LOANS AND LEASES | 4. LOANS AND LEASES Loans and leases, excluding loans held for sale, consisted of the following as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 : December 31, 2018 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 581,177 $ 503,738 Real estate: Construction 67,269 64,525 Residential mortgage 1,424,384 1,337,193 Home equity 468,966 412,230 Commercial mortgage 1,041,685 979,239 Consumer 492,268 470,819 Leases 124 362 Subtotal 4,075,873 3,768,106 Net deferred costs 2,493 2,509 Total loans and leases $ 4,078,366 $ 3,770,615 There are different types of risk characteristics for the loans in each portfolio segment. The construction and real estate segment's predominant risk characteristics are the collateral and the geographic location of the property collateralizing the loan, as well as the operating cash flow for the commercial real estate properties. The commercial, financial and agricultural (and leases) segment's predominant risk characteristics are the cash flows of the business we lend to, the global cash flows and liquidity of the guarantors of such losses, as well as economic and market conditions. The consumer segment's predominant risk characteristics are employment and income levels as they relate to the consumer. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , we foreclosed on one portfolio loan with a carrying value of $40 thousand , which was sold at a small premium to book value. We did not transfer any loans to the held-for-sale category during the year ended December 31, 2018 . In addition, we did not sell any other portfolio loans during the year ended December 31, 2018 . In 2018, we purchased an auto loan portfolio totaling $20.6 million which included a $0.1 million premium over the $20.5 million outstanding balance. At the time of purchase, the auto loans had a weighted average remaining term of 63 months and a weighted average yield, net of the premium paid and servicing costs, of 3.89% . In 2018, we also purchased an unsecured consumer loan portfolio totaling $38.0 million , which represented the outstanding balance at the time of purchase. At the time of purchase, the unsecured consumer loans had a weighted average remaining term of 41 months and a weighted average yield, net of servicing costs, of 6.99% . In 2017, we purchased three auto loan portfolios totaling $83.8 million , which included a $2.3 million premium over the $81.4 million outstanding balance. At the time of purchase, the auto loan portfolios had a weighted average remaining term of 70 months . During the year ended December 31, 2017 , we foreclosed on one portfolio loan with a carrying value of $0.1 million . We did not transfer any loans to the held-for-sale category during the year ended December 31, 2017 . In addition, we did not sell any portfolio loans during the year ended December 31, 2017 . In the normal course of business, our bank makes loans to certain directors, executive officers and their affiliates. These loans are made in the ordinary course of business at normal credit terms. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , related party loan balances were $34.0 million and $32.2 million , respectively. Impaired Loans The following tables present by class, the balance in the Allowance and the recorded investment in loans and leases based on the Company's impairment method as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 : Real Estate Comml., Constr. Resi. Home Comml. Consumer Leases Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2018 Allowance: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Collectively evaluated for impairment 8,027 1,202 14,349 3,788 13,358 7,192 — 47,916 Total ending balance $ 8,027 $ 1,202 $ 14,349 $ 3,788 $ 13,358 $ 7,192 $ — $ 47,916 Loans and leases: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 220 $ 2,273 $ 10,075 $ 275 $ 2,348 $ — $ — $ 15,191 Collectively evaluated for impairment 580,957 64,996 1,414,309 468,691 1,039,337 492,268 124 4,060,682 Subtotal 581,177 67,269 1,424,384 468,966 1,041,685 492,268 124 4,075,873 Net deferred costs (income) 483 (342 ) 3,821 — (1,407 ) (62 ) — 2,493 Total ending balance $ 581,660 $ 66,927 $ 1,428,205 $ 468,966 $ 1,040,278 $ 492,206 $ 124 $ 4,078,366 Real Estate Comml., Constr. Resi. Home Comml. Consumer Leases Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2017 Allowance: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Collectively evaluated for impairment 7,594 1,835 14,328 3,317 16,801 6,126 — 50,001 Total ending balance $ 7,594 $ 1,835 $ 14,328 $ 3,317 $ 16,801 $ 6,126 $ — $ 50,001 Loans and leases: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 491 $ 2,597 $ 13,862 $ 416 $ 3,914 $ — $ — $ 21,280 Collectively evaluated for impairment 503,247 61,928 1,323,331 411,814 975,325 470,819 362 3,746,826 Subtotal 503,738 64,525 1,337,193 412,230 979,239 470,819 362 3,768,106 Net deferred costs (income) 281 (285 ) 4,028 — (1,442 ) (73 ) — 2,509 Total ending balance $ 504,019 $ 64,240 $ 1,341,221 $ 412,230 $ 977,797 $ 470,746 $ 362 $ 3,770,615 The following table presents by class, impaired loans as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 : December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Unpaid Recorded Allowance Unpaid Recorded Allowance (Dollars in thousands) Impaired loans with no related Allowance recorded: Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 330 $ 220 $ — $ 602 $ 491 $ — Real estate: Construction 3,076 2,273 — 7,947 2,597 — Residential mortgage 11,019 10,075 — 14,920 13,862 — Home equity 275 275 — 416 416 — Commercial mortgage 2,348 2,348 — 3,914 3,914 — Total impaired loans with no related Allowance recorded 17,048 15,191 — 27,799 21,280 — Total impaired loans $ 17,048 $ 15,191 $ — $ 27,799 $ 21,280 $ — The following table presents by class, the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 : Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Average Interest Average Interest Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 435 $ 24 $ 1,272 $ 24 $ 1,891 $ 10 Real estate: Construction 2,436 111 2,760 99 3,509 123 Residential mortgage 12,681 662 17,122 1,843 21,809 236 Home equity 482 — 1,213 69 472 17 Commercial mortgage 3,368 179 4,893 313 8,537 321 Total $ 19,402 $ 976 $ 27,260 $ 2,348 $ 36,218 $ 707 For the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , the amount of interest income recognized on impaired loans within the period that the loans were impaired were primarily related to loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") that were on accrual status. For the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , the amount of interest income recognized using a cash-based method of accounting during the period that the loans were impaired was not material. Foreclosure Proceedings The Company had $0.7 million and $40 thousand of residential mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that were in the process of foreclosure at December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Aging Analysis of Accruing and Non-Accruing Loans and Leases For all loan types, the Company determines delinquency status by considering the number of days full payments required by the contractual terms of the loan are past due. The following tables present by class, the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans and leases as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 : Accruing Accruing Accruing Loans Greater Than 90 Days Past Due Nonaccrual Total Loans and Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2018 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 1,348 $ 162 $ — $ — $ 1,510 $ 580,150 $ 581,660 Real estate: Construction — — — — — 66,927 66,927 Residential mortgage 3,966 157 — 2,048 6,171 1,422,034 1,428,205 Home equity 433 104 298 275 1,110 467,856 468,966 Commercial mortgage — — — — — 1,040,278 1,040,278 Consumer 2,340 872 238 — 3,450 488,756 492,206 Leases — — — — — 124 124 Total $ 8,087 $ 1,295 $ 536 $ 2,323 $ 12,241 $ 4,066,125 $ 4,078,366 Accruing Accruing Accruing Loans Greater Than 90 Days Past Due Nonaccrual Total Loans and Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2017 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 410 $ 355 $ — $ — $ 765 $ 503,254 $ 504,019 Real estate: Construction — — — — — 64,240 64,240 Residential mortgage 4,037 2,127 49 2,280 8,493 1,332,728 1,341,221 Home equity 105 264 — 416 785 411,445 412,230 Commercial mortgage — — — 79 79 977,718 977,797 Consumer 2,126 1,056 515 — 3,697 467,049 470,746 Leases — — — — — 362 362 Total $ 6,678 $ 3,802 $ 564 $ 2,775 $ 13,819 $ 3,756,796 $ 3,770,615 Interest income totaling $1.2 million , $2.6 million , and $0.6 million was recognized on nonaccrual loans, including loans held for sale, in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Additional interest income of $0.4 million , $0.4 million , and $1.2 million would have been recognized in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively, had these loans been accruing interest throughout those periods. Additionally, interest income of $0.7 million , $0.8 million , and $1.3 million was collected and recognized on charged-off loans in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Modifications TDRs included in nonperforming assets at December 31, 2018 consisted of three Hawaii residential mortgage loans with a combined principal balance of $0.4 million . Concessions made to the original contractual terms of these loans consisted primarily of the deferral of interest and/or principal payments due to deterioration in the borrowers' financial condition. The principal balances on these TDRs had matured and/or were in default at the time of restructure and we have no commitments to lend additional funds to any of these borrowers. At December 31, 2017 , TDRs included in nonperforming assets consisted of six loans with a combined principal balance of $0.6 million . There were $12.9 million of TDRs still accruing interest at December 31, 2018 , none of which were more than 90 days delinquent. At December 31, 2017 , there were $12.6 million of TDRs still accruing interest, none of which were more than 90 days delinquent. Some loans modified in a TDR may already be on nonaccrual status and partial charge-offs may have already been taken against the outstanding loan balance. Thus, these loans have already been identified as impaired and have already been evaluated under the Company's Allowance methodology. As a result, some loans modified in a TDR may have the financial effect of increasing the specific allowance associated with the loan. The loans modified in a TDR did not have a material effect on our Provision and Allowance during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 . The following table presents by class, information related to loans modified in a TDR during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 : Year Ended December 31, 2018 Number Recorded Increase (Dollars in thousands) Real estate: Residential mortgage 3 $ 575 $ — Total 3 $ 575 $ — Year Ended December 31, 2017 Number Recorded Increase (Dollars in thousands) Real estate: Residential mortgage 3 $ 104 $ — Total 3 $ 104 $ — Year Ended December 31, 2016 Number Recorded Increase (Dollars in thousands) Real estate: Residential mortgage 3 $ 282 $ — Total 3 $ 282 $ — No loans were modified as a TDR within the previous twelve months that subsequently defaulted during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . Credit Quality Indicators The Company categorizes loans and leases into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans and leases individually by classifying the loans and leases as to credit risk. This analysis includes non-homogeneous loans and leases, such as commercial and commercial real estate loans. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Special Mention. Loans and leases classified as special mention, while still adequately protected by the borrower's capital adequacy and payment capability, exhibit distinct weakening trends and/or elevated levels of exposure to external conditions. If left unchecked or uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deteriorated prospects of repayment. These exposures require management's close attention so as to avoid becoming undue or unwarranted credit exposures. Substandard. Loans and leases classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the borrower's current financial condition and payment capability or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans and leases so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly repayment of debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful. Loans and leases classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or orderly repayment in full, on the basis of current existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the exposure, its classification as an estimate loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Loss. Loans and leases classified as loss are considered to be non-collectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This does not mean the loan has absolutely no recovery value, but rather it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off the loan, even though partial recovery may be obtained in the future. Losses are taken in the period in which they surface as uncollectible. Loans and leases not meeting the criteria above are considered to be pass rated loans and leases. The following tables present by class and credit indicator, the recorded investment in the Company's loans and leases as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 : Pass Special Substandard Loss Subtotal Net Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2018 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 552,706 $ 7,961 $ 20,510 $ — $ 581,177 $ 483 $ 581,660 Real estate: Construction 67,269 — — — 67,269 (342 ) 66,927 Residential mortgage 1,422,240 — 2,144 — 1,424,384 3,821 1,428,205 Home equity 468,394 — 572 — 468,966 — 468,966 Commercial mortgage 1,029,581 10,412 1,692 — 1,041,685 (1,407 ) 1,040,278 Consumer 492,030 — 80 158 492,268 (62 ) 492,206 Leases 124 — — — 124 — 124 Total $ 4,032,344 $ 18,373 $ 24,998 $ 158 $ 4,075,873 $ 2,493 $ 4,078,366 Pass Special Substandard Loss Subtotal Net Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2017 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 474,995 $ 7,543 $ 21,200 $ — $ 503,738 $ 281 $ 504,019 Real estate: Construction 55,646 8,879 — — 64,525 (285 ) 64,240 Residential mortgage 1,334,760 — 2,433 — 1,337,193 4,028 1,341,221 Home equity 411,814 — 416 — 412,230 — 412,230 Commercial mortgage 955,865 12,735 10,639 — 979,239 (1,442 ) 977,797 Consumer 470,243 — 305 271 470,819 (73 ) 470,746 Leases 362 — — — 362 — 362 Total $ 3,703,685 $ 29,157 $ 34,993 $ 271 $ 3,768,106 $ 2,509 $ 3,770,615 |