Non-performing Loans and Impaired Loans | Note 7 – Non-performing Loans The following table presents the non-accrual, loans past due over 90 days still on accrual, and troubled debt restructured (“TDRs”) by class of loans: March 31, 2020 Non-accrual Loans Past Due Over 90 Days Still Accruing Non-performing Performing TDRs Total Non-performing Loans Non-accrual Commercial Owner occupied real estate $ 5,512 $ — $ 629 $ 139 $ 6,280 $ 3,123 Non-owner occupied real estate 641 — 361 — 1,002 888 Residential spec homes — — — — — — Development & spec land 73 — — — 73 73 Commercial and industrial 791 11 1,422 — 2,224 816 Total commercial 7,017 11 2,412 139 9,579 4,900 Real estate Residential mortgage 8,040 — 733 1,638 10,411 — Residential construction — — — — — — Mortgage warehouse — — — — — — Total real estate 8,040 — 733 1,638 10,411 — Consumer Direct installment 18 — — — 18 18 Indirect installment 1,168 196 — — 1,364 1,168 Home equity 2,038 39 215 338 2,630 2,038 Total consumer 3,224 235 215 338 4,012 3,224 Total $ 18,281 $ 246 $ 3,360 $ 2,115 $ 24,002 $ 8,124 There was no interest income recognized on non-accrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 while the loans were in non-accrual status. December 31, 2019 Non-accrual Loans Past Due Over 90 Days Still Accruing Non-performing Performing TDRs Total Non-performing Loans Non-accrual Commercial Owner occupied real estate $ 2,424 $ — $ 629 $ 139 $ 3,192 $ 2,563 Non-owner occupied real estate 682 — 374 — 1,056 937 Residential spec homes — — — — — — Development & spec land 73 — — — 73 73 Commercial and industrial 1,603 — 78 1,345 3,026 514 Total commercial 4,782 — 1,081 1,484 7,347 4,087 Real estate Residential mortgage 7,614 1 708 1,561 9,884 8,322 Residential construction — — — — — — Mortgage warehouse — — — — — — Total real estate 7,614 1 708 1,561 9,884 8,322 Consumer Direct installment 30 5 — — 35 30 Indirect installment 1,234 135 — — 1,369 1,234 Home equity 2,019 5 217 309 2,550 2,236 Total consumer 3,283 145 217 309 3,954 3,500 Total $ 15,679 $ 146 $ 2,006 $ 3,354 $ 21,185 $ 15,909 Included in the $18.3 million of non-accrual loans and the $3.4 million of non-performing TDRs at March 31, 2020 were $3.5 million and $101,000, respectively, of loans acquired for which accretable yield was recognized. Troubled Debt Restructurings Loans modified as TDRs generally consist of allowing borrowers to defer scheduled principal payments and make interest only payments for a specified period of time at the stated interest rate of the original loan agreement or lower payments due to a modification of the loans' contractual terms. TDRs that continue to accrue interest are individually monitored on a monthly basis and evaluated for impairment annually and transferred to non-accrual status when it is probable that any remaining principal and interest payments due on the loan will not be collected in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. TDRs that subsequently default are individually evaluated for impairment at the time of default. At March 31, 2020, the type of concessions the Company has made on restructured loans has been temporary rate reductions and/or reductions in monthly payments, and there have been no restructured loans with modified recorded balances. Any modification to a loan that is a concession and is not in the normal course of lending is considered a restructured loan. A restructured loan is returned to accruing status after six consecutive payments but is still reported as TDR unless the loan bears interest at a market rate. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had $5.5 million in TDRs, $3.4 million were performing according to the restructured terms, and one TDR was returned to accrual status during the first three months of 2020. There were $435,000 of specific reserves allocated to TDRs at March 31, 2020 based on the discounted cash flows or, when appropriate, the fair value of the collateral. These TDRs are exclusive of loans modified under the CARES Act during the first quarter of 2020. The following table presents TDRs by loan portfolio: March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Non-accrual Accruing Total Non-accrual Accruing Total Commercial Owner occupied real estate $ 629 $ 139 $ 768 $ 629 $ 139 $ 768 Non-owner occupied real estate 361 — 361 374 — 374 Residential spec homes — — — — — — Development & spec land — — — — — — Commercial and industrial 1,422 — 1,422 78 1,345 1,423 Total commercial 2,412 139 2,551 1,081 1,484 2,565 Real estate Residential mortgage 733 1,638 2,371 708 1,561 2,269 Residential construction — — — — — — Mortgage warehouse — — — — — — Total real estate 733 1,638 2,371 708 1,561 2,269 Consumer Direct installment — — — — — — Indirect installment — — — — — — Home equity 215 338 553 217 309 526 Total consumer 215 338 553 217 309 526 Total $ 3,360 $ 2,115 $ 5,475 $ 2,006 $ 3,354 $ 5,360 Loans Modified under the CARES Act The Bank has elected (i) to suspend the requirements under GAAP for loan modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic that would otherwise be categorized as a TDR; and (ii) to suspend any determination of a loan modified as a result of the effects of COVID-19 pandemic as being a TDR, including impairment for accounting purposes. At March 31, 2020, the Bank modified loans totaling $56.6 million which qualify for treatment under the CARES Act. Collateral Dependent Financial Assets A collateral dependent financial loan relies solely on the operation or sale of the collateral for repayment. In evaluating the overall risk associated with a loan, the Company considers character, overall financial condition and resources, and payment record of the borrower; the prospects for support from any financially responsible guarantors; and the nature and degree of protection provided by the cash flow and value of any underlying collateral. However, as other sources of repayment become inadequate over time, the significance of the collateral's value increases and the loan may become collateral dependent. The table below presents the value of collateral dependent loans by loan class as of March 31, 2020: March 31, 2020 Commercial Owner occupied real estate $ 3,018 Non-owner occupied real estate 114 Commercial and industrial 626 Total commercial 3,758 Real estate Residential mortgage 681 Total real estate 681 Total collateral dependent loans $ 4,439 The following table presents the payment status by class of loan, excluding non-accrual loans of $18.3 million and non-performing TDRs of $3.4 million at March 31, 2020: March 31, 2020 Current 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days or Total Total Commercial Owner occupied real estate $ 499,639 $ 4,532 $ 589 $ — $ 5,121 $ 504,760 Non-owner occupied real estate 989,572 2,021 — — 2,021 991,593 Residential spec homes 11,533 135 — — 135 11,668 Development & spec land 32,918 — — — — 32,918 Commercial and industrial 499,845 178 — 11 189 500,034 Total commercial 2,033,507 6,866 589 11 7,466 2,040,973 Real estate Residential mortgage 722,866 1,395 — — 1,395 724,261 Residential construction 24,495 — — — — 24,495 Mortgage warehouse 223,519 — — — — 223,519 Total real estate 970,880 1,395 — — 1,395 972,275 Consumer Direct installment 39,841 190 15 — 205 40,046 Indirect installment 356,702 1,967 260 196 2,423 359,125 Home equity 272,465 621 114 39 774 273,239 Total consumer 669,008 2,778 389 235 3,402 672,410 Total $ 3,673,395 $ 11,039 $ 978 $ 246 $ 12,263 $ 3,685,658 Percentage of total loans 99.67 % 0.30 % 0.03 % 0.01 % 0.33 % 100.00 % The following table presents the payment status by class of loan, excluding non-accrual loans of $15.7 million and non-performing TDRs of $2.0 million at December 31, 2019: December 31, 2019 Current 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days or Total Total Commercial Owner occupied real estate $ 515,604 $ 920 $ — $ — $ 920 $ 516,524 Non-owner occupied real estate 972,195 80 — — 80 972,275 Residential spec homes 12,925 — — — — 12,925 Development & spec land 35,881 — — — — 35,881 Commercial and industrial 503,348 819 11 — 830 504,178 Total commercial 2,039,953 1,819 11 — 1,830 2,041,783 Real estate Residential mortgage 740,712 1,984 — 1 1,985 742,697 Residential construction 19,686 — — — — 19,686 Mortgage warehouse 150,293 — — — — 150,293 Total real estate 910,691 1,984 — 1 1,985 912,676 Consumer Direct installment 40,864 175 5 5 185 41,049 Indirect installment 344,478 2,407 404 135 2,946 347,424 Home equity 273,050 904 20 5 929 273,979 Total consumer 658,392 3,486 429 145 4,060 662,452 Total $ 3,609,036 $ 7,289 $ 440 $ 146 $ 7,875 $ 3,616,911 Percentage of total loans 99.78 % 0.20 % 0.01 % 0.01 % 0.22 % 100.00 % The entire balance of a loan is considered delinquent if the minimum payment contractually required to be made is not received by the specified due date. Horizon Bank’s processes for determining credit quality differ slightly depending on whether a new loan or a renewed loan is being underwritten, or whether an existing loan is being re-evaluated for credit quality. The latter usually occurs upon receipt of current financial information or other pertinent data that would trigger a change in the loan grade. • For new and renewed commercial loans, the Bank’s Credit Department, which acts independently of the loan officer, assigns the credit quality grade to the loan. Loan grades for loans with an aggregate credit exposure that exceeds the authorities in the respective markets (ranging from $1,000,000 to $3,500,000) are validated by the Loan Committee, which is chaired by the Chief Commercial Banking Officer (CCBO). • Commercial loan officers are responsible for reviewing their loan portfolios and reporting any adverse material change to the CCBO or Loan Committee. When circumstances warrant a change in the credit quality grade, loan officers are required to notify the CCBO and the Credit Department of the change in the loan grade. Downgrades are accepted immediately by the CCBO, however, lenders must present their factual information to either the Loan Committee or the CCBO when recommending an upgrade. • The CCBO, or his designee, meets regularly with loan officers to discuss the status of past-due loans and classified loans. These meetings are also designed to give the loan officers an opportunity to identify an existing loan that should be downgraded to a classified grade. • Monthly, senior management meets with the Watch Committee, which reviews all of the past due, classified, and impaired loans and the relative trends of these assets. This committee also reviews the actions taken by management regarding foreclosure mitigation, loan extensions, troubled debt restructures, other real estate owned and personal property repossessions. The information reviewed in this meeting acts as a precursor for developing management’s analysis of the adequacy of the Allowance for Credit Losses for loans. For residential real estate and consumer loans, Horizon uses a grading system based on delinquency. Loans that are 90 days or more past due, on non-accrual, or are classified as a TDR are graded “Substandard.” After being 90 to 120 days delinquent a loan is charged off unless it is well secured and in the process of collection. If the latter case exists, the loan is placed on non-accrual. Occasionally a mortgage loan may be graded as “Special Mention.” When this situation arises, it is because the characteristics of the loan and the borrower fit the definition of a Risk Grade 5 described below, which is normally used for grading commercial loans. Loans not graded Substandard are considered Pass. Horizon Bank employs a nine-grade rating system to determine the credit quality of commercial loans. The first five grades represent acceptable quality, and the last four grades mirror the criticized and classified grades used by the bank regulatory agencies (special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss). The loan grade definitions are detailed below. Risk Grade 1: Excellent (Pass) Loans secured by liquid collateral, such as certificates of deposit, reputable bank letters of credit, or other cash equivalents or loans to any publicly held company with a current long-term debt rating of A or better and meeting defined key financial metric ranges. Risk Grade 2: Good (Pass) Loans to businesses that have strong financial statements containing an unqualified opinion from a CPA firm and at least three five five Risk Grade 3: Satisfactory (Pass) Loans supported by financial statements (audited or unaudited) that indicate average or slightly below average risk and having some deficiency or vulnerability to changing economic conditions; loans with some weakness but offsetting features of other support are readily available; loans that are meeting the terms of repayment, but which may be susceptible to deterioration if adverse factors are encountered and meeting defined key financial metric ranges. Loans may be graded Satisfactory when there is no recent information on which to base a current risk evaluation and the following conditions apply: • At inception, the loan was properly underwritten, did not possess an unwarranted level of credit risk, and the loan met the above criteria for a risk grade of Excellent, Good, or Satisfactory; • At inception, the loan was secured with collateral possessing a loan value adequate to protect the Bank from loss. • The loan has exhibited two • During the period that the loan has been outstanding, there has been no evidence of any credit weakness. Some examples of weakness include slow payment, lack of cooperation by the borrower, breach of loan covenants, or the borrower is in an industry known to be experiencing problems. If any of these credit weaknesses is observed, a lower risk grade may be warranted. Risk Grade 4 Satisfactory/Monitored: Loans in this category are considered to be of acceptable credit quality, but contain greater credit risk than Satisfactory rated loans and meet defined key financial metric ranges. Borrower displays acceptable liquidity, leverage, and earnings performance within the Bank’s minimum underwriting guidelines. The level of risk is acceptable but conditioned on the proper level of loan officer supervision. Loans that normally fall into this grade include acquisition, construction and development loans and income producing properties that have not reached stabilization. Risk Grade 4W Management Watch: Loans in this category are considered to be of acceptable quality and meet defined key financial metric ranges, but with above normal risk. Borrower displays potential indicators of weakness in the primary source of repayment resulting in a higher reliance on secondary sources of repayment. Balance sheet may exhibit weak liquidity and/or high leverage. There is inconsistent earnings performance without the ability to sustain adverse economic conditions. Borrower may be operating in a declining industry or the property type, as for a commercial real estate loan, may be high risk or in decline. These loans require an increased level of loan officer supervision and monitoring to assure that any deterioration is addressed in a timely fashion. Commercial construction loans are graded as 4W Management Watch until the projects are completed and stabilized. Risk Grade 5: Special Mention Loans which possess some temporary (normally less than one year) credit deficiency or potential weakness which deserves close attention. Such loans pose an unwarranted financial risk that, if not corrected, could weaken the loan by adversely impacting the future repayment ability of the borrower. The key distinctions of a Special Mention classification are that (1) it is indicative of an unwarranted level of risk and (2) weaknesses are considered “potential,” not “defined,” impairments to the primary source of repayment. These loans may be to borrowers with adverse trends in financial performance, collateral value and/or marketability, or balance sheet strength and must meet defined key financial metric ranges. Risk Grade 6: Substandard One or more of the following characteristics may be exhibited in loans classified Substandard: • Loans which possess a defined credit weakness. The likelihood that a loan will be paid from the primary source of repayment is uncertain. Financial deterioration is under way and very close attention is warranted to ensure that the loan is collected without loss. • Loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor. • The primary source of repayment is gone, and the Bank is forced to rely on a secondary source of repayment, such as collateral liquidation or guarantees. • Loans have a distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. • Unusual courses of action are needed to maintain a high probability of repayment. • The borrower is not generating enough cash flow to repay loan principal; however, it continues to make interest payments. • The lender is forced into a subordinated or unsecured position due to flaws in documentation. • Loans have been restructured so that payment schedules, terms, and collateral represent concessions to the borrower when compared to the normal loan terms. • The lender is seriously contemplating foreclosure or legal action due to the apparent deterioration in the loan. • There is a significant deterioration in market conditions to which the borrower is highly vulnerable. • The borrower meets defined key financial metric ranges. Risk Grade 7: Doubtful One or more of the following characteristics may be present in loans classified Doubtful: • Loans have all of the weaknesses of those classified as Substandard. However, based on existing conditions, these weaknesses make full collection of principal highly improbable. • The primary source of repayment is gone, and there is considerable doubt as to the quality of the secondary source of repayment. • The possibility of loss is high but because of certain important pending factors which may strengthen the loan, loss classification is deferred until the exact status of repayment is known. • The borrower meets defined key financial metric ranges. Risk Grade 8: Loss Loans are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuing to carry them as assets is not feasible. Loans will be classified Loss when it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off or reserving all or a portion of a basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be possible at some time in the future. The following tables present loans by credit grades and origination year. March 31, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Total Commercial Owner occupied real estate Pass $ 13,838 $ 63,995 $ 62,398 $ 60,650 $ 60,221 $ 173,904 $ 36,254 $ 471,260 Special Mention 174 291 5,276 3,896 2,348 9,114 — 21,099 Substandard — 1,482 3,014 824 500 8,105 4,617 18,542 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total owner occupied real estate $ 14,012 $ 65,768 $ 70,688 $ 65,370 $ 63,069 $ 191,123 $ 40,871 $ 510,901 Non-owner occupied real estate Pass $ 25,445 $ 129,457 $ 86,194 $ 150,894 $ 130,686 $ 249,361 $ 156,142 $ 928,179 Special Mention 1,947 11,515 27,560 2,220 299 11,783 1,086 56,410 Substandard — — 2,439 114 457 4,996 — 8,006 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total non-owner occupied real estate $ 27,392 $ 140,972 $ 116,193 $ 153,228 $ 131,442 $ 266,140 $ 157,228 $ 992,595 Residential spec homes Pass $ — $ 190 $ — $ 312 $ 957 $ 2,093 $ 8,116 $ 11,668 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total residential spec homes $ — $ 190 $ — $ 312 $ 957 $ 2,093 $ 8,116 $ 11,668 Development & spec land Pass $ 30 $ 932 $ 2,568 $ 4,496 $ 1,586 $ 14,645 $ 8,595 $ 32,852 Special Mention — — — — — 139 — 139 Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total development & spec land $ 30 $ 932 $ 2,568 $ 4,496 $ 1,586 $ 14,784 $ 8,595 $ 32,991 Commercial & industrial Pass $ 23,969 $ 71,713 $ 70,277 $ 108,382 $ 36,067 $ 102,731 $ 34,331 $ 447,470 Special Mention 122 3,563 10,134 3,857 2,872 12,926 1,005 34,479 Substandard — 5,611 3,169 3,558 619 4,938 2,403 20,298 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total commercial & industrial $ 24,091 $ 80,887 $ 83,580 $ 115,797 $ 39,558 $ 120,595 $ 37,739 $ 502,247 Total commercial $ 65,525 $ 288,749 $ 273,029 $ 339,203 $ 236,612 $ 594,735 $ 252,549 $ 2,050,402 March 31, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Total Real estate Residential mortgage Performing $ 29,138 $ 74,317 $ 139,327 $ 130,086 $ 96,489 $ 254,575 $ 329 $ 724,261 Non-performing — 267 148 372 1,377 6,609 — 8,773 Total residential mortgage $ 29,138 $ 74,584 $ 139,475 $ 130,458 $ 97,866 $ 261,184 $ 329 $ 733,034 Residential construction Performing $ — $ 338 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 24,157 $ 24,495 Non-performing — — — — — — — — Total residential construction $ — $ 338 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 24,157 $ 24,495 Mortgage warehouse Performing $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 223,519 $ 223,519 Non-performing — — — — — — — — Total mortgage warehouse $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 223,519 $ 223,519 Total real estate $ 29,138 $ 74,922 $ 139,475 $ 130,458 $ 97,866 $ 261,184 $ 248,005 $ 981,048 March 31, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Total Consumer Direct installment Performing $ 2,774 $ 13,701 $ 8,699 $ 8,267 $ 3,476 $ 3,014 $ 115 $ 40,046 Non-performing — 6 3 1 — 6 2 18 Total direct installment $ 2,774 $ 13,707 $ 8,702 $ 8,268 $ 3,476 $ 3,020 $ 117 $ 40,064 Indirect installment Performing $ 42,135 $ 129,329 $ 106,358 $ 56,278 $ 14,661 $ 10,168 $ — $ 358,929 Non-performing — 228 282 478 154 222 — 1,364 Total indirect installment $ 42,135 $ 129,557 $ 106,640 $ 56,756 $ 14,815 $ 10,390 $ — $ 360,293 Home equity Performing $ 10,688 $ 58,444 $ 48,683 $ 38,878 $ 30,030 $ 82,155 $ 4,322 $ 273,200 Non-performing — 9 66 81 19 1,089 1,028 2,292 Total home equity $ 10,688 $ 58,453 $ 48,749 $ 38,959 $ 30,049 $ 83,244 $ 5,350 $ 275,492 Total consumer $ 55,597 $ 201,717 $ 164,091 $ 103,983 $ 48,340 $ 96,654 $ 5,467 $ 675,849 December 31, 2019 Pass Special Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial Owner occupied real estate $ 492,386 $ 8,328 $ 18,863 $ — $ 519,577 Non-owner occupied real estate 957,990 7,824 7,517 — 973,331 Residential spec homes 12,925 — — — 12,925 Development & spec land 35,815 — 139 — 35,954 Commercial and industrial 468,893 18,652 18,314 — 505,859 Total commercial 1,968,009 34,804 44,833 — 2,047,646 Real estate Residential mortgage 741,136 — 9,883 — 751,019 Residential construction 19,686 — — — 19,686 Mortgage warehouse 150,293 — — — 150,293 Total real estate 911,115 — 9,883 — 920,998 Consumer Direct installment 41,044 — 35 — 41,079 Indirect installment 347,289 — 1,369 — 348,658 Home equity 273,665 — 2,550 — 276,215 Total consumer 661,998 — 3,954 — 665,952 Total $ 3,541,122 $ 34,804 $ 58,670 $ — $ 3,634,596 Percentage of total loans 97.43 % 0.96 % 1.61 % 0.00 % 100.00 % |