Loans, Notes, Trade and Other Receivables Disclosure [Text Block] | NOTE 5. LOANS Outstanding loan balances consisted of the following at September 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015. (Amounts in thousands) September 30, December 31, Loan Portfolio 2016 2015 Commercial $ 136,235 $ 132,805 Commercial real estate: Real estate - construction and land development 48,365 28,319 Real estate - commercial non-owner occupied 281,977 243,374 Real estate - commercial owner occupied 160,474 156,299 Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - Individual Tax Identification Number (“ITIN”) 46,458 49,106 Real estate - residential - 1-4 family mortgage 10,770 11,390 Real estate - residential - equity lines 42,363 45,473 Consumer and other 52,377 49,873 Gross loans 779,019 716,639 Deferred fees and costs 1,155 870 Loans, net of deferred fees and costs 780,174 717,509 Allowance for loan and lease losses (11,849 ) (11,180 ) Net loans $ 768,325 $ 706,329 BANK OF COMMERCE HOLDINGS & SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) Gross loan balances in the table above include net purchase discounts of $2.9 million and $2.3 million as of September 30, 2016 , and December 31, 2015, respectively. Age analysis of gross loan balances for past due loans, segregated by class of loans, as of September 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, was as follows. Greater Recorded (Amounts in thousands) 30-59 60-89 Than 90 Investment > Past Due Loans at Days Past Days Past Days Past Total Past 90 Days and September 30, 2016 Due Due Due Due Current Total Accruing Commercial $ 299 $ — $ — $ 299 $ 135,936 $ 136,235 $ — Commercial real estate: Real estate - construction and land development — — — — 48,365 48,365 — Real estate - commercial non-owner occupied — — 1,196 1,196 280,781 281,977 — Real estate - commercial owner occupied — — 113 113 160,361 160,474 — Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN 664 159 979 1,802 44,656 46,458 — Real estate - residential - 1-4 family mortgage 155 405 665 1,225 9,545 10,770 — Real estate - residential - equity lines 181 35 — 216 42,147 42,363 — Consumer and other 291 73 — 364 52,013 52,377 — Total $ 1,590 $ 672 $ 2,953 $ 5,215 $ 773,804 $ 779,019 $ — Greater Recorded (Amounts in thousands) 30-59 60-89 Than 90 Investment > Past Due Loans at Days Past Days Past Days Past Total Past 90 Days and December 31, 2015 Due Due Due Due Current Total Accruing Commercial $ — $ 30 $ 634 $ 664 $ 132,141 $ 132,805 $ — Commercial real estate: Real estate - construction and land development — — — — 28,319 28,319 — Real estate - commercial non-owner occupied 64 — 5,665 5,729 237,645 243,374 — Real estate - commercial owner occupied — — 1,071 1,071 155,228 156,299 — Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN 1,018 118 850 1,986 47,120 49,106 — Real estate - residential - 1-4 family mortgage — 404 871 1,275 10,115 11,390 — Real estate - residential - equity lines 137 97 — 234 45,239 45,473 — Consumer and other 150 50 88 288 49,585 49,873 88 Total $ 1,369 $ 699 $ 9,179 $ 11,247 $ 705,392 $ 716,639 $ 88 BANK OF COMMERCE HOLDINGS & SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) The following tables summarize impaired loans by loan class as of September 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015. As of September 30, 2016 Unpaid (Amounts in thousands) Recorded Principal Related Impaired Loans Investment Balance Allowance With no related allowance recorded: Commercial $ 1,728 $ 2,562 $ — Commercial real estate: Real estate - commercial non-owner occupied 1,196 1,196 — Real estate - commercial owner occupied 800 847 — Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN 6,252 7,881 — Real estate - residential - 1-4 family mortgage 1,798 2,585 — Real estate - residential - equity lines 1,085 1,411 — Consumer and other 222 225 — Total with no related allowance recorded $ 13,081 $ 16,707 $ — With an allowance recorded: Commercial $ 707 $ 707 $ 74 Commercial real estate: Real estate - commercial non-owner occupied 811 811 24 Real estate - commercial owner occupied 341 341 64 Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN 2,420 2,465 481 Real estate - residential - equity lines 543 543 271 Consumer and other 30 30 11 Total with an allowance recorded $ 4,852 $ 4,897 $ 925 By loan class: Commercial $ 2,435 $ 3,269 $ 74 Commercial real estate 3,148 3,195 88 Residential real estate 12,098 14,885 752 Consumer and other 252 255 11 Total impaired loans $ 17,933 $ 21,604 $ 925 BANK OF COMMERCE HOLDINGS & SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) As of December 31, 2015 (Amounts in thousands) Recorded Principal Related Impaired Loans Investment Balance Allowance With no related allowance recorded: Commercial $ 1,282 $ 1,519 $ — Commercial real estate: Real estate - commercial non-owner occupied 5,488 6,226 — Real estate - commercial owner occupied 1,071 1,794 — Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN 7,063 8,662 — Real estate - residential - 1-4 family mortgage 1,775 2,775 — Real estate - residential - equity lines 142 142 — Consumer and other — — — Total with no related allowance recorded $ 16,821 $ 21,118 $ — With an allowance recorded: Commercial $ 761 $ 820 $ 122 Commercial real estate: Real estate - commercial non-owner occupied 824 824 35 Real estate - commercial owner occupied 350 350 62 Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN 2,044 2,089 321 Real estate - residential - equity lines 558 558 279 Consumer and other 32 32 13 Total with an allowance recorded $ 4,569 $ 4,673 $ 832 By loan class: Commercial $ 2,043 $ 2,339 $ 122 Commercial real estate 7,733 9,194 97 Residential real estate 11,582 14,226 600 Consumer and other 32 32 13 Total impaired loans $ 21,390 $ 25,791 $ 832 Had nonaccrual loans performed in accordance with their contractual terms, we would have recognized additional interest income, net of tax, of approximately $93 thousand and $127 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. We would have recognized additional interest income, net of tax, of approximately $249 thousand and $287 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Nonaccrual loans, segregated by loan class, were as follows as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. (Amounts in thousands) September 30, December 31, Nonaccrual Loans 2016 2015 Commercial $ 1,710 $ 1,994 Commercial real estate: Real estate - commercial non-owner occupied 1,196 5,488 Real estate - commercial owner occupied 800 1,071 Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN 3,392 3,649 Real estate - residential - 1-4 family mortgage 1,798 1,775 Real estate - residential - equity lines 942 — Consumer and other 252 32 Total $ 10,090 $ 14,009 BANK OF COMMERCE HOLDINGS & SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) The following tables summarize average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans by loan class for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. Three Months Ended Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015 Average Interest Average Interest (Amounts in thousands) Recorded Income Recorded Income Average Recorded Investment and Interest Income Investment Recognized Investment Recognized Commercial $ 2,601 $ 10 $ 2,885 $ — Commercial real estate: Real estate - commercial non-owner occupied 2,010 12 6,874 12 Real estate - commercial owner occupied 1,147 6 2,281 15 Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN 8,831 42 9,616 36 Real estate - residential - 1-4 family mortgage 1,808 — 1,677 — Real estate - residential - equity lines 1,661 7 742 6 Consumer and other 257 — 33 — Total $ 18,315 $ 77 $ 24,108 $ 69 Nine Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015 Average Interest Average Interest (Amounts in thousands) Recorded Income Recorded Income Average Recorded Investment and Interest Income Investment Recognized Investment Recognized Commercial $ 2,551 $ 14 $ 3,919 $ 22 Commercial real estate: Real estate - commercial non-owner occupied 2,015 35 7,767 37 Real estate - commercial owner occupied 1,333 19 2,286 52 Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN 9,037 124 9,819 102 Real estate - residential - 1-4 family mortgage 1,774 — 1,790 — Real estate - residential - equity lines 1,558 20 763 20 Consumer and other 133 — 34 — Total $ 18,401 $ 212 $ 26,378 $ 233 The impaired loans for which these interest income amounts were recognized primarily relate to accruing troubled debt restructured loans. Loans are reported as troubled debt restructurings when we grant a concession(s) to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties that we would not otherwise consider. Examples of such concessions include a reduction in the loan rate, forgiveness of principal or accrued interest, extending the maturity date(s) significantly, or providing a lower interest rate than would be normally available for a transaction of similar risk. As a result of these concessions, restructured loans are impaired as we will not collect all amounts due, either principal or interest, in accordance with the terms of the original loan agreement. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, impaired loans of $7.4 million and $6.9 million, respectively, were classified as performing restructured loans. In order for a restructured loan to be on accrual status, the loan’s collateral coverage must generally be greater than or equal to 100% of the loan balance, the loan payments must be current, and the borrower must demonstrate the ability to make payments from a verified source of cash flow. We had no obligation to lend additional funds on any restructured loans as of September 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015. As of September 30, 2016, we had $11.2 million in troubled debt restructurings compared to $15.9 million as of December 31, 2015. As of September 30, 2016, we had 119 loans that qualified as troubled debt restructurings, of which 110 loans were performing according to their restructured terms. Troubled debt restructurings represented 1.43% of gross loans as of September 30, 2016, compared to 2.22% at December 31, 2015. BANK OF COMMERCE HOLDINGS & SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) The types of modifications offered can generally be described in the following categories: Rate Maturity Payment deferral The following tables present the period end balances of newly restructured loans and the types of modifications that occurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. For the Three Months Ended For the Three Months Ended (Amounts in thousands) Rate & Troubled Debt Restructuring Modification Types Maturity Rate & Maturity Principal Reduction Total Rate Rate & Maturity Payment Deferral Payment Deferral Total Commercial $ 139 $ — $ — $ 139 $ — $ 45 $ — $ — $ 45 Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN — — 82 82 — — — 103 103 Total $ 139 $ — $ 82 $ 221 $ — $ 45 $ — $ 103 $ 148 For the Nine Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended (Amounts in thousands) Rate & Troubled Debt Restructuring Modification Types Maturity Rate & Maturity Principal Reduction Payment Deferral Total Rate Rate & Maturity Payment Deferral Payment Deferral Total Commercial $ 139 $ 951 $ — $ — $ 1,090 $ — $ 45 $ — $ 734 $ 779 Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN — — 82 118 200 115 — 266 206 587 Total $ 139 $ 951 $ 82 $ 118 $ 1,290 $ 115 $ 45 $ 266 $ 940 $ 1,366 For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the tables below provide information regarding the number of loans where the contractual terms have been restructured in a manner, which grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Pre- Post- Pre- Post- Modification Modification Modification Modification Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding (Amounts in thousands) Number of Recorded Recorded Number of Recorded Recorded Troubled Debt Restructurings Contracts Investment Investment Contracts Investment Investment Commercial 1 $ 135 $ 147 1 $ 49 $ 49 Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN 1 97 82 2 225 193 Total 2 $ 232 $ 229 3 $ 274 $ 242 BANK OF COMMERCE HOLDINGS & SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Pre- Post- Pre- Post- Modification Modification Modification Modification Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding (Amounts in thousands) Number of Recorded Recorded Number of Recorded Recorded Troubled Debt Restructurings Contracts Investment Investment Contracts Investment Investment Commercial 2 $ 1,262 $ 1,273 2 $ 872 $ 872 Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN 2 267 252 8 747 678 Total 4 $ 1,529 $ 1,525 10 $ 1,619 $ 1,550 There were no loans modified as troubled debt restructuring during the 12 month periods preceding September 30, 2016 and 2015, for which there was a payment default during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. We define a performing loan as a loan where any installment of principal or interest is not 90 days or more past due, and management believes the ultimate collection of original contractual principal and interest is likely. We define a nonperforming loan as an impaired loan, which may be on nonaccrual, 90 days past due and still accruing, or has been restructured and is not in compliance with its modified terms, and our ultimate collection of original contractual principal and interest is uncertain. The foundation or primary factor in determining the appropriate credit quality indicators is the degree of a debtor’s willingness and ability to perform as agreed. Performing and nonperforming loans, segregated by class of loans, were as follows at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. (Amounts in thousands) September 30, 2016 Performing and Nonperforming Loans Performing Nonperforming Total Commercial $ 134,525 $ 1,710 $ 136,235 Commercial real estate: Real estate - construction and land development 48,365 — 48,365 Real estate - commercial non-owner occupied 280,781 1,196 281,977 Real estate - commercial owner occupied 159,674 800 160,474 Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN 43,066 3,392 46,458 Real estate - residential - 1-4 family mortgage 8,972 1,798 10,770 Real estate - residential - equity lines 41,421 942 42,363 Consumer and other 52,125 252 52,377 Total $ 768,929 $ 10,090 $ 779,019 (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2015 Performing and Nonperforming Loans Performing Nonperforming Total Commercial $ 130,811 $ 1,994 $ 132,805 Commercial real estate: Real estate - construction and land development 28,319 — 28,319 Real estate - commercial non-owner occupied 237,886 5,488 243,374 Real estate - commercial owner occupied 155,228 1,071 156,299 Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN 45,457 3,649 49,106 Real estate - residential - 1-4 family mortgage 9,615 1,775 11,390 Real estate - residential - equity lines 45,473 — 45,473 Consumer and other 49,753 120 49,873 Total $ 702,542 $ 14,097 $ 716,639 BANK OF COMMERCE HOLDINGS & SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) In conjunction with evaluating the performing versus nonperforming nature of our loan portfolio, management evaluates the following credit risk and other relevant factors in determining the appropriate credit quality indicator (rating) for each loan class: Pass Grade: A Pass loan is a strong credit with no existing or known weaknesses that may require management’s close attention. Some pass loans require short term enhanced monitoring to determine when the credit relationship would merit either an upgrade or a downgrade. Loans classified as Pass Grade specifically demonstrate: ● Strong Cash Flows – borrower’s cash flows must meet or exceed our minimum debt service coverage ratio. ● Collateral Margin – generally, the borrower must have pledged an acceptable collateral class with an adequate collateral margin. ● Qualitative Factors – in addition to meeting our minimum cash flow and collateral requirements, a number of other qualitative factors are also factored into assigning a Pass Grade including the borrower’s level of leverage (debt to equity), prospects, history and experience in their industry, credit history, and any other relevant factors including a borrower’s character. Those borrowers who qualify for unsecured loans must fully demonstrate above average cash flows and strong secondary sources of repayment to mitigate the lack of unpledged collateral. Watch Grade: The credit is acceptable but the borrower has experienced a temporary setback or adverse information has been received, and may exhibit one or more of the characteristics shown in the list below. This risk grade could apply to credits on a temporary basis pending a full review. Credits with this risk grade will require more handling time and increased management. The list below contains characteristics of this risk grade, but individually do not automatically cause the loan to be assigned a Watch Grade. ● The primary source of repayment may be weakening causing greater reliance on the secondary source of repayment or ● The primary source of repayment is adequate, but the secondary source of repayment is insufficient ● In-depth financial analysis would compare to the lower quartile in two or more of the major components of the Risk Management Association Annual Statement Studies ● Volatile or deteriorating collateral ● Management decisions may be called into question ● Delinquencies in bank credits or other financial/trade creditors ● Frequent overdrafts ● Significant change in management/ownership Special Mention Grade: Credits in this grade are potentially weak and deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects of the credit. Special Mention credits are not adversely classified and do not expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. The list below exhibits the characteristics of this grade, but individually do not automatically cause the borrower to be assigned a grade of Special Mention: ● Inadequate or incomplete loan documentation or perfection of collateral, or any other deviation from prudent lending practices ● Credit is structured in a manner in which the timing of the repayment source does not match the payment schedule or maturity, materially jeopardizing repayment ● Current economic or market conditions exist which may affect the borrower's ability to perform or affect the Bank's collateral position ● Adverse trends in the borrower's operations or continued deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition that has not yet reached a point where the retirement of debt is jeopardized. A credit in this grade should have favorable prospects of the deteriorating financial trends reversing within a reasonable timeframe. ● The borrower is less than cooperative or unable to produce current and adequate financial information Substandard Grade: A Substandard credit is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard credits have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation or timely collection of the debt. Substandard credits are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. However, a potential loss does not have to be recognizable in an individual credit for it to be considered a substandard credit. As such, substandard credits may or may not be graded as impaired. The following represents, but is not limited to, the potential characteristics of a Substandard Grade and do not necessarily generate automatic reclassification into this loan grade: ● Sustained or substantial deteriorating financial trends, ● Unresolved management problems, ● Collateral is insufficient to repay debt; collateral is not sufficiently supported by independent sources, such as asset-based financial audits, appraisals, or equipment evaluations, ● Improper perfection of lien position, which is not readily correctable, BANK OF COMMERCE HOLDINGS & SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) ● Unanticipated and severe decline in market values, ● High reliance on secondary source of repayment, ● Legal proceedings, such as bankruptcy or a divorce, which has substantially decreased the borrower’s capacity to repay the debt, ● Fraud committed by the borrower, ● IRS liens that take precedence, ● Forfeiture statutes for assets involved in criminal activities, ● Protracted repayment terms outside of policy that are for longer than the same type of credit in our portfolio, ● Any other relevant quantitative or qualitative factor that negatively affects the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Doubtful Grade: A Doubtful loan has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain pending factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the credit, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors may include, but are not limited to: ● Proposed merger(s), ● Acquisition or liquidation procedures, ● Capital injection, ● Perfecting liens on additional collateral, ● Refinancing plans. Generally, a Doubtful Grade does not remain outstanding for a period greater than six months. After six months, the pending events should have either occurred or not occurred. The credit grade should have improved or the principal balance charged against the ALLL. The following tables summarize internal risk ratings by loan class as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. As of September 30, 2016 Special (Amounts in thousands) Pass Watch Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial $ 113,413 $ 10,871 $ 7,850 $ 4,101 $ — $ 136,235 Commercial real estate: Real estate - construction and land development 47,834 531 — — — 48,365 Real estate - commercial non-owner occupied 276,775 880 1,336 2,986 — 281,977 Real estate - commercial owner occupied 152,098 6,555 499 1,322 — 160,474 Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN 39,149 — — 7,309 — 46,458 Real estate - residential - 1-4 family mortgage 8,459 514 — 1,797 — 10,770 Real estate - residential - equity lines 39,170 1,578 43 1,572 — 42,363 Consumer and other 52,079 3 — 295 — 52,377 Total $ 728,977 $ 20,932 $ 9,728 $ 19,382 $ — $ 779,019 BANK OF COMMERCE HOLDINGS & SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) As of December 31, 2015 Special (Amounts in thousands) Pass Watch Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial $ 108,696 $ 10,240 $ 9,587 $ 4,282 $ — $ 132,805 Commercial real estate: Real estate - construction and land development 28,291 28 — — — 28,319 Real estate - commercial non-owner occupied 234,177 917 1,588 6,692 — 243,374 Real estate - commercial owner occupied 149,327 3,864 1,687 1,421 — 156,299 Residential real estate: Real estate - residential - ITIN 41,480 — — 7,626 — 49,106 Real estate - residential - 1-4 family mortgage 9,041 — 575 1,774 — 11,390 Real estate - residential - equity lines 41,149 1,760 1,682 882 — 45,473 Consumer and other 49,551 — 256 66 — 49,873 Total $ 661,712 $ 16,809 $ 15,375 $ 22,743 $ — $ 716,639 The following tables summarize the ALLL by portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 (Amounts in thousands) Commercial Residential ALLL by Portfolio Commercial Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Unallocated Total Beginning balance $ 2,591 $ 6,029 $ 1,871 $ 763 $ 610 $ 11,864 Charge offs — — (130 ) (227 ) — (357 ) Recoveries 305 — 18 19 — 342 Provision (491 ) 512 45 171 (237 ) — Ending balance $ 2,405 $ 6,541 $ 1,804 $ 726 $ 373 $ 11,849 For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 (Amounts in thousands) Commercial Residential ALLL by Portfolio Commercial Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Unallocated Total Beginning balance $ 3,389 $ 5,447 $ 1,480 $ 583 $ 503 $ 11,402 Charge offs — (289 ) (309 ) (181 ) — (779 ) Recoveries 121 1 139 7 — 268 Provision (91 ) 64 (45 ) 194 (122 ) — Ending balance $ 3,419 $ 5,223 $ 1,265 $ 603 $ 381 $ 10,891 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 (Amounts in thousands) Commercial Residential ALLL by Portfolio Commercial Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Unallocated Total Beginning balance $ 2,493 $ 5,784 $ 1,577 $ 770 $ 556 $ 11,180 Charge offs (1,106 ) (37 ) (680 ) (575 ) — (2,398 ) Recoveries 383 2,481 104 99 — 3,067 Provision 635 (1,687 ) 803 432 (183 ) — Ending balance $ 2,405 $ 6,541 $ 1,804 $ 726 $ 373 $ 11,849 BANK OF COMMERCE HOLDINGS & SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 (Amounts in thousands) Commercial Residential ALLL by Portfolio Commercial Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Unallocated Total Beginning balance $ 3,503 $ 4,875 $ 1,671 $ 449 $ 322 $ 10,820 Charge offs (406 ) (428 ) (450 ) (385 ) — (1,669 ) Recoveries 869 669 202 — — 1,740 Provision (547 ) 107 (158 ) 539 59 — Ending balance $ 3,419 $ 5,223 $ 1,265 $ 603 $ 381 $ 10,891 The following tables summarize the ALLL and the recorded investment in loans and leases as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. As of September 30, 2016 Commercial Residential (Amounts in thousands) Commercial Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Unallocated Total ALLL: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 74 $ 88 $ 752 $ 11 $ — $ 925 Collectively evaluated for impairment 2,331 6,453 1,052 715 373 10,924 Total $ 2,405 $ 6,541 $ 1,804 $ 726 $ 373 $ 11,849 Gross loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,435 $ 3,148 $ 12,098 $ 252 $ — $ 17,933 Collectively evaluated for impairment 133,800 487,668 87,493 52,125 — 761,086 Total gross loans $ 136,235 $ 490,816 $ 99,591 $ 52,377 $ — $ 779,019 As of December 31, 2015 Commercial Residential (Amounts in thousands) Commercial Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Unallocated Total ALLL: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 122 $ 97 $ 600 $ 13 $ — $ 832 Collectively evaluated for impairment 2,371 5,687 977 757 556 10,348 Total $ 2,493 $ 5,784 $ 1,577 $ 770 $ 556 $ 11,180 Gross loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,043 $ 7,733 $ 11,582 $ 32 $ — $ 21,390 Collectively evaluated for impairment 130,762 420,259 94,387 49,841 — 695,249 Total gross loans $ 132,805 $ 427,992 $ 105,969 $ 49,873 $ — $ 716,639 The ALLL totaled $11.8 million or 1.52% of total gross loans at September 30, 2016 and $11.2 million or 1.56% at December 31, 2015. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had $222.1 million and $230.6 million in commitments to extend credit, respectively. The reserve for unfunded commitments recorded in Other Liabilities Consolidated Balance Sheets The ALLL is based upon estimates of loan and lease losses and is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for probable losses inherent in the outstanding loan portfolio. Our ALLL methodology significantly incorporates management’s current judgments, and reflects the reserve amount that is necessary for estimated loan and lease losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio in accordance with ASC Topic 450 Contingencies Receivables. The allowance is increased by provisions charged to expense and reduced by net charge offs. In periodic evaluations of the adequacy of the allowance balance, management considers past loan and lease loss experience by type of credit, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, current economic conditions and other factors. We formally assess the adequacy of the ALLL on a monthly basis. These assessments include the periodic re-grading of classified loans based on changes in their individual credit characteristics including delinquency, seasoning, recent financial performance of the borrower, economic factors, changes in the interest rate environment and other factors as warranted. Loans are initially rated when originated. They are reviewed as they are renewed, when there is a new loan to the same borrower and/or when identified facts demonstrate heightened risk of default. Confirmation of the quality of our grading process is obtained by independent reviews conducted by outside consultants specifically hired for this purpose and by periodic examination by various bank regulatory agencies. BANK OF COMMERCE HOLDINGS & SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) Management monitors delinquent loans continuously and identifies problem loans to be evaluated individually for impairment testing. For loans that are determined impaired, a formal impairment measurement is performed at least quarterly on a loan-by-loan basis. Our method for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance includes specific allowances for identified problem loans, an allowance factor for categories of credits and allowances for changing environmental factors (e.g., portfolio trends, concentration of credit, growth, economic factors). Allowances for identified problem loans are based on specific analysis of individual credits. Loss estimation factors for loan categories are based on analysis of local economic factors applicable to each loan category. Allowances for changing environmental factors are management’s best estimate of the probable impact these changes have had on the loan portfolio as a whole. We believe that the ALLL was adequate as of September 30, 2016. There is, however, no assurance that future loan and lease losses will not exceed the levels provided for in the ALLL and could possibly result in additional charges to the provision for loan and lease losses. In addition, bank regulatory authorities, as part of their periodic examination of the Company, may require additional charges to the provision for loan and lease losses in future periods if warranted as a result of their review. As of September 30, 2016, approximately 76% of our gross loan portfolio is secured by real estate, and a significant decline in real estate market values may require an increase in the ALLL. Deterioration in our markets may adversely affect our loan portfolio and may lead to additional charges to the provision for loan and lease losses. All impaired loans are individually evaluated for impairment. If the measurement of each impaired loans’ value is less than the recorded investment in the loan, we recognize this impairment and adjust the carrying value of the loan to fair value through the ALLL. For collateral dependent loans, this can be accomplished by charging off the impaired portion of the loan based on the underlying value of the collateral. For non-collateral dependent loans, we establish a specific component within the ALLL based on the present value of the future cash flows. If we determine the sources of repayment will not result in a reasonable probability that the carrying value of a loan can be recovered, the amount of a loan’s specific impairment is charged off against the ALLL. Impairment reserves on non-collateral dependent restructured loans are measured by comparing the present value of expected future cash flows on the restructured loans discounted at the interest rate of the original loan agreement to the loan’s carrying value. These impairment reserves are recognized as a specific component to be provided for in the ALLL. The unallocated portion of ALLL provides for coverage of credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio but not captured in the credit loss factors that are utilized in the risk rating-based component, or in the specific impairment reserve component of the ALLL, and acknowledges the inherent imprecision of all loss prediction models. As of September 30, 2016, the unallocated allowance amount represented 3% of the ALLL, compared to 5% at December 31, 2015. While the ALLL composition is an indication of specific amounts or loan categories in which future charge offs may occur, actual amounts may differ. We have lending policies and procedures in place with the objective of optimizing loan income within an accepted risk tolerance level. We review and appro |