Note 3 - Fair Value Measurements | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2013 |
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | ' |
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block] | ' |
Note 3. Fair Value Measurements |
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Various inputs are used in determining the fair value of our assets and liabilities carried at fair value and are summarized into three broad categories: |
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| ● | Level 1 – unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical securities; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| ● | Level 2 – other significant observable inputs, including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.; and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| ● | Level 3 – significant unobservable inputs, including our own assumptions in determining fair value. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The inputs or methodology used for valuing securities is not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in those securities. |
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Following are the disclosures related to our financial assets and liabilities (in thousands): |
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| | 30-Sep-13 | | 31-Dec-12 | | | | | | | | |
| | Fair Value | | Input Level | | Fair Value | | Input Level | | | | | | | | |
Trading and investment securities owned: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate equities, marketable | | $ | 5,016 | | Level 1 | | $ | 3,463 | | Level 1 | | | | | | | | |
Corporate equities, not readily marketable | | | 4,332 | | Level 3 | | | 4,878 | | Level 3 | | | | | | | | |
Corporate options/warrants, marketable | | | 58 | | Level 1 | | | 159 | | Level 1 | | | | | | | | |
Underwriter warrants | | | 1,069 | | Level 3 | | | 1,548 | | Level 3 | | | | | | | | |
Trading securities sold, not yet purchased: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate equities, marketable | | | - | | Level 1 | | | - | | Level 1 | | | | | | | | |
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Following is a summary of activity related to our Level 3 financial assets and liabilities (in thousands): |
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| | Underwriter Warrants | | | Not Readily Marketable Investment Securities | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2012 | | $ | 1,548 | | | $ | 4,878 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value of underwriter warrants received included as a component of corporate finance income | | | 141 | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment in privately-held company | | | - | | | | 100 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net unrealized loss, included as a component of investment income related to securities held | | | (506 | ) | | | (646 | ) | | | | | | | | | | |
Underwriter warrants exercised or expired included as a component of investment income | | | (114 | ) | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, September 30, 2013 | | $ | 1,069 | | | $ | 4,332 | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | Underwriter Warrants | | | Not Readily Marketable Investment Securities | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2011 | | $ | 1,395 | | | $ | 3,857 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value of underwriter warrants received included as a component of corporate finance income | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment in privately-held company | | | - | | | | 439 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net unrealized gain (loss), included as a component of investment loss related to securities held | | | (51 | ) | | | (380 | ) | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, September 30, 2012 | | $ | 1,344 | | | $ | 3,916 | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Valuation of Marketable Trading and Investment Securities Owned |
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The fair value of marketable trading and investment securities owned is determined based on quoted market prices. Securities traded on a national exchange are stated at the last reported sales price on the day of valuation; other securities traded in the over-the-counter market and listed securities for which no sale was reported on that date are stated at the last quoted bid price. |
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Valuation of Not Readily Marketable Investment Securities |
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Securities not readily marketable include investment securities (a) for which there is no market on a securities exchange or no independent publicly quoted market, (b) that cannot be publicly offered or sold unless registration has been effected under the Securities Act of 1933, or (c) that cannot be offered or sold because of other arrangements, restrictions or conditions applicable to the securities or to us. The fair value of not readily marketable securities is estimated by management using available information including the following: quoted market prices of similar securities (i.e., unrestricted shares of the same company); price of recent known trades of the same or similar securities; the cost of the security, if recently purchased, adjusted for changes in the financial condition of the issuer; all other information available from review of available documents related to the issuer or discussions with management of the issuer. Significant unobservable inputs include the discount rate for lack of liquidity, and the volatility index of comparable companies. Changes to these unobservable inputs would cause the fair value to fluctuate substantially. |
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Valuation of Underwriter Warrants |
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We estimate the fair value of our underwriter warrants using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. The warrants generally have a five-year expiration date and vest immediately. The warrants are generally subject to a restriction period of six months to one-year in which we cannot exercise the warrants. The Black-Scholes model requires us to use five inputs including: stock price, risk free rate, exercise price, time remaining on the warrant and price volatility. After stock price, the most influential factor in this model is price volatility, which we calculate for each company’s warrants based on each company’s own historical closing stock prices as well as an index of historical prices for comparable companies. When we initially receive a new underwriter warrant from an initial public offering, its calculated volatility factor is entirely based on the volatility of an index of comparable companies, since there is no price history for a new publicly traded company. As each underwriter warrant approaches its expiration date, its volatility factor is derived primarily from the historical prices of its underlying common stock. Private company underwriter warrant valuations use the volatility index of comparable public companies. There is no assurance that we will ultimately be able to exercise any of our warrants in a way that will realize the value that we attribute to them in our financial statements based on this model. |
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Valuation of Trading Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased |
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As a securities broker-dealer, we are engaged in various securities trading and brokerage activities as principal. In the normal course of business, we sometimes sell securities that we do not currently own and will therefore be obligated to purchase such securities at a future date. This obligation is recorded on our balance sheet at the fair value based on quoted market prices of the related securities and will result in a trading loss on the securities if the fair value increases and a trading gain if the fair value decreases between the balance sheet date and the purchase date. |
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There were no changes to our valuation methods or techniques during the first nine-month periods of 2013 or 2012. |
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The following table is a quantitative disclosure about the significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) that were used in determining fair value at September 30, 2013: |
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| | Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements | |
| | Fair Value at | | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | | Range | | | Weighted Average | |
30-Sep-13 |
| | | | | | | | Minimum | | | Maximum | | | | | |
Investments in privately-held companies | | $ | 4,332 | | Income approach; Market approach; Asset approach | Discount rate for lack of liquidity | | | 20 | % | | | 20 | % | | | 20 | % |
Underwriter warrants | | | 1,069 | | Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model | Volatility index of comparable companies | | | 61.2 | % | | | 92.6 | % | | | 78.4 | % |
| | $ | 5,401 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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