LOANS | NOTE 4 – LOANS The following table presents the Bank’s loans by category as of the periods presented: December 31, December 31, 2015 2014 Commercial (dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 127,899 $ 99,788 Non-farm, nonresidential real estate 161,009 163,461 Construction and development 51,330 50,424 Commercial loans secured by real estate 28,091 27,937 Other commercial 60,325 41,185 Total commercial 428,654 382,795 Residential Consumer loans 9,914 9,536 Single family residential 260,254 229,559 Other retail 32,444 30,162 Total residential and consumer 302,612 269,257 $ 731,266 $ 652,052 Less: Allowance for possible loan and lease losses (8,634 ) (7,934 ) Total net loans $ 722,632 $ 644,118 The amount of capitalized fees and costs calculated in accordance with ASC 310-20 included in the above loan totals were $941,000 and $932,000 at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Loan Origination/Risk Management. Commercial and industrial loans are underwritten after evaluating and understanding the borrower’s ability to operate profitably and prudently expand its business. Underwriting standards are designed to promote relationship banking rather than transactional banking. Once it is determined that the borrower’s management possesses sound ethics and solid business acumen, the Company’s management examines current and projected cash flows to determine the ability of the borrower to repay their obligations as agreed. Commercial and industrial loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial and industrial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers. Commercial real estate loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and industrial loans, in addition to those of real estate loans. These loans are viewed primarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral, geography and risk grade criteria. As a general rule, the Company avoids financing single-purpose projects unless other underwriting factors are present to help mitigate risk. The Company also utilizes third-party experts to provide insight and guidance about economic conditions and trends affecting market areas it serves. In addition, management tracks the level of owner-occupied commercial real estate loans versus non-owner occupied loans. At December 31, 2015, approximately 55% of the outstanding principal balance of the Company’s commercial real estate loans was secured by owner-occupied properties, compared to 45% at December 31, 2014. With respect to loans to developers and builders that are secured by non-owner occupied properties that the Company may originate from time to time, the Company generally requires the borrower to have had an existing relationship with the Company and have a proven record of success. Construction loans are underwritten utilizing feasibility studies, independent appraisal reviews, sensitivity analysis of absorption and lease rates and financial analysis of the developers and property owners. Construction loans are generally based upon estimates of costs and value associated with the complete project. These estimates may be inaccurate. Construction loans often involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success of the ultimate project. Sources of repayment for these types of loans may be pre-committed permanent loans from approved long-term lenders, sales of developed property or an interim loan commitment from the Company until permanent financing is obtained. These loans are closely monitored by on-site inspections and are considered to have higher risks than other real estate loans due to their ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, governmental regulation of real property, general economic conditions and the availability of long-term financing. The Company originates residential and consumer loans utilizing a computer-based credit scoring analysis to supplement the underwriting process. To monitor and manage consumer loan risk, policies and procedures are developed and modified, as needed, jointly by line and staff personnel. This activity, coupled with relatively small loan amounts that are spread across many individual borrowers, minimizes risk. Additionally, trend and outlook reports are reviewed by management on a regular basis. Underwriting standards for home equity loans are heavily influenced by statutory requirements, which include, but are not limited to, a maximum loan-to-value percentage of 80%, collection remedies, the number of such loans a borrower can have at one time and documentation requirements. The Company contracts with a third party vendor to perform loan reviews. The Company reviews and validates the credit risk program on an annual basis. Results of these reviews are presented to management. The loan review process complements and reinforces the risk identification and assessment decisions made by lenders and credit personnel, as well as the Company’s policies and procedures. The goal of the bank is to diversify loans to avoid a concentration of credit in a specific industry, person, entity, product, service, or any area vulnerable to a tax law change or an economic event. A concentration of credit occurs when obligations, direct or indirect, of the same or affiliated interests represent 15% or more of the Bank’s capital structure. Commercial real estate rental and leasing represented the highest concentration at 120% of tier 1 capital. The Board of Directors recognizes that the Bank’s geographic trade area imposes some limitations regarding loan diversification if the bank is to perform the function for which it has been chartered. Specifically, lending to qualified borrowers within the Bank’s trade area will naturally cause concentrations of real estate loans in the primary communities served by the Bank and loans to employees of major employers in the area. The following table provides details regarding the aging of the Bank’s loan portfolio: 30-59 60-89 90 days Total days days and greater past Total December 31, 2015 past due past due past due due Current Loans (dollars in thousands) Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 245 $ 25 $ 245 $ 515 $ 127,384 $ 127,899 Non-farm, non-residential real estate 2,486 123 279 2,888 158,121 161,009 Construction and development 7 - - 7 51,323 51,330 Commercial loans secured by estate real estate 24 8 163 195 27,896 28,091 Other commercial - - - - 60,325 60,325 Total commercial loans 2,762 156 687 3,605 425,049 428,654 Retail: Consumer 43 36 7 86 9,828 9,914 Single family residential 1,918 664 164 2,746 257,508 260,254 Other retail 160 148 54 362 32,082 32,444 Total retail loans 2,121 848 225 3,194 299,418 302,612 Total $ 4,883 $ 1,004 $ 912 $ 6,799 $ 724,467 $ 731,266 30-59 60-89 90 days Total days days and greater past Total December 31, 2014 past due past due past due due Current loans (dollars in thousands) Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 263 $ 63 $ 1,428 $ 1,754 $ 98,034 $ 99,788 Non-farm, non-residential real estate 413 145 330 888 162,573 163,461 Construction and development - - - - 50,424 50,424 Commercial loans secured by estate real estate 92 56 172 320 27,617 27,937 Other commercial 10 - 1,092 1,102 40,083 41,185 Total commercial loans 778 264 3,022 4,064 378,731 382,795 Retail: Consumer 72 7 42 121 9,415 9,536 Single family residential 2,361 395 464 3,220 226,339 229,559 Other retail - - - - 30,162 30,162 Total retail loans 2,433 402 506 3,341 265,916 269,257 Total $ 3,211 $ 666 $ 3,528 $ 7,405 $ 644,647 $ 652,052 A loan is considered impaired, in accordance with the impairment accounting guidance (ASC 310-10-35-16), when based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include non-performing commercial loans but also include loans modified in troubled debt restructurings. The following table summarizes the impaired loans by loan type: Unpaid Recorded Recorded Average contractual investment investment Total recorded principal with no with recorded Related investment Interest Interest December 31, 2015 balance allowance allowance investment allowance year to date received accrued (dollars in thousands) Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 432 $ 60 $ 262 $ 322 $ 28 $ 344 $ 17 $ 22 Non-farm, non-residential real estate 469 401 - 401 - 428 17 24 Commercial loans secured by real estate 192 - 163 163 29 169 6 13 Other commercial - - - - - - - - Commercial total 1,093 461 425 886 57 941 40 59 Retail: Single family residential 1,612 510 830 1,340 102 1,415 81 83 Other retail 130 74 - 74 - 79 6 7 Retail total 1,742 584 830 1,414 102 1,494 87 90 Total $ 2,835 $ 1,045 $ 1,255 $ 2,300 $ 159 $ 2,435 $ 127 $ 149 Unpaid Recorded Recorded Average contractual investment investment Total recorded principal with no with recorded Related investment Interest Interest December 31, 2014 balance allowance allowance investment allowance year to date received accrued (dollars in thousands) Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 3,760 $ 2,734 $ 217 $ 2,951 $ 9 $ 3,230 $ 97 $ 207 Non-farm, non-residential real estate 3,720 3,241 - 3,241 - 3,570 213 212 Commercial loans secured by real estate 1,053 564 166 730 33 826 67 77 Other commercial 1,256 1,092 - 1,092 - 1,171 89 84 Commercial total 9,789 7,631 383 8,014 42 8,797 466 580 Retail: Single family residential 1,094 539 439 978 10 786 44 42 Other retail 425 411 - 411 - 369 17 19 Retail total 1,519 950 439 1,389 10 1,155 61 61 Total $ 11,308 $ 8,581 $ 822 $ 9,403 $ 52 $ 9,952 $ 527 $ 641 Unpaid Recorded Recorded Average contractual investment investment Total recorded principal with no with recorded Related investment Interest Interest December 31, 2013 balance allowance allowance investment allowance year to date received accrued Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 2,190 $ 1,338 $ 234 $ 1,572 $ 16 $ 1,620 $ 23 $ 134 Non-farm, non-residential real estate 3,236 1,155 1,551 2,706 282 2,819 157 168 Construction and development 461 461 - 461 44 556 30 30 Other commercial 3,834 3,310 178 3,488 - 3,704 225 241 Commercial total 9,721 6,264 1,963 8,227 342 8,699 435 573 Retail: Single family residential 1,121 568 419 987 118 1,044 52 55 Other retail 11 - 11 11 11 11 - - Retail total 1,132 568 430 998 129 1,055 52 55 Total $ 10,853 $ 6,832 $ 2,393 $ 9,225 $ 471 $ 9,754 $ 487 $ 628 Non-accrual loans, segregated by class of loans, were as follows: December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Commercial (dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 322 $ 1,428 Non-farm, nonresidential real estate 401 409 Commercial loans secured by real estate 163 172 Other commercial - 1,092 Total commercial loans 886 3,101 Residential Consumer loans 74 42 Single family residential 1,237 2,237 Total residential loans 1,311 2,279 Total non-accrual loans $ 2,197 $ 5,380 Included in certain loan categories of impaired loans are certain loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from our loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions. Modifications of terms for our loans and their inclusion as troubled debt restructurings are based on individual facts and circumstances. Loan modifications that are included as troubled debt restructurings may involve either an increase or reduction of the interest rate, extension of the term of the loan, or deferral of principal and/or interest payments, regardless of the period of the modification. All of the loans identified as troubled debt restructuring were modified due to financial stress of the borrower. In order to determine if a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed to determine the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future with the modification. This evaluation is performed under the Company’s internal underwriting policy. When the Company modifies loans in a troubled debt restructuring, the Company evaluates any possible impairment similar to other impaired loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan or lease agreement, or the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs for collateral dependent loans. If the Company determined that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance. In periods subsequent to modification, the Company evaluates all troubled debt restructurings, including those that have payment defaults, for possible impairment and recognize impairment through the allowance. As of December 31, 2015, the Company did not have any commitments to extend additional funds to borrowers with loans modified and included as a troubled debt restructuring. During 2015, certain loans were modified in troubled debt restructurings, where economic concessions were granted to borrowers consisting of reductions in the interest rates, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, and forbearances. Presented below, segregated by class of loans, are troubled debt restructurings: Twelve months ended December 31, 2015 Post- Net Number modification charge-offs of outstanding resulting in modifications balance modifications (dollars in thousands) Retail: Single family residential 2 $ 111 $ - Total 2 $ 111 $ - Twelve months ended December 31, 2014 Post- Net Number modification charge-offs of outstanding resulting in modifications balance modifications (dollars in thousands) Commercial: Nonfarm nonresidential 1 $ 4,357 - Retail: Single family residential 1 316 3 Total 2 $ 4,673 $ 3 The loan’s accrual status is assessed at the time of its modification. As a result of the assessment, the accrual status may be modified. Commercial and consumer loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring are closely monitored for delinquency as an early indicator of possible future default. If loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring subsequently default, the Company evaluates the loan for possible further impairment. The allowance for loan losses may be increased, adjustments may be made in the allocation of the allowance, or partial charge-offs may be taken to further write-down the carrying value of the loan. The Company considers a loan in default when it is 90 days or more past due or transferred to non-accrual. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company did not have any loans that were modified in troubled debt restructurings during the past twelve months that have subsequently defaulted. As of December 31, 2015, the Company held one foreclosed residential real estate property that was the result of obtaining physical possession in accordance with ASC 310-40. The carrying value was $62,000. In addition, the Company had no consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to location requirement of the applicable jurisdiction. Credit Quality Indicators. The Company uses a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its commercial loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 through 8. A description of the general characteristics of the eight risk grades is as follows: Risk Rating 1 – Minimal Risk Risk Rating 2 – Modest Risk Risk Rating 3 – Average Risk Risk Rating 4 – Acceptable Risk Risk Rating 5 – Pass/Watch Risk Rating 6 – Special Mention Risk Rating 7 – Substandard Risk Rating 8 – Doubtful The following table presents risk grades and classified loans by class: December 31, 2015 Commercial loan portfolio: Credit Non-farm, non- Construction Commercial risk profile by internally assigned Commercial residential real and loans secured Other Commercial grade and industrial estate development by real estate commercial loan totals (dollars in thousands) Risk rating 1 - minimal risk $ 1,263 $ 312 $ - $ 103 $ 77 $ 1,755 Risk rating 2 - modest risk 5,633 295 - - 49,017 54,945 Risk rating 3 - average risk 54,952 43,253 9,328 2,529 6,004 116,066 Risk rating 4 - acceptable risk 60,922 105,014 40,604 24,895 5,066 236,501 Risk rating 5 - pass/watch 4,793 11,532 1,398 471 - 18,194 Risk rating 6 - special mention - 108 - - 161 269 Risk rating 7 - substandard 336 495 - 93 - 924 Risk rating 8 - doubtful - - - - - - TOTALS $ 127,899 $ 161,009 $ 51,330 $ 28,091 $ 60,325 $ 428,654 Retail loan portfolio: Credit risk profiles based on delinquency status Single family Retail loan classification Consumer residential** Other retail totals (dollars in thousands) Performing - risk ratings 1 - 6 $ 9,896 $ 258,216 $ 32,388 $ 300,500 Risk rated 7* 18 2,038 56 2,112 TOTALS $ 9,914 $ 260,254 $ 32,444 $ 302,612 *Loans are classified as nonperforming loans and are automatically placed on nonaccrual status once they reach 90 days past due. For the purposes of this table, the total includes all risk rated 7 loans, of which may be performing or non-performing. **Single family residential loans includes first mortgages, closed-end second mortgages, residential construction loans, and home equity lines of credit (HELOCs). December 31, 2014 Commercial loan portfolio: Credit Non-farm, non- Construction Commercial risk profile by internally assigned Commercial residential real and loans secured Other Commercial grade and industrial estate development by real estate commercial loan totals (dollars in thousands) Risk rating 1 - minimal risk $ 1,004 $ 466 $ - $ 113 $ 1 $ 1,584 Risk rating 2 - modest risk 3,908 314 - 30,408 34,630 Risk rating 3 - average risk 47,047 46,784 18,903 4,700 5,712 123,146 Risk rating 4 - acceptable risk 42,116 101,809 29,808 21,682 3,802 199,217 Risk rating 5 - pass/watch 3,143 9,763 1,713 1,115 - 15,734 Risk rating 6 - special mention - 958 - - 170 1,128 Risk rating 7 - substandard 2,570 3,367 - 327 1,092 7,356 Risk rating 8 - doubtful - - - - - - TOTALS $ 99,788 $ 163,461 $ 50,424 $ 27,937 $ 41,185 $ 382,795 Retail loan portfolio: Credit risk profiles based on delinquency status Single family Retail loan classification Consumer residential** Other retail totals (dollars in thousands) Risk ratings 1 - 6 $ 9,494 $ 226,637 $ 29,683 $ 265,814 Nonperforming - risk rating 7* 42 2,922 479 3,443 TOTALS $ 9,536 $ 229,559 $ 30,162 $ 269,257 *Loans are classified as nonperforming loans and are automatically placed on nonaccrual status once they reach 90 days past due. For the purposes of this table, the total includes all risk rated 7 loans, of which may be performing or non-performing. **Single family residential loans includes first mortgages, closed-end second mortgages, residential construction loans, and home equity lines of credit (HELOCs). |