Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses | Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses The following tables present total outstanding loans and leases and an aging analysis for the Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments, by class of financing receivables, at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. 30-59 Days Past Due (1) 60-89 Days Past Due (1) 90 Days or Past Due (1) Total Past Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due (1) Loans Total (Dollars in millions) June 30, 2022 Consumer real estate Residential mortgage $ 944 $ 237 $ 1,179 $ 2,360 $ 225,610 $ 227,970 Home equity 75 32 279 386 26,734 27,120 Credit card and other consumer Credit card 311 204 493 1,008 83,002 84,010 Direct/Indirect consumer (2) 149 42 22 213 108,613 108,826 Other consumer — — — — 195 195 Total consumer 1,479 515 1,973 3,967 444,154 448,121 Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) $ 377 377 Total consumer loans and leases 1,479 515 1,973 3,967 444,154 377 448,498 Commercial U.S. commercial 603 290 485 1,378 354,353 355,731 Non-U.S. commercial 157 116 360 633 125,163 125,796 Commercial real estate (4) 129 167 71 367 63,886 64,253 Commercial lease financing 18 55 10 83 13,529 13,612 U.S. small business commercial (5) 220 51 146 417 17,340 17,757 Total commercial 1,127 679 1,072 2,878 574,271 577,149 Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) 5,119 5,119 Total commercial loans and leases 1,127 679 1,072 2,878 574,271 5,119 582,268 Total loans and leases (6) $ 2,606 $ 1,194 $ 3,045 $ 6,845 $ 1,018,425 $ 5,496 $ 1,030,766 Percentage of outstandings 0.25 % 0.12 % 0.30 % 0.67 % 98.80 % 0.53 % 100.00 % (1) Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $173 million and nonperforming loans of $92 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $68 million and nonperforming loans of $87 million. Consumer real estate loans 90 days or more past due includes fully-insured loans of $492 million. Consumer real estate loans current or less than 30 days past due includes $1.7 billion, and direct/indirect consumer includes $43 million of nonperforming loans. (2) Total outstandings primarily includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $50.8 billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $54.0 billion and non-U.S. consumer loans of $3.0 billion. (3) Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $79 million and home equity loans of $298 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $2.9 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $2.2 billion. For more information, see Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 15 – Fair Value Option . (4) Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $60.1 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $4.1 billion. (5) Includes Paycheck Protection Program loans. (6) Total outstandings includes loans and leases pledged as collateral of $13.1 billion. The Corporation also pledged $164.1 billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank. 30-59 Days (1) 60-89 Days Past Due (1) 90 Days or (1) Total Past Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due (1) Loans Total Outstandings (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2021 Consumer real estate Residential mortgage $ 1,005 $ 297 $ 1,571 $ 2,873 $ 219,090 $ 221,963 Home equity 123 69 369 561 27,374 27,935 Credit card and other consumer Credit card 298 212 487 997 80,441 81,438 Direct/Indirect consumer (2) 147 52 18 217 103,343 103,560 Other consumer — — — — 190 190 Total consumer 1,573 630 2,445 4,648 430,438 435,086 Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) $ 618 618 Total consumer loans and leases 1,573 630 2,445 4,648 430,438 618 435,704 Commercial U.S. commercial 815 308 396 1,519 324,417 325,936 Non-U.S. commercial 148 20 83 251 113,015 113,266 Commercial real estate (4) 115 34 285 434 62,575 63,009 Commercial lease financing 104 28 13 145 14,680 14,825 U.S. small business commercial (5) 129 259 89 477 18,706 19,183 Total commercial 1,311 649 866 2,826 533,393 536,219 Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) 7,201 7,201 Total commercial loans and leases 1,311 649 866 2,826 533,393 7,201 543,420 Total loans and leases (6) $ 2,884 $ 1,279 $ 3,311 $ 7,474 $ 963,831 $ 7,819 $ 979,124 Percentage of outstandings 0.29 % 0.13 % 0.34 % 0.76 % 98.44 % 0.80 % 100.00 % (1) Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $164 million and nonperforming loans of $118 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $89 million and nonperforming loans of $100 million. Consumer real estate loans 90 days or more past due includes fully-insured loans of $633 million. Consumer real estate loans current or less than 30 days past due includes $1.4 billion, and direct/indirect consumer includes $55 million of nonperforming loans. (2) Total outstandings primarily includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $48.5 billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $51.1 billion and non-U.S. consumer loans of $3.0 billion. (3) Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $279 million and home equity loans of $339 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $4.6 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $2.6 billion. For more information, see Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 15 – Fair Value Option . (4) Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $58.2 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $4.8 billion. (5) Includes Paycheck Protection Program loans. (6) Total outstandings includes loans and leases pledged as collateral of $13.0 billion. The Corporation also pledged $146.6 billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank. The Corporation has entered into long-term credit protection agreements with FNMA and FHLMC on loans totaling $10.0 billion and $10.5 billion at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, providing full credit protection on residential mortgage loans that become severely delinquent. All of these loans are individually insured, and therefore the Corporation does not record an allowance for credit losses related to these loans. Nonperforming Loans and Leases Commercial nonperforming loans decreased to $1.3 billion at June 30, 2022 from $1.6 billion at December 31, 2021. Consumer nonperforming loans decreased to $2.9 billion at June 30, 2022 from $3.0 billion at December 31, 2021 primarily due to decreases from consumer real estate loan sales, partially offset by increases from loans with expired deferrals that were modified in TDRs during the first quarter of 2022. The following table presents the Corporation’s nonperforming loans and leases, including nonperforming TDRs, and loans accruing past due 90 days or more at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Nonperforming loans held-for-sale (LHFS) are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases as they are recorded at either fair value or the lower of cost or fair value. For more information on the criteria for classification as nonperforming, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K . Credit Quality Nonperforming Loans Accruing Past Due (Dollars in millions) June 30 December 31 June 30 December 31 Residential mortgage (1) $ 2,245 $ 2,284 $ 492 $ 634 With no related allowance (2) 1,956 1,950 — — Home equity (1) 563 630 — — With no related allowance (2) 371 414 — — Credit Card n/a n/a 493 487 Direct/indirect consumer 58 75 15 11 Total consumer 2,866 2,989 1,000 1,132 U.S. commercial 742 825 357 171 Non-U.S. commercial 279 268 184 19 Commercial real estate 218 382 18 40 Commercial lease financing 44 80 3 8 U.S. small business commercial 15 23 143 87 Total commercial 1,298 1,578 705 325 Total nonperforming loans $ 4,164 $ 4,567 $ 1,705 $ 1,457 Percentage of outstanding loans and leases 0.41 % 0.47 % 0.17 % 0.15 % (1) Residential mortgage loans accruing past due 90 days or more are fully-insured loans. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 residential mortgage includes $395 million and $444 million of loans on which interest had been curtailed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), and therefore were no longer accruing interest, although principal was still insured, and $97 million and $190 million of loans on which interest was still accruing. (2) Primarily relates to loans for which the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral less any costs to sell is greater than the amortized cost of the loans as of the reporting date. Credit Quality Indicators The Corporation monitors credit quality within its Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments based on primary credit quality indicators. For more information on the portfolio segments, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Within the Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment, the primary credit quality indicators are refreshed loan-to-value (LTV) and refreshed Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) score. Refreshed LTV measures the carrying value of the loan as a percentage of the value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. Home equity loans are evaluated using combined loan-to-value (CLTV), which measures the carrying value of the Corporation’s loan and available line of credit combined with any outstanding senior liens against the property as a percentage of the value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. FICO score measures the creditworthiness of the borrower based on the financial obligations of the borrower and the borrower’s credit history. FICO scores are typically refreshed quarterly or more frequently. Certain borrowers (e.g., borrowers that have had debts discharged in a bankruptcy proceeding) may not have their FICO scores updated. FICO scores are also a primary credit quality indicator for the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment and the business card portfolio within U.S. small business commercial. Within the Commercial portfolio segment, loans are evaluated using the internal classifications of pass rated or reservable criticized as the primary credit quality indicators. The term reservable criticized refers to those commercial loans that are internally classified or listed by the Corporation as Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful, which are asset quality categories defined by regulatory authorities. These assets have an elevated level of risk and may have a high probability of default or total loss. Pass rated refers to all loans not considered reservable criticized. In addition to these primary credit quality indicators, the Corporation uses other credit quality indicators for certain types of loans. The following tables present certain credit quality indicators for the Corporation's Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments by class of financing receivables and year of origination for term loan balances at June 30, 2022, including revolving loans that converted to term loans without an additional credit decision after origination or through a TDR. Residential Mortgage – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage Term Loans by Origination Year (Dollars in millions) Total as of 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Residential Mortgage Refreshed LTV Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 213,285 $ 29,035 $ 83,405 $ 38,908 $ 19,897 $ 6,116 $ 35,924 Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 1,858 768 855 156 28 10 41 Greater than 100 percent 686 306 222 71 24 11 52 Fully-insured loans 12,141 312 3,840 3,256 1,015 177 3,541 Total Residential Mortgage $ 227,970 $ 30,421 $ 88,322 $ 42,391 $ 20,964 $ 6,314 $ 39,558 Residential Mortgage Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 2,063 $ 230 $ 488 $ 345 $ 121 $ 94 $ 785 Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 4,909 603 1,415 913 416 273 1,289 Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 24,768 3,229 8,857 4,582 2,314 827 4,959 Greater than or equal to 740 184,089 26,047 73,722 33,295 17,098 4,943 28,984 Fully-insured loans 12,141 312 3,840 3,256 1,015 177 3,541 Total Residential Mortgage $ 227,970 $ 30,421 $ 88,322 $ 42,391 $ 20,964 $ 6,314 $ 39,558 Home Equity - Credit Quality Indicators Total Home Equity Loans and Reverse Mortgages (1) Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (Dollars in millions) June 30, 2022 Home Equity Refreshed LTV Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 26,876 $ 1,518 $ 19,583 $ 5,775 Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 98 41 30 27 Greater than 100 percent 146 54 44 48 Total Home Equity $ 27,120 $ 1,613 $ 19,657 $ 5,850 Home Equity Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 731 $ 197 $ 174 $ 360 Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 1,252 180 470 602 Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 4,254 405 2,438 1,411 Greater than or equal to 740 20,883 831 16,575 3,477 Total Home Equity $ 27,120 $ 1,613 $ 19,657 $ 5,850 (1) Includes reverse mortgages of $1.1 billion and home equity loans of $482 million, which are no longer originated. Credit Card and Direct/Indirect Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage Direct/Indirect Term Loans by Origination Year Credit Card (Dollars in millions) Total Direct/ Revolving Loans 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total Credit Card as of June 30, Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1) Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 691 $ 12 $ 71 $ 237 $ 108 $ 103 $ 55 $ 105 $ 3,094 $ 2,939 $ 155 Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 2,347 13 570 964 326 214 99 161 9,545 9,362 183 Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 8,723 54 2,472 3,426 1,262 753 310 446 28,737 28,565 172 Greater than or equal to 740 39,165 87 9,742 13,504 7,072 4,520 1,820 2,420 42,634 42,589 45 Other internal credit metrics (2,3) 57,900 57,052 170 288 87 67 42 194 — — — Total credit card and other $ 108,826 $ 57,218 $ 13,025 $ 18,419 $ 8,855 $ 5,657 $ 2,326 $ 3,326 $ 84,010 $ 83,455 $ 555 (1) Represents TDRs that were modified into term loans. (2) Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors. (3) Direct/indirect consumer includes $57.1 billion of securities-based lending, which is typically supported by highly liquid collateral with market value greater than or equal to the outstanding loan balance and therefore has minimal credit risk at June 30, 2022. Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage (1) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Dollars in millions) Total as of 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans U.S. Commercial Risk ratings Pass rated $ 346,850 $ 38,819 $ 47,170 $ 21,131 $ 20,079 $ 10,660 $ 33,699 $ 175,292 Reservable criticized 8,881 41 491 676 881 1,268 1,085 4,439 Total U.S. Commercial $ 355,731 $ 38,860 $ 47,661 $ 21,807 $ 20,960 $ 11,928 $ 34,784 $ 179,731 Non-U.S. Commercial Risk ratings Pass rated $ 123,181 $ 13,828 $ 22,677 $ 7,001 $ 5,022 $ 3,412 $ 5,137 $ 66,104 Reservable criticized 2,615 79 366 311 334 140 542 843 Total Non-U.S. Commercial $ 125,796 $ 13,907 $ 23,043 $ 7,312 $ 5,356 $ 3,552 $ 5,679 $ 66,947 Commercial Real Estate Risk ratings Pass rated $ 59,121 $ 6,569 $ 13,558 $ 6,667 $ 9,710 $ 5,299 $ 9,615 $ 7,703 Reservable criticized 5,132 6 468 567 1,648 1,113 1,185 145 Total Commercial Real Estate $ 64,253 $ 6,575 $ 14,026 $ 7,234 $ 11,358 $ 6,412 $ 10,800 $ 7,848 Commercial Lease Financing Risk ratings Pass rated $ 13,296 $ 1,036 $ 2,811 $ 2,186 $ 2,185 $ 1,661 $ 3,417 $ — Reservable criticized 316 2 24 30 86 57 117 — Total Commercial Lease Financing $ 13,612 $ 1,038 $ 2,835 $ 2,216 $ 2,271 $ 1,718 $ 3,534 $ — U.S. Small Business Commercial (2) Risk ratings Pass rated $ 9,228 $ 803 $ 2,547 $ 1,947 $ 945 $ 694 $ 2,159 $ 133 Reservable criticized 345 9 21 33 82 62 135 3 Total U.S. Small Business Commercial $ 9,573 $ 812 $ 2,568 $ 1,980 $ 1,027 $ 756 $ 2,294 $ 136 Total $ 568,965 $ 61,192 $ 90,133 $ 40,549 $ 40,972 $ 24,366 $ 57,091 $ 254,662 (1) Excludes $5.1 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option at June 30, 2022. (2) Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans of $8.2 billion. Refreshed FICO scores for this portfolio are $210 million for less than 620; $723 million for greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680; $2.2 billion for greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740; and $5.1 billion greater than or equal to 740. The following tables present certain credit quality indicators for the Corporation's Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments by class of financing receivables and year of origination for term loan balances at December 31, 2021, including revolving loans that converted to term loans without an additional credit decision after origination or through a TDR. Residential Mortgage – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage Term Loans by Origination Year (Dollars in millions) Total as of 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Residential Mortgage Refreshed LTV Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 206,562 $ 87,051 $ 43,597 $ 23,205 $ 7,392 $ 10,956 $ 34,361 Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 1,938 1,401 331 81 17 14 94 Greater than 100 percent 759 520 112 29 11 12 75 Fully-insured loans 12,704 3,845 3,486 1,150 216 235 3,772 Total Residential Mortgage $ 221,963 $ 92,817 $ 47,526 $ 24,465 $ 7,636 $ 11,217 $ 38,302 Residential Mortgage Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 2,451 $ 636 $ 442 $ 140 $ 120 $ 104 $ 1,009 Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 5,199 1,511 1,123 477 294 307 1,487 Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 24,532 8,822 5,454 2,785 1,057 1,434 4,980 Greater than or equal to 740 177,077 78,003 37,021 19,913 5,949 9,137 27,054 Fully-insured loans 12,704 3,845 3,486 1,150 216 235 3,772 Total Residential Mortgage $ 221,963 $ 92,817 $ 47,526 $ 24,465 $ 7,636 $ 11,217 $ 38,302 Home Equity - Credit Quality Indicators Total Home Equity Loans and Reverse Mortgages (1) Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2021 Home Equity Refreshed LTV Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 27,594 $ 1,773 $ 19,095 $ 6,726 Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 130 55 34 41 Greater than 100 percent 211 85 54 72 Total Home Equity $ 27,935 $ 1,913 $ 19,183 $ 6,839 Home Equity Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 893 $ 244 $ 209 $ 440 Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 1,434 222 495 717 Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 4,625 468 2,493 1,664 Greater than or equal to 740 20,983 979 15,986 4,018 Total Home Equity $ 27,935 $ 1,913 $ 19,183 $ 6,839 (1) Includes reverse mortgages of $1.3 billion and home equity loans of $582 million, which are no longer originated. Credit Card and Direct/Indirect Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage Direct/Indirect Term Loans by Origination Year Credit Card (Dollars in millions) Total Direct/Indirect as of December 31, 2021 Revolving Loans 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total Credit Card as of December 31, 2021 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1) Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 685 $ 13 $ 179 $ 115 $ 129 $ 79 $ 101 $ 69 $ 3,017 $ 2,857 $ 160 Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 2,313 14 1,170 414 313 148 134 120 9,264 9,064 200 Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 8,530 60 4,552 1,659 1,126 466 314 353 28,347 28,155 192 Greater than or equal to 740 37,164 94 15,876 8,642 6,465 2,679 1,573 1,835 40,810 40,762 48 Other internal credit metrics (2, 3) 54,868 54,173 283 53 77 75 63 144 — — — Total credit card and other $ 103,560 $ 54,354 $ 22,060 $ 10,883 $ 8,110 $ 3,447 $ 2,185 $ 2,521 $ 81,438 $ 80,838 $ 600 (1) Represents TDRs that were modified into term loans. (2) Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors. (3) Direct/indirect consumer includes $54.2 billion of securities-based lending, which is typically supported by highly liquid collateral with market value greater than or equal to the outstanding loan balance and therefore has minimal credit risk at December 31, 2021. Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage (1) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Dollars in millions) Total as of December 31, 2021 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving Loans U.S. Commercial Risk ratings Pass rated $ 315,618 $ 55,862 $ 25,012 $ 23,373 $ 11,439 $ 10,426 $ 23,877 $ 165,629 Reservable criticized 10,318 598 687 1,308 1,615 514 1,072 4,524 Total U.S. Commercial $ 325,936 $ 56,460 $ 25,699 $ 24,681 $ 13,054 $ 10,940 $ 24,949 $ 170,153 Non-U.S. Commercial Risk ratings Pass rated $ 110,787 $ 25,749 $ 8,703 $ 7,133 $ 4,521 $ 3,016 $ 3,062 $ 58,603 Reservable criticized 2,479 223 324 487 275 257 216 697 Total Non-U.S. Commercial $ 113,266 $ 25,972 $ 9,027 $ 7,620 $ 4,796 $ 3,273 $ 3,278 $ 59,300 Commercial Real Estate Risk ratings Pass rated $ 55,511 $ 14,402 $ 7,244 $ 11,237 $ 5,710 $ 3,326 $ 6,831 $ 6,761 Reservable criticized 7,498 277 990 2,237 1,710 596 1,464 224 Total Commercial Real Estate $ 63,009 $ 14,679 $ 8,234 $ 13,474 $ 7,420 $ 3,922 $ 8,295 $ 6,985 Commercial Lease Financing Risk ratings Pass rated $ 14,438 $ 3,280 $ 2,485 $ 2,427 $ 2,030 $ 1,741 $ 2,475 $ — Reservable criticized 387 25 18 91 67 48 138 — Total Commercial Lease Financing $ 14,825 $ 3,305 $ 2,503 $ 2,518 $ 2,097 $ 1,789 $ 2,613 $ — U.S. Small Business Commercial (2) Risk ratings Pass rated $ 11,618 $ 4,257 $ 2,922 $ 1,059 $ 763 $ 623 $ 1,853 $ 141 Reservable criticized 433 12 29 91 87 64 147 3 Total U.S. Small Business Commercial $ 12,051 $ 4,269 $ 2,951 $ 1,150 $ 850 $ 687 $ 2,000 $ 144 Total $ 529,087 $ 104,685 $ 48,414 $ 49,443 $ 28,217 $ 20,611 $ 41,135 $ 236,582 (1) Excludes $7.2 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option at December 31, 2021. (2) Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans of $7.1 billion. Refreshed FICO scores for this portfolio are $192 million for less than 620; $618 million for greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680; $1.9 billion for greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740; and $4.4 billion greater than or equal to 740. Troubled Debt Restructurings Consumer Real Estate Modifications of consumer real estate loans are classified as TDRs when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and a concession has been granted. Concessions may include reductions in interest rates, capitalization of past due amounts, principal and/or interest forbearance, payment extensions, principal and/or interest forgiveness, or combinations thereof. Prior to permanently modifying a loan, the Corporation may enter into trial modifications with certain borrowers under both government and proprietary programs. Trial modifications generally represent a three- to four-month period during which the borrower makes monthly payments under the anticipated modified payment terms. Upon successful completion of the trial period, the Corporation and the borrower enter into a permanent modification. Binding trial modifications are classified as TDRs when the trial offer is made and continue to be classified as TDRs regardless of whether the borrower enters into a permanent modification. Consumer real estate loans of $242 million that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms and not reaffirmed by the borrower were included in TDRs at June 30, 2022, of which $64 million were classified as nonperforming and $42 million were loans fully insured. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a consumer real estate TDR were not significant. Consumer real estate foreclosed properties totaled $115 million and $101 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The carrying value of consumer real estate loans, including fully-insured loans, for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $1.0 billion and $1.1 billion. During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Corporation reclassified $99 million and $20 million of consumer real estate loans to foreclosed properties or, for properties acquired upon foreclosure of certain government-guaranteed loans (principally FHA-insured loans), to other assets. The reclassifications represent non-cash investing activities and, accordingly, are not reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The table below presents the June 30, 2022 and 2021 unpaid principal balance, carrying value, and average pre- and post-modification interest rates of consumer real estate loans that were modified in TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. The following Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment tables include loans that were initially classified as TDRs during the period and also loans that had previously been classified as TDRs and were modified again during the period. Consumer Real Estate – TDRs Entered into During the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Pre-Modification Interest Rate Post-Modification Interest Rate (1) Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Pre-Modification Interest Rate Post-Modification Interest Rate (1) (Dollars in millions) Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Residential mortgage $ 540 $ 489 3.47 % 3.38 % $ 858 $ 774 3.53 % 3.35 % Home equity 129 110 3.80 3.89 170 140 3.77 3.84 Total $ 669 $ 599 3.53 3.48 $ 1,028 $ 914 3.57 3.43 Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Residential mortgage $ 522 $ 466 3.53 % 3.51 % $ 744 $ 667 3.51 % 3.49 % Home equity 62 47 3.58 3.61 83 63 3.55 3.58 Total $ 584 $ 513 3.53 3.52 $ 827 $ 730 3.52 3.50 (1) The post-modification interest rate reflects the interest rate applicable only to permanently completed modifications, which exclude loans that are in a trial modification period. The table below presents the June 30, 2022 and 2021 carrying value for consumer real estate loans that were modified in a TDR during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, by type of modification. Consumer Real Estate – Modification Programs TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Modifications under government programs $ — $ 1 $ — $ 3 Modifications under proprietary programs 536 479 816 665 Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy (1) 4 12 8 22 Trial modifications 59 21 90 40 Total modifications $ 599 $ 513 $ 914 $ 730 (1) Includes loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms that are classified as TDRs. The following table presents the carrying value of consumer real estate loans that entered into payment default during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 that were modified in a TDR during the 12 months preceding payment default. A payment default for consumer real estate TDRs is recognized when a borrower has missed three monthly payments (not necessarily consecutively) since modification. Consumer Real Estate – TDRs Entering Payment Default that were Modified During the Preceding 12 Months Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Modifications under government programs $ — $ 1 $ — $ 2 Modifications under proprietary programs 32 33 72 45 Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy (1) — 2 1 5 Trial modifications (2) 7 6 11 12 Total modifications $ 39 $ 42 $ 84 $ 64 (1) Includes loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms that are classified as TDRs. (2) Includes trial modification offers to which the customer did not respond. Credit Card and Other Consumer The Corporation seeks to assist customers who are experiencing financial difficulty by modifying loans while ensuring compliance with federal and local laws and guidelines. Credit card and other consumer loan modifications generally involve reducing the interest rate on the account, placing the customer on a fixed payment plan not exceeding 60 months and canceling the customer’s available line of credit, all of which are considered TDRs. The Corporation makes loan modifications directly with borrowers for debt held only by the Corporation (internal programs). Additionally, the Corporation makes loan modifications for borrowers working with third-party renegotiation agencies that provide solutions to customers’ entire unsecured debt structures (external programs). The Corporation classifies other secured consumer loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy as TDRs, which are written down to collateral value and placed on nonaccrual status no later than the time of discharge. The table below provides information on the Corporation’s Credit Card and Other Consumer TDR portfolio including the June 30, 2022 and 2021 unpaid principal balance, carrying value, and average pre- and post-modification interest rates of loans that were modified in TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Credit Card and Other Consumer – TDRs Entered into During the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Value (1) Pre-Modification Interest Rate Post-Modification Interest Rate Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying (1) Pre-Modification Interest Rate Post-Modification Interest Rate (Dollars in millions) Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Credit card $ 65 $ 69 19.77 % 3.78 % $ 127 $ 132 19.60 % 3.76 % Direct/Indirect consumer 3 2 5.41 5.41 5 5 5.62 5.62 Total $ 68 $ 71 19.37 3.83 $ 132 $ 137 19.09 3.83 Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Credit card $ 62 $ 68 18.44 % 4.24 % $ 137 $ 147 18.48 % 4.53 % Direct/Indirect consumer 6 4 5.64 5.64 11 7 5.62 5.62 Total $ 68 $ 72 17.75 4.31 $ 148 $ 154 17.87 4.58 (1) Includes accrued interest and fees. The table below presents the June 30, 2022 and 2021 carrying value for Credit Card and Other Consumer loans that were modified in a TDR during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 by program type. Credit Card and Other Consumer – TDRs by Program Type (1) TDRs Entered into During the TDRs Entered into During the (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Internal programs $ 58 $ 57 $ 112 $ 121 External programs 10 13 20 29 Other 3 2 5 4 Total $ 71 $ 72 $ 137 $ 154 (1) Includes accrued interest and fees. Commercial Loans Modifications of loans to commercial borrowers that are experiencing financial difficulty are designed to reduce the Corporation’s loss exposure while providing the borrower with an At the time of restructuring, the loans are remeasured to reflect the impact, if any, on projected cash flows resulting from the modified terms. If a portion of the loan is deemed to be uncollectible, a charge-off may be recorded at the time of restructuring. Alternatively, a charge-off may have already been recorded in a previous period such that no charge-off is required at the time of modification. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the carrying value of the Corporation’s commercial loans that were modified as TDRs was $796 million and $1.3 billion compared to $320 million and $865 million for the same periods in 2021. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Corporation had commitments to lend $369 million and $283 million to commercial borrowers whose loans were classified as TDRs. The balance of commercial TDRs in payment default was $136 million and $262 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Loans Held-for-sale The Corporation had LHFS of $6.7 billion and $15.6 billion at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Cash and non-cash proceeds from sales and paydowns of loans originally classified as LHFS were $21.4 billion and $18.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Cash used for originations and purchases of LHFS totaled $11.4 billion and $17.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Also included were non-cash net transfers into LHFS of $1.6 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by the transfer of a $1.6 billion affinity card loan portfolio to held f |