Loans and Allowance for Probable Loan Losses | Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Loans in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are classified as follows (in thousands): June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Real estate loans: Construction $ 579,565 $ 507,732 1-4 family residential 782,073 794,499 Commercial 1,251,248 1,194,118 Commercial loans 389,521 356,649 Municipal loans 357,028 353,370 Loans to individuals 100,708 106,431 Total loans 3,460,143 3,312,799 Less: Allowance for loan losses (1) 24,705 27,019 Net loans $ 3,435,438 $ 3,285,780 (1) The allowance for loan losses recorded on purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) loans totaled $139,000 and $302,000 as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. Construction Real Estate Loans Our construction loans are collateralized by property located primarily in or near the market areas we serve. A number of our construction loans will be owner occupied upon completion. Construction loans for non-owner occupied projects are financed, but these typically have cash flows from leases with tenants, secondary sources of repayment, and in some cases, additional collateral. Our construction loans have both adjustable and fixed interest rates during the construction period. Construction loans to individuals are typically priced and made with the intention of granting the permanent loan on the property. Speculative and commercial construction loans are subject to underwriting standards similar to that of the commercial portfolio. Owner occupied 1-4 family residential construction loans are subject to the underwriting standards of the permanent loan. 1-4 Family Residential Real Estate Loans Residential loan originations are generated by our loan officers, in-house origination staff, marketing efforts, present customers, walk-in customers and referrals from real estate agents and builders. We focus our lending efforts primarily on the origination of loans secured by first mortgages on owner occupied 1-4 family residences. Substantially all of our 1-4 family residential originations are secured by properties located in or near our market areas. Our 1-4 family residential loans generally have maturities ranging from five to 30 years. These loans are typically fully amortizing with monthly payments sufficient to repay the total amount of the loan. Our 1-4 family residential loans are made at both fixed and adjustable interest rates. Underwriting for 1-4 family residential loans includes debt-to-income analysis, credit history analysis, appraised value and down payment considerations. Changes in the market value of real estate can affect the potential losses in the portfolio. Commercial Real Estate Loans Commercial real estate loans as of June 30, 2019 consisted of $1.14 billion of owner and non-owner occupied real estate, $96.3 million of loans secured by multi-family properties and $18.1 million of loans secured by farmland. Commercial real estate loans primarily include loans collateralized by retail, commercial office buildings, multi-family residential buildings, medical facilities and offices, senior living, assisted living and skilled nursing facilities, warehouse facilities, hotels and churches. Management does not consider there to be a risk in any one industry type. In determining whether to originate commercial real estate loans, we generally consider such factors as the financial condition of the borrower and the debt service coverage of the property. Commercial real estate loans are made at both fixed and adjustable interest rates for terms generally up to 20 years. Commercial Loans Our commercial loans are diversified loan types including short-term working capital loans for inventory and accounts receivable and short- and medium-term loans for equipment or other business capital expansion. Management does not consider there to be a concentration of risk in any one industry type. In our commercial loan underwriting, we assess the creditworthiness, ability to repay and the value and liquidity of the collateral being offered. Terms of commercial loans are generally commensurate with the useful life of the collateral offered. Municipal Loans We have a specific lending department that makes loans to municipalities and school districts primarily throughout the state of Texas, with a small percentage originating outside of the state. The majority of the loans to municipalities and school districts have tax or revenue pledges and in some cases are additionally supported by collateral. Municipal loans made without a direct pledge of taxes or revenues are usually made based on some type of collateral that represents an essential service. Lending money directly to these municipalities allows us to earn a higher yield than we could if we purchased municipal securities for similar durations. Loans to Individuals Substantially all originations of our loans to individuals are made to consumers in our market areas. The majority of loans to individuals are collateralized by titled equipment, which are primarily automobiles. Loan terms vary according to the type and value of collateral, length of contract and creditworthiness of the borrower. The underwriting standards we employ for consumer loans include an application, a determination of the applicant’s payment history on other debts, with the greatest weight being given to payment history with us and an assessment of the borrower’s ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed loan. Although creditworthiness of the applicant is a primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes a comparison of the value of the collateral, if any, in relation to the proposed loan amount. Most of our loans to individuals are collateralized, which management believes assists in limiting our exposure. Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is based on the most current review of the loan portfolio and is a result of multiple processes. First, we utilize historical net charge-off data to establish general reserve amounts for each class of loans. The historical charge-off figure is further adjusted through qualitative factors that include general trends in past dues, nonaccruals and classified loans to more effectively and promptly react to both positive and negative movements not reflected in the historical data. Second, our lenders have the primary responsibility for identifying problem loans based on customer financial stress and underlying collateral. These recommendations are reviewed by senior loan administration, the special assets department and the loan review department on a monthly basis. Third, the loan review department independently reviews the portfolio on an annual basis. The loan review department follows a board-approved annual loan review scope. The loan review scope encompasses a number of considerations including the size of the loan, the type of credit extended, the seasoning of the loan and the performance of the loan. The loan review scope, as it relates to size, focuses more on larger dollar loan relationships, typically aggregate debt of $500,000 or greater. The loan review officer also reviews specific reserves compared to general reserves to determine trends in comparative reserves as well as losses not reserved for prior to charge-off to determine the effectiveness of the specific reserve process. At each review, a subjective analysis methodology is used to grade the respective loan. Categories of grading vary in severity from loans that do not appear to have a significant probability of loss at the time of review to loans that indicate a probability that the entire balance of the loan will be uncollectible. If at the time of the review we determine it is probable we will not collect the principal and interest cash flows contractually due on the loan, estimates of future expected cash flows or appraisals of the collateral securing the debt are used to determine the necessary allowance. The internal loan review department maintains a list (“Watch List”) of all loans or loan relationships that are graded as having more than the normal degree of risk associated with them. In addition, a list of specifically reserved loans or loan relationships of $150,000 or more is updated on a quarterly basis in order to properly determine necessary allowances and keep management informed on the status of attempts to correct the deficiencies noted with respect to the loans. We calculate historical loss ratios for pools of loans with similar characteristics based on the proportion of actual charge-offs experienced, consistent with the characteristics of remaining loans, to the total population of loans in the pool. The historical gross loss ratios are updated quarterly based on actual charge-off experience and adjusted for qualitative factors. All loans are subject to individual analysis if determined to be impaired with the exception of consumer loans and loans secured by 1-4 family residential loans. Industry and our own experience indicates that a portion of our loans will become delinquent and a portion of our loans will require partial or full charge-off. Regardless of the underwriting criteria utilized, losses may occur as a result of various factors beyond our control, including, among other things, changes in market conditions affecting the value of properties used as collateral for loans and problems affecting the credit worthiness of the borrower and the ability of the borrower to make payments on the loan. Our determination of the appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses is based on various considerations, including an analysis of the risk characteristics of various classifications of loans, previous loan loss experience, specific loans which have loan loss potential, delinquency trends, estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, current economic conditions and geographic and industry loan concentration. Credit Quality Indicators We categorize loans into risk categories on an ongoing basis based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. We use the following definitions for risk ratings: • Pass (Rating 1 – 4) – This rating is assigned to all satisfactory loans. This category, by definition, consists of acceptable credit. Credit and collateral exceptions should not be present, although their presence would not necessarily prohibit a loan from being rated Pass, if deficiencies are in the process of correction. These loans are not included in the Watch List. • Pass Watch (Rating 5) – These loans require some degree of special treatment, but not due to credit quality. This category does not include loans specially mentioned or adversely classified; however, particular attention is warranted to characteristics such as: ◦ A lack of, or abnormally extended payment program; ◦ A heavy degree of concentration of collateral without sufficient margin; ◦ A vulnerability to competition through lesser or extensive financial leverage; and ◦ A dependence on a single or few customers or sources of supply and materials without suitable substitutes or alternatives. • Special Mention (Rating 6) – A Special Mention loan has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in our credit position at some future date. Special Mention loans are not adversely classified and do not expose us to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. • Substandard (Rating 7) – Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. • Doubtful (Rating 8) – Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation, in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. All accruing loans are reserved for as a group of similar type credits and included in the general portion of the allowance for loan losses. Loans to individuals and 1-4 family residential loans, including loans not accruing, are collectively evaluated and included in the general portion of the allowance for loan losses. All loans considered troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) are evaluated individually for impairment. The general portion of the loan loss allowance is reflective of historical charge-off levels for similar loans adjusted for changes in current conditions and other relevant factors. These factors are likely to cause estimated losses to differ from historical loss experience and include: • Changes in lending policies or procedures, including underwriting, collection, charge-off and recovery procedures; • Changes in local, regional and national economic and business conditions, including entry into new markets; • Changes in the volume or type of credit extended; • Changes in the experience, ability and depth of lending management; • Changes in the volume and severity of past due, nonaccrual, restructured, or classified loans; • Changes in charge-off trends; • Changes in loan review or Board oversight; • Changes in the level of concentrations of credit; and • Changes in external factors, such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements. These factors are also considered for the non-PCI purchased loan portfolio specifically in regards to changes in credit quality, past due, nonaccrual and charge-off trends. The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Real Estate Construction 1-4 Family Residential Commercial Commercial Loans Municipal Loans Loans to Individuals Total Balance at beginning of period $ 4,259 $ 3,382 $ 10,660 $ 4,287 $ 508 $ 1,059 $ 24,155 Provision (reversal) for loan losses (2) (660 ) 137 1,516 1,266 22 225 2,506 Loans charged off — — (1,661 ) (130 ) — (606 ) (2,397 ) Recoveries of loans charged off — 3 19 123 — 296 441 Balance at end of period $ 3,599 $ 3,522 $ 10,534 $ 5,546 $ 530 $ 974 $ 24,705 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Real Estate Construction 1-4 Family Residential Commercial Commercial Loans Municipal Loans Loans to Individuals Total Balance at beginning of period $ 3,597 $ 3,844 $ 13,968 $ 3,974 $ 525 $ 1,111 $ 27,019 Provision (reversal) for loan losses (2) 2 (310 ) (596 ) 2,000 5 487 1,588 Loans charged off — (18 ) (2,876 ) (581 ) — (1,207 ) (4,682 ) Recoveries of loans charged off — 6 38 153 — 583 780 Balance at end of period $ 3,599 $ 3,522 $ 10,534 $ 5,546 $ 530 $ 974 $ 24,705 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Real Estate Construction 1-4 Family Residential Commercial Commercial Loans Municipal Loans Loans to Individuals Total Balance at beginning of period $ 3,597 $ 2,377 $ 14,089 $ 2,385 $ 851 $ 921 $ 24,220 Provision (reversal) for loan losses (2) 244 403 (57 ) 328 8 355 1,281 Loans charged off — (57 ) — (172 ) — (688 ) (917 ) Recoveries of loans charged off — 7 4 19 — 458 488 Balance at end of period $ 3,841 $ 2,730 $ 14,036 $ 2,560 $ 859 $ 1,046 $ 25,072 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Real Estate Construction 1-4 Family Residential Commercial Commercial Loans Municipal Loans Loans to Individuals Total Balance at beginning of period (1) $ 3,676 $ 2,445 $ 10,821 $ 2,094 $ 860 $ 885 $ 20,781 Provision (reversal) for loan losses (2) 179 321 3,209 661 (1 ) 647 5,016 Loans charged off (14 ) (57 ) — (257 ) — (1,356 ) (1,684 ) Recoveries of loans charged off — 21 6 62 — 870 959 Balance at end of period $ 3,841 $ 2,730 $ 14,036 $ 2,560 $ 859 $ 1,046 $ 25,072 (1) Loans acquired with the Diboll acquisition were measured at fair value on November 30, 2017 with no carryover of allowance for loan losses. (2) Of the $2.5 million and $1.6 million provision for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 , $111,000 and $163,000 related to provision expense reversed on PCI loans, respectively. Of the $1.3 million and $5.0 million recorded in provision for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 , $358,000 related to provision expense on PCI loans. The following tables present the balance in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment based on impairment method (in thousands): June 30, 2019 Real Estate Construction 1-4 Family Residential Commercial Commercial Loans Municipal Loans Loans to Individuals Total Ending balance – individually evaluated for impairment (1) $ 23 $ 66 $ 1,408 $ 782 $ — $ 90 $ 2,369 Ending balance – collectively evaluated for impairment 3,576 3,456 9,126 4,764 530 884 22,336 Balance at end of period $ 3,599 $ 3,522 $ 10,534 $ 5,546 $ 530 $ 974 $ 24,705 December 31, 2018 Real Estate Construction 1-4 Family Residential Commercial Commercial Loans Municipal Loans Loans to Individuals Total Ending balance – individually evaluated for impairment (1) $ 13 $ 40 $ 5,337 $ 368 $ 1 $ 149 $ 5,908 Ending balance – collectively evaluated for impairment 3,584 3,804 8,631 3,606 524 962 21,111 Balance at end of period $ 3,597 $ 3,844 $ 13,968 $ 3,974 $ 525 $ 1,111 $ 27,019 (1) The allowance for loan losses on PCI loans totaled $139,000 and $302,000 as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. The following tables present the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment based on impairment method (in thousands): June 30, 2019 Real Estate Construction 1-4 Family Residential Commercial Commercial Loans Municipal Loans Loans to Individuals Total Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 200 $ 1,268 $ 21,361 $ 2,523 $ 429 $ 136 $ 25,917 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 579,226 772,725 1,198,899 385,322 356,599 100,354 3,393,125 Purchased credit impaired loans 139 8,080 30,988 1,676 — 218 41,101 Total ending loan balance $ 579,565 $ 782,073 $ 1,251,248 $ 389,521 $ 357,028 $ 100,708 $ 3,460,143 December 31, 2018 Real Estate Construction 1-4 Family Residential Commercial Commercial Loans Municipal Loans Loans to Individuals Total Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 12 $ 1,215 $ 33,013 $ 1,394 $ 429 $ 184 $ 36,247 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 507,564 782,614 1,128,220 353,036 352,941 105,775 3,230,150 Purchased credit impaired loans 156 10,670 32,885 2,219 — 472 46,402 Total ending loan balance $ 507,732 $ 794,499 $ 1,194,118 $ 356,649 $ 353,370 $ 106,431 $ 3,312,799 The following tables set forth credit quality indicators by class of loans for the periods presented (in thousands): June 30, 2019 Pass Pass Watch (1) Special Mention (1) Substandard (1) Doubtful (1) Total Real estate loans: Construction $ 579,253 $ 47 $ — $ 265 $ — $ 579,565 1-4 family residential 776,375 31 166 4,784 717 782,073 Commercial 1,150,646 55,208 7,444 37,793 157 1,251,248 Commercial loans 375,664 3,362 6,063 4,163 269 389,521 Municipal loans 357,028 — — — — 357,028 Loans to individuals 100,030 — — 380 298 100,708 Total $ 3,338,996 $ 58,648 $ 13,673 $ 47,385 $ 1,441 $ 3,460,143 December 31, 2018 Pass Pass Watch (1) Special Mention (1) Substandard (1) Doubtful (1) Total Real estate loans: Construction $ 507,529 $ 163 $ — $ 28 $ 12 $ 507,732 1-4 family residential 787,516 37 100 5,489 1,357 794,499 Commercial 1,067,874 11,479 26,490 87,767 508 1,194,118 Commercial loans 349,495 520 3,189 2,988 457 356,649 Municipal loans 353,370 — — — — 353,370 Loans to individuals 105,536 4 4 678 209 106,431 Total $ 3,171,320 $ 12,203 $ 29,783 $ 96,950 $ 2,543 $ 3,312,799 (1) Includes PCI loans comprised of $15,000 pass watch, $217,000 special mention, $2.7 million substandard and $305,000 doubtful as of June 30, 2019 . Includes PCI loans comprised of $22,000 pass watch, $859,000 special mention, $3.9 million substandard and $1.2 million doubtful as of December 31, 2018 . Nonperforming Assets and Past Due Loans Nonaccrual loans are loans 90 days or more delinquent and collection in full of both the principal and interest is not expected. Additionally, some loans that are not delinquent or that are delinquent less than 90 days may be placed on nonaccrual status if it is probable that we will not receive contractual principal and interest payments in accordance with the terms of the respective loan agreement. When a loan is categorized as nonaccrual, the accrual of interest is discontinued and any accrued balance is reversed for financial statement purposes. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are applied to the outstanding principal balance. Payments of contractual interest are recognized as income only to the extent that full recovery of the principal balance of the loan is reasonably certain. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Other factors, such as the value of collateral securing the loan and the financial condition of the borrower, are considered in judgments as to potential loan loss. Nonaccrual loans and accruing loans past due more than 90 days include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans. PCI loans are recorded at fair value at acquisition date. Although the PCI loans may be contractually delinquent, we do not classify these loans as past due or nonperforming when the timing and amount of expected cash flows can be reasonably estimated, as the loans were written down to fair value at the acquisition date and the accretable yield is recognized in interest income over the remaining life of the loan. However, subsequent to acquisition, we reassess PCI loans for additional impairment and record additional impairment in the event we conclude it is probable that we will be unable to collect all cash flows originally expected to be collected at acquisition plus any additional cash flows expected to be collected due to changes in estimates after acquisition. All such PCI loans for which we recognize subsequent impairment are reported as impaired loans in the financial statements. The following table sets forth nonperforming assets for the periods presented (in thousands): June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Nonaccrual loans (1) (2) $ 16,376 $ 35,770 Accruing loans past due more than 90 days (1) — — Restructured loans (3) 11,918 5,930 Other real estate owned 1,069 1,206 Repossessed assets — — Total nonperforming assets $ 29,363 $ 42,906 (1) Excludes PCI loans measured at fair value at acquisition if the timing and amount of cash flows expected to be collected from those sales can be reasonably estimated. (2) Includes $8.9 million and $10.9 million of restructured loans as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. (3) Includes $776,000 and $3.1 million in PCI loans restructured as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. Foreclosed assets include other real estate owned and repossessed assets. For 1-4 family residential real estate properties, a loan is recognized as a foreclosed property once legal title to the real estate property has been received upon completion of foreclosure or the borrower has conveyed all interest in the residential property through a deed in lieu of foreclosure. There were $12,000 and $147,000 in loans secured by 1-4 family residential properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. The following table sets forth the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans by class of loans for the periods presented (in thousands). The table excludes PCI loans measured at fair value at acquisition: Nonaccrual Loans June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Real estate loans: Construction $ 200 $ 12 1-4 family residential 1,418 2,202 Commercial 13,383 32,599 Commercial loans 1,047 639 Loans to individuals 328 318 Total $ 16,376 $ 35,770 Loans are considered impaired if, based on current information and events, it is probable we will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of a similar nature and on an individual loan basis for larger loans. The measurement of loss on impaired loans is generally based on the fair value of the collateral less selling costs if repayment is expected solely from the collateral or the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the historical effective interest rate stipulated in the loan agreement. In measuring the fair value of the collateral, in addition to relying on third party appraisals, we use assumptions, such as discount rates, and methodologies, such as comparison to the recent selling price of similar assets, consistent with those that would be utilized by unrelated third parties performing a valuation. Loans that are evaluated and determined not to meet the definition of an impaired loan are reserved for at the general reserve rate for its appropriate class. At the time a loss is probable in the collection of contractual amounts, specific reserves are allocated. Loans are charged off to the liquidation value of the collateral net of liquidation costs, if any, when deemed uncollectible or as soon as collection by liquidation is evident. The following tables set forth impaired loans by class of loans, including the unpaid contractual principal balance, the recorded investment and the related allowance for loan losses for the periods presented (in thousands). Impaired loans include restructured and nonaccrual loans for which the allowance was measured in accordance with section 310-10 of ASC Topic 310, “Receivables.” There were no impaired loans recorded without an allowance as of June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018 . June 30, 2019 Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment Related Allowance for Loan Losses Real estate loans: Construction $ 356 $ 323 $ 23 1-4 family residential 8,646 7,491 66 Commercial 26,198 22,999 1,408 Commercial loans 4,033 3,449 782 Municipal loans 429 429 — Loans to individuals 481 354 90 Total (1) $ 40,143 $ 35,045 $ 2,369 December 31, 2018 Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment Related Allowance for Loan Losses Real estate loans: Construction $ 182 $ 148 $ 13 1-4 family residential 6,507 5,923 40 Commercial 36,457 34,744 5,337 Commercial loans 2,874 2,366 368 Municipal loans 429 429 1 Loans to individuals 825 657 149 Total (1) $ 47,274 $ 44,267 $ 5,908 (1) Includes $9.1 million and $8.0 million of PCI loans that experienced deterioration in credit quality subsequent to the acquisition date as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class of loans (in thousands): June 30, 2019 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater than 90 Days Past Due Total Past Due Current (1) Total Real estate loans: Construction $ 343 $ 276 $ 193 $ 812 $ 578,753 $ 579,565 1-4 family residential 2,250 1,330 293 3,873 778,200 782,073 Commercial 1,625 425 109 2,159 1,249,089 1,251,248 Commercial loans 2,070 567 619 3,256 386,265 389,521 Municipal loans — — — — 357,028 357,028 Loans to individuals 555 194 137 886 99,822 100,708 Total $ 6,843 $ 2,792 $ 1,351 $ 10,986 $ 3,449,157 $ 3,460,143 December 31, 2018 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater than 90 Days Past Due Total Past Due Current (1) Total Real estate loans: Construction $ 627 $ 307 $ — $ 934 $ 506,798 $ 507,732 1-4 family residential 7,441 1,258 1,335 10,034 784,465 794,499 Commercial 10,663 7,655 — 18,318 1,175,800 1,194,118 Commercial loans 1,946 705 591 3,242 353,407 356,649 Municipal loans — — — — 353,370 353,370 Loans to individuals 1,289 351 146 1,786 104,645 106,431 Total $ 21,966 $ 10,276 $ 2,072 $ 34,314 $ 3,278,485 $ 3,312,799 (1) Includes PCI loans measured at fair value at acquisition if the timing and amount of cash flows expected to be collected from those sales can be reasonably estimated. The following table sets forth average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans by class of loans for the periods presented (in thousands). The table excludes PCI loans measured at fair value at acquisition that have not experienced further deterioration in credit quality subsequent to the acquisition date: Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 June 30, 2018 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Real estate loans: Construction $ 214 $ 5 $ 140 $ 1 1-4 family residential 7,533 130 3,955 47 Commercial 24,394 153 31,916 5 Commercial loans 2,753 38 2,024 19 Municipal loans 429 6 502 7 Loans to individuals 438 9 242 3 Total $ 35,761 $ 341 $ 38,779 $ 82 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 June 30, 2018 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Interest Income Recognized Real estate loans: Construction $ 200 $ 9 $ 114 $ 1 1-4 family residential 6,271 210 3,945 93 Commercial 30,917 440 20,595 9 Commercial loans 2,699 68 1,900 36 Municipal loans 429 12 502 14 Loans to individuals 517 20 221 4 Total $ 41,033 $ 759 $ 27,277 $ 157 Troubled Debt Restructurings The restructuring of a loan is considered a TDR if both (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (ii) the creditor has granted a concession. Concessions may include interest rate reductions or below market interest rates, restructuring amortization schedules and other actions intended to minimize potential losses. We may provide a combination of concessions which may include an extension of the amortization period, interest rate reduction and/or converting the loan to interest-only for a limited period of time. The following tables set forth the recorded balance of loans considered to be TDRs that were restructured and the type of concession by class of loans during the periods presented (dollars in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Extend Amortization Period Interest Rate Reductions Combination Total Modifications Number of Loans Real estate loans: 1-4 family residential $ — $ — $ — $ — — Commercial — — 96 96 1 Commercial loans — — 485 485 4 Loans to individuals — — 25 25 3 Total $ — $ — $ 606 $ 606 8 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Extend Amortization Period Interest Rate Reductions Combination Total Modifications Number of Loans Real estate loans: 1-4 family residential $ — $ — $ 111 $ 111 1 Commercial 7,594 — 96 7,690 2 Commercial loans 56 — 485 541 5 Loans to individuals — — 39 39 5 Total $ 7,650 $ — $ 731 $ 8,381 13 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Extend Amortization Period Interest Rate Reductions Combination Total Modifications Number of Loans Real estate loans: 1-4 family residential $ — $ 80 $ — $ 80 1 Commercial loans — — 90 90 2 Loans to individuals 9 — 13 22 3 Total $ 9 $ 80 $ 103 $ 192 6 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Extend Amortization Period Interest Rate Reductions Combination Total Modifications Number of Loans Real estate loans: 1-4 family residential $ — $ 80 $ — $ 80 1 Commercial loans 132 — 90 222 5 Loans to individuals 106 — 13 119 4 Total $ 238 $ 80 $ 103 $ 421 10 The majority of loans restructured as TDRs during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were modified with maturity extensions. Interest continues to be charged on principal balances outstanding during the extended term. Therefore, the financial effects of the recorded investment of loans restructured as TDRs during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were not significant. Generally, the loans identified as TDRs were previously reported as impaired loans prior to restructuring, and therefore, the modification did not impact our determination of the allowance for loan losses. On an ongoing basis, the performance of the TDRs is monitored for subsequent payment default. Payment default for TDRs is recognized when the borrower is 90 days or more past due. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , the amount of TDRs in default was not significant. Payment defaults for TDRs did not significantly impact the determination of the allowance for loan losses in the periods presented. At June 30, 2019 and 2018 , there were no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose terms had been modified in TDRs. Purchased Credit Impaired Loans The follo |