Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses Loans, Net of Unearned Income Loans, net of unearned income are summarized as follows: September 30, December 31, 2016 (in thousands) Real-estate - commercial mortgage $ 6,275,140 $ 6,018,582 Commercial - industrial, financial and agricultural 4,223,075 4,087,486 Real-estate - residential mortgage 1,887,907 1,601,994 Real-estate - home equity 1,567,473 1,625,115 Real-estate - construction 973,108 843,649 Consumer 302,448 291,470 Leasing and other 278,658 246,704 Overdrafts 3,400 3,662 Loans, gross of unearned income 15,511,209 14,718,662 Unearned income (24,310 ) (19,390 ) Loans, net of unearned income $ 15,486,899 $ 14,699,272 Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of incurred losses in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date and is recorded as a reduction to loans. The reserve for unfunded lending commitments represents management’s estimate of incurred losses in its unfunded loan commitments and is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The allowance for credit losses is increased by charges to expense, through the provision for credit losses, and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries. The Corporation’s allowance for credit losses includes: (1) specific allowances allocated to loans evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35; and (2) allowances calculated for pools of loans measured for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20. The Corporation segments its loan portfolio by general loan type, or "portfolio segments," as presented in the table under the heading, "Loans, Net of Unearned Income," above. Certain portfolio segments are further disaggregated and evaluated collectively for impairment based on "class segments," which are largely based on the type of collateral underlying each loan. Commercial loans include both secured and unsecured loans. Construction loan class segments include loans secured by commercial real estate, loans to commercial borrowers secured by residential real estate and loans to individuals secured by residential real estate. Consumer loan class segments include direct consumer installment loans and indirect vehicle loans. The following table presents the components of the allowance for credit losses: September 30, December 31, (in thousands) Allowance for loan losses $ 172,245 $ 168,679 Reserve for unfunded lending commitments 2,504 2,646 Allowance for credit losses $ 174,749 $ 171,325 The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses: Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30 2017 2016 2017 2016 (in thousands) Balance at beginning of period $ 174,998 $ 165,108 $ 171,325 $ 171,412 Loans charged off (7,795 ) (7,672 ) (25,917 ) (29,573 ) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 2,471 3,592 12,766 15,148 Net loans charged off (5,324 ) (4,080 ) (13,151 ) (14,425 ) Provision for credit losses 5,075 4,141 16,575 8,182 Balance at end of period $ 174,749 $ 165,169 $ 174,749 $ 165,169 The Corporation has historically maintained an unallocated allowance for credit losses for factors and conditions that exist at the balance sheet date, but are not specifically identifiable, and to recognize the inherent imprecision in estimating and measuring loss exposure. In 2017, enhancements were made to allow for the impact of these factors and conditions to be quantified in the allowance allocation process. Accordingly, an unallocated allowance for credit losses is no longer necessary. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment: Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage Commercial - Industrial, Financial and Agricultural Real Estate - Home Equity Real Estate - Residential Mortgage Real Estate - Construction Consumer Leasing, other and overdrafts Unallocated Total (in thousands) Three months ended September 30, 2017 Balance at June 30, 2017 $ 57,372 $ 67,642 $ 17,456 $ 16,439 $ 9,534 $ 1,794 $ 2,105 $ — $ 172,342 Loans charged off (483 ) (2,714 ) (547 ) (195 ) (2,744 ) (373 ) (739 ) — (7,795 ) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 106 665 252 219 629 193 407 — 2,471 Net loans charged off (377 ) (2,049 ) (295 ) 24 (2,115 ) (180 ) (332 ) — (5,324 ) Provision for loan losses (1) (2,008 ) 5,392 1,297 220 (283 ) 383 226 — 5,227 Balance at Sept 30, 2017 $ 54,987 $ 70,985 $ 18,458 $ 16,683 $ 7,136 $ 1,997 $ 1,999 $ — $ 172,245 Three months ended September 30, 2016 Balance at June 30, 2016 $ 43,740 $ 51,755 $ 26,170 $ 21,226 $ 5,772 $ 2,984 $ 2,518 $ 8,381 $ 162,546 Loans charged off (1,350 ) (3,144 ) (709 ) (802 ) (150 ) (685 ) (832 ) — (7,672 ) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 296 1,539 241 228 898 222 168 — 3,592 Net loans charged off (1,054 ) (1,605 ) (468 ) (574 ) 748 (463 ) (664 ) — (4,080 ) Provision for loan losses (1) 3,171 (1,871 ) 1,419 1,452 23 852 1,075 (2,061 ) 4,060 Balance at September 30, 2016 $ 45,857 $ 48,279 $ 27,121 $ 22,104 $ 6,543 $ 3,373 $ 2,929 $ 6,320 $ 162,526 Nine months ended September 30, 2017 Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 46,842 $ 54,353 $ 26,801 $ 22,929 $ 6,455 $ 3,574 $ 3,192 $ 4,533 $ 168,679 Loans charged off (1,949 ) (13,594 ) (1,837 ) (535 ) (3,765 ) (1,659 ) (2,578 ) — (25,917 ) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 1,490 6,830 604 600 1,550 899 793 — 12,766 Net loans charged off (459 ) (6,764 ) (1,233 ) 65 (2,215 ) (760 ) (1,785 ) — (13,151 ) Provision for loan losses (1) 8,604 23,396 (7,110 ) (6,311 ) 2,896 (817 ) 592 (4,533 ) 16,717 Balance at September 30, 2017 $ 54,987 $ 70,985 $ 18,458 $ 16,683 $ 7,136 $ 1,997 $ 1,999 $ — $ 172,245 Nine months ended September 30, 2016 Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 47,866 $ 57,098 $ 22,405 $ 21,375 $ 6,529 $ 2,585 $ 2,468 $ 8,728 $ 169,054 Loans charged off (3,406 ) (13,957 ) (3,295 ) (2,210 ) (1,218 ) (2,261 ) (3,226 ) — (29,573 ) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 2,488 6,789 929 784 2,844 957 357 — 15,148 Net loans charged off (918 ) (7,168 ) (2,366 ) (1,426 ) 1,626 (1,304 ) (2,869 ) — (14,425 ) Provision for loan losses (1) (1,091 ) (1,651 ) 7,082 2,155 (1,612 ) 2,092 3,330 (2,408 ) 7,897 Balance at September 30, 2016 $ 45,857 $ 48,279 $ 27,121 $ 22,104 $ 6,543 $ 3,373 $ 2,929 $ 6,320 $ 162,526 (1) The provision for loan losses excluded decreases of $152,000 and $142,000 in the reserve for unfunded lending commitments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , respectively and increases of $81,000 and $ 285,000 in the reserve for unfunded lending commitments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The following table presents loans, net of unearned income and their related allowance for loan losses, by portfolio segment: Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage Commercial - Industrial, Financial and Agricultural Real Estate - Home Equity Real Estate - Residential Mortgage Real Estate - Construction Consumer Leasing, other and overdrafts Unallocated Total (in thousands) Allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2017: Measured for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20 $ 47,261 $ 55,486 $ 7,632 $ 6,488 $ 5,702 $ 1,976 $ 1,999 $ — $ 126,544 Evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 7,726 15,499 10,826 10,195 1,434 21 — N/A 45,701 $ 54,987 $ 70,985 $ 18,458 $ 16,683 $ 7,136 $ 1,997 $ 1,999 $ — $ 172,245 Loans, net of unearned income at September 30, 2017: Measured for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20 $ 6,228,935 $ 4,162,857 $ 1,543,551 $ 1,845,329 $ 959,584 $ 302,415 $ 257,748 N/A $ 15,300,419 Evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 46,205 60,218 23,922 42,578 13,524 33 — N/A 186,480 $ 6,275,140 $ 4,223,075 $ 1,567,473 $ 1,887,907 $ 973,108 $ 302,448 $ 257,748 N/A $ 15,486,899 Allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2016: Measured for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20 $ 36,151 $ 38,858 $ 17,828 $ 10,410 $ 4,422 $ 3,346 $ 2,929 $ 6,320 $ 120,264 Evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 9,706 9,421 9,293 11,694 2,121 27 — N/A 42,262 $ 45,857 $ 48,279 $ 27,121 $ 22,104 $ 6,543 $ 3,373 $ 2,929 $ 6,320 $ 162,526 Loans, net of unearned income at September 30, 2016: Measured for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20 $ 5,763,863 $ 3,972,461 $ 1,621,731 $ 1,496,461 $ 850,315 $ 283,633 $ 219,780 N/A $ 14,208,244 Evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 55,052 51,658 18,690 46,235 11,319 40 — N/A 182,994 $ 5,818,915 $ 4,024,119 $ 1,640,421 $ 1,542,696 $ 861,634 $ 283,673 $ 219,780 N/A $ 14,391,238 N/A - Not applicable. Impaired Loans A loan is considered to be impaired if it is probable that all amounts will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans consist of all loans on non-accrual status and accruing troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs"). An allowance for loan losses is established for an impaired loan if its carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value. Impaired loans to borrowers with total outstanding commitments greater than or equal to $1.0 million are evaluated individually for impairment. Impaired loans to borrowers with total outstanding commitments less than $1.0 million are pooled and measured for impairment collectively. All loans individually evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 are measured for losses on a quarterly basis. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , substantially all of the Corporation’s individually evaluated impaired loans with total outstanding balances greater than or equal to $1.0 million were measured based on the estimated fair value of each loan’s collateral. Collateral could be in the form of real estate, in the case of impaired commercial mortgages and construction loans, or business assets, such as accounts receivable or inventory, in the case of commercial and industrial loans. Commercial and industrial loans may also be secured by real property. As of September 30, 2017 and 2016 , approximately 95% and 73% , respectively, of impaired loans with principal balances greater than or equal to $1.0 million , whose primary collateral is real estate, were measured at estimated fair value of the collateral using appraisals performed by state certified third-party appraisers that had been updated in the preceding 12 months. When updated appraisals are not obtained for loans evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 that are secured by real estate, fair values are estimated based on the original appraisal values, as long as the original appraisal indicated an acceptable loan-to-value position and, in the opinion of the Corporation's internal credit administration staff, there has not been a significant deterioration in the collateral value since the original appraisal was performed. Original appraisals are typically used only when the estimated collateral value, as adjusted for the age of the appraisal, results in a current loan-to-value ratio that is lower than the Corporation's loan-to-value requirements for new loans, generally less than 70% . The following table presents total impaired loans by class segment: September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Related Allowance Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Related Allowance (in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Real estate - commercial mortgage $ 24,722 $ 21,000 $ — $ 28,757 $ 25,447 $ — Commercial - secured 32,738 30,053 — 29,296 25,526 — Real estate - residential mortgage 4,603 4,603 — 4,689 4,689 — Construction - commercial residential 14,086 9,450 — 6,271 4,795 — 76,149 65,106 69,013 60,457 With a related allowance recorded: Real estate - commercial mortgage 32,770 25,205 7,726 37,132 29,446 10,162 Commercial - secured 33,481 29,189 14,974 27,767 22,626 13,198 Commercial - unsecured 1,236 976 525 1,122 823 455 Real estate - home equity 27,739 23,922 10,826 23,971 19,205 9,511 Real estate - residential mortgage 43,979 37,975 10,195 48,885 41,359 11,897 Construction - commercial residential 6,119 2,883 1,006 10,103 4,206 1,300 Construction - commercial 186 100 36 681 435 145 Construction - other 1,096 1,091 392 1,096 1,096 423 Consumer - direct 24 19 13 21 21 14 Consumer - indirect 14 14 8 19 19 12 146,644 121,374 45,701 150,797 119,236 47,117 Total $ 222,793 $ 186,480 $ 45,701 $ 219,810 $ 179,693 $ 47,117 As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , there were $65.1 million and $60.5 million , respectively, of impaired loans that did not have a related allowance for loan loss. The estimated fair values of the collateral securing these loans exceeded their carrying amount, or they were previously charged down to realizable collateral values. Accordingly, no specific valuation allowance was considered to be necessary. The following table presents average impaired loans by class segment: Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30 2017 2016 2017 2016 Average Interest Average Interest Average Interest Average Interest (in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Real estate - commercial mortgage $ 21,698 $ 72 $ 25,048 $ 78 $ 22,770 $ 213 $ 23,929 219 Commercial - secured 33,044 46 23,836 32 29,309 128 18,400 68 Real estate - residential mortgage 4,616 27 6,151 33 4,645 79 5,826 96 Construction - commercial residential 8,747 5 5,734 10 6,745 11 6,658 45 Construction - commercial 295 — — — 298 — — — 68,400 150 60,769 153 63,767 431 54,813 428 With a related allowance recorded: Real estate - commercial mortgage 25,910 86 29,139 91 27,518 259 32,310 303 Commercial - secured 24,334 33 21,688 29 23,291 96 26,665 100 Commercial - unsecured 818 1 953 1 806 1 903 3 Real estate - home equity 22,837 150 18,283 76 20,957 362 17,589 203 Real estate - residential mortgage 38,329 225 40,913 221 39,584 680 42,399 683 Construction - commercial residential 5,047 4 4,947 8 5,397 11 5,568 37 Construction - commercial 113 — 476 — 186 — 546 — Construction - other 1,091 — 756 — 1,094 — 579 — Consumer - direct 19 — 19 — 19 — 17 1 Consumer - indirect 15 — 11 — 17 — 14 — Leasing, other and overdrafts — — — — 356 — 712 — 118,513 499 117,185 426 119,225 1,409 127,302 1,330 Total $ 186,913 $ 649 $ 177,954 $ 579 $ 182,992 $ 1,840 $ 182,115 1,758 (1) All impaired loans, excluding accruing TDRs, were non-accrual loans. Interest income recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 represents amounts earned on accruing TDRs. Credit Quality Indicators and Non-performing Assets The following is a summary of the Corporation's internal risk rating categories: • Pass : These loans do not currently pose undue credit risk and can range from the highest to average quality, depending on the degree of potential risk. • Special Mention : These loans constitute an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to a point of justifying a classification of substandard. Loans in this category are currently acceptable, but are nevertheless potentially weak. • Substandard or Lower : These loans are inadequately protected by current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower. There exists a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the normal repayment of the debt. The following table presents internal credit risk ratings for the indicated loan class segments: Pass Special Mention Substandard or Lower Total September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands) Real estate - commercial mortgage $ 6,028,523 $ 5,763,122 $ 118,947 $ 132,484 $ 127,670 $ 122,976 $ 6,275,140 $ 6,018,582 Commercial - secured 3,807,138 3,686,152 98,639 128,873 183,181 118,527 4,088,958 3,933,552 Commercial - unsecured 127,561 145,922 3,474 4,481 3,082 3,531 134,117 153,934 Total commercial - industrial, financial and agricultural 3,934,699 3,832,074 102,113 133,354 186,263 122,058 4,223,075 4,087,486 Construction - commercial residential 134,786 113,570 6,746 15,447 14,595 13,172 156,127 142,189 Construction - commercial 743,111 635,963 4,418 3,412 3,869 5,115 751,398 644,490 Total construction (excluding Construction - other) 877,897 749,533 11,164 18,859 18,464 18,287 907,525 786,679 $ 10,841,119 $ 10,344,729 $ 232,224 $ 284,697 $ 332,397 $ 263,321 $ 11,405,740 $ 10,892,747 % of Total 95.1 % 95.0 % 2.0 % 2.6 % 2.9 % 2.4 % 100.0 % 100.0 % The risk rating process allows management to identify credits that potentially carry more risk in a timely manner and to allocate resources to managing troubled accounts. The Corporation believes that internal risk ratings are the most relevant credit quality indicator for the class segments presented above. The migration of loans through the various internal risk rating categories is a significant component of the allowance for credit loss methodology, which bases the probability of default on this migration. Assigning risk ratings involves judgment. The Corporation's loan review officers provide an independent assessment of risk rating accuracy. Ratings may be changed based on the ongoing monitoring procedures performed by loan officers or credit administration staff, or if specific loan review activities identify a deterioration or an improvement in the loan. The Corporation does not assign internal risk ratings to smaller balance, homogeneous loans, such as home equity, residential mortgage, construction loans to individuals secured by residential real estate, consumer and lease receivables. For these loans, the most relevant credit quality indicator is delinquency status. The migration of loans through the various delinquency status categories is a significant component of the allowance for credit losses methodology for those loans, which bases the probability of default on this migration. The following table presents a summary of performing, delinquent and non-performing loans for the indicated loan class segments: Performing Delinquent (1) Non-performing (2) Total September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands) Real estate - home equity $ 1,542,289 $ 1,602,687 $ 12,955 $ 9,274 $ 12,229 $ 13,154 $ 1,567,473 $ 1,625,115 Real estate - residential mortgage 1,845,495 1,557,995 20,769 20,344 21,643 23,655 1,887,907 1,601,994 Construction - other 64,110 55,874 382 — 1,091 1,096 65,583 56,970 Consumer - direct 55,490 93,572 158 1,752 63 1,563 55,711 96,887 Consumer - indirect 243,723 190,656 2,834 3,599 180 328 246,737 194,583 Total consumer 299,213 284,228 2,992 5,351 243 1,891 302,448 291,470 Leasing 256,784 229,591 884 1,068 80 317 257,748 230,976 $ 4,007,891 $ 3,730,375 $ 37,982 $ 36,037 $ 35,286 $ 40,113 $ 4,081,159 $ 3,806,525 % of Total 98.2 % 98.0 % 0.9 % 0.9 % 0.9 % 1.1 % 100.0 % 100.0 % (1) Includes all accruing loans 30 days to 89 days past due. (2) Includes all accruing loans 90 days or more past due and all non-accrual loans. The following table presents non-performing assets: September 30, December 31, (in thousands) Non-accrual loans $ 123,345 $ 120,133 Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing 13,124 11,505 Total non-performing loans 136,469 131,638 Other real estate owned (OREO) 10,542 12,815 Total non-performing assets $ 147,011 $ 144,453 The following tables present past due status and non-accrual loans by portfolio segment and class segment: September 30, 2017 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due ≥ 90 Days Past Due and Accruing Non- accrual Total ≥ 90 Days Total Past Due Current Total (in thousands) Real estate - commercial mortgage $ 10,276 $ 2,297 $ 2,884 $ 31,766 $ 34,650 $ 47,223 $ 6,227,917 $ 6,275,140 Commercial - secured 8,382 2,378 1,503 51,787 53,290 64,050 4,024,908 4,088,958 Commercial - unsecured 114 34 — 919 919 1,067 133,050 134,117 Total commercial - industrial, financial and agricultural 8,496 2,412 1,503 52,706 54,209 65,117 4,157,958 4,223,075 Real estate - home equity 11,192 1,763 3,096 9,133 12,229 25,184 1,542,289 1,567,473 Real estate - residential mortgage 15,106 5,663 5,258 16,385 21,643 42,412 1,845,495 1,887,907 Construction - commercial residential 400 18 60 12,164 12,224 12,642 143,485 156,127 Construction - commercial 366 — — 100 100 466 750,932 751,398 Construction - other 382 — — 1,091 1,091 1,473 64,110 65,583 Total real estate - construction 1,148 18 60 13,355 13,415 14,581 958,527 973,108 Consumer - direct 118 40 63 — 63 221 55,490 55,711 Consumer - indirect 2,393 441 180 — 180 3,014 243,723 246,737 Total consumer 2,511 481 243 — 243 3,235 299,213 302,448 Leasing, other and overdrafts 764 120 80 — 80 964 256,784 257,748 Total $ 49,493 $ 12,754 $ 13,124 $ 123,345 $ 136,469 $ 198,716 $ 15,288,183 $ 15,486,899 December 31, 2016 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due ≥ 90 Days Past Due and Accruing Non- accrual Total ≥ 90 Days Total Past Due Current Total (in thousands) Real estate - commercial mortgage $ 6,254 $ 1,622 $ 383 $ 38,936 $ 39,319 $ 47,195 $ 5,971,387 $ 6,018,582 Commercial - secured 6,660 2,616 959 41,589 42,548 51,824 3,881,728 3,933,552 Commercial - unsecured 898 35 152 760 912 1,845 152,089 153,934 Total commercial - industrial, financial and agricultural 7,558 2,651 1,111 42,349 43,460 53,669 4,033,817 4,087,486 Real estate - home equity 6,596 2,678 2,543 10,611 13,154 22,428 1,602,687 1,625,115 Real estate - residential mortgage 15,600 4,744 5,224 18,431 23,655 43,999 1,557,995 1,601,994 Construction - commercial residential 233 51 36 8,275 8,311 8,595 133,594 142,189 Construction - commercial 743 — — 435 435 1,178 643,312 644,490 Construction - other — — — 1,096 1,096 1,096 55,874 56,970 Total real estate - construction 976 51 36 9,806 9,842 10,869 832,780 843,649 Consumer - direct 1,211 541 1,563 — 1,563 3,315 93,572 96,887 Consumer - indirect 3,200 399 328 — 328 3,927 190,656 194,583 Total consumer 4,411 940 1,891 — 1,891 7,242 284,228 291,470 Leasing, other and overdrafts 543 525 317 — 317 1,385 229,591 230,976 Total $ 41,938 $ 13,211 $ 11,505 $ 120,133 $ 131,638 $ 186,787 $ 14,512,485 $ 14,699,272 The following table presents TDRs, by class segment: September 30, December 31, (in thousands) Real-estate - residential mortgage $ 26,193 $ 27,617 Real-estate - commercial mortgage 14,439 15,957 Real estate - home equity 14,789 8,594 Commercial 7,512 6,627 Construction 169 726 Consumer 33 39 Total accruing TDRs 63,135 59,560 Non-accrual TDRs (1) 28,742 27,850 Total TDRs $ 91,877 $ 87,410 (1) Included in non-accrual loans in the preceding table detailing non-performing assets. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , there were $3.8 million and $3.6 million of commitments, respectively, to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were modified under TDRs. The following table presents TDRs, by class segment and type of concession for loans that were modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 : Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30 2017 2016 2017 2016 Number of Loans Post-Modification Recorded Investment Number of Loans Post-Modification Recorded Investment Number of Loans Post-Modification Recorded Investment Number of Loans Post-Modification Recorded Investment (dollars in thousands) Real estate – residential mortgage: Extend maturity with rate concession 2 $ 468 — $ — 2 $ 468 — $ — Extend maturity without rate concession 2 151 — — 4 488 2 $ 315 Bankruptcy — — 2 350 2 335 3 723 Real estate - commercial mortgage: Extend maturity without rate concession 2 1,247 — — 6 2,228 — $ — Bankruptcy — — — — 1 12 — $ — Real estate - home equity: Extend maturity without rate concession 14 1,315 24 1,063 47 3,874 63 $ 3,058 Bankruptcy 6 127 11 563 23 1,643 33 $ 2,279 Commercial: Extend maturity without rate concession 1 160 4 1,826 9 5,853 10 3,802 Bankruptcy — — — — 1 490 — — Commercial – unsecured: Extend maturity without rate concession — — — — 1 33 2 103 Construction - commercial residential: Extend maturity without rate concession — — — — 1 1,204 — — Consumer - direct: Bankruptcy — — — — — — 1 2 Consumer - indirect: Bankruptcy — — 1 21 — — 1 21 Total 27 $ 3,468 42 $ 3,823 97 $ 16,628 115 $ 10,303 The following table presents TDRs, by class segment, as of September 30, 2017 and 2016 , that were modified in the previous 12 months and had a post-modification payment default during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 . The Corporation defines a payment default as a single missed payment. 2017 2016 Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment (dollars in thousands) Real estate - residential mortgage 5 $ 1,321 7 $ 1,395 Real estate - commercial mortgage 3 653 2 129 Real estate - home equity 27 1,598 29 1,902 Commercial 2 264 6 2,593 Commercial - unsecured — — 1 26 Construction - commercial residential 1 1,198 — — Construction - other 1 411 — — Total 39 $ 5,445 45 $ 6,045 |