Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
We are a Hawaii corporation and a bank holding company. Our principal business is to serve as a holding company for our bank subsidiary, Central Pacific Bank. We refer to Central Pacific Bank herein as “our Bank” or “the Bank,” and when we say “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our,” we mean the holding company on a consolidated basis with the Bank and our other consolidated subsidiaries.
Central Pacific Bank is a full-service community bank with 39 branches and more than 95 ATMs located throughout the State of Hawaii. The Bank offers a broad range of products and services including accepting time and demand deposits and originating loans, including commercial loans, construction loans, commercial and residential mortgage loans, and consumer loans. The Bank also has four loan production offices serving customers in California.
On July 31, 2008, we announced that our Board of Directors elected Mr. Ronald K. Migita to succeed Mr. Clint Arnoldus as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and the Bank, effective August 1, 2008. Mr. Migita has been Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company and the Bank since September 2004 and will continue to serve in those roles. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Migita served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of CB Bancshares, Inc. whose principal subsidiary was City Bank, which merged with Central Pacific Financial in 2004. Mr. Migita’s four decades of banking experience includes an extensive background in corporate and retail banking.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires that management make certain judgments and use certain estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported and disclosures made. Accounting estimates are deemed critical when a different estimate could have reasonably been used or where changes in the estimate are reasonably likely to occur from period to period and would materially impact our consolidated financial statements as of or for the periods presented. Management has discussed the development and selection of the critical accounting estimates noted below with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, and the Audit Committee has reviewed the accompanying disclosures.
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
We maintain an allowance for loan and lease losses (the “Allowance”) at an amount we expect to be sufficient to absorb probable losses inherent in our loan and lease portfolio based on a projection of probable net loan charge-offs. For loans classified as impaired, which includes nonaccrual loans, an estimated impairment loss is calculated. To estimate loan charge-offs on other loans, we evaluate the level and trend of nonperforming and potential problem loans and historical loss experience. We also consider other relevant economic conditions and borrower-specific risk characteristics, including current repayment patterns of our borrowers, the fair value of collateral securing specific loans, changes in our lending and underwriting standards and general economic factors, nationally and in the markets we serve, including the real estate market generally and the residential construction market. Estimated loss rates are determined by loan category and risk profile, and an overall required Allowance is calculated. Based on our estimate of the level of Allowance required, a provision for loan and lease losses (the “Provision”) is recorded to maintain the Allowance at an appropriate level. During the current quarter, we increased certain loan loss factors assigned to portions of our portfolio in light of the current economic environment and overall uncertainty in the credit markets. If these loan loss factors had not been increased in the second quarter of 2008, the Provision of $87.8 million would have been lower by $15.5 million.
Since we cannot predict with certainty the amount of loan and lease charge-offs that will be incurred, and because the eventual level of loan and lease charge-offs are impacted by numerous conditions beyond our control, a range of loss estimates could reasonably have been used to determine the Allowance and Provision. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination processes, periodically review our Allowance. Such agencies may require that we recognize additions to the Allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates.
Loans originated with the intent to be held in our portfolio are subsequently transferred to held for sale when a decision is made to sell these loans. At the time of a loan’s transfer to the held for sale account, the loan is recorded at the lower of cost or fair value. Any reduction in the loan’s value is reflected as a write-down of the recorded investment resulting in a new cost basis, with a corresponding reduction in the Allowance.
In subsequent periods, if the fair value of a loan classified as held for sale is less than its cost basis, a valuation adjustment is recognized in our consolidated statement of operations in other operating expense and the carrying value of the loan is adjusted accordingly. The valuation adjustment may be recovered in the event that the fair value increases, which is also recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements in other operating expense.
The fair value of loans classified as held for sale are generally based upon quoted prices for similar assets in active markets, acceptance of firm offer letters with an agreed upon purchase prices, discounted cash flow models that takes into account market observable assumptions, or independent appraisals of the underlying collateral securing the loans.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (“SFAS 142”), we review the carrying amount of goodwill for impairment on an annual basis. Additionally, we perform an impairment assessment of goodwill and other intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill and other intangible assets may not be recoverable. Significant changes in circumstances can be both internal to our strategic and financial direction, as well as changes to the competitive and economic landscape.
Our impairment assessment of goodwill and other intangible assets involves the estimation of future cash flows and the fair value of reporting units to which goodwill is allocated. Estimating future cash flows and determining fair values of the reporting units is only an estimate and often involves the use of significant assumptions. These estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on whether or not an impairment charge is recognized and also the magnitude of the impairment charge.
During the second quarter of 2008, we determined that an impairment test was required under SFAS 142 as the negative effects of the continued deterioration in the California residential construction market contributed to a decrease in our market capitalization. As a result of our impairment test, we concluded that the remaining goodwill associated with our Commercial Real Estate reporting segment, which includes the California residential construction loan portfolio, was impaired and we recorded a non-cash charge of $94.3 million in the second quarter of 2008. Following this impairment charge, our remaining goodwill balance was $150.5 million at June 30, 2008, all of which was attributable to our Hawaii Market reporting segment.
Deferred Tax Assets and Tax Contingencies
We account for income taxes in accordance with SFAS 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” and FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”).
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences and carryforwards. A valuation allowance may be required if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In determining whether a valuation allowance is necessary, we consider the level of taxable income in prior years, to the extent that carrybacks are permitted under current tax laws, as well as estimates of future taxable income and tax planning strategies that could be implemented to accelerate taxable income if necessary. If our estimates of future taxable income were materially overstated, or if our assumptions regarding the tax consequences of tax planning strategies were inaccurate, some or all of our deferred tax assets may not be realized, which would result in a charge to earnings.
We have established income tax contingencies reserves for potential tax liabilities related to uncertain tax positions. Tax benefits are recognized when we determine that it is more likely than not that such benefits will be realized. Where uncertainty exists due to the complexity of income tax statutes, and where the potential tax amounts are significant, we generally seek independent tax opinions to support our positions. If our evaluation of the likelihood of the realization of benefits is inaccurate, we could incur additional income tax and interest expense that would adversely impact earnings, or we could receive tax benefits greater than anticipated which would positively impact earnings.
Defined Benefit Retirement Plan
Defined benefit plan obligations and related assets of our defined benefit retirement plan are presented in Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2007 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. In 2002, the defined benefit retirement plan was curtailed and all plan benefits were fixed as of that date. Plan assets, which consist primarily of marketable equity and debt securities, are typically valued using market quotations. Plan obligations and the annual pension expense are determined by independent actuaries through the use of a number of assumptions. Key assumptions in measuring the plan obligations include the discount rate and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. In determining the discount rate, we utilize a yield that reflects the top 50% of the universe of bonds, ranked in the order of the highest yield. Asset returns are based upon the anticipated average rate of earnings expected on the invested funds of the plans. At December 31, 2007, we used a weighted-average discount rate of 6.5% and an expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 8.0%, which affected the amount of pension liability recorded as of year-end 2007 and the amount of pension expense to be recorded in 2008. For both the discount rate and the asset return rate, a range of estimates could reasonably have been used which would affect the amount of pension expense and pension liability recorded. A 0.25% change in the discount rate assumption would impact 2008 pension expense by $0.1 million and year-end 2007 pension liability by $0.7 million, while a 0.25% change in the asset return rate would impact 2008 pension expense by $0.1 million.
Financial Summary
Continued weakness in the California residential construction market and related declines in collateral values have significantly impacted our operating results during the first half of 2008. Net loss for the second quarter of 2008 was $146.3 million, or $5.10 per diluted share, compared to net income of $21.0 million, or $0.68 per diluted share, for the second quarter of 2007, while net loss for the first six months of 2008 was $144.6 million, or $5.04 per diluted share, compared to net income of $41.2 million, or $1.33 per diluted share in the comparable prior year period. Our results for the current quarter and first six months of 2008 were reflective of the challenging economic environment that we, along with many other financial institutions across the country, continue to experience.
The net loss recognized in the second quarter of 2008 included credit costs of $116.1 million and a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $94.3 million associated with the write down of the remaining balance of goodwill related to our Commercial Real Estate reporting segment, as the deteriorating California residential construction market continues to impact our business. Credit costs during the current quarter included the provision for loan and lease losses of $87.8 million, write-downs of loans classified as held for sale of $22.4 million, write-downs of foreclosed property of $4.0 million and an increase to the reserve for unfunded loan commitments of $1.9 million. The non-cash goodwill impairment charge had no impact on our cash flows, tangible equity or regulatory capital and was due to the continued deterioration in the California residential construction market and the resultant decline in our market capitalization and asset values with exposure to this sector. Following the impairment charge, we do not have any goodwill associated with our mainland lending operations and the remaining goodwill on our books at June 30, 2008 is attributable to our Hawaii operations.
The following table presents annualized returns on average assets, average shareholders' equity, average tangible equity and basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated. Average tangible equity is calculated as average shareholders’ equity less average intangible assets which includes goodwill and core deposit premium. Average intangible assets were $271.5 million and $272.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, and $324.0 million and $326.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively.