General Information and Accounting Policies (Policies) | 6 Months Ended |
Nov. 30, 2013 |
General Information and Accounting Policies | ' |
Basis of Presentation | ' |
| (a) | Basis of Presentation | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The accompanying financial statements include the consolidated accounts of National Rural Utilities Cooperative Finance Corporation (“CFC”), Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (“RTFC”), National Cooperative Services Corporation (“NCSC”) and certain entities created and controlled by CFC to hold foreclosed assets and accommodate loan securitization transactions, after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions. |
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Unless stated otherwise, references to “we,” “our” or “us” represent the consolidation of CFC, RTFC, NCSC and certain entities created and controlled by CFC to hold foreclosed assets and accommodate loan securitization transactions. Foreclosed assets are held by two subsidiaries controlled by CFC. Denton Realty Partners, LP (“DRP”) holds a land development loan and a related limited partnership interest. CAH holds our investment in cable and telecommunications operating entities in the United States Virgin Islands (“USVI”), British Virgin Islands and St. Maarten. |
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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses reported in the financial statements, as well as amounts included in the notes thereto, including discussion and disclosure of contingent liabilities. The accounting estimates that require our most significant and subjective judgments include the allowance for loan losses and the determination of the fair value of our derivatives and certain aspects of our foreclosed assets. While we use our best estimates and judgments based on the known facts at the date of the financial statements, actual results could differ from these estimates as future events occur. |
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These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2013. |
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In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (which consist only of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of our results of operations and financial position for the interim periods presented. |
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Variable Interest Entities | ' |
| (b) | Variable Interest Entities | | | | | | | | | | | |
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We are required to consolidate the financial results of RTFC and NCSC because CFC is the primary beneficiary of variable interests in RTFC and NCSC due to its exposure to absorbing the majority of their expected losses and because CFC manages the lending activities of RTFC and NCSC. Under separate guarantee agreements, RTFC and NCSC pay CFC a fee to indemnify against loan losses. CFC is the sole lender to and manages the business operations of RTFC through a management agreement in effect until December 1, 2016, which is automatically renewed for one-year terms thereafter unless terminated by either party. CFC is the primary source of funding to and manages the lending activities of NCSC through a management agreement that is automatically renewable on an annual basis unless terminated by either party. NCSC funds its lending programs through loans from CFC or debt guaranteed by CFC. In connection with these guarantees, NCSC must pay a guarantee fee and purchase from CFC interest-bearing subordinated term certificates in proportion to the related guarantee. |
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RTFC and NCSC creditors have no recourse against CFC in the event of a default by RTFC and NCSC, unless there is a guarantee agreement under which CFC has guaranteed NCSC or RTFC debt obligations to a third party. At November 30, 2013, CFC had guaranteed $82 million of NCSC debt, derivative instruments and guarantees with third parties, and CFC’s maximum potential exposure for these instruments totaled $89 million. The maturities for NCSC obligations guaranteed by CFC run through 2031. Guarantees of NCSC debt and derivative instruments are not included in Note 10, Guarantees, as the debt and derivatives are reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. At November 30, 2013, CFC guaranteed $2 million of RTFC guarantees with third parties. The maturities for RTFC obligations guaranteed by CFC run through 2015 and are renewed on an annual basis. All CFC loans to RTFC and NCSC are secured by all assets and revenue of RTFC and NCSC. At November 30, 2013, RTFC had total assets of $583 million including loans outstanding to members of $467 million, and NCSC had total assets of $757 million including loans outstanding of $732 million. At November 30, 2013, CFC had committed to lend RTFC up to $4,000 million, of which $447 million was outstanding. At November 30, 2013, CFC had committed to provide up to $3,000 million of credit to NCSC, of which $799 million was outstanding, representing $717 million of outstanding loans and $82 million of credit enhancements. |
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Loan Sales | ' |
| (c) | Loan Sales | | | | | | | | | | | |
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We account for the sale of loans resulting from direct loan sales to third parties and securitization transactions by removing the financial assets from our condensed consolidated balance sheets when control has been surrendered. We retain the servicing performance obligations on these loans and recognize related servicing fees on an accrual basis over the period for which servicing activity is provided. Deferred transaction costs and unamortized deferred loan origination costs related to the loans sold are included in the calculation of the gain or loss on the sale. We do not hold any continuing interest in the loans sold to date other than servicing performance obligations. We have no obligation to repurchase loans from the purchaser, except in the case of breaches of representations and warranties. |
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During the six months ended November 30, 2013 and 2012, we sold CFC loans with outstanding balances totaling $37 million and $98 million, respectively, at par for cash. We recorded a loss on sale of loans, representing the unamortized deferred loan origination costs and transaction costs for the loans sold, which was immaterial during the six months ended November 30, 2013 and 2012. |
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Interest Income | ' |
| (d) | Interest Income | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Interest income on loans is recognized using the effective interest method. The following table presents the components of interest income: |
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| | For the three months ended | | For the six months ended | |
November 30, | November 30, |
(dollar amounts in thousands) | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2013 | | 2012 | |
Interest on long-term fixed-rate loans | | $ | 221,952 | | $ | 218,247 | | $ | 446,535 | | $ | 436,187 | |
Interest on long-term variable-rate loans | | | 4,826 | | | 4,893 | | | 9,654 | | | 10,918 | |
Interest on line of credit loans | | | 7,505 | | | 7,413 | | | 15,077 | | | 15,105 | |
Interest on restructured loans | | | - | | | 7,625 | | | 136 | | | 13,087 | |
Interest on investments | | | 1,817 | | | 1,576 | | | 3,753 | | | 2,514 | |
Fee income (1) | | | 3,154 | | | 1,876 | | | 5,170 | | | 3,904 | |
Total interest income | | $ | 239,254 | | $ | 241,630 | | $ | 480,325 | | $ | 481,715 | |
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(1) Primarily related to conversion fees that are deferred and recognized using the effective interest method over the remaining original loan interest rate pricing term, except for a small portion of the total fee charged to cover administrative costs related to the conversion, which is recognized immediately. |
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Deferred income on the condensed consolidated balance sheets primarily includes deferred conversion fees totaling $69 million and $21 million at November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, respectively. |
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Interest Expense | ' |
| (e) | Interest Expense | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The following table presents the components of interest expense: |
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| | For the three months ended | | For the six months ended | |
November 30, | November 30, |
(dollar amounts in thousands) | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2013 | | 2012 | |
Interest expense on debt (1): | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Short-term debt | | $ | 1,607 | | $ | 1,697 | | $ | 3,039 | | $ | 3,316 | |
Medium-term notes | | | 20,980 | | | 24,833 | | | 42,551 | | | 52,716 | |
Collateral trust bonds | | | 74,858 | | | 82,271 | | | 151,656 | | | 163,710 | |
Subordinated deferrable debt | | | 4,750 | | | 2,807 | | | 9,500 | | | 5,613 | |
Subordinated certificates | | | 20,494 | | | 20,528 | | | 41,120 | | | 40,882 | |
Long-term notes payable | | | 38,759 | | | 37,915 | | | 76,698 | | | 76,311 | |
Debt issuance costs (2) | | | 1,782 | | | 1,905 | | | 3,647 | | | 3,842 | |
Fee expense (3) | | | 2,115 | | | 2,345 | | | 4,719 | | | 4,507 | |
Total interest expense | | $ | 165,345 | | $ | 174,301 | | $ | 332,930 | | $ | 350,897 | |
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(1) Represents interest expense and the amortization of discounts on debt. |
(2) Includes amortization of all deferred charges related to the issuance of debt, principally underwriters’ fees, legal fees, printing costs and comfort letter fees. Amortization is calculated using the effective interest method or a method approximating the effective interest method. Also includes issuance costs related to dealer commercial paper, which are recognized as incurred. |
(3) Includes various fees related to funding activities, including fees paid to banks participating in our revolving credit agreements. |
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We exclude indirect costs, if any, related to funding activities from interest expense. |
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Derivative Financial Instruments | ' |
| (f) | Derivative Financial Instruments | | | | | | | | | | | |
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We are an end user of financial derivative instruments and not a swap dealer. We use derivatives such as interest rate swaps and treasury rate locks to mitigate interest rate risk. Consistent with the accounting standards for derivative financial instruments, we record derivative instruments (including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts) on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. In recording the fair value of derivative assets and liabilities, we do not net our positions under contracts with individual counterparties. Accrued cash settlements on our derivatives are recorded as accrued interest and other receivables and accrued interest payable line items of the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments along with realized gains and losses from cash settlements are recognized in the derivative gains (losses) line item of the condensed consolidated statement of operations unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. |
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We formally document, designate and assess the effectiveness of transactions that receive hedge accounting treatment. If applicable hedge accounting criteria are satisfied, the change in fair value of derivative instruments is recorded to other comprehensive income, and net cash settlements are recorded in interest expense. The gain or loss on derivatives used as a cash flow hedge of a forecasted debt transaction is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the hedged debt. Any ineffectiveness in the hedging relationship is recognized in the derivative gains (losses) line of the statement of operations. |
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Cash activity associated with interest rate swaps is classified as an operating activity in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. |
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Reclassifications | ' |
| (g) | Reclassifications | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Reclassifications of prior period amounts have been made to conform to the current reporting format and the presentation in our Form 10-Q for the six months ended November 30, 2013. Specifically, time deposits with financial institutions have been reclassified from the investments line item and presented as a separate line item on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of May 31, 2013. |
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Immaterial Correction of Errors | ' |
| (h) | Immaterial Correction of Errors | | | | | | | | | | | |
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During the third quarter of fiscal year 2013, we identified two errors in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows related to (1) the classification of advances and sale proceeds of loans sold and (2) the presentation of short-term debt with an original maturity of greater than 90 days. We corrected our previously reported condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended November 30, 2012 herein to reflect the impact of the immaterial errors. The errors and the corrections have no effect on the change in cash, our total cash balance, liquidity, condensed consolidated balance sheet, condensed consolidated statement of operations, key ratios or covenant compliance for any period. We concluded that the errors were not material to any of the previously reported quarterly or annual periods. |
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The effect of recording the correction of the immaterial errors in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended November 30, 2012, is presented below: |
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| | For the six months ended November 30, 2012 | | | | |
(dollar amounts in thousands) | | As Filed | | Adjustment | | Corrected | | | | |
Advances made on loans | | $ | -2,584,296 | | $ | 98,147 | | $ | -2,486,149 | | | | |
Net proceeds from sale of loans | | | 98,147 | | | -98,147 | | | - | | | | |
Proceeds from issuances of short-term debt, net | | | 215,087 | | | -124,234 | | | 90,853 | | | | |
Proceeds from issuances of short term debt with original maturity greater than 90 days | | | - | | | 322,406 | | | 322,406 | | | | |
Repayments of short term debt with original maturity greater than 90 days | | | - | | | -198,172 | | | -198,172 | | | | |
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New Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
| (i) | New Accounting Pronouncements | | | | | | | | | | | |
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In December 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, which requires enhanced disclosures about certain financial assets and liabilities that are subject to enforceable master netting agreements or similar agreements, or that have otherwise been offset on the balance sheet under certain specific conditions that permit net presentation. In January 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update, Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, which clarifies that the scope of the above guidance is limited to derivatives, repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and lending transactions. The guidance was effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2014. See Note 8, Derivative Financial Instruments, for additional disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities. |
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In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which requires enhanced disclosures of the amounts reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income by component. In addition, an entity is required to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income by the respective line items of net income, but only if the amount reclassified is required under GAAP to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. The guidance was effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2014 and did not have a material effect on the condensed consolidated financial statements, as the amounts reclassified out of other comprehensive income are immaterial for all periods presented. |
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Fair Value Measurement | ' |
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis |
We account for derivative instruments in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. There is not an active secondary market for the types of interest rate swaps we use. Our process to estimate the fair value of our derivative instruments involves multiple steps including consideration of indicative quotes from counterparties and use of a discounted cash flow model. We obtain indicative quotes from the interest rate swap counterparties to estimate fair value on a quarterly basis. The indicative quotes are based on the expected future cash flow and the estimated yield curve. |
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We perform analysis to validate the indicative quotes obtained from our swap counterparties and investigate any significant differences. We adjust the market values received from the counterparties using credit default swap levels for us and the counterparties. The credit default swap levels represent the credit risk premium required by a market participant based on the available information related to us and the counterparty. We only enter into swap agreements with counterparties that are participating in our revolving lines of credit at the time the exchange agreements are executed. All of our swap agreements are subject to master netting agreements. |
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Our valuation technique for interest rate swaps is based on discounted cash flows and we utilize observable inputs, which reflect market data. To calculate fair value, we determine the forward curve. The forward curve allows us to determine the projected floating rate cash flows and the discount factors needed to calculate the net present value of each interest payment. The significant observable inputs for our derivatives include Spot LIBOR rates, Eurodollar futures contracts, and market swap rates. |
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Fair values for our interest rate swaps are classified as a Level 2 valuation. We record the change in the fair value of our derivatives for each reporting period in the derivative gains (losses) line, included in non-interest income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, as currently none of our derivatives qualify for hedge accounting. |
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Our investments in equity securities include investments in the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Class A common stock and Series A preferred stock and are recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value. We calculate fair value of the investments based on the quoted price on the stock exchange where the stock is traded. That stock exchange is an active market based on the volume of shares transacted. Fair values for these securities are classified as a Level 1 valuation. For the three and six months ended November 30, 2013 we recorded an unrealized loss of $1 million and $5 million, respectively, compared to an unrealized gain of $1 million for the prior-year periods in accumulated other comprehensive income on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. |
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Deferred compensation investments are recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets in the other assets category at fair value. We calculate fair value based on the quoted price on the stock exchange where the funds are traded. That stock exchange is an active market based on the volume of shares transacted. The amounts are invested in highly liquid indices and mutual funds and are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. |
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Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis |
We may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Any adjustments to fair value usually result from application of lower-of-cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets. At November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, we measured certain collateral-dependent non-performing loans at fair value. We utilize the collateral fair value underlying the loan in estimating the specific loan loss allowance. To estimate the fair value of the collateral, we may use third party valuation specialists, internal estimates or a combination of both. The valuation technique used to determine fair value of the non-performing loans provided by both our internal staff and third party specialists includes market multiples (i.e., comparable companies). The significant unobservable inputs used in the determination of fair value include EBITDA multiples ranging from 3.5x to 5.0x. The material inputs used in estimating fair value by both internal staff and third party specialists are Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. In these instances, the valuation is considered to be a non-recurring item. The significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets that are valued using fair values obtained from third party specialists are reviewed by our Credit Risk Management group to assess the reasonableness of the assumptions used and the accuracy of the work performed. In cases where we rely on third party inputs, we use the final unadjusted third party valuation analysis as support for any financial statement adjustments and disclosures to the financial statements. The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs for assets classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, which are measured using an internal model, are independently reviewed by other internal staff. |
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Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, were classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. Any increase or decrease to significant unobservable inputs used in the determination of fair value will not have a material impact on the fair value measurement of those assets or to the results of operations of the Company. For the three and six months ended November 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, there were no losses on our non-performing loans. |
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments | ' |
See Note 11, Fair Value Measurement, for more details on assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We consider observable prices in the principal market in our valuations where possible. Fair value estimates were developed at the reporting date and may not necessarily be indicative of amounts that could ultimately be realized in a market transaction at a future date. There were no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the six months ended November 30, 2013 and the year ended May 31, 2013. |
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With the exception of redeeming debt under early redemption provisions, terminating derivative instruments under early termination provisions and allowing borrowers to prepay their loans, we held and intend to hold all financial instruments to maturity excluding common stock and preferred stock investments that have no stated maturity. Below is a summary of significant methodologies used in estimating fair value amounts at November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013. |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents includes cash and certificates of deposit with original maturities of less than 90 days. Cash and cash equivalents are valued at the carrying value, which approximates fair value. Cash and cash equivalents are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. At November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, cash and cash equivalents classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy totaled $301 million and $177 million, respectively. |
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Restricted Cash |
Restricted cash consists of cash and cash equivalents for which use is contractually restricted. Restricted cash is valued at the carrying value, which approximates fair value. Restricted cash is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. At November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, restricted cash classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy totaled $9 million and $8 million, respectively. |
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Investments |
Our investments include investments in the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Class A common stock and Series A preferred stock. The Class A common stock and Series A preferred stock are classified as available-for-sale securities and recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value. We calculate fair value based on the quoted price on the stock exchange where the stock is traded. That stock exchange is an active market based on the volume of shares transacted. The common stock and preferred stock are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. At November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, investments classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy totaled $26 million and $32 million, respectively. |
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Time Deposits |
Time deposits with financial institutions in interest bearing accounts have maturities of less than one year as of the reporting date and are valued at the carrying value, which approximates fair value. The deposits are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. At November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, time deposits classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy totaled $800 million and $700 million, respectively. |
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Deferred Compensation Investments |
CFC offers a non-qualified 457(b) deferred compensation plan to highly compensated employees. Such amounts deferred by employees are invested by the company. The deferred compensation investments are recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets in the other assets category at fair value. We calculate fair value based on the quoted price on the stock exchange where the funds are traded. That stock exchange is an active market based on the volume of shares transacted. The amounts are invested in highly liquid indices and mutual funds and are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. At November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, deferred compensation investments classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy totaled $4 million. |
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Loans to Members, net |
As part of receiving a loan from us, our members have additional requirements and rights that are not typical of other financial institutions, such as the ability to receive a patronage capital allocation, the general requirement to purchase subordinated certificates or member capital securities to meet their capital contribution requirements as a condition of obtaining additional credit from us, the option to select fixed rates from one year to maturity with the fixed rate resetting or repricing at the end of each selected rate term, the ability to convert from a fixed rate to another fixed rate or the variable rate at any time, and certain interest rate discounts that are specific to the borrower’s activity with us. These features make it difficult to obtain market data for similar loans. Therefore, we must use other methods to estimate the fair value. |
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Fair values for fixed-rate loans are estimated using a discounted cash flow technique by discounting the future expected cash flows using the current rates at which we would make similar loans to new borrowers for the same remaining maturities. The maturity date used in the fair value calculation of loans with a fixed rate for a selected rate term is the next repricing date since these borrowers must reprice their loans at various times throughout the life of the loan at the current market rate. |
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Loans with different risk characteristics, specifically non-performing and restructured loans, are valued by using collateral valuations or by adjusting cash flows for credit risk and discounting those cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made by us to borrowers for the same remaining maturities. See Note 11, Fair Value Measurement, for more details about how we calculate the fair value of certain non-performing loans. |
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The carrying value of our variable rate loans adjusted for credit risk approximates fair value since variable-rate loans are eligible to be reset at least monthly. |
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Loans to members are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and at November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, totaled $20,746 million and $21,318 million, respectively. |
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Debt Service Reserve Funds |
Debt service reserve funds represent cash and/or investments on deposit with the bond trustee for tax-exempt bonds that we guarantee. Debt service reserve fund investments are comprised of actively traded tax exempt municipal bonds and commercial paper. Carrying value is considered to be equal to fair value. Debt service reserve funds are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. At November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, debt service reserve funds classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy totaled $39 million and $40 million, respectively. |
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Short-Term Debt |
Short-term debt consists of commercial paper, select notes, bank bid notes, daily liquidity fund and other long-term debt due within one year. The fair value of short-term debt with maturities less than or equal to 90 days is carrying value, which is a reasonable estimate of fair value. The fair value of short-term debt with maturities greater than 90 days is estimated based on discounted cash flows and quoted market rates for debt with similar maturities. Short-term debt classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy is comprised of dealer commercial paper, bank bid notes, and daily liquidity fund. At November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, short-term debt classified within the Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy is based on quoted prices in active markets and totaled $2,633 million and $2,840 million, respectively. Short-term debt classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy is comprised of member commercial paper, non-member commercial paper and select notes. At November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, short-term debt classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy was determined based on discounted cash flows using discount rates consistent with current market rates for similar products with similar remaining terms and totaled $1,625 million and $1,210 million, respectively. |
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Short-term debt classified within Level 2 also includes our collateral trust bonds and medium-term notes maturing within one year. At November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, short-term debt classified within the Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy totaled $1,639 million and $2,912 million, respectively. The fair value of short term debt classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy was determined based on discounted cash flows using a pricing model that incorporates available market information such as indicative benchmark yields and credit spread assumptions that are provided by third party pricing services such as our banks that underwrite our other debt transactions. |
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Short-term debt classified within the Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy includes our notes payable, members’ subordinated certificates and members’ capital securities due within one year and totaled $584 million and $789 million at November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, respectively. The fair value of short term debt classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy was determined based on discounted cash flows using benchmark yields and spreads for similar instruments supplied by underwriter quotes for similar instruments, if available. Secondary trading quotes for our debt instruments used in the determination of fair value incorporate our credit risk. |
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Long-Term Debt |
Long-term debt consists of collateral trust bonds, medium-term notes and long-term notes payable. We issue all collateral trust bonds and some medium-term notes in underwritten public transactions. Collateral trust bonds and medium-term notes are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. At November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, long-term debt classified within the Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy totaled $8,187 million and $7,410 million, respectively. The fair value of long- term debt classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy was determined based on discounted cash flows. There is no active secondary trading for all underwritten collateral trust bonds and medium-term notes; therefore, dealer quotes and recent market prices are both used in estimating fair value. There is essentially no secondary market for the medium-term notes issued to our members or in transactions that are not underwritten; therefore, fair value is estimated based on observable benchmark yields and spreads for similar instruments supplied by banks that underwrite our other debt transactions. |
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The long-term notes payable are issued in private placement transactions and there is no secondary trading of such debt. Long-term notes payable are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Long-term debt classified within the Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy totaled $5,257 million and $4,746 million at November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, respectively. The fair value was determined based on discounted cash flows using benchmark yields and spreads for similar instruments supplied by underwriter quotes for similar instruments, if available. Secondary trading quotes for our debt instruments used in the determination of fair value incorporate our credit risk. |
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Guarantees |
The fair value of our guarantee liability is based on the fair value of our contingent and non-contingent exposure related to our guarantees. The fair value of our contingent exposure for guarantees is based on management’s estimate of our exposure to losses within the guarantee portfolio using a discounted cash flow method. The fair value of our non-contingent exposure for guarantees issued is estimated based on the total unamortized balance of guarantee fees paid and guarantee fees to be paid discounted at our current short-term funding rate, which represents management’s estimate of the fair value of our obligation to stand ready to perform. Guarantees are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, guarantees classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy totaled $27 million and $28 million, respectively. |
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Subordinated Deferrable Debt |
Subordinated deferrable debt outstanding was issued in an underwritten public transaction. There is not active secondary trading for this subordinated deferrable debt; therefore, dealer quotes and recent market prices are both used in estimating fair value based on a discounted cash flow method. Subordinated deferrable debt is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. At November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, subordinated deferrable debt classified within the Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy totaled $376 million and $404 million, respectively. |
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Members’ Subordinated Certificates |
Members’ subordinated certificates include (i) membership subordinated certificates issued to our members, (ii) loan and guarantee subordinated certificates issued as a condition of obtaining loan funds or guarantees and (iii) member capital securities issued as voluntary investments by our members. Membership, loan and guarantee subordinated certificates are non-transferable other than among members with CFC’s consent. There is no ready market from which to obtain fair value quotes for membership, loan and guarantee subordinated certificates. These certificates are valued at par. There also is no ready market from which to obtain fair value quotes for member capital securities. Fair value for member capital securities is based on the discounted cash flows using the coupon interest rate on the last business day of the reporting period. Members’ subordinated certificates are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, members’ subordinated certificates classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy totaled $1,755 million and $1,881 million, respectively. |
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Derivative Instruments |
We record derivative instruments in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. Because there is not an active secondary market for the types of interest rate swaps we use, we obtain indicative quotes from the interest rate swap counterparties to estimate fair value on a quarterly basis. The indicative quotes are based on the expected future cash flow and estimated yield curves. We adjust the market values received from the counterparties using credit default swap levels for us and the counterparties. The credit default swap levels represent the credit risk premium required by a market participant based on the available information related to us and the counterparty. Derivative instruments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. At November 30, 2013 and May 31, 2013, derivative asset instruments classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy totaled $292 million and $258 million, respectively, and derivative liability instruments classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy totaled $398 million and $475 million, respectively. |
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Commitments |
The fair value of our commitments is estimated as the carrying value, or zero. Extensions of credit under these commitments, if exercised, would result in loans priced at market rates. |
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