Allowance for Loan Losses | 8. Allowance for Loan Losses The following tables summarize the rollforward of the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three and six month periods ending June 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands). Three months ended June 30, 2015, Balance at March 31, 2015 Charge- Offs Recoveries Provision (Credit) Balance at June 30, 2015 Commercial $ 3,157 $ - $ 8 $ 6 $ 3,171 Commercial loans secured by real estate 4,087 (15 ) 9 59 4,140 Real estate-mortgage 1,304 (188 ) 25 180 1,321 Consumer 191 (16 ) 5 21 201 Allocation for general risk 950 - - (66 ) 884 Total $ 9,689 $ (219 ) $ 47 $ 200 $ 9,717 Three months ended June 30, 2014, Balance at Charge- Recoveries Provision Balance at Commercial $ 3,065 $ - $ 55 $ 134 $ 3,254 Commercial loans secured by real estate 4,662 - 19 (206 ) 4,475 Real estate-mortgage 1,273 (30 ) 11 47 1,301 Consumer 139 (22 ) 8 20 145 Allocation for general risk 970 - - 5 975 Total $ 10,109 $ (52 ) $ 93 $ - $ 10,150 Six months ended June 30, 2015, Balance at Charge- Recoveries Provision Balance at Commercial $ 3,262 $ (121 ) $ 14 $ 16 $ 3,171 Commercial loans secured by real estate 3,902 (15 ) 51 202 4,140 Real estate-mortgage 1,310 (291 ) 55 247 1,321 Consumer 190 (63 ) 14 60 201 Allocation for general risk 959 - - (75 ) 884 Total $ 9,623 $ (490 ) $ 134 $ 450 $ 9,717 Six months ended June 30, 2014, Balance at Charge- Recoveries Provision Balance at Commercial $ 2,844 $ (72 ) $ 105 $ 377 $ 3,254 Commercial loans secured by real estate 4,885 (66 ) 172 (516 ) 4,475 Real estate-mortgage 1,260 (73 ) 25 89 1,301 Consumer 136 (58 ) 13 54 145 Allocation for general risk 979 - - (4 ) 975 Total $ 10,104 $ (269 ) $ 315 $ - $ 10,150 As a result of successful ongoing problem credit resolution efforts, the Company achieved further asset quality improvements in 2015 and 2014, specifically in the commercial loans secured by real estate category. There was no provision for loan losses in the first six months of 2014, but the Company recorded a $ 450,000 The following tables summarize the loan portfolio and allowance for loan loss by the primary segments of the loan portfolio (in thousands). At June 30, 2015 Loans: Commercial Commercial Real Estate- Consumer Allocation for Total Individually evaluated for impairment $ 406 $ 776 $ — $ — $ 1,182 Collectively evaluated for impairment 155,053 426,398 259,144 20,073 860,668 Total loans $ 155,459 $ 427,174 $ 259,144 $ 20,073 $ 861,850 Allowance for loan losses: Specific reserve allocation $ 102 $ 512 $ — $ — $ — $ 614 General reserve allocation 3,069 3,628 1,321 201 884 9,103 Total allowance for loan losses $ 3,171 $ 4,140 $ 1,321 $ 201 $ 884 $ 9,717 At December 31, 2014 Loans: Commercial Commercial Real Estate- Consumer Allocation for Total Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 989 $ — $ — $ 989 Collectively evaluated for impairment 139,126 409,340 258,616 19,009 826,091 Total loans $ 139,126 $ 410,329 $ 258,616 $ 19,009 $ 827,080 Allowance for loan losses: Specific reserve allocation $ — $ 520 $ — $ - $ — $ 520 General reserve allocation 3,262 3,382 1,310 190 959 9,103 Total allowance for loan losses $ 3,262 $ 3,902 $ 1,310 $ 190 $ 959 $ 9,623 The segments of the Company's loan portfolio are disaggregated to a level that allows management to monitor risk and performance. The loan segments used are consistent with the internal reports evaluated by the Company's management and Board of Directors to monitor risk and performance within various segments of its loan portfolio and therefore, no further disaggregation into classes is necessary. The overall risk profile for the commercial loan segment is impacted by non-owner occupied CRE loans, which include loans secured by non-owner occupied nonfarm nonresidential properties, as a meaningful but declining portion of the commercial portfolio is centered in these types of accounts. The residential mortgage loan segment is comprised of first lien amortizing residential mortgage loans and home equity loans secured by residential real estate. The consumer loan segment consists primarily of installment loans and overdraft lines of credit connected with customer deposit accounts. Management evaluates for possible impairment any individual loan in the commercial or commercial real estate segment with a loan balance in excess of $ 100,000 Once the determination has been made that a loan is impaired, the determination of whether a specific allocation of the allowance is necessary is measured by comparing the recorded investment in the loan to the fair value of the loan using one of three methods: (a) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate; (b) the loan's observable market price; or (c) the fair value of the collateral less selling costs for collateral dependent loans. The method is selected on a loan-by-loan basis, with management primarily utilizing the fair value of collateral method. The evaluation of the need and amount of a specific allocation of the allowance and whether a loan can be removed from impairment status is made on a quarterly basis. The Company's policy for recognizing interest income on impaired loans does not differ from its overall policy for interest recognition. The need for an updated appraisal on collateral dependent loans is determined on a case-by-case basis. The useful life of an appraisal or evaluation will vary depending upon the circumstances of the property and the economic conditions in the marketplace. A new appraisal is not required if there is an existing appraisal which, along with other information, is sufficient to determine a reasonable value for the property and to support an appropriate and adequate allowance for loan losses. At a minimum, annual documented reevaluation of the property is completed by the Bank's internal Assigned Risk Department to support the value of the property. When reviewing an appraisal associated with an existing collateral real estate dependent transaction, the Bank's internal Assigned Risk Department must determine if there have been material changes to the underlying assumptions in the appraisal which affect the original estimate of value. Some of the factors that could cause material changes to reported values include: § the passage of time; § the volatility of the local market; § the availability of financing; § natural disasters; § the inventory of competing properties; § new improvements to, or lack of maintenance of, the subject property or competing § changes in underlying economic and market assumptions, such as material changes in § environmental contamination. The value of the property is adjusted to appropriately reflect the above listed factors and the value is discounted to reflect the value impact of a forced or distressed sale, any outstanding senior liens, any outstanding unpaid real estate taxes, transfer taxes and closing costs that would occur with sale of the real estate. If the Assigned Risk Department personnel determine that a reasonable value cannot be derived based on available information, a new appraisal is ordered. The determination of the need for a new appraisal, versus completion of a property valuation by the Bank's Assigned Risk Department personnel rests with the Assigned Risk Department and not the originating account officer. The following tables present impaired loans by class, segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and those for which a specific allowance was not necessary (in thousands). June 30, 2015 Impaired Loans with Impaired Total Impaired Loans Recorded Related Recorded Recorded Unpaid Commercial $ 406 $ 102 $ - $ 406 $ 406 Commercial loans secured by real estate 756 512 20 776 885 Total impaired loans $ 1,162 $ 614 $ 20 $ 1,182 $ 1,291 December 31, 2014 Impaired Loans with Impaired Total Impaired Loans Recorded Related Allowance Recorded Recorded Unpaid Commercial loans secured by real estate $ 989 $ 520 $ - $ 989 $ 1,069 Total impaired loans $ 989 $ 520 $ - $ 989 $ 1,069 The following table presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans and related interest income recognized for the periods indicated (in thousands). Three months ended Six months ended 2015 2014 2015 2014 Average loan balance: Commercial $ 220 $ - $ 110 $ - Commercial loans secured by real estate 1,509 2,296 1,891 2,678 Average investment in impaired loans $ 1,729 $ 2,296 $ 2,001 $ 2,678 Interest income recognized: Commercial $ 10 $ - $ 11 $ - Commercial loans secured by real estate 5 1 11 2 Interest income recognized on a cash basis on impaired loans $ 15 $ 1 $ 22 $ 2 Management uses a nine point internal risk rating system to monitor the credit quality of the overall loan portfolio. The first six categories are considered not criticized. The first five “Pass” categories are aggregated, while the Pass-6, Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful categories are disaggregated to separate pools. The criticized rating categories utilized by management generally follow bank regulatory definitions. The Special Mention category includes assets that are currently protected but are potentially weak, resulting in an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a Substandard classification. Loans in the Substandard category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt, and have a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if the weaknesses are not corrected. All loans greater than 90 days past due, or for which any portion of the loan represents a specific allocation of the allowance for loan losses are placed in Substandard or Doubtful. To help ensure that risk ratings are accurate and reflect the present and future capacity of borrowers to repay a loan as agreed, the Company has a structured loan rating process, which dictates that, at a minimum, credit reviews are mandatory for all commercial and commercial mortgage loan relationships with aggregate balances in excess of $ 250,000 50 55 In addition to loan monitoring by the account officer and Loan Review Department, the Company also requires presentation of all credits rated Pass-6 with aggregate balances greater than $ 1,000,000 250,000 100,000 The following table presents the classes of the commercial and commercial real estate loan portfolios summarized by the aggregate Pass and the criticized categories of Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful within the internal risk rating system (in thousands). June 30, 2015 Pass Special Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial $ 150,704 $ 758 $ 3,866 $ 131 $ 155,459 Commercial loans secured by real estate 421,117 2,627 3,175 255 427,174 Total $ 571,821 $ 3,385 $ 7,041 $ 386 $ 582,633 December 31, 2014 Pass Special Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial $ 132,665 $ 161 $ 6,164 $ 136 $ 139,126 Commercial loans secured by real estate 406,195 620 3,238 276 410,329 Total $ 538,860 $ 781 $ 9,402 $ 412 $ 549,455 It is generally the policy of the bank that the outstanding balance of any residential mortgage loan that exceeds 90-days past due as to principal and/or interest is transferred to non-accrual status and an evaluation is completed to determine the fair value of the collateral less selling costs, unless the balance is minor. A charge down is recorded for any deficiency balance determined from the collateral evaluation. The remaining non-accrual balance is reported as impaired with no specific allowance. It is the policy of the bank that the outstanding balance of any consumer loan that exceeds 90-days past due as to principal and/or interest is charged off. The following tables present the performing and non-performing outstanding balances of the residential and consumer portfolios (in thousands). June 30, 2015 Performing Non-Performing Real estate- mortgage $ 257,497 $ 1,647 Consumer 20,073 - Total $ 277,570 $ 1,647 December 31, 2014 Performing Non-Performing Real estate- mortgage $ 257,199 $ 1,417 Consumer 19,009 - Total $ 276,208 $ 1,417 Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories of performing loans and nonaccrual loans (in thousands). June 30, 2015 Current 30-59 60-89 90 Days Total Total 90 Days Commercial $ 153,174 $ — $ 2,285 $ — $ 2,285 $ 155,459 $ — Commercial loans secured by real estate 426,939 — — 235 235 427,174 — Real estate- mortgage 255,924 1,634 637 949 3,220 259,144 — Consumer 20,009 55 9 — 64 20,073 — Total $ 856,046 $ 1,689 $ 2,931 $ 1,184 $ 5,804 $ 861,850 $ — December 31, 2014 Current 30-59 60-89 90 Days Total Total 90 Days Commercial $ 139,126 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 139,126 $ — Commercial loans secured by real estate 410,049 280 — — 280 410,329 — Real estate- mortgage 255,021 2,196 332 1,067 3,595 258,616 — Consumer 18,927 74 8 — 82 19,009 — Total $ 823,123 $ 2,550 $ 340 $ 1,067 $ 3,957 $ 827,080 $ — An allowance for loan losses (“ALL”) is maintained to absorb losses from the loan portfolio. The ALL is based on management's continuing evaluation of the risk characteristics and credit quality of the loan portfolio, assessment of current economic conditions, diversification and size of the portfolio, adequacy of collateral, past and anticipated loss experience, and the amount of non-performing loans. Loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment are analyzed with general allowances being made as appropriate. For general allowances, historical loss trends are used in the estimation of losses in the current portfolio. These historical loss amounts are complemented by consideration of other qualitative factors. Management tracks the historical net charge-off activity at each risk rating grade level for the entire commercial portfolio and at the aggregate level for the consumer, residential mortgage and small business portfolios. A historical charge-off factor is calculated utilizing a rolling 12 consecutive historical quarters for the commercial portfolios. This historical charge-off factor for the consumer, residential mortgage and small business portfolios are based on a three year historical average of actual loss experience. The Company uses a comprehensive methodology and procedural discipline to maintain an ALL to absorb inherent losses in the loan portfolio. The Company believes this is a critical accounting policy since it involves significant estimates and judgments. The allowance consists of three elements: 1) an allowance established on specifically identified problem loans, 2) formula driven general reserves established for loan categories based upon historical loss experience and other qualitative factors which include delinquency, non-performing and TDR loans, loan trends, economic trends, concentrations of credit, trends in loan volume, experience and depth of management, examination and audit results, effects of any changes in lending policies, and trends in policy, financial information, and documentation exceptions, and 3) a general risk reserve which provides support for variance from our assessment of the previously listed qualitative factors, provides protection against credit risks resulting from other inherent risk factors contained in the Company's loan portfolio, and recognizes the model and estimation risk associated with the specific and formula driven allowances. The qualitative factors used in the formula driven general reserves are evaluated quarterly (and revised if necessary) by the Company's management to establish allocations which accommodate each of the listed risk factors. “Pass” rated credits are segregated from “Criticized” and “Classified” credits for the application of qualitative factors. Management reviews the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis using a defined, consistently applied process in order to make appropriate and timely adjustments to the ALL. When information confirms all or part of specific loans to be uncollectible, these amounts are promptly charged off against the ALL. |