charges related to litigation for PFAS (certain perfluorinated compounds) matters		$ 17
Charges related to litigation for PFAS (certain perfluorinated compounds) matters, net		13
Tax expense reduction from resolution of Natural Resources Damages (NRD) lawsuit with State of Minnesota		52
After tax benefit due to resolution of litigation		$ 39
Impact on diluted earnings per share due to resolution of litigation | $ / shares		0.07
Aggregate gain on sale of businesses	$ 303					$ 129
Impact on diluted earnings related to aggregate gain on sale of businesses | $ / shares	0.52					0.22
Divestiture-related restructuring charges	$ 46
Impact on diluted earnings per share related to divestiture-related restructuring charges | $ / shares	$ 0.08
Net income adjustment due to significant litigation-related charges related to historical PFAS (certain perfluorinated compounds) manufacturing operations and coal mine dust respirator mask lawsuits						$ 590
Impact on diluted earnings per share due to significant litigation-related charges related to historical PFAS (certain perfluorinated compounds) manufacturing operations and coal mine dust respirator mask lawsuits | $ / shares						$ 1.01
Initial net income adjustment due to significant litigation-related charges related to historical PFAS (certain perfluorinated compounds) manufacturing operations and coal mine dust respirator mask lawsuits					$ 424
Initial impact on diluted earnings per share due to significant litigation-related charges related to historical PFAS (certain perfluorinated compounds) manufacturing operations and coal mine dust respirator mask lawsuits | $ / shares					$ 0.72
Subsequent net income adjustment due to significant litigation-related charges related to historical PFAS (certain perfluorinated compounds) manufacturing operations and coal mine dust respirator mask lawsuits			$ 166
Subsequent impact on diluted earnings per share due to significant litigation-related charges related to historical PFAS (certain perfluorinated compounds) manufacturing operations and coal mine dust respirator mask lawsuits | $ / shares			$ 0.29
Net income adjustment related to deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary				$ 162
Impact on diluted earnings related to deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiary | $ / shares				$ 0.28