LOANS AND CREDIT QUALITY | 3. LOANS AND CREDIT QUALITY The following table presents loans by class, excluding loans held for sale, net of ACL as of the dates presented: (dollars in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial: SBA PPP $ 1,447 $ 2,654 Other 562,716 544,495 Real estate: Construction 212,052 167,366 Residential mortgage 1,930,123 1,940,456 Home equity 751,932 737,386 Commercial mortgage 1,367,107 1,364,998 Consumer 683,614 798,957 Gross loans 5,508,991 5,556,312 Net deferred fees and costs (281) (846) Total loans, net of deferred fees and costs 5,508,710 5,555,466 Less: ACL for loans 64,517 63,738 Total loans, net of ACL for loans $ 5,444,193 $ 5,491,728 Interest income on loans is accrued at the contractual rate of interest on the unpaid principal balance. Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $17.2 million and $16.0 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is reported together with accrued interest receivable on HTM and AFS debt securities During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company transferred one loan to the loans held for sale category. The loan did not have any credit concerns at the time of transfer and thus was transferred to loans held for sale at its amortized cost of $9.8 million . The loan was sold during the three months ended September 30, 2023 for $9.6 million, or a loss of $0.2 million, which was recorded in other operating expense. The Company did not transfer any other loans to the held for sale category during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and did not sell any other loans originally held for investment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any loans categorized as purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD"). The following tables present loans purchased by class for the periods presented. No loan portfolios were purchased during the three months ended September 30, 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands) U.S. Mainland Consumer - Unsecured U.S. Mainland Consumer - Automobile Total Purchases: Outstanding balance $ 90,461 $ — $ 90,461 (Discount) premium (3,976) — (3,976) Purchase price $ 86,485 $ — $ 86,485 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 U.S. Mainland Consumer - Unsecured U.S. Mainland Consumer - Automobile Total U.S. Mainland Consumer - Unsecured U.S. Mainland Consumer - Automobile Total Purchases: Outstanding balance $ 3,932 $ 15,159 $ 19,091 $ 195,227 $ 64,890 $ 260,117 (Discount) premium — 568 568 (11,386) 3,457 (7,929) Purchase price $ 3,932 $ 15,727 $ 19,659 $ 183,841 $ 68,347 $ 252,188 Foreclosure Proceedings The Company had $2.6 million and $2.4 million of residential mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that were in the process of foreclosure at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company had $0.1 million in commercial real estate loans in the process of foreclosure at September 30, 2023. There were no commercial real estate loans in the process of foreclosure at December 31, 2022. The Company did not foreclose on any loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The Company did not sell any foreclosed properties during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans For all loan types, the Company determines delinquency status by considering the number of days full payments required by the contractual terms of the loan are past due. The following tables present by class, the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of the dates presented. The following tables also present the amortized cost of loans on nonaccrual status for which there was no related ACL as of the dates presented: (dollars in thousands) Accruing Accruing Accruing Nonaccrual Total Loans Not Total Loans Nonaccrual September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial: SBA PPP $ 351 $ 66 $ — $ — $ 417 $ 993 $ 1,410 $ — Other — 1 — 352 353 562,043 562,396 — Real estate: Construction — — — — — 211,512 211,512 — Residential mortgage 1,852 136 794 4,949 7,731 1,923,009 1,930,740 4,808 Home equity 1,183 740 — 677 2,600 751,380 753,980 677 Commercial mortgage 319 — — 77 396 1,365,031 1,365,427 77 Consumer 5,358 2,151 2,120 597 10,226 673,019 683,245 — Total $ 9,063 $ 3,094 $ 2,914 $ 6,652 $ 21,723 $ 5,486,987 $ 5,508,710 $ 5,562 (dollars in thousands) Accruing Accruing Accruing Nonaccrual Total Loans Not Total Loans Nonaccrual December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial: SBA PPP $ 471 $ 37 $ 13 $ — $ 521 $ 2,034 $ 2,555 $ — Other 546 131 26 297 1,000 542,947 543,947 — Real estate: Construction — — — — — 166,723 166,723 — Residential mortgage 303 — 559 3,808 4,670 1,936,329 1,940,999 3,808 Home equity 1,540 — — 570 2,110 737,270 739,380 570 Commercial mortgage 160 — — — 160 1,362,915 1,363,075 — Consumer 5,173 1,921 1,240 576 8,910 789,877 798,787 — Total $ 8,193 $ 2,089 $ 1,838 $ 5,251 $ 17,371 $ 5,538,095 $ 5,555,466 $ 4,378 Collateral-Dependent Loans In accordance with ASC 326, a loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans as of the dates presented: (dollars in thousands) Secured by Secured by Secured by Total Allocated September 30, 2023 Real estate: Residential mortgage $ 6,375 $ — $ — $ 6,375 $ 48 Home equity 677 — — 677 — Commercial mortgage 77 — 77 — Total $ 7,129 $ — $ — $ 7,129 $ 48 (dollars in thousands) Secured by Secured by Secured by Total Allocated December 31, 2022 Real estate: Residential mortgage $ 5,653 $ — $ — $ 5,653 $ — Home equity 570 — — 570 — Commercial mortgage — — — — — Total $ 6,223 $ — $ — $ 6,223 $ — Loan Modifications for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty Since the adoption of ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023 and d uring the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, t he Company has not modified any material loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Troubled Debt Restructurings Prior to the Adoption of ASU 2022-02 Prior to our adoption of ASU 2022-02, we accounted for a modification to the contractual terms of a loan that resulted in granting a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties as a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR"). Loans identified as TDRs prior to our adoption of ASU 2022-02 included in nonperforming assets at September 30, 2023 consisted of six Hawaii loans with a principal balance of $1.0 million. There were $2.1 million of loans identified as TDRs prior to our adoption of ASU 2022-02 that were still accruing interest at September 30, 2023, none of which were more than 90 days delinquent. At December 31, 2022, there were $2.8 million of loans identified as TDRs prior to our adoption of ASU 2022-02 that were still accruing interest, none of which were more than 90 days delinquent. The Company offered various types of concessions when modifying a loan. Concessions made to the original contractual terms of the loan typically consisted of the deferral of interest and/or principal payments due to deterioration in the borrowers' financial condition. In these cases, the principal balance on the TDRs had matured and/or was in default at the time of restructure, and there were no commitments to lend additional funds to the borrower during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company did not modify any loans as a TDR prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02. No loans were modified as a TDR prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 within the previous twelve months that subsequently defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Credit Quality Indicators The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans by credit risk. This analysis includes non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial and commercial real estate loans. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk rating of loans. Loans that do not meet the following criteria that are analyzed individually as part of the described process are considered to be pass-rated loans. Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention, while still adequately protected by the borrower's capital adequacy and payment capability, exhibit distinct weakening trends and/or elevated levels of exposure to external conditions. If left unchecked or uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deteriorated prospects of repayment. These exposures require close attention so as to avoid becoming undue or unwarranted credit exposures. Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the borrower's current financial condition and payment capability or of the collateral pledged, if any. These loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly repayment of debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, and in addition have weaknesses that make collection or orderly repayment in full on the basis of current existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Although the possibility of loss is extremely high, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until a more exact status may be determined due to certain important and reasonably specific factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the exposure. Loss. Loans classified as loss are considered to be non-collectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This does not mean the loan has absolutely no recovery value, but rather it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off the loan, even though partial recovery may be obtained in the future. Losses are taken in the period in which they surface as uncollectible. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of the Company's loans by class, credit quality indicator and origination year as of the dates presented. Revolving loans converted to term as of and during the periods presented were not material to the total loan portfolio. In addition, the following table includes gross charge-offs of loans by origination year during the period presented. (dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost of Term Loans by Year of Origination Amortized Cost of Revolving Loans September 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Commercial and industrial - SBA PPP: Risk Rating Pass $ — $ — $ 1,404 $ 6 $ — $ — $ — $ 1,410 Subtotal — — 1,404 6 — — — 1,410 Commercial and industrial - Other: Risk Rating Pass 66,786 85,349 81,606 34,488 44,104 159,453 79,108 550,894 Special Mention — 156 602 231 13 — 225 1,227 Substandard 59 1,136 634 709 681 7,056 — 10,275 Subtotal 66,845 86,641 82,842 35,428 44,798 166,509 79,333 562,396 Construction: Risk Rating Pass 6,755 62,037 76,251 17,640 1,481 31,312 14,958 210,434 Special Mention — — 407 — 671 — — 1,078 Substandard — — — — — — — — Subtotal 6,755 62,037 76,658 17,640 2,152 31,312 14,958 211,512 Residential mortgage: Risk Rating Pass 70,141 270,464 619,243 419,296 146,258 398,387 — 1,923,789 Special Mention — — — — — 278 — 278 Substandard — 1,058 303 931 822 3,559 — 6,673 Subtotal 70,141 271,522 619,546 420,227 147,080 402,224 — 1,930,740 Home equity: Risk Rating Pass 12,238 32,866 20,638 9,024 6,570 18,065 653,902 753,303 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — 73 604 — 677 Subtotal 12,238 32,866 20,638 9,024 6,643 18,669 653,902 753,980 Commercial mortgage: Risk Rating Pass 39,792 238,538 203,902 117,186 113,143 607,898 7,729 1,328,188 Special Mention — — — — 10,732 11,065 — 21,797 Substandard — — 11,607 — 1,666 2,169 — 15,442 Subtotal 39,792 238,538 215,509 117,186 125,541 621,132 7,729 1,365,427 Consumer: Risk Rating Pass 85,466 288,029 161,075 41,288 32,563 13,401 58,706 680,528 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 10 167 129 133 124 1,303 10 1,876 Loss — — — — — 841 — 841 Subtotal 85,476 288,196 161,204 41,421 32,687 15,545 58,716 683,245 Total $ 281,247 $ 979,800 $ 1,177,801 $ 640,932 $ 358,901 $ 1,255,391 $ 814,638 $ 5,508,710 (dollars in thousands) Gross Charge-Offs by Year of Origination Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Commercial and industrial: Other $ 143 $ 239 $ 145 $ — $ 265 $ 751 $ 1,543 Consumer 4 4,988 4,158 871 627 621 11,269 Year-to-date gross charge-offs $ 147 $ 5,227 $ 4,303 $ 871 $ 892 $ 1,372 $ 12,812 (dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost of Term Loans by Year of Origination Amortized Cost of Revolving Loans December 31, 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total Commercial and industrial - SBA PPP: Risk Rating Pass $ — $ 2,546 $ 9 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 2,555 Subtotal — 2,546 9 — — — — 2,555 Commercial and industrial - Other: Risk Rating Pass 77,550 101,595 41,358 53,241 39,106 141,950 76,466 531,266 Special Mention 2,206 350 172 1,011 29 — 99 3,867 Substandard 188 176 833 256 116 7,215 30 8,814 Subtotal 79,944 102,121 42,363 54,508 39,251 149,165 76,595 543,947 Construction: Risk Rating Pass 25,663 61,027 23,384 2,387 14,309 18,048 15,044 159,862 Special Mention — 417 — — 898 — — 1,315 Substandard — 4,850 — 696 — — — 5,546 Subtotal 25,663 66,294 23,384 3,083 15,207 18,048 15,044 166,723 Residential mortgage: Risk Rating Pass 279,146 636,756 434,928 154,906 58,431 371,517 — 1,935,684 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 948 — 503 3,864 — 5,315 Subtotal 279,146 636,756 435,876 154,906 58,934 375,381 — 1,940,999 Home equity: Risk Rating Pass 34,973 23,772 10,520 7,463 6,880 11,727 643,277 738,612 Special Mention — — — — — — 198 198 Substandard — — — — 78 453 39 570 Subtotal 34,973 23,772 10,520 7,463 6,958 12,180 643,514 739,380 Commercial mortgage: Risk Rating Pass 226,137 208,230 119,531 129,950 145,932 472,267 11,473 1,313,520 Special Mention — — — 11,388 — 16,082 — 27,470 Substandard — 10,149 — 1,700 2,133 8,103 — 22,085 Subtotal 226,137 218,379 119,531 143,038 148,065 496,452 11,473 1,363,075 Consumer: Risk Rating Pass 358,609 242,942 59,352 50,899 20,065 10,958 54,038 796,863 Special Mention — — — 113 — — — 113 Substandard 1 261 91 126 42 790 — 1,311 Loss — — — — — 500 — 500 Subtotal 358,610 243,203 59,443 51,138 20,107 12,248 54,038 798,787 Total $ 1,004,473 $ 1,293,071 $ 691,126 $ 414,136 $ 288,522 $ 1,063,474 $ 800,664 $ 5,555,466 |