UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
[ü] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2009
or
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number:
1-6523
Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter:
Bank of America Corporation
State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization:
Delaware
IRS Employer Identification Number:
56-0906609
Address of Principal Executive Offices:
Bank of America Corporate Center
100 N. Tryon Street
Charlotte, North Carolina 28255
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(704) 386-5681
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report:
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ü No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes ü No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one).
| | |
Large accelerated filer ü Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company |
| | (do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).
Yes No ü
On October 31, 2009, there were 8,650,759,836 shares of Bank of America Corporation Common Stock outstanding.
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Bank of America Corporation September 30, 2009 Form 10-Q |
INDEX
2
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Part 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statement of Income |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | |
(Dollars in millions, except per share information) | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Interest income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest and fees on loans and leases | | $ | 11,620 | | | $ | 14,261 | | | $ | 37,298 | | | $ | 41,797 | |
Interest on debt securities | | | 2,975 | | | | 3,621 | | | | 10,088 | | | | 9,295 | |
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | | | 722 | | | | 912 | | | | 2,567 | | | | 2,920 | |
Trading account assets | | | 1,843 | | | | 2,344 | | | | 6,223 | | | | 6,937 | |
Other interest income | | | 1,363 | | | | 1,058 | | | | 4,095 | | | | 3,133 | |
Total interest income | | | 18,523 | | | | 22,196 | | | | 60,271 | | | | 64,082 | |
Interest expense | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deposits | | | 1,710 | | | | 3,846 | | | | 6,335 | | | | 11,954 | |
Short-term borrowings | | | 1,237 | | | | 3,223 | | | | 4,854 | | | | 10,452 | |
Trading account liabilities | | | 455 | | | | 661 | | | | 1,484 | | | | 2,250 | |
Long-term debt | | | 3,698 | | | | 2,824 | | | | 12,048 | | | | 7,172 | |
Total interest expense | | | 7,100 | | | | 10,554 | | | | 24,721 | | | | 31,828 | |
Net interest income | | | 11,423 | | | | 11,642 | | | | 35,550 | | | | 32,254 | |
| | | | |
Noninterest income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Card income | | | 1,557 | | | | 3,122 | | | | 6,571 | | | | 10,212 | |
Service charges | | | 3,020 | | | | 2,722 | | | | 8,282 | | | | 7,757 | |
Investment and brokerage services | | | 2,948 | | | | 1,238 | | | | 8,905 | | | | 3,900 | |
Investment banking income | | | 1,254 | | | | 474 | | | | 3,955 | | | | 1,645 | |
Equity investment income (loss) | | | 843 | | | | (316 | ) | | | 7,988 | | | | 1,330 | |
Trading account profits (losses) | | | 3,395 | | | | (384 | ) | | | 10,760 | | | | (1,810) | |
Mortgage banking income | | | 1,298 | | | | 1,674 | | | | 7,139 | | | | 2,564 | |
Insurance income | | | 707 | | | | 678 | | | | 2,057 | | | | 1,092 | |
Gains on sales of debt securities | | | 1,554 | | | | 10 | | | | 3,684 | | | | 362 | |
Other income (loss) | | | (1,167 | ) | | | (317 | ) | | | 1,870 | | | | (206) | |
Other-than-temporary impairment losses on AFS debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses | | | (847 | ) | | | (922 | ) | | | (2,671 | ) | | | (1,998) | |
Less: Portion of other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized in OCI | | | 50 | | | | - | | | | 477 | | | | - | |
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings on AFS debt securities | | | (797 | ) | | | (922 | ) | | | (2,194 | ) | | | (1,998) | |
Total noninterest income | | | 14,612 | | | | 7,979 | | | | 59,017 | | | | 24,848 | |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 26,035 | | | | 19,621 | | | | 94,567 | | | | 57,102 | |
| | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 11,705 | | | | 6,450 | | | | 38,460 | | | | 18,290 | |
| | | | |
Noninterest expense | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Personnel | | | 7,613 | | | | 5,198 | | | | 24,171 | | | | 14,344 | |
Occupancy | | | 1,220 | | | | 926 | | | | 3,567 | | | | 2,623 | |
Equipment | | | 617 | | | | 440 | | | | 1,855 | | | | 1,208 | |
Marketing | | | 470 | | | | 605 | | | | 1,490 | | | | 1,813 | |
Professional fees | | | 562 | | | | 424 | | | | 1,511 | | | | 1,071 | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 510 | | | | 464 | | | | 1,546 | | | | 1,357 | |
Data processing | | | 592 | | | | 755 | | | | 1,861 | | | | 1,905 | |
Telecommunications | | | 361 | | | | 288 | | | | 1,033 | | | | 814 | |
Other general operating | | | 3,767 | | | | 2,313 | | | | 11,106 | | | | 4,818 | |
Merger and restructuring charges | | | 594 | | | | 247 | | | | 2,188 | | | | 629 | |
Total noninterest expense | | | 16,306 | | | | 11,660 | | | | 50,328 | | | | 30,582 | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | (1,976 | ) | | | 1,511 | | | | 5,779 | | | | 8,230 | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | | (975 | ) | | | 334 | | | | (691 | ) | | | 2,433 | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (1,001 | ) | | $ | 1,177 | | | $ | 6,470 | | | $ | 5,797 | |
Preferred stock dividends | | | 1,240 | | | | 473 | | | | 3,478 | | | | 849 | |
Net income (loss) applicable to common shareholders | | $ | (2,241 | ) | | $ | 704 | | | $ | 2,992 | | | $ | 4,948 | |
| | | | |
Per common share information | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings (loss) | | $ | (0.26 | ) | | $ | 0.15 | | | $ | 0.39 | | | $ | 1.09 | |
Diluted earnings (loss) | | | (0.26 | ) | | | 0.15 | | | | 0.39 | | | | 1.09 | |
Dividends paid | | | 0.01 | | | | 0.64 | | | | 0.03 | | | | 1.92 | |
Average common shares issued and outstanding (in thousands) | | | 8,633,834 | | | | 4,543,963 | | | | 7,423,341 | | | | 4,469,517 | |
Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding (in thousands) | | | 8,633,834 | | | | 4,547,578 | | | | 7,449,911 | | | | 4,477,994 | |
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries |
Consolidated Balance Sheet |
| | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | | December 31 2008 | |
Assets | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 152,412 | | | $ | 32,857 | |
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments | | | 22,992 | | | | 9,570 | |
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (includes$66,218 and $2,330 measured at fair value and$187,634 and $82,099 pledged as collateral) | | | 187,761 | | | | 82,478 | |
Trading account assets (includes$55,151 and $69,348 pledged as collateral) | | | 204,838 | | | | 134,315 | |
Derivative assets | | | 94,855 | | | | 62,252 | |
Debt securities: | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale (includes$99,615and $158,939 pledged as collateral) | | | 247,200 | | | | 276,904 | |
Held-to-maturity, at cost (fair value -$7,879 and $685) | | | 9,545 | | | | 685 | |
Total debt securities | | | 256,745 | | | | 277,589 | |
Loans and leases (includes$6,197 and $5,413 measured at fair value and$117,523 and $166,891 pledged as collateral) | | | 914,266 | | | | 931,446 | |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | | | (35,832 | ) | | | (23,071 | ) |
Loans and leases, net of allowance | | | 878,434 | | | | 908,375 | |
Premises and equipment, net | | | 15,373 | | | | 13,161 | |
Mortgage servicing rights (includes$17,539and $12,733 measured at fair value) | | | 17,850 | | | | 13,056 | |
Goodwill | | | 86,009 | | | | 81,934 | |
Intangible assets | | | 12,715 | | | | 8,535 | |
Loans held-for-sale (includes$28,803 and $18,964 measured at fair value) | | | 40,124 | | | | 31,454 | |
Other assets (includes$63,666 and $55,113 measured at fair value) | | | 280,935 | | | | 162,367 | |
Total assets | | $ | 2,251,043 | | | $ | 1,817,943 | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | |
Deposits in domestic offices: | | | | | | | | |
Noninterest-bearing | | $ | 246,729 | | | $ | 213,994 | |
Interest-bearing (includes$1,652 and $1,717 measured at fair value) | | | 652,730 | | | | 576,938 | |
Deposits in foreign offices: | | | | | | | | |
Noninterest-bearing | | | 4,889 | | | | 4,004 | |
Interest-bearing | | | 70,551 | | | | 88,061 | |
Total deposits | | | 974,899 | | | | 882,997 | |
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase (includes$51,804 measured at fair value at September 30, 2009) | | | 249,578 | | | | 206,598 | |
Trading account liabilities | | | 71,672 | | | | 51,723 | |
Derivative liabilities | | | 52,624 | | | | 30,709 | |
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings (includes$568 measured at fair value at September 30, 2009) | | | 62,280 | | | | 158,056 | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (includes$17,489 and $7,542 measured at fair value and$1,567 and $421 of reserve for unfunded lending commitments) | | | 126,019 | | | | 42,516 | |
Long-term debt (includes$43,967 measured at fair value at September 30, 2009) | | | 456,288 | | | | 268,292 | |
Total liabilities | | | 1,993,360 | | | | 1,640,891 | |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities andNote 12 – Commitments andContingencies) | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized -100,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding –5,760,660 and 8,202,042 shares | | | 58,840 | | | | 37,701 | |
Common stock and additional paid-in capital, $0.01 par value; authorized –10,000,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding –8,650,314,133 and 5,017,435,592 shares | | | 128,823 | | | | 76,766 | |
Retained earnings | | | 76,881 | | | | 73,823 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | | | (6,705 | ) | | | (10,825 | ) |
Other | | | (156 | ) | | | (413 | ) |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | 257,683 | | | | 177,052 | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 2,251,043 | | | $ | 1,817,943 | |
| | |
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. | | | | | | | | |
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Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions, shares in thousands) | | Preferred Stock | | | Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital | | Retained | | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | | | | | | Total Shareholders’ | | | Comprehensive | |
| | Shares | | Amount | | Earnings | | | Income (Loss) (1) | | | Other | | | Equity | | | Income | |
Balance, December 31, 2007 | | $ | 4,409 | | | 4,437,885 | | $ | 60,328 | | $ | 81,393 | | | $ | 1,129 | | | $ | (456 | ) | | $ | 146,803 | | | | | |
Net income | | | | | | | | | | | | 5,797 | | | | | | | | | | | | 5,797 | | | $ | 5,797 | |
Net changes in available-for-sale debt and marketable equity securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (7,054 | ) | | | | | | | (7,054 | ) | | | (7,054 | ) |
Net changes in foreign currency translation adjustments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (242 | ) | | | | | | | (242 | ) | | | (242 | ) |
Net changes in derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 485 | | | | | | | | 485 | | | | 485 | |
Employee benefit plan adjustments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 35 | | | | | | | | 35 | | | | 35 | |
Dividends paid: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common | | | | | | | | | | | | (8,646 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (8,646 | ) | | | | |
Preferred | | | | | | | | | | | | (849 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (849 | ) | | | | |
Issuance of preferred stock | | | 19,742 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 19,742 | | | | | |
Stock issued in acquisition(2) | | | | | | 106,776 | | | 4,201 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4,201 | | | | | |
Common stock issued under employee plans and related tax effects | | | | | | 17,394 | | | 832 | | | | | | | | | | | (65 | ) | | | 767 | | | | | |
Balance, September 30, 2008 | | $ | 24,151 | | | 4,562,055 | | $ | 65,361 | | $ | 77,695 | | | $ | (5,647 | ) | | $ | (521 | ) | | $ | 161,039 | | | $ | (979 | ) |
Balance, December 31, 2008 | | $ | 37,701 | | | 5,017,436 | | $ | 76,766 | | $ | 73,823 | | | $ | (10,825 | ) | | $ | (413 | ) | | $ | 177,052 | | | | | |
Cumulative adjustment for accounting change – Other-than-temporary impairments on debt securities(3) | | | | | | | | | | | | 71 | | | | (71 | ) | | | | | | | - | | | | | |
Net income | | | | | | | | | | | | 6,470 | | | | | | | | | | | | 6,470 | | | $ | 6,470 | |
Net changes in available-for-sale debt and marketable equity securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3,110 | | | | | | | | 3,110 | | | | 3,110 | |
Net changes in foreign currency translation adjustments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 26 | | | | | | | | 26 | | | | 26 | |
Net changes in derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 721 | | | | | | | | 721 | | | | 721 | |
Employee benefit plan adjustments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 334 | | | | | | | | 334 | | | | 334 | |
Dividends paid: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common | | | | | | | | | | | | (238 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (238 | ) | | | | |
Preferred(4) | | | | | | | | | | | | (3,295 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (3,295 | ) | | | | |
Issuance of preferred stock and stock warrants(5) | | | 26,800 | | | | | | 3,200 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 30,000 | | | | | |
Stock issued in acquisition | | | 8,605 | | | 1,375,476 | | | 20,504 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 29,109 | | | | | |
Issuance of common stock | | | | | | 1,250,000 | | | 13,468 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 13,468 | | | | | |
Exchange of preferred stock | | | (14,797 | ) | | 999,935 | | | 14,221 | | | 576 | | | | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | |
Common stock issued under employee plans and related tax effects | | | | | | 7,467 | | | 664 | | | | | | | | | | | 257 | | | | 921 | | | | | |
Other | | | 531 | | | | | | | | | (526 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | | | | | |
Balance, September 30, 2009 | | $ | 58,840 | | | 8,650,314 | | $ | 128,823 | | $ | 76,881 | | | $ | (6,705 | ) | | $ | (156 | ) | | $ | 257,683 | | | $ | 10,661 | |
(1) | Amounts shown are net-of-tax. For additional information on accumulated OCI, seeNote 13 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
(2) | Includes adjustments for the fair value of certain Countrywide stock-based compensation awards of 507 thousand shares and $86 million. |
(3) | Effective January 1, 2009, the Corporation adopted new accounting guidance related to the recognition of other-than-temporary impairment charges on debt securities. For additional information on the adoption of this accounting pronouncement, seeNote 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting PrinciplesandNote 5 – Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Amounts shown are net-of-tax. |
(4) | Excludes $233 million of third quarter 2009 cumulative preferred dividends not declared as of September 30, 2009 and $526 million of accretion of discounts on preferred stock. |
(5) | Proceeds from the issuance of Series Q and Series R Preferred Stock were allocated to the preferred stock and warrants on a relative fair value basis. For more information, seeNote 13 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
See | accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
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Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows |
| | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | | 2008 |
Operating activities | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 6,470 | | | $ | 5,797 |
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 38,460 | | | | 18,290 |
Gains on sales of debt securities | | | (3,684 | ) | | | (362) |
Depreciation and premises improvements amortization | | | 1,755 | | | | 1,074 |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 1,546 | | | | 1,357 |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) | | | 3,560 | | | | (1,429) |
Net decrease (increase) in trading and derivative instruments | | | 42,827 | | | | (17,963) |
Net decrease in other assets | | | 21,970 | | | | 6,422 |
Net (decrease) increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities | | | (20,945 | ) | | | 17,987 |
Other operating activities, net | | | 5,718 | | | | 103 |
|
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 97,677 | | | | 31,276 |
|
Investing activities | | | | | | | |
Net decrease in time deposits placed and other short-term investments | | | 20,291 | | | | 64 |
Net decrease in federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | | | 33,541 | | | | 49,163 |
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale debt securities | | | 122,756 | | | | 69,218 |
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities of available-for-sale debt securities | | | 47,238 | | | | 18,825 |
Purchases of available-for-sale debt securities | | | (82,377 | ) | | | (109,219) |
Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity debt securities | | | 1,831 | | | | 176 |
Purchases of held-to-maturity debt securities | | | (2,677 | ) | | | (840) |
Proceeds from sales of loans and leases | | | 6,565 | | | | 42,209 |
Other changes in loans and leases, net | | | 19,221 | | | | (62,464) |
Net purchases of premises and equipment | | | (1,532 | ) | | | (1,526) |
Proceeds from sales of foreclosed properties | | | 1,352 | | | | 506 |
Cash received upon acquisition, net | | | 31,804 | | | | 6,650 |
Other investing activities, net | | | 9,812 | | | | (214) |
|
Net cash provided by investing activities | | | 207,825 | | | | 12,548 |
|
Financing activities | | | | | | | |
Net (decrease) increase in deposits | | | (6,205 | ) | | | 5,884 |
Net decrease in federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase | | | (68,600 | ) | | | (15,398) |
Net decrease in commercial paper and other short-term borrowings | | | (133,672 | ) | | | (45,277) |
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | | | 62,809 | | | | 24,038 |
Retirement of long-term debt | | | (80,302 | ) | | | (26,559) |
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock | | | 30,000 | | | | 19,742 |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | | | 13,468 | | | | 229 |
Cash dividends paid | | | (3,533 | ) | | | (9,495) |
Excess tax benefits of share-based payments | | | - | | | | 34 |
Other financing activities, net | | | (37 | ) | | | (85) |
|
Net cash used in financing activities | | | (186,072 | ) | | | (46,887) |
|
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | | | 125 | | | | (127) |
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 119,555 | | | | (3,190) |
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 | | | 32,857 | | | | 42,531 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at September 30 | | $ | 152,412 | | | $ | 39,341 |
|
| The Corporation securitized $11.6 billion of residential mortgage loans into mortgage-backed securities which were retained by the Corporation during the nine months ended September 30, 2009. |
| During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation exchanged $14.8 billion of preferred stock by issuing 1.0 billion shares of common stock valued at $11.5 billion. |
| During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation transferred credit card loans of $8.5 billion and the related allowance for loan and lease losses of $750 million in exchange for a $7.8 billion held-to-maturity debt security that was issued by the Corporation’s U.S. Credit Card Securitization Trust. |
| During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation transferred $1.7 billion of ARS from trading account assets to AFS debt securities. |
| The fair values of noncash assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Merrill Lynch acquisition were $618.9 billion and $626.4 billion. |
| Approximately 1.4 billion shares of common stock valued at approximately $20.5 billion and 376 thousand shares of preferred stock valued at $8.6 billion were issued in connection with the Merrill Lynch acquisition. |
| During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Corporation reclassified $12.6 billion of AFS debt securities to trading account assets in connection with the Countrywide acquisition. |
| The Corporation securitized $23.4 billion of residential mortgage loans into mortgage-backed securities and $4.9 billion of automobile loans into asset-backed securities which were retained by the Corporation during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. |
| The fair values of noncash assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Countrywide acquisition were $157.4 billion and $157.8 billion. |
| Approximately 107 million shares of common stock, valued at approximately $4.2 billion were issued in connection with the Countrywide acquisition. |
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
6
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Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
|
NOTE 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles |
On January 1, 2009, Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries (the Corporation) acquired all of the outstanding shares of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. (Merrill Lynch) through its merger with a subsidiary of the Corporation in exchange for common and preferred stock with a value of $29.1 billion. On July 1, 2008, the Corporation acquired all of the outstanding shares of Countrywide Financial Corporation (Countrywide) through its merger with a subsidiary of the Corporation in exchange for common stock with a value of $4.2 billion. Consequently, Merrill Lynch’s and Countrywide’s results of operations were included in the Corporation’s results from their dates of acquisition. For more information related to the Merrill Lynch and Countrywide acquisitions, seeNote 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity.
The Corporation, through its banking and nonbanking subsidiaries, provides a diverse range of financial services and products throughout the U.S. and in selected international markets. At September 30, 2009, the Corporation operated its banking activities primarily under two charters: Bank of America, National Association (Bank of America, N.A.) and FIA Card Services, N.A. In addition, with the acquisition of Merrill Lynch, the Corporation acquired Merrill Lynch Bank USA and Merrill Lynch Bank & Trust Co., FSB. Effective April 27, 2009, Countrywide Bank, FSB merged into Bank of America, N.A. Effective July 1, 2009, Merrill Lynch Bank USA merged into Bank of America, N.A. In addition, effective November 2, 2009, Merrill Lynch Bank & Trust Co., FSB merged into Bank of America, N.A. These mergers had no impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation.
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiaries, and those variable interest entities (VIEs) where the Corporation is the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Results of operations of companies purchased are included from the dates of acquisition and for VIEs, from the dates that the Corporation became the primary beneficiary. Assets held in an agency or fiduciary capacity are not included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Corporation accounts for investments in companies for which it owns a voting interest of 20 percent to 50 percent and for which it has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financing decisions using the equity method of accounting. These investments are included in other assets and are subject to impairment testing. The Corporation’s proportionate share of income or loss is included in equity investment income.
The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.
These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009. The nature of the Corporation’s business is such that the results of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. In the opinion of management, normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the interim period results have been made. The Corporation evaluates subsequent events through the date of filing with the SEC. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.
Recently Proposed and Issued Accounting Pronouncements
On July 1, 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 168, “FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted
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Accounting Principles,” which is included in FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 105 “Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” This new guidance approved the FASB ASC as the single source of authoritative nongovernmental GAAP. The FASB ASC is effective for interim or annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. All existing accounting standards have been superseded and all other accounting literature not included in the FASB ASC will be considered nonauthoritative. The ASC is a restructuring of GAAP designed to simplify access to all authoritative literature by providing a topically organized structure. The adoption of FASB ASC did not impact the Corporation’s financial condition or results of operations. Technical references to GAAP included in these Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are provided under the new FASB ASC structure.
On June 12, 2009, the FASB issued two new accounting standards: SFAS No. 166, “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140” (SFAS 166) and SFAS No. 167, “Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)” (SFAS 167), which will amend FASB ASC 860-10, “Transfers and Servicing,” and FASB ASC 810-10, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” These statements are effective on January 1, 2010. SFAS 166 revises existing sale accounting criteria for transfers of financial assets. As described more fully inNote 8 – Securitizations, the Corporation routinely transfers mortgage loans, credit card receivables, and other financial instruments to special purpose entities (SPEs) that meet the definition of a qualifying special purpose entity (QSPE) which are not currently subject to consolidation by the transferor. Among other things, SFAS 166 eliminates the concept of a QSPE. As a result, existing QSPEs generally will be subject to consolidation in accordance with the guidance provided in SFAS 167.
SFAS 167 significantly changes the criteria by which an enterprise determines whether it must consolidate a VIE. A VIE is an entity, typically an SPE, which has insufficient equity at risk or which is not controlled through voting rights held by equity investors. Currently, a VIE is consolidated by the enterprise that will absorb a majority of the expected losses or expected residual returns created by the assets of the VIE. SFAS 167 requires that a VIE be consolidated by the enterprise that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. SFAS 167 also requires that an enterprise continually reassess, based on current facts and circumstances, whether it should consolidate the VIEs with which it is involved.
The adoption of SFAS 166 and 167 on January 1, 2010 will result in the consolidation of certain QSPEs and VIEs that are not currently recorded on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet, which will result in an increase in net loans and leases, securities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Consolidation of currently unconsolidated VIEs may also result in an increase in the allowance for credit losses for newly consolidated loans, along with changes in classification in the Corporation’s Consolidated Statement of Income. The Corporation expects to consolidate on January 1, 2010 certain vehicles including credit card securitization trusts, commercial paper conduits and revolving home equity securitization trusts with a net incremental impact on total assets of approximately $121 billion (based on estimates at September 30, 2009) of which approximately $80 billion is related to credit card securitizations and commercial paper conduits that are currently included at the appropriate risk weighting in the Corporation’s risk-weighted asset calculation for regulatory capital purposes, based on current guidance. The Corporation is also evaluating other VIEs with which it is involved to determine the impact of adoption.
On April 9, 2009, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) No. FAS 157-4, “Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly,” which amends FASB ASC 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.” This amendment provides guidance for determining whether a market is inactive and a transaction is distressed in order to apply the existing fair value measurement guidance, and acknowledges that in these circumstances quoted prices may not be determinative of fair value. Additionally, this amendment requires enhanced disclosures regarding financial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value. The Corporation elected to early adopt this new guidance effective January 1, 2009 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Corporation’s financial condition or results of operations. The enhanced disclosures are included inNote 16 – Fair Value Disclosures.
On April 9, 2009, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 115-2, FAS 124-2 and EITF 99-20-2, “Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments,” which amends FASB ASC 320-10, “Investments – Debt and Equity Securities.” This new guidance requires an entity to recognize the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the noncredit component in other comprehensive income (OCI) when the entity does not intend to sell the security and it is more likely than not that the entity will not be required to sell the security prior to recovery. The new guidance also requires expanded disclosures. The Corporation elected to early adopt this new guidance effective January 1, 2009, and recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment to reclassify $71 million, net-of-tax, from retained earnings to accumulated OCI as of January 1, 2009. The new guidance does not change the recognition of other-than-temporary
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impairment for equity securities. The expanded disclosures are included inNote 5 – Securities and on the Corporation’s Consolidated Statement of Income.
On April 9, 2009, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 107-1 and APB Opinion 28-1, “Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” which amends FASB ASC 825-10, “Financial Instruments.” This new guidance requires that disclosures for financial instruments such as loans that are not measured at fair value through earnings be provided on a quarterly basis, whereas previously these disclosures were required to be provided only annually. The expanded disclosure requirements were effective for the Corporation’s quarterly financial statements for the period ended June 30, 2009. The adoption of this new guidance did not impact the Corporation’s financial condition or results of operations. These disclosures are included inNote 17 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments.
On April 1, 2009, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 141(R)-1, “Accounting for Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed in a Business Combination That Arise from Contingencies,” which amends FASB ASC 805, “Business Combinations,” and requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination that arise from contingencies be recognized at fair value on the acquisition date if fair value can be determined during the measurement period. If fair value cannot be determined, companies should typically account for the acquired contingencies using existing accounting guidance. This new guidance is effective for acquisitions consummated on or after January 1, 2009. The Corporation applied this new guidance to its January 1, 2009 acquisition of Merrill Lynch. SeeNote 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity.
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NOTE 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity |
Merrill Lynch
On January 1, 2009, the Corporation acquired Merrill Lynch through its merger with a subsidiary of the Corporation in exchange for common and preferred stock with a value of $29.1 billion, creating a financial services franchise with significantly enhanced wealth management, investment banking and international capabilities. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Merrill Lynch common shareholders received 0.8595 of a share of Bank of America Corporation common stock in exchange for each share of Merrill Lynch common stock. In addition, Merrill Lynch non-convertible preferred shareholders received Bank of America Corporation preferred stock having substantially similar terms. Merrill Lynch convertible preferred stock remains outstanding and is convertible into Bank of America common stock at an equivalent exchange ratio. With the acquisition, the Corporation has one of the largest wealth management businesses in the world with approximately 15,000 financial advisors and more than $1.9 trillion in client assets. Global investment management capabilities include an economic ownership of approximately 48 percent in BlackRock, Inc. (BlackRock), a publicly traded investment management company. In addition, the acquisition adds strengths in debt and equity underwriting, sales and trading, and merger and acquisition advice, creating significant opportunities to deepen relationships with corporate and institutional clients around the globe. Merrill Lynch’s results of operations were included in the Corporation’s results beginning January 1, 2009.
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The Merrill Lynch merger is being accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, the purchase price was preliminarily allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair values at the Merrill Lynch acquisition date as summarized in the following table. Preliminary goodwill of $4.8 billion is calculated as the purchase premium after adjusting for the fair value of net assets acquired and represents the value expected from the synergies created from combining the Merrill Lynch wealth management and corporate and investment banking businesses with the Corporation’s capabilities in consumer and commercial banking as well as the economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the two companies.
Merrill Lynch Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation
| | | |
(Dollars in billions, except per share amounts) | | | |
Purchase price | | | |
Merrill Lynch common shares exchanged (in millions) | | | 1,600 |
Exchange ratio | | | 0.8595 |
The Corporation’s common shares issued (in millions) | | | 1,375 |
Purchase price per share of the Corporation’s common stock(1) | | $ | 14.08 |
Total value of the Corporation’s common stock and cash exchanged for fractional shares | | $ | 19.4 |
Merrill Lynch preferred stock(2) | | | 8.6 |
Fair value of outstanding employee stock awards | | | 1.1 |
Total purchase price | | $ | 29.1 |
Preliminary allocation of the purchase price | | | |
Merrill Lynch stockholders’ equity | | | 19.9 |
Merrill Lynch goodwill and intangible assets | | | (2.6) |
Pre-tax adjustments to reflect acquired assets and liabilities at fair value: | | | |
Derivatives and securities | | | (1.2) |
Loans | | | (6.1) |
Intangible assets(3) | | | 5.7 |
Other assets | | | (1.5) |
Long-term debt(4) | | | 15.8 |
Pre-tax total adjustments | | | 12.7 |
Deferred income taxes | | | (5.7) |
After-tax total adjustments | | | 7.0 |
Fair value of net assets acquired | | | 24.3 |
Preliminary goodwill resulting from the Merrill Lynch merger (5) | | $ | 4.8 |
(1) | The value of the shares of common stock exchanged with Merrill Lynch shareholders was based upon the closing price of the Corporation’s common stock at December 31, 2008, the last trading day prior to the date of acquisition. |
(2) | Represents Merrill Lynch’s preferred stock exchanged for Bank of America preferred stock having substantially similar terms and also includes $1.5 billion of convertible preferred stock. |
(3) | Consists of trade name of $1.2 billion and customer relationship and core deposit intangibles of $4.5 billion. The amortization life is 10 years for the customer relationship and core deposit intangibles which are primarily amortized on a straight-line basis. |
(4) | The change in the estimated fair value of long-term debt of approximately $400 million had an immaterial impact on net income for the first and second quarters of 2009. |
(5) | No goodwill is expected to be deductible for federal income tax purposes. The goodwill was allocated toGlobal Wealth & Investment Management(GWIM)andGlobal Markets. |
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Preliminary Condensed Statement of Net Assets Acquired
The following condensed statement of net assets acquired reflects the preliminary values assigned to Merrill Lynch’s net assets as of the acquisition date.
| | | |
(Dollars in billions) | | January 1, 2009 |
Assets | | | |
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | | $ | 138.8 |
Trading account assets | | | 87.9 |
Derivative assets | | | 97.1 |
Investment securities | | | 70.5 |
Loans and leases | | | 55.9 |
Intangible assets | | | 5.7 |
Other assets | | | 194.8 |
Total assets | | $ | 650.7 |
Liabilities | | | |
Deposits | | $ | 98.1 |
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase | | | 111.6 |
Trading account liabilities | | | 18.1 |
Derivative liabilities | | | 72.0 |
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings | | | 37.9 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | | | 99.6 |
Long-term debt | | | 189.1 |
Total liabilities | | $ | 626.4 |
Fair value of net assets acquired(1) | | $ | 24.3 |
(1) | The fair value of net assets acquired excludes preliminary goodwill resulting from the Merrill Lynch merger of $4.8 billion. |
The fair value of net assets acquired includes preliminary fair value adjustments to certain receivables that were not considered impaired as of the acquisition date. These fair value adjustments were determined using incremental spreads for credit and liquidity risk which are part of the rate used to discount contractual cash flows. However, the Corporation believes that all contractual cash flows related to these financial instruments are collectible. These receivables include non-impaired loans and customer receivables with a preliminary fair value and gross contractual amounts receivable of $152.8 billion and $159.8 billion at the date of acquisition. For more information on the purchased impaired loan portfolio, seeNote 6 – Outstanding Loans and Leases.
Contingencies
The fair value of net assets acquired includes certain contingent liabilities that were recorded as of the acquisition date. Merrill Lynch has been named as a defendant in various pending legal actions and proceedings arising in connection with its activities as a global diversified financial services institution. Some of these legal actions and proceedings include claims for substantial compensatory and/or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. Merrill Lynch is also involved in investigations and/or proceedings by governmental and self-regulatory agencies. Due to the number of variables and assumptions involved in assessing the possible outcome of these legal actions, sufficient information does not exist to reasonably estimate the fair value of these contingent liabilities. As such, these contingencies have been measured in accordance with accounting guidance on contingencies which states that a loss is recognized when it is probable of occurring and the loss amount can be reasonably estimated. For further information, seeNote 12 –Commitments and Contingencies.
In connection with the Merrill Lynch acquisition, on January 1, 2009, the Corporation recorded certain guarantees, primarily standby liquidity facilities and letters of credit, with a fair value of approximately $1 billion. At the time of acquisition, the maximum amount that could be drawn under these guarantees was approximately $20 billion.
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Countrywide
On July 1, 2008, the Corporation acquired Countrywide through its merger with a subsidiary of the Corporation. Under the terms of the agreement, Countrywide shareholders received 0.1822 of a share of Bank of America Corporation common stock in exchange for each share of Countrywide common stock. The acquisition of Countrywide significantly expanded the Corporation’s mortgage originating and servicing capabilities, making it a leading mortgage originator and servicer. As provided by the merger agreement, 583 million shares of Countrywide common stock were exchanged for 107 million shares of the Corporation’s common stock. Countrywide’s results of operations were included in the Corporation’s results beginning July 1, 2008.
LaSalle
On October 1, 2007, the Corporation acquired all the outstanding shares of ABN AMRO North America Holding Company, parent of LaSalle Bank Corporation (LaSalle), for $21.0 billion in cash. As part of the acquisition, ABN AMRO Bank N.V. (the seller) capitalized approximately $6.3 billion as equity of intercompany debt prior to the date of acquisition. With this acquisition, the Corporation significantly expanded its presence in metropolitan Chicago, Illinois and Michigan by adding LaSalle’s commercial banking clients, retail customers and banking centers. LaSalle’s results of operations were included in the Corporation’s results beginning October 1, 2007.
U.S. Trust Corporation
On July 1, 2007, the Corporation acquired all the outstanding shares of U.S. Trust Corporation for $3.3 billion in cash. U.S. Trust Corporation’s results of operations were included in the Corporation’s results beginning July 1, 2007. The acquisition increased the size and capabilities of the Corporation’s wealth management business and positions it as one of the largest financial services companies managing private wealth in the U.S.
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information
If the Merrill Lynch and Countrywide mergers had been completed on January 1, 2008, total revenue, net of interest expense would have been $20.4 billion and $62.9 billion, net loss from continuing operations would have been $3.8 billion and $8.5 billion, and basic and diluted loss per common share would have been $1.16 and $2.24 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008. These results include the impact of amortizing certain purchase accounting adjustments such as intangible assets as well as fair value adjustments to loans, securities and issued debt. The pro forma financial information does not include the impact of possible business model changes nor does it consider any potential impacts of current market conditions or revenues, expense efficiencies, asset dispositions, share repurchases, or other factors. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, Merrill Lynch contributed $5.1 billion and $16.8 billion in revenue, net of interest expense, and $690 million and $2.2 billion in net income. These amounts are before the consideration of certain merger-related costs, revenue opportunities and certain consolidating tax benefits that were recognized in legacy Bank of America legal entities.
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Merger and Restructuring Charges
Merger and restructuring charges are recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income and include incremental costs to integrate the operations of the Corporation, Merrill Lynch, Countrywide, LaSalle and U.S. Trust Corporation. These charges represent costs associated with these one-time activities and do not represent ongoing costs of the fully integrated combined organization. The following table presents severance and employee-related charges, systems integrations and related charges, and other merger-related charges.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
Severance and employee-related charges | | $ | 225 | | $ | 15 | | $ | 1,207 | | $ | 90 |
Systems integrations and related charges | | | 329 | | | 186 | | | 813 | | | 431 |
Other | | | 40 | | | 46 | | | 168 | | | 108 |
Total merger and restructuring charges | | $ | 594 | | $ | 247 | | $ | 2,188 | | $ | 629 |
Included for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 are merger-related charges of $371 million and $1.5 billion related to the Merrill Lynch acquisition, $212 million and $632 million related to the Countrywide acquisition, and $11 million and $92 million related to the LaSalle acquisition. Included for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 are merger-related charges of $72 million for both periods related to the Countrywide acquisition, $159 million and $462 million related to the LaSalle acquisition and $16 million and $95 million related to the U.S. Trust Corporation acquisition.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, the $371 million and $1.5 billion of merger-related charges for the Merrill Lynch acquisition included $196 million and $1.1 billion for severance and other employee-related costs, $153 million and $294 million of system integration costs, and $22 million and $94 million in other merger-related costs.
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Merger-related Exit Cost and Restructuring Reserves
The following table presents the changes in exit cost and restructuring reserves for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Exit Cost Reserves (1) | | Restructuring Reserves (2) | |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | |
Balance, January 1 | | $ | 523 | | $ | 377 | | $ | 86 | | $ | 108 | |
Exit costs and restructuring charges: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Merrill Lynch | | | n/a | | | n/a | | | 732 | | | n/a | |
Countrywide | | | - | | | n/a | | | 108 | | | n/a | |
LaSalle | | | - | | | 87 | | | (5) | | | 46 | |
U.S. Trust Corporation | | | - | | | - | | | (1) | | | 26 | |
MBNA | | | - | | | (2) | | | - | | | - | |
Cash payments | | | (305) | | | (112) | | | (490) | | | (67) | |
Balance, June 30 | | | 218 | | | 350 | | | 430 | | | 113 | |
Exit costs and restructuring charges: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Merrill Lynch | | | n/a | | | n/a | | | 132 | | | n/a | |
Countrywide | | | - | | | 588 | | | 37 | | | 32 | |
LaSalle | | | (6) | | | (56) | | | (2) | | | (22) | |
U.S. Trust Corporation | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 5 | |
MBNA | | | - | | | (4) | | | - | | | (3) | |
Cash payments | | | (58) | | | (203) | | | (226) | | | (50) | |
Balance, September 30 | | $ | 154 | | $ | 675 | | $ | 371 | | $ | 75 | |
(1) | Exit cost reserves were established in purchase accounting resulting in an increase in goodwill. |
(2) | Restructuring reserves were established by a charge to merger and restructuring charges. |
n/a = not applicable
As of December 31, 2008, there were $523 million of exit cost reserves related to the Countrywide, LaSalle and U.S. Trust Corporation acquisitions, including $347 million for severance, relocation and other employee-related costs and $176 million for contract terminations. Cash payments of $58 million during the three months ended September 30, 2009 consisted of $38 million in severance, relocation and other employee-related costs and $20 million in contract terminations. Cash payments of $363 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 consisted of $261 million in severance, relocation and other employee-related costs and $102 million in contract terminations. Exit costs were not recorded in purchase accounting for the Merrill Lynch acquisition in accordance with amendments to the accounting guidance for business combinations which were effective on January 1, 2009.
As of December 31, 2008, there were $86 million of restructuring reserves related to the Countrywide, LaSalle and U.S. Trust Corporation acquisitions for severance and other employee-related costs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, $167 million and $1.0 billion were added to the restructuring reserves related to severance and other employee-related costs primarily associated with the Merrill Lynch acquisition. Cash payments of $226 million and $716 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 were all related to severance and other employee-related costs.
Payments under exit cost and restructuring reserves associated with the U.S. Trust Corporation acquisition will be substantially completed in 2009 while payments associated with the LaSalle, Countrywide and Merrill Lynch acquisitions will continue into 2010.
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NOTE 3 – Trading Account Assets and Liabilities |
The following table presents the fair values of the components of trading account assets and liabilities at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
| | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 |
Trading account assets | | | | | | |
U.S. government and agency securities(1) | | $ | 63,982 | | $ | 60,038 |
Corporate securities, trading loans and other | | | 59,046 | | | 34,056 |
Equity securities | | | 33,500 | | | 20,258 |
Foreign sovereign debt | | | 29,879 | | | 13,614 |
Mortgage trading loans and asset-backed securities | | | 18,431 | | | 6,349 |
Total trading account assets | | $ | 204,838 | | $ | 134,315 |
Trading account liabilities | | | | | | |
U.S. government and agency securities | | $ | 25,287 | | $ | 27,286 |
Equity securities | | | 18,560 | | | 12,128 |
Foreign sovereign debt | | | 20,072 | | | 7,252 |
Corporate securities and other | | | 7,753 | | | 5,057 |
Total trading account liabilities | | $ | 71,672 | | $ | 51,723 |
(1) | Includes $29.8 billion and $52.6 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 of government-sponsored enterprise obligations. |
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The Corporation designates derivatives as trading derivatives, economic hedges, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments under applicable GAAP. For additional information on the Corporation’s derivatives and hedging activities, seeNote 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principlesto the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
Derivative Balances
The Corporation enters into derivatives to facilitate client transactions, for proprietary trading purposes and to manage risk exposures. The following table identifies derivative instruments included on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet in derivative assets and liabilities at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Balances are provided on a gross basis, prior to the application of the impact of counterparty and collateral netting. Total derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted on an aggregate basis to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and have been reduced by the cash collateral applied.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 | |
| | | | Gross Derivative Assets | | | | | Gross Derivative Liabilities | |
(Dollars in billions) | | Contract/ Notional (1) | | Derivatives Used in Trading Activities and as Economic Hedges | | Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments (2) | | Total | | | | | Derivatives Used in Trading Activities and as Economic Hedges | | Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments (2) | | | Total | |
Interest rate contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Swaps | | $ | 48,676.6 | | $ | 1,385.8 | | $ | 5.8 | | $ | 1,391.6 | | | | | $ | 1,349.5 | | $ | 0.7 | | | $ | 1,350.2 | |
Futures and forwards | | | 8,890.7 | | | 6.4 | | | - | | | 6.4 | | | | | | 7.4 | | | 0.1 | | | | 7.5 | |
Written options | | | 2,831.4 | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | | | | 93.4 | | | - | | | | 93.4 | |
Purchased options | | | 2,591.5 | | | 92.7 | | | - | | | 92.7 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | | - | |
Foreign exchange contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Swaps | | | 669.2 | | | 28.1 | | | 5.9 | | | 34.0 | | | | | | 32.4 | | | 0.6 | | | | 33.0 | |
Spot, futures and forwards | | | 1,979.4 | | | 32.8 | | | - | | | 32.8 | | | | | | 32.6 | | | 0.1 | | | | 32.7 | |
Written options | | | 416.7 | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | | | | 15.3 | | | - | | | | 15.3 | |
Purchased options | | | 398.9 | | | 15.8 | | | - | | | 15.8 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | | - | |
Equity contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Swaps | | | 54.1 | | | 2.0 | | | - | | | 2.0 | | | | | | 2.4 | | | - | | | | 2.4 | |
Futures and forwards | | | 103.0 | | | 4.5 | | | - | | | 4.5 | | | | | | 3.6 | | | - | | | | 3.6 | |
Written options | | | 382.8 | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | | | | 34.0 | | | 0.2 | | | | 34.2 | |
Purchased options | | | 342.1 | | | 36.1 | | | - | | | 36.1 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | | - | |
Commodity contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Swaps | | | 78.1 | | | 9.5 | | | 0.1 | | | 9.6 | | | | | | 9.0 | | | - | | | | 9.0 | |
Futures and forwards | | | 2,092.1 | | | 14.8 | | | - | | | 14.8 | | | | | | 13.6 | | | - | | | | 13.6 | |
Written options | | | 98.4 | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | | | | 8.1 | | | - | | | | 8.1 | |
Purchased options | | | 95.8 | | | 7.7 | | | - | | | 7.7 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | | - | |
Credit derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchased protection: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps | | | 2,739.4 | | | 130.4 | | | - | | | 130.4 | | | | | | 38.7 | | | - | | | | 38.7 | |
Total return swaps/other | | | 14.0 | | | 1.7 | | | - | | | 1.7 | | | | | | 0.7 | | | - | | | | 0.7 | |
Written protection: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps | | | 2,811.8 | | | 37.7 | | | - | | | 37.7 | | | | | | 129.1 | | | - | | | | 129.1 | |
Total return swaps/other | | | 24.9 | | | 2.1 | | | - | | | 2.1 | | | | | | 4.6 | | | - | | | | 4.6 | |
Gross derivative assets/liabilities | | | | | $ | 1,808.1 | | $ | 11.8 | | | 1,819.9 | | | | | $ | 1,774.4 | | $ | 1.7 | | | | 1,776.1 | |
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements | | | | | | | | | | | | (1,653.1 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | (1,653.1 | ) |
Less: Cash collateral applied | | | | | | | | | | | | (71.9 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | (70.4 | ) |
Total derivative assets/liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 94.9 | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 52.6 | |
(1) | Represents the total contract/notional amount of the derivatives outstanding and includes both written and purchased protection. |
(2) | Excludes $4.4 billion of long-term debt designated as a hedge of foreign currency risk. |
16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2008 | |
| | | | Gross Derivative Assets | | | | | Gross Derivative Liabilities | |
(Dollars in billions) | | Contract/ Notional (1) | | Derivatives Used in Trading Activities and as Economic Hedges | | Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments (2) | | | Total | | | | | Derivatives Used in Trading Activities and as Economic Hedges | | Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments (2) | | Total | |
Interest rate contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Swaps | | $ | 26,577.4 | | $ | 1,213.2 | | $ | 2.2 | | | $ | 1,215.4 | | | | | $ | 1,186.0 | | $ | - | | $ | 1,186.0 | |
Futures and forwards | | | 4,432.1 | | | 5.1 | | | - | | | | 5.1 | | | | | | 7.9 | | | - | | | 7.9 | |
Written options | | | 1,731.1 | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | 62.7 | | | - | | | 62.7 | |
Purchased options | | | 1,656.6 | | | 60.3 | | | - | | | | 60.3 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | |
Foreign exchange contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Swaps | | | 438.9 | | | 17.5 | | | 3.6 | | | | 21.1 | | | | | | 20.5 | | | 1.3 | | | 21.8 | |
Spot, futures and forwards | | | 1,376.5 | | | 52.3 | | | - | | | | 52.3 | | | | | | 51.3 | | | - | | | 51.3 | |
Written options | | | 199.8 | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | 7.5 | | | - | | | 7.5 | |
Purchased options | | | 175.7 | | | 8.0 | | | - | | | | 8.0 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | |
Equity contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Swaps | | | 34.7 | | | 1.8 | | | - | | | | 1.8 | | | | | | 1.0 | | | - | | | 1.0 | |
Futures and forwards | | | 14.1 | | | 0.3 | | | - | | | | 0.3 | | | | | | 0.1 | | | - | | | 0.1 | |
Written options | | | 214.1 | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | 31.6 | | | 0.1 | | | 31.7 | |
Purchased options | | | 217.5 | | | 32.6 | | | - | | | | 32.6 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | |
Commodity contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Swaps | | | 2.1 | | | 2.4 | | | - | | | | 2.4 | | | | | | 2.1 | | | - | | | 2.1 | |
Futures and forwards | | | 9.6 | | | 1.2 | | | - | | | | 1.2 | | | | | | 1.0 | | | - | | | 1.0 | |
Written options | | | 17.6 | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | 3.8 | | | - | | | 3.8 | |
Purchased options | | | 15.6 | | | 3.7 | | | - | | | | 3.7 | | | | | | - | | | - | | | - | |
Credit derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchased protection: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps | | | 1,025.9 | | | 125.7 | | | - | | | | 125.7 | | | | | | 3.4 | | | - | | | 3.4 | |
Total return swaps | | | 6.6 | | | 1.8 | | | - | | | | 1.8 | | | | | | 0.2 | | | - | | | 0.2 | |
Written protection: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps | | | 1,000.0 | | | 3.4 | | | - | | | | 3.4 | | | | | | 118.8 | | | - | | | 118.8 | |
Total return swaps | | | 6.2 | | | 0.4 | | | - | | | | 0.4 | | | | | | 0.1 | | | - | | | 0.1 | |
Gross derivative assets/liabilities | | | | | $ | 1,529.7 | | $ | 5.8 | | | | 1,535.5 | | | | | $ | 1,498.0 | | $ | 1.4 | | | 1,499.4 | |
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements | | | | | | | | | | | | | (1,438.4 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (1,438.4 | ) |
Less: Cash collateral applied | | | | | | | | | | | | | (34.8 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (30.3 | ) |
Total derivative assets/liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 62.3 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 30.7 | |
(1) | Represents the total contract/notional amount of the derivatives outstanding and includes both written and purchased protection. |
(2) | Excludes $2.0 billion of long-term debt designated as a hedge of foreign currency risk. |
ALM and Risk Management Derivatives
The Corporation’s asset and liability management (ALM) and risk management activities include the use of derivatives to mitigate risk to the Corporation including both derivatives that are designated as hedging instruments and economic hedges. Interest rate, commodity, credit and foreign exchange contracts are utilized in the Corporation’s ALM and risk management activities.
The Corporation maintains an overall interest rate risk management strategy that incorporates the use of interest rate contracts to minimize significant fluctuations in earnings that are caused by interest rate volatility. The Corporation’s goal is to manage interest rate sensitivity so that movements in interest rates do not significantly adversely affect net interest income. As a result of interest rate fluctuations hedged fixed-rate assets and liabilities appreciate or depreciate in market value. Gains or losses on the derivative instruments that are linked to the hedged fixed-rate assets and liabilities are expected to substantially offset this unrealized appreciation or depreciation.
17
Interest rate contracts, which are generally non-leveraged generic interest rate and basis swaps, options, futures and forwards, assist the Corporation in the management of its interest rate risk position. Non-leveraged generic interest rate swaps involve the exchange of fixed-rate and variable-rate interest payments based on the contractual underlying notional amount. Basis swaps involve the exchange of interest payments based on the contractual underlying notional amounts, where both the pay rate and the receive rate are floating rates based on different indices. Option products primarily consist of caps, floors and swaptions. Futures contracts used for the Corporation’s ALM activities are primarily index futures providing for cash payments based upon the movements of an underlying rate index.
Interest rate and market risk can be substantial in the mortgage business. To hedge interest rate risk in mortgage banking production income, the Corporation utilizes forward loan sale commitments and other derivative instruments including purchased options. The Corporation also utilizes derivatives such as interest rate options, interest rate swaps, forward settlement contracts and euro-dollar futures as economic hedges of the fair value of mortgage servicing rights (MSRs). For additional information on MSRs, seeNote 18 – Mortgage Servicing Rights.
The Corporation uses foreign currency contracts to manage the foreign exchange risk associated with certain foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities, as well as the Corporation’s investments in foreign subsidiaries. Foreign exchange contracts, which include spot and forward contracts, represent agreements to exchange the currency of one country for the currency of another country at an agreed-upon price on an agreed-upon settlement date. Exposure to loss on these contracts will increase or decrease over their respective lives as currency exchange and interest rates fluctuate.
The Corporation enters into derivative commodity contracts such as futures, swaps, options and forwards as well as non-derivative commodity contracts to provide price risk management services to customers or to manage price risk associated with its physical and financial commodity positions. The non-derivative commodity contracts and physical inventories of commodities expose the Corporation to earnings volatility. Cash flow and fair value hedging provide a method to mitigate a portion of this earnings volatility.
The Corporation purchases credit derivatives to manage credit risk related to certain funded and unfunded credit exposures. Credit derivatives include credit default swaps, total return swaps and swaptions. These derivatives are accounted for as economic hedges and changes in fair value are recorded in other income.
18
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
The Corporation uses various types of interest rate, commodity and foreign exchange derivative contracts to protect against changes in the fair value of its assets and liabilities due to fluctuations in interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices (fair value hedges). The Corporation also uses these types of contracts to protect against changes in the cash flows of its assets and liabilities, and other forecasted transactions (cash flow hedges). The Corporation hedges its net investment in consolidated foreign operations determined to have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar using forward exchange contracts that typically settle in 90 days, cross-currency basis swaps, and by issuing foreign-denominated debt.
The following table summarizes certain information related to the Corporation’s derivatives designated as fair value hedge relationships for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Amounts Recognized in Income for the Three Months Ended | |
| | September 30, 2009 | | | | | September 30, 2008 | |
| | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Derivative | | | Hedged Item | | | Hedge Ineffectiveness | | | | | Derivative | | | Hedged Item | | | Hedge Ineffectiveness | |
Derivatives designated as fair value hedge relationships | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate risk on long-term debt(1) | | $ | 1,591 | | | $ | (1,778 | ) | | $ | (187 | ) | | | | $ | 599 | | | $ | (529 | ) | | $ | 70 | |
Interest rate and foreign currency risk on long-term debt(1) | | | 1,561 | | | | (1,568 | ) | | | (7 | ) | | | | | (1,771 | ) | | | 1,694 | | | | (77 | ) |
Interest rate risk on available-for-sale securities(2) | | | (603 | ) | | | 433 | | | | (170 | ) | | | | | 68 | | | | (70 | ) | | | (2 | ) |
Commodity price risk on commodity inventory(3) | | | 3 | | | | (2 | ) | | | 1 | | | | | | n/a | | | | n/a | | | | n/a | |
Total | | $ | 2,552 | | | $ | (2,915 | ) | | $ | (363 | ) | | | | $ | (1,104 | ) | | $ | 1,095 | | | $ | (9 | ) |
| |
| | Amounts Recognized in Income for the Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, 2009 | | | | | September 30, 2008 | |
| | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Derivative | | | Hedged Item | | | Hedge Ineffectiveness | | | | | Derivative | | | Hedged Item | | | Hedge Ineffectiveness | |
Derivatives designated as fair value hedge relationships | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate risk on long-term debt(1) | | $ | (3,025 | ) | | $ | 2,387 | | | $ | (638 | ) | | | | $ | 541 | | | $ | (466 | ) | | $ | 75 | |
Interest rate and foreign currency risk on long-term debt(1) | | | 1,624 | | | | (1,546 | ) | | | 78 | | | | | | (602 | ) | | | 524 | | | | (78 | ) |
Interest rate risk on available-for-sale securities(2) | | | (343 | ) | | | 121 | | | | (222 | ) | | | | | 75 | | | | (79 | ) | | | (4 | ) |
Commodity price risk on commodity inventory(3) | | | 63 | | | | (59 | ) | | | 4 | | | | | | n/a | | | | n/a | | | | n/a | |
Total | | $ | (1,681 | ) | | $ | 903 | | | $ | (778 | ) | | | | $ | 14 | | | $ | (21 | ) | | $ | (7 | ) |
(1) | Amounts are recorded in interest expense on long-term debt. |
(2) | Amounts are recorded in interest income on AFS securities. |
(3) | Amounts are recorded in trading account profits (losses). |
n/a = not applicable
19
The following table summarizes certain information related to the Corporation’s derivatives designated as cash flow hedge relationships and net investment hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. During the next 12 months, net losses in accumulated OCI of approximately $577 million ($364 million after-tax) on derivative instruments that qualify as cash flow hedge relationships are expected to be reclassified in earnings. These net losses reclassified into earnings are expected to reduce net interest income related to the respective hedged items.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | |
| | 2009 | | | | | 2008 | |
(Dollars in millions, amounts pre-tax) | | Amounts Recognized in OCI on Derivatives | | | Amounts Reclassified from OCI into Income | | | Hedge Ineffectiveness and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing(1) | | | | | Amounts Recognized in OCI on Derivatives | | | Amounts Reclassified from OCI into Income | | | Hedge Ineffectiveness and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing(1) | |
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedge relationships | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate risk on variable rate portfolios(2,3,4,5) | | $ | 246 | | | $ | (247 | ) | | $ | 19 | | | | | $ | 166 | | | $ | (313 | ) | | $ | 1 | |
Commodity price risk on forecasted purchases and sales(6) | | | (4 | ) | | | 53 | | | | (1 | ) | | | | | n/a | | | | n/a | | | | n/a | |
Price risk on equity investments included in available-for-sale securities | | | (101 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | 272 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Total | | $ | 141 | | | $ | (194 | ) | | $ | 18 | | | | | $ | 438 | | | $ | (313 | ) | | $ | 1 | |
Net investment hedges | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign exchange risk(7) | | $ | (737 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | 19 | | | | | $ | 1,402 | | | $ | - | | | $ | (57 | ) |
| |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30 | |
| | 2009 | | | | | 2008 | |
(Dollars in millions, amounts pre-tax) | | Amounts Recognized in OCI on Derivatives | | | Amounts Reclassified from OCI into Income | | | Hedge Ineffectiveness and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing(1) | | | | | Amounts Recognized in OCI on Derivatives | | | Amounts Reclassified from OCI into Income | | | Hedge Ineffectiveness and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing(1) | |
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedge relationships | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate risk on variable rate portfolios(2,3,4,5) | | $ | 211 | | | $ | (1,033 | ) | | $ | 58 | | | | | $ | (279 | ) | | $ | (921 | ) | | $ | (7 | ) |
Commodity price risk on forecasted purchases and sales(6) | | | 64 | | | | 59 | | | | (1 | ) | | | | | n/a | | | | n/a | | | | n/a | |
Price risk on equity investments included in available-for-sale securities | | | (155 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | 125 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Total | | $ | 120 | | | $ | (974 | ) | | $ | 57 | | | | | $ | (154 | ) | | $ | (921 | ) | | $ | (7 | ) |
Net investment hedges | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign exchange risk(7) | | $ | (2,736 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | (88 | ) | | | | $ | 1,410 | | | $ | - | | | $ | (136 | ) |
(1) | Amounts related to derivatives designated as cash flow hedge relationships represent hedge ineffectiveness and amounts related to net investment hedges represent amounts excluded from effectiveness testing. |
(2) | Amounts reclassified from OCI increased (decreased) interest income on assets by $5 million and $(7) million and increased interest expense $252 million and $306 million during the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. Amounts reclassified from OCI reduced interest income on assets by $103 million and $134 million and increased interest expense $930 million and $787 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. |
(3) | Hedge ineffectiveness of $36 million and $3 million was recorded in interest income and $17 million and $2 million was recorded in interest expense during the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. Hedge ineffectiveness of $75 million and $7 million was recorded in interest income and $17 million and $14 million was recorded in interest expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. |
(4) | Amounts recognized in OCI on derivatives exclude amounts related to terminated hedges of AFS securities of $23 million and $88 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $31 million and $49 million for the same periods in 2008. |
(5) | Amounts reclassified from OCI exclude amounts related to derivative interest accruals which increased interest income by $49 million and $104 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to amounts which increased interest expense by $4 million and $73 million for the same periods in 2008. |
(6) | Gains reclassified from OCI into income were recorded in trading account profits (losses). Included in the gains reclassified into trading account profits (losses) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 were $44 million related to the discontinuance of cash flow hedging because it was probable that the original forecasted transaction would not occur. |
(7) | Amounts recognized in OCI on derivatives exclude gains of $74 million and losses of $365 million related to long-term debt designated as a net investment hedge for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. |
n/a = not applicable
20
Economic Hedges
Derivatives designated as economic hedges are used by the Corporation to reduce certain risk exposure but are not accounted for as qualifying derivatives designated as hedging instruments. The following table presents gains (losses) on these derivatives for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. These gains (losses) are largely offset by the income or expense that is recorded on the economic hedged item.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 |
Price risk on mortgage banking production income(1, 2) | | $ | 1,209 | | | $ | 275 | | | $ | 5,734 | | | $ | 419 |
Interest rate risk on mortgage banking servicing income(1) | | | 1,309 | | | | 831 | | | | (1,867 | ) | | | 539 |
Credit risk on loans and leases(3) | | | (330 | ) | | | 24 | | | | (603 | ) | | | 88 |
Interest rate and foreign currency risk on long-term debt and other foreign exchange transactions(3) | | | 3,437 | | | | (2,889 | ) | | | 2,919 | | | | (569) |
Other(3) | | | 18 | | | | (25 | ) | | | - | | | | 10 |
|
Total | | $ | 5,643 | | | $ | (1,784 | ) | | $ | 6,183 | | | $ | 487 |
|
(1) | Gains (losses) on these derivatives are recorded in mortgage banking income. |
(2) | Includes gains on interest rate lock commitments related to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale, which are considered derivative instruments, of $2.6 billion and $6.3 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $485 million and $554 million for the same periods in 2008. |
(3) | Gains (losses) on these derivatives are recorded in other income. |
21
Sales and Trading Revenue
The Corporation enters into trading derivatives to facilitate client transactions, for proprietary trading purposes, and to manage risk exposures arising from trading assets and liabilities. It is the Corporation’s policy to include these derivative instruments in its trading activities which include derivative and non-derivative cash instruments. The resulting risk from these derivatives is managed on a portfolio basis as part of the Corporation’sGlobal Markets business segment. The related sales and trading revenue generated withinGlobal Markets is recorded on different income statement line items including trading account profits (losses) and net interest income as well as other revenue categories. However, the vast majority of income related to derivative instruments is recorded in trading account profits (losses). The following table identifies the amounts in the income statement line items attributable to the Corporation’s sales and trading revenue categorized by primary risk for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 |
| | 2009 | | 2008 |
(Dollars in millions) | | Trading Account Profits | | Other Revenues(1) | | | Net Interest Income | | | Total | | Trading Account Profits (Losses) | | | Other Revenues(1) | | | Net Interest Income | | | Total |
|
Interest rate risk | | $ | 258 | | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | 237 | | | $ | 494 | | $ | 556 | | | $ | (16 | ) | | $ | 93 | | | $ | 633 |
Foreign exchange risk | | | 219 | | | 1 | | | | 14 | | | | 234 | | | 341 | | | | 2 | | | | 7 | | | | 350 |
Equity risk | | | 617 | | | 585 | | | | 63 | | | | 1,265 | | | (51 | ) | | | 182 | | | | 39 | | | | 170 |
Credit risk | | | 2,177 | | | (95 | ) | | | 1,051 | | | | 3,133 | | | (1,330 | ) | | | (1,416 | ) | | | 1,053 | | | | (1,693) |
Other risk | | | 109 | | | 40 | | | | (51 | ) | | | 98 | | | (15 | ) | | | 16 | | | | (1 | ) | | | - |
|
Total sales and trading revenue | | $ | 3,380 | | $ | 530 | | | $ | 1,314 | | | $ | 5,224 | | $ | (499 | ) | | $ | (1,232 | ) | | $ | 1,191 | | | $ | (540) |
|
| |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
| | 2009 | | 2008 |
(Dollars in millions) | | Trading Account Profits | | Other Revenues (1) | | | Net Interest Income | | | Total | | Trading Account Profits (Losses) | | | Other Revenues (1) | | | Net Interest Income | | | Total |
|
Interest rate risk | | $ | 2,923 | | $ | 19 | | | $ | 847 | | | $ | 3,789 | | $ | 1,480 | | | $ | (4 | ) | | $ | 124 | | | $ | 1,600 |
Foreign exchange risk | | | 753 | | | 6 | | | | 27 | | | | 786 | | | 827 | | | | 6 | | | | 12 | | | | 845 |
Equity risk | | | 1,762 | | | 2,024 | | | | 165 | | | | 3,951 | | | (8 | ) | | | 575 | | | | 172 | | | | 739 |
Credit risk | | | 4,073 | | | (1,565 | ) | | | 3,724 | | | | 6,232 | | | (4,300 | ) | | | (3,286 | ) | | | 3,030 | | | | (4,556) |
Other risk | | | 803 | | | (1 | ) | | | (348 | ) | | | 454 | | | 83 | | | | 60 | | | | (8 | ) | | | 135 |
|
Total sales and trading revenue | | $ | 10,314 | | $ | 483 | | | $ | 4,415 | | | $ | 15,212 | | $ | (1,918 | ) | | $ | (2,649 | ) | | $ | 3,330 | | | $ | (1,237) |
|
(1) | Represents investment and brokerage services and other income recorded inGlobal Markets that the Corporation includes in its definition of sales and trading revenue. |
Credit Derivatives
The Corporation enters into credit derivatives primarily to facilitate client transactions and to manage credit risk exposures. Credit derivatives derive value based on an underlying third party-referenced obligation or a portfolio of referenced obligations and generally require the Corporation as the seller of credit protection to make payments to a buyer upon the occurrence of a predefined credit event. Such credit events generally include bankruptcy of the referenced credit entity and failure to pay under the obligation, as well as acceleration of indebtedness and payment repudiation or moratorium. For credit derivatives based on a portfolio of referenced credits or credit indices, the Corporation may not be required to make payment until a specified amount of loss has occurred and/or may only be required to make payment up to a specified amount.
22
Credit derivative instruments in which the Corporation is the seller of credit protection and their expiration at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 are summarized as follows. These instruments are classified as investment and non-investment grade based on the credit quality of the underlying reference obligation.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 |
| | Carrying Value |
(Dollars in millions) | | Less than One Year | | | One to Three Years | | | Three to Five Years | | | Over Five Years | | | Total |
|
Credit default swaps: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment grade(1) | | $ | 940 | | | $ | 7,117 | | | $ | 10,763 | | | $ | 27,199 | | | $ | 46,019 |
Non-investment grade(2) | | | 1,657 | | | | 14,817 | | | | 24,877 | | | | 41,777 | | | | 83,128 |
|
Total | | | 2,597 | | | | 21,934 | | | | 35,640 | | | | 68,976 | | | | 129,147 |
|
Total return swaps/other: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment grade(1) | | | 123 | | | | 4 | | | | 436 | | | | 1,540 | | | | 2,103 |
Non-investment grade(2) | | | - | | | | 190 | | | | 491 | | | | 1,802 | | | | 2,483 |
|
Total | | | 123 | | | | 194 | | | | 927 | | | | 3,342 | | | | 4,586 |
|
Total credit derivatives | | $ | 2,720 | | | $ | 22,128 | | | $ | 36,567 | | | $ | 72,318 | | | $ | 133,733 |
|
| |
| | Maximum Payout/Notional |
Credit default swaps: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment grade(1) | | $ | 125,714 | | | $ | 329,927 | | | $ | 631,153 | | | $ | 354,000 | | | $ | 1,440,794 |
Non-investment grade(2) | | | 105,360 | | | | 311,464 | | | | 466,507 | | | | 487,693 | | | | 1,371,024 |
|
Total | | | 231,074 | | | | 641,391 | | | | 1,097,660 | | | | 841,693 | | | | 2,811,818 |
|
Total return swaps/other: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment grade(1) | | | 169 | | | | 68 | | | | 3,144 | | | | 7,780 | | | | 11,161 |
Non-investment grade(2) | | | 167 | | | | 963 | | | | 1,052 | | | | 11,530 | | | | 13,712 |
|
Total | | | 336 | | | | 1,031 | | | | 4,196 | | | | 19,310 | | | | 24,873 |
|
Total credit derivatives | | $ | 231,410 | | | $ | 642,422 | | | $ | 1,101,856 | | | $ | 861,003 | | | $ | 2,836,691 |
|
| |
| | December 31, 2008 |
| | Carrying Value |
(Dollars in millions) | | Less than One Year | | | One to Three Years | | | Three to Five Years | | | Over Five Years | | | Total |
|
Credit default swaps: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment grade(1) | | $ | 1,039 | | | $ | 13,062 | | | $ | 32,594 | | | $ | 29,153 | | | $ | 75,848 |
Non-investment grade(2) | | | 1,483 | | | | 9,222 | | | | 19,243 | | | | 13,012 | | | | 42,960 |
|
Total | | | 2,522 | | | | 22,284 | | | | 51,837 | | | | 42,165 | | | | 118,808 |
|
Total return swaps/other: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-investment grade(2) | | | 36 | | | | 8 | | | | - | | | | 13 | | | | 57 |
|
Total credit derivatives | | $ | 2,558 | | | $ | 22,292 | | | $ | 51,837 | | | $ | 42,178 | | | $ | 118,865 |
|
| |
| | Maximum Payout/Notional |
Credit default swaps: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment grade(1) | | $ | 49,535 | | | $ | 169,508 | | | $ | 395,768 | | | $ | 187,075 | | | $ | 801,886 |
Non-investment grade(2) | | | 17,217 | | | | 48,829 | | | | 89,650 | | | | 42,452 | | | | 198,148 |
|
Total | | | 66,752 | | | | 218,337 | | | | 485,418 | | | | 229,527 | | | | 1,000,034 |
|
Total return swaps/other: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-investment grade(2) | | | 1,178 | | | | 628 | | | | 37 | | | | 4,360 | | | | 6,203 |
|
Total credit derivatives | | $ | 67,930 | | | $ | 218,965 | | | $ | 485,455 | | | $ | 233,887 | | | $ | 1,006,237 |
|
(1) | The Corporation considers ratings of BBB- or higher as meeting the definition of investment grade. |
(2) | Includes non-rated credit derivative instruments. |
The notional amount represents the maximum amount payable by the Corporation for most credit derivatives. However, the Corporation does not solely monitor its exposure to credit derivatives based on notional amount because this measure does not take into consideration the probability of occurrence. As such, the notional amount is not a reliable indicator of the Corporation’s exposure to these contracts. Instead, a risk framework is used to define risk tolerances and establish limits to help ensure that certain credit risk-related losses that occur are within acceptable, predefined limits.
The Corporation economically hedges its market risk exposure to credit derivatives by entering into a variety of offsetting
derivative contracts and security positions. For example, in certain instances, the Corporation may purchase credit protection with identical underlying referenced names to offset its exposure. The carrying value and notional amount of written credit protection for which the Corporation held purchased protection with identical underlying referenced names
23
at September 30, 2009 was $110.2 billion and $2.5 trillion compared to $92.4 billion and $819.4 billion at December 31, 2008.
Credit Risk Management of Derivatives and Credit-related Contingent Features
The Corporation executes the majority of its derivative positions in the over-the-counter market with large, international financial institutions, including broker/dealers and, to a lesser degree, with a variety of non-financial companies. Substantially all of the derivative transactions are executed on a daily margin basis. Therefore, events such as a credit downgrade (depending on the ultimate rating level) or a breach of credit covenants would typically require an increase in the amount of collateral required of the counterparty (where applicable), and/or allow the Corporation to take additional protective measures such as early termination of all trades. Further, as discussed above, the Corporation enters into legally enforceable master netting agreements which reduce risk by permitting the closeout and netting of transactions with the same counterparty upon the occurrence of certain events.
Substantially all of the Corporation’s derivative contracts contain credit risk-related contingent features, primarily in the form of International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (ISDA) master agreements that aid in enhancing the creditworthiness of these instruments as compared to other obligations of the respective counterparty with whom the Corporation has transacted (e.g., other debt or equity). These contingent features may be for the benefit of the Corporation, as well as its counterparties in respect to changes in the Corporation’s creditworthiness. At September 30, 2009, the Corporation received cash and securities collateral of $86.6 billion and posted cash and securities collateral of $78.9 billion in the normal course of business under derivative agreements.
In connection with certain over-the-counter derivatives transactions and other trading agreements, the Corporation could be required to provide additional collateral or to terminate transactions with certain counterparties in the event of a downgrade of the senior debt ratings of Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries. The amount of additional collateral required depends on the contract and is usually a fixed incremental amount and/or the market value of the exposure. At September 30, 2009, the amount of additional collateral and termination payments that would be required for such derivative transactions and trading agreements was approximately $2.1 billion if the long-term credit rating of Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries was incrementally downgraded by one level by all rating agencies. A second incremental one level downgrade by the rating agencies would have required approximately $1.0 billion in additional collateral.
The Corporation records counterparty credit risk valuation adjustments on derivative assets, including its credit default protection purchased, in order to properly reflect the credit quality of the counterparty. These adjustments are necessary as the market quotes on derivatives do not fully reflect the credit risk of the counterparties to the derivative assets. The Corporation considers collateral and legally enforceable master netting agreements that mitigate its credit exposure to each counterparty in determining the counterparty credit risk valuation adjustment. All or a portion of these counterparty credit risk valuation adjustments can be reversed or otherwise adjusted in future periods due to changes in the value of the derivative contract, collateral, and creditworthiness of the counterparty. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, credit valuation gains for counterparty credit risk related to derivative assets of $1.0 billion and $1.5 billion compared to losses of $467 million and $1.4 billion during the same periods in 2008 were recognized as trading account profits (losses). At September 30, 2009, the cumulative counterparty credit risk valuation adjustment that was netted against the derivative asset balance was $7.8 billion.
In addition, the fair value of the Corporation or its subsidiaries’ derivative liabilities is adjusted to reflect the impact of the Corporation’s credit quality. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, credit valuation losses of $714 million and $631 million compared to gains of $106 million and $346 million for the same periods in 2008 were recognized in trading account profits (losses) for changes in the Corporation or its subsidiaries’ credit risk. At September 30, 2009, the Corporation’s cumulative credit risk valuation adjustment that was netted against the derivative liabilities balance was $774 million.
24
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of AFS debt and marketable equity securities at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 were:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized Gains | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value |
Available-for-sale debt securities, September 30, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. Treasury securities and agency debentures | | $ | 26,562 | | $ | 439 | | $ | (32 | ) | | $ | 26,969 |
Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Agency MBSs | | | 120,653 | | | 3,007 | | | (165 | ) | | | 123,495 |
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations | | | 16,012 | | | 243 | | | (135 | ) | | | 16,120 |
Non-agency MBSs | | | 44,343 | | | 1,864 | | | (5,253 | ) | | | 40,954 |
Foreign securities | | | 5,017 | | | 40 | | | (897 | ) | | | 4,160 |
Corporate/Agency bonds | | | 5,853 | | | 156 | | | (122 | ) | | | 5,887 |
Other taxable securities (1) | | | 18,844 | | | 300 | | | (505 | ) | | | 18,639 |
|
Total taxable securities | | | 237,284 | | | 6,049 | | | (7,109 | ) | | | 236,224 |
Tax-exempt securities | | | 10,939 | | | 209 | | | (172 | ) | | | 10,976 |
|
Total available-for-sale debt securities | | $ | 248,223 | | $ | 6,258 | | $ | (7,281 | ) | | $ | 247,200 |
|
Available-for-sale marketable equity securities(2) | | $ | 6,189 | | $ | 3,172 | | $ | (612 | ) | | $ | 8,749 |
|
| | | | |
Available-for-sale debt securities, December 31, 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. Treasury securities and agency debentures | | $ | 4,540 | | $ | 121 | | $ | (14 | ) | | $ | 4,647 |
Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Agency MBSs | | | 191,913 | | | 3,064 | | | (146 | ) | | | 194,831 |
Non-agency MBSs | | | 43,224 | | | 860 | | | (9,337 | ) | | | 34,747 |
Foreign securities | | | 5,675 | | | 6 | | | (678 | ) | | | 5,003 |
Corporate/Agency bonds | | | 5,560 | | | 31 | | | (1,022 | ) | | | 4,569 |
Other taxable securities (1) | | | 24,832 | | | 11 | | | (1,300 | ) | | | 23,543 |
|
Total taxable securities | | | 275,744 | | | 4,093 | | | (12,497 | ) | | | 267,340 |
Tax-exempt securities | | | 10,501 | | | 44 | | | (981 | ) | | | 9,564 |
|
Total available-for-sale debt securities | | $ | 286,245 | | $ | 4,137 | | $ | (13,478 | ) | | $ | 276,904 |
|
Available-for-sale marketable equity securities(2) | | $ | 18,892 | | $ | 7,717 | | $ | (1,537 | ) | | $ | 25,072 |
|
(2) | Represents those AFS marketable equity securities that are recorded in other assets on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. |
At September 30, 2009, the amortized cost and fair value of held-to-maturity debt securities were $9.5 billion and $7.9 billion, which include asset-backed securities that were issued by the Corporation’s credit card securitization trust and retained by the Corporation with an amortized cost of $6.9 billion and a fair value of $5.3 billion. At December 31, 2008, both the amortized cost and fair value of held-to-maturity debt securities were $685 million. The accumulated net unrealized gains (losses) on AFS debt and marketable equity securities included in accumulated OCI were $(596) million and $1.6 billion, net of the related income tax expense (benefit) of $(427) million and $947 million at September 30, 2009. For more information on accumulated OCI seeNote 13 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation had nonperforming AFS debt securities of $779 million and $291 million.
The Corporation obtained certain securities as part of the Merrill Lynch acquisition with evidence of deterioration and for which it was probable that all contractually required payments would not be collected. The securities’ par value was approximately $6.6 billion and fair value was approximately $1.8 billion as of the acquisition date.
The Corporation adopted new accounting guidance related to the recognition of other-than-temporary impairment charges on debt securities as of January 1, 2009. As prescribed by the new guidance, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation recognized the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment of its debt securities in earnings and the non-credit component in OCI for those securities which the Corporation does not intend to sell and it is more likely than not that the Corporation will not be required to sell the security prior to recovery. Upon adoption, $71 million, net-of-tax, of other-than-temporary impairment charges previously recorded through earnings were reclassified to OCI with an offset to retained earnings as a cumulative-effect adjustment. For additional information on the adoption of this accounting pronouncement see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles.
25
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation recorded other-than-temporary impairment losses on AFS debt securities as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Non-agency MBSs | | | Foreign Securities | | | Corporate / Agency Bonds | | | Other Taxable Securities | | | Total | |
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses (unrealized and realized) | | $ | (538 | ) | | $ | (107 | ) | | $ | (19 | ) | | $ | (183 | ) | | $ | (847 | ) |
Less: Unrealized other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized in OCI (1) | | | 50 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 50 | |
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings(2) | | $ | (488 | ) | | $ | (107 | ) | | $ | (19 | ) | | $ | (183 | ) | | $ | (797 | ) |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Non-agency MBSs | | | Foreign Securities | | | Corporate / Agency Bonds | | | Other Taxable Securities | | | Total | |
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses (unrealized and realized) | | $ | (1,801 | ) | | $ | (342 | ) | | $ | (87 | ) | | $ | (441 | ) | | $ | (2,671 | ) |
Less: Unrealized other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized in OCI(1) | | | 477 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 477 | |
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings(2) | | $ | (1,324 | ) | | $ | (342 | ) | | $ | (87 | ) | | $ | (441 | ) | | $ | (2,194 | ) |
(1) | Represents the non-credit component of the other-than-temporary impairment on AFS debt securities. For securities where the credit loss exceeds the total unrealized loss, the non-credit component is recognized as an unrealized gain in OCI. Balances above exclude $149 million and $430 million of gross unrealized gains recorded in OCI related to these securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. |
(2) | Represents the credit component of the other-than-temporary impairment on AFS debt securities. |
Activity related to the credit component recognized in earnings on debt securities held by the Corporation for which a portion of the other-than-temporary impairment loss remains in OCI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 is as follows:
| | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 296 | | $ | - |
Credit component of other-than-temporary impairment not reclassified to OCI in conjunction with the cumulative-effect transition adjustment(1) | | | - | | | 22 |
Additions for the credit component on debt securities in which other-than-temporary impairment was not previously recognized(2) | | | 36 | | | 310 |
Additions for the credit component on debt securities in which other-than-temporary impairment was previously recognized(2) | | | 9 | | | 9 |
Balance, September 30, 2009 | | $ | 341 | | $ | 341 |
(1) | As of January 1, 2009, the Corporation had securities with $134 million of other-than-temporary impairment previously recognized in earnings of which $22 million represented the credit component and $112 million represented the non-credit component which was reclassified back to OCI through a cumulative-effect transition adjustment. |
(2) | During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation recognized $752 million and $1.9 billion of other-than-temporary impairments on debt securities in which no portion of other-than-temporary impairment loss remained in OCI. Other-than-temporary impairments related to these securities are excluded from these amounts. |
26
As of September 30, 2009, those debt securities with other-than-temporary impairment for which a portion of the other-than-temporary impairment loss remains in OCI consisted entirely of non-agency mortgage-backed securities. The Corporation estimates the portion of loss attributable to credit using a discounted cash flow model. The Corporation estimates the expected cash flows of the underlying collateral using internal credit risk, interest rate and prepayment risk models that incorporate management’s best estimate of current key assumptions, such as default rates, loss severity and prepayment rates. Assumptions used can vary widely from loan to loan and are influenced by such factors as loan interest rate, geographical location of the borrower, borrower characteristics and collateral type. The Corporation then uses a third party vendor to determine how the underlying collateral cash flows will be distributed to each security issued from a structure. Expected principal and interest cash flows on an impaired debt security are discounted using an observable discount rate for similar instruments with adjustments that management believes a market participant would consider in determining fair value for the specific security. Based on the expected cash flows derived from the model, the Corporation expects to recover the remaining unrealized losses on non-agency mortgage-backed securities.
Significant assumptions used in the modeling of the credit component of the non-agency mortgage-backed securities with other-than-temporary impairments were as follows as of September 30, 2009.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Range |
| | Weighted- average | | | | | | | | 10th Percentile | | | | | | | | 90th Percentile | | |
Prepayment speed(1) | | 11.8 | | | | % | | | | 3.0 | | | | % | | | | 32.7 | | % |
Loss severity(2) | | 56.3 | | | | | | | | 27.8 | | | | | | | | 67.4 | | |
Life default rate(3) | | 57.0 | | | | | | | | 3.2 | | | | | | | | 98.7 | | |
(1) | Annual constant prepayment speed. |
(2) | Loss severity rates are projected considering collateral characteristics such as loan-to-value (LTV), creditworthiness of borrowers (FICO score) and geographic concentration. Weighted-average severity by collateral type was 52 percent for prime bonds, 57 percent for Alt-A bonds, and 58 percent for subprime bonds. |
(3) | Default rates are projected by considering collateral characteristics including, but not limited to, LTV, FICO and geographic concentration. Weighted-average default rate by collateral type was 40 percent for prime bonds, 62 percent for Alt-A bonds, and 61 percent for subprime bonds. |
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation recognized $326 million of other-than-temporary impairment losses on AFS marketable equity securities compared to $388 million during the same period in 2008. During the three months ended September 30, 2008, the Corporation recognized $374 million of other-than-temporary impairment losses on AFS marketable equity securities. No such losses were recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2009.
27
The following table presents the current fair value and the associated gross unrealized losses on investments in securities with gross unrealized losses at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, including debt securities for which a portion of other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized in OCI. The table also discloses whether these securities have had gross unrealized losses for less than twelve months, or for twelve months or longer.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Less than twelve months | | | Twelve months or longer | | | Total | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | |
Temporarily-impaired available-for-sale debt securities as of September 30, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. Treasury securities and agency debentures | | $ | 3,875 | | $ | (32 | ) | | $ | - | | $ | - | | | $ | 3,875 | | $ | (32 | ) |
Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Agency MBSs | | | 10,011 | | | (162 | ) | | | 172 | | | (3 | ) | | | 10,183 | | | (165 | ) |
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations | | | 4,236 | | | (135 | ) | | | - | | | - | | | | 4,236 | | | (135 | ) |
Non-agency MBSs | | | 9,673 | | | (1,581 | ) | | | 12,028 | | | (3,567 | ) | | | 21,701 | | | (5,148 | ) |
Foreign securities | | | 180 | | | (54 | ) | | | 3,669 | | | (843 | ) | | | 3,849 | | | (897 | ) |
Corporate/Agency bonds | | | 456 | | | (91 | ) | | | 373 | | | (31 | ) | | | 829 | | | (122 | ) |
Other taxable securities | | | 311 | | | (25 | ) | | | 3,491 | | | (480 | ) | | | 3,802 | | | (505 | ) |
Total taxable securities | | | 28,742 | | | (2,080 | ) | | | 19,733 | | | (4,924 | ) | | | 48,475 | | | (7,004 | ) |
Tax-exempt securities | | | 157 | | | (5 | ) | | | 1,881 | | | (167 | ) | | | 2,038 | | | (172 | ) |
Total temporarily-impaired available-for-sale debt securities | | | 28,899 | | | (2,085 | ) | | | 21,614 | | | (5,091 | ) | | | 50,513 | | | (7,176 | ) |
Temporarily-impaired available-for-sale marketable equity securities | | | 49 | | | (1 | ) | | | 2,089 | | | (611 | ) | | | 2,138 | | | (612 | ) |
Total temporarily-impaired available-for-sale securities | | | 28,948 | | | (2,086 | ) | | | 23,703 | | | (5,702 | ) | | | 52,651 | | | (7,788 | ) |
Other-than-temporarily impaired available-for-sale debt securities(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-agency MBSs | | | 171 | | | (33 | ) | | | 555 | | | (72 | ) | | | 726 | | | (105 | ) |
Total temporarily-impaired and other-than-temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities | | $ | 29,119 | | $ | (2,119 | ) | | $ | 24,258 | | $ | (5,774 | ) | | $ | 53,377 | | $ | (7,893 | ) |
Temporarily-impaired available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31, 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. Treasury securities and agency debentures | | $ | 306 | | $ | (14 | ) | | $ | - | | $ | - | | | $ | 306 | | $ | (14 | ) |
Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Agency MBSs | | | 2,282 | | | (12 | ) | | | 7,508 | | | (134 | ) | | | 9,790 | | | (146 | ) |
Non-agency MBSs | | | 20,068 | | | (6,776 | ) | | | 4,141 | | | (2,561 | ) | | | 24,209 | | | (9,337 | ) |
Foreign securities | | | 3,491 | | | (562 | ) | | | 1,126 | | | (116 | ) | | | 4,617 | | | (678 | ) |
Corporate/Agency bonds | | | 2,573 | | | (934 | ) | | | 666 | | | (88 | ) | | | 3,239 | | | (1,022 | ) |
Other taxable securities | | | 12,870 | | | (1,077 | ) | | | 501 | | | (223 | ) | | | 13,371 | | | (1,300 | ) |
Total taxable securities | | | 41,590 | | | (9,375 | ) | | | 13,942 | | | (3,122 | ) | | | 55,532 | | | (12,497 | ) |
Tax-exempt securities | | | 6,386 | | | (682 | ) | | | 1,540 | | | (299 | ) | | | 7,926 | | | (981 | ) |
Total temporarily-impaired available-for-sale debt securities | | | 47,976 | | | (10,057 | ) | | | 15,482 | | | (3,421 | ) | | | 63,458 | | | (13,478 | ) |
Temporarily-impaired available-for-sale marketable equity securities | | | 3,431 | | | (499 | ) | | | 1,555 | | | (1,038 | ) | | | 4,986 | | | (1,537 | ) |
Total temporarily-impaired available-for-sale securities | | $ | 51,407 | | $ | (10,556 | ) | | $ | 17,037 | | $ | (4,459 | ) | | $ | 68,444 | | $ | (15,015 | ) |
(1) | Includes other-than-temporarily impaired available-for-sale debt securities in which a portion of the other-than-temporary impairment loss remains in OCI. |
28
At September 30, 2009, the amortized cost of approximately 10,000 AFS securities, including securities with other-than-temporary impairment in which a portion of the impairment remains in OCI, exceeded their fair value by $7.9 billion. Included in the $7.9 billion of gross unrealized losses on these AFS securities at September 30, 2009, was $2.1 billion of gross unrealized losses that have existed for less than twelve months and $5.8 billion of gross unrealized losses that have existed for a period of twelve months or longer. Of the gross unrealized losses existing for twelve months or longer, $3.6 billion, or 62 percent, of the gross unrealized loss is related to approximately 400 mortgage-backed securities due to continued deterioration in non-agency MBS values driven by a lack of market liquidity. The Corporation does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Corporation will not be required to sell these securities before recovery of its amortized cost basis. In addition, $611 million, or 11 percent, of the gross unrealized loss is related to approximately 400 AFS marketable equity securities primarily due to the decline in the market. The Corporation has the ability and intent to hold these securities for a period of time sufficient to recover all gross unrealized losses.
The Corporation had investments in AFS mortgage-backed securities from Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae that exceeded 10 percent of consolidated shareholders’ equity as of September 30, 2009. These investments had market values of $76.6 billion, $32.8 billion and $30.2 billion at September 30, 2009 and total amortized cost of $75.3 billion, $31.8 billion and $29.6 billion, respectively. The Corporation had investments in AFS debt securities from Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae that exceeded 10 percent of consolidated shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2008. These investments had market values of $104.1 billion, $46.9 billion and $44.6 billion at December 31, 2008 and total amortized cost of $102.9 billion, $46.1 billion and $43.7 billion, respectively.
Securities are pledged or assigned to secure borrowed funds, government and trust deposits and for other purposes. The carrying value of pledged securities was $99.6 billion and $158.9 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
The expected maturity distribution of the Corporation’s mortgage-backed securities and the contractual maturity distribution of the Corporation’s other debt securities, and the yields of the Corporation’s AFS debt securities portfolio at September 30, 2009 are summarized in the following table. Actual maturities may differ from the contractual or expected maturities since borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 |
| | Due in one year or less | | Due after one year through five years | | Due after five years through ten years | | Due after ten years | | | | Total |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Amount | | Yield (1) | | | | Amount | | Yield (1) | | | | Amount | | Yield (1) | | | | Amount | | Yield (1) | | | | Amount | | Yield (1) | | |
Fair value of available-for-sale debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. Treasury securities and agency debentures | | $ | 171 | | 2.24 | | % | | $ | 14,719 | | 1.60 | | % | | $ | 2,910 | | 4.65 | | % | | $ | 9,169 | | 4.17 | | % | | $ | 26,969 | | 2.80 | | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Agency MBSs | | | 42 | | 5.01 | | | | | 64,500 | | 5.03 | | | | | 37,758 | | 4.95 | | | | | 21,195 | | 4.57 | | | | | 123,495 | | 4.92 | | |
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations | | | 425 | | 1.03 | | | | | 7,777 | | 1.73 | | | | | 7,914 | | 1.43 | | | | | 4 | | 5.22 | | | | | 16,120 | | 1.56 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-agency MBSs | | | 821 | | 7.95 | | | | | 21,991 | | 8.84 | | | | | 9,984 | | 9.17 | | | | | 8,158 | | 5.29 | | | | | 40,954 | | 8.17 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign securities | | | 544 | | 1.43 | | | | | 2,210 | | 6.19 | | | | | 88 | | 4.03 | | | | | 1,318 | | 4.12 | | | | | 4,160 | | 4.68 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate/Agency bonds | | | 875 | | 0.85 | | | | | 1,881 | | 4.29 | | | | | 2,613 | | 9.47 | | | | | 518 | | 4.36 | | | | | 5,887 | | 6.01 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other taxable securities | | | 10,468 | | 1.07 | | | | | 6,110 | | 3.76 | | | | | 415 | | 9.99 | | | | | 1,646 | | 4.13 | | | | | 18,639 | | 2.43 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total taxable securities | | | 13,346 | | 1.65 | | | | | 119,188 | | 5.11 | | | | | 61,682 | | 5.41 | | | | | 42,008 | | 4.60 | | | | | 236,224 | | 4.89 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tax-exempt securities(2) | | | 1,283 | | 1.49 | | | | | 1,858 | | 6.85 | | | | | 4,513 | | 6.97 | | | | | 3,322 | | 4.19 | | | | | 10,976 | | 5.43 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total available-for-sale debt securities | | $ | 14,629 | | 1.63 | | | | $ | 121,046 | | 5.13 | | | | $ | 66,195 | | 5.51 | | | | $ | 45,330 | | 4.57 | | | | $ | 247,200 | | 4.91 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amortized cost of available-for-sale debt securities | | $ | 15,157 | | | | | | $ | 121,308 | | | | | | $ | 65,059 | | | | | | $ | 46,699 | | | | | | $ | 248,223 | | | | |
(1) | Yields are calculated based on the amortized cost of the securities. |
(2) | Yields of tax-exempt securities are calculated on a fully taxable-equivalent (FTE) basis. |
29
The components of realized gains and losses on sales of debt securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 were:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 |
Gross gains | | $ | 1,639 | | | $ | 58 | | | | $ | 3,920 | | | $ | 477 |
Gross losses | | | (85 | ) | | | (48) | | | | | (236 | ) | | | (115) |
Net gains on sales of debt securities | | $ | 1,554 | | | $ | 10 | | | | $ | 3,684 | | | $ | 362 |
The income tax expense attributable to realized net gains on debt securities sales was $575 million and $1.4 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $3 million and $134 million for the same periods in 2008.
Certain Corporate and Strategic Investments
At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation owned approximately 11 percent, or 25.6 billion common shares and 19 percent, or 44.7 billion common shares of CCB. During the first quarter of 2009, the Corporation sold 5.6 billion common shares of its initial investment of 19.1 billion common shares in CCB for a pre-tax gain of approximately $1.9 billion. During the second quarter of 2009, the Corporation sold its remaining 13.5 billion common shares of its initial investment in CCB for a pre-tax gain of approximately $5.3 billion. These shares were accounted for at fair value and recorded as AFS marketable equity securities in other assets with an offset, net-of-tax, to accumulated OCI. The remaining investment of 25.6 billion common shares is accounted for at cost, is recorded in other assets and is non-transferable until August 2011. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the cost of the CCB investment was $9.2 billion and $12.0 billion. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the carrying value was $9.2 billion and $19.7 billion and the fair value was $20.4 billion and $24.5 billion. Dividend income on this investment is recorded in equity investment income. The Corporation remains a significant shareholder in CCB and intends to continue the important long-term strategic alliance with CCB originally entered into in 2005. As part of this alliance, the Corporation expects to continue to provide advice and assistance to CCB.
Additionally, the Corporation owned approximately 188.4 million and 171.3 million of preferred shares and 56.5 million and 51.3 million of common shares of Itaú Unibanco Holding S.A. (Itaú Unibanco) at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. During the third quarter of 2009, the Corporation received a stock dividend resulting in an increase of preferred shares of 17.1 million and common shares of 5.2 million. The Itaú Unibanco investment is accounted for at fair value and recorded as AFS marketable equity securities in other assets with an offset, net-of-tax, to accumulated OCI. Dividend income on this investment is recorded in equity investment income. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the cost of this investment was $2.6 billion and the fair value was $4.9 billion and $2.5 billion.
At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation had a 24.9 percent, or $2.4 billion and $2.1 billion, investment in Grupo Financiero Santander, S.A., the subsidiary of Grupo Santander, S.A. This investment is recorded in other assets and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting with income being recorded in equity investment income.
As part of the acquisition of Merrill Lynch, the Corporation acquired an economic ownership in BlackRock, a publicly traded investment company. At September 30, 2009, the carrying value was $8.7 billion representing an approximate 48 percent economic ownership in BlackRock. This investment is recorded in other assets and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting with income being recorded in equity investment income.
On June 26, 2009, the Corporation entered into a joint venture agreement with First Data Corporation creating Banc of America Merchant Services, LLC. Approximately 46.5 percent of this joint venture is owned by the Corporation and 48.5 percent is owned by First Data Corporation, with the remaining stake held by a third party investor. In the second quarter of 2009, the Corporation recorded in other income a pre-tax gain of $3.8 billion related to the contribution of its merchant processing business to the joint venture. The investment in the joint venture, which was initially recorded at a fair value of $4.7 billion is being accounted for under the equity method of accounting with income being recorded in equity investment income. The carrying value at September 30, 2009 was $4.7 billion.
For additional information on securities, seeNote 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
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|
NOTE 6 – Outstanding Loans and Leases |
Outstanding loans and leases at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 were:
| | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 |
Consumer | | | | | | |
Residential mortgage(1) | | $ | 238,921 | | $ | 248,063 |
Home equity | | | 152,039 | | | 152,483 |
Discontinued real estate(2) | | | 15,460 | | | 19,981 |
Credit card – domestic | | | 49,221 | | | 64,128 |
Credit card – foreign | | | 20,985 | | | 17,146 |
Direct/Indirect consumer(3) | | | 98,366 | | | 83,436 |
Other consumer(4) | | | 3,264 | | | 3,442 |
Total consumer | | | 578,256 | | | 588,679 |
Commercial | | | | | | |
Commercial – domestic(5) | | | 207,607 | | | 219,233 |
Commercial real estate(6) | | | 72,662 | | | 64,701 |
Commercial lease financing | | | 21,910 | | | 22,400 |
Commercial – foreign | | | 27,634 | | | 31,020 |
Total commercial loans | | | 329,813 | | | 337,354 |
Commercial loans measured at fair value(7) | | | 6,197 | | | 5,413 |
Total commercial | | | 336,010 | | | 342,767 |
Total loans and leases | | $ | 914,266 | | $ | 931,446 |
(1) | Includes foreign residential mortgages of $533 million at September 30, 2009. The Corporation did not have any foreign residential mortgage loans at December 31, 2008. |
(2) | Includes $13.9 billion and $18.2 billion of pay option loans and $1.5 billion and $1.8 billion of subprime loans at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 obtained as part of the acquisition of Countrywide. The Corporation no longer originates these products. |
(3) | Includes dealer financial services loans of $41.4 billion and $40.1 billion, consumer lending loans of $21.9 billion and $28.2 billion, securities-based lending margin loans of $11.7 billion and $0, and foreign consumer loans of $7.9 billion and $1.8 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
(4) | Includes consumer finance loans of $2.3 billion and $2.6 billion, and other foreign consumer loans of $683 million and $618 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
(5) | Includes small business commercial – domestic loans, primarily card related, of $17.9 billion and $19.1 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
(6) | Includes domestic commercial real estate loans of $69.1 billion and $63.7 billion, and foreign commercial real estate loans of $3.5 billion and $979 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
(7) | Certain commercial loans are measured at fair value in accordance with fair value option and include commercial – domestic loans of $4.0 billion and $3.5 billion, commercial – foreign loans of $2.1 billion and $1.7 billion, and commercial real estate loans of $98 million and $203 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. SeeNote 16 – Fair Value Disclosuresfor additional discussion of fair value for certain financial instruments. |
The Corporation mitigates a portion of its credit risk in the residential mortgage portfolio through cash collateralized synthetic securitizations which provide mezzanine risk protection of $2.6 billion and are designed to reimburse the Corporation in the event that losses exceed 10 bps of the original pool balance. As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, $76.3 billion and $109.3 billion of mortgage loans were referenced to these agreements. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, $37 million and $673 million were recognized in other income for amounts that will be reimbursed under these structures. As of September 30, 2009, the Corporation had a receivable of $1.1 billion from these structures for reimbursement of losses. In addition, the Corporation has entered into credit protection agreements with government-sponsored enterprises on $5.5 billion and $9.6 billion as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, providing full protection on conforming residential mortgage loans that become severely delinquent. Combined these structures provided risk mitigation for approximately 34 percent and 48 percent of the residential mortgage portfolio at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
31
Nonperforming Loans and Leases
The following table presents the Corporation’s nonperforming loans and leases at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. This table excludes purchased impaired loans, performing troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) and loans measured at fair value under the fair value option. See the discussions that follow on impaired loans and troubled debt restructurings, and the purchased impaired loan portfolio.
Nonperforming Loans and Leases(1)
| | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 |
Consumer(2) | | | | | | |
Residential mortgage | | $ | 15,509 | | $ | 7,057 |
Home equity | | | 3,741 | | | 2,637 |
Discontinued real estate | | | 207 | | | 77 |
Direct/Indirect consumer | | | 92 | | | 26 |
Other consumer | | | 105 | | | 91 |
Total consumer | | | 19,654 | | | 9,888 |
Commercial | | | | | | |
Commercial – domestic(3) | | | 4,886 | | | 2,245 |
Commercial real estate | | | 6,943 | | | 3,906 |
Commercial lease financing | | | 170 | | | 56 |
Commercial – foreign | | | 261 | | | 290 |
Total commercial | | | 12,260 | | | 6,497 |
Total nonperforming loans and leases | | $ | 31,914 | | $ | 16,385 |
(1) | Only real estate secured accounts are generally placed into nonaccrual status and classified as nonperforming at 90 days past due. These loans may be restored to performing status when all principal and interest is current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected, or when the loan otherwise becomes well-secured and is in the process of collection. Troubled debt restructurings are generally reclassified as performing after six consecutive, on-time payments. |
(2) | The definition of nonperforming generally does not include consumer credit card and consumer non-real estate loans and leases. These loans are charged off no later than the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due. |
(3) | Includes small business commercial – domestic loans of $167 million and $205 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
Impaired Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings
A loan is considered impaired when based on current information and events, it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming commercial loans but also include loans modified in troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) where concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate on the loan, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. These amounts exclude all commercial leases, purchased impaired loans, and loans measured at fair value under the fair value option. See the discussion that follows on the purchased impaired loan portfolio.
Included in certain loan categories in the nonperforming table above are TDRs that were classified as nonperforming. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation had $2.9 billion and $209 million of residential mortgages, $1.6 billion and $302 million of home equity, $330 million and $44 million of commercial domestic loans, and $34 million and $5 million of discontinued real estate loans that were modified in TDRs and nonperforming. In addition to these amounts the Corporation had TDRs that were performing in accordance with their modified terms of $1.6 billion and $320 million of residential mortgage, $433 million and $1 million of home equity, $32 million and $66 million of discontinued real estate, and $130 million and $13 million of commercial domestic loans at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the recorded investment in impaired loans (commercial nonperforming loans, commercial accruing TDRs and consumer accruing and non-accruing TDRs) requiring an allowance for loan and lease losses was $17.5 billion and $6.9 billion, and the related allowance for loan and lease losses was $2.7 billion and $720 million.
32
The Corporation seeks to assist customers that are experiencing financial difficulty through renegotiating credit card and consumer lending loans, while ensuring compliance with Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) guidelines. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation had renegotiated consumer credit card – domestic held loans of $3.8 billion and $2.3 billion, of which $2.8 billion and $1.7 billion were current or less than 30 days past due under the modified terms. In addition at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation had renegotiated consumer credit card – foreign held loans of $895 million and $517 million, of which $478 million and $287 million were current or less than 30 days past due under the modified terms, and consumer lending loans of $1.9 billion and $1.3 billion, of which $1.4 billion and $854 million were current or less than 30 days past due under the modified terms. These renegotiated loans are excluded from nonperforming loans.
Purchased Impaired Loans
Purchased impaired loans are acquired loans with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination and for which it is probable at purchase date that the Corporation will be unable to collect all contractually required payments. For additional information on the accounting for purchased impaired loans see theLoans and Leases section ofNote 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
As of January 1, 2009, the Merrill Lynch purchased impaired consumer and commercial loans had an unpaid principal balance of $2.7 billion and $2.9 billion and a fair value of $2.3 billion and $1.9 billion. At September 30, 2009, the unpaid principal balance on both consumer and commercial loans was $2.5 billion and the carrying value on these loans was $2.0 billion and $1.2 billion, net of the allowance for loan and lease losses. The following table provides details on purchased impaired loans obtained in connection with the Merrill Lynch acquisition.
Acquired Loan Information for Merrill Lynch, as of January 1, 2009
| | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | |
Contractually required payments including interest | | $ | 6,205 |
Less: Nonaccretable difference | | | (1,357) |
Cash flows expected to be collected(1) | | | 4,848 |
Less: Accretable yield | | | (627) |
Fair value of loans acquired | | $ | 4,221 |
(1) | Represents undiscounted expected principal and interest cash flows at acquisition. |
Under purchased impaired loan accounting, the excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized in interest income over the remaining life of the loans. The difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the nonaccretable difference. Changes in the expected cash flows from the date of acquisition will either impact the accretable yield or result in a charge to the provision for credit losses. Subsequent decreases to expected principal cash flows will result in a charge to provision for credit losses and a corresponding increase to allowance for loan and lease losses. Subsequent increases in expected principal cash flows will result in recovery of any previously recorded allowance for loan and lease losses, to the extent applicable, and an increase from expected cash flows to accretable yield for any remaining increase. All changes in expected interest cash flows will result in an increase or decrease of accretable yield.
Loans in the purchased impaired loan population that are modified subsequent to acquisition are reviewed to compare modified contractual cash flows to the purchased impaired loan carrying value. If modified cash flows are lower than the carrying value, the loan is removed from the purchased impaired loan pool at its carrying value, as well as the related allowance for loan and lease losses, and classified as a TDR. The carrying value of purchased impaired loan TDRs totaled $2.1 billion at September 30, 2009 of which $1.8 billion were on accrual status. The carrying basis of these modified loans, net of allowance, was approximately 68 percent of the unpaid principal balance.
33
The Corporation recorded $1.3 billion and $3.0 billion in net reserve additions related to the purchased impaired loan portfolio during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 due to a decrease in expected principal cash flows. The amount of the allowance for loan and lease losses associated with the purchased impaired loan portfolio was $3.8 billion at September 30, 2009 of which $3.5 billion related to Countrywide and $232 million related to Merrill Lynch.
The following table provides activity for the accretable yield on purchased impaired loans acquired from Countrywide and Merrill Lynch for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. The decrease in expected cash flows during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 of $3.8 billion and $248 million is primarily attributable to lower expected interest cash flows due to increased expected credit losses and faster prepayment assumptions.
Accretable Yield Activity
| | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 |
Accretable yield, beginning of period | | $ | 14,326 | | | $ | 12,860 |
Merrill Lynch balance, January 1, 2009 | | | - | | | | 627 |
Accretions | | | (618 | ) | | | (2,296) |
Disposals/Transfers(1) | | | (321 | ) | | | (1,376) |
Decrease in expected cash flows(2) | | | (3,820 | ) | | | (248) |
Accretable yield, September 30, 2009 | | $ | 9,567 | | | $ | 9,567 |
(1) | Includes $225 million and $1.1 billion in accretable yield related to loans restructured in TDRs in which the modified cash flows were lower than expectations at acquisition for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. These TDRs have been removed from the purchased impaired loan pool. |
(2) | Represents reclassifications to/from nonaccretable difference, increases/decreases in interest cash flows due to prepayments and/or changes in interest rates. |
|
NOTE 7 – Allowance for Credit Losses |
The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. The Corporation recorded $1.3 billion and $3.0 billion in net reserve additions during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, specifically for the purchased impaired loan portfolio. The amount of the allowance for loan and lease losses associated with the purchased impaired loan portfolio was $3.8 billion at September 30, 2009.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period | | $ | 33,785 | | | $ | 17,130 | | | | | $ | 23,071 | | | $ | 11,588 | |
Loans and leases charged off | | | (10,059 | ) | | | (4,697 | ) | | | | | (26,541 | ) | | | (11,760 | ) |
Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off | | | 435 | | | | 341 | | | | | | 1,274 | | | | 1,070 | |
Net charge-offs | | | (9,624 | ) | | | (4,356 | ) | | | | | (25,267 | ) | | | (10,690 | ) |
Provision for loan and lease losses | | | 11,658 | | | | 6,530 | | | | | | 38,357 | | | | 18,381 | |
Other(1) | | | 13 | | | | 1,042 | | | | | | (329 | ) | | | 1,067 | |
Allowance for loan and lease losses, September 30 | | | 35,832 | | | | 20,346 | | | | | | 35,832 | | | | 20,346 | |
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period | | | 1,992 | | | | 507 | | | | | | 421 | | | | 518 | |
Provision for unfunded lending commitments | | | 47 | | | | (80 | ) | | | | | 103 | | | | (91 | ) |
Other(2) | | | (472 | ) | | | - | | | | | | 1,043 | | | | - | |
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, September 30 | | | 1,567 | | | | 427 | | | | | | 1,567 | | | | 427 | |
Allowance for credit losses, September 30 | | $ | 37,399 | | | $ | 20,773 | | | | | $ | 37,399 | | | $ | 20,773 | |
(1) | For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, amount includes a $750 million reduction in the allowance for loan and lease losses related to credit card loans of $8.5 billion which were exchanged for a $7.8 billion held-to-maturity debt security that was issued by the Corporation’s U.S. Credit Card Securitization Trust and retained by the Corporation. This reduction was partially offset by a $340 million increase associated with the reclassification to other assets of the December 31, 2008 amount expected to be reimbursed under residential mortgage cash collateralized synthetic securitizations. |
(2) | For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, this amount represents the fair value of the acquired Merrill Lynch unfunded lending commitments excluding those accounted for in accordance with fair value option, net of accretion and the impact of funding previously unfunded positions. |
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The Corporation routinely securitizes loans and debt securities. These securitizations are a source of funding for the Corporation in addition to transferring the economic risk of the loans or debt securities to third parties. In a securitization, various classes of debt securities may be issued and are generally collateralized by a single class of transferred assets which most often consist of residential mortgages, but may also include commercial mortgages, credit card receivables, home equity loans, automobile loans, municipal bonds or mortgage-backed securities. The securitized loans may be serviced by the Corporation or by third parties. With each securitization, the Corporation may retain a portion of the securities, subordinated tranches, interest-only strips, subordinated interests in accrued interest and fees on the securitized receivables, and, in some cases, overcollateralization and cash reserve accounts, all of which are called retained interests. These retained interests are recorded in other assets, AFS debt securities, trading account assets or derivative assets and are carried at fair value or amounts that approximate fair value with changes recorded in income or accumulated OCI. Changes in the fair value of credit card related interest-only strips are recorded in card income. In addition, the Corporation may enter into derivatives with the securitization trust to mitigate the trust’s interest rate or foreign exchange risk. These derivatives are entered into at market terms and are generally senior in payment. The Corporation also may serve as the underwriter and distributor of the securitization, serve as the administrator of the trust, and from time to time, make markets in securities issued by the securitization trusts. For more information related to derivatives, seeNote 4 – Derivatives.
On June 12, 2009, the FASB issued SFAS 166 and SFAS 167 which will result in the consolidation of certain QSPEs and VIEs that are not currently recorded on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. For more information on SFAS 166 and SFAS 167, seeNote 1 –Summary of Significant Accounting Principles.
First Lien Mortgage-related Securitizations
As part of its mortgage banking activities, the Corporation securitizes a portion of the residential mortgage loans it originates or purchases from third parties in conjunction with or shortly after loan closing or purchase. In addition, the Corporation may, from time to time, securitize commercial mortgages that it originates or purchases from other entities.
The following tables summarize selected information related to mortgage securitizations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 and at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Residential Mortgage | | | | | | |
| | | | | Non-Agency | | | | | | |
| | Agency | | | Prime | | Subprime | | Alt-A | | | Commercial Mortgage | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | 2008 | |
Cash proceeds from new securitizations(1) | | $ | 99,029 | | $ | 47,184 | | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | | $ | 313 | | $ | - | |
Gains on securitizations (2, 3) | | | 16 | | | 6 | | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | - | |
Cash flows received on residual interests | | | - | | | - | | | | 4 | | | 2 | | | 21 | | | 23 | | | 1 | | | 1 | | | | 6 | | | 1 | |
| |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30 | |
| | 2009 | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | 2008 | |
Cash proceeds from new securitizations(1) | | $ | 270,314 | | $ | 85,169 | | | $ | - | | $ | 1,038 | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | - | | | $ | 313 | | $ | 3,557 | |
Gains on securitizations (2, 3) | | | 37 | | | 27 | | | | - | | | 2 | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | 29 | |
Cash flows received on residual interests | | | - | | | - | | | | 18 | | | 2 | | | 52 | | | 23 | | | 4 | | | 1 | | | | 17 | | | 1 | |
(1) | The Corporation sells residential mortgage loans to government-sponsored agencies in the normal course of business and receives mortgage-backed securities in exchange. These mortgage-backed securities may then be subsequently sold into the market to third party investors for cash proceeds. |
(3) | Substantially all of the residential mortgages securitized are initially classified as LHFS and recorded at fair value in accordance with the fair value option. As such, gains are recognized on these LHFS prior to securitization. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation recognized $1.7 billion and $4.2 billion of gains on these LHFS compared to $211 million and $750 million during the same periods in 2008. |
35
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Residential Mortgage | | | | |
| | | | | | Non-Agency | | | | |
| | Agency | | Prime | | Subprime | | Alt-A | | Commercial Mortgage |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 |
Principal balance outstanding(1) | | $ | 1,245,674 | | $ | 1,123,916 | | $ | 83,718 | | $ | 111,683 | | $ | 89,277 | | $ | 57,933 | | $ | 152,129 | | $ | 136,027 | | $ | 62,777 | | $ | 55,403 |
Residual interests held | | | - | | | - | | | 13 | | | - | | | 2 | | | 13 | | | - | | | - | | | 65 | | | 7 |
Senior securities(2, 3): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trading account assets | | $ | 749 | | $ | 1,308 | | $ | 583 | | $ | 367 | | $ | 13 | | $ | - | | $ | 433 | | $ | 278 | | $ | 213 | | $ | 168 |
Available-for-sale debt securities | | | 15,392 | | | 12,507 | | | 4,230 | | | 4,559 | | | 181 | | | 121 | | | 521 | | | 569 | | | 1,196 | | | 16 |
|
Total senior securities | | $ | 16,141 | | $ | 13,815 | | $ | 4,813 | | $ | 4,926 | | $ | 194 | | $ | 121 | | $ | 954 | | $ | 847 | | $ | 1,409 | | $ | 184 |
|
Subordinated securities(2, 4): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trading account assets | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | 5 | | $ | 23 | | $ | - | | $ | 3 | | $ | 5 | | $ | 1 | | $ | 139 | | $ | 136 |
Available-for-sale debt securities | | | - | | | - | | | 20 | | | 20 | | | 27 | | | 1 | | | 6 | | | 17 | | | 26 | | | - |
|
Total subordinated securities | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | 25 | | $ | 43 | | $ | 27 | | $ | 4 | | $ | 11 | | $ | 18 | | $ | 165 | | $ | 136 |
|
| (1) | Generally, the Corporation as transferor will service the sold loans and thus recognize an MSR upon securitization. See additional information to follow related to the Corporation’s role as servicer andNote 18 – Mortgage Servicing Rights. |
| (2) | As a holder of these securities, the Corporation receives scheduled interest and principal payments. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, there were no significant other-than-temporary impairments recorded on those securities classified as AFS debt securities. |
| (3) | Substantially all of the residential mortgage senior securities were valued using quoted market prices at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. At September 30, 2009, substantially all of the commercial mortgage senior securities were valued using quoted market prices while substantially all were valued using model valuations at December 31, 2008. |
| (4) | At September 30, 2009, substantially all of the residential mortgage subordinated securities and all of the commercial mortgage subordinated securities were valued using quoted market prices while substantially all were valued using model valuations at December 31, 2008. |
The Corporation sells loans with various representations and warranties related to, among other things, the ownership of the loan, validity of the lien securing the loan, absence of delinquent taxes or liens against the property securing the loan, the process used in selecting the loans for inclusion in a transaction, the loan’s compliance with any applicable loan criteria established by the buyer, and the loan’s compliance with applicable local, state and federal laws. Under the Corporation’s representations and warranties, the Corporation may be required to either repurchase the mortgage loans with the identified defects or indemnify the investor or insurer. In such cases, the Corporation bears any subsequent credit loss on the mortgage loans. The Corporation’s representations and warranties are generally not subject to stated limits. However, the Corporation’s contractual liability arises only when the representations and warranties are breached. The Corporation attempts to limit its risk of incurring these losses by structuring its operations to ensure consistent production of quality mortgages and servicing those mortgages at levels that meet secondary mortgage market standards. In addition, certain of the Corporation’s securitizations include a corporate guarantee which is a contract written to protect purchasers of the loans from credit losses up to a specified amount. The estimated losses to be absorbed by the guarantees are recorded when the Corporation sells the loans with guarantees. The Corporation records its liability for representations and warranties, and corporate guarantees in accrued expenses and other liabilities and records the related expense through mortgage banking income. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation repurchased $340 million and $922 million of loans from securitization trusts as a result of the Corporation’s representations and warranties, and corporate guarantees. In addition, the Corporation repurchased $2.3 billion and $3.3 billion of loans from the securitization trusts as a result of modifications, loan delinquencies or optional clean-up calls during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009.
In addition to the amounts included in the table above, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation purchased $11.7 billion and $27.7 billion of mortgage-backed securities from third parties and resecuritized them compared to $4.0 billion and $11.2 billion for the same periods in 2008. Net gains, which include net interest income earned during the holding period, totaled $94 million and $156 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $26 million and $64 million for the same periods in 2008. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation retained $2.1 billion and $1.0 billion of the senior securities issued in these transactions which were valued using quoted market prices and recorded in trading account assets.
The Corporation has consumer MSRs from the sale or securitization of mortgage loans. Servicing fee and ancillary fee income on consumer mortgage loans serviced, including securitizations where the Corporation has continuing involvement, were $1.6 billion and $4.6 billion during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $1.5 billion and $2.0 billion for the same periods in 2008. Servicing advances on consumer mortgage loans, including securitizations where the Corporation has continuing involvement, were $15.6 billion and $8.8 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31,
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2008. In addition, the Corporation has retained commercial MSRs from the sale or securitization of commercial mortgageloans. Servicing fee and ancillary fee income on commercial mortgage loans serviced, including securitizations where the Corporation has continuing involvement, were $13 million and $37 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $7 million and $28 million for the same periods in 2008. Servicing advances on commercial mortgage loans, including securitizations where the Corporation has continuing involvement, were $91 million and $14 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. For more information on MSRs, seeNote 18 – Mortgage Servicing Rights.
Credit Card Securitizations
The Corporation securitizes originated and purchased credit card loans. The Corporation’s continuing involvement includes servicing the receivables, retaining an undivided interest (the “seller’s interest”) in the receivables, and holding certain retained interests (e.g., senior and subordinated securities, interest-only strips, discount receivables, subordinated interests in accrued interest and fees on the securitized receivables and cash reserve accounts) in credit card securitization vehicles. The securitization trusts’ legal documents require the Corporation to maintain a minimum seller’s interest of four to five percent, and at September 30, 2009, the Corporation is in compliance with this requirement. The seller’s interest in the trusts represents the Corporation’s undivided interests in the receivables transferred to the trust and is pari passu to the investors’ interest. The seller’s interest is not represented by security certificates, is carried at historical cost, and is classified within loans on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation had $10.3 billion and $14.8 billion related to its undivided interests in the trusts.
As specifically permitted by the terms of the transaction documents, and in an effort to address the recent decline in the excess spread due to the performance of the underlying credit card receivables in the U.S. Credit Card Securitization Trust, an additional subordinated security with a stated interest rate of zero percent was issued by the trust to the Corporation in the first quarter of 2009 (the Class D security). As the issuance was not treated as a sale, the Class D security was recorded at $7.8 billion, which represents the $8.5 billion book value of the loans exchanged less the associated $750 million allowance for loan and lease losses, and was classified as held-to-maturity. In addition, as permitted by the transaction documents, the Corporation specified that from March 1, 2009 through September 30, 2009 a percentage of new receivables transferred to the trust will be deemed “discount receivables” and collections thereon will be added to finance charges, which has increased the yield in the trust. The Corporation extended this agreement through March 31, 2010. The carrying amount of discount receivables was $3.5 billion and the carrying amount and fair value of the retained Class D security were $6.9 billion and $5.3 billion at September 30, 2009. These actions did not have a significant impact on the Corporation’s results of operations.
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The following tables summarize selected information related to credit card securitizations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 and at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Credit Card |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
Cash proceeds from new securitizations | | $ | - | | $ | 3,300 | | $ | - | | $ | 16,348 |
Gains on securitizations | | | - | | | 16 | | | - | | | 79 |
Collections reinvested in revolving period securitizations | | | 32,635 | | | 37,340 | | | 101,700 | | | 126,130 |
Cash flows received on residual interests | | | 1,233 | | | 1,374 | | | 3,738 | | | 4,647 |
|
| | | | | | |
| | Credit Card |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 |
Principal balance outstanding(1) | | $ | 106,658 | | $ | 114,141 |
Senior securities held(2) | | | 3,999 | | | 4,965 |
Subordinated securities held(3) | | | 8,452 | | | 1,837 |
Residual interests held(4) | | | 5,245 | | | 2,233 |
|
| (1) | Principal balance outstanding represents the principal balance of credit card receivables that have been legally isolated from the Corporation including those loans that are still held on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet (i.e., seller’s interest). |
| (2) | At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, held senior securities issued by credit card securitization vehicles were valued using quoted market prices, were all classified as AFS debt securities and there were no other-than-temporary impairments recorded on these securities. |
| (3) | At September 30, 2009, subordinated securities held included a $6.9 billion Class D held-to-maturity debt security that does not receive interest and was measured at amortized cost. In addition, $1.5 billion of other held subordinated securities were valued using quoted market prices and classified as AFS debt securities. At September 30, 2009, there were no other-than-temporary impairments recorded on these securities classified as held-to-maturity or AFS debt securities. At December 31, 2008, all of the held subordinated securities were valued using quoted market prices and classified as AFS debt securities. |
| (4) | Residual interests include subordinated interests in certain principal receivables called discount receivables, subordinated interests in accrued interest and fees on the securitized receivables, cash reserve accounts and interest-only strips which are carried at fair value or amounts that approximate fair value. The residual interests were valued using model valuations. |
Economic assumptions are used in measuring the fair value of certain residual interests that continue to be held by the Corporation. The expected loss rate assumption used to measure the discount receivables at September 30, 2009 was 13 percent. A 10 percent and 20 percent adverse change to the expected loss rate would have caused a decrease of $269 million and $1.7 billion to the discount receivables at September 30, 2009. The discount rate assumption used to measure the Class D security at September 30, 2009 was 19 percent. A 100 bps and 200 bps increase in the discount rate would have caused a decrease of $87 million and $172 million to the fair value of the Class D security. Conversely, a 100 bps and 200 bps decrease in the discount rate would have caused an increase of $90 million and $183 million to the fair value of the Class D security. These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution. As the amounts indicate, changes in fair value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear.
At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, there were no recognized servicing assets or liabilities associated with any of these credit card securitization transactions. The Corporation recorded $500 million and $1.5 billion in servicing fees related to credit card securitizations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $544 million and $1.6 billion for the same periods in 2008.
During 2008, the Corporation became one of the liquidity support providers for the Corporation’s commercial paper program that obtains financing by issuing tranches of commercial paper backed by credit card receivables to third party investors from a trust sponsored by the Corporation. Subsequent to September 30, 2009, the Corporation became the sole liquidity support provider for the program and increased its liquidity commitment from $1.7 billion to $2.3 billion. Due to illiquidity in the marketplace, the Corporation held $4.0 billion and $5.0 billion of the outstanding commercial paper as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, which is classified in AFS debt securities on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The maximum amount of commercial paper that can be issued under this program given the current level of liquidity support is $8.8 billion, all of which was outstanding at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. If certain conditions set forth in the legal documents governing the trust are not met, such as not being able to reissue the commercial paper due to market illiquidity, the commercial paper maturity dates will be extended to 390 days from the original issuance date. This extension would cause the outstanding commercial paper to convert to an interest-bearing note and subsequent credit card receivable collections would be applied to the outstanding note balance. If these notes are still outstanding at the end of the extended maturity period, the liquidity commitment obligates the Corporation to purchase maturity notes from
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the trust in order to retire the interest-bearing notes held by investors. As a maturity note holder, the Corporation would be entitled to the remaining cash flows from the collateralizing credit card receivables. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, none of the commercial paper had been extended and there were no maturity notes outstanding.
The Corporation seeks to assist customers that are experiencing financial difficulty through renegotiating credit card loans, while ensuring compliance with FFIEC guidelines. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation had renegotiated domestic managed credit card loans of $10.9 billion and $7.5 billion of which $8.2 billion and $5.6 billion were current or less than 30 days past due under the modified terms. In addition, at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation had renegotiated foreign managed credit card loans of $1.4 billion and $987 million of which $733 million and $538 million were current or less than 30 days past due under the modified terms. These renegotiated loans are excluded from nonperforming loans.
Other Securitizations
The Corporation also maintains interests in other securitization vehicles to which the Corporation transferred assets including municipal bonds, automobile loans and home equity loans. These retained interests include senior and subordinated securities and residual interests. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation had cash proceeds from new securitizations of municipal bonds of $247 million and $422 million as well as cash flows received on residual interests of $78 million and $253 million. At September 30, 2009, the principal balance outstanding for municipal bonds securitization vehicles was $7.3 billion, senior securities held were $1.3 billion and residual interests held were $256 million. The residual interests were valued using model valuations and substantially all are classified in derivative assets. At September 30, 2009, all of the held senior securities issued by municipal bond securitization vehicles were valued using quoted market prices and classified as trading account assets. For additional information on municipal bond securitization vehicles, seeNote 9 – Variable Interest Entities.
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During the third quarter of 2009, the Corporation securitized $7.6 billion of automobile loans that did not qualify for sale treatment under GAAP and therefore are recorded on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet and excluded from the other securitizations table below. The Corporation had no new off-balance sheet automobile securitizations or repurchases of loans from the trusts as well as no significant cash flows received on residual interests during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. However, during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Corporation had repurchases of automobile loans of $181 million which were due to the exercise of an optional clean-up call.
There were no new securitizations of home equity loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. The following tables summarize selected information related to home equity loans securitizations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 as well as home equity and automobile loan securitizations at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Home Equity |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
Collections reinvested in revolving period securitizations | | $ | 34 | | $ | 122 | | $ | 157 | | $ | 134 |
Repurchase of loans from trust(1) | | | 36 | | | 18 | | | 113 | | | 110 |
Cash flows received on residual interests | | | 4 | | | 12 | | | 27 | | | 20 |
|
| (1) | The repurchases of loans from the trust for home equity loans are typically a result of the Corporation’s representations and warranties, modifications or the exercise of an optional clean-up call. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Home Equity | | Automobile |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 |
Principal balance outstanding | | $ | 33,109 | | $ | 34,169 | | $ | 3,471 | | $ | 5,385 |
Senior securities held(1, 2) | | | 11 | | | - | | | 2,604 | | | 4,102 |
Subordinated securities held(3) | | | 53 | | | 3 | | | 222 | | | 383 |
Residual interests held(4) | | | 93 | | | 93 | | | 130 | | | 84 |
|
| (1) | As a holder of these securities, the Corporation receives scheduled interest and principal payments. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, there were no significant other-than-temporary impairments recorded on those securities classified as AFS debt securities. |
| (2) | At September 30, 2009, all of the held senior securities issued by the home equity securitization vehicles were valued using model valuations and classified as AFS debt securities. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, substantially all of the held senior securities issued by the automobile securitization vehicles were valued using quoted market prices and classified as trading account asset securities. |
| (3) | At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, substantially all of the held subordinated securities issued by the home equity securitization vehicles were valued using model valuations and classified as AFS debt securities. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, substantially all of the subordinated securities issued by the automobile securitization vehicles were valued using quoted market prices and classified as AFS debt securities. |
| (4) | Residual interests include the residual asset, overcollateralization and cash reserve accounts, which are carried at fair value or amounts that approximate fair value. The residual interests were valued using model valuations and substantially all are classified in other assets. |
Under the terms of the Corporation’s home equity securitizations, advances are made to borrowers when they draw on their line of credit and the Corporation is reimbursed for those advances from the cash flows in the securitization. During the revolving period of the securitization, this reimbursement normally occurs within a short period after the advance. However, when the securitization transaction has begun its rapid amortization period, reimbursement of the Corporation’s advance occurs only after other parties in the securitization have received all of the cash flows to which they are entitled. This has the effect of extending the time period for which the Corporation’s advances are outstanding. In particular, if loan losses requiring draws on monoline insurers’ policies (which protect the bondholders in the securitization) exceed a specified threshold or duration, the Corporation may not receive reimbursement for all of the funds advanced to borrowers, as the senior bondholders and the monoline insurers have priority for repayment. As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the reserve for losses on expected future draw obligations on the home equity securitizations in or expected to be in rapid amortization was $207 million and $345 million.
The Corporation has retained consumer MSRs from the sale or securitization of home equity loans. The Corporation recorded $31 million and $100 million of servicing fees related to home equity securitizations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and $41 million for both of the same periods in 2008. For more information on MSRs, seeNote 18 – Mortgage Servicing Rights. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, there were no recognized servicing assets or liabilities associated with any of the automobile securitization transactions. The Corporation recorded $10 million and $36 million in servicing fees related to automobile securitizations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $3 million and $11 million for the same periods in 2008.
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Economic assumptions are used in measuring the fair value of certain residual interests that continue to be held by the Corporation in municipal bond securitizations. The carrying amount of residual interests for municipal bond securitizations was $256 million and the weighted-average discount rate was 3.70 percent at September 30, 2009. A 100 bps and 200 bps favorable change to the discount rate would have caused an increase of $87 million and $190 million to the residual interests at September 30, 2009. A 100 bps and 200 bps adverse change to the discount rate would have caused a decrease of $26 million and $38 million to the residual interests at September 30, 2009. These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution. As the amounts indicate, changes in fair value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Additionally, the Corporation has the ability to hedge interest rate risk associated with retained residual positions. The above sensitivities do not reflect any hedge strategies that may be undertaken to mitigate such risk.
|
NOTE 9 – Variable Interest Entities |
In addition to the securitization vehicles described inNote 8 – SecuritizationsandNote 18 – Mortgage Servicing Rights, which are typically structured as QSPEs, the Corporation utilizes SPEs in the ordinary course of business to support its own and its customers’ financing and investing needs. These SPEs are typically structured as VIEs and are thus subject to consolidation by the reporting enterprise that absorbs the majority of the economic risks and rewards of the VIE. To determine whether it must consolidate a VIE, the Corporation qualitatively analyzes the design of the VIE to identify the creators of variability within the VIE, including an assessment as to the nature of the risks that are created by the assets and other contractual arrangements of the VIE, and identifies whether it will absorb a majority of that variability.
On June 12, 2009, the FASB issued SFAS 166 and SFAS 167 which will result in the consolidation of certain QSPEs and VIEs that are not currently recorded on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. For more information on SFAS 166 and SFAS 167, seeNote 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles.
In addition to the VIEs discussed below, the Corporation uses VIEs such as trust preferred securities trusts in connection with its funding activities, as described in more detail inNote 12 – Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009. The Corporation also uses VIEs in the form of synthetic securitization vehicles to mitigate a portion of the credit risk on its residential mortgage loan portfolio as described inNote 6 –Outstanding Loans and Leases.The Corporation has also provided support to or has loss exposure resulting from its involvement with other VIEs, including certain cash funds managed withinGWIM, as described in more detail inNote 12 – Commitments and Contingencies.
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The table below presents the assets and liabilities of VIEs which have been consolidated on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2009, total assets of consolidated VIEs at December 31, 2008, and the Corporation’s maximum exposure to loss resulting from its involvement with consolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. The Corporation’s maximum exposure to loss is based on the unlikely event that all of the assets in the VIEs become worthless and incorporates not only potential losses associated with assets recorded on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet but also potential losses associated with off-balance sheet commitments such as unfunded liquidity commitments and other contractual arrangements.
Consolidated VIEs
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Multi-Seller Conduits | | Loan & Other Investment Vehicles | | CDOs | | Leveraged Lease Trusts | | Other Vehicles | | Total |
Consolidated VIEs, September 30, 2009(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Maximum loss exposure(2) | | $ | 8,724 | | $ | 8,288 | | $ | 4,699 | | $ | 5,815 | | $ | 1,976 | | $ | 29,502 |
|
| | | | | | |
Consolidated Assets(3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trading account assets | | $ | - | | $ | 288 | | $ | 2,710 | | $ | - | | $ | 1,006 | | $ | 4,004 |
Derivative assets | | | - | | | 547 | | | - | | | - | | | 896 | | | 1,443 |
Available-for-sale debt securities | | | 3,899 | | | 1,798 | | | 1,991 | | | - | | | - | | | 7,688 |
Held-to-maturity debt securities | | | 2,276 | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 2,276 |
Loans and leases | | | 345 | | | 11,691 | | | 300 | | | 5,871 | | | - | | | 18,207 |
All other assets | | | 15 | | | 2,013 | | | - | | | - | | | 199 | | | 2,227 |
|
Total | | $ | 6,535 | | $ | 16,337 | | $ | 5,001 | | $ | 5,871 | | $ | 2,101 | | $ | 35,845 |
|
| | | | | | |
Consolidated Liabilities(3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings | | $ | 6,609 | | $ | 700 | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | 1,166 | | $ | 8,475 |
All other liabilities | | | - | | | 10,243 | | | 2,967 | | | 56 | | | 165 | | | 13,431 |
|
Total | | $ | 6,609 | | $ | 10,943 | | $ | 2,967 | | $ | 56 | | $ | 1,331 | | $ | 21,906 |
|
| | | | | | |
Consolidated VIEs, December 31, 2008(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Maximum loss exposure(2) | | $ | 11,304 | | $ | 3,189 | | $ | 2,443 | | $ | 5,774 | | $ | 1,497 | | $ | 24,207 |
Total assets(3) | | | 9,368 | | | 4,449 | | | 2,443 | | | 5,829 | | | 1,631 | | | 23,720 |
|
| (1) | Cash flows generated by the assets of the consolidated VIEs must generally be used to settle the specific obligations of the VIEs before they are available to the Corporation for general purposes. |
| (2) | Maximum loss exposure for consolidated VIEs includes on-balance sheet assets, net of non-recourse liabilities, plus off-balance sheet exposures. It does not include losses previously recognized through write-downs of assets. |
| (3) | Total assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs are reported net of intercompany balances that have been eliminated in consolidation. |
At September 30, 2009, the Corporation’s total maximum loss exposure to consolidated VIEs was $29.5 billion, which includes $6.8 billion attributable to the addition of Merrill Lynch, primarily loan and other investment vehicles and CDOs.
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The table below presents total assets of unconsolidated VIEs in which the Corporation holds a significant variable interest and Corporation-sponsored unconsolidated VIEs in which the Corporation holds a variable interest, even if not significant, at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. The table also presents the Corporation’s maximum exposure to loss resulting from its involvement with these VIEs at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. The Corporation’s maximum exposure to loss is based on the unlikely event that all of the assets in the VIEs become worthless and incorporates not only potential losses associated with assets recorded on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet but also potential losses associated with off-balance sheet commitments such as unfunded liquidity commitments and other contractual arrangements. Certain QSPEs, principally municipal bond trusts, in which the Corporation has continuing involvement are discussed inNote 8 – Securitizations and are also included in the table. Assets and liabilities of unconsolidated VIEs recorded on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2009 are also summarized below.
Unconsolidated VIEs
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Multi- Seller Conduits | | Loan & Other Investment Vehicles | | Real Estate Investment Vehicles | | Municipal Bond Trusts | | CDOs | | Customer Vehicles | | Other Vehicles | | Total |
Unconsolidated VIEs, September 30, 2009(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Maximum loss exposure(2) | | $ | 27,380 | | $ | 5,776 | | $ | 4,760 | | $ | 11,693 | | $ | 7,778 | | $ | 13,420 | | $ | 1,317 | | $ | 72,124 |
Total assets of VIEs | | | 15,275 | | | 11,244 | | | 4,760 | | | 12,826 | | | 54,804 | | | 16,914 | | | 1,317 | | | 117,140 |
|
| | | | | | | | |
On-Balance Sheet Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Trading account assets | | $ | - | | $ | 185 | | $ | - | | $ | 1,611 | | $ | 929 | | $ | 3,282 | | $ | - | | $ | 6,007 |
Derivative assets | | | - | | | 145 | | | - | | | 214 | | | 2,321 | | | 5,172 | | | 53 | | | 7,905 |
Available-for-sale debt securities | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 566 | | | - | | | 11 | | | 577 |
Loans and leases | | | 296 | | | 1,304 | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 1,600 |
All other assets | | | 60 | | | 4,886 | | | 4,760 | | | - | | | 177 | | | - | | | - | | | 9,883 |
|
Total | | $ | 356 | | $ | 6,520 | | $ | 4,760 | | $ | 1,825 | | $ | 3,993 | | $ | 8,454 | | $ | 64 | | $ | 25,972 |
|
| | | | | | | | |
On-Balance Sheet Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative liabilities | | $ | - | | $ | 127 | | $ | - | | $ | 281 | | $ | 957 | | $ | 479 | | $ | 52 | | $ | 1,896 |
All other liabilities | | | - | | | 565 | | | 1,383 | | | - | | | - | | | 863 | | | - | | | 2,811 |
|
Total | | $ | - | | $ | 692 | | $ | 1,383 | | $ | 281 | | $ | 957 | | $ | 1,342 | | $ | 52 | | $ | 4,707 |
|
| | | | | | | | |
Unconsolidated VIEs, December 31, 2008 (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Maximum loss exposure(2) | | $ | 42,046 | | $ | 2,789 | | $ | 5,696 | | $ | 7,145 | | $ | 2,383 | | $ | 5,741 | | $ | 4,170 | | $ | 69,970 |
Total assets of VIEs | | | 27,922 | | | 5,691 | | | 5,980 | | | 7,997 | | | 2,570 | | | 6,032 | | | 4,211 | | | 60,403 |
|
(1) | Includes unconsolidated VIEs and certain municipal bond trusts which are QSPEs and are also included inNote 8 – Securitizations. |
(2) | Maximum loss exposure for unconsolidated VIEs includes on-balance sheet assets plus off-balance sheet exposures. It does not include losses previously recognized through write-downs of assets or the establishment of derivative or other liabilities. |
At September 30, 2009, the Corporation’s total maximum loss exposure to unconsolidated VIEs was $72.1 billion, which includes $22.9 billion attributable to the addition of Merrill Lynch, primarily customer vehicles, municipal bond trusts and CDOs.
Except as described below, the Corporation has not provided financial or other support to consolidated or unconsolidated VIEs that it was not previously contractually required to provide, nor does it intend to do so.
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Multi-Seller Conduits
The Corporation administers four multi-seller conduits which provide a low-cost funding alternative to its customers by facilitating their access to the commercial paper market. These customers sell or otherwise transfer assets to the conduits, which in turn issue short-term commercial paper that is rated high-grade and is collateralized by the underlying assets. The Corporation receives fees for providing combinations of liquidity and standby letters of credit (SBLCs) or similar loss protection commitments to the conduits. The Corporation also receives fees for serving as commercial paper placement agent and for providing administrative services to the conduits. The Corporation’s liquidity commitments are collateralized by various classes of assets which incorporate features such as overcollateralization and cash reserves that are designed to provide credit support to the conduits at a level equivalent to investment grade as determined in accordance with internal risk rating guidelines. Third parties participate in a small number of the liquidity facilities on a pari passu basis with the Corporation.
The Corporation determines whether it must consolidate a multi-seller conduit based on an analysis of projected cash flows using Monte Carlo simulations which are driven principally by credit risk inherent in the assets of the conduits. Interest rate risk is not included in the cash flow analysis because the conduits are not designed to absorb and pass along interest rate risk to investors. Instead, the assets of the conduits pay variable rates of interest based on the conduits’ funding costs. The assets of the conduits typically carry a risk rating of AAA to BBB based on the Corporation’s current internal risk rating equivalent, which reflects structural enhancements of the assets, including third party insurance. Projected loss calculations are based on maximum binding commitment amounts, probability of default based on the average one year Moody’s Corporate Finance transition table, and recovery rates of 90 percent, 65 percent and 45 percent for senior, mezzanine and subordinate exposures. Approximately 97 percent of commitments in the unconsolidated conduits and 69 percent of commitments in the consolidated conduit are supported by senior exposures. Certain assets funded by one of the unconsolidated conduits benefit from embedded credit enhancement provided by the Corporation. Credit risk created by these assets is deemed to be credit risk of the Corporation which is absorbed by third party investors.
The Corporation does not consolidate three conduits as it does not expect to absorb a majority of the variability created by the credit risk of the assets held in the conduits. On a combined basis, these three conduits have issued approximately $147 million of capital notes and equity interests to third parties, $142 million of which was outstanding at September 30, 2009. These instruments will absorb credit risk on a first loss basis. The Corporation consolidates the fourth conduit which has not issued capital notes or equity interests to third parties.
At September 30, 2009, the assets of the consolidated conduit, which consist primarily of debt securities, and the conduit’s unfunded liquidity commitments, were mainly collateralized by $1.8 billion in credit card loans (20 percent), $1.1 billion in student loans (13 percent), $1.0 billion in auto loans (12 percent), $657 million in equipment loans (eight percent), and $578 million in trade receivables (seven percent). In addition, $3.0 billion of the Corporation’s liquidity commitments were collateralized by projected cash flows from long-term contracts (e.g., television broadcast contracts, stadium revenues and royalty payments) which, as mentioned above, incorporate features that provide credit support. Amounts advanced under these arrangements will be repaid when cash flows due under the long-term contracts are received. Approximately 74 percent of this exposure is insured. At September 30, 2009, the weighted-average life of assets in the consolidated conduit was estimated to be 3.5 years and the weighted-average maturity of commercial paper issued by this conduit was 27 days. Assets of the Corporation are not available to pay creditors of the consolidated conduit except to the extent the Corporation may be obligated to perform under the liquidity commitments and SBLCs. Assets of the consolidated conduit are not available to pay creditors of the Corporation.
The Corporation’s liquidity commitments to the unconsolidated conduits, all of which were unfunded at September 30, 2009, pertained to facilities that were mainly collateralized by $4.7 billion in trade receivables (19 percent), $4.2 billion in auto loans (17 percent), $3.5 billion in credit card loans (14 percent), $2.6 billion in student loans (10 percent), and $2.2 billion in equipment loans (nine percent). In addition, $6.1 billion (24 percent) of the Corporation’s commitments were collateralized by the conduits’ short-term lending arrangements with investment funds, primarily real estate funds, which, as mentioned above, incorporate features that provide credit support. Amounts advanced under these arrangements are secured by a diverse group of high quality equity investors. Outstanding advances under these facilities will be repaid when the investment funds issue capital calls. At September 30, 2009, the weighted-average life of assets in the unconsolidated conduits was estimated to be 2.4 years and the weighted-average maturity of commercial paper issued by these conduits was 36 days.
The Corporation’s liquidity, SBLCs and similar loss protection commitments obligate it to purchase assets from the conduits at the conduits’ cost. Subsequent realized losses on assets purchased from the unconsolidated conduits would be reimbursed from restricted cash accounts that were funded by the issuance of capital notes and equity interests to third party
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investors. The Corporation would absorb losses in excess of such amounts. If a conduit is unable to re-issue commercial paper due to illiquidity in the commercial paper markets or deterioration in the asset portfolio, the Corporation is obligated to provide funding subject to the following limitations. The Corporation’s obligation to purchase assets under the SBLCs and similar loss protection commitments are subject to a maximum commitment amount which is typically set at eight to 10 percent of total outstanding commercial paper. The Corporation’s obligation to purchase assets under the liquidity agreements, which comprise the remainder of its exposure, is generally limited to the amount of non-defaulted assets. Although the SBLCs are unconditional, the Corporation is not obligated to fund under other liquidity or loss protection commitments if the conduit is the subject of a voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy proceeding.
One of the unconsolidated conduits holds CDO investments with aggregate outstanding funded amounts of $309 million and $388 million and unfunded commitments of $236 million and $162 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. At September 30, 2009, $179 million of the conduit’s total exposure pertained to an insured CDO which holds middle market loans. The underlying collateral of the remaining CDO investments includes $35 million of subprime mortgages and other investment grade securities. All of the unfunded commitments are revolving commitments to the insured CDO. During 2008 and the first nine months of 2009, these investments were downgraded or threatened with a downgrade by the rating agencies. In accordance with the terms of the Corporation’s existing liquidity obligations, the conduit had transferred the funded investments to the Corporation in a transaction that was accounted for as a financing transaction due to the conduit’s continuing exposure to credit losses of the investments. As a result of the transfer, the CDO investments no longer serve as collateral for commercial paper issuances.
The transfers were performed in accordance with existing contractual requirements. The Corporation did not provide support to the conduit that was not contractually required nor does it intend to provide support that is not contractually required in the future. The Corporation performs reconsideration analyses for the conduit at least quarterly, and the CDO investments are included in these analyses. The Corporation will be reimbursed for any realized credit losses on these CDO investments up to the amount of capital notes issued by the conduit which totaled $116 million at September 30, 2009 and $66 million at December 31, 2008. Any realized losses on the CDO investments that are caused by market illiquidity or changes in market rates of interest will be borne by the Corporation. The Corporation will also bear any credit-related losses in excess of the amount of capital notes issued by the conduit. The Corporation’s maximum exposure to loss from the CDO investments was $429 million at September 30, 2009 and $484 million at December 31, 2008, based on the combined funded amounts and unfunded commitments less the amount of cash proceeds from the issuance of capital notes which are held in a segregated account.
There were no other significant downgrades or losses recorded in earnings from writedowns of assets held by any of the conduits during the nine months ended September 30, 2009.
The liquidity commitments and SBLCs provided to unconsolidated conduits are included inNote 12 – Commitments and Contingencies.
Loan and Other Investment Vehicles
Loan and other investment vehicles at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 include loan securitization trusts that did not meet QSPE status, loan financing arrangements, and vehicles that invest in financial assets, typically debt securities or loans. The Corporation determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of and must consolidate these investment vehicles based principally on a determination as to which party is expected to absorb a majority of the credit risk or market risk created by the assets of the vehicle. Typically, the party holding subordinated or residual interests in a vehicle will absorb a majority of the risk.
Certain loan securitization trusts were designed to meet QSPE requirements but fail to do so, typically as a result of derivatives entered into by the trusts that pertain to interests ultimately retained by the Corporation due to its inability to sell such interests as a result of illiquidity in the market. The assets have been pledged to the investors in the trusts. The Corporation consolidates these loan securitization trusts if it retains the residual interest in the trust and expects to absorb a majority of the variability in cash flows created by the loans held in the trust. Investors in consolidated loan securitization trusts have no recourse to the general credit of the Corporation as their investments are repaid solely from the assets of the vehicle.
The Corporation uses financing arrangements with SPEs administered by third parties to obtain low-cost funding for certain financial assets, principally commercial loans and debt securities. The third party SPEs, typically commercial paper conduits, hold the specified assets subject to total return swaps with the Corporation. If the assets are transferred to the third party from the Corporation, the transfer is accounted for as a secured borrowing. If the third party commercial paper
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conduit issues a discrete series of commercial paper whose only source of repayment is the specified asset and the total return swap with the Corporation, thus creating a silo structure within the conduit, the Corporation consolidates that silo.
The Corporation has made investments in alternative investment funds that are considered to be VIEs because they do not have sufficient legal form equity at risk to finance their activities or the holders of the equity at risk do not have control over the activities of the vehicles. The Corporation consolidates these funds if it holds a majority of the investment in the fund. The Corporation also sponsors funds that provide a guaranteed return to investors at the maturity of the fund. This guarantee may include a guarantee of the return of an initial investment or of the initial investment plus an agreed upon return depending on the terms of the fund. Investors in certain of these funds have recourse to the Corporation to the extent that the value of the assets held by the funds at maturity is less than the guaranteed amount. The Corporation consolidates these funds if the Corporation’s guarantee is expected to absorb a majority of the variability created by the assets of the fund.
Real Estate Investment Vehicles
The Corporation’s investment in real estate investment vehicles at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 consisted principally of limited partnership investments in unconsolidated limited partnerships that finance the construction and rehabilitation of affordable rental housing. The Corporation earns a return primarily through the receipt of tax credits allocated to the affordable housing projects.
The Corporation determines whether it must consolidate these limited partnerships based on a determination as to which party is expected to absorb a majority of the risk created by the real estate held in the vehicle, which may include construction, market and operating risk. Typically, the general partner in a limited partnership will absorb a majority of this risk due to the legal nature of the limited partnership structure, which the Corporation does not consolidate. The Corporation’s risk of loss is mitigated by policies requiring that the project qualify for the expected tax credits prior to making its investment. The Corporation may from time to time be asked to invest additional amounts to support a troubled project. Such additional investments have not been and are not expected to be significant.
Municipal Bond Trusts
The Corporation administers municipal bond trusts that hold highly-rated, long-term, fixed-rate municipal bonds, some of which are callable prior to maturity. The vast majority of the bonds are rated AAA or AA and some of the bonds benefit from insurance provided by monolines. The trusts obtain financing by issuing floating-rate trust certificates that reprice on a weekly or other basis to third party investors. The Corporation may serve as remarketing agent and/or liquidity provider for the trusts. The floating-rate investors have the right to tender the certificates at specified dates, often with as little as seven days’ notice. Should the Corporation be unable to remarket the tendered certificates, it is generally obligated to purchase them at par under standby liquidity facilities. The Corporation is not obligated to purchase the certificates under the standby liquidity facilities if a bond’s credit rating declines below investment grade or in the event of certain defaults or bankruptcy of the issuer and insurer. The weighted-average remaining life of bonds held in the trusts at September 30, 2009 was 13.0 years. There were no material writedowns or downgrades of assets or issuers during the nine months ended September 30, 2009.
In addition to standby liquidity facilities, the Corporation also provides default protection or credit enhancement to investors in securities issued by certain municipal bond trusts. Interest and principal payments on floating-rate certificates issued by these trusts are secured by an unconditional guarantee issued by the Corporation. In the event that the issuer of the underlying municipal bond defaults on any payment of principal and/or interest when due, the Corporation will make any required payments to the holders of the floating-rate certificates. Additional information regarding these guarantees is included in Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies.
Some of these trusts are QSPEs and, as such, are not subject to consolidation by the Corporation. The Corporation consolidates those trusts that are not QSPEs if it holds the residual interests or otherwise expects to absorb a majority of the variability created by changes in market value of assets in the trusts and changes in market rates of interest. The Corporation does not consolidate a trust if the customer holds the residual interest and the Corporation is protected from loss in connection with its liquidity obligations. For example, the Corporation may have the ability to trigger the liquidation of a trust that is not a QSPE if the market value of the bonds held in the trust declines below a specified threshold which is designed to limit market losses to an amount that is less than the customer’s residual interest, effectively preventing the Corporation from absorbing the losses incurred on the assets held within the trust.
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The Corporation’s liquidity commitments to unconsolidated trusts totaled $9.9 billion and $6.8 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. The increase is due principally to the addition of unconsolidated trusts acquired through the Merrill Lynch acquisition. Liquidity commitments to these trusts are included in Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies.
Collateralized Debt Obligation Vehicles
CDO vehicles hold diversified pools of fixed income securities, typically corporate debt or asset-backed securities, which they fund by issuing multiple tranches of debt and equity securities. Synthetic CDOs enter into a portfolio of credit default swaps to synthetically create exposure to fixed income securities. Collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) are a subset of CDOs which hold pools of loans, typically corporate loans or commercial mortgages. CDOs are typically managed by third party portfolio managers. The Corporation transfers assets to these CDOs, holds securities issued by the CDOs, and may be a derivative counterparty to the CDOs, including credit default swap counterparty for synthetic CDOs. The Corporation receives fees for structuring CDOs and providing liquidity support for super senior tranches of securities issued by certain CDOs. The Corporation has also entered into total return swaps with certain CDOs whereby the Corporation will absorb the economic returns generated by specified assets held by the CDO. No third parties provide a significant amount of similar commitments to these CDOs.
The Corporation evaluates whether it must consolidate a CDO based principally on a determination as to which party is expected to absorb a majority of the credit risk created by the assets of the CDO. The Corporation does not typically retain a significant portion of debt securities issued by a CDO. When the Corporation structured certain CDOs, it acquired the super senior tranches issued by the CDOs or provided commitments to support the issuance of super senior commercial paper to third parties. When the CDOs were first created, the Corporation did not expect its investments or its liquidity commitments to absorb a significant amount of the variability driven by the credit risk within the CDOs and did not consolidate the CDOs. When the Corporation subsequently acquired commercial paper or term securities issued by certain CDOs during 2008 and the first nine months of 2009, principally as a result of its liquidity obligations, updated consolidation analyses were performed. Due to credit deterioration in the pools of securities held by the CDOs, the updated analyses indicated that the Corporation would now be expected to absorb a majority of the variability and, accordingly, these CDOs were consolidated. Consolidation did not have a significant impact on net income, as the Corporation’s investments and liquidity obligations were recorded at fair value prior to consolidation. The creditors of the consolidated CDOs have no recourse to the general credit of the Corporation.
The September 30, 2009 balances include a portfolio of CDO-related liquidity exposures obtained in connection with the Merrill Lynch acquisition, including $2.0 billion notional amount of liquidity support provided to certain synthetic CDOs in the form of unfunded lending commitments. These commitments pertain to super senior securities which are the most senior class of securities issued by the CDOs and benefit from the subordination of all other securities issued by the CDOs. The lending commitments obligate the Corporation to purchase the super senior CDO securities at par value if the CDOs need cash to make payments due under credit default swaps held by the CDOs. This portfolio also includes an additional $1.4 billion notional amount of liquidity exposure to non-SPE third parties which hold super senior cash positions on the Corporation’s behalf. The Corporation’s net exposure to loss on these positions, after writedowns and insurance, was $67 million at September 30, 2009.
Liquidity-related commitments also include $1.7 billion notional amount of derivative contracts with unconsolidated SPEs, principally CDO vehicles, which hold non-super senior CDO debt securities or other debt securities on the Corporation’s behalf. These derivatives are typically in the form of total return swaps which obligate the Corporation to purchase the securities at the SPE’s cost to acquire the securities, generally as a result of ratings downgrades. The underlying securities are senior securities and substantially all of the Corporation’s exposures are insured. Accordingly, the Corporation’s exposure to loss consists principally of counterparty risk to the insurers. The $5.1 billion of liquidity exposure is included in the table on page 43 titled Unconsolidated VIEs to the extent that the Corporation’s involvement with the CDO vehicle meets the requirements for disclosure under GAAP. For example, if the Corporation did not sponsor a CDO vehicle and does not hold a significant variable interest, the vehicle is not included in the table.
Including the liquidity commitments described above that meet the disclosure criteria for VIEs, the portfolio of CDO investments obtained in connection with the Merrill Lynch acquisition and included in the table on page 43 titled Unconsolidated VIEs pertain to CDO vehicles with total assets of $53.5 billion. The Corporation’s maximum exposure to loss with regard to these positions is $6.4 billion. This amount is significantly less than the total assets of the CDO vehicles because the Corporation typically has exposure to only a portion of the total assets. The Corporation has also purchased credit protection from some of the same CDO vehicles in which it invested, thus reducing net exposure to future loss.
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At December 31, 2008, liquidity commitments provided to CDOs included written put options with a notional amount of $542 million. All of these written put options were terminated in the first quarter of 2009.
Leveraged Lease Trusts
The Corporation’s net involvement with consolidated leveraged lease trusts totaled $5.8 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. The trusts hold long-lived equipment such as rail cars, power generation and distribution equipment, and commercial aircraft. The Corporation consolidates these trusts because it holds a residual interest which is expected to absorb a majority of the variability driven by credit risk of the lessee and, in some cases, by the residual risk of the leased property. The net investment represents the Corporation’s maximum loss exposure to the trusts in the unlikely event that the leveraged lease investments become worthless. Debt issued by the leveraged lease trusts is nonrecourse to the Corporation. The Corporation has no liquidity exposure to these leveraged lease trusts.
Customer Vehicles
Customer vehicles include credit-linked and equity-linked note vehicles, repackaging vehicles, and asset acquisition vehicles, which are typically created on behalf of customers who wish to obtain market or credit exposure to a specific company or financial instrument.
Credit-linked and equity-linked note vehicles issue notes which pay a return that is linked to the credit or equity risk of a specified company or debt instrument. The vehicles purchase high-grade assets as collateral and enter into credit default swaps or equity derivatives to synthetically create the credit or equity risk to pay the specified return on the notes. The Corporation is typically the counterparty for some or all of the credit and equity derivatives and, to a lesser extent, it may invest in securities issued by the vehicles. The Corporation may also enter into interest rate or foreign currency derivatives with the vehicles. The Corporation does not typically consolidate the vehicles because the derivatives create variability which is absorbed by the third party investors. The Corporation is exposed to loss if the collateral held by the vehicle declines in value and is insufficient to cover the vehicle’s obligation to the Corporation under the above derivatives. In addition, the Corporation has entered into total return swaps with certain vehicles through which the Corporation absorbs any gains or losses generated by the collateral held in the vehicles. The Corporation consolidates these vehicles if the variability in cash flows expected to be generated by the collateral is greater than the variability in cash flows expected to be generated by the credit or equity derivatives. At September 30, 2009, the notional amount of such derivative contracts with unconsolidated vehicles was $2.9 billion.
Repackaging vehicles are created to provide an investor with a specific risk profile. The vehicles typically hold a security and a derivative that modifies the interest rate or currency of that security, and issues one class of notes to a single investor. These vehicles are generally QSPEs and, as such, are not subject to consolidation by the Corporation.
Asset acquisition vehicles acquire financial instruments, typically loans, at the direction of a single customer and obtain funding through the issuance of structured notes to the Corporation. At the time the vehicle acquires an asset, the Corporation enters into a total return swap with the customer such that the economic returns of the asset are passed through to the customer. As a result, the Corporation does not consolidate the vehicles. The Corporation is exposed to counterparty credit risk if the asset declines in value and the customer defaults on its obligation to the Corporation under the total return swap. The Corporation’s risk may be mitigated by collateral or other arrangements.
Other Vehicles
Other consolidated vehicles include municipal bond trusts, asset acquisition conduits and other vehicles. Other unconsolidated vehicles include asset acquisition conduits and other corporate conduits.
The Corporation administers three asset acquisition conduits which acquire assets on behalf of the Corporation or its customers. Two of the conduits, which are unconsolidated, acquire assets at the request of customers who wish to benefit from the economic returns of the specified assets, which consist principally of liquid exchange-traded equity securities and some leveraged loans, on a leveraged basis. The consolidated conduit holds subordinated debt securities for the Corporation’s benefit. The conduits obtain funding by issuing commercial paper and subordinated certificates to third party investors. Repayment of the commercial paper and certificates is assured by total return swap contracts between the Corporation and the conduits and, for unconsolidated conduits the Corporation is reimbursed through total return swap contracts with its customers. The weighted-average maturity of commercial paper issued by the conduits at September 30, 2009 was 58 days. The Corporation receives fees for serving as commercial paper placement agent and for providing administrative services to the conduits.
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The Corporation determines whether it must consolidate an asset acquisition conduit based on the design of the conduit and whether the third party investors are exposed to the Corporation’s credit risk or the market risk of the assets. Interest rate risk is not included in the cash flow analysis because the conduits are not designed to absorb and pass along interest rate risk to investors, who receive current rates of interest that are appropriate for the tenor and relative risk of their investments. When a conduit acquires assets for the benefit of the Corporation’s customers, the Corporation enters into back-to-back total return swaps with the conduit and the customer such that the economic returns of the assets are passed through to the customer. The Corporation’s performance under the derivatives is collateralized by the underlying assets and, as such, the third party investors are exposed primarily to credit risk of the Corporation. The Corporation’s exposure to the counterparty credit risk of its customers is mitigated by the aforementioned collateral arrangements and the ability to liquidate an asset held in the conduit if the customer defaults on its obligation. When a conduit acquires assets on the Corporation’s behalf and the Corporation absorbs the market risk of the assets, it consolidates the conduit. Derivative activity related to unconsolidated conduits is carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in trading account profits (losses).
Other corporate conduits at December 31, 2008 included several commercial paper conduits which held primarily high-grade, long-term municipal, corporate, and mortgage-backed securities. During the second quarter of 2009, the Corporation was unable to remarket the conduits’ commercial paper and, in accordance with existing contractual arrangements, the conduits were liquidated. Due to illiquidity in the financial markets, the Corporation purchased a majority of these assets. At September 30, 2009, the Corporation holds $204 million of assets acquired from the liquidation of other corporate conduits and previous mandatory sales of assets out of the conduits. These assets are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet within trading account assets.
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NOTE 10 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets |
The following table presents goodwill at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, which includes $4.8 billion of goodwill related to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. As discussed in more detail inNote 19 – Business Segment Information, the Corporation changed its basis of presentation from three segments to six segments effective January 1, 2009 in connection with the Merrill Lynch acquisition. As a result, the reporting units to be utilized for goodwill impairment tests will be the business segments or one level below the business segments. For more information on the Merrill Lynch acquisition, seeNote 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity.
| | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 |
Deposits | | $ | 17,818 | | $ | 17,805 |
Global Card Services | | | 22,288 | | | 22,271 |
Home Loans & Insurance | | | 4,797 | | | 4,797 |
Global Banking | | | 27,684 | | | 28,409 |
Global Markets | | | 3,207 | | | 2,080 |
Global Wealth & Investment Management | | | 10,175 | | | 6,503 |
All Other | | | 40 | | | 69 |
|
Total goodwill | | $ | 86,009 | | $ | 81,934 |
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During the quarter ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation completed its annual goodwill impairment test on reporting unit balances as of June 30, 2009 and determined that no impairment existed. In performing the first step of the annual impairment analysis, the Corporation compared the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. To determine fair value, the Corporation utilized a combination of a market approach and an income approach. Based on the results of the first step test, the Corporation determined that the carrying amounts of theHome Loans & Insurance andGlobal Card Servicesreporting units, including goodwill, exceeded their respective fair values. Therefore, the Corporation performed the second step of the goodwill impairment test for these reporting units as of June 30, 2009. For all other reporting units, the second step was not required as their fair value exceeded their carrying value indicating there was no impairment.
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In the second step, the Corporation compared the implied fair value of each reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The Corporation determined the implied fair value of goodwill for a reporting unit by assigning the fair value of the reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit, including any unrecognized intangible assets, as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. The Corporation estimated the fair values of the assets and liabilities of a reporting unit, consistent with the requirements of the fair value measurements accounting standard, which defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Based on the results of the second step test as of June 30, 2009, the Corporation determined that no goodwill impairment existed for theHome Loans & Insurance andGlobal Card Services reporting units.
Based on the results of the annual impairment tests and due to continued stress in the consumer lending sector, the Corporation concluded, consistent with the first and second quarter of 2009, that an additional impairment analysis should be performed forHome Loans & Insurance andGlobal Card Services in the third quarter of 2009. In performing the first step of the additional impairment analysis, the Corporation compared the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. Consistent with the annual test, the Corporation utilized a combination of the market approach and the income approach forHome Loans & Insurance and the income approach forGlobal Card Services. BothHome Loans & Insurance andGlobal Card Services failed the first step analysis (i.e., their carrying value exceeded their fair value). Therefore, the second step analysis (i.e., comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill) was performed for bothHome Loans & Insurance andGlobal Card Services. As a result of the tests, which were consistent with the results of the annual impairment tests performed as of the second quarter of 2009, no goodwill impairment was recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2009. For more information on goodwill impairment testing, see the Goodwill and Intangible Assets section ofNote 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
The gross carrying values and accumulated amortization related to intangible assets at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 are presented below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 |
(Dollars in millions) | | Gross Carrying Value | | Accumulated Amortization | | Gross Carrying Value | | Accumulated Amortization |
Purchased credit card relationships | | $ | 7,147 | | $ | 3,276 | | $ | 7,080 | | $ | 2,740 |
Core deposit intangibles | | | 5,294 | | | 3,610 | | | 4,594 | | | 3,284 |
Customer relationships | | | 4,944 | | | 693 | | | 1,104 | | | 259 |
Affinity relationships | | | 1,648 | | | 710 | | | 1,638 | | | 587 |
Other intangibles | | | 3,118 | | | 1,147 | | | 2,009 | | | 1,020 |
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Total intangible assets | | $ | 22,151 | | $ | 9,436 | | $ | 16,425 | | $ | 7,890 |
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Amortization of intangibles expense was $510 million and $1.5 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $464 million and $1.4 billion for the same periods in 2008. The Corporation estimates aggregate amortization expense is expected to be approximately $490 million for the fourth quarter of 2009. In addition, the Corporation estimates aggregate amortization expense will be approximately $1.8 billion, $1.6 billion, $1.4 billion, $1.3 billion and $1.0 billion for 2010 through 2014, respectively.
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The following table presents long-term debt at September 30, 2009 including long-term debt associated with the acquisition of Merrill Lynch.
| | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 |
Long-term debt issued by Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. and subsidiaries | | | |
Senior debt issued by Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. | | $ | 87,586 |
Senior debt issued by subsidiaries – guaranteed by Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. | | | 7,391 |
Senior structured notes issued by Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. | | | 33,220 |
Senior structured notes issued by subsidiaries – guaranteed by Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. | | | 17,705 |
Subordinated debt issued by Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. | | | 11,903 |
Junior subordinated notes (related to trust preferred securities) | | | 3,546 |
Other subsidiary financing | | | 3,335 |
Total long-term debt issued by Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. and subsidiaries(1) | | | 164,686 |
Other long-term debt issued by Bank of America Corporation and subsidiaries | | | 291,602 |
Total long-term debt | | $ | 456,288 |
(1) | Includes $81.8 billion of fixed-rate obligations and $82.9 billion of variable-rate obligations. |
The weighted-average interest rate for debt (excluding structured notes) issued by Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. and subsidiaries was 3.69 percent as of September 30, 2009. Including the Merrill Lynch acquisition, the Corporation has aggregate annual maturities on its long-term debt obligations of $94.5 billion maturing within one year, $62.5 billion maturing in two years, $77.0 billion maturing in three years, $34.8 billion maturing in four years, $37.2 billion maturing in five years and $150.3 billion for all years thereafter. Certain structured notes acquired in connection with the acquisition of Merrill Lynch are accounted for under the fair value option. For more information on these structured notes, seeNote 16 - Fair Value Disclosures.
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NOTE 12 – Commitments and Contingencies |
In the normal course of business, the Corporation enters into a number of off-balance sheet commitments. These commitments expose the Corporation to varying degrees of credit and market risk and are subject to the same credit and market risk limitation reviews as those instruments recorded on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Credit Extension Commitments
The Corporation enters into commitments to extend credit such as loan commitments, SBLCs and commercial letters of credit to meet the financing needs of its customers. The unfunded legally binding lending commitments shown in the following table are net of amounts distributed (e.g., syndicated) to other financial institutions of $32.6 billion and $46.9 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. At September 30, 2009, the carrying amount of these commitments, excluding commitments measured at fair value under the fair value option, was $1.6 billion, including deferred revenue of $35 million and a reserve for unfunded legally binding lending commitments of $1.6 billion. At December 31, 2008, the comparable amounts were $454 million, $33 million and $421 million. The carrying amount of these commitments is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities.
The table below also includes the notional value of commitments of $28.6 billion and $16.9 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, which are measured at fair value under the fair value option. However, the table below excludes the fair value adjustment of $1.1 billion for both periods on these commitments that was recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities. For information regarding the Corporation’s loan commitments accounted for at fair value, seeNote 16 – Fair Value Disclosures.
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(Dollars in millions) | | Expires in 1 year or less | | Expires after 1 year through 3 years | | Expires after 3 years through 5 years | | Expires after 5 years | | Total |
Credit extension commitments, September 30, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan commitments | | $ | 130,320 | | $ | 178,576 | | $ | 40,858 | | $ | 17,771 | | $ | 367,525 |
Home equity lines of credit | | | 1,864 | | | 2,997 | | | 8,549 | | | 82,318 | | | 95,728 |
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees(1) | | | 29,708 | | | 27,223 | | | 5,701 | | | 14,971 | | | 77,603 |
Commercial letters of credit | | | 1,999 | | | 69 | | | 4 | | | 1,434 | | | 3,506 |
Legally binding commitments(2) | | | 163,891 | | | 208,865 | | | 55,112 | | | 116,494 | | | 544,362 |
Credit card lines(3) | | | 572,403 | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 572,403 |
Total credit extension commitments | | $ | 736,294 | | $ | 208,865 | | $ | 55,112 | | $ | 116,494 | | $ | 1,116,765 |
| | | | | |
Credit extension commitments, December 31, 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan commitments | | $ | 128,992 | | $ | 120,234 | | $ | 67,111 | | $ | 31,200 | | $ | 347,537 |
Home equity lines of credit | | | 3,883 | | | 2,322 | | | 4,799 | | | 96,415 | | | 107,419 |
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees(1) | | | 33,350 | | | 26,090 | | | 8,328 | | | 9,812 | | | 77,580 |
Commercial letters of credit | | | 2,228 | | | 29 | | | 1 | | | 1,507 | | | 3,765 |
Legally binding commitments(2) | | | 168,453 | | | 148,675 | | | 80,239 | | | 138,934 | | | 536,301 |
Credit card lines(3) | | | 827,350 | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 827,350 |
Total credit extension commitments | | $ | 995,803 | | $ | 148,675 | | $ | 80,239 | | $ | 138,934 | | $ | 1,363,651 |
(1) | At September 30, 2009, the notional values of SBLC and financial guarantees classified as investment grade and non-investment grade based on the credit quality of the underlying reference name were $45.1 billion and $32.5 billion compared to $54.4 billion and $23.2 billion at December 31, 2008. |
(2) | Includes commitments to unconsolidated VIEs and certain QSPEs disclosed inNote 9 – Variable Interest Entities, including $27.0 billion and $41.6 billion to multi-seller conduits, and $9.9 billion and $6.8 billion to municipal bond trusts at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Also includes commitments to SPEs that are not disclosed inNote 9 – Variable Interest Entitiesbecause the Corporation does not hold a significant variable interest, including $615 million and $980 million to customer-sponsored conduits at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
(3) | Includes business card unused lines of credit. |
Legally binding commitments to extend credit generally have specified rates and maturities. Certain of these commitments have adverse change clauses that help to protect the Corporation against deterioration in the borrowers’ ability to pay.
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Other Commitments
Global Principal Investments and Other Equity Investments
At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation had unfunded equity investment commitments of approximately $3.0 billion and $1.9 billion. These commitments generally relate to the Corporation’s Global Principal Investments business which is comprised of a diversified portfolio of investments in private equity, real estate and other alternative investments. These investments are made either directly in a company or held through a fund. Bridge equity commitments provide equity bridge financing to facilitate clients’ investment activities. These conditional commitments are generally retired prior to or shortly following funding via syndication or the client’s decision to terminate. Where the Corporation has a binding equity bridge commitment and there is a market disruption or other unexpected event, there is heightened exposure in the portfolio and higher potential for loss, unless an orderly disposition of the exposure can be made. At September 30, 2009, the Corporation did not have any unfunded bridge equity commitments. The Corporation had funded equity bridges of $1.2 billion that were committed prior to the market disruption. These equity bridges are considered held for investment and recorded in other assets at $214 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation recorded $193 million and $456 million in losses related to these investments through equity investment income.
Loan Purchases
In 2005, the Corporation entered into an agreement for the committed purchase of retail automotive loans over a five-year period, ending June 30, 2010. The Corporation purchased $4.6 billion of such loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and purchased $12.0 billion of such loans in 2008 under this agreement. As of September 30, 2009, the Corporation was committed for additional purchases of $8.5 billion over the remaining term of the agreement. All loans purchased under this agreement are subject to a comprehensive set of credit criteria. This agreement is accounted for as a derivative liability which had a balance of $225 million at September 30, 2009 and $316 million at December 31, 2008.
At September 30, 2009, the Corporation had commitments to purchase loans (e.g., residential mortgage and commercial real estate) of $2.5 billion which upon settlement will be included in loans or loans held-for-sale.
Operating Leases
The Corporation is a party to operating leases for certain of its premises and equipment. Commitments under these leases approximate $800 million, $3.0 billion, $2.6 billion, $2.2 billion and $1.8 billion for the remainder of 2009 through 2013, respectively, and $9.3 billion for all years thereafter.
Other Commitments
At September 30, 2009, the Corporation had commitments to enter into forward-dated resale and securities borrowing agreements of $69.6 billion. In addition, the Corporation had commitments to enter into forward-dated repurchase and securities lending agreements of $85.1 billion. All of these commitments expire within the next 12 months.
Beginning in the second half of 2007, the Corporation provided support to certain cash funds managed withinGWIM. The funds for which the Corporation provided support typically invested in high quality, short-term securities with a portfolio weighted-average maturity of 90 days or less, including securities issued by SIVs and senior debt holdings of financial service companies. Due to market disruptions, certain investments in SIVs and senior debt securities were downgraded by the rating agencies and experienced a decline in fair value. The Corporation entered into capital commitments, under which the Corporation provided cash to these funds in the event the net asset value per unit of a fund declined below certain thresholds. As of September 30, 2009, all outstanding commitments have been terminated. At December 31, 2008, the Corporation had gross (i.e., funded and unfunded) capital commitments to the funds of $1.0 billion. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation had losses of $132 million and $199 million related to these capital commitments compared to losses of $630 million and $886 million for the same periods in 2008.
The Corporation may from time to time, but is under no obligation to, provide additional support to certain funds. Future support, if any, may take the form of additional capital commitments to the funds or the purchase of assets from the funds.
The Corporation does not consolidate the cash funds managed withinGWIM because the subordinated support provided by the Corporation will not absorb a majority of the variability created by the assets of the funds. In reaching this
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conclusion, the Corporation considered both interest rate and credit risk. The cash funds had total assets under management of $113.7 billion and $185.9 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
In connection with federal and state securities regulators, the Corporation agreed to purchase at par auction rate securities (ARS) held by certain customers. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation purchased a net $3.3 billion of ARS from its customers. At September 30, 2009, the Corporation’s outstanding buyback commitment was $690 million.
In addition, the Corporation has entered into agreements with providers of market data, communications, systems consulting and other office-related services. At September 30, 2009, the minimum fee commitments over the remaining life of these agreements totaled $1.8 billion.
Other Guarantees
Bank-owned Life Insurance Book Value Protection
The Corporation sells products that offer book value protection to insurance carriers who offer group life insurance policies to corporations, primarily banks. The book value protection is provided on portfolios of intermediate investment-grade fixed income securities and is intended to cover any shortfall in the event that policyholders surrender their policies and market value is below book value. To manage its exposure, the Corporation imposes significant restrictions on surrenders and the manner in which the portfolio is liquidated and the funds are accessed. In addition, investment parameters of the underlying portfolio are restricted. These constraints, combined with structural protections, including a cap on the amount of risk assumed on each policy, are designed to provide adequate buffers and guard against payments even under extreme stress scenarios. These guarantees are booked as derivatives and marked to market in the trading portfolio. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the notional amount of these guarantees totaled $15.5 billion and $15.1 billion and the Corporation’s maximum exposure related to these guarantees totaled $4.9 billion and $4.8 billion with estimated maturity dates between 2030 and 2040. As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation has not made a payment under these products. The probability of surrender has increased due to investment manager underperformance and the deteriorating financial health of policyholders, but remains a small percentage of total notional.
Employee Retirement Protection
The Corporation sells products that offer book value protection primarily to plan sponsors of Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) governed pension plans, such as 401(k) plans and 457 plans. The book value protection is provided on portfolios of intermediate/short-term investment-grade fixed income securities and is intended to cover any shortfall in the event that plan participants continue to withdraw funds after all securities have been liquidated and there is remaining book value. The Corporation retains the option to exit the contract at any time. If the Corporation exercises its option, the purchaser can require the Corporation to purchase high quality fixed income securities, typically government or government-backed agency securities with the proceeds of the liquidated assets to assure the return of principal. To manage its exposure, the Corporation imposes significant restrictions and constraints on the timing of the withdrawals, the manner in which the portfolio is liquidated and the funds are accessed, and the investment parameters of the underlying portfolio. These constraints, combined with structural protections, are designed to provide adequate buffers and guard against payments even under extreme stress scenarios. These guarantees are booked as derivatives and marked to market in the trading portfolio. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the notional amount of these guarantees totaled $37.5 billion and $37.4 billion with estimated maturity dates between 2009 and 2014 if the exit option is exercised on all deals. As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation has not made a payment under these products and has assessed the probability of payments under these guarantees as remote.
Merchant Services
On June 26, 2009, the Corporation contributed its merchant processing business to a joint venture in exchange for a 46.5 percent ownership interest in the joint venture. The Corporation will indemnify the joint venture for any losses resulting from transactions processed through June 26, 2009 on the contributed merchant portfolio.
The Corporation, on behalf of the joint venture, provides credit and debit card processing services to various merchants by processing credit and debit card transactions on the merchants’ behalf. In connection with these services, a liability may arise in the event of a billing dispute between the merchant and a cardholder that is ultimately resolved in the cardholder’s favor and the merchant defaults upon its obligation to reimburse the cardholder. A cardholder, through its issuing bank, generally has until the later of up to six months after the date a transaction is processed or the delivery of the product or
54
service to present a chargeback to the joint venture as the merchant processor. If the joint venture is unable to collect this amount from the merchant, it bears the loss for the amount paid to the cardholder. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation processed $81.9 billion and $236.3 billion of transactions and recorded chargebacks of $7 million and $21 million. The joint venture is primarily liable for any losses on transactions from the contributed portfolio that occur after June 26, 2009. However, if the joint venture fails to meet its obligation to reimburse the cardholder for disputed transactions, then the Corporation could be held liable for the disputed amount. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Corporation processed $95.7 billion and $279.0 billion of transactions and recorded losses as a result of chargebacks of $5 million and $15 million.
At September 30, 2009, the Corporation, on behalf of the joint venture, held as collateral $28 million of merchant escrow deposits which may be used to offset against amounts due from the individual merchants. At December 31, 2008, the Corporation held as collateral $38 million of merchant escrow deposits. The joint venture also has the right to offset any payments with cash flows otherwise due to the merchant. Accordingly, the Corporation believes that the maximum potential exposure is not representative of the actual potential loss exposure. The Corporation believes the maximum potential exposure for chargebacks would not exceed the total amount of merchant transactions processed through Visa and MasterCard for the last six months, which represents the claim period for the cardholder, plus any outstanding delayed-delivery transactions. As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the maximum potential exposure totaled approximately $124.3 billion and $147.1 billion. The Corporation does not expect to make material payments in connection with these guarantees.
Brokerage Business
For a portion of the Corporation’s brokerage business, the Corporation has contracted with a third party to provide clearing services that include underwriting margin loans to the Corporation’s clients. This contract stipulates that the Corporation will indemnify the third party for any margin loan losses that occur in its issuing margin to the Corporation’s clients. The maximum potential future payment under this indemnification was $660 million and $577 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Historically, any payments made under this indemnification have not been material. As these margin loans are highly collateralized by the securities held by the brokerage clients, the Corporation has assessed the probability of making such payments in the future as remote. This indemnification would end with the termination of the clearing contract.
Other Derivative Contracts
The Corporation funds selected assets, including securities issued by CDOs and CLOs, through derivative contracts, typically total return swaps, with third parties and SPEs that are not consolidated on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. At September 30, 2009, the total notional amount of these derivative contracts was approximately $3.8 billion with commercial banks and $4.6 billion with SPEs. The underlying securities are senior securities and substantially all of the Corporation’s exposures are insured. Accordingly, the Corporation’s exposure to loss consists principally of counterparty risk to the insurers. In certain circumstances, generally as a result of ratings downgrades, the Corporation may be required to purchase the underlying assets, which would not result in additional gain or loss to the Corporation as such exposure is already reflected in the fair value of the derivative contracts.
Other Guarantees
The Corporation also sells products that guarantee the return of principal to investors at a preset future date. These guarantees cover a broad range of underlying asset classes and are designed to cover the shortfall between the market value of the underlying portfolio and the principal amount on the preset future date. To manage its exposure, the Corporation requires that these guarantees be backed by structural and investment constraints and certain pre-defined triggers that would require the underlying assets or portfolio to be liquidated and invested in zero-coupon bonds that mature at the preset future date. The Corporation is required to fund any shortfall at the preset future date between the proceeds of the liquidated assets and the purchase price of the zero-coupon bonds. These guarantees are recorded as derivatives and marked to market in the trading portfolio. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the notional amount of these guarantees totaled $2.6 billion and $1.3 billion. These guarantees have various maturities ranging from two to five years. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation had not made a payment under these products and has assessed the probability of payments under these guarantees as remote.
The Corporation has entered into additional guarantee agreements, including lease end obligation agreements, partial credit guarantees on certain leases, real estate joint venture guarantees, sold risk participation swaps and sold put options that require gross settlement. The maximum potential future payment under these agreements was approximately $7.2
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billion and $7.3 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. The estimated maturity dates of these obligations are between 2009 and 2033. The Corporation has made no material payments under these guarantees.
For additional information on recourse obligations related to residential mortgage loans sold and other guarantees related to securitizations, seeNote 8 – Securitizations.
Litigation and Regulatory Matters
The following supplements the disclosure inNote 13 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009 and inNote 12 – Commitments and Contingenciesto the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2009 and June 30, 2009.
Adelphia Communications Corporation
Trial is now scheduled for April 8, 2010.
Auction Rate Securities (ARS) Claims
On September 9, 2009, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the consolidated complaint inBondar v. Bank of America Corporation.
Additional arbitrations and individual lawsuits have been filed against the Corporation, Bank of America, N.A. (BANA), Banc of America Securities LLC (BAS), Banc of America Investment Services, Inc. (BAI), Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (MLPF&S), Merrill Lynch and Merrill Lynch International, by parties who purchased auction rate securities. Plaintiffs in these and the previously disclosed cases, all of which assert substantially the same types of claims, seek compensatory damages totaling in excess of $2.3 billion, rescission and, in some cases, punitive damages, among other relief.
Countrywide Bond Insurance Litigation
On August 24, 2009, MBIA Insurance Corporation filed an amended complaint in the action in New York Supreme Court, entitledMBIA Insurance Corporation, Inc. v. Countrywide Home Loans, et al., which includes allegations regarding five additional securitizations, and adds the Corporation and Countrywide Home Loans Servicing, LP as defendants.
Countrywide Equity and Debt Securities Matters
Motions for class certification are pending inArgent andIn re Countrywide Financial Corp. Securities Litigation. Trial is scheduled for June 2010 and August 2010, respectively.
Countrywide Mortgage-Backed Securities Litigation
On August 24, 2009, the plaintiffs inLuther filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California seeking a declaratory judgment that the California state court has subject matter jurisdiction over their claims. The District Court dismissed the declaratory judgment action. Plaintiffs have filed a motion to vacate the stay of the state court proceeding with the California state court.
On October 13, 2009, the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh filed a complaint entitledFederal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh v. Countrywide Securities Corporation et al., in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Pennsylvania against Countrywide, Countrywide Securities Corporation, Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., CWALT, Inc. and CWMBS, Inc., among other defendants, alleging violations of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Pennsylvania Securities Act of 1972, as well as fraud and negligent misrepresentation under Pennsylvania common law in connection with the offering of various mortgage-backed securities. The complaint seeks unspecified damages and rescission, among other relief.
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IndyMac
On July 29, 2009,Police & Fire Retirement System of the City of Detroit v. IndyMac MBS, Inc., et al. andWyoming State Treasurer, et al. v. John Olinski, et al., were consolidated by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York and a consolidated amended complaint was filed on October 9, 2009. Prior to the consolidation of these matters, theIBEW Local 103 v. Indymac MBS et al. case was voluntarily dismissed by plaintiffs and its allegations and claims are incorporated into the consolidated amended complaint.
In re Initial Public Offering Securities Litigation
On October 5, 2009, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York granted final approval of the settlement. Certain objectors to the settlement have filed an appeal of the District Court’s certification of the settlement class to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Lehman Setoff Litigation
Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. (LBHI) voluntarily dismissed its counterclaims against Bank of America Trust and Banking Corporation (Cayman) Limited on July 23, 2009, but BANA remains a defendant on the counterclaims. On September 14, 2009, LBHI and Lehman Brothers Special Financing, Inc., on the one hand, and BANA, on the other hand, submitted cross-motions for summary judgment.
Lyondell Litigation
The U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York has bifurcated the adversary proceeding to allow for the adjudication of certain of the fraudulent transfer and avoidance claims (the Phase I Claims) of the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of Lyondell Chemical Company and affiliates on an expedited basis. On August 26, 2009, MLPF&S and Merrill Lynch Capital Corporation moved to dismiss the Phase I Claims. Trial of these claims is set to begin on December 1, 2009. The Court has stayed all other claims pending a ruling on the Phase I Claims.
On October 1, 2009, a second adversary proceeding,The Wilmington Trust Co. v. LyondellBasell Industries AF S.C.A., et al., was filed in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. This adversary proceeding, in which MLPF&S, Merrill Lynch Capital Corporation and Merrill Lynch International Bank Limited along with more than seventy other entities are named defendants, was filed by The Wilmington Trust Company as Successor Trustee for holders of certain Lyondell Senior Notes due 2015, and asserts causes of action for declaratory judgment, breach of contract, and equitable subordination. The declaratory judgment action alleges that the 2007 leveraged buyout of Lyondell violated a 2005 Intercreditor Agreement executed in connection with the August 2005 issuance of the Senior Notes and asks the Court to declare the 2007 Intercreditor Agreement, and specifically the debt priority provisions contained therein, null and void. The breach of contract action seeks unspecified damages. The equitable subordination action seeks to subordinate the defendants’ bankruptcy claims to the claims of the holders of the Senior Notes.
Merrill Lynch Merger-Related Matters
On October 12, 2009, the Delaware Court of Chancery denied defendants’ motion to dismiss the consolidated derivative complaint.
On September 14, 2009, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York declined to approve the proposed consent judgment agreed to by the Corporation in an action filed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) relating to allegations that the joint proxy statement filed in connection with the proposed merger with Merrill Lynch on November 3, 2008 misrepresented that Merrill Lynch was prohibited from paying discretionary incentive compensation to its employees prior to the completion of the merger. On September 22, 2009, the District Court issued an order approving a joint Case Management Plan that schedules the case for trial beginning on March 1, 2010. On October 9, 2009, the Corporation’s Board of Directors approved the waiver of the Corporation’s attorney-client and attorney work product privileges as to certain subject matters under investigation by the U.S. Congress, and federal and state regulatory authorities. On October 14, 2009, the District Court approved a disclosure agreement and protective order concerning certain terms on which the Corporation will produce privileged information to the parties designated in the order. The SEC’s inquiry relating to the Corporation’s acquisition of Merrill Lynch is ongoing.
On September 25, 2009, plaintiffs in the securities actions consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York under the captionIn re Bank of America Securities, Derivative, and Employment Retirement Income
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Security Act (ERISA) Litigation filed a consolidated amended class action complaint. The amended complaint is brought on behalf of a purported class, which consists of purchasers of the Corporation’s common and preferred securities between September 15, 2008 and January 21, 2009, holders of the Corporation’s common stock or Series B Preferred Stock as of October 10, 2008 and purchasers of the Corporation’s common stock issued in the offering that occurred on or about October 7, 2008, and names as defendants the Corporation, Merrill Lynch and certain of their present or former directors, officers and affiliates. The amended complaint alleges violations of Sections 10(b), 14(a) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and SEC rules promulgated thereunder, based on, among other things, alleged false statements and omissions related to (i) the financial condition and 2008 fourth quarter losses experienced by the Corporation and Merrill Lynch; (ii) due diligence conducted in connection with the merger; (iii) bonus payments to Merrill Lynch employees; and (iv) the Corporation’s contacts with government officials regarding the Corporation’s consideration of invoking the material adverse change clause in the merger agreement and the possibility of obtaining additional assistance. The amended complaint also alleges violations of Sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 based on, among other things, alleged false statements and omissions related to bonus payments to Merrill Lynch employees and the benefits and impact of the merger on the Corporation. The amended complaint seeks unspecified damages and other relief.
On October 9, 2009, plaintiffs in the derivative actions consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York under the captionIn re Bank of America Securities, Derivative, and Employment Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) Litigation filed a consolidated amended derivative and class action complaint. The amended complaint names as defendants certain of the Corporation’s present or former directors, officers and financial advisors, and certain of Merrill Lynch’s present or former directors and officers. The amended complaint alleges, among other things, that: (i) certain of the Corporation’s officers breached fiduciary duties by conducting an inadequate due diligence process surrounding the Corporation’s acquisition of Merrill Lynch, failing to make adequate disclosures regarding Merrill Lynch’s 2008 fourth quarter losses and the agreement to permit Merrill Lynch to pay bonuses, and failing to invoke the material adverse change clause or otherwise renegotiate the merger; (ii) certain of the Corporation’s officers and certain Merrill Lynch officers received incentive compensation that was inappropriate in view of the work performed and the results achieved and, therefore, should return unearned compensation; (iii) certain of the Corporation’s officers and directors exposed the Corporation to significant liability under state and federal law and should be held responsible to the Corporation for contribution; (iv) certain Merrill Lynch officers and directors and certain financial advisors to the Corporation aided and abetted breaches of fiduciary duties by causing and/or assisting with the consummation of the merger; and (v) defendants violated Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder by allegedly making material misrepresentations and/or material omissions in the proxy statement for the merger and related materials and failing to update those materials to reflect Merrill Lynch’s 2008 fourth quarter losses. The amended complaint also purports to bring a direct class action claim alleging violations of the duty of full disclosure and complete candor by failing to correct or update disclosures made in the proxy statement for the merger and for concealing the agreement authorizing Merrill Lynch to pay bonuses. The direct claim is purportedly brought on behalf of all persons who owned shares of the Corporation’s common stock as of October 10, 2008. The amended complaint seeks an unspecified amount of monetary damages, equitable remedies, and other relief.
On October 9, 2009, plaintiffs in the ERISA actions consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York under the captionIn re Bank of America Securities, Derivative, and Employment Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) Litigation filed a consolidated amended class action complaint. The amended complaint is brought on behalf of a purported class that consists of participants in the Corporation’s 401(k) Plan, the Corporation’s 401(k) Plan for Legacy Companies, the Countrywide Financial Corporation 401(k) Plan (collectively the 401(k) Plans), and the Corporation’s Pension Plan. The amended complaint names as defendants the Corporation, the Corporation’s Corporate Benefits Committee, the Compensation and Benefits Committee of the Corporation’s Board of Directors and certain of its present or former directors and officers. The amended complaint alleges violations of ERISA, based on, among other things, (i) an alleged failure to prudently and loyally manage the 401(k) Plans and Pension Plan by continuing to offer the Corporation’s common stock as an investment option or measure for participant contributions; (ii) an alleged failure to monitor the fiduciaries of the 401(k) Plans and Pension Plan; (iii) an alleged failure to provide complete and accurate information for the 401(k) Plans and Pension Plan participants with respect to the Merrill Lynch and Countrywide acquisitions and related matters; and (iv) alleged co-fiduciary liability for these purported fiduciary breaches. The amended complaint seeks an unspecified amount of monetary damages, equitable remedies, and other relief.
Merrill Lynch Subprime-Related Matters
In Re Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. Securities, Derivative and ERISA Litigation
On August 25, 2009, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York granted final approval of the settlement of the ERISA Action.
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Louisiana Sheriffs’ Pension & Relief Fund v. Conway, et al.
On August 25, 2009, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York granted preliminary approval of the settlement.
Parmalat Finanziaria S.p.A.
Proceedings in the United States
On September 18, 2009, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York granted the Corporation’s Request for Entry of a Contribution Bar Order in the case entitledDr. Enrico Bondi, Extraordinary Commissioner of Parmalat Finanziaria, S.p.A., et al. v. Bank of America Corporation, et al. and the settlement is now final.
On November 23, 2005, the Official Liquidators of Food Holdings Limited and Dairy Holdings Limited, two entities in liquidation proceedings in the Cayman Islands, filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Corporation and several related entities, entitledFood Holdings Ltd, et al. v. Bank of America Corp., et al. (the Food Holdings Action). The complaint in the Food Holdings Action alleges that the Corporation and other defendants conspired with Parmalat Finanziaria S.p.A. (Parmalat) in carrying out transactions involving the plaintiffs in connection with the funding of Parmalat’s Brazilian entities, and asserts claims for fraud, negligent misrepresentation, breach of fiduciary duty and other related claims. The complaint seeks damages in excess of $400 million in compensatory damages and interest, among other relief. A bench trial was held the week of September 14, 2009, and a decision from the District Court is pending.
Short Term Interest Rate Trading (STIRT) Matter
On October 22, 2009, Merrill Lynch International Bank Limited reached a settlement of the matter with the Irish Financial Regulator that resulted in payment of a fine that was not material to the Corporation.
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NOTE 13 - Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share |
Common Stock
In January 2009, the Corporation issued 1.4 billion shares of common stock in connection with its acquisition of Merrill Lynch. For additional information regarding the Merrill Lynch acquisition, seeNote 2 - Merger and Restructuring Activity. In addition, during the first quarter of 2009, the Corporation issued warrants to purchase approximately 199.1 million shares of common stock in connection with preferred stock issuances to the U.S. government. For more information, see the following preferred stock discussion. During the second quarter of 2009, the Corporation issued 1.25 billion shares of its common stock at an average price of $10.77 per share through an at-the-market issuance program resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $13.5 billion.
The Corporation may repurchase shares, subject to certain restrictions, from time to time, in the open market or in private transactions through the Corporation’s approved repurchase program. For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation did not repurchase any shares of common stock and issued approximately 7.5 million shares under employee stock plans. As of September 30, 2009, 1.2 billion of unissued common shares have been reserved for future issuances.
In October 2009, the Board declared a fourth quarter cash dividend on common stock of $0.01 per share, payable on December 24, 2009 to common shareholders of record on December 4, 2009. In July 2009, the Board declared a third quarter cash dividend on common stock of $0.01 per share, which was paid on September 25, 2009 to common shareholders of record on September 4, 2009. In April 2009, the Board declared a second quarter cash dividend of $0.01 per common share which was paid on June 26, 2009 to common shareholders of record on June 5, 2009. In January 2009, the Board declared a first quarter cash dividend of $0.01 per common share which was paid on March 27, 2009 to common shareholders of record on March 6, 2009.
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Preferred Stock
In the second quarter of 2009, the Corporation entered into agreements with certain holders of non-government perpetual preferred shares to exchange their holdings of approximately $7.3 billion aggregate liquidation preference of perpetual preferred stock for approximately 545 million shares of common stock. In addition, the Corporation exchanged approximately $3.9 billion aggregate liquidation preference of non-government preferred stock for approximately 200 million shares of common stock in an exchange offer. In total, these exchanges resulted in the exchange of approximately $11.3 billion aggregate liquidation preference of preferred stock into approximately 745 million shares of common stock. The table below provides further details on the non-convertible perpetual preferred stock exchanges.
| | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions, actual shares) Series | | Preferred Shares Exchanged | | Carrying Value(1) | | Common Shares Issued | | Fair Value of Stock Issued |
Negotiated exchanges | | | | | | | | | | |
Series K | | 173,298 | | $ | 4,332 | | 328,193,964 | | $ | 3,635 |
Series M | | 102,643 | | | 2,566 | | 192,970,068 | | | 2,178 |
Series 4 | | 7,024 | | | 211 | | 11,642,232 | | | 131 |
Series D | | 6,566 | | | 164 | | 10,104,798 | | | 114 |
Series 7 | | 33,404 | | | 33 | | 2,069,047 | | | 23 |
|
Total negotiated exchanges | | 322,935 | | $ | 7,306 | | 544,980,109 | | $ | 6,081 |
|
Exchange offer | | | | | | | | | | |
Series E | | 61,509 | | $ | 1,538 | | 78,670,451 | | $ | 1,003 |
Series 5 | | 29,810 | | | 894 | | 45,753,525 | | | 583 |
Series 1 | | 16,139 | | | 484 | | 22,866,796 | | | 292 |
Series 2 | | 19,453 | | | 584 | | 27,562,975 | | | 351 |
Series 3 | | 4,664 | | | 140 | | 7,490,194 | | | 95 |
Series I | | 7,416 | | | 185 | | 10,215,305 | | | 130 |
Series J | | 2,289 | | | 57 | | 3,378,098 | | | 43 |
Series H | | 2,517 | | | 63 | | 4,062,655 | | | 52 |
|
Total exchange offer | | 143,797 | | $ | 3,945 | | 199,999,999 | | $ | 2,549 |
|
Total preferred exchanges | | 466,732 | | $ | 11,251 | | 744,980,108 | | $ | 8,630 |
|
| (1) | Amounts shown before third party issuance costs. |
In addition to the exchanges detailed in the table above, in the second quarter of 2009, the Corporation entered into agreements to exchange 3.6 million shares, or $3.6 billion aggregate liquidation preference of Series L 7.25% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible preferred shares into 255 million shares of common stock valued at $2.8 billion, which was accounted for as an induced conversion of preferred stock.
During the second quarter of 2009, the Corporation recorded an increase to retained earnings and net income available to common shareholders of $576 million related to these exchanges. This represents the net of a $2.6 billion benefit due to the excess of the carrying value of the Corporation’s non-convertible preferred stock over the fair value of the common stock exchanged, partially offset by a $2.0 billion inducement to convertible preferred shareholders. The inducement represented the excess of the fair value of the common stock exchanged, which was accounted for as an induced conversion of convertible preferred stock, over the fair value of the common stock that would have been issued under the original conversion terms.
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The following table presents a summary of preferred stock previously issued by the Corporation and remaining outstanding (including the series of preferred stock issued and remaining outstanding in connection with the acquisition of Merrill Lynch), after consideration of the exchanges discussed above. All outstanding preferred stock of the Corporation has preference over the Corporation’s common stock with respect to the payment of dividends and distribution of the Corporation’s assets in the event of a liquidation or dissolution. For additional information regarding the acquisition of Merrill Lynch, seeNote 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity. For additional information on the Corporation’s preferred stock, seeNote 14 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Shareto the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
In connection with the Merrill Lynch acquisition, Merrill Lynch non-convertible preferred shareholders received Bank of America Corporation preferred stock having substantially similar terms. Merrill Lynch convertible preferred stock remains outstanding and is now convertible into Bank of America common stock at an exchange ratio equivalent to the exchange ratio for Merrill Lynch common stock in connection with the acquisition.
Preferred Stock Summary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions, except as noted) |
Series | | Description | | Initial Issuance Date | | Total Shares Outstanding | | Liquidation Preference per Share (in dollars) | | Carrying Value(1) | | Per Annum Dividend Rate | | Redemption Period |
Series B | | 7% Cumulative Redeemable | | January
1998 | | 7,571 | | $ | 100 | | $ | 1 | | 7.00% | | n/a |
|
Series D(2) | | 6.204% Non-Cumulative | | September
2006 | | 26,434 | | | 25,000 | | | 661 | | 6.204% | | On or after
September 14, 2011 |
|
Series E(2) | | Floating Rate Non-Cumulative | | November
2006 | | 19,491 | | | 25,000 | | | 487 | | Annual rate equal to the greater of (a) 3-mo. LIBOR + 35 bps and (b) 4.00% | | On or after
November 15, 2011 |
|
Series H(2) | | 8.20% Non-Cumulative | | May
2008 | | 114,483 | | | 25,000 | | | 2,862 | | 8.20% | | On or after
May 1, 2013 |
|
Series I(2) | | 6.625% Non-Cumulative | | September
2007 | | 14,584 | | | 25,000 | | | 365 | | 6.625% | | On or after
October 1, 2017 |
|
Series J(2) | | 7.25% Non-Cumulative | | November
2007 | | 39,111 | | | 25,000 | | | 978 | | 7.25% | | On or after
November 1, 2012 |
|
Series K(2) | | Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative | | January
2008 | | 66,702 | | | 25,000 | | | 1,668 | | 8.00% through 1/29/18; 3-mo. LIBOR + 363 bps thereafter | | On or after
January 30, 2018 |
|
Series L | | 7.25% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible | | January
2008 | | 3,349,321 | | | 1,000 | | | 3,349 | | 7.25% | | n/a |
|
Series M(2) | | Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative | | April
2008 | | 57,357 | | | 25,000 | | | 1,434 | | 8.125% through 5/14/18; 3-mo. LIBOR + 364 bps thereafter | | On or after
May 15, 2018 |
|
Series N(3) | | Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual | | October
2008 | | 600,000 | | | 25,000 | | | 13,775 | | 5.00% through 11/14/13; 9.00% thereafter | | On or after
November 15, 2011 |
|
Series Q(3) | | Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual | | January 2009 | | 400,000 | | | 25,000 | | | 9,146 | | 5.00% through 2/14/14; 9.00% thereafter | | On or after
February 15, 2012 |
|
Series R(3) | | Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual | | January 2009 | | 800,000 | | | 25,000 | | | 17,956 | | 8.00% | | After redemption
of Series N and Series Q |
|
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Preferred Stock Summary (continued)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions, except as noted) |
Merrill Lynch Series | | Description | | Initial Issuance Date | | Total Shares Outstanding | | Liquidation Preference per Share (in dollars) | | Carrying Value(1) | | Per Annum Dividend Rate | | Redemption Period |
Series 1(2, 4, 5) | | Floating Rate Non-Cumulative | | November 2004 | | 4,861 | | $ | 30,000 | | $ | 146 | | 3-mo LIBOR + 75 bps(6) | | On or after
November 28, 2009 |
|
Series 2(2, 4, 5) | | Floating Rate Non-Cumulative | | March 2005 | | 17,547 | | | 30,000 | | | 526 | | 3-mo LIBOR + 65 bps(6) | | On or after
November 28, 2009 |
|
Series 3(2, 4, 5) | | 6.375% Non-Cumulative | | November 2005 | | 22,336 | | | 30,000 | | | 670 | | 6.375% | | On or after
November 28, 2010 |
|
Series 4(2, 4, 5) | | Floating Rate Non-Cumulative | | November 2005 | | 12,976 | | | 30,000 | | | 389 | | 3-mo LIBOR + 75 bps(7) | | On or after
November 28, 2010 |
|
Series 5(2, 4, 5) | | Floating Rate Non-Cumulative | | March 2007 | | 20,190 | | | 30,000 | | | 606 | | 3-mo LIBOR + 50 bps(7) | | On or after
May 21, 2012 |
|
Series 6(2, 4, 8) | | 6.70% Non-Cumulative Perpetual | | September 2007 | | 65,000 | | | 1,000 | | | 65 | | 6.70% | | On or after
February 03, 2009 |
|
Series 7(2, 4, 8) | | 6.25% Non-Cumulative Perpetual | | September 2007 | | 16,596 | | | 1,000 | | | 17 | | 6.25% | | On or after
March 18, 2010 |
|
Series 8(2, 4, 5) | | 8.625% Non-Cumulative | | April 2008 | | 89,100 | | | 30,000 | | | 2,673 | | 8.625% | | On or after
May 28, 2013 |
|
Series 2 (MC)(2, 9) | | 9.00% Non-Voting Mandatory Convertible Non-Cumulative | | July
2008 | | 12,000 | | | 100,000 | | | 1,200 | | 9.00% | | On October 15, 2010 |
|
Series 3 (MC)(2, 9) | | 9.00% Non-Voting Mandatory Convertible Non-Cumulative | | July
2008 | | 5,000 | | | 100,000 | | | 500 | | 9.00% | | On October 15, 2010 |
|
Total | | | | | | 5,760,660 | | | | | | 59,474 | | | | |
|
(1) | Amounts shown before third party issuance costs and other Merrill Lynch related adjustments of $634 million. |
(2) | The Corporation may redeem series of preferred stock on or after the redemption date, in whole or in part, at its option, at the liquidation preference plus declared and unpaid dividends. |
(3) | Subject to the approval of federal banking regulators, the Series N Preferred Stock may be redeemed on or after November 15, 2011, the Series Q Preferred Stock may be redeemed on or after February 15, 2012, and the Series R Preferred Stock may be redeemed after the Series N Preferred Stock and the Series Q Preferred Stock have been redeemed. Subject to the approval of federal banking regulators, the Series N Preferred Stock may be redeemed before November 15, 2011 with net proceeds from a specified amount of qualified equity offerings (which is defined generally as a sale or issuance of common or perpetual preferred stock to third parties that qualifies as Tier 1 Capital), and, if the Series N Preferred Stock has been redeemed, the Series Q Preferred Stock may be redeemed before February 15, 2012 with net proceeds from a specified amount of qualified equity offerings. Notwithstanding the foregoing, pursuant to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 was amended to add a new Section 111(g), which would allow the Corporation to redeem the Series N, the Series Q or the Series R Preferred Stock at any time, subject to approval of the appropriate federal banking agency, without raising additional cash proceeds from qualified equity offerings or without regard to waiting periods. |
(4) | Series of preferred stock are not convertible and have general voting rights. |
(5) | Ownership is held in the form of depositary shares, each representing a 1/1200th interest in a share of preferred stock, paying a quarterly cash dividend. |
(6) | Subject to 3.00% minimum rate per annum. |
(7) | Subject to 4.00% minimum rate per annum. |
(8) | Ownership is held in the form of depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of preferred stock, paying a quarterly cash dividend. |
(9) | Represents shares outstanding of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. Each share of Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock Series 2 and Series 3 will be converted on October 15, 2010 into a maximum of 2,605 and 3,820 shares of the Corporation’s common stock plus cash in lieu of fractional shares and are optionally convertible prior to that time into 2,227 and 3,265 shares. |
In January 2009, in connection with the TARP Capital Purchase Program and the Merrill Lynch acquisition, the Corporation issued 400 thousand shares of Series Q Preferred Stock and related warrants to purchase common stock of the Corporation for cash proceeds of $10.0 billion of which $9.0 billion was allocated to preferred stock and $1.0 billion to the warrants on a relative fair value basis. Also in January 2009, the U.S. government agreed to assist in the Merrill Lynch acquisition by making a further investment in the Corporation of 800 thousand shares of Series R Preferred Stock and related warrants to purchase common stock of the Corporation for cash proceeds of $20.0 billion of which $17.8 billion was allocated to preferred stock and $2.2 billion to the warrants on a relative fair value basis. The discount on the Series Q and R Preferred Stock is being accreted and recognized in retained earnings as a non-cash dividend which impacts diluted EPS, with a corresponding increase in the carrying value of the preferred stock, over a period of five years and 10 years. The Corporation utilized a Black-Scholes option model to fair value the stock warrants. The key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the warrants included volatility of 51.66 percent and 54.79 percent and a spot price equal to the exercise price of $30.79 and $13.30 for Series Q and Series R Preferred Stock. In addition, the Corporation assumed that the warrants for both series of preferred stock had a dividend yield of zero.
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During the first, second and third quarters of 2009, the aggregate dividends on preferred stock declared were $1.0 billion, $1.2 billion, and $1.1 billion, respectively, including $145 million, $144 million, and $123 million, respectively, related to preferred stock issued or remaining outstanding as a part of the Merrill Lynch acquisition.
Accumulated OCI
The following table presents the changes in accumulated OCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, net-of-tax.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Available-for- Sale Debt Securities(1) | | | Available-for- Sale Marketable Equity Securities | | | Derivatives (2) | | | Employee Benefit Plans(3) | | | Foreign Currency (4) | | | Total |
Balance, December 31, 2008 | | $ | (5,956 | ) | | $ | 3,935 | | | $ | (3,458 | ) | | $ | (4,642 | ) | | $ | (704 | ) | | $ | (10,825) |
Cumulative adjustment for accounting change - OTTI(5) | | | (71 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (71) |
Net change in fair value recorded in accumulated OCI | | | 6,146 | | | | 2,112 | | | | 108 | | | | 161 | | | | 26 | | | | 8,553 |
Net realized (gains) losses reclassified into earnings(6, 7) | | | (715 | ) | | | (4,433 | ) | | | 613 | | | | 173 | | | | - | | | | (4,362) |
|
Balance, September 30, 2009 | | $ | (596 | ) | | $ | 1,614 | | | $ | (2,737 | ) | | $ | (4,308 | ) | | $ | (678 | ) | | $ | (6,705) |
|
| | | | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2007 | | $ | (1,880 | ) | | $ | 8,416 | | | $ | (4,402 | ) | | $ | (1,301 | ) | | $ | 296 | | | $ | 1,129 |
Net change in fair value recorded in accumulated OCI | | | (5,964 | ) | | | (2,441 | ) | | | (95 | ) | | | - | | | | (242 | ) | | | (8,742) |
Net realized losses reclassified into earnings(6) | | | 1,145 | | | | 206 | | | | 580 | | | | 35 | | | | - | | | | 1,966 |
|
Balance, September 30, 2008 | | $ | (6,699 | ) | | $ | 6,181 | | | $ | (3,917 | ) | | $ | (1,266 | ) | | $ | 54 | | | $ | (5,647) |
|
(1) | The nine months ended September 30, 2009 includes $267 million of net loss in fair value recorded in accumulated OCI and $201 million of realized losses reclassified into earnings on debt securities in which other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized and a portion of the unrealized loss remains in OCI. The September 30, 2009 ending balance includes $66 million of unrealized losses in which other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized. |
(2) | The amounts included in accumulated OCI for terminated interest rate derivative contracts were losses of $2.6 billion and $3.8 billion, net-of-tax, at September 30, 2009 and 2008. |
(3) | Net change in fair value represents after-tax adjustments based on the 2008 final year-end actuarial valuations. |
(4) | The net change in fair value recorded in accumulated OCI represents the after-tax fair value adjustments associated with the Corporation’s foreign currency translation on its net investment in consolidated foreign operations offset by the related foreign currency exchange hedging results. |
(5) | Effective January 1, 2009, the Corporation adopted new accounting guidance impacting the recognition of other-than-temporary impairment charges on debt securities. For additional information on the adoption of this accounting pronouncement, seeNote 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles andNote 5 – Securities. |
(6) | Included in this line item are amounts related to derivatives used in cash flow hedge relationships. These amounts are reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings. This line item also includes (gains) losses on AFS debt and marketable equity securities and impairment charges. These amounts are reclassified into earnings upon sale of the related security or when the other-than-temporary impairment charge is recognized in earnings. |
(7) | Accumulated OCI related to AFS marketable equity securities was reduced by a $4.7 billion gain, net-of-tax, being reclassified from accumulated OCI into earnings on the Corporation’s sale of 19.1 billion common shares of its initial investment in CCB. |
Earnings Per Common Share
On January 1, 2009, the Corporation adopted new accounting guidance impacting EPS which defines unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends as participating securities that are included in computing EPS using the two-class method. Prior period EPS amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. For additional information on this accounting pronouncement, seeNote 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for each share of common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Under this method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to common shares and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends. Earnings per common share is calculated by dividing earnings allocated to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period.
63
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, average options to purchase 311 million and 318 million shares of common stock were outstanding but not included in the computation of earnings per common share because they were antidilutive compared to 211 million and 176 million for the same periods in 2008. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, 117 million and 157 million average dilutive potential common shares associated with the convertible Series L and Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock Series 2 and Series 3 were excluded from the diluted share count because the result would have been antidilutive under the “if-converted” method compared to 138 million and 124 million for the same periods in 2008. The calculation of earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 is presented below.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions, except per share information; shares in thousands) | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 |
Earnings (loss) per common share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (1,001 | ) | | $ | 1,177 | | | $ | 6,470 | | | $ | 5,797 |
Preferred stock dividends | | | (1,240 | ) | | | (473 | ) | | | (3,478 | ) | | | (849) |
|
Net income (loss) applicable to common shareholders(1) | | $ | (2,241 | ) | | $ | 704 | | | $ | 2,992 | | | $ | 4,948 |
Income (loss) allocated to participating securities | | | (1 | ) | | | (19 | ) | | | (60 | ) | | | (59) |
|
Net income (loss) allocated to common shareholders | | $ | (2,242 | ) | | $ | 685 | | | $ | 2,932 | | | $ | 4,889 |
|
Average common shares issued and outstanding | | | 8,633,834 | | | | 4,543,963 | | | | 7,423,341 | | | | 4,469,517 |
|
Earnings (loss) per common share | | $ | (0.26 | ) | | $ | 0.15 | | | $ | 0.39 | | | $ | 1.09 |
|
| | | | |
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) applicable to common shareholders(1) | | $ | (2,241 | ) | | $ | 704 | | | $ | 2,992 | | | $ | 4,948 |
Income (loss) allocated to participating securities | | | (1 | ) | | | (19 | ) | | | (60 | ) | | | (59) |
|
Net income (loss) allocated to common shareholders | | $ | (2,242 | ) | | $ | 685 | | | $ | 2,932 | | | $ | 4,889 |
|
Average common shares issued and outstanding | | | 8,633,834 | | | | 4,543,963 | | | | 7,423,341 | | | | 4,469,517 |
Dilutive potential common shares(2, 3) | | | - | | | | 3,615 | | | | 26,570 | | | | 8,477 |
|
Total diluted average common shares issued and outstanding | | | 8,633,834 | | | | 4,547,578 | | | | 7,449,911 | | | | 4,477,994 |
|
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share | | $ | (0.26 | ) | | $ | 0.15 | | | $ | 0.39 | | | $ | 1.09 |
|
(1) | For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation recorded an increase to retained earnings and net income available to common shareholders of $576 million related to the Corporation’s preferred stock exchange for common stock. |
(2) | Includes incremental shares from restricted stock units, restricted stock shares, stock options and warrants. |
(3) | Due to a net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2009, no dilutive potential common shares were included in the calculations of diluted EPS because they would have been antidilutive. |
|
NOTE 14 – Pension, Postretirement and Other Employee Plans |
The Corporation sponsors noncontributory trusteed qualified pension plans that cover substantially all officers and employees, a number of noncontributory nonqualified pension plans, and postretirement health and life plans. The plans provide defined benefits based on an employee’s compensation and years of service. The Bank of America Pension Plan (the Pension Plan) provides participants with compensation credits, generally based on years of service. For account balances based on compensation credits prior to January 1, 2008, the Pension Plan allows participants to select from various earnings measures, which are based on the returns of certain funds or common stock of the Corporation. The participant-selected earnings measures determine the earnings rate on the individual participant account balances in the Pension Plan. Participants may elect to modify earnings measure allocations on a periodic basis subject to the provisions of the Pension Plan. For account balances based on compensation credits subsequent to December 31, 2007, the account balance earnings rate is based on a benchmark rate. For eligible employees in the Pension Plan on or after January 1, 2008, the benefits become vested upon completion of three years of service. It is the policy of the Corporation to fund not less than the minimum funding amount required by ERISA. A detailed discussion of these plans is presented inNote 16 – Employee Benefit Plans to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
As a result of the Merrill Lynch acquisition, the Corporation assumed the obligations related to the plans of Merrill Lynch. These plans include a terminated U.S. pension plan, non-U.S. pension plans, and other postretirement plans. The non-U.S. pension plans vary based on the country and local practices.
64
In 1988, Merrill Lynch purchased a group annuity contract that guarantees the payment of benefits vested under the terminated U.S. pension plan. The Corporation, under a supplemental agreement, may be responsible for, or benefit from, actual experience and investment performance of the annuity assets. The Corporation has contributed approximately $120 million toward this agreement during the nine months ended September 30, 2009. Additional contributions may be required under the supplemental agreement.
Net periodic benefit cost (income) of the Corporation’s plans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 included the following components:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 |
| | Qualified Pension Plans | | | Nonqualified and Other Pension Plans(1) | | | Postretirement Health and Life Plans |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009(2) | | | 2008 | | | 2009(2) | | | 2008 |
Components of net periodic benefit cost (income) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Service cost | | $ | 97 | | | $ | 92 | | | $ | 7 | | | $ | 2 | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 4 |
Interest cost | | | 185 | | | | 213 | | | | 59 | | | | 20 | | | | 23 | | | | 22 |
Expected return on plan assets | | | (308 | ) | | | (364 | ) | | | (54 | ) | | | - | | | | (2 | ) | | | (3) |
Amortization of transition obligation | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 8 | | | | 8 |
Amortization of prior service cost (credits) | | | 10 | | | | 8 | | | | (2 | ) | | | (2 | ) | | | - | | | | - |
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain) | | | 94 | | | | 19 | | | | 1 | | | | 3 | | | | (19 | ) | | | (18) |
|
Net periodic benefit cost (income) | | $ | 78 | | | $ | (32 | ) | | $ | 11 | | | $ | 23 | | | $ | 14 | | | $ | 13 |
|
| |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
| | Qualified Pension Plans | | | Nonqualified and Other Pension Plans (1) | | | Postretirement Health and Life Plans |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009(2) | | | 2008 | | | 2009 (2) | | | 2008 |
Components of net periodic benefit cost (income) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Service cost | | $ | 291 | | | $ | 249 | | | $ | 21 | | | $ | 5 | | | $ | 12 | | | $ | 12 |
Interest cost | | | 556 | | | | 624 | | | | 178 | | | | 58 | | | | 68 | | | | 65 |
Expected return on plan assets | | | (924 | ) | | | (1,080 | ) | | | (162 | ) | | | - | | | | (6 | ) | | | (9) |
Amortization of transition obligation | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 24 | | | | 24 |
Amortization of prior service cost (credits) | | | 30 | | | | 25 | | | | (6 | ) | | | (6 | ) | | | - | | | | - |
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain) | | | 282 | | | | 57 | | | | 3 | | | | 10 | | | | (58 | ) | | | (54) |
Recognized termination benefit cost | | | 8 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - |
|
Net periodic benefit cost (income) | | $ | 243 | | | $ | (125 | ) | | $ | 34 | | | $ | 67 | | | $ | 40 | | | $ | 38 |
|
(1) | Includes nonqualified pension plans, the terminated U.S. pension plan and non-U.S. pension plans as described above. |
(2) | The net periodic benefit cost (income) of the Merrill Lynch Nonqualified and Other Pension Plans and Postretirement Health and Life Plans was $(6) million and $4 million and $(18) million and $12 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. |
For 2009, the Corporation expects to contribute approximately $300 million and $150 million to its nonqualified and other pension plans and postretirement health and life plans. For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation contributed $252 million and $101 million for these plans. The Corporation does not expect to be required to contribute to its qualified pension plans during 2009.
In connection with the Merrill Lynch acquisition, approximately 234 million stock-based compensation awards (e.g., options and restricted shares) were converted to Bank of America stock-based awards. The unamortized compensation expense at the time of acquisition was approximately $700 million which will be substantially amortized into personnel expense through 2012.
65
The Corporation’s net deferred tax assets increased by $19.6 billion as a result of the acquisition of Merrill Lynch on January 1, 2009. Included in these deferred tax assets are carryforward amounts generated in the U.S. and U.K. that are deductible in the future as net operating losses (NOLs). The U.K. NOL deferred tax asset of $9.7 billion has an unlimited carryforward period, but due to change-in-control limitations in the three years prior to and following the change in ownership, may be jeopardized by certain major changes in the nature or conduct of the Corporation’s U.K. businesses. The Corporation has concluded that no valuation allowance is required. The U.S. federal NOL of $11.8 billion, which is represented by a deferred tax asset of $4.1 billion, can be carried forward against future tax periods of the Corporation until 2028, and no valuation allowance has been established based upon the Corporation’s estimate that future taxable income will be sufficient to utilize the NOL prior to its expiration. Merrill Lynch also has U.S. federal capital loss and foreign tax credit carryforwards against which valuation allowances have been recorded to reduce the assets to the amounts the Corporation believes are more likely than not to be realized before their expiration.
The determination of the amount of deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized involves the assessment of all available evidence, both positive and negative. This evidence includes, but is not limited to, historical taxable income and projected future taxable income, the character and geographic mix of projected future taxable income, and projected future reversals of existing deferred tax liabilities. During the quarter ended June 30, 2009, the Corporation released $750 million of the valuation allowance attributable to Merrill Lynch’s federal capital loss carryforward as the capital gain recognized on the sale of CCB shares increased the portion of such carryforward that is more likely than not to be realized.
At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the balance of the Corporation’s unrecognized tax benefits (UTBs) was $5.7 billion and $3.5 billion. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. As of September 30, 2009, $4.4 billion of the UTBs (net of items such as state income taxes and foreign tax credit offsets) would, if recognized, affect the Corporation’s effective tax rate in future periods.
In December 2008, the U.S. Tax Court issued an adverse decision with respect to Merrill Lynch’s tax treatment of a 1987 transaction and the Corporation has filed a notice of appeal. The UTBs with respect to this transaction have been included in the amounts disclosed above.
Merrill Lynch is under examination by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and other tax authorities in countries and states in which Merrill Lynch has significant business operations. The examinations of the U.S. federal income tax returns are ongoing for the years 2005 through 2007. Tax returns filed in the U.K. are currently under examination for the years 2006 and 2007. The Corporation has paid assessments issued by tax authorities in Japan for the tax years that ended March 31, 1999 through 2007 which assert that certain income on which Merrill Lynch previously paid income tax to other international jurisdictions, primarily the U.S., should have been allocated to Japan. The Corporation is in the process of obtaining clarification from international authorities (referred to as Competent Authority) to determine the appropriate allocation of income among multiple jurisdictions to prevent double taxation. The Corporation believes it is reasonably possible that portions of these proceedings will be concluded within the next 12 months.
During 2008, the IRS completed the examination of the Merrill Lynch 2004 tax year. Included in this examination were certain proposed adjustments for which the Corporation has filed a protest to the Appeals office of the IRS.
During 2009, the Corporation expects the IRS to issue Revenue Agent’s Reports (RARs) for the Merrill Lynch tax years 2005 and 2006. The Corporation expects the RARs to disallow certain deductions and foreign tax credits that Merrill Lynch claimed on its U.S. income tax returns. Except with respect to any proposed adjustments that the Corporation may challenge, management believes it is reasonably possible that these examinations will be concluded within the next 12 months.
Due to the resolution of all examination matters reasonably possible to be concluded (including Merrill Lynch) within the next 12 months, the Corporation’s UTB balance may decrease by as much as $2.0 billion during that period since resolved items would be removed from the balance whether their resolution resulted in payment or recognition.
As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation’s accrual for interest and penalties related to income taxes net of taxes and remittances, which included applicable interest on certain leveraged lease positions, was $1.1 billion and $677 million. The increase was primarily due to the Merrill Lynch acquisition.
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Upon the acquisition of Merrill Lynch, the cumulative undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries for which no deferred U.S. federal income taxes have been provided (as such earnings are expected to be permanently reinvested in the subsidiaries’ non-U.S. operations) increased to $14.0 billion. It is not practicable to determine the amount of withholding and U.S. income tax that would be payable in the event these earnings were repatriated.
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Note 16 – Fair Value Disclosures |
GAAP defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Corporation determines the fair values of its financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy established per GAAP which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. The Corporation carries certain corporate loans and loan commitments, LHFS, securities financing agreements, long-term deposits and certain structured notes that are classified as long-term debt at fair value under the fair value option. The Corporation also carries at fair value trading account assets and liabilities, derivative assets and liabilities, AFS debt securities, MSRs, and certain other assets. A detailed discussion regarding the fair value hierarchy and how the Corporation measures fair value is presented inNote 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
Fair Value Measurement
Level 1, 2 and 3 Valuation Techniques
Financial instruments are considered Level 1 when valuation can be based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 financial instruments are valued using quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or models using inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data of substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Financial instruments are considered Level 3 when their values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable and when determination of the fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
The Corporation also uses market indices for direct inputs to certain models, where the cash settlement is directly linked to appreciation or depreciation of that particular index (primarily in the context of structured credit products). In those cases, no material adjustments are made to the index-based values. In other cases, market indices are also used as inputs to valuation, but are adjusted for trade specific factors such as rating, credit quality, vintage and other factors.
Corporate Loans and Loan Commitments
The fair values of loans and loan commitments are based on market prices, where available, or discounted cash flows using market-based credit spreads of comparable debt instruments or credit derivatives of the specific borrower or comparable borrowers. Results of discounted cash flow calculations may be adjusted, as appropriate, to reflect other market conditions or the perceived credit risk of the borrower.
Securities Financing Agreements
The fair values of certain reverse repurchase arrangements, repurchase arrangements, and securities borrowed transactions are determined using quantitative models, including discounted cash flow models that require the use of multiple market inputs including interest rates and spreads to generate continuous yield or pricing curves and volatility factors. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third party pricing services. As part of certain securities lending agreements, securities are received as collateral and are recorded at fair market value in other assets, and the liability to return these securities is recorded at fair market value in accrued expenses and other liabilities.
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Deposits, Commercial Paper and Other Short-term Borrowings and Certain Structured Notes that are Classified as Long-term Debt
The fair values of deposits, commercial paper and other short-term borrowings and certain structured notes that are classified as long-term debt are determined using quantitative models, including discounted cash flow models that require the use of multiple market inputs including interest rates and spreads to generate continuous yield or pricing curves and volatility factors. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third party pricing services. The Corporation considers, consistent with the requirements of fair value measurements, the impact of its own creditworthiness in the valuation of these liabilities. The credit risk is determined by reference to existing direct market costs of credit.
Trading Account Assets and Liabilities and Available-for-Sale Debt Securities
The fair values of trading account assets and liabilities are primarily based on actively traded markets where prices are based on either direct market quotes or observed transactions. The fair values of AFS debt securities are generally based on quoted market prices or market prices for similar assets. Liquidity is a significant factor in the determination of the fair values of trading account assets or liabilities and AFS debt securities. Market price quotes may not be readily available for some positions, or positions within a market sector where trading activity has slowed significantly or ceased such as certain CDO positions and certain ABS. Some of these instruments are valued using a net asset value approach, which considers the value of the underlying securities. Underlying assets are valued using external pricing services, where available, or matrix pricing based on the vintages and ratings. Situations of illiquidity generally are triggered by the market’s perception of credit uncertainty regarding a single company or a specific market sector. In these instances, fair value is determined based on limited available market information and other factors, principally from reviewing the issuer’s financial statements and changes in credit ratings made by one or more rating agencies.
Derivative Assets and Liabilities
The fair values of derivative assets and liabilities traded in the over-the-counter market are determined using quantitative models that require the use of multiple market inputs including interest rates, prices, and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves and volatility factors, which are used to value the position. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third party pricing services. Estimation risk is greater for derivative asset and liability positions that are either option-based or have longer maturity dates where observable market inputs are less readily available or are unobservable, in which case, quantitative-based extrapolations of rate, price or index scenarios are used in determining fair values. The fair values of derivative assets and liabilities include adjustments for market liquidity, counterparty credit quality and other deal specific factors, where appropriate. Consistent with the way the Corporation fair values long-term deposits, commercial paper and other short-term borrowings and certain structured notes as discussed above, the Corporation incorporates, within its fair value measurements of over-the-counter derivatives, the net credit differential between the counterparty credit risk and the Corporation’s own credit risk. An estimate of severity of loss is also used in the determination of fair value, primarily based on historical experience, adjusted for recent name specific expectations.
Mortgage Servicing Rights
The fair values of MSRs are determined using models which depend on estimates of prepayment rates, the resultant weighted-average lives of the MSRs and the OAS levels. For more information on MSRs, see Note 18 – Mortgage Servicing Rights.
Loans Held-for-Sale
The fair values of LHFS are based on quoted market prices, where available, or are determined by discounting estimated cash flows using interest rates approximating the Corporation’s current origination rates for similar loans adjusted to reflect the inherent credit risk.
Other Assets
The Corporation fair values certain other assets including AFS equity securities and certain retained residual interests in securitization vehicles. The fair values of AFS equity securities are generally based on quoted market prices or market prices for similar assets. However, non-public investments are initially valued at transaction price and subsequently adjusted when evidence is available to support such adjustments. Retained residual interests in securitization vehicles are
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based on certain observable inputs such as interest rates and credit spreads, as well as unobservable inputs such as estimated net charge-off and payment rates.
For private equity and principal investments held at fair value, valuation methodologies include publicly traded comparables derived by multiplying a key performance metric (e.g., earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) of the portfolio company by the relevant valuation multiple observed for comparable companies, acquisition comparables, entry level multiples, or discounted cash flows and are subject to appropriate discounts for lack of liquidity or marketability. Other factors which may influence changes to the fair value include, but are not limited to, recapitalizations, subsequent rounds of financing, and offerings in the equity or debt capital markets.
Asset-backed Secured Financings
The fair values of asset-backed secured financings are based on external broker bids, where available, or are determined by discounting estimated cash flows using interest rates approximating the Corporation’s current origination rates for similar loans adjusted to reflect the inherent credit risk. Asset-backed secured financings are recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.
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Recurring Fair Value
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2009, including financial instruments which the Corporation accounts for at fair value under the fair value option, are summarized in the table below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 |
| | Fair Value Measurements Using | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Netting Adjustments (1) | | | Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value |
| | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | | $ | - | | $ | 66,218 | | $ | - | | $ | - | | | $ | 66,218 |
Trading account assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. government and agency securities | | | 25,623 | | | 38,359 | | | - | | | - | | | | 63,982 |
Corporate securities, trading loans, and other | | | 5,969 | | | 40,059 | | | 13,018 | | | - | | | | 59,046 |
Equity securities | | | 19,944 | | | 6,978 | | | 6,578 | | | - | | | | 33,500 |
Foreign sovereign debt | | | 19,379 | | | 9,481 | | | 1,019 | | | - | | | | 29,879 |
Mortgage trading loans and asset- backed securities | | | - | | | 11,857 | | | 6,574 | | | - | | | | 18,431 |
Total trading account assets | | | 70,915 | | | 106,734 | | | 27,189 | | | - | | | | 204,838 |
Derivative assets | | | 7,277 | | | 1,783,914 | | | 28,654 | | | (1,724,990 | ) | | | 94,855 |
Available-for-sale debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. Treasury securities and agency debentures | | | 23,442 | | | 3,527 | | | - | | | - | | | | 26,969 |
Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Agency MBS | | | - | | | 123,495 | | | - | | | - | | | | 123,495 |
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations | | | - | | | 16,120 | | | - | | | - | | | | 16,120 |
Non-agency MBS | | | - | | | 33,938 | | | 7,016 | | | - | | | | 40,954 |
Foreign securities | | | 128 | | | 3,395 | | | 637 | | | - | | | | 4,160 |
Corporate/Agency bonds | | | - | | | 4,831 | | | 1,056 | | | - | | | | 5,887 |
Other taxable securities | | | 1,508 | | | 11,799 | | | 5,332 | | | - | | | | 18,639 |
Tax-exempt securities | | | - | | | 8,819 | | | 2,157 | | | - | | | | 10,976 |
Total available-for-sale debt securities | | | 25,078 | | | 205,924 | | | 16,198 | | | - | | | | 247,200 |
Loans and leases(2) | | | - | | | - | | | 6,197 | | | - | | | | 6,197 |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | - | | | - | | | 17,539 | | | - | | | | 17,539 |
Loans held-for-sale | | | - | | | 21,660 | | | 7,143 | | | - | | | | 28,803 |
Other assets(3) | | | 30,481 | | | 25,878 | | | 7,307 | | | - | | | | 63,666 |
Total assets | | $ | 133,751 | | $ | 2,210,328 | | $ | 110,227 | | $ | (1,724,990 | ) | | $ | 729,316 |
| | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest-bearing deposits in domestic offices | | $ | - | | $ | 1,652 | | $ | - | | $ | - | | | $ | 1,652 |
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase | | | - | | | 51,804 | | | - | | | - | | | | 51,804 |
Trading account liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. government and agency securities | | | 20,150 | | | 5,137 | | | - | | | - | | | | 25,287 |
Equity securities | | | 11,471 | | | 7,089 | | | - | | | - | | | | 18,560 |
Foreign sovereign debt | | | 18,990 | | | 687 | | | 395 | | | - | | | | 20,072 |
Corporate securities and other | | | 408 | | | 7,329 | | | 16 | | | - | | | | 7,753 |
Total trading account liabilities | | | 51,019 | | | 20,242 | | | 411 | | | - | | | | 71,672 |
Derivative liabilities | | | 7,442 | | | 1,748,586 | | | 20,124 | | | (1,723,528 | ) | | | 52,624 |
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings | | | - | | | 568 | | | - | | | - | | | | 568 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | | | 14,849 | | | 898 | | | 1,742 | | | - | | | | 17,489 |
Long-term debt | | | - | | | 38,883 | | | 5,084 | | | - | | | | 43,967 |
Total liabilities | | $ | 73,310 | | $ | 1,862,633 | | $ | 27,361 | | $ | (1,723,528 | ) | | $ | 239,776 |
(1) | Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Corporation to settle positive and negative positions and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties. |
(2) | Loans and leases at September 30, 2009 included $21.9 billion of leases that were not eligible for the fair value option as leases are specifically excluded from fair value option. |
(3) | Other assets is primarily comprised of AFS equity securities and other equity investments. Substantially all of other assets are eligible for, and the Corporation has not chosen to elect, fair value accounting at September 30, 2009. |
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Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2008, including financial instruments which the Corporation accounts for at fair value under the fair value option, are summarized in the table below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2008 |
| | Fair Value Measurements Using | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Netting Adjustments (1) | | | Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | | $ | - | | $ | 2,330 | | $ | - | | $ | - | | | $ | 2,330 |
Trading account assets | | | 44,571 | | | 83,011 | | | 6,733 | | | - | | | | 134,315 |
Derivative assets | | | 2,109 | | | 1,525,106 | | | 8,289 | | | (1,473,252 | ) | | | 62,252 |
Available-for-sale debt securities | | | 2,789 | | | 255,413 | | | 18,702 | | | - | | | | 276,904 |
Loans and leases(2) | | | - | | | - | | | 5,413 | | | - | | | | 5,413 |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | - | | | - | | | 12,733 | | | - | | | | 12,733 |
Loans held-for-sale | | | - | | | 15,582 | | | 3,382 | | | - | | | | 18,964 |
Other assets(3) | | | 25,407 | | | 25,549 | | | 4,157 | | | - | | | | 55,113 |
Total assets | | $ | 74,876 | | $ | 1,906,991 | | $ | 59,409 | | $ | (1,473,252 | ) | | $ | 568,024 |
| | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest-bearing deposits in domestic offices | | $ | - | | $ | 1,717 | | $ | - | | $ | - | | | $ | 1,717 |
Trading account liabilities | | | 37,410 | | | 14,313 | | | - | | | - | | | | 51,723 |
Derivative liabilities | | | 4,872 | | | 1,488,509 | | | 6,019 | | | (1,468,691 | ) | | | 30,709 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | | | 5,602 | | | - | | | 1,940 | | | - | | | | 7,542 |
Total liabilities | | $ | 47,884 | | $ | 1,504,539 | | $ | 7,959 | | $ | (1,468,691 | ) | | $ | 91,691 |
(1) | Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Corporation to settle positive and negative positions and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties. |
(2) | Loans and leases at December 31, 2008 included $22.4 billion of leases that were not eligible for the fair value option as leases are specifically excluded from fair value option. |
(3) | Other assets is primarily comprised of AFS equity securities and other equity investments. Substantially all of other assets are eligible for, and the Corporation has not chosen to elect, fair value accounting at December 31, 2008. |
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The tables below present a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, including realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings and OCI.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Balance July 1, 2009 | | | Gains (Losses) included in Earnings | | | Gains included in OCI | | Purchases, Issuances, and Settlements | | | Transfers in to / out of Level 3 | | | Balance September 30, 2009 | |
Trading account assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate securities, trading loans, and other | | $ | 8,578 | | | $ | 505 | | | $ | - | | $ | 3,411 | | | $ | 524 | | | $ | 13,018 | |
Equity securities | | | 7,433 | | | | (1 | ) | | | - | | | (545 | ) | | | (309 | ) | | | 6,578 | |
Foreign sovereign debt | | | 865 | | | | 60 | | | | - | | | - | | | | 94 | | | | 1,019 | |
Mortgage trading loans and asset-backed securities | | | 8,743 | | | | 12 | | | | - | | | (3,319 | ) | | | 1,138 | | | | 6,574 | |
Total trading account assets | | | 25,619 | | | | 576 | | | | | | | (453 | ) | | | 1,447 | | | | 27,189 | |
Net derivative assets(1) | | | 9,401 | | | | 787 | | | | - | | | (3,280 | ) | | | 1,622 | | | | 8,530 | |
Available-for-sale debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-agency MBS | | | 8,897 | | | | (446 | ) | | | 2 | | | (1,936 | ) | | | 499 | | | | 7,016 | |
Foreign securities | | | 1,061 | | | | - | | | | 51 | | | (94 | ) | | | (381 | ) | | | 637 | |
Corporate/Agency bonds | | | 1,942 | | | | - | | | | 23 | | | 559 | | | | (1,468 | ) | | | 1,056 | |
Other taxable securities | | | 7,776 | | | | (16 | ) | | | 88 | | | (2,169 | ) | | | (347 | ) | | | 5,332 | |
Tax-exempt securities | | | 2,106 | | | | - | | | | 7 | | | (569 | ) | | | 613 | | | | 2,157 | |
Total available-for-sale debt securities | | | 21,782 | | | | (462 | ) | | | 171 | | | (4,209 | ) | | | (1,084 | ) | | | 16,198 | |
Loans and leases(2) | | | 6,962 | | | | 429 | | | | - | | | (1,194 | ) | | | - | | | | 6,197 | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | 18,535 | | | | (1,621 | ) | | | - | | | 625 | | | | - | | | | 17,539 | |
Loans held-for-sale(2) | | | 7,313 | | | | 141 | | | | - | | | (691 | ) | | | 380 | | | | 7,143 | |
Other assets(3) | | | 6,792 | | | | 635 | | | | - | | | (163 | ) | | | 43 | | | | 7,307 | |
Trading account liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign sovereign debt | | | (352 | ) | | | (39 | ) | | | - | | | - | | | | (4 | ) | | | (395 | ) |
Corporate securities and other | | | (7 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | 8 | | | | (17 | ) | | | (16 | ) |
Total trading account liabilities | | | (359 | ) | | | (39 | ) | | | - | | | 8 | | | | (21 | ) | | | (411 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(2) | | | (2,063 | ) | | | 258 | | | | - | | | 63 | | | | - | | | | (1,742 | ) |
Long-term debt(2) | | | (5,289 | ) | | | (561 | ) | | | - | | | 365 | | | | 401 | | | | (5,084 | ) |
(1) | Net derivatives at September 30, 2009 included derivative assets of $28.7 billion and derivative liabilities of $20.1 billion. |
(2) | Amounts represent items which are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option including commercial loan commitments, certain loans held-for-sale, structured notes that are recorded as long-term debt, and secured financings recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities. |
(3) | Other assets is primarily comprised of AFS equity securities and other equity investments. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Balance July 1, 2008 | | | Countrywide acquisition | | | Gains (losses) included in Earnings | | | Gains (losses) included in OCI | | | Purchases, Issuances, and Settlements | | | Transfers in to / out of Level 3 | | | Balance September 30, 2008 | |
Trading account assets | | $ | 5,646 | | | $ | - | | | $ | (1,308 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | (47 | ) | | $ | 2,632 | | | $ | 6,923 | |
Net derivative assets(1) | | | 1,317 | | | | (185 | ) | | | 1,795 | | | | - | | | | (425 | ) | | | (790 | ) | | | 1,712 | |
Available-for-sale debt securities | | | 8,324 | | | | 528 | | | | (802 | ) | | | (556 | ) | | | 1,468 | | | | 767 | | | | 9,729 | |
Loans and leases(2) | | | 5,014 | | | | - | | | | (179 | ) | | | - | | | | 548 | | | | - | | | | 5,383 | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | 4,250 | | | | 17,188 | | | | (179 | ) | | | - | | | | (448 | ) | | | - | | | | 20,811 | |
Loans held-for-sale(2) | | | 2,012 | | | | 1,425 | | | | (275 | ) | | | - | | | | (219 | ) | | | 545 | | | | 3,488 | |
Other assets(3) | | | 4,012 | | | | 1,407 | | | | (368 | ) | | | - | | | | (529 | ) | | | - | | | | 4,522 | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(2) | | | (723 | ) | | | (1,212 | ) | | | 22 | | | | - | | | | 59 | | | | - | | | | (1,854 | ) |
(1) | Net derivatives at September 30, 2008 included derivative assets of $9.0 billion and derivative liabilities of $7.4 billion. |
(2) | Amounts represent items which are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option including commercial loans, loan commitments and loans held-for-sale. |
(3) | Other assets is primarily comprised of AFS equity securities and other equity investments. |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Balance January 1, 2009 | | | Merrill Lynch Acquisition | | | Gains (Losses) included in Earnings | | | Gains (losses) included in OCI | | | Purchases, Issuances, and Settlements | | | Transfers in to / out of Level 3 | | | Balance September 30, 2009 | |
Trading account assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate securities, trading loans, and other | | $ | 4,540 | | | $ | 7,012 | | | $ | 233 | | | $ | - | | | $ | (34 | ) | | $ | 1,267 | | | $ | 13,018 | |
Equity securities | | | 546 | | | | 3,848 | | | | (279 | ) | | | - | | | | 2,998 | | | | (535 | ) | | | 6,578 | |
Foreign sovereign debt | | | - | | | | 30 | | | | 124 | | | | - | | | | 10 | | | | 855 | | | | 1,019 | |
Mortgage trading loans and asset- backed securities | | | 1,647 | | | | 7,294 | | | | (277 | ) | | | - | | | | (1,576 | ) | | | (514 | ) | | | 6,574 | |
Total trading account assets | | | 6,733 | | | | 18,184 | | | | (199 | ) | | | - | | | | 1,398 | | | | 1,073 | | | | 27,189 | |
Net derivative assets(1) | | | 2,270 | | | | 2,307 | | | | 5,061 | | | | - | | | | (7,271 | ) | | | 6,163 | | | | 8,530 | |
Available-for-sale debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-agency MBS | | | 6,096 | | | | 2,509 | | | | (1,186 | ) | | | 2,111 | | | | (3,614 | ) | | | 1,100 | | | | 7,016 | |
Foreign securities | | | 1,247 | | | | - | | | | (79 | ) | | | (48 | ) | | | (102 | ) | | | (381 | ) | | | 637 | |
Corporate/Agency bonds | | | 1,598 | | | | - | | | | (49 | ) | | | 118 | | | | 510 | | | | (1,121 | ) | | | 1,056 | |
Other taxable securities | | | 9,599 | | | | - | | | | (36 | ) | | | 575 | | | | (3,316 | ) | | | (1,490 | ) | | | 5,332 | |
Tax-exempt securities | | | 162 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 32 | | | | 723 | | | | 1,240 | | | | 2,157 | |
Total available-for-sale debt securities | | | 18,702 | | | | 2,509 | | | | (1,350 | ) | | | 2,788 | | | | (5,799 | ) | | | (652 | ) | | | 16,198 | |
Loans and leases(2) | | | 5,413 | | | | 2,452 | | | | 585 | | | | - | | | | (2,253 | ) | | | - | | | | 6,197 | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | 12,733 | | | | 209 | | | | 3,306 | | | | - | | | | 1,291 | | | | - | | | | 17,539 | |
Loans held-for-sale(2) | | | 3,382 | | | | 3,872 | | | | 274 | | | | - | | | | (645 | ) | | | 260 | | | | 7,143 | |
Other assets(3) | | | 4,157 | | | | 2,696 | | | | 643 | | | | - | | | | (242 | ) | | | 53 | | | | 7,307 | |
Trading account liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign sovereign debt | | | - | | | | - | | | | (65 | ) | | | - | | | | 18 | | | | (348 | ) | | | (395 | ) |
Corporate securities and other | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1 | | | | (17 | ) | | | (16 | ) |
Total trading account liabilities | | | - | | | | - | | | | (65 | ) | | | - | | | | 19 | | | | (365 | ) | | | (411 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(2) | | | (1,940 | ) | | | (1,337 | ) | | | 1,379 | | | | - | | | | 117 | | | | 39 | | | | (1,742 | ) |
Long-term debt(2) | | | - | | | | (7,481 | ) | | | (2,165 | ) | | | - | | | | 314 | | | | 4,248 | | | | (5,084 | ) |
(1) | Net derivatives at September 30, 2009 included derivative assets of $28.7 billion and derivative liabilities of $20.1 billion. Net derivatives acquired in connection with the acquisition of Merrill Lynch on January 1, 2009 included derivative assets of $37.3 billion and derivative liabilities of $35.0 billion. |
(2) | Amounts represent items which are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option including commercial loan commitments, certain loans held-for-sale, structured notes that are recorded as long-term debt, and secured financings recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities. |
(3) | Other assets is primarily comprised of AFS equity securities and other equity investments. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Balance January 1, 2008 | | | Countrywide acquisition | | | Gains (losses) included in Earnings | | | Gains (losses) included in OCI | | | Purchases, Issuances, and Settlements | | | Transfers in to /out of Level 3 | | | Balance September 30, 2008 | |
Trading account assets | | $ | 4,027 | | | $ | - | | | $ | (2,079 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | (842 | ) | | $ | 5,817 | | | $ | 6,923 | |
Net derivative assets(1) | | | (1,203 | ) | | | (185 | ) | | | 1,484 | | | | - | | | | 2,048 | | | | (432 | ) | | | 1,712 | |
Available-for-sale debt securities | | | 5,507 | | | | 528 | | | | (1,601 | ) | | | (1,060 | ) | | | 457 | | | | 5,898 | | | | 9,729 | |
Loans and leases(2) | | | 4,590 | | | | - | | | | (249 | ) | | | - | | | | 1,042 | | | | - | | | | 5,383 | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | 3,053 | | | | 17,188 | | | | 409 | | | | - | | | | 161 | | | | - | | | | 20,811 | |
Loans held-for-sale(2) | | | 1,334 | | | | 1,425 | | | | (381 | ) | | | - | | | | (603 | ) | | | 1,713 | | | | 3,488 | |
Other assets(3) | | | 3,987 | | | | 1,407 | | | | 282 | | | | - | | | | (1,010 | ) | | | (144 | ) | | | 4,522 | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (2) | | | (660 | ) | | | (1,212 | ) | | | (41 | ) | | | - | | | | 59 | | | | - | | | | (1,854 | ) |
(1) | Net derivatives at September 30, 2008 included derivative assets of $9.0 billion and derivative liabilities of $7.4 billion. |
(2) | Amounts represent items which are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option including commercial loans, loan commitments and loans held-for-sale. |
(3) | Other assets is primarily comprised of AFS equity securities and other equity investments. |
73
The tables below summarize gains and losses due to changes in fair value, including both realized and unrealized gains (losses), recorded in earnings for Level 3 assets and liabilities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. These amounts include those gains (losses) generated by loans, LHFS, loan commitments and structured notes which are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level 3 – Total Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Equity Investment Income | | Trading Account Profits (Losses) | | | Mortgage Banking Income (1) | | | Other Income (Loss) | | | Total | |
Trading account assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate securities, trading loans, and other | | $ | - | | $ | 505 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | 505 | |
Equity securities | | | - | | | (1 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (1 | ) |
Foreign sovereign debt | | | - | | | 60 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 60 | |
Mortgage trading loans and asset- backed securities | | | - | | | 12 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 12 | |
Total trading account assets | | | - | | | 576 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 576 | |
Net derivative assets | | | - | | | (1,905 | ) | | | 2,692 | | | | - | | | | 787 | |
Available-for-sale debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-agency MBS | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | (446 | ) | | | (446 | ) |
Other taxable securities | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | (16 | ) | | | (16 | ) |
Total available-for-sale debt securities | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | (462 | ) | | | (462 | ) |
Loans and leases(2) | | | - | | | (4 | ) | | | - | | | | 433 | | | | 429 | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | - | | | - | | | | (1,621 | ) | | | - | | | | (1,621 | ) |
Loans held-for-sale(2) | | | - | | | (10 | ) | | | 173 | | | | (22 | ) | | | 141 | |
Other assets | | | 570 | | | - | | | | 65 | | | | - | | | | 635 | |
Trading account liabilities – Foreign sovereign debt | | | - | | | (39 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (39 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(2) | | | - | | | (1 | ) | | | (106 | ) | | | 365 | | | | 258 | |
Long-term debt(2) | | | - | | | (468 | ) | | | - | | | | (93 | ) | | | (561 | ) |
Total | | $ | 570 | | $ | (1,851 | ) | | $ | 1,203 | | | $ | 221 | | | $ | 143 | |
(1) | Mortgage banking income does not reflect impact of Level 1 and Level 2 hedges against MSRs. |
(2) | Amounts represent items which are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level 3 – Total Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Card Income (Loss) | | | Equity Investment Income | | Trading Account Profits (Losses) | | | Mortgage Banking Income (Loss)(1) | | | Other Income (Loss) | | | Total | |
Trading account assets | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | $ | (1,308 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | (1,308 | ) |
Net derivative assets | | | - | | | | - | | | 1,068 | | | | 727 | | | | - | | | | 1,795 | |
Available-for-sale debt securities | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | (25 | ) | | | (777 | ) | | | (802 | ) |
Loans and leases(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | 3 | | | | - | | | | (182 | ) | | | (179 | ) |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | (179 | ) | | | - | | | | (179 | ) |
Loans held-for-sale(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | (165 | ) | | | (110 | ) | | | - | | | | (275 | ) |
Other assets | | | (396 | ) | | | 52 | | | - | | | | (24 | ) | | | - | | | | (368 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | 12 | | | | 15 | | | | (5 | ) | | | 22 | |
Total | | $ | (396 | ) | | $ | 52 | | $ | (390 | ) | | $ | 404 | | | $ | (964 | ) | | $ | (1,294 | ) |
(1) | Mortgage banking income does not reflect impact of Level 1 and Level 2 hedges against MSRs. |
(2) | Amounts represent items which are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. |
74
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level 3 – Total Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Card Income | | Equity Investment Income | | Trading Account Profits (Losses) | | | Mortgage Banking Income (Loss) (1) | | | Other Income (Loss) | | | Total | |
Trading account assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate securities, trading loans, and other | | $ | - | | $ | - | | $ | 233 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | 233 | |
Equity securities | | | - | | | - | | | (279 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (279 | ) |
Foreign sovereign debt | | | - | | | - | | | 124 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 124 | |
Mortgage trading loans and asset-backed securities | | | - | | | - | | | (277 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (277 | ) |
Total trading account assets | | | - | | | - | | | (199 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (199 | ) |
Net derivative assets | | | - | | | - | | | (1,195 | ) | | | 6,256 | | | | - | | | | 5,061 | |
Available-for-sale debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-agency MBS | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | | (12 | ) | | | (1,174 | ) | | | (1,186 | ) |
Foreign securities | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | (79 | ) | | | (79 | ) |
Corporate/Agency bonds | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | (49 | ) | | | (49 | ) |
Other taxable securities | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | (36 | ) | | | (36 | ) |
Total available-for-sale debt securities | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | | (12 | ) | | | (1,338 | ) | | | (1,350 | ) |
Loans and leases(2) | | | - | | | - | | | (11 | ) | | | - | | | | 596 | | | | 585 | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | | 3,306 | | | | - | | | | 3,306 | |
Loans held-for-sale(2) | | | - | | | - | | | (219 | ) | | | 85 | | | | 408 | | | | 274 | |
Other assets | | | 8 | | | 633 | | | (3 | ) | | | 190 | | | | (185 | ) | | | 643 | |
Trading account liabilities – Foreign sovereign debt | | | - | | | - | | | (65 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (65 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(2) | | | - | | | - | | | (2 | ) | | | 27 | | | | 1,354 | | | | 1,379 | |
Long-term debt(2) | | | - | | | - | | | (1,813 | ) | | | - | | | | (352 | ) | | | (2,165 | ) |
Total | | $ | 8 | | $ | 633 | | $ | (3,507 | ) | | $ | 9,852 | | | $ | 483 | | | $ | 7,469 | |
(1) | Mortgage banking income does not reflect impact of Level 1 and Level 2 hedges against MSRs. |
(2) | Amounts represent items which are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level 3 – Total Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Card Income | | | Equity Investment Income | | Trading Account Profits (Losses) | | | Mortgage Banking Income (Loss)(1) | | | Other Income (Loss) | | | Total | |
Trading account assets | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | $ | (2,079 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | (2,079 | ) |
Net derivative assets | | | - | | | | - | | | 718 | | | | 766 | | | | - | | | | 1,484 | |
Available-for-sale debt securities | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | (25 | ) | | | (1,576 | ) | | | (1,601 | ) |
Loans and leases(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | 1 | | | | - | | | | (250 | ) | | | (249 | ) |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | 409 | | | | - | | | | 409 | |
Loans held-for-sale(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | (205 | ) | | | (175 | ) | | | - | | | | (380 | ) |
Other assets | | | (19 | ) | | | 317 | | | - | | | | (24 | ) | | | 8 | | | | 282 | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | 8 | | | | 15 | | | | (64 | ) | | | (41 | ) |
Total | | $ | (19 | ) | | $ | 317 | | $ | (1,557 | ) | | $ | 966 | | | $ | (1,882 | ) | | $ | (2,175 | ) |
(1) | Mortgage banking income does not reflect impact of Level 1 and Level 2 hedges against MSRs. |
(2) | Amounts represent items which are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. |
75
The tables below summarize changes in unrealized gains (losses) recorded in earnings during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 for Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at September 30, 2009 and 2008. These amounts include changes in fair value generated by loans, LHFS, loan commitments and structured notes which are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level 3 – Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Relating to Assets and Liabilities Still Held at Reporting Date | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Card Income (Loss) | | | Equity Investment Income | | Trading Account Profits (Losses) | | | Mortgage Banking Income (Loss) (1) | | | Other Income (Loss) | | | Total | |
Trading account assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate securities, trading loans, and other | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | $ | 340 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | 340 | |
Equity securities | | | - | | | | - | | | 5 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 5 | |
Foreign sovereign debt | | | - | | | | - | | | 61 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 61 | |
Mortgage trading loans and asset-backed securities | | | - | | | | - | | | 113 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 113 | |
Total trading account assets | | | - | | | | - | | | 519 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 519 | |
Net derivative assets | | | - | | | | - | | | (665 | ) | | | 2,706 | | | | - | | | | 2,041 | |
Available-for-sale debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-agency MBS | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | (477 | ) | | | (477 | ) |
Other taxable securities | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | (8 | ) | | | (8 | ) |
Total available-for-sale debt securities | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | (485 | ) | | | (485 | ) |
Loans and leases(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | 509 | | | | 509 | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | (1,922 | ) | | | - | | | | (1,922 | ) |
Loans held-for-sale(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | 154 | | | | 164 | | | | 318 | |
Other assets | | | (10 | ) | | | 525 | | | - | | | | 11 | | | | - | | | | 526 | |
Trading account liabilities ��� Foreign sovereign debt | | | - | | | | - | | | (39 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (39 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | (106 | ) | | | 14 | | | | (92 | ) |
Long-term debt(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | (484 | ) | | | - | | | | (93 | ) | | | (577 | ) |
Total | | $ | (10 | ) | | $ | 525 | | $ | (669 | ) | | $ | 843 | | | $ | 109 | | | $ | 798 | |
(1) | Mortgage banking income does not reflect impact of Level 1 and Level 2 hedges against MSRs. |
(2) | Amounts represent items which are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level 3 – Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Relating to Assets and Liabilities Still Held at Reporting Date | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Card Income (Loss) | | | Equity Investment Income (Loss) | | | Trading Account Profits (Losses) | | | Mortgage Banking Income (Loss)(1) | | | Other Income (Loss) | | | Total | |
Trading account assets | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | (1,306 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | (1,306 | ) |
Net derivative assets | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,480 | | | | 221 | | | | - | | | | 1,701 | |
Available-for-sale debt securities | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (3 | ) | | | (520 | ) | | | (523 | ) |
Loans and leases(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (269 | ) | | | (269 | ) |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (344 | ) | | | - | | | | (344 | ) |
Loans held-for-sale(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (144 | ) | | | (97 | ) | | | - | | | | (241 | ) |
Other assets | | | (323 | ) | | | (92 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (415 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (31 | ) | | | (31 | ) | | | (62 | ) |
Total | | $ | (323 | ) | | $ | (92 | ) | | $ | 30 | | | $ | (254 | ) | | $ | (820 | ) | | $ | (1,459 | ) |
(1) | Mortgage banking income does not reflect impact of Level 1 and Level 2 hedges against MSRs. |
(2) | Amounts represent items which are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. |
76
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level 3 – Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Relating to Assets and Liabilities Still Held at Reporting Date | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Card Income (Loss) | | | Equity Investment Income (Loss) | | Trading Account Profits (Losses) | | | Mortgage Banking Income (Loss) (1) | | | Other Income (Loss) | | | Total | |
Trading account assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate securities, trading loans, and other | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | $ | (111 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | (111 | ) |
Equity securities | | | - | | | | - | | | (269 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (269 | ) |
Foreign sovereign debt | | | - | | | | - | | | 125 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 125 | |
Mortgage trading loans and asset-backed securities | | | - | | | | - | | | (324 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (324 | ) |
Total trading account assets | | | - | | | | - | | | (579 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (579 | ) |
Net derivative assets | | | - | | | | - | | | (1,526 | ) | | | 6,402 | | | | - | | | | 4,876 | |
Available-for-sale debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-agency MBS | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | (12 | ) | | | (860 | ) | | | (872 | ) |
Foreign securities | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | (89 | ) | | | (89 | ) |
Corporate/Agency bonds | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | (14 | ) | | | (14 | ) |
Other taxable securities | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | (78 | ) | | | (78 | ) |
Total available-for-sale debt securities | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | (12 | ) | | | (1,041 | ) | | | (1,053 | ) |
Loans and leases(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | 165 | | | | 165 | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | - | | | | - | �� | | - | | | | 2,470 | | | | - | | | | 2,470 | |
Loans held-for-sale(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | (208 | ) | | | 60 | | | | 457 | | | | 309 | |
Other assets | | | (69 | ) | | | 371 | | | - | | | | 77 | | | | 45 | | | | 424 | |
Trading account liabilities – Foreign sovereign debt | | | - | | | | - | | | (43 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (43 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | 27 | | | | 1,123 | | | | 1,150 | |
Long-term debt(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | (2,266 | ) | | | - | | | | (135 | ) | | | (2,401 | ) |
Total | | $ | (69 | ) | | $ | 371 | | $ | (4,622 | ) | | $ | 9,024 | | | $ | 614 | | | $ | 5,318 | |
(1) | Mortgage banking income does not reflect impact of Level 1 and Level 2 hedges against MSRs. |
(2) | Amounts represent items which are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level 3 –Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Relating to Assets and Liabilities Still Held at Reporting Date | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Card Income | | | Equity Investment Income | | Trading Account Profits (Losses) | | | Mortgage Banking Income (Loss)(1) | | | Other Income (Loss) | | | Total | |
Trading account assets | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | $ | (2,053 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | (2,053 | ) |
Net derivative assets | | | - | | | | - | | | 1,200 | | | | 199 | | | | - | | | | 1,399 | |
Available-for-sale debt securities | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | (3 | ) | | | (1,142 | ) | | | (1,145 | ) |
Loans and leases(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | - | | | | (424 | ) | | | (424 | ) |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | 174 | | | | - | | | | 174 | |
Loans held-for-sale(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | (186 | ) | | | (131 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (318 | ) |
Other assets | | | (223 | ) | | | 60 | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (163 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(2) | | | - | | | | - | | | - | | | | (31 | ) | | | (360 | ) | | | (391 | ) |
Total | | $ | (223 | ) | | $ | 60 | | $ | (1,039 | ) | | $ | 208 | | | $ | (1,927 | ) | | $ | (2,921 | ) |
(1) | Mortgage banking income does not reflect impact of Level 1 and Level 2 hedges against MSRs. |
(2) | Amounts represent items which are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. |
77
Non-recurring Fair Value
Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and are not included in the tables above. These assets and liabilities primarily include loans and leases, LHFS and foreclosed properties. The amounts below represent only balances measured at fair value during the period and still held as of the reporting date.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis | |
| | Period ended September 30, 2009 | | | | Gains (Losses) | |
| | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | | | Three months ended September 30, 2009 | | | Nine months ended September 30, 2009 | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Loans held-for-sale | | $ | 1,524 | | $ | 8,258 | | | | $ | (164 | ) | | $ | (855 | ) |
Loans and leases(1) | | | 405 | | | 5,182 | | | | | (1,344 | ) | | | (3,065 | ) |
Other assets | | | - | | | 60 | | | | | (31 | ) | | | (91 | ) |
Foreclosed properties(2) | | | - | | | 631 | | | | | (116 | ) | | | (323 | ) |
| | | |
| | Period ended September 30, 2008 | | | | Gains (Losses) | |
| | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | | | Three months ended September 30, 2008 | | | Nine months ended September 30, 2008 | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Loans held-for-sale | | $ | 2,550 | | $ | 10,790 | | | | $ | (240 | ) | | $ | (759 | ) |
Loans and leases(1) | | | - | | | 1,500 | | | | | (541 | ) | | | (1,073 | ) |
Foreclosed properties(2) | | | - | | | 1,188 | | | | | (64 | ) | | | (271 | ) |
(1) | Gains (losses) represent charge-offs associated with real estate secured loans that exceed 180 days past due which are netted against the allowance for loan and lease losses. |
(2) | Amounts are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and represent fair value and related losses on foreclosed properties that were written down subsequent to their initial classification as foreclosed properties. |
In addition to the amounts presented in the non-recurring basis table above, on June 26, 2009 the Corporation entered into a joint venture agreement with First Data Corporation creating Banc of America Merchant Services, LLC. The Corporation recorded a pre-tax gain of $3.8 billion in the second quarter of 2009 related to the contribution of its merchant servicing business to the joint venture. The investment in the joint venture was initially recorded in other assets as a Level 3 non-recurring fair value of $4.7 billion and is being accounted for under the equity method of accounting.
Fair Value Option Elections
Corporate Loans and Loan Commitments
The Corporation elected to account for certain large corporate loans and loan commitments which exceeded the Corporation’s single name credit risk concentration guidelines at fair value under the fair value option. Lending commitments, both funded and unfunded, are actively managed and monitored, and, as appropriate, credit risk for these lending relationships may be mitigated through the use of credit derivatives, with the Corporation’s credit view and market perspectives determining the size and timing of the hedging activity. These credit derivatives do not meet the requirements for derivatives designated as hedging instruments and are therefore carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in other income. Electing the fair value option allows the Corporation to account for these loans and loan commitments at fair value which is more consistent with management’s view of the underlying economics and the manner in which they are managed. In addition, accounting for these loans and loan commitments at fair value reduces the accounting asymmetry that would otherwise result from carrying the loans at historical cost and the credit derivatives at fair value.
At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, funded loans which the Corporation has elected to fair value had an aggregate fair value of $6.2 billion and $5.4 billion recorded in loans and leases and an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $7.0 billion and $6.4 billion. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, unfunded loan commitments that the Corporation has elected to fair value both had an aggregate fair value of $1.1 billion recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities and an aggregate committed exposure of $28.6 billion and $16.9 billion. Interest income on these loans is
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recorded in interest and fees on loans and leases. At September 30, 2009, $111 million of these loans were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest and $24 million were classified as nonperforming. At December 31, 2008, none of these loans were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest or had been placed on nonaccrual status.
Loans Held-for-Sale
The Corporation also elected to account for certain loans held-for-sale at fair value. Electing to use fair value allows a better offset of the changes in fair values of the loans and the derivative instruments used to economically hedge them. The Corporation has not elected to fair value other loans held-for-sale primarily because these loans are floating rate loans that are not economically hedged using derivative instruments. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, residential mortgage loans, commercial mortgage loans, and other loans held-for-sale for which the fair value option was elected had an aggregate fair value of $28.8 billion and $19.0 billion and an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $34.4 billion and $20.8 billion. Interest income on these loans is recorded in other interest income. These changes in fair value are mostly offset by hedging activities. An immaterial portion of these amounts was attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk.
Other Assets
Other assets primarily represents non-marketable convertible preferred shares for which the Corporation has economically hedged a majority of the position with derivatives. At September 30, 2009, these assets had a fair value of $272 million.
Securities Financing Agreements
The Corporation elected the fair value option for certain securities financing agreements. The fair value option election was made for certain securities financing agreements based on the tenor of the agreements which reflects the magnitude of the interest rate risk. The majority of securities financing agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities were excluded from the fair value option election as these contracts are generally short-dated and therefore the interest rate risk is not considered significant. At September 30, 2009, securities financing agreements for which the fair value option has been elected had an aggregate fair value of $118.0 billion and a principal balance of $117.5 billion.
Long-term Deposits
The Corporation elected to fair value certain long-term fixed rate deposits which are economically hedged with derivatives. At both September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, these instruments had an aggregate fair value of $1.7 billion and a principal balance of $1.6 billion and $1.7 billion recorded in interest-bearing deposits. Interest paid on these instruments continues to be recorded in interest expense. Election of the fair value option allows the Corporation to reduce the accounting volatility that would otherwise result from the accounting asymmetry created by accounting for the financial instruments at historical cost and the economic hedges at fair value. The Corporation did not elect to fair value other financial instruments within the same balance sheet category because they were not economically hedged using derivatives.
Commercial Paper and Other Short-term Borrowings
The Corporation elected to fair value certain commercial paper and short-term borrowings that were acquired as part of the Merrill Lynch acquisition. This debt is risk managed on a fair value basis. At September 30, 2009, this debt had both an aggregate fair value and principal balance of $568 million recorded in commercial paper and other short-term borrowings.
Long-term Debt
The Corporation elected to fair value certain long-term debt, primarily structured notes that were acquired as part of the Merrill Lynch acquisition. This long-term debt is risk managed on a fair value basis. The majority of the fair value changes on long-term debt is from structured notes with coupon or repayment terms that are linked to the performance of debt and equity securities, indices, currencies or commodities. Except for gains related to changes in the Corporation’s credit spreads, the majority of gains for the quarter ended September 30, 2009 are offset by losses on derivatives that economically hedge this debt and that are accounted for as fair value hedging instruments. The changes in the fair value of liabilities for which the fair value option was elected that was attributable to changes in the Corporation’s credit spreads were losses of $1.8 billion and $3.3 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. Changes in the Corporation’s specific credit risk are derived by isolating fair value changes due to changes in the Corporation’s credit
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spreads as observed in the secondary cash market. At September 30, 2009, this long-term debt had an aggregate fair value of $44.0 billion and a principal balance of $50.7 billion recorded in long-term debt.
Asset-backed Secured Financings
The Corporation elected to fair value certain asset-backed secured financings. At September 30, 2009, these secured financings had an aggregate fair value of $700 million and a principal balance of $1.5 billion recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities. At December 31, 2008, these secured financings had an aggregate fair value of $816 million and a principal balance of $1.6 billion recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities. Using the fair value option election allows the Corporation to reduce the accounting volatility that would otherwise result from the accounting asymmetry created by accounting for the asset-backed secured financings at historical cost and the corresponding mortgage LHFS securing these financings at fair value.
The following table provides information about where changes in the fair value of assets or liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected are included in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gains (Losses) Relating to Assets and Liabilities Accounted for Using Fair Value Option |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 |
(Dollars in millions) | | Corporate Loans and Loan Commitments
| | | Loans Held-for- Sale(1) | | | Securities Financing Agreements | | | Other Assets | | | Long- term Deposits | | | Asset- backed Secured Financings | | | Commercial Paper and Other Short-Term Borrowings | | | Long-Term Debt | | | Total |
| | | | | | | | | |
Trading account profits (losses) | | $ | (5 | ) | | $ | (10 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | 20 | | | $ | (1,362 | ) | | $ | (1,357) |
Mortgage banking income (loss) | | | - | | | | 3,068 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (106 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 2,962 |
Equity investment income (loss) | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (13 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (13) |
Other income (loss) | | | 799 | | | | (60 | ) | | | 19 | | | | - | | | | (96 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (1,842 | ) | | | (1,180) |
Total | | $ | 794 | | | $ | 2,998 | | | $ | 19 | | | $ | (13 | ) | | $ | (96 | ) | | $ | (106 | ) | | $ | 20 | | | $ | (3,204 | ) | | $ | 412 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Trading account profits (losses) | | $ | 15 | | | $ | (176 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | (161) |
Mortgage banking income | | | - | | | | 520 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 15 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 535 |
Other income (loss) | | | (202 | ) | | | (38 | ) | | | (8 | ) | | | - | | | | 43 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (205) |
Total | | $ | (187 | ) | | $ | 306 | | | $ | (8 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | 43 | | | $ | 15 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | 169 |
| |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 |
| | Corporate Loans and Loan Commitments | | | Loans Held-for- Sale(1) | | | Securities Financing Agreements | | | Other Assets | | | Long- term Deposits | | | Asset- backed Secured Financings | | | Commercial Paper and Other Short-Term Borrowings | | | Long-Term Debt | | | Total |
| | | | | | | | | |
Trading account profits (losses) | | $ | (13 | ) | | $ | (258 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | 379 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | (220 | ) | | $ | (3,365 | ) | | $ | (3,477) |
Mortgage banking income | | | - | | | | 5,628 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 27 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 5,655 |
Equity investment income (loss) | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (148 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (148) |
Other income (loss) | | | 2,140 | | | | 487 | | | | (124 | ) | | | - | | | | (16 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | (3,255 | ) | | | (768) |
Total | | $ | 2,127 | | | $ | 5,857 | | | $ | (124 | ) | | $ | 231 | | | $ | (16 | ) | | $ | 27 | | | $ | (220 | ) | | $ | (6,620 | ) | | $ | 1,262 |
| |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Trading account profits (losses) | | $ | 9 | | | $ | (673 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | (664) |
Mortgage banking income | | | - | | | | 637 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 15 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 652 |
Other income (loss) | | | (323 | ) | | | (56 | ) | | | (15 | ) | | | - | | | | 22 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | (372) |
Total | | $ | (314 | ) | | $ | (92 | ) | | $ | (15 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | 22 | | | $ | 15 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | (384) |
(1) | Gains (losses) included in LHFS include the change in fair value attributable to certain closed interest rate lock commitments of $1.8 billion and $4.3 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $386 million and $312 million for the same periods in 2008. This amount is included as part of the LHFS basis upon funding of the loan. |
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|
Note 17 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
The Corporation discloses the estimated fair value of financial instruments including those financial instruments for which the Corporation did not elect the fair value option in accordance with the fair value disclosure requirements for financial instruments. The fair values of such instruments have been derived, in part, by the Corporation’s assumptions, the estimated amount and timing of future cash flows and estimated discount rates. Different assumptions could significantly affect these estimated fair values. Accordingly, the net realizable values could be materially different from the estimates presented below. In addition, the estimates are only indicative of the value of individual financial instruments and should not be considered an indication of the fair value of the Corporation.
The disclosure of the fair value of lease financing arrangements and nonfinancial instruments, including goodwill and intangible assets such as purchased credit card, affinity and trust relationships is not required by GAAP.
The following disclosures represent financial instruments in which the ending balances at September 30, 2009 are not carried at fair value in their entirety on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Short-term Financial Instruments
The carrying value of short-term financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, time deposits placed, federal funds sold and purchased, resale and certain repurchase agreements, commercial paper and other short-term investments and borrowings, approximates the fair value of these instruments. These financial instruments generally expose the Corporation to limited credit risk and have no stated maturities or have short-term maturities and carry interest rates that approximate market. Under the fair value option, the Corporation elected to fair value certain securities financing agreements and commercial paper and other short-term borrowings. SeeNote 16 – Fair Value Disclosures for additional information on these financial instruments.
Loans
Fair values were generally determined by discounting both principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected using an observable discount rate for similar instruments with adjustments that the Corporation believes a market participant would consider in determining fair value. The Corporation estimates the cash flows expected to be collected using internal credit risk, interest rate and prepayment risk models that incorporate the Corporation’s best estimate of current key assumptions, such as default rates, loss severity and prepayment speeds for the life of the loan. Under the fair value option, the Corporation elected to fair value certain large corporate loans which exceeded the Corporation’s single name credit risk concentration guidelines. SeeNote 16 – Fair Value Disclosuresfor additional information on loans for which the Corporation adopted the fair value option.
Deposits
The fair value for certain deposits with stated maturities was calculated by discounting contractual cash flows using current market rates for instruments with similar maturities. The carrying value of foreign time deposits approximates fair value. For deposits with no stated maturities, the carrying amount was considered to approximate fair value and does not take into account the significant value of the cost advantage and stability of the Corporation’s long-term relationships with depositors. Under the fair value option, the Corporation elected to fair value certain long-term fixed rate deposits which are economically hedged with derivatives. SeeNote 16 – Fair Value Disclosures for additional information on these long-term fixed rate deposits.
Long-term Debt
The Corporation uses quoted market prices for its long-term debt when available. When quoted market prices are not available, fair value is estimated based on current market interest rates and credit spreads for debt with similar maturities. Under the fair value option, the Corporation elected to fair value certain structured notes. SeeNote 16 – Fair Value Disclosures for additional information on these structured notes.
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The book and fair values of certain financial instruments at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 | | | | December 31, 2008 |
(Dollars in millions) | | Book Value (1) | | Fair Value | | | Book Value (1) | | Fair Value |
Financial assets(2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans(3) | | $ | 856,779 | | $ | 819,134 | | | | $ | 886,198 | | $ | 841,629 |
Financial liabilities(2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deposits | | | 974,899 | | | 975,808 | | | | | 882,997 | | | 883,987 |
Long-term debt | | | 456,288 | | | 451,532 | | | | | 268,292 | | | 260,291 |
| | | | |
| | (1) | | Loans are presented net of allowance for loan losses. Amounts exclude leases. |
| | (2) | | Includes certain amounts which are accounted for under the fair value option. |
| | (3) | | The fair value is determined based on the present value of future cash flows using credit spreads or risk adjusted rates of return that a buyer of the portfolio would require at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. However, the Corporation expects to collect the principal cash flows underlying the book values as well as the related interest cash flows. |
|
NOTE 18 – Mortgage Servicing Rights |
The Corporation accounts for consumer MSRs at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income in mortgage banking income. The Corporation economically hedges these MSRs with certain derivatives and securities including mortgage-backed securities and U.S. Treasuries. The securities that economically hedge the MSRs are recorded in other assets with changes in the fair value of the securities and the related interest income recorded as mortgage banking income.
The following table presents activity for residential first mortgage MSRs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 18,535 | | | $ | 4,250 | | | | | $ | 12,733 | | | $ | 3,053 | |
Merrill Lynch balance, January 1, 2009 | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | 209 | | | | - | |
Countrywide balance, July 1, 2008 | | | - | | | | 17,188 | | | | | | - | | | | 17,188 | |
Additions | | | 1,738 | | | | 875 | | | | | | 4,693 | | | | 1,910 | |
Impact of customer payments | | | (906 | ) | | | (1,425 | ) | | | | | (2,888 | ) | | | (1,855 | ) |
Other changes in MSR market value | | | (1,828 | ) | | | (77 | ) | | | | | 2,792 | | | | 515 | |
Balance, September 30 | | $ | 17,539 | | | $ | 20,811 | | | | | $ | 17,539 | | | $ | 20,811 | |
Mortgage loans serviced for investors (in billions) | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,726 | | | $ | 1,654 | |
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, other changes in MSR market value were $(1.8) billion and $2.8 billion compared to $(77) million and $515 million for the same periods in 2008. These amounts reflect the change in discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions, mostly due to changes in interest rates, as well as the effect of changes in other assumptions. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, the amounts did not include $207 million and $514 million resulting from lower than expected prepayments. For the same periods in 2008, the amounts did not include $(102) million and $(106) million resulting from higher than expected prepayments. The net amounts of $(1.6) billion and $3.3 billion for the current periods, and $(179) million and $409 million for the comparable periods in 2008 are included in the line “mortgage banking income (loss)” for mortgage servicing rights in the table “Level 3 – Total Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings” inNote 16 – Fair Value Disclosures.
At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the fair value of consumer MSRs was $17.5 billion and $12.7 billion. The Corporation uses an OAS valuation approach to determine the fair value of MSRs which factors in prepayment risk.
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This approach consists of projecting servicing cash flows under multiple interest rate scenarios and discounting these cash flows using risk-adjusted discount rates. The key economic assumptions used in valuations of MSRs include weighted-average lives of the MSRs and the OAS levels.
Key economic assumptions used in determining the fair value of MSRs at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 | | | | | December 31, 2008 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Fixed | | | Adjustable | | | | Fixed | | | Adjustable | |
Weighted-average option adjusted spread | | 1.68 | % | | 5.63 | % | | | | 1.71 | % | | 6.40 | % |
| | | | | |
Weighted-average life, in years | | 4.87 | | | 2.95 | | | | | 3.26 | | | 2.71 | |
The following table presents the sensitivity of the weighted-average lives and fair value of MSRs to changes in modeled assumptions. The sensitivities in the following table are hypothetical and should be used with caution. As the amounts indicate, changes in fair value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of a MSR that continues to be held by the Corporation is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities. Additionally, the Corporation has the ability to hedge interest rate and market valuation fluctuations associated with MSRs. The sensitivities below do not reflect any hedge strategies that may be undertaken to mitigate such risk.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 | |
| | Change in Weighted-average Lives | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Fixed | | | | | Adjustable | | | | | Change in Fair Value | |
Prepayment rates | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Impact of 10% decrease | | 0.30 | | | years | | 0.15 | | | years | | $ | 908 | |
Impact of 20% decrease | | 0.64 | | | | | 0.34 | | | | | | 1,940 | |
| | | | | |
Impact of 10% increase | | (0.26 | ) | | | | (0.13 | ) | | | | | (807 | ) |
Impact of 20% increase | | (0.49 | ) | | | | (0.25 | ) | | | | | (1,530 | ) |
OAS level | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Impact of 100 bps decrease | | n/a | | | | | n/a | | | | | $ | 776 | |
Impact of 200 bps decrease | | n/a | | | | | n/a | | | | | | 1,620 | |
| | | | | |
Impact of 100 bps increase | | n/a | | | | | n/a | | | | | | (714 | ) |
Impact of 200 bps increase | | n/a | | | | | n/a | | | | | | (1,374 | ) |
n/a = not applicable
Commercial and residential reverse mortgage MSRs are accounted for using the amortization method (i.e., lower of cost or market). Commercial and residential reverse mortgage MSRs totaled $311 million and $323 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 and are not included in the tables above.
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|
NOTE 19 – Business Segment Information |
The Corporation reports the results of its operations through six business segments:Deposits, Global Card Services, Home Loans & Insurance, Global Banking, Global MarketsandGlobal Wealth & Investment Management (GWIM), with the remaining operations recorded inAll Other. Effective January 1, 2009, as a result of the Merrill Lynch acquisition, the Corporation changed its basis of presentation from three segments to six segments. The formerGlobal Consumer and Small Business Bankingnow is reflected in three separate business segments: Deposits, Global Card Servicesand Home Loans & Insurance.The former Global Corporate and Investment Bankingnow is divided into Global Bankingand Global Markets.Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. These changes did not have an impact on the previously reported consolidated results of the Corporation. The Corporation may periodically reclassify business segment results based on modifications to its management reporting methodologies and changes in organizational alignment.
Deposits
Deposits includes the results of consumer deposits activities which consist of a comprehensive range of products provided to consumers and small businesses. In addition, Depositsincludes student lending results and the net effect of its ALM activities.Deposits’products include traditional savings accounts, money market savings accounts, CDs and IRAs, and noninterest- and interest-bearing checking accounts. These products provide a relatively stable source of funding and liquidity. The Corporation earns net interest spread revenues from investing this liquidity in earning assets through client-facing lending and ALM activities. The revenue is allocated to the deposit products using a funds transfer pricing process which takes into account the interest rates and maturity characteristics of the deposits.Deposits also generate fees such as account service fees, non-sufficient fund fees, overdraft charges and ATM fees.In addition, Deposits includes the impact of migrating customers, and their related deposit balances, betweenGWIMandDeposits. Net interest income and service fees on such deposits are included subsequent to migration.
In order to better coordinate the consumer payments businesses, the Corporation consolidates consumer and small business card products intoGlobal Card Services; therefore, debit card has moved fromDeposits toGlobal Card Services.
Global Card Services
Global Card Services provides a broad offering of products including U.S. consumer and business card, consumer lending, international card and debit card to consumers and small businesses. The Corporation reportsGlobal Card Services’ results on a managed basis which is consistent with the way that management evaluates the results ofGlobal Card Services. Managed basis assumes that securitized loans were not sold and presents earnings on these loans in a manner similar to the way loans that have not been sold (i.e., held loans) are presented. Loan securitization is an alternative funding process that is used by the Corporation to diversify funding sources. Loan securitization removes loans from the Consolidated Balance Sheet through the sale of loans to an off-balance sheet QSPE which is excluded from the Corporation’s Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP.
The performance of the managed portfolio is important in understandingGlobal Card Services’ results as it demonstrates the results of the entire portfolio serviced by the business. Securitized loans continue to be serviced by the business and are subject to the same underwriting standards and ongoing monitoring as held loans. In addition, excess servicing income is exposed to similar credit risk and repricing of interest rates as held loans.Global Card Services’ managed income statement line items differ from a held basis as follows:
| — | | Managed net interest income includesGlobal Card Services’ net interest income on held loans and interest income on the securitized loans less the internal funds transfer pricing allocation related to securitized loans. |
| — | | Managed noninterest income includesGlobal Card Services’ noninterest income on a held basis less the reclassification of certain components of card income (e.g., excess servicing income) to record securitized net interest income and provision for credit losses. Noninterest income, both on a held and managed basis, also includes the impact of adjustments to the interest-only strips that are recorded in card income as management continues to manage this impact withinGlobal Card Services. |
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| — | | Provision for credit losses represents the provision for credit losses on held loans combined with realized credit losses associated with the securitized loan portfolio. |
Home Loans & Insurance
Home Loans & Insurance provides an extensive line of consumer real estate products and services to customers nationwide.Home Loans & Insurance products include fixed and adjustable rate first-lien mortgage loans for home purchase and refinancing needs, reverse mortgages, home equity lines of credit and home equity loans. First mortgage products are either sold into the secondary mortgage market to investors, while retaining MSRs and the Bank of America customer relationships, or are held on the Corporation’s balance sheet inAll Otherfor ALM purposes.Home Loans & Insurance is not impacted by the Corporation’s mortgage production retention decisions asHome Loans & Insurance is compensated for the decision on a management accounting basis with a corresponding offset recorded inAll Other. In addition,Home Loans & Insurance offers property, casualty, life, disability and credit insurance.Home Loans & Insurance also includes the impact of migrating customers and their related loan balances betweenGWIM andHome Loans & Insurance. Net interest income and noninterest income on such loans are included subsequent to migration.
Global Banking
Global Bankingprovides a wide range of lending-related products and services, integrated working capital management, treasury solutions and investment banking services to clients worldwide. Lending products and services include commercial loans and commitment facilities, real estate lending, leasing, trade finance, short-term credit facilities and asset-based lending and indirect consumer loans. Capital management and treasury solutions include treasury management, foreign exchange and short-term investing options. Investment banking services provide the Corporation’s commercial and corporate issuer clients with debt and equity underwriting and distribution capabilities as well as merger-related and other advisory services.Global Banking also includes the results for the economic hedging of the credit risk to certain exposures utilizing various risk mitigation tools. Product specialists withinGlobal Markets work closely withGlobal Banking on the underwriting and distribution of debt and equity securities and certain other products. In order to reflect the efforts ofGlobal Markets andGlobal Banking in servicing the Corporation’s clients with the best product capabilities, the Corporation allocates revenue and expenses to the two segments based on relative contribution.
Global Markets
Global Markets provides financial products, advisory services, financing, securities clearing, settlement and custody services globally to institutional investor clients in support of their investing and trading activities.Global Markets also works with commercial and corporate issuer clients to provide debt and equity underwriting and distribution capabilities and risk management products using interest rate, equity, credit, currency and commodity derivatives, foreign exchange, fixed income and mortgage-related products. The business may take positions in these products and participate in market-making activities dealing in government securities, equity and equity-linked securities, high-grade and high-yield corporate debt securities, commercial paper, mortgage-backed securities and ABS. Product specialists withinGlobal Markets work closely withGlobal Banking on the underwriting and distribution of debt and equity securities and certain other products. In order to reflect the efforts ofGlobal Markets andGlobal Banking in servicing the Corporation’s clients with the best product capabilities, the Corporation allocates revenue and expenses to the two segments based on relative contribution.
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Global Wealth & Investment Management
GWIM offers investment and brokerage services, estate management, financial planning services, fiduciary management, credit and banking expertise, and diversified asset management products to institutional clients, as well as affluent and high net-worth individuals.GWIM also reflects the impact of migrating customers, and their related deposit and loan balances, betweenGWIMandDepositsand GWIMand Home Loans & Insurance. Net interest income and noninterest income on such deposits and loans are included subsequent to migration. In addition,GWIM includes the results of the Institutional Retirement, Philanthropy & Investment business, the Corporation’s approximately 48 percent economic ownership of BlackRock, and other miscellaneous items.
All Other
All Other consists of equity investment activities including Global Principal Investments, Corporate Investments and Strategic Investments, the residential mortgage portfolio associated with ALM activities, the residual impact of the cost allocation processes, merger and restructuring charges, and the results of certain businesses that are expected to be or have been sold or are in the process of being liquidated.All Other also includes certain amounts associated with ALM activities and a corresponding “securitization offset” which removes the “securitization impact” of sold loans inGlobal Card Services,in order to present the consolidated results of the Corporation on a GAAP basis (i.e., held basis). Effective January 1, 2009, as part of the Merrill Lynch acquisition,All Other includes the results of First Republic Bank and fair value adjustments related to certain Merrill Lynch structured notes.
Basis of Presentation
Total revenue, net of interest expense, includes net interest income on a FTE basis and noninterest income. The adjustment of net interest income to a FTE basis results in a corresponding increase in income tax expense. The segment results also reflect certain revenue and expense methodologies which are utilized to determine net income. The net interest income of the businesses includes the results of a funds transfer pricing process that matches assets and liabilities with similar interest rate sensitivity and maturity characteristics. Net interest income of the business segments also includes an allocation of net interest income generated by the Corporation’s ALM activities.
The management accounting reporting process derives segment and business results by utilizing allocation methodologies for revenue and expense. The net income derived for the businesses is dependent upon revenue and cost allocations using an activity-based costing model, funds transfer pricing, and other methodologies and assumptions management believes are appropriate to reflect the results of the business.
The Corporation’s ALM activities maintain an overall interest rate risk management strategy that incorporates the use of interest rate contracts to manage fluctuations in earnings that are caused by interest rate volatility. The Corporation’s goal is to manage interest rate sensitivity so that movements in interest rates do not significantly adversely affect net interest income. The results of the business segments will fluctuate based on the performance of corporate ALM activities. ALM activities are recorded in the business segments such as external product pricing decisions, including deposit pricing strategies, the effects of the Corporation’s internal funds transfer pricing process as well as the net effects of other ALM activities. In addition, certain residual impacts of the funds transfer pricing process are retained inAll Other.
Certain expenses not directly attributable to a specific business segment are allocated to the segments based on pre-determined means. The most significant of these expenses include data and item processing costs and certain centralized or shared functions. Data processing costs are allocated to the segments based on equipment usage. Item processing costs are allocated to the segments based on the volume of items processed for each segment. The costs of certain centralized or shared functions are allocated based on methodologies which reflect utilization.
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The following tables present total revenue, net of interest expense, on a FTE basis and net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, and total assets at September 30, 2009 and 2008 for each business segment, as well asAll Other.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Business Segments |
Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Total Corporation(1) | | | Deposits(2) | | | Global Card Services (3) | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | |
Net interest income(4) | | $ | 11,753 | | | $ | 11,920 | | | $ | 1,740 | | | $ | 2,892 | | | $ | 4,995 | | | $ | 4,930 | | | |
Noninterest income | | | 14,612 | | | | 7,979 | | | | 1,926 | | | | 1,833 | | | | 2,332 | | | | 2,823 | | | |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 26,365 | | | | 19,899 | | | | 3,666 | | | | 4,725 | | | | 7,327 | | | | 7,753 | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses(5) | | | 11,705 | | | | 6,450 | | | | 102 | | | | 98 | | | | 6,975 | | | | 5,602 | | | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 510 | | | | 464 | | | | 59 | | | | 75 | | | | 237 | | | | 260 | | | |
Other noninterest expense | | | 15,796 | | | | 11,196 | | | | 2,277 | | | | 2,023 | | | | 1,731 | | | | 2,145 | | | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | (1,646 | ) | | | 1,789 | | | | 1,228 | | | | 2,529 | | | | (1,616 | ) | | | (254 | ) | | |
Income tax expense (benefit)(4) | | | (645 | ) | | | 612 | | | | 430 | | | | 954 | | | | (580 | ) | | | (87 | ) | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (1,001 | ) | | $ | 1,177 | | | $ | 798 | | | $ | 1,575 | | | $ | (1,036 | ) | | $ | (167 | ) | | |
Period-end total assets | | $ | 2,251,043 | | | $ | 1,831,177 | | | $ | 442,274 | | | $ | 397,651 | | | $ | 223,980 | | | $ | 256,885 | | | |
| | | | |
| | Home Loans & Insurance | | | Global Banking | | | Global Markets | | | |
| | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | |
Net interest income(4) | | $ | 1,309 | | | $ | 1,135 | | | $ | 2,784 | | | $ | 2,748 | | | $ | 1,462 | | | $ | 1,286 | | | |
Noninterest income (loss) | | | 2,102 | | | | 2,339 | | | | 1,886 | | | | 1,536 | | | | 4,365 | | | | (1,125 | ) | | |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 3,411 | | | | 3,474 | | | | 4,670 | | | | 4,284 | | | | 5,827 | | | | 161 | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses(5) | | | 2,897 | | | | 818 | | | | 2,340 | | | | 802 | | | | 98 | | | | (24 | ) | | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 13 | | | | 19 | | | | 57 | | | | 55 | | | | 18 | | | | - | | | |
Other noninterest expense | | | 3,028 | | | | 2,722 | | | | 2,201 | | | | 1,794 | | | | 2,310 | | | | 1,120 | | | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | (2,527 | ) | | | (85 | ) | | | 72 | | | | 1,633 | | | | 3,401 | | | | (935 | ) | | |
Income tax expense (benefit)(4) | | | (895 | ) | | | (31 | ) | | | 32 | | | | 609 | | | | 1,211 | | | | (347 | ) | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (1,632 | ) | | $ | (54 | ) | | $ | 40 | | | $ | 1,024 | | | $ | 2,190 | | | $ | (588 | ) | | |
Period-end total assets | | $ | 234,842 | | | $ | 178,956 | | | $ | 381,041 | | | $ | 397,645 | | | $ | 588,641 | | | $ | 350,326 | | | |
| | | | |
| | GWIM(2) | | | All Other(2, 3) | | | | | | |
| | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income(4) | | $ | 1,330 | | | $ | 1,271 | | | $ | (1,867 | ) | | $ | (2,342 | ) | | | | | | | | | | |
��Noninterest income (loss) | | | 2,765 | | | | 299 | | | | (764 | ) | | | 274 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 4,095 | | | | 1,570 | | | | (2,631 | ) | | | (2,068 | ) | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses(5) | | | 515 | | | | 150 | | | | (1,222 | ) | | | (996 | ) | | | | | | | | | | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 126 | | | | 55 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other noninterest expense | | | 3,043 | | | | 1,231 | | | | 1,206 | | | | 161 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 411 | | | | 134 | | | | (2,615 | ) | | | (1,233 | ) | | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax expense (benefit)(4) | | | 140 | | | | 54 | | | | (983 | ) | | | (540 | ) | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 271 | | | $ | 80 | | | $ | (1,632 | ) | | $ | (693 | ) | | | | | | | | | | |
Period-end total assets | | $ | 249,110 | | | $ | 180,499 | | | $ | 131,155 | | | $ | 69,215 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | There were no material intersegment revenues. |
| (2) | Total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits). |
| (3) | Global Card Services is presented on a managed basis with a corresponding offset recorded inAll Other. |
| (5) | Provision for credit losses represents: ForGlobal Card Services – Provision for credit losses on held loans combined with realized credit losses associated with the securitized loan portfolio and forAll Other– Provision for credit losses combined with the Global Card Servicessecuritization offset. |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Business Segments |
Nine Months Ended September 30 |
| | Total Corporation(1) | | | Deposits(2) | | | Global Card Services (3) |
| | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 |
Net interest income(4) | | $ | 36,514 | | | $ | 33,148 | | | $ | 5,382 | | | $ | 7,999 | | | $ | 15,312 | | | $ | 14,279 |
Noninterest income | | | 59,017 | | | | 24,848 | | | | 5,178 | | | | 5,183 | | | | 6,869 | | | | 8,923 |
|
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 95,531 | | | | 57,996 | | | | 10,560 | | | | 13,182 | | | | 22,181 | | | | 23,202 |
| | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses(5) | | | 38,460 | | | | 18,290 | | | | 289 | | | | 293 | | | | 23,157 | | | | 14,314 |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 1,546 | | | | 1,357 | | | | 181 | | | | 224 | | | | 687 | | | | 771 |
Other noninterest expense | | | 48,782 | | | | 29,225 | | | | 7,137 | | | | 6,342 | | | | 5,337 | | | | 6,209 |
|
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 6,743 | | | | 9,124 | | | | 2,953 | | | | 6,323 | | | | (7,000 | ) | | | 1,908 |
Income tax expense (benefit)(4) | | | 273 | | | | 3,327 | | | | 1,041 | | | | 2,374 | | | | (2,473 | ) | | | 664 |
|
Net income (loss) | | $ | 6,470 | | | $ | 5,797 | | | $ | 1,912 | | | $ | 3,949 | | | $ | (4,527 | ) | | $ | 1,244 |
|
Period-end total assets | | $ | 2,251,043 | | | $ | 1,831,177 | | | $ | 442,274 | | | $ | 397,651 | | | $ | 223,980 | | | $ | 256,885 |
|
| | | |
| | Home Loans & Insurance | | | Global Banking | | | Global Markets |
| | | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 |
Net interest income(4) | | $ | 3,691 | | | $ | 2,305 | | | $ | 8,378 | | | $ | 7,641 | | | $ | 4,870 | | | $ | 3,618 |
Noninterest income (loss) | | | 9,410 | | | | 3,753 | | | | 9,722 | | | | 5,096 | | | | 12,366 | | | | (2,894) |
|
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 13,101 | | | | 6,058 | | | | 18,100 | | | | 12,737 | | | | 17,236 | | | | 724 |
| | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses(5) | | | 8,995 | | | | 4,664 | | | | 6,772 | | | | 1,728 | | | | 148 | | | | (63) |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 50 | | | | 19 | | | | 185 | | | | 165 | | | | 53 | | | | 1 |
Other noninterest expense | | | 8,469 | | | | 4,192 | | | | 6,946 | | | | 5,340 | | | | 7,909 | | | | 2,801 |
|
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | (4,413 | ) | | | (2,817 | ) | | | 4,197 | | | | 5,504 | | | | 9,126 | | | | (2,015) |
Income tax expense (benefit)(4) | | | (1,563 | ) | | | (1,042 | ) | | | 1,494 | | | | 2,064 | | | | 3,099 | | | | (752) |
|
Net income (loss) | | $ | (2,850 | ) | | $ | (1,775 | ) | | $ | 2,703 | | | $ | 3,440 | | | $ | 6,027 | | | $ | (1,263) |
|
Period-end total assets | | $ | 234,842 | | | $ | 178,956 | | | $ | 381,041 | | | $ | 397,645 | | | $ | 588,641 | | | $ | 350,326 |
|
| | | |
| | GWIM(2) | | | All Other(2, 3) | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | | | | |
Net interest income(4) | | $ | 4,280 | | | $ | 3,449 | | | $ | (5,399 | ) | | $ | (6,143 | ) | | | | | | | |
Noninterest income | | | 8,326 | | | | 2,370 | | | | 7,146 | | | | 2,417 | | | | | | | | |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 12,606 | | | | 5,819 | | | | 1,747 | | | | (3,726 | ) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses(5) | | | 1,007 | | | | 512 | | | | (1,908 | ) | | | (3,158 | ) | | | | | | | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 390 | | | | 175 | | | | - | | | | 2 | | | | | | | | |
Other noninterest expense | | | 9,357 | | | | 3,666 | | | | 3,627 | | | | 675 | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 1,852 | | | | 1,466 | | | | 28 | | | | (1,245 | ) | | | | | | | |
Income tax expense (benefit) (4) | | | 650 | | | | 553 | | | | (1,975 | ) | | | (534 | ) | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 1,202 | | | $ | 913 | | | $ | 2,003 | | | $ | (711 | ) | | | | | | | |
Period-end total assets | | $ | 249,110 | | | $ | 180,499 | | | $ | 131,155 | | | $ | 69,215 | | | | | | | | |
|
| (1) | There were no material intersegment revenues. |
| (2) | Total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits). |
| (3) | Global Card Services is presented on a managed basis with a corresponding offset recorded inAll Other. |
| (5) | Provision for credit losses represents: ForGlobal Card Services – Provision for credit losses on held loans combined with realized credit losses associated with the securitized loan portfolio and forAll Other– Provision for credit losses combined with the Global Card Servicessecuritization offset. |
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Global Card Services is reported on a managed basis which includes a “securitization impact” adjustment which has the effect of presenting securitized loans in a manner similar to the way loans that have not been sold are presented.All Other’s results include a corresponding “securitization offset” which removes the impact of these securitized loans in order to present the consolidated results of the Corporation on a held basis. The tables below reconcileGlobal Card ServicesandAll Other to a held basis by reclassifying net interest income, all other income and realized credit losses associated with the securitized loans to card income.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Global Card Services – Reconciliation |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | | | | Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 |
(Dollars in millions) | | Managed Basis(1) | | | Securitization Impact(2) | | | Held Basis | | | | | Managed Basis(1) | | | Securitization Impact(2) | | | Held Basis |
Net interest income(3) | | $ | 4,995 | | | $ | (2,275 | ) | | $ | 2,720 | | | | | $ | 4,930 | | | $ | (2,207 | ) | | $ | 2,723 |
Noninterest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Card income | | | 2,183 | | | | (1,007 | ) | | | 1,176 | | | | | | 2,289 | | | | 507 | | | | 2,796 |
All other income | | | 149 | | | | (26 | ) | | | 123 | | | | | | 534 | | | | (54 | ) | | | 480 |
Total noninterest income | | | 2,332 | | | | (1,033 | ) | | | 1,299 | | | | | | 2,823 | | | | 453 | | | | 3,276 |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 7,327 | | | | (3,308 | ) | | | 4,019 | | | | | | 7,753 | | | | (1,754 | ) | | | 5,999 |
Provision for credit losses | | | 6,975 | | | | (3,308 | ) | | | 3,667 | | | | | | 5,602 | | | | (1,754 | ) | | | 3,848 |
Noninterest expense | | | 1,968 | | | | - | | | | 1,968 | | | | | | 2,405 | | | | - | | | | 2,405 |
Loss before income taxes | | | (1,616 | ) | | | - | | | | (1,616 | ) | | | | | (254 | ) | | | - | | | | (254) |
Income tax benefit (3) | | | (580 | ) | | | - | | | | (580 | ) | | | | | (87 | ) | | | - | | | | (87) |
Net loss | | $ | (1,036 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | (1,036 | ) | | | | $ | (167 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | (167) |
|
| | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 |
| | Managed Basis(1) | | | Securitization Impact(2) | | | Held Basis | | | | | Managed Basis(1) | | | Securitization Impact(2) | | | Held Basis |
Net interest income(3) | | $ | 15,312 | | | $ | (7,024 | ) | | $ | 8,288 | | | | | $ | 14,279 | | | $ | (6,402 | ) | | $ | 7,877 |
Noninterest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Card income | | | 6,462 | | | | (1,355 | ) | | | 5,107 | | | | | | 7,564 | | | | 1,768 | | | | 9,332 |
All other income | | | 407 | | | | (94 | ) | | | 313 | | | | | | 1,359 | | | | (179 | ) | | | 1,180 |
Total noninterest income | | | 6,869 | | | | (1,449 | ) | | | 5,420 | | | | | | 8,923 | | | | 1,589 | | | | 10,512 |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 22,181 | | | | (8,473 | ) | | | 13,708 | | | | | | 23,202 | | | | (4,813 | ) | | | 18,389 |
Provision for credit losses | | | 23,157 | | | | (8,473 | ) | | | 14,684 | | | | | | 14,314 | | | | (4,813 | ) | | | 9,501 |
Noninterest expense | | | 6,024 | | | | - | | | | 6,024 | | | | | | 6,980 | | | | - | | | | 6,980 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | (7,000 | ) | | | - | | | | (7,000 | ) | | | | | 1,908 | | | | - | | | | 1,908 |
Income tax expense (benefit) (3) | | | (2,473 | ) | | | - | | | | (2,473 | ) | | | | | 664 | | | | - | | | | 664 |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (4,527 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | (4,527 | ) | | | | $ | 1,244 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 1,244 |
|
| (1) | Provision for credit losses represents provision for credit losses on held loans combined with realized credit losses associated with the securitized loan portfolio. |
| (2) | The securitization impact on net interest income is on a funds transfer pricing methodology consistent with the way funding costs are allocated to the businesses. |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
All Other – Reconciliation | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | | | | Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Reported Basis(1) | | | Securitization Offset(2) | | As Adjusted | | | | | Reported Basis(1) | | | Securitization Offset(2) | | | As Adjusted | |
Net interest income(3) | | $ | (1,867 | ) | | $ | 2,275 | | $ | 408 | | | | | $ | (2,342 | ) | | $ | 2,207 | | | $ | (135 | ) |
Noninterest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Card income (loss) | | | (720 | ) | | | 1,007 | | | 287 | | | | | | 538 | | | | (507 | ) | | | 31 | |
Equity investment income (loss) | | | 886 | | | | - | | | 886 | | | | | | (327 | ) | | | - | | | | (327 | ) |
Gains (losses) on sales of debt securities | | | 1,441 | | | | - | | | 1,441 | | | | | | (3 | ) | | | - | | | | (3 | ) |
All other income (loss) | | | (2,371 | ) | | | 26 | | | (2,345 | ) | | | | | 66 | | | | 54 | | | | 120 | |
Total noninterest income (loss) | | | (764 | ) | | | 1,033 | | | 269 | | | | | | 274 | | | | (453 | ) | | | (179 | ) |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | (2,631 | ) | | | 3,308 | | | 677 | | | | | | (2,068 | ) | | | 1,754 | | | | (314 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | (1,222 | ) | | | 3,308 | | | 2,086 | | | | | | (996 | ) | | | 1,754 | | | | 758 | |
Merger and restructuring charges | | | 594 | | | | - | | | 594 | | | | | | 247 | | | | - | | | | 247 | |
All other noninterest expense | | | 612 | | | | - | | | 612 | | | | | | (86 | ) | | | - | | | | (86 | ) |
Loss before income taxes | | | (2,615 | ) | | | - | | | (2,615 | ) | | | | | (1,233 | ) | | | - | | | | (1,233 | ) |
Income tax benefit (3) | | | (983 | ) | | | - | | | (983 | ) | | | | | (540 | ) | | | - | | | | (540 | ) |
Net loss | | $ | (1,632 | ) | | $ | - | | $ | (1,632 | ) | | | | $ | (693 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | (693 | ) |
| | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 | |
| | Reported Basis(1) | | | Securitization Offset(2) | | As Adjusted | | | | | Reported Basis(1) | | | Securitization Offset(2) | | | As Adjusted | |
Net interest income(3) | | $ | (5,399 | ) | | $ | 7,024 | | $ | 1,625 | | | | | $ | (6,143 | ) | | $ | 6,402 | | | $ | 259 | |
Noninterest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Card income (loss) | | | (464 | ) | | | 1,355 | | | 891 | | | | | | 1,797 | | | | (1,768 | ) | | | 29 | |
Equity investment income | | | 8,191 | | | | - | | | 8,191 | | | | | | 651 | | | | - | | | | 651 | |
Gains on sales of debt securities | | | 3,584 | | | | - | | | 3,584 | | | | | | 349 | | | | - | | | | 349 | |
All other income (loss) | | | (4,165 | ) | | | 94 | | | (4,071 | ) | | | | | (380 | ) | | | 179 | | | | (201 | ) |
| |
Total noninterest income | | | 7,146 | | | | 1,449 | | | 8,595 | | | | | | 2,417 | | | | (1,589 | ) | | | 828 | |
| |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 1,747 | | | | 8,473 | | | 10,220 | | | | | | (3,726 | ) | | | 4,813 | | | | 1,087 | |
| | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | (1,908 | ) | | | 8,473 | | | 6,565 | | | | | | (3,158 | ) | | | 4,813 | | | | 1,655 | |
Merger and restructuring charges | | | 2,188 | | | | - | | | 2,188 | | | | | | 629 | | | | - | | | | 629 | |
All other noninterest expense | | | 1,439 | | | | - | | | 1,439 | | | | | | 48 | | | | - | | | | 48 | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 28 | | | | - | | | 28 | | | | | | (1,245 | ) | | | - | | | | (1,245 | ) |
Income tax benefit (3) | | | (1,975 | ) | | | - | | | (1,975 | ) | | | | | (534 | ) | | | - | | | | (534 | ) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 2,003 | | | $ | - | | $ | 2,003 | | | | | $ | (711 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | (711 | ) |
| (1) | Provision for credit losses represents provision for credit losses inAll Othercombined with theGlobal Card Services securitization offset. |
| (2) | The securitization offset to net interest income is on a funds transfer pricing methodology consistent with the way funding costs are allocated to the businesses. |
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The following table presents reconciliations of the six business segments’ (Deposits, Global Card Services, Home Loans & Insurance, Global Markets, Global Banking andGWIM) total revenue, net of interest expense, on a FTE basis and net income to the Consolidated Statement of Income. The adjustments presented in the table below include consolidated income and expense amounts not specifically allocated to individual business segments.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | |
Segments’ total revenue, net of interest expense (1) | | $ | 28,996 | | | $ | 21,967 | | | | | $ | 93,784 | | | $ | 61,722 | |
| | | | | |
Adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
ALM activities | | | (777 | ) | | | 743 | | | | | | 326 | | | | 1,251 | |
| | | | | |
Equity investment income (loss) | | | 886 | | | | (327 | ) | | | | | 8,191 | | | | 651 | |
| | | | | |
Liquidating businesses | | | 343 | | | | 54 | | | | | | 953 | | | | 221 | |
| | | | | |
FTE basis adjustment | | | (330 | ) | | | (278 | ) | | | | | (964 | ) | | | (894 | ) |
| | | | | |
Managed securitization impact to total revenue, net of interest expense | | | (3,308 | ) | | | (1,754 | ) | | | | | (8,473 | ) | | | (4,813 | ) |
| | | | | |
Other | | | 225 | | | | (784 | ) | | | | | 750 | | | | (1,036 | ) |
| | | | | |
Consolidated revenue, net of interest expense | | $ | 26,035 | | | $ | 19,621 | | | | | $ | 94,567 | | | $ | 57,102 | |
| | | | | |
Segments’ net income | | $ | 631 | | | $ | 1,870 | | | | | $ | 4,467 | | | $ | 6,508 | |
| | | | | |
Adjustments, net of taxes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
ALM activities | | | (1,946 | ) | | | (306 | ) | | | | | (4,465 | ) | | | (465 | ) |
| | | | | |
Equity investment income (loss) | | | 558 | | | | (206 | ) | | | | | 5,160 | | | | 410 | |
| | | | | |
Liquidating businesses | | | 128 | | | | 37 | | | | | | 337 | | | | 90 | |
| | | | | |
Merger and restructuring charges | | | (375 | ) | | | (183 | ) | | | | | (1,379 | ) | | | (424 | ) |
| | | | | |
Other | | | 3 | | | | (35 | ) | | | | | 2,350 | | | | (322 | ) |
| | | | | |
Consolidated net income (loss) | | $ | (1,001 | ) | | $ | 1,177 | | | | | $ | 6,470 | | | $ | 5,797 | |
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|
NOTE 20 – Performance by Geographical Area |
Since the Corporation’s operations are highly integrated, certain income, expense, asset and liability amounts must be allocated to arrive at total revenue, net of interest expense, income before income taxes, net income and total assets by geographic area. The Corporation identifies its geographic performance based upon the business unit structure used to manage the capital or expense deployed in the region as applicable. This requires certain judgments related to the allocation of revenue so that it can be appropriately matched with the related expense or capital deployed in the region.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Year | | Total Revenue, Net of Interest Expense (1) | | Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes | | | Net Income (Loss) | | | | | Total Revenue, Net of Interest Expense (1) | | Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes | | | Net Income (Loss) | |
Domestic(2) | | 2009 | | $ | 22,638 | | $ | (3,050 | ) | | $ | (1,769 | ) | | | | $ | 76,224 | | $ | (4,805 | ) | | $ | (377) | |
| | 2008 | | | 18,166 | | | 1,282 | | | | 1,028 | | | | | | 52,892 | | | 7,236 | | | | 5,163 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Asia(3) | | 2009 | | | 464 | | | (161 | ) | | | (101 | ) | | | | | 9,989 | | | 8,017 | | | | 5,050 | |
| | 2008 | | | 272 | | | 73 | | | | 46 | | | | | | 1,020 | | | 503 | | | | 318 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Europe, Middle East and Africa | | 2009 | | | 2,540 | | | 1,010 | | | | 727 | | | | | | 7,208 | | | 1,983 | | | | 1,428 | |
| | 2008 | | | 1,079 | | | 61 | | | | 44 | | | | | | 2,701 | | | 79 | | | | 59 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Latin America and the Caribbean | | 2009 | | | 393 | | | 225 | | | | 142 | | | | | | 1,146 | | | 584 | | | | 369 | |
| | 2008 | | | 104 | | | 95 | | | | 59 | | | | | | 489 | | | 412 | | | | 257 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Foreign | | 2009 | | | 3,397 | | | 1,074 | | | | 768 | | | | | | 18,343 | | | 10,584 | | | | 6,847 | |
| | 2008 | | | 1,455 | | | 229 | | | | 149 | | | | | | 4,210 | | | 994 | | | | 634 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Consolidated | | 2009 | | $ | 26,035 | | $ | (1,976 | ) | | $ | (1,001 | ) | | | | $ | 94,567 | | $ | 5,779 | | | $ | 6,470 | |
| | 2008 | | | 19,621 | | | 1,511 | | | | 1,177 | | | | | | 57,102 | | | 8,230 | | | | 5,797 | |
| (1) | There were no material intercompany revenues between geographic regions for any of the periods presented. |
| (2) | Includes the Corporation’s Canadian operations which had total revenue, net of interest expense of $374 million and $1.1 billion; income before income taxes of $131 million and $326 million; and net income of $85 million and $241 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, respectively. Includes the Corporation’s Canadian operations which had total revenue, net of interest expense of $317 million and $884 million; income before income taxes of $140 million and $394 million; and net income of $96 million and $285 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively. |
| (3) | The nine months ended September 30, 2009 includes pre-tax gains of $7.3 billion ($4.7 billion net-of-tax) on the sale of common shares of the Corporation’s initial investment in CCB. |
| | | | | | |
| | Total Assets(1) |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 |
| | |
Domestic(2) | | $ | 1,897,405 | | $ | 1,678,853 |
| | |
Asia | | | 89,483 | | | 50,567 |
| | |
Europe, Middle East and Africa | | | 239,926 | | | 78,790 |
| | |
Latin America and the Caribbean | | | 24,229 | | | 9,733 |
| | |
Total Foreign | | | 353,638 | | | 139,090 |
| | |
Total Consolidated | | $ | 2,251,043 | | $ | 1,817,943 |
| (1) | Total assets include long-lived assets, which are primarily located in the U.S. |
| (2) | Includes the Corporation’s Canadian operations which had total assets of $24.6 billion and $13.5 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
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Throughout the MD&A, we use certain acronyms and
abbreviations which are defined in the Glossary beginning on page 210.
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
This report on Form 10-Q and the documents into which it may be incorporated by reference may contain, and from time to time our management may make, certain statements that constitute forward-looking statements. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates” and other similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would” and “could” are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not historical facts, but instead represent the current expectations, plans or forecasts of Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries (the Corporation) regarding the Corporation’s integration of the Merrill Lynch and Countrywide acquisitions and related cost savings, future results and revenues, credit losses, credit reserves and charge-offs, delinquency trends, nonperforming assets levels, level of preferred dividends, service charges, the closing of the sale of Columbia Management and First Republic Bank, competitive position, the consolidation of certain VIEs and QSPEs and the related financial statement and regulatory impact and other matters relating to the Corporation and the securities that we may offer from time to time. These statements are not guarantees of future results or performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict and often are beyond the Corporation’s control. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the Corporation’s forward-looking statements.
You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement and should consider the following uncertainties and risks, as well as the risks and uncertainties discussed elsewhere in this report, under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of the Corporation’s 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any of the Corporation’s other subsequent SEC filings: negative economic conditions that adversely affect the general economy, housing prices, the job market, consumer confidence and spending habits which may affect, among other things, the credit quality of our loan portfolios (the degree of the impact of which is dependent upon the duration and severity of these conditions); the Corporation’s modification policies and related results; the level and volatility of the capital markets, interest rates, currency values and other market indices which may affect, among other things, our liquidity and the value of our assets and liabilities and, in turn, our trading and investment portfolios; changes in consumer, investor and counterparty confidence in, and the related impact on, financial markets and institutions; the Corporation’s credit ratings and the credit ratings of our securitizations, which are important to the Corporation’s liquidity, borrowing costs and trading revenues; estimates of fair value of certain of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities, which could change in value significantly from period to period; legislative and regulatory actions in the United States (including the CARD Act of 2009 and related regulations) and internationally which may increase the Corporation’s costs and adversely affect the Corporation’s businesses and economic conditions as a whole; the impact of litigation and regulatory investigations, including costs, expenses, settlements and judgments; various monetary and fiscal policies and regulations of the U.S. and non-U.S. governments; changes in accounting standards, rules and interpretations (including SFAS 166 and 167) and the impact on the Corporation’s financial statements; increased globalization of the financial services industry and competition with other U.S. and international financial institutions; the Corporation’s ability to attract new employees and retain and motivate existing employees; mergers and acquisitions and their integration into the Corporation, including its ability to realize the benefits and costs savings from and limit any unexpected liabilities acquired as a result of the Merrill Lynch acquisition; the Corporation’s reputation; and decisions to downsize, sell or close units or otherwise change the business mix of the Corporation.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Corporation undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statement was made.
The Corporation, headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, operates in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and more than 40 foreign countries. As of September 30, 2009, the Corporation provided a diversified range of banking and nonbanking financial services and products domestically and internationally through six business segments:Deposits, Global Card Services, Home Loans & Insurance,Global Banking, Global MarketsandGlobal Wealth & Investment Management (GWIM).
At September 30, 2009, the Corporation had $2.3 trillion in assets and approximately 282,000 full-time equivalent employees. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements referred to in the MD&A are incorporated by reference into the MD&A. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.
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The economic recession accelerated in late 2008 and continued to deepen into the first half of 2009 but has shown some signs of stabilization and possible improvement toward the end of the third quarter. Consumers experienced high levels of stress from higher unemployment and underemployment as well as further declines in home prices. These factors led to lower consumer spending, negatively impacting growth in the consumer loan portfolio including credit card and real estate. Consumer net charge-offs in our credit card and real estate portfolios increased reflecting deterioration in the economy and housing markets particularly in geographic areas that have experienced the most significant declines in home prices. The commercial portfolio declined as a result of these factors combined with further reductions in spending by businesses and the resurgence of capital markets which allowed corporate clients to issue bonds and equity to replace loans as a source of funding. Higher commercial net charge-offs were driven by commercial real estate, reflecting deterioration across various property types, and the commercial domestic portfolio, reflecting broad-based deterioration in terms of borrowers and industries. In addition to increased net charge-offs, nonperforming assets and commercial criticized utilized exposures were higher which contributed to increased reserves across most portfolios during the nine months ended September 30, 2009. For more information on credit quality, see the Credit Risk Management discussion beginning on page 159.
Capital market conditions showed some signs of improvement during the first nine months of 2009 andGlobal Markets took advantage of the favorable trading environment. However, during the second and third quarters of 2009 our results were adversely impacted by credit spread adjustments on certain Merrill Lynch structured notes and the Corporation’s derivative liabilities as our credit spreads improved. Market dislocations that occurred throughout 2008 continued to impact our results in the first nine months of 2009 but to a lesser extent as we experienced reduced market disruption charges on legacy Bank of America positions compared to the same period in the prior year. We have also reduced certain asset levels inGlobal Markets for balance sheet efficiencies. For more information onGlobal Markets’ results and its related exposures, see thediscussion beginning on page 128 and for more information on the impact of the Merrill Lynch structured notes see theAll Otherdiscussion beginning on page 139.
In addition, our assets under management (AUM) were adversely impacted by the market downturn in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009 which drove lower fees and brokerage commissions. The market downturn showed some signs of improvement in the second and third quarters of 2009. In addition we continued to provide support to certain cash funds during the first nine months of 2009 although to a lesser extent than in the prior year. As of September 30, 2009, all capital commitments to these cash funds have been terminated. For more information onGWIM’sresults and related cash funds supportsee the discussionbeginning on page 133.
The above conditions, together with continued weakness in the overall economy and recent and proposed regulatory changes, will continue to affect many of the markets in which we do business and may adversely impact our results for the remainder of 2009 and into 2010. However, we do not expect the impacts to be as significant as those experienced in the first nine months of 2009. The degree of the impact is dependent upon the timing of the economic recovery.
On October 22, 2009, the House Financial Services Committee proposed the Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009 (CFPA Act of 2009) that would establish the Consumer Financial Protection Agency (CFPA) as an independent executive agency to regulate the provisions under the CFPA Act of 2009 and certain other consumer protection acts. In addition, this CFPA Act of 2009 would require the CFPA to seek to promote transparency, simplicity, fairness, accountability, and access in the market for consumer financial products or services and authorizes the agency to take administrative actions to enforce the provisions in the acts noted above.
In 2008, the FDIC implemented the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (TLGP) to strengthen confidence and encourage liquidity in the banking system by allowing the FDIC to guarantee senior unsecured debt (e.g., promissory notes, unsubordinated unsecured notes and commercial paper) up to prescribed limits, issued by participating entities beginning on October 14, 2008, and continuing through October 31, 2009. The Corporation participated in this program, however, as announced in September 2009, due to improved market liquidity and the Corporation’s ability to issue debt without the FDIC guarantee, the Corporation, with the FDIC’s agreement, has exited the program. The TLGP also offered the Transaction Account Guarantee Program (TAGP) that provides guarantees on noninterest-bearing deposit accounts held at participating FDIC-insured institutions on balances in excess of $250,000. The Corporation is expected to opt out of the six-month extension of the TAGP which extends the program to June 30, 2010 and expects to exit the TAGP effective December 31, 2009. For further discussion on our liquidity and capital, see Liquidity Risk and Capital Management beginning on page 150.
On September 29, 2009, the FDIC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPR) that would require insured institutions to prepay on December 30, 2009 their estimated quarterly risk-based assessments for the fourth quarter of 2009
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and for all of 2010, 2011 and 2012. For the fourth quarter of 2009 and for all of 2010, the prepaid assessment rate would be based on each institution’s total base assessment rate for the third quarter of 2009, modified to assume that the assessment rate in effect for the Corporation on September 30, 2009 had been in effect for the entire third quarter of 2009. The prepaid assessment rates for 2011 and 2012 would be equal to the Corporation’s modified third quarter 2009 total base assessment rate plus three basis points (bps). Each institution’s prepaid assessment base would be calculated using its third quarter 2009 assessment base, adjusted quarterly for an estimated five percent annual growth rate in the assessment base through the end of 2012. In addition, the prepayment will be paid by each of the Corporation’s banking subsidiaries and not by the parent company. As the prepayment is related to future periods it would be recorded as a prepaid asset and recognized as expense over the coverage period. The FDIC expects to issue a final ruling on the NPR during the fourth quarter of 2009.
On September 15, 2009, joint regulatory agencies (e.g., the OCC, Federal Reserve and FDIC) issued an NPR regarding risk-based capital and the impact of adoption of SFAS No. 166, “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets - an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140”(SFAS 166), and SFAS No. 167,“Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)” (SFAS 167), on consolidation of VIEs. The proposed rule considers eliminating the exclusion of certain asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) program assets from risk-weighted assets and provides a reservation of authority to permit the agencies to require banks to treat structures that are not consolidated under the accounting standards as if they were consolidated for risk-based capital purposes, commensurate with the risk relationship of the bank to the structure. The Corporation is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting SFAS 166 and SFAS 167 and this NPR on our risk-based capital levels and ratios. The joint regulatory agencies expect to issue a final ruling on this NPR during the first quarter of 2010.
Pursuant to the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA), the U.S. Treasury announced the creation of the Financial Stability Plan. This plan outlined a series of key initiatives including a new Capital Assistance Program (CAP) to help ensure that banking institutions have sufficient capital. As part of the CAP, we, as well as several other large financial institutions, are subject to the Supervisory Capital Assessment Program (SCAP) conducted by federal regulators. The objective of the SCAP is to assess losses that could occur under certain economic scenarios, including economic conditions more severe than we currently anticipate. As a result of the SCAP, in May 2009, federal regulators determined that the Corporation required an additional $33.9 billion of Tier 1 common capital to sustain the most severe economic circumstances assuming a more prolonged and deeper recession over the next two years than the majority of both private and government economists currently project. We achieved the increased capital requirement during the first half of 2009 through strategic transactions that increased common capital, including the expected reductions in preferred dividends and related reduction in deferred tax asset disallowances, approximately $39.7 billion which significantly exceeded the SCAP buffer. This Tier 1 common capital increase resulted from the exchange of approximately $14.8 billion aggregate liquidation preference of non-government preferred shares into approximately 1.0 billion common shares, an at-the-market offering of 1.25 billion common shares for $13.5 billion, a $4.4 billion benefit (inclusive of associated tax effects) related to the sale of shares of China Construction Bank (CCB), a $3.2 billion benefit (net-of-tax and including an approximate $800 million reduction in goodwill and intangibles) related to the gain from the contribution of our merchant processing business to a joint venture, $1.6 billion due to reduced actual and forecasted preferred dividends throughout 2009 and 2010 related to the exchange of the preferred for common shares and a $2.2 billion reduction in the deferred tax asset disallowance for Tier 1 common capital from the preceding items.
On May 22, 2009, the FDIC adopted a rule designed to replenish the deposit insurance fund. This rule establishes a special assessment of five bps on each FDIC-insured depository institution’s assets minus its Tier 1 capital with a maximum assessment not to exceed 10 bps of an institution’s domestic deposits. This special assessment was calculated based on asset levels at June 30, 2009, and was collected on September 30, 2009. The Corporation recorded a charge of $760 million in the second quarter of 2009 in connection with this assessment. Additionally, beginning April 1, 2009, the FDIC increased fees on deposits based on a revised risk-weighted methodology which increased the base assessment rates.
Additionally, on May 22, 2009, the President signed into law the Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure (CARD) Act of 2009. The majority of the CARD Act provisions will become effective in February 2010. The CARD Act of 2009 calls for many changes to credit card industry practices including significantly restricting banks’ ability to change interest rates and assess fees to reflect individual consumer risk, changing the way payments are applied and requiring changes to consumer credit card disclosures. Under the CARD Act of 2009, banks must give customers 45 days notice prior to a change in terms on their account and the grace period for credit card payments will be extended from 14 days to 21 days. The CARD Act of 2009 will also require banks to review any accounts that were repriced since January 1, 2009 for a possible rate reduction. As announced in October 2009, the Corporation will not increase interest rates on consumer credit accounts in response to provisions in the CARD Act prior to the effective date of the CARD Act unless the customer’s account falls past due or is based on a variable interest rate. The Federal Reserve is in the process of publishing rules that clarify and implement a number of the provisions in this legislation. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2009, the Federal Reserve is expected to issue the final Electronic Funds Transfer Act (i.e., Regulation E) which could negatively
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impact future net revenue growth related to deposits. We continue to review the potential impact these initiatives may have on the Corporation’s consolidated financial results.
On March 16, 2009, the U.S. Treasury announced that it will provide $15 billion to help increase small business owners’ access to credit. As part of this lending initiative, the U.S. Treasury intends to begin making direct purchases of certain securities backed by Small Business Administration (SBA) loans to improve liquidity in the credit markets and it will stand ready to purchase new securities to ensure that financial institutions feel confident in extending new loans to local businesses. The program will also temporarily raise guarantees to up to 90 percent in the SBA’s loan program and temporarily eliminate certain SBA loan fees. The Corporation continues to lend to credit-worthy small business customers through small business credit cards, loans and line of credit products.
On March 4, 2009, the U.S. Treasury provided details related to the $75 billion Making Home Affordable program (MHA). The MHA is focused on reducing the number of foreclosures and making it easier for customers to refinance loans. The MHA consists of two separate programs, the Home Affordable Modification program which provides guidelines on loan modifications, and the Home Affordable Refinance program which provides guidelines for loan refinancing. The Home Affordable Modification program is designed to help up to three to four million at-risk homeowners avoid foreclosure by reducing monthly mortgage payments. This program will provide incentives to lenders to modify all eligible loans that fall under the guidelines of this program. The Home Affordable Refinance program is available to approximately four to five million homeowners who have a proven payment history on an existing mortgage owned by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. The MHA will help eligible homeowners refinance their mortgage loans to take advantage of current lower mortgage rates or to refinance adjustable-rate mortgages into more stable fixed-rate mortgages. We will continue to help our customers address financial challenges through these government programs and the continuation of our own home retention programs as discussed in more detail in Recent Events below.
These regulatory initiatives, among others, present certain risks in managing the results of our businesses. Many of the industry changes, such as the CARD Act of 2009 and potential regulatory reform legislation discussed above, could require us to change certain of our business practices, impose additional costs on us, or otherwise adversely affect our business operations. Recent and proposed regulatory changes, such as the NPR issued by joint regulatory agencies regarding the adoption of SFAS 166 and SFAS 167, TARP and other changes (including exceptional TARP assistance repayment guidelines) may impact our results and financial condition. In response to these risk factors, the Corporation has taken numerous actions to address these risks, including realigning certain committees of the Board of Directors (the Board). For more information regarding these committees see the Managing Risk discussion on page 149. For more information on risk factors please refer to Part II-Item 1A. Risk Factors beginning on page 216.
For additional information related to these regulatory initiatives and other programs, please refer to the detailed discussion provided in Regulatory Initiatives beginning on page 3 of the MD&A filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
On October 28, 2009, the Board declared a regular quarterly cash dividend on common stock of $0.01 per share, payable on December 24, 2009 to common stockholders of record on December 4, 2009. On July 21, 2009, the Board declared a regular quarterly cash dividend on common stock of $0.01 per share, which was paid on September 25, 2009 to common stockholders of record on September 4, 2009. In addition, in October 2009 the Board declared aggregate dividends on preferred stock of $1.0 billion including $713 million in dividend payments to the U.S. government on the preferred stock issued pursuant to the TARP. In the third quarter of 2009, we recorded aggregate dividends on preferred stock of $1.1 billion including $713 million to the U.S. government. For further discussion on our liquidity and capital, see Liquidity Risk and Capital Management beginning on page 150.
On October 21, 2009, the Corporation reached an agreement to sell First Republic Bank (First Republic) to a number of investors, led by First Republic’s existing management, Colony Capital, LLC and General Atlantic, LLC. First Republic, acquired on January 1, 2009 as part of the Merrill Lynch acquisition, provides personalized relationship-based banking services, including private banking, private business banking, real estate lending, trust, brokerage and investment management. First Republic is a standalone bank that operates primarily on the west coast and in the northeast and caters to high-end customers. As of September 30, 2009, First Republic had approximately $19.0 billion in total assets, $16.0 billion in deposits, and $15.0 billion in AUM. The transaction is expected to close in the second quarter of 2010 subject to regulatory approval.
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On September 30, 2009, the Corporation reached an agreement to sell the long-term asset management business of Columbia Management (Columbia) to Ameriprise Financial, Inc., for consideration of approximately $900 million to $1.2 billion subject to certain adjustments including, among other factors, customer retention by the buyer. The sale includes the management ofColumbia’s equity and fixed-income mutual funds and separate accounts. The transaction is expected to close in the second quarter of 2010 and is subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions, including fund board, fund shareholder and other required client approvals.
On September 21, 2009, the Corporation reached an agreement to terminate its term sheet with the U.S. government under which the U.S. government agreed in principle to provide protection against the possibility of unusually large losses on a pool of the Corporation’s financial instruments that were acquired from Merrill Lynch. In connection with the termination of the term sheet, the Corporation paid a total of $425 million in the third quarter to the U.S. government to be allocated among theU.S.Treasury, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC.
To help homeowners avoid foreclosure, we have provided rate relief or agreed to modifications with approximately 215,000 customers during the first nine months of 2009. In addition, through November 1, 2009 over 125,000 Bank of America customers are already in a trial period modification under the MHA program.
In addition to being committed to the loan modification programs, we extended approximately $183.7 billion of credit during the third quarter which was comprised of $95.7 billion in mortgages, $65.5 billion in commercial non-real estate, $8.3 billion in commercial real estate, $4.5 billion in domestic retail and small business credit card, $2.7 billion in home equity products; and approximately $7.0 billion in other consumer credit products. Commercial credit extensions of $73.8 billion included commercial renewals of $50.9 billion.
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Recent Accounting Developments |
On June 12, 2009, the FASB issued two new accounting standards: SFAS 166 and SFAS 167, which will amend FASB ASC 860-10, “Transfers and Servicing,” and FASB ASC 810-10, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” These statements are effective on January 1, 2010. As described more fully inNote 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principlesto the Consolidated Financial Statements, SFAS 166 revises existing sale accounting criteria for transfers of financial assets and SFAS 167 significantly changes the criteria by which an enterprise determines whether it must consolidate a VIE. The adoption of SFAS 166 and 167 on January 1, 2010 will result in the consolidation of certain QSPEs and VIEs that are not currently recorded on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. For more information, see Estimated Impact of Adopting SFAS 166 and 167 beginning on page 155.
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Net income (loss) was $(1.0) billion, or $(0.26) per diluted common share after preferred dividends for the three months ended September 30, 2009, compared to $1.2 billion, or $0.15 per diluted common share, for the same period in 2008. Net income was $6.5 billion, or $0.39 per diluted common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2009, compared to $5.8 billion, or $1.09 per diluted common share, for same period in 2008.
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Table 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Business Segment Total Revenue and Net Income |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
| | Total Revenue(1) | | | | | Net Income (Loss) | | | | | Total Revenue(1) | | | | | Net Income (Loss) |
(Dollars in millions) | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 |
Deposits | | $ | 3,666 | | | $ | 4,725 | | | | | $ | 798 | | | $ | 1,575 | | | | | $ | 10,560 | | | $ | 13,182 | | | | | $ | 1,912 | | | $ | 3,949 |
Global Card Services(2) | | | 7,327 | | | | 7,753 | | | | | | (1,036 | ) | | | (167 | ) | | | | | 22,181 | | | | 23,202 | | | | | | (4,527 | ) | | | 1,244 |
Home Loans & Insurance | | | 3,411 | | | | 3,474 | | | | | | (1,632 | ) | | | (54 | ) | | | | | 13,101 | | | | 6,058 | | | | | | (2,850 | ) | | | (1,775) |
Global Banking | | | 4,670 | | | | 4,284 | | | | | | 40 | | | | 1,024 | | | | | | 18,100 | | | | 12,737 | | | | | | 2,703 | | | | 3,440 |
Global Markets | | | 5,827 | | | | 161 | | | | | | 2,190 | | | | (588 | ) | | | | | 17,236 | | | | 724 | | | | | | 6,027 | | | | (1,263) |
Global Wealth & Investment Management | | | 4,095 | | | | 1,570 | | | | | | 271 | | | | 80 | | | | | | 12,606 | | | | 5,819 | | | | | | 1,202 | | | | 913 |
All Other(2) | | | (2,631 | ) | | | (2,068 | ) | | | | | (1,632 | ) | | | (693 | ) | | | | | 1,747 | | | | (3,726 | ) | | | | | 2,003 | | | | (711) |
Total FTE basis | | | 26,365 | | | | 19,899 | | | | | | (1,001 | ) | | | 1,177 | | | | | | 95,531 | | | | 57,996 | | | | | | 6,470 | | | | 5,797 |
FTE adjustment | | | (330 | ) | | | (278 | ) | | | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | (964 | ) | | | (894 | ) | | | | | - | | | | - |
Total Consolidated | | $ | 26,035 | | | $ | 19,621 | | | | | $ | (1,001 | ) | | $ | 1,177 | | | | | $ | 94,567 | | | $ | 57,102 | | | | | $ | 6,470 | | | $ | 5,797 |
| (1) | Total revenue is net of interest expense and is on a FTE basis for the business segments andAll Other. For more information on a FTE basis, see Supplemental Financial Data beginning on page 107. |
| (2) | Global Card Services is presented on a managed basis with a corresponding offset recorded inAll Other. For more information on managed basis please seeNote 19 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
The table above presents total revenue and net income for the business segments; the following discussion presents a summary of the related results. For more information on these results, see Business Segment Operations beginning on page 114.
| • | | Deposits’net income decreased due to lower revenue and higher noninterest expense. Total revenue declined due to a lower residual net interest income allocation from asset and liability management (ALM) activities and spread compression due to declining interest rates. This decrease was partially offset by the transfer of certain client deposits fromGWIM and increases in average deposits due to strong organic growth partially offset by an expected decline in higher-yielding Countrywide accounts. In addition, noninterest income increased due to higher service charges resulting from revenue initiatives and account growth. Noninterest expense increased driven by higher FDIC expenses. |
In addition to the drivers discussed above, during the nine months ended September 30, 2009,Deposits’ results, compared to the same period in 2008, were also impacted by the Countrywide acquisition and higher noninterest expense related to the FDIC special assessment in the second quarter of 2009. For more information onDeposits, see page 115.
| • | | Global Card Servicesrecorded a net loss due to higher credit costs and lower managed net revenue partially offset by decreased noninterest expense. Provision for credit losses increased as economic conditions led to higher losses, including an increased level of bankruptcies. Also contributing to the provision were reserve additions related to maturing securitizations. Managed net revenue declined primarily from a decrease in noninterest income due to the absence of the gain on the sale of a card portfolio and lower fee income partially offset by a negative valuation adjustment on the interest-only strip recorded in the same period in the prior year. The increase in the provision for credit losses and the decrease in managed net revenue were partially offset by a decrease in noninterest expense due to lower operating and marketing costs. |
In addition to the drivers discussed above, during the nine months ended September 30, 2009,Global Card Services’ results, compared to the same period in 2008, were unfavorably impacted by the absence ofGlobal Card Services’ share of the Visa-related gain recorded in the first quarter of 2008. For more information onGlobal Card Services, see page 117.
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| • | | Home Loans & Insurance’snet loss increased driven by higher credit costs related to the home equity portfolio and increased noninterest expense as a result of higher production volume and higher delinquencies. Net revenue remained relatively flat as an increase in net interest income was offset by a decrease in noninterest income due to lower mortgage banking income as a result of unfavorable MSR performance, net of hedges, partially offset by higher production income. The increase in provision expense was driven by economic weakness and falling home prices. In addition, reserves were increased in the Countrywide purchased impaired portfolio reflecting further deterioration in this portfolio. Noninterest expense rose mostly due to increased compensation and other expenses related to higher production volume and increased delinquencies. |
In addition to the credit drivers discussed above, during the nine months ended September 30, 2009,Home Loans & Insurance’sresults, compared to the same period in 2008, were impacted by the Countrywide acquisition. In addition, mortgage banking income increased as lower interest rates drove an increase in mortgage activity. For more information onHome Loans & Insurance, see page 120.
| • | | Global Banking’s net revenue rose primarily driven by increased investment banking income and higher service charges due in part to the Merrill Lynch acquisition. Net income decreased as higher credit costs and noninterest expense outpaced the growth in revenue mentioned above. Provision for credit losses increased mainly in the commercial real estate and commercial – domestic portfolios reflecting deterioration across a broad range of industries and property types. Noninterest expense increased due to the Merrill Lynch acquisition and increased FDIC expense. |
In addition to the drivers discussed above, during the nine months ended September 30, 2009,Global Banking’s results, compared to the same period in 2008, were favorably impacted by the gain recorded on the contribution of the merchant processing business to a joint venture but were partially offset by the FDIC special assessment during the second quarter of 2009 and the absence ofGlobal Banking’s share of the Visa-related gain recorded in the first quarter of 2008. For more information onGlobal Banking, see page 124.
| • | | Global Markets’net revenue and net income increased primarily due to favorable core trading results driven by the Merrill Lynch acquisition and reduced market disruption charges (e.g., CDO-related losses), partially offset by a negative valuation adjustment on derivative liabilities due to the Corporation’s credit spreads improving. The increase in noninterest expense was largely attributable to the Merrill Lynch acquisition partially offset by a change in compensation that delivers a greater portion of incentive pay over time. |
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009,Global Markets’ results, compared to the same period in 2008, were driven by the same factors as noted above. For more information onGlobal Markets, see page 128.
| • | | GWIM’snet revenue was higher due to the addition of Merrill Lynch and a decline in support provided to certain cash funds. The increase in revenue was partially offset by higher provision for credit losses primarily driven by a single large commercial charge-off and reserve additions in the consumer real estate and commercial portfolios reflecting the weak economy. |
In addition to the drivers discussed above, during the nine months ended September 30, 2009,GWIM’s’ results, compared to the same period in 2008, were unfavorably driven by higher noninterest expense due to the FDIC special assessment recorded during the second quarter of 2009. For more information onGWIM, see page 133.
| • | | All Other’s net loss increased as higher gains on the sale of debt securities and higher equity investment income were more than offset by the negative credit valuation adjustment on certain Merrill Lynch structured notes and other-than-temporary impairment charges related to non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs). The provision for credit losses was adversely impacted by further credit deterioration in our residential mortgage portfolio and reserve additions on the Countrywide discontinued real estate purchased impaired portfolio. Noninterest expense increased due in part to merger and restructuring charges related to the Merrill Lynch acquisition and a charge to pay the U.S. government to terminate its asset guarantee term sheet. |
In addition to the drivers discussed above, during the nine months ended September 30, 2009,All Other’s results, compared to the same period in 2008, were favorably impacted by gains on sales of CCB shares. For more information onAll Other, see page 139.
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Net interest income on a FTE basis decreased $167 million to $11.8 billion and increased $3.4 billion to$36.5 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008. The decrease for the three-month period was driven by a reduction in AFS debt securities due to the earlier deleveraging of the portfolio, lower loan levels and the adverse impact of nonperforming loans. These items werepartially offset by the improved interest rate environment and contribution from market-based net interest income related to ourGlobal Markets’business which benefited from the Merrill Lynch acquisition and the steepening of the yield curve. The results for the nine-month period were driven by the same factors as noted above, however, those items were more than offset by the impact of the Countrywide acquisition. The net interest yield on a FTE basis decreased 32 bps to 2.61 percent and 21 bps to 2.65 percent for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008 primarily due to the addition of lower-yielding assets from the Merrill Lynch acquisition, reduced loan levels and the earlier deleveraging of the ALM portfolio partially offset by the favorable rate environment. In addition, the nine-month period was also driven by the addition of lower-yielding assets from the Countrywide acquisition.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 2 | |
Noninterest Income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | |
Card income | | $ | 1,557 | | | $ | 3,122 | | | | | $ | 6,571 | | | $ | 10,212 | |
Service charges | | | 3,020 | | | | 2,722 | | | | | | 8,282 | | | | 7,757 | |
Investment and brokerage services | | | 2,948 | | | | 1,238 | | | | | | 8,905 | | | | 3,900 | |
Investment banking income | | | 1,254 | | | | 474 | | | | | | 3,955 | | | | 1,645 | |
Equity investment income (loss) | | | 843 | | | | (316 | ) | | | | | 7,988 | | | | 1,330 | |
Trading account profits (losses) | | | 3,395 | | | | (384 | ) | | | | | 10,760 | | | | (1,810 | ) |
Mortgage banking income | | | 1,298 | | | | 1,674 | | | | | | 7,139 | | | | 2,564 | |
Insurance income | | | 707 | | | | 678 | | | | | | 2,057 | | | | 1,092 | |
Gains on sales of debt securities | | | 1,554 | | | | 10 | | | | | | 3,684 | | | | 362 | |
Other income (loss) | | | (1,167 | ) | | | (317 | ) | | | | | 1,870 | | | | (206 | ) |
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings on AFS debt securities | | | (797 | ) | | | (922 | ) | | | | | (2,194 | ) | | | (1,998 | ) |
Total noninterest income | | $ | 14,612 | | | $ | 7,979 | | | | | $ | 59,017 | | | $ | 24,848 | |
Noninterest income increased $6.6 billion to $14.6 billion and $34.2 billion to $59.0 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008.
| • | | Card income on a held basis decreased $1.6 billion and $3.6 billion primarily due to the negative impact of higher credit losses on securitized credit card loans and lower fee income, which was driven by changes in consumer retail purchase and payment behavior in the current economic environment. In addition, card income was lower due to reduced interchange income related to the contribution of our merchant processing business to a joint venture in the second quarter of 2009. These items were partially offset by lower securitized borrowing costs and the prior year’s negative valuation adjustment on the interest-only strip. |
| • | | Service charges grew $298 million and $525 million due primarily to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch and revenue initiatives. |
| • | | Investment and brokerage services increased $1.7 billion and $5.0 billion primarily due to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch partially offset by the impact of lower valuations in the equity markets driven by the market downturn in the fourth quarter of 2008 which improved to some extent in 2009, and net cash outflows in the cash funds. |
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| • | | Investment banking income increased $780 million and $2.3 billion due to higher debt, equity and advisory fees reflecting the increased size of the investment banking platform from the Merrill Lynch acquisition. |
| • | | Equity investment income increased $1.2 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2009 due to positive valuation adjustments on public and private investments within Global Principal Investments and the absence of other-than-temporary impairment charges related to AFS marketable equity securities that were recorded in the prior year. Additionally, equity investment income increased $6.7 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 driven by sales of portions of our CCB investment for pre-tax gains of $7.3 billion during the first half of the year. The nine month results were partially offset by the absence of the Visa-related gain recorded during the prior year. |
| • | | Trading account profits increased $3.8 billion and $12.6 billion primarily driven by favorable core trading results due to the Merrill Lynch acquisition and reduced market disruption charges (e.g., CDO-related losses). In addition, the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 were negatively impacted by valuation adjustments on derivative liabilities of $714 million and $631 million due to the improvement of the Corporation’s credit spreads. For more information, refer to theGlobal Markets discussion beginning on page 128. |
| • | | Mortgage banking income decreased $376 million for the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same period in the prior year due to lower servicing revenues of $677 million driven by unfavorable MSR performance net of hedges partially offset by increased production revenue of $301 million driven by the lower interest rate environment. Mortgage banking income increased $4.6 billion for the nine months ending September 30, 2009 when compared to the same period in 2008, due to higher servicing income of $1.7 billion and higher production income of $2.9 billion primarily as a result of the Countrywide acquisition. |
| • | | Insurance income remained relatively flat for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and increased $965 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009. The nine month increase was due to the acquisition of Countrywide’s property and casualty businesses. |
| • | | Gains on sales of debt securities increased $1.5 billion and $3.3 billion due to the favorable interest rate environment and improved credit spreads. Gains were primarily driven by sales of agency mortgage-backed securities and agency CMOs. |
| • | | Other income (loss) decreased $850 million for the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same period in 2008 primarily due to the negative fair value credit adjustment on the Merrill Lynch structured notes of $1.8 billion. In addition, other income (loss) for the three months ended September 30, 2009 decreased due to the absence of gains that were recorded during the third quarter of 2008 of $283 million from the sale of a card portfolio and $224 million from the sale of our prime brokerage business as well as increased writedowns on CMBS for the three months ended September 30, 2009. These amounts were partially offset by the beneficial impact of the Merrill Lynch acquisition, a decrease in cash funds support of $498 million and lower losses associated with ARS and leveraged loan exposures. In addition to the factors impacting the three-month discussion above, other income increased $2.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same period in 2008 due primarily to the $3.8 billion gain that was recorded upon the contribution of our merchant processing business to a joint venture. |
| • | | Net impairment losses recognized in earnings on AFS debt securities decreased $125 million for the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same period in the prior year due to lower charges recorded on CDOs and purchased securities from liquidated CDOs that are classified as AFS debt securities which were partially offset by increased charges on non-agency CMOs. Net impairment losses recognized in earnings on AFS debt securities increased $196 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same period in the prior year as the increased impairment charges on non-agency CMOs more than offset the lower CDO related impairment charges. |
|
Provision for Credit Losses |
The provision for credit losses increased $5.3 billion to $11.7 billion and $20.2 billion to $38.5 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008. Deterioration in the economy and housing markets drove higher credit costs in both the consumer and commercial portfolios. For further discussion, see Provision for Credit Losses beginning on page 192.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Noninterest Expense | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 |
Personnel | | $ | 7,613 | | $ | 5,198 | | | | $ | 24,171 | | $ | 14,344 |
Occupancy | | | 1,220 | | | 926 | | | | | 3,567 | | | 2,623 |
Equipment | | | 617 | | | 440 | | | | | 1,855 | | | 1,208 |
Marketing | | | 470 | | | 605 | | | | | 1,490 | | | 1,813 |
Professional fees | | | 562 | | | 424 | | | | | 1,511 | | | 1,071 |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 510 | | | 464 | | | | | 1,546 | | | 1,357 |
Data processing | | | 592 | | | 755 | | | | | 1,861 | | | 1,905 |
Telecommunications | | | 361 | | | 288 | | | | | 1,033 | | | 814 |
Other general operating | | | 3,767 | | | 2,313 | | | | | 11,106 | | | 4,818 |
Merger and restructuring charges | | | 594 | | | 247 | | | | | 2,188 | | | 629 |
Total noninterest expense | | $ | 16,306 | | $ | 11,660 | | | | $ | 50,328 | | $ | 30,582 |
Noninterest expense increased $4.6 billion to $16.3 billion and $19.8 billion to $50.3 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008. Personnel costs increased $2.4 billion and $9.8 billion, and other general operating expenses rose $1.5 billion and $6.3 billion, driven in large part by the Merrill Lynch acquisition. The increase in personnel costs was partially offset by a change in compensation that delivers a greater portion of incentive pay over time which reduced personnel expenses by $706 million during the three months ended September 30, 2009. Additionally, other general operating expense increased due to a $402 million pre-tax charge to pay the U.S. government to terminate its asset guarantee term sheet and increased FDIC expenses. In addition to the factors noted above, the nine month comparison was impacted by increased expenses associated with the acquisition of Countrywide and the special FDIC assessment of $760 million that was incurred during the second quarter of 2009. Further, personnel expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 benefited from a reduction in performance-based incentive compensation due to changes enacted in the second quarter of 2008.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax (benefit) was $(975) million for the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to income tax expense of $334 million for the same period in 2008 and resulted in an effective tax rate of 49.3 percent compared to 22.1 percent in the prior year. The effective tax rate for the quarter reflects the normal tax benefit of the pre-tax loss, as well as the impact of a shift in the geographic mix of our income. Income tax (benefit) was $(691) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to income tax expense of $2.4 billion for the same period in 2008 and resulted in an effective tax rate of (12.0) percent compared to 29.6 percent in the prior year. The decrease in the year-to-date effective tax rate from the prior year was due to permanent tax preferences (e.g., tax-exempt income and tax credits) and the release of part of a valuation allowance provided for acquired capital loss carry-forward tax benefits, together offsetting a higher percentage of pre-tax earnings than was offset in the prior year, as well as a shift in the geographic mix of our earnings driven by the addition of Merrill Lynch. Absent any one-time items, the effective tax rate is expected to normalize towards statutory for the fourth quarter. The effective tax rate for the fourth quarter may be positively impacted by one-time items, including tax benefits from the recognition of additional tax capital losses and possible settlements with various taxing authorities.
The majority of the income of certain foreign subsidiaries is not currently subject to U.S. income tax as a result of deferral provisions applicable to active financing income. These provisions are scheduled to expire for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2010. Absent an extension of these provisions, active financing income earned by foreign subsidiaries after expiration will be subject to a tax provision that considers the incremental U.S. tax. Management does not expect the impact, which will depend upon the amount and geographic mix of future earnings, to drive the Corporation’s effective tax rate higher than the U.S. statutory tax rates.
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Assets
At September 30, 2009, total assets were $2.3 trillion, an increase of $433.1 billion from December 31, 2008. The increase was attributable to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch which impacted most major line items. In addition, cash and cash equivalents increased due to our strengthened liquidity and capital position, and loans held-for-sale were higher due to increased volume in consumer refinancing as a result of the favorable rate environment partially offset by securitizations. These factors were partially offset by lower debt securities, which were driven by principal paydowns and net sales of securities in an earlier effort to deleverage the portfolio, and decreased loan levels.
Average total assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 increased $485.0 billion, or 25.4 percent, and $634.1 billion, or 35.1 percent, from the same periods in 2008. These increases in average total assets were driven by increases in cash and cash equivalents, federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell, trading account assets, derivative assets and other assets. These increases were primarily due to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch and were partially offset by decreased loan levels.
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
At September 30, 2009, total liabilities were $2.0 trillion, an increase of $352.5 billion from December 31, 2008. Average total liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 increased $395.5 billion, or 22.7 percent, and $552.4 billion, or 33.5 percent, from the same periods in 2008. The increase in total liabilities was attributable to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch which impacted various line items including long-term debt and deposits. This was partially offset by a decrease in commercial paper and other short-term borrowings and foreign deposits. The increase in average total liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 was also impacted by the acquisition of Countrywide.
Period end shareholders’ equity was $257.7 billion at September 30, 2009, an increase of $80.6 billion from December 31, 2008, due to the issuance of preferred stock and related warrants of $30.0 billion in connection with the TARP, common and preferred stock of $20.5 billion and $8.6 billion issued in the Merrill Lynch acquisition, an at-the-market common stock issuance of $13.5 billion and net income of $6.5 billion.
Average shareholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008, increased $89.5 billion and $81.7 billion due to the same period-end factors discussed above. In addition, the increase was due to the issuance of preferred stock and related warrants during the second half of 2008 in connection with the TARP. Further, the nine-month period benefited from the common stock issued in connection with the Countrywide acquisition.
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Table 4 | | |
Selected Quarterly Financial Data | | |
| | 2009 Quarters | | | | 2008 Quarters |
(Dollars in millions, except per share information) | | Third(1) | | | | | Second | | | | | First | | | | Fourth (1) | | | | | Third | | |
Income statement | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 11,423 | | | | | $ | 11,630 | | | | | $ | 12,497 | | | | $ | 13,106 | | | | | $ | 11,642 | | |
Noninterest income | | | 14,612 | | | | | | 21,144 | | | | | | 23,261 | | | | | 2,574 | | | | | | 7,979 | | |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 26,035 | | | | | | 32,774 | | | | | | 35,758 | | | | | 15,680 | | | | | | 19,621 | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 11,705 | | | | | | 13,375 | | | | | | 13,380 | | | | | 8,535 | | | | | | 6,450 | | |
Noninterest expense, before merger and restructuring charges | | | 15,712 | | | | | | 16,191 | | | | | | 16,237 | | | | | 10,641 | | | | | | 11,413 | | |
Merger and restructuring charges | | | 594 | | | | | | 829 | | | | | | 765 | | | | | 306 | | | | | | 247 | | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | (1,976 | ) | | | | | 2,379 | | | | | | 5,376 | | | | | (3,802 | ) | | | | | 1,511 | | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | | (975 | ) | | | | | (845 | ) | | | | | 1,129 | | | | | (2,013 | ) | | | | | 334 | | |
Net income (loss) | | | (1,001 | ) | | | | | 3,224 | | | | | | 4,247 | | | | | (1,789 | ) | | | | | 1,177 | | |
Net income (loss) applicable to common shareholders | | | (2,241 | ) | | | | | 2,419 | | | | | | 2,814 | | | | | (2,392 | ) | | | | | 704 | | |
Average common shares issued and outstanding (in thousands) | | | 8,633,834 | | | | | | 7,241,515 | | | | | | 6,370,815 | | | | | 4,957,049 | | | | | | 4,543,963 | | |
Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding (in thousands) | | | 8,633,834 | | | | | | 7,269,518 | | | | | | 6,431,027 | | | | | 4,957,049 | | | | | | 4,547,578 | | |
Performance ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Return on average assets | | | n/m | | | % | | | 0.53 | | | % | | | 0.68 | | % | | | n/m | | | % | | | 0.25 | | % |
Return on average common shareholders’ equity | | | n/m | | | | | | 5.59 | | | | | | 7.10 | | | | | n/m | | | | | | 1.97 | | |
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity(2) | | | n/m | | | | | | 16.90 | | | | | | 24.37 | | | | | n/m | | | | | | 8.92 | | |
Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity(2) | | | n/m | | | | | | 8.86 | | | | | | 12.42 | | | | | n/m | | | | | | 6.11 | | |
Total ending equity to total ending assets | | | 11.45 | | | | | | 11.32 | | | | | | 10.32 | | | | | 9.74 | | | | | | 8.79 | | |
Total average equity to total average assets | | | 10.71 | | | | | | 10.03 | | | | | | 9.08 | | | | | 9.06 | | | | | | 8.73 | | |
Dividend payout | | | n/m | | | | | | 3.56 | | | | | | 2.28 | | | | | n/m | | | | | | n/m | | |
Per common share data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings (loss) | | $ | (0.26 | ) | | | | $ | 0.33 | | | | | $ | 0.44 | | | | $ | (0.48 | ) | | | | $ | 0.15 | | |
Diluted earnings (loss) | | | (0.26 | ) | | | | | 0.33 | | | | | | 0.44 | | | | | (0.48 | ) | | | | | 0.15 | | |
Dividends paid | | | 0.01 | | | | | | 0.01 | | | | | | 0.01 | | | | | 0.32 | | | | | | 0.64 | | |
Book value | | | 22.99 | | | | | | 22.71 | | | | | | 25.98 | | | | | 27.77 | | | | | | 30.01 | | |
Tangible book value(2) | | | 12.00 | | | | | | 11.66 | | | | | | 10.88 | | | | | 10.11 | | | | | | 10.50 | | |
Market price per share of common stock | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Closing | | $ | 16.92 | | | | | $ | 13.20 | | | | | $ | 6.82 | | | | $ | 14.08 | | | | | $ | 35.00 | | |
High closing | | | 17.98 | | | | | | 14.17 | | | | | | 14.33 | | | | | 38.13 | | | | | | 37.48 | | |
Low closing | | | 11.84 | | | | | | 7.05 | | | | | | 3.14 | | | | | 11.25 | | | | | | 18.52 | | |
Market capitalization | | $ | 146,363 | | | | | $ | 114,199 | | | | | $ | 43,654 | | | | $ | 70,645 | | | | | $ | 159,672 | | |
Average balance sheet | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans and leases | | $ | 930,255 | | | | | $ | 966,105 | | | | | $ | 994,121 | | | | $ | 941,563 | | | | | $ | 946,914 | | |
Total assets | | | 2,390,675 | | | | | | 2,420,317 | | | | | | 2,519,134 | | | | | 1,948,854 | | | | | | 1,905,691 | | |
Total deposits | | | 989,295 | | | | | | 974,892 | | | | | | 964,081 | | | | | 892,141 | | | | | | 857,845 | | |
Long-term debt | | | 449,974 | | | | | | 444,131 | | | | | | 446,975 | | | | | 255,709 | | | | | | 264,934 | | |
Common shareholders’ equity | | | 197,230 | | | | | | 173,497 | | | | | | 160,739 | | | | | 142,535 | | | | | | 142,303 | | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | 255,983 | | | | | | 242,867 | | | | | | 228,766 | | | | | 176,566 | | | | | | 166,454 | | |
Asset quality(3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for credit losses(4) | | $ | 37,399 | | | | | $ | 35,777 | | | | | $ | 31,150 | | | | $ | 23,492 | | | | | $ | 20,773 | | |
Nonperforming assets (5, 6) | | | 33,825 | | | | | | 30,982 | | | | | | 25,632 | | | | | 18,212 | | | | | | 13,576 | | |
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding(6) | | | 3.95 | | | % | | | 3.61 | | | % | | | 3.00 | | % | | | 2.49 | | | % | | | 2.17 | | % |
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases(6) | | | 112 | | | | | | 116 | | | | | | 122 | | | | | 141 | | | | | | 173 | | |
Net charge-offs | | $ | 9,624 | | | | | $ | 8,701 | | | | | $ | 6,942 | | | | $ | 5,541 | | | | | $ | 4,356 | | |
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding(6) | | | 4.13 | | | % | | | 3.64 | | | % | | | 2.85 | | % | | | 2.36 | | | % | | | 1.84 | | % |
Nonperforming loans and leases as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding(6) | | | 3.51 | | | | | | 3.12 | | | | | | 2.47 | | | | | 1.77 | | | | | | 1.25 | | |
Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total loans, leases and foreclosed properties(5, 6) | | | 3.72 | | | | | | 3.31 | | | | | | 2.64 | | | | | 1.96 | | | | | | 1.45 | | |
Ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses at period end to annualized net charge-offs | | | 0.94 | | | | | | 0.97 | | | | | | 1.03 | | | | | 1.05 | | | | | | 1.17 | | |
Capital ratios (period end) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Risk-based capital: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tier 1 common | | | 7.18 | | | % | | | 6.90 | | | % | | | 4.49 | | % | | | 4.80 | | | % | | | 4.23 | | % |
Tier 1 | | | 12.33 | | | | | | 11.93 | | | | | | 10.09 | | | | | 9.15 | | | | | | 7.55 | | |
Total | | | 16.53 | | | | | | 15.99 | | | | | | 14.03 | | | | | 13.00 | | | | | | 11.54 | | |
Tier 1 leverage | | | 8.33 | | | | | | 8.21 | | | | | | 7.07 | | | | | 6.44 | | | | | | 5.51 | | |
Tangible equity(2) | | | 7.55 | | | | | | 7.39 | | | | | | 6.42 | | | | | 5.11 | | | | | | 4.13 | | |
Tangible common equity(2) | | | 4.82 | | | | | | 4.67 | | | | | | 3.13 | | | | | 2.93 | | | | | | 2.75 | | |
| (1) | Due to a net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, no dilutive potential common shares were included in the calculations of diluted EPS because they would have been antidilutive. |
| (2) | Tangible equity ratios and tangible book value are non-GAAP measures. Other companies may define or calculate these measures differently. For additional information on these ratios and a corresponding reconciliation to GAAP financial measures, see Supplemental Financial Data beginning on page 107. |
| (3) | For more information on the impact of the purchased impaired loan portfolio on asset quality, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management beginning on page 160 and Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management beginning on page 175. |
| (4) | Includes the allowance for loan and lease losses, and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. |
| (5) | Balances and ratios do not include nonperforming LHFS, nonperforming AFS debt securities and nonperforming derivative assets. |
| (6) | Balances and ratios do not include loans measured at fair value under the fair value option. |
n/m = not meaningful
105
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 5 | | |
Selected Year-to-Date Financial Data | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30 | | |
(Dollars in millions, except per share information) | | | 2009 | | | | | | 2008 | | |
Income statement | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 35,550 | | | | | $ | 32,254 | | |
Noninterest income | | | 59,017 | | | | | | 24,848 | | |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 94,567 | | | | | | 57,102 | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 38,460 | | | | | | 18,290 | | |
Noninterest expense, before merger and restructuring charges | | | 48,140 | | | | | | 29,953 | | |
Merger and restructuring charges | | | 2,188 | | | | | | 629 | | |
Income before income taxes | | | 5,779 | | | | | | 8,230 | | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | | (691 | ) | | | | | 2,433 | | |
Net income | | | 6,470 | | | | | | 5,797 | | |
Net income available to common shareholders | | | 2,992 | | | | | | 4,948 | | |
Average common shares issued and outstanding (in thousands) | | | 7,423,341 | | | | | | 4,469,517 | | |
Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding (in thousands) | | | 7,449,911 | | | | | | 4,477,994 | | |
Performance ratios | | | | | | | | | | | |
Return on average assets | | | 0.35 | | | % | | | 0.43 | | % |
Return on average common shareholders’ equity | | | 2.26 | | | | | | 4.68 | | |
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity(1) | | | 10.42 | | | | | | 14.29 | | |
Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity(1) | | | 5.83 | | | | | | 10.50 | | |
Total ending equity to total ending assets | | | 11.45 | | | | | | 8.79 | | |
Total average equity to total average assets | | | 9.93 | | | | | | 8.90 | | |
Dividend payout | | | 7.96 | | | | | | 174.73 | | |
Per common share data | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings | | $ | 0.39 | | | | | $ | 1.09 | | |
Diluted earnings | | | 0.39 | | | | | | 1.09 | | |
Dividends paid | | | 0.03 | | | | | | 1.92 | | |
Book value | | | 22.99 | | | | | | 30.01 | | |
Tangible book value(1) | | | 12.00 | | | | | | 10.50 | | |
Market price per share of common stock | | | | | | | | | | | |
Closing | | $ | 16.92 | | | | | $ | 35.00 | | |
High closing | | | 17.98 | | | | | | 45.03 | | |
Low closing | | | 3.14 | | | | | | 18.52 | | |
Market capitalization | | $ | 146,363 | | | | | $ | 159,672 | | |
Average balance sheet | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans and leases | | $ | 963,260 | | | | | $ | 900,574 | | |
Total assets | | | 2,442,905 | | | | | | 1,808,765 | | |
Total deposits | | | 976,182 | | | | | | 810,663 | | |
Long-term debt | | | 447,038 | | | | | | 223,017 | | |
Common shareholders’ equity | | | 177,289 | | | | | | 141,337 | | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | 242,638 | | | | | | 160,890 | | |
Asset quality(2) | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for credit losses(3) | | $ | 37,399 | | | | | $ | 20,773 | | |
Nonperforming assets (4, 5) | | | 33,825 | | | | | | 13,576 | | |
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding(5) | | | 3.95 | | | % | | | 2.17 | | % |
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases(5) | | | 112 | | | | | | 173 | | |
Net charge-offs | | $ | 25,267 | | | | | $ | 10,690 | | |
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding(5) | | | 3.53 | | | % | | | 1.59 | | % |
Nonperforming loans and leases as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding(5) | | | 3.51 | | | | | | 1.25 | | |
Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total loans, leases and foreclosed properties(4, 5) | | | 3.72 | | | | | | 1.45 | | |
Ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses at period end to annualized net charge-offs | | | 1.06 | | | | | | 1.42 | | |
| (1) | Tangible equity ratios and tangible book value are non-GAAP measures. Other companies may define or calculate these measures differently. For additional information on these ratios and a corresponding reconciliation to GAAP financial measures, see Supplemental Financial Data beginning on page 107. |
| (2) | For more information on the impact of the purchased impaired loan portfolio on asset quality, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management beginning on page 160 and Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management beginning on page 175. |
| (3) | Includes the allowance for loan and lease losses, and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. |
| (4) | Balances and ratios do not include nonperforming LHFS, nonperforming AFS debt securities and nonperforming derivative assets. |
| (5) | Balances and ratios do not include loans measured at fair value under the fair value option. |
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|
Supplemental Financial Data |
Table 6 provides a reconciliation of the supplemental financial data mentioned below with financial measures defined by GAAP. Other companies may define or calculate supplemental financial data differently.
Net Interest Income – FTE Basis
We view net interest income and related ratios and analysis (i.e., efficiency ratio and net interest yield) on a FTE basis. Although this is a non-GAAP measure, we believe managing the business with net interest income on a FTE basis provides a more accurate picture of the interest margin for comparative purposes. To derive the FTE basis, net interest income is adjusted to reflect tax-exempt income on an equivalent before-tax basis with a corresponding increase in income tax expense. For purposes of this calculation, we use the federal statutory tax rate of 35 percent. This measure ensures comparability of net interest income arising from taxable and tax-exempt sources.
Performance Measures
As mentioned above, certain performance measures including the efficiency ratio and net interest yield utilize net interest income (and thus total revenue) on a FTE basis. The efficiency ratio measures the costs expended to generate a dollar of revenue, and net interest yield evaluates how many basis points we are earning over the cost of funds. During our annual planning process, we set efficiency targets for the Corporation and each line of business. We believe the use of this non-GAAP measure provides additional clarity in assessing our results. Targets vary by year and by business, and are based on a variety of factors including maturity of the business, competitive environment, market factors, and other items (e.g., risk appetite). The aforementioned performance measures and ratios are presented in Table 5.
Tangible Equity
We also evaluate our business based upon ratios that utilize tangible equity. ROTE measures our earnings contribution as a percentage of shareholders’ equity reduced by goodwill and intangible assets (excluding MSRs), net of related deferred tax liabilities. The tangible equity ratio and the tangible common equity ratio represent shareholders’ equity, common or total as applicable, less goodwill and intangible assets (excluding MSRs), net of related deferred tax liabilities divided by total assets less goodwill and intangible assets (excluding MSRs), net of related deferred tax liabilities. Tangible book value per common share represents ending common shareholders’ equity less goodwill and intangible assets (excluding MSRs), net of related deferred tax liabilities divided by ending common shares outstanding. These measures are used to evaluate our use of equity (i.e., capital). In addition, profitability, relationship, and investment models all use ROTE as key measures to support our overall growth goals.
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Table 6
Supplemental Financial Data and Reconciliations to GAAP Financial Measures
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | | 2009 | | | | | | 2008 | | | | | | 2009 | | | | | | 2008 | | | |
FTE basis data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 11,753 | | | | | $ | 11,920 | | | | | $ | 36,514 | | | | | $ | 33,148 | | | |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 26,365 | | | | | | 19,899 | | | | | | 95,531 | | | | | | 57,996 | | | |
Net interest yield | | | 2.61 | | | % | | | 2.93 | | | % | | | 2.65 | | | % | | | 2.86 | | | % |
Efficiency ratio | | | 61.84 | | | | | | 58.60 | | | | | | 52.68 | | | | | | 52.73 | | | |
Reconciliation of average shareholders’ equity to average tangible shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | $ | 255,983 | | | | | $ | 166,454 | | | | | $ | 242,638 | | | | | $ | 160,890 | | | |
Goodwill | | | (86,170 | ) | | | | | (81,977 | ) | | | | | (86,028 | ) | | | | | (79,150 | ) | | |
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs) | | | (13,223 | ) | | | | | (9,547 | ) | | | | | (12,107 | ) | | | | | (9,731 | ) | | |
Related deferred tax liabilities | | | 3,725 | | | | | | 1,683 | | | | | | 3,873 | | | | | | 1,738 | | | |
Tangible shareholders’ equity | | $ | 160,315 | | | | | $ | 76,613 | | | | | $ | 148,376 | | | | | $ | 73,747 | | | |
Reconciliation of average common shareholders’ equity to average tangible common shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common shareholders’ equity | | $ | 197,230 | | | | | $ | 142,303 | | | | | $ | 177,289 | | | | | $ | 141,337 | | | |
Goodwill | | | (86,170 | ) | | | | | (81,977 | ) | | | | | (86,028 | ) | | | | | (79,150 | ) | | |
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs) | | | (13,223 | ) | | | | | (9,547 | ) | | | | | (12,107 | ) | | | | | (9,731 | ) | | |
Related deferred tax liabilities | | | 3,725 | | | | | | 1,683 | | | | | | 3,873 | | | | | | 1,738 | | | |
Tangible common shareholders’ equity | | $ | 101,562 | | | | | $ | 52,462 | | | | | $ | 83,027 | | | | | $ | 54,194 | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | September 30 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2009 | | | | | | 2008 | | | |
Reconciliation of period end shareholders’ equity to period end tangible shareholders’ equity | �� | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 257,683 | | | | | $ | 161,039 | | | |
Goodwill | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (86,009 | ) | | | | | (81,756 | ) | | |
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (12,715 | ) | | | | | (9,167 | ) | | |
Related deferred tax liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3,714 | | | | | | 1,914 | | | |
Tangible shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 162,673 | | | | | $ | 72,030 | | | |
Reconciliation of period end common shareholders’ equity to period end tangible common shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 198,843 | | | | | $ | 136,888 | | | |
Goodwill | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (86,009 | ) | | | | | (81,756 | ) | | |
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (12,715 | ) | | | | | (9,167 | ) | | |
Related deferred tax liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3,714 | | | | | | 1,914 | | | |
Tangible common shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 103,833 | | | | | $ | 47,879 | | | |
Reconciliation of period end assets to period end tangible assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,251,043 | | | | | $ | 1,831,177 | | | |
Goodwill | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (86,009 | ) | | | | | (81,756 | ) | | |
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (12,715 | ) | | | | | (9,167 | ) | | |
Related deferred tax liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3,714 | | | | | | 1,914 | | | |
Tangible assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,156,033 | | | | | $ | 1,742,168 | | | |
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| | |
Core Net Interest Income – Managed Basis |
We manage core net interest income – managed basis, which adjusts reported net interest income on a FTE basis for the impact of market-based activities and certain securitizations, net of retained securities. As discussed in theGlobal Markets business segment section beginning on page 128, we evaluate our market-based results and strategies on a total market-based revenue approach by combining net interest income and noninterest income forGlobal Markets. We also adjust for loans that we originated and subsequently sold into credit card securitizations. Noninterest income, rather than net interest income and provision for credit losses, is recorded for assets that have been securitized as we are compensated for servicing the securitized assets and record servicing income and gains or losses on securitizations, where appropriate. We believe the use of this non-GAAP presentation provides additional clarity in managing our results. An analysis of core net interest income – managed basis, core average earning assets – managed basis and core net interest yield on earning assets – managed basis, which adjusts for the impact of these two non-core items from reported net interest income on a FTE basis, is shown below.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 7 | | | |
Core Net Interest Income – Managed Basis | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | | 2009 | | | | | | 2008 | | | | | | 2009 | | | | | | 2008 | | | |
Net interest income(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As reported | | $ | 11,753 | | | | | $ | 11,920 | | | | | $ | 36,514 | | | | | $ | 33,148 | | | |
Impact of market-based net interest income (2) | | | (1,451 | ) | | | | | (1,234 | ) | | | | | (4,868 | ) | | | | | (3,477 | ) | | |
Core net interest income | | | 10,302 | | | | | | 10,686 | | | | | | 31,646 | | | | | | 29,671 | | | |
Impact of securitizations(3) | | | 2,567 | | | | | | 2,310 | | | | | | 8,050 | | | | | | 6,654 | | | |
Core net interest income – managed basis | | $ | 12,869 | | | | | $ | 12,996 | | | | | $ | 39,696 | | | | | $ | 36,325 | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Average earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As reported | | $ | 1,790,000 | | | | | $ | 1,622,466 | | | | | $ | 1,837,706 | | | | | $ | 1,544,617 | | | |
Impact of market-based earning assets(2) | | | (468,999 | ) | | | | | (369,921 | ) | | | | | (478,448 | ) | | | | | (377,148 | ) | | |
Core average earning assets | | | 1,321,001 | | | | | | 1,252,545 | | | | | | 1,359,258 | | | | | | 1,167,469 | | | |
Impact of securitizations(4) | | | 81,703 | | | | | | 101,743 | | | | | | 86,438 | | | | | | 102,481 | | | |
Core average earning assets – managed basis | | $ | 1,402,704 | | | | | $ | 1,354,288 | | | | | $ | 1,445,696 | | | | | $ | 1,269,950 | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net interest yield contribution(1, 5) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As reported | | | 2.61 | | | % | | | 2.93 | | | % | | | 2.65 | | | % | | | 2.86 | | | % |
Impact of market-based activities(2) | | | 0.50 | | | | | | 0.47 | | | | | | 0.46 | | | | | | 0.53 | | | |
Core net interest yield on earning assets | | | 3.11 | | | | | | 3.40 | | | | | | 3.11 | | | | | | 3.39 | | | |
Impact of securitizations | | | 0.54 | | | | | | 0.43 | | | | | | 0.56 | | | | | | 0.43 | | | |
Core net interest yield on earning assets – managed basis | | | 3.65 | | | % | | | 3.83 | | | % | | | 3.67 | | | % | | | 3.82 | | | % |
| (2) | Represents the impact of market-based amounts included inGlobal Markets. |
| (3) | Represents the impact of securitizations utilizing actual bond costs. This is different from the business segment view which utilizes funds transfer pricing methodologies. |
| (4) | Represents average securitized loans less accrued interest receivable and certain securitized bonds retained. |
| (5) | Calculated on an annualized basis. |
Core net interest income on a managed basis decreased $127 million to $12.9 billion and increased $3.4 billion to $39.7 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008. The decrease for the three-month period was driven by a reduction in AFS debt securities due to our earlier deleveraging of the portfolio, lower loan levels and the adverse impact of nonperforming loans. These items were partially offset by the improved interest rate environment and the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. The results for the nine-month period were driven by the same factors as noted above, however, those items were more than offset by the impact of the Countrywide acquisition. For more information on our nonperforming loans see the Credit Risk Management discussion beginning on page 159.
109
On a managed basis, core average earning assets increased $48.4 billion to $1.4 trillion and $175.7 billion to $1.4 trillion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008 primarily due to the Merrill Lynch acquisition partially offset by lower loan levels and earlier deleveraging of the AFS debt securities portfolio. In addition, the nine-month period was also driven by the Countrywide acquisition.
Core net interest yield on a managed basis decreased 18 bps to 3.65 percent and 15 bps to 3.67 percent for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, primarily due to the addition of lower-yielding assets from the Merrill Lynch acquisition, reduced loan levels and the earlier deleveraging of the ALM portfolio partially offset by the favorable rate environment. In addition, the nine-month period was also driven by the addition of lower-yielding assets from the Countrywide acquisition.
110
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Quarterly Average Balances and Interest Rates - FTE Basis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Third Quarter 2009 | | Second Quarter 2009 |
(Dollars in millions) | | Average Balance | | Interest Income/ Expense | | Yield/ Rate | | | | Average Balance | | Interest Income/ Expense | | Yield/ Rate | | |
Earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments | | $ | 29,485 | | $ | 133 | | 1.79 | | % | | $ | 25,604 | | $ | 169 | | 2.64 | | % |
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | | | 223,039 | | | 722 | | 1.28 | | | | | 230,955 | | | 690 | | 1.20 | | |
Trading account assets | | | 212,488 | | | 1,909 | | 3.58 | | | | | 199,820 | | | 2,028 | | 4.07 | | |
Debt securities(1) | | | 263,712 | | | 3,048 | | 4.62 | | | | | 255,159 | | | 3,353 | | 5.26 | | |
Loans and leases(2): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Residential mortgage(3) | | | 241,924 | | | 3,258 | | 5.38 | | | | | 253,803 | | | 3,489 | | 5.50 | | |
Home equity | | | 153,269 | | | 1,614 | | 4.19 | | | | | 156,599 | | | 1,722 | | 4.41 | | |
Discontinued real estate | | | 16,570 | | | 219 | | 5.30 | | | | | 18,309 | | | 303 | | 6.61 | | |
Credit card – domestic | | | 49,751 | | | 1,349 | | 10.76 | | | | | 51,721 | | | 1,380 | | 10.70 | | |
Credit card – foreign | | | 21,189 | | | 562 | | 10.52 | | | | | 18,825 | | | 501 | | 10.66 | | |
Direct/Indirect consumer(4) | | | 100,012 | | | 1,439 | | 5.71 | | | | | 100,302 | | | 1,532 | | 6.12 | | |
Other consumer(5) | | | 3,331 | | | 60 | | 7.02 | | | | | 3,298 | | | 63 | | 7.77 | | |
Total consumer | | | 586,046 | | | 8,501 | | 5.77 | | | | | 602,857 | | | 8,990 | | 5.97 | | |
Commercial – domestic | | | 216,332 | | | 2,132 | | 3.91 | | | | | 231,639 | | | 2,176 | | 3.77 | | |
Commercial real estate(6) | | | 74,276 | | | 600 | | 3.20 | | | | | 75,559 | | | 627 | | 3.33 | | |
Commercial lease financing | | | 22,068 | | | 178 | | 3.22 | | | | | 22,026 | | | 260 | | 4.72 | | |
Commercial – foreign | | | 31,533 | | | 297 | | 3.74 | | | | | 34,024 | | | 360 | | 4.24 | | |
Total commercial | | | 344,209 | | | 3,207 | | 3.70 | | | | | 363,248 | | | 3,423 | | 3.78 | | |
Total loans and leases | | | 930,255 | | | 11,708 | | 5.01 | | | | | 966,105 | | | 12,413 | | 5.15 | | |
Other earning assets | | | 131,021 | | | 1,333 | | 4.05 | | | | | 134,338 | | | 1,251 | | 3.73 | | |
Total earning assets(7) | | | 1,790,000 | | | 18,853 | | 4.19 | | | | | 1,811,981 | | | 19,904 | | 4.40 | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 196,116 | | | | | | | | | | 204,354 | | | | | | | |
Other assets, less allowance for loan and lease losses | | | 404,559 | | | | | | | | | | 403,982 | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 2,390,675 | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,420,317 | | | | | | | |
Interest-bearing liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Domestic interest-bearing deposits: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Savings | | $ | 34,170 | | $ | 49 | | 0.57 | | % | | $ | 34,367 | | $ | 54 | | 0.63 | | % |
NOW and money market deposit accounts | | | 356,873 | | | 353 | | 0.39 | | | | | 342,570 | | | 376 | | 0.44 | | |
Consumer CDs and IRAs | | | 214,284 | | | 1,100 | | 2.04 | | | | | 229,392 | | | 1,409 | | 2.46 | | |
Negotiable CDs, public funds and other time deposits | | | 48,905 | | | 118 | | 0.95 | | | | | 39,100 | | | 124 | | 1.28 | | |
Total domestic interest-bearing deposits | | | 654,232 | | | 1,620 | | 0.98 | | | | | 645,429 | | | 1,963 | | 1.22 | | |
Foreign interest-bearing deposits: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Banks located in foreign countries | | | 15,941 | | | 29 | | 0.73 | | | | | 19,261 | | | 37 | | 0.76 | | |
Governments and official institutions | | | 6,488 | | | 4 | | 0.23 | | | | | 7,379 | | | 4 | | 0.22 | | |
Time, savings and other | | | 53,013 | | | 57 | | 0.42 | | | | | 54,307 | | | 78 | | 0.58 | | |
Total foreign interest-bearing deposits | | | 75,442 | | | 90 | | 0.47 | | | | | 80,947 | | | 119 | | 0.59 | | |
Total interest-bearing deposits | | | 729,674 | | | 1,710 | | 0.93 | | | | | 726,376 | | | 2,082 | | 1.15 | | |
Federal funds purchased, securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings | | | 411,063 | | | 1,237 | | 1.19 | | | | | 503,451 | | | 1,396 | | 1.11 | | |
Trading account liabilities | | | 73,290 | | | 455 | | 2.46 | | | | | 62,778 | | | 450 | | 2.87 | | |
Long-term debt | | | 449,974 | | | 3,698 | | 3.27 | | | | | 444,131 | | | 4,034 | | 3.64 | | |
Total interest-bearing liabilities(7) | | | 1,664,001 | | | 7,100 | | 1.70 | | | | | 1,736,736 | | | 7,962 | | 1.84 | | |
Noninterest-bearing sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | | | 259,621 | | | | | | | | | | 248,516 | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | | | 211,070 | | | | | | | | | | 192,198 | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 255,983 | | | | | | | | | | 242,867 | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 2,390,675 | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,420,317 | | | | | | | |
Net interest spread | | | | | | | | 2.49 | | % | | | | | | | | 2.56 | | % |
Impact of noninterest-bearing sources | | | | | | | | 0.12 | | | | | | | | | | 0.08 | | |
Net interest income/yield on earning assets | | | | | $ | 11,753 | | 2.61 | | % | | | | | $ | 11,942 | | 2.64 | | % |
| (1) | Yields on AFS debt securities are calculated based on fair value rather than historical cost balances. The use of fair value does not have a material impact on net interest yield. |
| (2) | Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is recognized on a cash basis. Purchased impaired loans were written down to fair value upon acquisition and accrete interest income over the remaining life of the loan. |
| (3) | Includes foreign residential mortgages of $622 million, $650 million and $627 million for the third, second and first quarters of 2009, respectively. |
| (4) | Includes foreign consumer loans of $8.4 billion, $8.0 billion and $7.1 billion in the third, second and first quarters of 2009, and $2.0 billion and $2.6 billion in the fourth and third quarters of 2008, respectively. |
Footnotes are continued on page 112.
111
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Quarterly Average Balances and Interest Rates – FTE Basis (continued) |
| | First Quarter 2009 | | | | Fourth Quarter 2008 | | | | Third Quarter 2008 | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Average Balance | | Interest Income/ Expense | | Yield/ Rate | | | | Average Balance | | Interest Income/ Expense | | Yield/ Rate | | | | Average Balance | | Interest Income/ Expense | | Yield/ Rate | | |
Earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments | | $ | 26,158 | | $ | 191 | | 2.96 | | % | | $ | 10,511 | | $ | 158 | | 5.97 | | % | | $ | 11,361 | | $ | 101 | | 3.54 | | % |
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | | | 244,280 | | | 1,155 | | 1.90 | | | | | 104,843 | | | 393 | | 1.50 | | | | | 136,322 | | | 912 | | 2.67 | | |
Trading account assets | | | 237,350 | | | 2,499 | | 4.24 | | | | | 179,687 | | | 2,170 | | 4.82 | | | | | 189,715 | | | 2,390 | | 5.03 | | |
Debt securities(1) | | | 286,249 | | | 3,902 | | 5.47 | | | | | 280,942 | | | 3,913 | | 5.57 | | | | | 266,013 | | | 3,672 | | 5.52 | | |
Loans and leases(2): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Residential mortgage(3) | | | 265,121 | | | 3,680 | | 5.57 | | | | | 253,560 | | | 3,596 | | 5.67 | | | | | 260,779 | | | 3,683 | | 5.65 | | |
Home equity | | | 158,575 | | | 1,787 | | 4.55 | | | | | 151,943 | | | 1,954 | | 5.12 | | | | | 151,111 | | | 2,153 | | 5.67 | | |
Discontinued real estate | | | 19,386 | | | 386 | | 7.97 | | | | | 21,324 | | | 459 | | 8.60 | | | | | 22,031 | | | 399 | | 7.25 | | |
Credit card – domestic | | | 58,960 | | | 1,601 | | 11.01 | | | | | 64,906 | | | 1,784 | | 10.94 | | | | | 63,414 | | | 1,682 | | 10.55 | | |
Credit card – foreign | | | 16,858 | | | 454 | | 10.94 | | | | | 17,211 | | | 521 | | 12.05 | | | | | 17,075 | | | 535 | | 12.47 | | |
Direct/Indirect consumer(4) | | | 100,741 | | | 1,684 | | 6.78 | | | | | 83,331 | | | 1,714 | | 8.18 | | | | | 85,392 | | | 1,790 | | 8.34 | | |
Other consumer(5) | | | 3,408 | | | 64 | | 7.50 | | | | | 3,544 | | | 70 | | 7.83 | | | | | 3,723 | | | 80 | | 8.78 | | |
Total consumer | | | 623,049 | | | 9,656 | | 6.25 | | | | | 595,819 | | | 10,098 | | 6.76 | | | | | 603,525 | | | 10,322 | | 6.82 | | |
Commercial – domestic | | | 240,683 | | | 2,485 | | 4.18 | | | | | 226,095 | | | 2,890 | | 5.09 | | | | | 224,117 | | | 2,852 | | 5.06 | | |
Commercial real estate(6) | | | 72,206 | | | 550 | | 3.09 | | | | | 64,586 | | | 706 | | 4.35 | | | | | 63,220 | | | 727 | | 4.57 | | |
Commercial lease financing | | | 22,056 | | | 279 | | 5.05 | | | | | 22,069 | | | 242 | | 4.40 | | | | | 22,585 | | | 53 | | 0.93 | | |
Commercial – foreign | | | 36,127 | | | 462 | | 5.18 | | | | | 32,994 | | | 373 | | 4.49 | | | | | 33,467 | | | 377 | | 4.48 | | |
Total commercial | | | 371,072 | | | 3,776 | | 4.12 | | | | | 345,744 | | | 4,211 | | 4.85 | | | | | 343,389 | | | 4,009 | | 4.64 | | |
Total loans and leases | | | 994,121 | | | 13,432 | | 5.46 | | | | | 941,563 | | | 14,309 | | 6.06 | | | | | 946,914 | | | 14,331 | | 6.03 | | |
Other earning assets | | | 124,325 | | | 1,299 | | 4.22 | | | | | 99,127 | | | 959 | | 3.85 | | | | | 72,141 | | | 1,068 | | 5.90 | | |
Total earning assets(7) | | | 1,912,483 | | | 22,478 | | 4.74 | | | | | 1,616,673 | | | 21,902 | | 5.40 | | | | | 1,622,466 | | | 22,474 | | 5.52 | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 153,007 | | | | | | | | | | 77,388 | | | | | | | | | | 36,030 | | | | | | | |
Other assets, less allowance for loan and lease losses | | | 453,644 | | | | | | | | | | 254,793 | | | | | | | | | | 247,195 | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 2,519,134 | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,948,854 | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,905,691 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest-bearing liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Domestic interest-bearing deposits: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Savings | | $ | 32,378 | | $ | 58 | | 0.72 | | % | | $ | 31,561 | | $ | 58 | | 0.73 | | % | | $ | 32,297 | | $ | 58 | | 0.72 | | % |
NOW and money market deposit accounts | | | 343,215 | | | 440 | | 0.52 | | | | | 285,410 | | | 813 | | 1.13 | | | | | 278,552 | | | 973 | | 1.39 | | |
Consumer CDs and IRAs | | | 235,787 | | | 1,710 | | 2.93 | | | | | 229,410 | | | 1,835 | | 3.18 | | | | | 218,862 | | | 1,852 | | 3.37 | | |
Negotiable CDs, public funds and other time deposits | | | 31,188 | | | 149 | | 1.94 | | | | | 36,510 | | | 270 | | 2.94 | | | | | 36,039 | | | 291 | | 3.21 | | |
Total domestic interest-bearing deposits | | | 642,568 | | | 2,357 | | 1.49 | | | | | 582,891 | | | 2,976 | | 2.03 | | | | | 565,750 | | | 3,174 | | 2.23 | | |
Foreign interest-bearing deposits: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Banks located in foreign countries | | | 26,052 | | | 48 | | 0.75 | | | | | 41,398 | | | 125 | | 1.20 | | | | | 36,230 | | | 266 | | 2.91 | | |
Governments and official institutions | | | 9,849 | | | 6 | | 0.25 | | | | | 13,738 | | | 30 | | 0.87 | | | | | 11,847 | | | 72 | | 2.43 | | |
Time, savings and other | | | 58,380 | | | 132 | | 0.92 | | | | | 48,836 | | | 165 | | 1.34 | | | | | 48,209 | | | 334 | | 2.76 | | |
Total foreign interest-bearing deposits | | | 94,281 | | | 186 | | 0.80 | | | | | 103,972 | | | 320 | | 1.22 | | | | | 96,286 | | | 672 | | 2.78 | | |
Total interest-bearing deposits | | | 736,849 | | | 2,543 | | 1.40 | | | | | 686,863 | | | 3,296 | | 1.91 | | | | | 662,036 | | | 3,846 | | 2.31 | | |
Federal funds purchased, securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings | | | 591,928 | | | 2,221 | | 1.52 | | | | | 459,743 | | | 1,910 | | 1.65 | | | | | 465,511 | | | 3,223 | | 2.76 | | |
Trading account liabilities | | | 69,481 | | | 579 | | 3.38 | | | | | 65,058 | | | 524 | | 3.20 | | | | | 73,702 | | | 661 | | 3.57 | | |
Long-term debt | | | 446,975 | | | 4,316 | | 3.89 | | | | | 255,709 | | | 2,766 | | 4.32 | | | | | 264,934 | | | 2,824 | | 4.26 | | |
Total interest-bearing liabilities(7) | | | 1,845,233 | | | 9,659 | | 2.11 | | | | | 1,467,373 | | | 8,496 | | 2.30 | | | | | 1,466,183 | | | 10,554 | | 2.86 | | |
Noninterest-bearing sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | | | 227,232 | | | | | | | | | | 205,278 | | | | | | | | | | 195,809 | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | | | 217,903 | | | | | | | | | | 99,637 | | | | | | | | | | 77,245 | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 228,766 | | | | | | | | | | 176,566 | | | | | | | | | | 166,454 | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 2,519,134 | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,948,854 | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,905,691 | | | | | | | |
Net interest spread | | | | | | | | 2.63 | | % | | | | | | | | 3.10 | | % | | | | | | | | 2.66 | | % |
Impact of noninterest-bearing sources | | | | | | | | 0.07 | | | | | | | | | | 0.21 | | | | | | | | | | 0.27 | | |
Net interest income/yield on earning assets | | | | | $ | 12,819 | | 2.70 | | % | | | | | $ | 13,406 | | 3.31 | | % | | | | | $ | 11,920 | | 2.93 | | % |
| (5) | Includes consumer finance loans of $2.4 billion, $2.5 billion and $2.6 billion in the third, second and first quarters of 2009, and $2.7 billion in both the fourth and third quarters of 2008, respectively; and other foreign consumer loans of $700 million, $640 million and $596 million in the third, second and first quarters of 2009, and $654 million and $725 million in the fourth and third quarters of 2008, respectively. |
| (6) | Includes domestic commercial real estate loans of $70.7 billion, $72.8 billion and $70.9 billion in the third, second and first quarters of 2009, and $63.6 billion and $62.2 billion in the fourth and third quarters of 2008, and foreign commercial real estate loans of $3.6 billion, $2.8 billion and $1.3 billion in the third, second and first quarters of 2009, and $964 million and $1.0 billion in the fourth and third quarters of 2008, respectively. |
| (7) | Interest income includes the impact of interest rate risk management contracts, which decreased interest income on the underlying assets $136 million, $11 million and $61 million in the third, second and first quarters of 2009, and $41 million and $12 million in the fourth and third quarters of 2008, respectively. Interest expense includes the impact of interest rate risk management contracts, which increased (decreased) interest expense on liabilities $(873) million, $(550) million and $(512) million in the third, second and first quarters of 2009, and $237 million and $86 million in the fourth and third quarters of 2008, respectively. For further information on interest rate contracts, see Interest Rate Risk Management for Nontrading Activities beginning on page 199. |
n/a = not applicable
112
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 9 | | |
Year-to-Date Average Balances and Interest Rates - FTE Basis | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
| | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Average Balance | | Interest Income/ Expense | | Yield/ Rate | | | | Average Balance | | Interest Income/ Expense | | Yield/ Rate | | |
Earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments | | $ | 27,094 | | $ | 493 | | 2.43 | | % | | $ | 10,758 | | $ | 282 | | 3.50 | | % |
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | | | 232,680 | | | 2,567 | | 1.47 | | | | | 135,846 | | | 2,920 | | 2.87 | | |
Trading account assets | | | 216,462 | | | 6,436 | | 3.97 | | | | | 188,894 | | | 7,089 | | 5.01 | | |
Debt securities(1) | | | 268,291 | | | 10,303 | | 5.12 | | | | | 240,347 | | | 9,470 | | 5.25 | | |
Loans and leases(2): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Residential mortgage(3) | | | 253,531 | | | 10,427 | | 5.49 | | | | | 262,488 | | | 11,061 | | 5.62 | | |
Home equity | | | 156,128 | | | 5,123 | | 4.38 | | | | | 129,392 | | | 5,652 | | 5.83 | | |
Discontinued real estate | | | 18,078 | | | 908 | | 6.70 | | | | | 7,397 | | | 399 | | 7.19 | | |
Credit card – domestic | | | 53,444 | | | 4,330 | | 10.83 | | | | | 62,784 | | | 5,059 | | 10.76 | | |
Credit card – foreign | | | 18,973 | | | 1,517 | | 10.69 | | | | | 16,297 | | | 1,521 | | 12.47 | | |
Direct/Indirect consumer(4) | | | 100,349 | | | 4,655 | | 6.20 | | | | | 82,242 | | | 5,220 | | 8.48 | | |
Other consumer(5) | | | 3,346 | | | 187 | | 7.43 | | | | | 3,908 | | | 251 | | 8.58 | | |
Total consumer | | | 603,849 | | | 27,147 | | 6.00 | | | | | 564,508 | | | 29,163 | | 6.90 | | |
Commercial – domestic | | | 229,462 | | | 6,793 | | 3.96 | | | | | 218,702 | | | 8,812 | | 5.38 | | |
Commercial real estate(6) | | | 74,021 | | | 1,777 | | 3.21 | | | | | 62,746 | | | 2,351 | | 5.00 | | |
Commercial lease financing | | | 22,050 | | | 717 | | 4.33 | | | | | 22,364 | | | 557 | | 3.32 | | |
Commercial – foreign | | | 33,878 | | | 1,119 | | 4.42 | | | | | 32,254 | | | 1,130 | | 4.68 | | |
Total commercial | | | 359,411 | | | 10,406 | | 3.87 | | | | | 336,066 | | | 12,850 | | 5.11 | | |
Total loans and leases | | | 963,260 | | | 37,553 | | 5.21 | | | | | 900,574 | | | 42,013 | | 6.23 | | |
Other earning assets | | | 129,919 | | | 3,883 | | 3.99 | | | | | 68,198 | | | 3,202 | | 6.27 | | |
Total earning assets(7) | | | 1,837,706 | | | 61,235 | | 4.45 | | | | | 1,544,617 | | | 64,976 | | 5.61 | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 184,650 | | | | | | | | | | 34,598 | | | | | | | |
Other assets, less allowance for loan and lease losses | | | 420,549 | | | | | | | | | | 229,550 | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 2,442,905 | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,808,765 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Interest-bearing liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Domestic interest-bearing deposits: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Savings | | $ | 33,645 | | $ | 161 | | 0.64 | | % | | $ | 32,419 | | $ | 172 | | 0.71 | | % |
NOW and money market deposit accounts | | | 347,603 | | | 1,169 | | 0.45 | | | | | 261,918 | | | 2,968 | | 1.51 | | |
Consumer CDs and IRAs | | | 226,555 | | | 4,219 | | 2.49 | | | | | 195,318 | | | 5,569 | | 3.81 | | |
Negotiable CDs, public funds and other time deposits | | | 39,649 | | | 391 | | 1.32 | | | | | 30,838 | | | 806 | | 3.49 | | |
Total domestic interest-bearing deposits | | | 647,452 | | | 5,940 | | 1.23 | | | | | 520,493 | | | 9,515 | | 2.44 | | |
Foreign interest-bearing deposits: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Banks located in foreign countries | | | 20,381 | | | 114 | | 0.75 | | | | | 36,401 | | | 938 | | 3.44 | | |
Governments and official institutions | | | 7,893 | | | 14 | | 0.23 | | | | | 12,758 | | | 281 | | 2.94 | | |
Time, savings and other | | | 55,214 | | | 267 | | 0.65 | | | | | 52,211 | | | 1,220 | | 3.12 | | |
Total foreign interest-bearing deposits | | | 83,488 | | | 395 | | 0.63 | | | | | 101,370 | | | 2,439 | | 3.21 | | |
Total interest-bearing deposits | | | 730,940 | | | 6,335 | | 1.16 | | | | | 621,863 | | | 11,954 | | 2.57 | | |
Federal funds purchased, securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings | | | 501,485 | | | 4,854 | | 1.29 | | | | | 454,355 | | | 10,452 | | 3.07 | | |
Trading account liabilities | | | 68,530 | | | 1,484 | | 2.90 | | | | | 75,553 | | | 2,250 | | 3.98 | | |
Long-term debt | | | 447,038 | | | 12,048 | | 3.60 | | | | | 223,017 | | | 7,172 | | 4.29 | | |
Total interest-bearing liabilities(7) | | | 1,747,993 | | | 24,721 | | 1.89 | | | | | 1,374,788 | | | 31,828 | | 3.09 | | |
Noninterest-bearing sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | | | 245,242 | | | | | | | | | | 188,800 | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | | | 207,032 | | | | | | | | | | 84,287 | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 242,638 | | | | | | | | | | 160,890 | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 2,442,905 | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,808,765 | | | | | | | |
Net interest spread | | | | | | | | 2.56 | | % | | | | | | | | 2.52 | | % |
Impact of noninterest-bearing sources | | | | | | | | 0.09 | | | | | | | | | | 0.34 | | |
Net interest income/yield on earning assets | | | | | $ | 36,514 | | 2.65 | | % | | | | | $ | 33,148 | | 2.86 | | % |
| (1) | Yields on AFS debt securities are calculated based on fair value rather than historical cost balances. The use of fair value does not have a material impact on net interest yield. |
| (2) | Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is recognized on a cash basis. Purchased impaired loans were written down to fair value upon acquisition and accrete interest income over the remaining life of the loan. |
| (3) | Includes foreign residential mortgages of $647 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009. |
| (4) | Includes foreign consumer loans of $7.8 billion and $3.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. |
| (5) | Includes consumer finance loans of $2.5 billion and $2.8 billion, and other foreign consumer loans of $646 million and $814 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. |
| (6) | Includes domestic commercial real estate loans of $71.5 billion and $61.6 billion, and foreign commercial real estate loans of $2.5 billion and $1.1billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. |
| (7) | Interest income includes the impact of interest rate risk management contracts, which decreased interest income on the underlying assets $208 million and $219 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. Interest expense includes the impact of interest rate risk management contracts, which increased (decreased) interest expense on liabilities $(1.9) billion and $172 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. For further information on interest rate contracts, see Interest Rate Risk Management for Nontrading Activities beginning on page 199. |
113
|
Business Segment Operations |
Segment Description
The Corporation reports the results of its operations through six business segments:Deposits, Global Card Services, Home Loans & Insurance, Global Banking, Global MarketsandGWIM, with the remaining operations recorded inAll Other. Effective January 1, 2009, as a result of the Merrill Lynch acquisition, we changed the basis of presentation from three segments to the above six segments. The formerGlobal Consumer and Small Business Bankingnow is reflected in three separate business segments: Deposits, Global Card Servicesand Home Loans & Insurance.In order to better coordinate our consumer payments businesses, we consolidated all our consumer and small business card products intoGlobal Card Services; therefore, debit card has moved fromDeposits toGlobal Card Services.The former Global Corporate and Investment Bankingnow is divided into Global Bankingand Global Markets.Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. These changes did not have an impact on the previously reported consolidated results of the Corporation. For more information on our basis of presentation, selected financial information for the business segments and reconciliations to consolidated total revenue and net income, seeNote 19 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Basis of Presentation
We prepare and evaluate segment results using certain non-GAAP methodologies and performance measures, many of which are discussed in Supplemental Financial Data beginning on page 107. We begin by evaluating the operating results of the segments which by definition exclude merger and restructuring charges. The segment results also reflect certain revenue and expense methodologies which are utilized to determine net income. The net interest income of the business segments includes the results of a funds transfer pricing process that matches assets and liabilities with similar interest rate sensitivity and maturity characteristics.
Our ALM activities maintain an overall interest rate risk management strategy that incorporates the use of interest rate contracts to manage fluctuations in earnings that are caused by interest rate volatility. Our goal is to manage interest rate sensitivity so that movements in interest rates do not significantly adversely affect net interest income. The results of the business segments will fluctuate based on the performance of corporate ALM activities. ALM activities are recorded in the business segments such as external product pricing decisions, including deposit pricing strategies, the effects of our internal funds transfer pricing process as well as the net effects of other ALM activities. In addition, certain residual impacts of the funds transfer pricing process are retained inAll Other.
Also, the management accounting reporting process derives segment and business results by utilizing allocation methodologies for expense and capital. The net income derived for the business segments is dependent upon cost allocations using an activity-based costing model and other methodologies and assumptions management believes are appropriate to reflect the results of the business segments.
Certain expenses not directly attributable to a specific business segment are allocated to the segments based on pre-determined means. The most significant of these expenses include data and item processing costs and certain centralized or shared functions. Data processing costs are allocated to the segments based on equipment usage. Item processing costs are allocated to the segments based on the volume of items processed for each segment. The costs of certain centralized or shared functions are allocated based on methodologies which reflect utilization.
Equity is allocated to business segments and related businesses using a risk-adjusted methodology incorporating each unit’s stand-alone credit, market, interest rate and operational risk components. The nature of these risks is discussed further beginning on page 149. The Corporation benefits from the diversification of risk across these components which is reflected as a reduction to allocated equity for each segment. Average equity is allocated to the business segments and the businesses, and is impacted by the portion of goodwill that is specifically assigned to them.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Net interest income(1) | | $ | 1,740 | | | $ | 2,892 | | | $ | 5,382 | | | $ | 7,999 | |
Noninterest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Service charges | | | 1,906 | | | | 1,820 | | | | 5,156 | | | | 5,125 | |
All other income | | | 20 | | | | 13 | | | | 22 | | | | 58 | |
Total noninterest income | | | 1,926 | | | | 1,833 | | | | 5,178 | | | | 5,183 | |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 3,666 | | | | 4,725 | | | | 10,560 | | | | 13,182 | |
| | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 102 | | | | 98 | | | | 289 | | | | 293 | |
Noninterest expense | | | 2,336 | | | | 2,098 | | | | 7,318 | | | | 6,566 | |
Income before income taxes | | | 1,228 | | | | 2,529 | | | | 2,953 | | | | 6,323 | |
Income tax expense(1) | | | 430 | | | | 954 | | | | 1,041 | | | | 2,374 | |
Net income | | $ | 798 | | | $ | 1,575 | | | $ | 1,912 | | | $ | 3,949 | |
| | | | |
Net interest yield(1) | | | 1.66 | % | | | 3.13 | % | | | 1.79 | % | | | 3.10 | % |
Return on average equity | | | 13.26 | | | | 26.01 | | | | 10.81 | | | | 21.59 | |
Efficiency ratio(1) | | | 63.72 | | | | 44.41 | | | | 69.30 | | | | 49.82 | |
| | | | |
Average Balance Sheet | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total earning assets(2) | | $ | 417,095 | | | $ | 367,824 | | | $ | 402,318 | | | $ | 344,312 | |
Total assets(2) | | | 443,982 | | | | 393,400 | | | | 428,945 | | | | 374,234 | |
Total deposits | | | 418,511 | | | | 377,778 | | | | 403,587 | | | | 350,765 | |
Allocated equity | | | 23,874 | | | | 24,088 | | | | 23,646 | | | | 24,429 | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | September 30 | |
| | | | | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Period-end Balance Sheet | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total earning assets(2) | | | | | | | | | | $ | 415,508 | | | $ | 370,507 | |
Total assets(2) | | | | | | | | | | | 442,274 | | | | 397,651 | |
Total deposits | | | | | | | | | | | 416,949 | | | | 381,811 | |
| (2) | Total earning assets and total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits). |
Deposits includes the results of consumer deposits activities which consist of a comprehensive range of products provided to consumers and small businesses. In addition, Depositsincludes our student lending results and the residual effect of our ALM activities. In the U.S., we serve approximately 53 million consumer and small business relationships through a franchise that stretches coast to coast through 32 states and the District of Columbia utilizing our network of 6,008 banking centers, 18,254 domestic branded ATMs, and telephone and internet channels.
Our deposit products include traditional savings accounts, money market savings accounts, CDs and IRAs, and noninterest- and interest-bearing checking accounts. Deposit products provide a relatively stable source of funding and liquidity. We earn net interest spread revenues from investing this liquidity in earning assets through client-facing lending and ALM activities. The revenue is allocated to the deposit products using our funds transfer pricing process which takes into account the interest rates and maturity characteristics of the deposits. Deposits also generate fees such as account service fees, non-sufficient fund fees, overdraft charges and ATM fees.
During the third quarter of 2009, we announced changes in our overdraft fee policies intended to help customers limit overdraft fees. These changes will negatively impact net revenue beginning in the fourth quarter of 2009. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2009, the Federal Reserve is expected to issue the final Electronic Funds Transfer Act (i.e., Regulation E) which could negatively impact future net revenue growth. We continue to review the potential impact these initiatives may have on the Corporation’s consolidated financial results.
We added 39 thousand and 433 thousand net new retail checking accounts during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, a decrease of 784 thousand and 1,621 thousand from the same periods in 2008. The reduction was attributable to lower sales activity and higher closure volume resulting from the current economic environment.
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Additionally, unit sales activity was negatively impacted as we are shifting our sales efforts to focus on opening higher quality accounts. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, our active online banking customer base grew to 29.7 million subscribers, an increase of 1.1 million net subscribers from September 30, 2008. In addition, our active bill pay users paid $239.4 billion of bills online during the first nine months of 2009 compared to $229.1 billion in the same period of 2008.
Deposits includes the net impact of migrating customers and their related deposit balances betweenGWIM andDeposits. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, total deposits of $2.9 billion and $43.4 billion were migrated toDepositsfromGWIM.Conversely, $3.3 billion and $15.9 billion of deposits were migrated fromDeposits toGWIMduring the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008. The directional shift was mainly due to client segmentation threshold changes resulting from the Merrill Lynch acquisition, partially offset by the acceleration in 2008 of moving clients intoGWIMas part of our growth initiatives for our mass affluent and retirement customers. After migration, the associated net interest income, service charges and noninterest expense are recorded in the applicable segment.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2008
Net income decreased $777 million, or 49 percent, to $798 million driven by lower net revenue and higher noninterest expense.
Net interest income decreased $1.2 billion, or 40 percent, to $1.7 billion as a result of a lower residual net interest income allocation from ALM activities and spread compression due to declining interest rates. Average deposits grew $40.7 billion, or 11 percent, due to migration of certain households’ deposits fromGWIM and organic growth. This increase was partially offset by the expected decline in higher-yielding Countrywide deposits.
Noninterest income increased $93 million, or five percent, due to an increase in service charges of $86 million. The positive impacts of revenue initiatives and account growth were partially offset by changes in consumer spending behavior attributable to current economic conditions.
Noninterest expense increased $238 million, or 11 percent, to $2.3 billion primarily due to increased FDIC expenses.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008
Net income decreased $2.0 billion, or 52 percent, driven by lower net revenue and higher noninterest expense. Net interest income decreased $2.6 billion, or 33 percent, while average deposits grew $52.8 billion, or 15 percent. Noninterest income remained relatively flat at $5.2 billion and noninterest expense increased $752 million, or 11 percent due to increased FDIC expense, including a special assessment recorded in the second quarter of 2009, partially offset by lower operating costs. The other period-over-period changes were driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion above and the Countrywide acquisition.
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| | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Net interest income(1) | | $ | 4,995 | | | $ | 4,930 | | | $ | 15,312 | | | $ | 14,279 | |
Noninterest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Card income | | | 2,183 | | | | 2,289 | | | | 6,462 | | | | 7,564 | |
All other income | | | 149 | | | | 534 | | | | 407 | | | | 1,359 | |
Total noninterest income | | | 2,332 | | | | 2,823 | | | | 6,869 | | | | 8,923 | |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 7,327 | | | | 7,753 | | | | 22,181 | | | | 23,202 | |
| | | | |
Provision for credit losses(2) | | | 6,975 | | | | 5,602 | | | | 23,157 | | | | 14,314 | |
Noninterest expense | | | 1,968 | | | | 2,405 | | | | 6,024 | | | | 6,980 | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | (1,616) | | | | (254) | | | | (7,000) | | | | 1,908 | |
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | | | (580) | | | | (87) | | | | (2,473) | | | | 664 | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (1,036) | | | $ | (167) | | | $ | (4,527) | | | $ | 1,244 | |
| | | | |
Net interest yield(1) | | | 9.30 | % | | | 8.16 | % | | | 9.29 | % | | | 8.01 | % |
Return on average equity | | | n/m | | | | n/m | | | | n/m | | | | 4.28 | |
Efficiency ratio(1) | | | 26.87 | | | | 31.03 | | | | 27.16 | | | | 30.09 | |
| | | | |
Average Balance Sheet | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans and leases | | $ | 213,340 | | | $ | 239,951 | | | $ | 220,666 | | | $ | 237,817 | |
Total earning assets | | | 212,976 | | | | 240,298 | | | | 220,466 | | | | 238,204 | |
Total assets | | | 228,384 | | | | 261,798 | | | | 236,937 | | | | 260,475 | |
Allocated equity | | | 41,037 | | | | 39,008 | | | | 41,177 | | | | 38,814 | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | September 30 | |
| | | | | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Period-end Balance Sheet | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans and leases | | | | | | | | | | $ | 207,727 | | | $ | 235,998 | |
Total earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | 207,520 | | | | 236,157 | |
Total assets | | | | | | | | | | | 223,980 | | | | 256,885 | |
| (2) | Represents provision for credit losses on held loans combined with realized credit losses associated with the securitized loan portfolio. |
n/m = not meaningful
Global Card Services provides a broad offering of products, including U.S. consumer and business card, consumer lending, international card and debit card to consumers and small businesses. We provide credit card products to customers in the U.S., Canada, Ireland, Spain and the United Kingdom. We offer a variety of co-branded and affinity credit and debit card products and are one of the leading issuers of credit cards through endorsed marketing in the U.S. and Europe.
The Corporation reports itsGlobalCard Services results on a managed basis which is consistent with the way that management evaluates the results of the business. Managed basis assumes that securitized loans were not sold and presents earnings on these loans in a manner similar to the way loans that have not been sold (i.e., held loans) are presented. Loan securitization is an alternative funding process that is used by the Corporation to diversify funding sources. Loan securitization removes loans from the Consolidated Balance Sheet through the sale of loans to an off-balance sheet QSPE which is excluded from the Corporation’s Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP.
Securitized loans continue to be serviced by the business and are subject to the same underwriting standards and ongoing monitoring as held loans. In addition, excess servicing income is exposed to similar credit risk and repricing of interest rates as held loans. The financial market disruptions that began in 2007 continued to impact the economy and financial services sector. Starting late in the third quarter of 2008 and continuing into the first quarter of 2009, liquidity for asset-backed securitizations became disrupted and spreads rose to historic highs which negatively impacted our credit card securitization programs. Beginning in March 2009, conditions started to improve with spreads narrowing and liquidity returning to the marketplace, however, we have not yet returned to the market during the nine months ended September 30, 2009. For more information, see the Liquidity Risk and Capital Management discussion beginning on page 150.
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On June 12, 2009, the FASB issued SFAS 166 and SFAS 167 which will result in the consolidation of our credit card securitization trusts that are not currently recorded on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. For more information on SFAS 166 and SFAS 167, see Estimated Impact of Adopting SFAS 166 and 167 beginning on page 155.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2008
Global Card Services recorded a net loss of $1.0 billion compared to $167 million for the same period in 2008 as higher provision for credit losses and lower noninterest income were partially offset by a decrease in noninterest expense and higher net interest income.
Net interest income grew to $5.0 billion from $4.9 billion driven by increased loan spreads due to the beneficial impact of lower short-term interest rates on our funding costs partially offset by a decrease in managed average loans of $26.6 billion, or 11 percent.
Noninterest income decreased $491 million, or 17 percent, to $2.3 billion driven by decreases in all other income of $385 million, or 72 percent, and card income of $106 million, or five percent. The decrease in card income resulted from lower credit card interchange and fee income primarily due to changes in consumer retail purchase and payment behavior in the current economic environment. This was partially offset by a negative valuation adjustment on the interest-only strip recorded in the same period in 2008. The decrease in all other income was due to the absence of the gain on the sale of a card portfolio recorded in the same period in 2008.
Provision for credit losses increased by $1.4 billion to $7.0 billion as economic conditions led to higher losses, including an increased level of bankruptcies. Also contributing were higher reserve additions related to maturing credit card securitizations. These increases were partially offset by reductions in the reserves in the third quarter of 2009 due to improved delinquencies. This compares to additions to the reserves in the same period in 2008. For further discussion, see Provision for Credit Losses beginning on page 192.
Noninterest expense decreased $437 million, or 18 percent, to $2.0 billion due to lower marketing and operating costs.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008
Global Card Services recorded a net loss of $4.5 billion compared to net income of $1.2 billion for the same period in 2008 as higher provision for credit losses and lower noninterest income were partially offset by growth in net interest income and a decrease in noninterest expense. Net interest income increased $1.0 billion, or seven percent, to $15.3 billion, noninterest income decreased $2.1 billion, or 23 percent, to $6.9 billion, provision for credit losses increased $8.8 billion to $23.2 billion and noninterest expense decreased $956 million, or 14 percent. These period-over-period changes were driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion above. In addition, noninterest income and noninterest expense were unfavorably impacted by the absence ofGlobal Card Services’ share of the Visa-related gain recorded in the first quarter of 2008.
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Key Statistics
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | | 2009 | | | | | | 2008 | | | | | | 2009 | | | | | | 2008 | | |
Global Card Services | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average – total loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Managed | | $ | 213,340 | | | | | $ | 239,951 | | | | | $ | 220,666 | | | | | $ | 237,817 | | |
Held | | | 115,820 | | | | | | 134,032 | | | | | | 119,939 | | | | | | 131,640 | | |
Period end – total loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Managed | | | 207,727 | | | | | | 235,998 | | | | | | 207,727 | | | | | | 235,998 | | |
Held | | | 113,399 | | | | | | 133,950 | | | | | | 113,399 | | | | | | 133,950 | | |
Managed net losses(1): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amount | | | 7,536 | | | | | | 4,185 | | | | | | 20,038 | | | | | | 11,100 | | |
Percent(2) | | | 14.02 | | | % | | | 6.94 | | | % | | | 12.14 | | | % | | | 6.23 | | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Credit Card (3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average – total loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Managed | | $ | 168,460 | | | | | $ | 186,408 | | | | | $ | 173,144 | | | | | $ | 185,258 | | |
Held | | | 70,940 | | | | | | 80,489 | | | | | | 72,417 | | | | | | 79,081 | | |
Period end – total loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Managed | | | 164,534 | | | | | | 183,398 | | | | | | 164,534 | | | | | | 183,398 | | |
Held | | | 70,206 | | | | | | 81,350 | | | | | | 70,206 | | | | | | 81,350 | | |
Managed net losses(1): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amount | | | 5,477 | | | | | | 2,996 | | | | | | 14,318 | | | | | | 8,119 | | |
Percent(2) | | | 12.90 | | | % | | | 6.40 | | | % | | | 11.06 | | | % | | | 5.85 | | % |
| (1) | Represents net charge-offs on held loans combined with realized credit losses associated with the securitized loan portfolio. |
| (2) | Ratios are calculated as annualized managed net losses divided by average outstanding managed loans during the period. |
| (3) | Includes U.S., Europe and Canada consumer credit card. Does not include business card, debit card and consumer lending. |
The table above and the following discussion presents select key indicators for theGlobal Card Servicesand credit card portfolios.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2008
ManagedGlobal Card Services net losses increased $3.4 billion to $7.5 billion, or 14.02 percent of average outstandings compared to $4.2 billion, or 6.94 percent in the same period in 2008. This increase was driven by portfolio deterioration due to economic conditions including a higher level of bankruptcies. Additionally, consumer lending net charge-offs increased $579 million to $1.2 billion, or 20.27 percent of average outstandings compared to $608 million, or 8.43 percent in the same period of 2008. Lower loan balances driven by reduced marketing and tightened credit criteria also adversely impacted net charge-off ratios.
Managed credit card net losses increased $2.5 billion to $5.5 billion, or 12.90 percent of average credit card outstandings compared to $3.0 billion, or 6.40 percent in the same period in 2008. The increase was driven by portfolio deterioration due to economic conditions including a higher level of bankruptcies.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008
ManagedGlobal Card Services net losses increased $8.9 billion to $20.0 billion, or 12.14 percent of average outstandings compared to $11.1 billion, or 6.23 percent in the same period in 2008. Additionally, consumer lending net charge-offs increased $1.9 billion to $3.3 billion, or 17.40 percent of average outstandings compared to $1.5 billion, or 7.13 percent in the same period of 2008. Managed credit card net losses increased $6.2 billion to $14.3 billion, or 11.06 percent of average credit card outstandings compared to $8.1 billion, or 5.85 percent in the same period in 2008. These increases were driven by the same factors as described above.
For more information on credit quality, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management beginning on page 160.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Net interest income(1) | | $ | 1,309 | | | $ | 1,135 | | | $ | 3,691 | | | $ | 2,305 | |
Noninterest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage banking income | | | 1,424 | | | | 1,755 | | | | 7,505 | | | | 2,819 | |
Insurance income | | | 594 | | | | 569 | | | | 1,728 | | | | 770 | |
All other income | | | 84 | | | | 15 | | | | 177 | | | | 164 | |
Total noninterest income | | | 2,102 | | | | 2,339 | | | | 9,410 | | | | 3,753 | |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 3,411 | | | | 3,474 | | | | 13,101 | | | | 6,058 | |
| | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 2,897 | | | | 818 | | | | 8,995 | | | | 4,664 | |
Noninterest expense | | | 3,041 | | | | 2,741 | | | | 8,519 | | | | 4,211 | |
Loss before income taxes | | | (2,527 | ) | | | (85 | ) | | | (4,413 | ) | | | (2,817 | ) |
Income tax benefit(1) | | | (895 | ) | | | (31 | ) | | | (1,563 | ) | | | (1,042 | ) |
Net loss | | $ | (1,632 | ) | | $ | (54 | ) | | $ | (2,850 | ) | | $ | (1,775 | ) |
| | | | |
Net interest yield(1) | | | 2.59 | % | | | 3.05 | % | | | 2.55 | % | | | 2.68 | % |
Efficiency ratio(1) | | | 89.19 | | | | 78.90 | | | | 65.03 | | | | 69.51 | |
| | | | |
Average Balance Sheet | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans and leases | | $ | 132,599 | | | $ | 122,034 | | | $ | 129,910 | | | $ | 100,237 | |
Total earning assets | | | 200,539 | | | | 148,209 | | | | 193,802 | | | | 115,076 | |
Total assets | | | 236,200 | | | | 179,998 | | �� | | 229,321 | | | | 128,333 | |
Allocated equity | | | 24,669 | | | | 16,236 | | | | 18,337 | | | | 7,515 | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | September 30 | |
| | | | | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Period-end Balance Sheet | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans and leases | | | | | | | | | | $ | 134,255 | | | $ | 122,975 | |
Total earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | 197,666 | | | | 167,338 | |
Total assets | | | | | | | | | | | 234,842 | | | | 178,956 | |
Home Loans & Insurance generates revenue by providing an extensive line of consumer real estate products and services to customers nationwide.Home Loans & Insurance products are available to our customers through a retail network of 6,008 banking centers, mortgage loan officers in approximately 950 locations and a sales force offering our customers direct telephone and online access to our products. These products are also offered through our correspondent and wholesale loan acquisition channels.Home Loans & Insuranceproducts include fixed and adjustable rate first-lien mortgage loans for home purchase and refinancing needs, reverse mortgages, home equity lines of credit and home equity loans. First mortgage products are either sold into the secondary mortgage market to investors, while retaining MSRs and the Bank of America customer relationships, or are held on our balance sheet inAll Other for ALM purposes.Home Loans & Insuranceis not impacted by the Corporation’s mortgage production retention decisions asHome Loans & Insuranceis compensated for the decision on a management accounting basis with a corresponding offset recorded inAll Other. In addition,Home Loans & Insuranceoffers property, casualty, life, disability and credit insurance.
Effective July 1, 2008, Countrywide’s results of operations are included in the Corporation’s consolidated results. While the results of Countrywide’s deposit operations are included inDeposits, the majority of its ongoing operations are recorded inHome Loans & Insurance. Countrywide’s acquired first mortgage and discontinued real estate portfolios were recorded inAll Otherand are managed as part of our overall ALM activities. For more information related to the Countrywide acquisition, seeNote 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Home Loans & Insurance includes the impact of migrating customers and their related loan balances betweenGWIMandHome Loans & Insurance. After migration, the associated net interest income and noninterest expense are recorded in the applicable segment. Total loans of $2.4 billion and $16.1 billion were migrated fromGWIM during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $148 million and $2.1 billion in the same periods in 2008. The increase was mainly due to client segmentation threshold changes resulting from the Merrill Lynch acquisition.
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2008
Home Loans & Insurancerecorded a net loss of $1.6 billion compared to $54 million for the same period in 2008 as higher provision for credit losses, an increase in noninterest expense and a decrease in noninterest income were partially offset by growth in net interest income.
Net interest income grew $174 million, or 15 percent, driven primarily by an increase in average LHFS and home equity loans. The $16.1 billion increase in average LHFS was the result of higher mortgage loan volume driven by the lower interest rate environment. The growth in average home equity loans of $9.7 billion, or eight percent, was due primarily to the Merrill Lynch acquisition and the migration of certain households’ loans fromGWIM to theHome Loans & Insurance segment.
Noninterest income decreased $237 million, or 10 percent, to $2.1 billion driven by lower mortgage banking income. Mortgage banking income decreased $331 million due to lower MSR performance, net of hedge activities, partially offset by increased mortgage production. For more information on mortgage banking income, see the discussion below.
Provision for credit losses increased $2.1 billion to $2.9 billion driven by economic and housing market weakness particularly in geographic areas experiencing higher unemployment and falling home prices. Additionally, reserves were increased by $726 million in the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio reflecting a reduction in expected principal cash flows. For further discussion, see Provision for Credit Losses beginning on page 192.
Noninterest expense increased $300 million to $3.0 billion primarily driven by increased compensation costs and other expenses related to higher production volume and higher delinquencies.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008
Home Loans & Insurancerecorded a net loss of $2.9 billion compared to $1.8 billion for the same period in 2008, as higher provision for credit losses of $4.3 billion and an increase in noninterest expense of $4.3 billion were partially offset by growth in noninterest income of $5.7 billion and net interest income of $1.4 billion. Net interest income grew to $3.7 billion due to the growth in average home equity loans of $28.4 billion, or 29 percent, and a $19.1 billion increase in average LHFS. In addition, the increase in noninterest income was driven by higher mortgage banking income which benefited as lower current interest rates drove higher production income. These period-over-period changes were driven in large part by the Countrywide acquisition as well as the credit factors as described in the three-month discussion above.
Mortgage Banking Income
We categorizeHome Loans & Insurance’s mortgage banking income into production and servicing income. Production income is comprised of revenue from the fair value gains and losses recognized on our IRLCs and LHFS, and the related secondary market execution, and costs related to representations and warranties provided in the sales transactions and other obligations incurred in the sales of mortgage loans. In addition, production income includes revenue for transfers of mortgage loans from Home Loans & Insuranceto the ALM portfolio related to the Corporation’s mortgage production retention decisions which is eliminated in consolidation inAll Other.
Servicing activities primarily include collecting cash for principal, interest and escrow payments from borrowers, disbursing customer draws for lines of credit and accounting for and remitting principal and interest payments to investors and escrow payments to third parties. Our workout efforts are also part of our servicing activities, along with responding to customer inquiries and supervising foreclosures and property dispositions. Servicing income includes ancillary income derived in connection with these activities such as late fees and MSR valuation adjustments, net of economic hedge activities.
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The following table summarizes the components of mortgage banking income:
| | | | | | | | |
Mortgage banking income |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
| | | | |
Production income | | $ 1,110 | | $ 749 | | $ 4,435 | | $ 1,428 |
| | | | |
Servicing income: | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Servicing fees and ancillary income | | 1,600 | | 1,526 | | 4,635 | | 2,041 |
| | | | |
Impact of customer payments | | (906) | | (1,425) | | (2,888) | | (1,855) |
| | | | |
Fair value changes of MSRs, net of economic hedge results | | (519) | | 823 | | 925 | | 1,123 |
| | | | |
Other servicing-related revenue | | 139 | | 82 | | 398 | | 82 |
Total net servicing income | | 314 | | 1,006 | | 3,070 | | 1,391 |
Total Home Loans & Insurance mortgage banking income | | 1,424 | | 1,755 | | 7,505 | | 2,819 |
Other business segments’ mortgage banking income (loss)(1) | | (126) | | (81) | | (366) | | (255) |
Total consolidated mortgage banking income | | $ 1,298 | | $ 1,674 | | $ 7,139 | | $ 2,564 |
(1) Includes the offset of revenue for transfers of mortgage loans fromHome Loans & Insurance to the ALM portfolio included inAll Other.
Production income increased $361 million and $3.0 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008. This increase was driven by higher mortgage volumes due primarily to the lower interest rate environment. In addition, the increase in the nine-month comparison was in large part attributable to the Countrywide acquisition.
Net servicing income decreased $692 million for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and increased $1.7 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008. The decrease in the three-month comparison was primarily due to lower MSR performance, net of hedge activities, partially offset by the improved impact of customer payments. During the current quarter, MSR performance, net of hedge activities, was negatively impacted by an improvement in the forecast for home prices, and an associated decrease in the projected duration of the MSR. During the comparable period in 2008, MSR performance, net of hedge activities, was positively impacted by reduced prepayment speed expectations driven by weakness in the housing market. The increase in the nine-month comparison was due to higher servicing fees and ancillary income partially offset by the increased impact of customer payments. These changes were due mainly to the Countrywide acquisition. For further discussion on MSRs and the related hedge instruments, see Mortgage Banking Risk Management on page 204.
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The following table presents select key indicators forHome Loans & Insurance.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Home Loans & Insurance Key Statistics |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions, except as noted) | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | | | 2008 | | |
Loan production | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Home Loans & Insurance: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First mortgage | | $ | 90,319 | | $ | 49,625 | | $ | 273,473 | | | | $ | 86,184 | | |
Home equity | | | 2,287 | | | 5,260 | | | 8,130 | | | | | 28,078 | | |
| | | | | | |
Total Corporation(1): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First mortgage | | | 95,654 | | | 51,539 | | | 291,517 | | | | | 95,899 | | |
Home equity | | | 2,739 | | | 7,022 | | | 10,427 | | | | | 35,163 | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Period end | | | | | | September 30, 2009 | | | | December 31, 2008 | | |
Mortgage servicing portfolio (in billions)(2) | | | | | | | | $ | 2,148 | | | | $ | 2,057 | | |
| | | | | | |
Mortgage loans serviced for investors (in billions) | | | | | | | | | 1,726 | | | | | 1,654 | | |
| | | | | | |
Mortgage servicing rights: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance | | | | | | | | | 17,539 | | | | | 12,733 | | |
Capitalized mortgage servicing rights (% of loans serviced) | | | | | | | | | 102 | | bps | | | 77 | | bps |
| (1) | In addition to loan production inHome Loans & Insurance, the remaining first mortgage and home equity loan production is primarily withinGWIM. |
| (2) | Servicing of residential mortgage loans, home equity lines of credit, home equity loans and discontinued real estate mortgage loans. |
First mortgage production inHome Loans & Insurance was $90.3 billion and $273.5 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $49.6 billion and $86.2 billion for the same periods in 2008. The increase of $40.7 billion for the three-month comparison was due to an increase in the mortgage market driven by a decline in interest rates. The increase of $187.3 billion for the nine-month comparison was due in large part to the Countrywide acquisition as well as a decline in interest rates. Home equity production was $2.3 billion and $8.1 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $5.3 billion and $28.1 billion for the same periods in 2008. The decrease of $3.0 billion and $19.9 billion was primarily due to our more stringent underwriting guidelines for home equity lines of credit and loans as well as lower consumer demand.
At September 30, 2009, the consumer MSR balance was $17.5 billion, which represented 102 bps of the related unpaid principal balance as compared to $12.7 billion, or 77 bps of the related principal balance at December 31, 2008. The increase in the consumer MSR balance was driven by changes in the forward interest rate curve, sales of loans partially offset by increased prepayment speed expectations driven by an improvement in the forecast for home prices. This resulted in the 25 bps increase in the capitalized MSRs as a percentage of loans serviced.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | |
Net interest income(1) | | $ | 2,784 | | | $ | 2,748 | | | | | $ | 8,378 | | | $ | 7,641 | | |
Noninterest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Service charges | | | 1,050 | | | | 826 | | | | | | 2,913 | | | | 2,420 | | |
Investment banking income | | | 604 | | | | 241 | | | | | | 2,040 | | | | 956 | | |
All other income | | | 232 | | | | 469 | | | | | | 4,769 | | | | 1,720 | | |
Total noninterest income | | | 1,886 | | | | 1,536 | | | | | | 9,722 | | | | 5,096 | | |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 4,670 | | | | 4,284 | | | | | | 18,100 | | | | 12,737 | | |
| | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 2,340 | | | | 802 | | | | | | 6,772 | | | | 1,728 | | |
Noninterest expense | | | 2,258 | | | | 1,849 | | | | | | 7,131 | | | | 5,505 | | |
Income before income taxes | | | 72 | | | | 1,633 | | | | | | 4,197 | | | | 5,504 | | |
Income tax expense(1) | | | 32 | | | | 609 | | | | | | 1,494 | | | | 2,064 | | |
Net income | | $ | 40 | | | $ | 1,024 | | | | | $ | 2,703 | | | $ | 3,440 | | |
| | | | | | |
Net interest yield(1) | | | 3.18 | % | | | 3.34 | | | % | | | 3.39 | % | | | 3.18 | | % |
Return on average equity | | | 0.26 | | | | 8.06 | | | | | | 6.02 | | | | 9.27 | | |
Efficiency ratio(1) | | | 48.35 | | | | 43.15 | | | | | | 39.40 | | | | 43.22 | | |
| | | | | | |
Average Balance Sheet | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans and leases | | $ | 308,764 | | | $ | 320,813 | | | | | $ | 320,904 | | | $ | 314,031 | | |
Total earning assets | | | 347,202 | | | | 327,520 | | | | | | 330,464 | | | | 320,495 | | |
Total assets | | | 405,178 | | | | 385,111 | | | | | | 387,725 | | | | 377,832 | | |
Total deposits | | | 214,286 | | | | 177,668 | | | | | | 205,285 | | | | 170,162 | | |
Allocated equity | | | 61,327 | | | | 50,558 | | | | | | 59,993 | | | | 49,547 | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | September 30 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | |
Period-end Balance Sheet | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans and leases | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 300,814 | | | $ | 326,970 | | |
Total earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | 324,965 | | | | 338,408 | | |
Total assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | 381,041 | | | | 397,645 | | |
Total deposits | | | | | | | | | | | | | 210,211 | | | | 195,486 | | |
Global Bankingprovides a wide range of lending-related products and services, integrated working capital management, treasury solutions and investment banking services to clients worldwide through our network of offices and client relationship teams along with various product partners. Our clients include multinationals, middle-market and business banking companies, correspondent banks, commercial real estate firms and governments. Our lending products and services include commercial loans and commitment facilities, real estate lending, leasing, trade finance, short-term credit facilities and asset-based lending and indirect consumer loans. Our capital management and treasury solutions include treasury management, foreign exchange and short-term investing options. Our investment banking services provide our commercial and corporate issuer clients with debt and equity underwriting and distribution capabilities as well as merger-related and other advisory services.Global Banking also includes the results of our merchant services joint venture, as discussed below, and the economic hedging of our credit risk to certain exposures utilizing various risk mitigation tools. Our clients are supported in offices throughout the world that are divided into four distinct geographic regions: U.S. and Canada; Asia Pacific; Europe, Middle East, and Africa; and Latin America. For more information on our foreign operations, see Foreign Portfolio beginning on page 189.
During the second quarter of 2009, the Corporation entered into a joint venture agreement with First Data Corporation to form Banc of America Merchant Services, LLC. The joint venture provides payment solutions, including credit, debit and prepaid cards, and check and e-commerce payments, to merchants ranging from small business to corporate and commercial clients worldwide. The Corporation contributed approximately 240,000 current merchant relationships, a sales force of approximately 350 associates, and the use of the Bank of America brand name in addition to a distribution platform that includes more than 6,100 banking centers and 2,500 commercial and corporate bankers. First Data Corporation contributed approximately 140,000 current merchant relationships, 200 sales associates and state of the art technology. The
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joint venture and clients will benefit from both companies’ comprehensive suite of leading payment solutions capabilities. The joint venture is approximately 46.5 percent owned by the Corporation and 48.5 percent owned by First Data Corporation with the remaining stake held by a third party investor. The Corporation accounts for its investment in the joint venture under the equity method of accounting. During the second quarter of 2009, the Corporation recorded a pre-tax gain of $3.8 billion which represents the excess fair value over the book value of our contributed merchant processing business.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2008
Net income decreased $984 million, or 96 percent, to $40 million as an increase in revenue was more than offset by higher provision for credit losses and noninterest expense.
Net interest income remained relatively flat as average deposits grew $36.6 billion, or 21 percent, driven by strong organic growth in the third quarter of 2009 as our clients remain very liquid. In addition, average deposit growth benefited from a flight-to-quality in late 2008. Net interest income also benefited from improved loan spreads on new, renewed or amended facilities. These increases were offset by a $12.0 billion, or four percent, decline in average loan balances due to decreased client demand as capital markets began to open up so that corporate clients could access other funding sources. In addition, net interest income was negatively impacted by a lower residual net interest income allocation related to ALM activities and increased nonperforming loans.
Noninterest income increased $350 million to $1.9 billion, mainly driven by higher investment banking income and service charges partially offset by lower card income. Investment banking income increased $363 million due to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch and strong growth in debt and equity capital markets fees. The increase in service charges of $224 million was driven by the Merrill Lynch acquisition and the impact of fees charged for services provided to the merchant joint venture. All other income decreased $237 million compared to prior year as card income that was historically earned by us is now earned by the merchant joint venture. Partially offsetting this decrease is our proportionate share of the merchant joint venture net income that is accounted for under the equity method of accounting.
The provision for credit losses increased $1.5 billion to $2.3 billion. The increase was driven by higher reserve additions and net charge-offs in the commercial real estate portfolio due to deterioration across various property types. Also contributing were higher net charge-offs within the commercial domestic portfolio, which were across a broad range of borrowers and industries. Partially offsetting these increases was a reduction in reserves in the third quarter of 2009 on the dealer financial services portfolio primarily due to decreased loss severities. This compares to additions to the dealer financial services portfolio reserves in the same period in 2008.
Noninterest expense increased $409 million, or 22 percent, primarily attributable to the impact of the Merrill Lynch acquisition and higher FDIC expenses. These items were partially offset by a reduction in certain merchant related expenses that are now incurred by the merchant joint venture and a change in compensation that delivers a greater portion of incentive pay over time which reduced personnel expenses by $142 million during the three months ended September 30, 2009.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008
Net income decreased $737 million, or 21 percent, as higher total revenue of $5.4 billion was more than offset by increases in provision for credit losses of $5.0 billion and noninterest expense of $1.6 billion. Net interest income increased $737 million to $8.4 billion, as average loans increased $6.9 billion to $320.9 billion and average deposits increased $35.1 billion to $205.3 billion. Noninterest income increased $4.6 billion to $9.7 billion, driven by gain on the contribution of our merchant services business into a joint venture in the second quarter of 2009 partially offset by higher market disruption charges that were recorded inGlobal Banking. The higher provision for credit losses and noninterest expense were primarily driven by the same factors noted in the three month discussion above. In addition, noninterest income and noninterest expense were unfavorably impacted by the absence ofGlobal Banking’s share of the Visa-related gain recorded in the first quarter of 2008. For more information on market disruption charges see theGlobal Markets discussion on page 128.
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Global Banking Revenue
Global Banking evaluates its revenue from two primary client views, global commercial banking and global corporate and investment banking. Global commercial banking primarily includes revenue related to our commercial and business banking clients who are generally defined as companies with sales between $2 million and $2 billion including middle-market and multinational clients as well as commercial real estate clients. Global corporate and investment banking primarily includes revenue related to our large corporate clients including multinationals which are generally defined as companies with sales in excess of $2 billion. Additionally, global corporate and investment banking revenue also includes debt and equity underwriting and merger-related advisory services (net of revenue sharing primarily withGlobal Markets). The following table presents further detail regardingGlobal Banking revenue.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
Global Banking revenue | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Global commercial banking | | $ | 2,905 | | $ | 2,864 | | $ | 12,382 | | $ | 8,501 |
Global corporate and investment banking | | | 1,765 | | | 1,420 | | | 5,718 | | | 4,236 |
Total Global Banking revenue | | $ | 4,670 | | $ | 4,284 | | $ | 18,100 | | $ | 12,737 |
Global Banking revenue increased $386 million to $4.7 billion and $5.4 billion to $18.1 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008.
| • | | Global commercial banking revenue increased $41 million and $3.9 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008, with the nine month amount driven by the gain related to the contribution of the merchant processing business into the joint venture. |
Credit-related revenue within global commercial banking increased $219 million to $1.7 billion and $665 million to $5.0 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 due to the impact of the Merrill Lynch acquisition and improved loan spreads. Average loans and leases decreased $8.8 billion to $215.9 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2009 due to lower client demand that primarily occurred in the third quarter of 2009. Average loans and leases remained flat at $222.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 as increased balances due to the Merrill Lynch acquisition were offset by reduced client demand.
Treasury services-related revenue within global commercial banking decreased $178 million to $1.2 billion in the three months ended September 30, 2009 due to the reduction in market-based interest rates and lower residual net interest income. For the nine-month period revenue increased $3.2 billion to $7.4 billion driven by the $3.8 billion gain related to the contribution of the merchant processing business to the joint venture, partially offset by lower net interest income.
Average treasury services deposit balances increased $25.7 billion to $132.6 billion and $21.6 billion to $126.4 billion driven by strong organic growth in the third quarter of 2009 and a flight-to-quality in late 2008. The increase in noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 was adversely impacted by the absence of the gain associated with the Visa IPO. Treasury services net income decreased $86 million to $386 million and increased $1.8 billion to $3.4 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 as the increase in treasury services-related revenue was partially offset by higher FDIC expenses including the special assessment that occurred during the second quarter of 2009.
| • | | Global corporate and investment banking revenue increased $345 million and $1.5 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008 driven primarily by the Merrill Lynch acquisition which increased debt and equity capital markets fees, and higher net interest income due mainly to growth in average deposits. |
Credit-related revenue within global corporate and investment banking increased $60 million to $607 million and $415 million to $2.1 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 driven by improved loan spreads and the impact of the Merrill Lynch acquisition, partially offset by the adverse impact of increased nonperforming loans and the higher cost of credit hedging. Average loans and leases decreased $3.2 billion to $92.9 billion in the three months ended September 30, 2009 due to lower client demand that primarily occurred in the third quarter of 2009 and increased $6.9 billion to $98.7 billion in the nine-month period reflecting the impact of the Merrill Lynch acquisition.
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Treasury services-related revenue within global corporate and investment banking decreased $169 million to $609 million and $316 million to $1.8 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 driven by lower net interest income, service fees and card income. Average deposit balances increased $10.9 billion to $81.7 billion and $13.5 billion to $78.9 billion during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 primarily due to strong organic growth in the third quarter of 2009 and a flight-to-quality in late 2008. Treasury services net income decreased $131 million to $88 million and $262 million to $267 million due to the decreased revenue and higher FDIC expenses.
Investment Banking Income
Product specialists withinGlobal Markets work closely withGlobal Banking on the underwriting and distribution of debt and equity securities and certain other products. In order to reflect the efforts ofGlobal Markets andGlobal Banking in servicing our clients with the best product capabilities, we allocate revenue to the two segments based on relative contribution. Therefore, in order to provide a complete discussion of our consolidated investment banking income, we have included the following table that presents total investment banking income for the Corporation.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 |
Investment banking income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Advisory(1) | | $ | 186 | | | $ | 109 | | | $ | 807 | | | $ | 362 |
Debt issuance | | | 720 | | | | 332 | | | | 2,319 | | | | 1,160 |
Equity issuance | | | 406 | | | | 50 | | | | 1,071 | | | | 400 |
| | | 1,312 | | | | 491 | | | | 4,197 | | | | 1,922 |
Other(2) | | | (58 | ) | | | (17 | ) | | | (242 | ) | | | (277) |
Total investment banking income | | $ | 1,254 | | | $ | 474 | | | $ | 3,955 | | | $ | 1,645 |
| (1) | Advisory includes fees on debt and equity advisory and merger and acquisitions. |
| (2) | Represents the offset to fees paid on the Corporation’s transactions. |
Investment banking income increased $780 million to $1.3 billion and $2.3 billion to $4.0 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008. These increases were largely due to the Merrill Lynch acquisition and favorable market conditions for debt and equity issuances. Debt issuance fees increased $388 million and $1.2 billion due primarily to leveraged finance and investment grade bond issuances. Equity issuance fees increased $356 million and $671 million as we benefited from the increased size of the investment banking platform. Advisory fees increased $77 million and $445 million, attributable to the larger mergers and acquisition and advisory platform.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 |
Net interest income(1) | | $ | 1,462 | | | $ | 1,286 | | | | | $ | 4,870 | | | $ | 3,618 |
Noninterest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment and brokerage services | | | 562 | | | | 195 | | | | | | 1,978 | | | | 601 |
Investment banking income | | | 635 | | | | 251 | | | | | | 1,940 | | | | 966 |
Trading account profits (losses) | | | 3,380 | | | | (499 | ) | | | | | 10,314 | | | | (1,918) |
All other income (loss) | | | (212 | ) | | | (1,072 | ) | | | | | (1,866 | ) | | | (2,543) |
Total noninterest income (loss) | | | 4,365 | | | | (1,125 | ) | | | | | 12,366 | | | | (2,894) |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 5,827 | | | | 161 | | | | | | 17,236 | | | | 724 |
| | | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 98 | | | | (24 | ) | | | | | 148 | | | | (63) |
Noninterest expense | | | 2,328 | | | | 1,120 | | | | | | 7,962 | | | | 2,802 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 3,401 | | | | (935 | ) | | | | | 9,126 | | | | (2,015) |
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) | | | 1,211 | | | | (347 | ) | | | | | 3,099 | | | | (752) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 2,190 | | | $ | (588 | ) | | | | $ | 6,027 | | | $ | (1,263) |
| | | | | |
Return on average equity | | | 19.87 | % | | | n/m | | | | | | 23.62 | % | | | n/m |
Efficiency ratio(1) | | | 39.96 | | | | n/m | | | | | | 46.20 | | | | n/m |
| | | | | |
Average Balance Sheet | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total trading-related assets(2) | | $ | 495,757 | | | $ | 347,088 | | | | | $ | 512,325 | | | $ | 345,779 |
Total market-based earning assets | | | 468,999 | | | | 369,921 | | | | | | 478,448 | | | | 377,148 |
Total earning assets | | | 476,450 | | | | 375,009 | | | | | | 488,603 | | | | 382,500 |
Total assets | | | 633,909 | | | | 430,539 | | | | | | 664,690 | | | | 440,311 |
Allocated equity(3) | | | 43,739 | | | | 12,127 | | | | | | 34,121 | | | | 11,937 |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | September 30 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 |
Period end Balance Sheet | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total trading-related assets(2) | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 448,293 | | | $ | 275,703 |
Total market-based earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | 418,931 | | | | 282,260 |
Total earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | 425,402 | | | | 288,107 |
Total assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | 588,641 | | | | 350,326 |
(1) | FTE basis. The FTE adjustment was $82 million and $251 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $62 million and $197 million for the same periods in 2008. |
(2) | Includes assets which are not considered earning assets (i.e., derivative assets). |
(3) | Average allocated equity increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 as compared to the same periods in the prior year due to the Merrill Lynch acquisition and the related higher trading and operational risk. |
n/m = not meaningful
Global Markets provides financial products, advisory services, financing, securities clearing, settlement and custody services globally to our institutional investor clients in support of their investing and trading activities. We also work with our commercial and corporate issuer clients to provide debt and equity underwriting and distribution capabilities and risk management products using interest rate, equity, credit, currency and commodity derivatives, foreign exchange, fixed income and mortgage-related products. The business may take positions in these products and participate in market-making activities dealing in government securities, equity and equity-linked securities, high-grade and high-yield corporate debt securities, commercial paper, mortgage-backed securities and ABS. Underwriting debt and equity, securities research and certain market-based activities are executed through our global broker/dealer affiliates which are our primary dealers in several countries.Global Markets is a leader in the global distribution of fixed income, currency and energy commodity products and derivatives.Global Markets also has one of the largest equity trading operations in the world and is a leader in the origination and distribution of equity and equity-related products.
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2008
Net income increased $2.8 billion to $2.2 billion from a loss of $588 million as increased noninterest income was partially offset by higher noninterest expense.
Net interest income, almost all of which is market based, increased $176 million to $1.5 billion due to growth in average market-based earning assets which increased $99.1 billion or 27 percent, driven primarily by the Merrill Lynch acquisition.
Noninterest income increased $5.5 billion due to the Merrill Lynch acquisition, favorable core trading results and reduced market disruption charges partially offset by a negative credit valuation adjustment on derivative liabilities due to improvement in our credit spreads during the third quarter of 2009. Noninterest expense increased $1.2 billion, largely attributable to the Merrill Lynch acquisition. This increase was partially offset by a change in compensation that delivers a greater portion of incentive pay over time which reduced personnel expenses by $533 million during the three months ended September 30, 2009. For more information relating to our sales and trading revenue, see the following discussion.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008
Net income was $6.0 billion compared to a net loss of $1.3 billion for the same period in 2008. This increase was driven by higher noninterest income of $15.3 billion and net interest income of $1.3 billion partially offset by increased noninterest expense of $5.2 billion. These period-over-period changes were driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion above. Further, personnel expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 benefited from a reduction in performance-based incentive compensation due to changes enacted in the second quarter of 2008.
Sales and Trading Revenue
Global Markets revenue is primarily derived from sales and trading and investment banking activities which are shared betweenGlobal Markets andGlobal Banking.Global Banking originates certain deal-related transactions with our corporate and commercial clients that are executed and distributed byGlobal Markets. In order to reflect the relative contribution of each business segment, a revenue-sharing agreement has been implemented which attributes revenue accordingly (see page 127 for a discussion of investment banking fees on a consolidated basis). In addition, certain gains and losses related to market disruption charges and select trading results are also allocated or shared betweenGlobal Markets andGlobal Banking. Therefore, in order to provide a complete discussion of our sales and trading revenue, we have included the following table and related discussion that presents total sales and trading revenue for the consolidated Corporation. Sales and trading revenue is segregated into fixed income (investment and noninvestment grade corporate debt obligations, CMBS, RMBS and CDOs), currencies (interest rate and foreign exchange contracts) and commodities (primarily futures, forwards, swaps andoptions), and equity income from equity-linked derivatives and cash equity activity. For additional information on sales and trading revenue seeNote 4 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | 2008 | | | | 2009 | | 2008 | |
Sales and trading revenue(1, 2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed income, currency and commodities (FICC) | | $ | 4,041 | | $ | (654) | | | | $ | 11,511 | | $ | (1,800 | ) |
Equity income | | | 1,265 | | | 176 | | | | | 3,952 | | | 760 | |
Total sales and trading revenue | | $ | 5,306 | | $ | (478) | | | | $ | 15,463 | | $ | (1,040 | ) |
| (1) | The FTE adjustment was $82 million and $251 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $62 million and $197 million for the same periods in 2008. |
| (2) | Includes $240 million and $721 million of market disruption charges that were allocated toGlobal Banking during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $137 million and $515 million for the same periods in 2008. |
Sales and trading revenue increased $5.8 billion to $5.3 billion and $16.5 billion to $15.5 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008. All sales and trading products discussed below increased due to the Merrill Lynch acquisition. We recognized market disruption gains during the three months ended September 30, 2009 of $218 million of which a gain of $458 million was included inGlobal Markets compared to a loss of $1.9 billion for the same period in 2008 of which $1.7 billion was recorded inGlobal Markets. Market disruption charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 were $2.8 billion, of which $2.1 billion was included inGlobal Markets as compared to $5.9 billion for the same period in 2008 of which $5.4 billion was recorded inGlobal Markets. Further, we recorded negative credit valuation adjustments on derivative liabilities of $714 million and $631 million for changes in our credit spreads for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to gains of $106 million and $346 million during the same periods in 2008.
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FICC revenue increased $4.7 billion to $4.0 billion and $13.3 billion to $11.5 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008 primarily driven by credit products, which continued to benefit from improved market liquidity and tighter credit spreads.
| • | | During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, we incurred $287 million and $2.0 billion of losses resulting from our CDO exposure, which includes our super senior, warehouse, sales and trading positions, our hedging activities and counterparty credit risk valuations. This compares to $952 million and $3.1 billion in CDO-related losses for the same periods in 2008. Included in the above losses were $149 million and $777 million of losses recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 to cover counterparty risk on our CDO-related exposure compared to $225 million and $612 million for the same periods in 2008. Additionally, we recorded other-than-temporary impairment charges related to CDOs and purchased securities classified as AFS debt securities of $258 million and $856 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $803 million and $1.9 billion for the same periods in 2008. See the detailed CDO exposure discussion to follow. |
| • | | During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 we recorded $345 million and $977 million of losses (net of hedges) on CMBS funded debt and forward finance commitments as compared to $148 million and $419 million for the same periods in 2008. These losses were concentrated in the more difficult to hedge floating-rate debt. In addition, we recorded $193 million and $456 million in losses associated with equity investments we made in acquisition-related financing transactions during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $34 million and $218 million in losses for the same periods in 2008. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we held $6.2 billion and $7.6 billion of funded and unfunded CMBS exposure of which $5.1 billion and $6.0 billion were primarily floating-rate acquisition-related financings to major, well-known operating companies. CMBS exposure decreased as the $4.1 billion of funded CMBS debt acquired in the Merrill Lynch acquisition was partially offset by a transfer of $3.8 billion of CMBS funded Merrill Lynch debt in the first quarter to commercial loans held for investment as we plan to hold these positions for the foreseeable future and, to a lesser extent, by loan sales and paydowns. |
| • | | We incurred losses on our leverage loan exposures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 of $25 million and $230 million compared to $145 million and $648 million for the same periods in 2008. At September 30, 2009, the carrying value of our leveraged funded positions held for distribution was $2.6 billion, which includes $1.4 billion from the Merrill Lynch acquisition, compared to $2.8 billion at December 31, 2008, which excludes Merrill Lynch. At September 30, 2009, 98 percent of the carrying value of the leveraged funded positions were senior secured. |
| • | | We recorded a gain of $84 million and a loss of $67 million on ARS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, which reflects stabilizing valuations on ARS during the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to losses of $416 million and $666 million in the same periods in 2008 which includes $123 million recorded inGWIM for both periods in 2008. We have agreed to purchase ARS at par from certain customers in connection with an agreement with federal and state securities regulators. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Corporation purchased a net $3.3 billion of ARS from our customers and at September 30, 2009 the Corporation’s outstanding buyback commitment was $690 million. |
Equity products sales and trading revenue increased $1.1 billion to $1.3 billion and $3.2 billion to $4.0 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008 driven by the addition of Merrill Lynch’s Trading and Financing platforms.
Collateralized Debt Obligation Exposure at September 30, 2009
CDO vehicles hold diversified pools of fixed income securities. CDO vehicles issue multiple tranches of debt securities, including commercial paper, mezzanine and equity securities. Our CDO exposure can be divided into funded and unfunded super senior liquidity commitment exposure, other super senior exposure (i.e., cash positions and derivative contracts), warehouse, and sales and trading positions. For more information on our CDO liquidity commitments, refer to Collateralized Debt Obligation Vehicles as part of Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements beginning on page 142. Super senior exposure represents the most senior class of commercial paper or notes that are issued by the CDO vehicles. These financial instruments benefit from the subordination of all other securities issued by the CDO vehicles.
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As presented in the following table at September 30, 2009, our hedged and unhedged super senior CDO exposure before consideration of insurance, net of writedowns was $4.9 billion.
Super Senior Collateralized Debt Obligation Exposure(1,2)
September 30, 2009
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Subprime (3) | | Purchased Securities | | Total Subprime | | Non-Subprime (4) | | Total |
Unhedged | | $ | 994 | | $ | 968 | | $ | 1,962 | | $ | 1,608 | | $ | 3,570 |
Hedged (5) | | | 667 | | | - | | | 667 | | | 699 | | | 1,366 |
Total | | $ | 1,661 | | $ | 968 | | $ | 2,629 | | $ | 2,307 | | $ | 4,936 |
| (1) | At September 30, 2009, we valued our CDO structures consistent with how we valued them at December 31, 2008. We obtain security values using either external pricing services or offsetting trades for approximately 83 percent and 72 percent of the CDO exposure and related purchased securities for which we used the average of all prices obtained by security. Similarly, the majority of the remaining positions where no pricing quotes were available were valued using matrix pricing and projected cash flows. For additional information please refer to the CDO exposure discussion on page 24 of the MD&A filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009. |
| (2) | Unrealized losses recorded in accumulated OCI on super senior cash positions and purchased securities from liquidated CDOs in aggregate decreased $564 million and $16 million (pre-tax) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 to $746 million (pre-tax) at September 30, 2009. |
| (3) | Classified as subprime when subprime consumer real estate loans make up at least 35 percent of the ultimate underlying collateral’s original net exposure value. |
| (4) | Includes highly-rated collateralized loan obligations and CMBS super senior exposure. |
| (5) | Hedged amounts are presented at carrying value before consideration of the insurance. |
Total super senior subprime unhedged exposure of $2.0 billion was carried at 17 percent and the $1.6 billion of non-subprime unhedged exposure was carried at 58 percent of their original net exposure amounts at September 30, 2009. Net hedged subprime super senior exposure of $667 million was carried at 13 percent and the $699 million of hedged non-subprime super senior exposure was carried at 67 percent of their original net exposure.
The following table presents the carrying values of our subprime net exposures including subprime collateral content and percentages of recent vintages.
Unhedged Subprime Super Senior Collateralized Debt Obligation Carrying Values(1)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
September 30, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Vintage of Subprime Collateral |
(Dollars in millions) | | Subprime Net Exposure | | Carrying Value as a Percent of Original Net Exposure | | | | | Subprime Content of Collateral (2) | | | | Percent in 2006/2007 Vintages | | | | Percent in 2005/Prior Vintages | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Mezzanine super senior liquidity commitments | | $ | 67 | | 5 | % | | | | 100 | | % | | 84 | | % | | 16 | | % |
| | | | | | | | | |
Other super senior exposure | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
High grade | | | 622 | | 22 | | | | | 40 | | | | 27 | | | | 73 | | |
Mezzanine | | | 303 | | 17 | | | | | 34 | | | | 81 | | | | 19 | | |
CDOs-squared | | | 2 | | 3 | | | | | 100 | | | | 100 | | | | - | | |
Total other super senior | | | 927 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total super senior | | | 994 | | 16 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchased securities from liquidated CDOs | | | 968 | | 19 | | | | | 34 | | | | 27 | | | | 73 | | |
Total | | $ | 1,962 | | 17 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Classified as subprime when subprime consumer real estate loans make up at least 35 percent of the ultimate underlying collateral’s original net exposure value. |
(2) | Based on current net exposure value. |
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At September 30, 2009, we held purchased insurance with a notional value of $5.2 billion, of which $3.8 billion related to monolines, on our subprime super senior CDO exposure and we held collateral in the form of cash and marketable securities of $1.1 billion related to our purchased insurance. This purchased insurance included $2.8 billion of insurance that was provided by monolines in the form of CDS, total return swaps (TRS) or financial guarantees. In addition, we held $1.0 billion of purchased insurance on our non-subprime super senior CDO exposure all of which was provided by monolines in the form of CDS, TRS or financial guarantees. In the case of default, we look to the underlying securities and then to recovery on purchased insurance. The table below provides notional, receivable, counterparty credit valuation adjustment and gains (losses) during the periods on insurance purchased from monolines.
Credit Default Swaps with Monoline Financial Guarantors
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
September 30, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Super Senior CDOs | | | | | Other Guaranteed Positions (1) | | | | | Total | | | |
| | | | | | |
Notional | | $ | 3,785 | | | | | $ | 41,045 | | | | | $ | 44,830 | | | |
| | | | | | |
Mark-to-market or guarantor receivable | | $ | 2,813 | | | | | $ | 8,500 | | | | | $ | 11,313 | | | |
Credit valuation adjustment | | | (1,750 | ) | | | | | (4,140 | ) | | | | | (5,890 | ) | | |
Total | | $ | 1,063 | | | | | $ | 4,360 | | | | | $ | 5,423 | | | |
Credit valuation adjustment % | | | 62 | | | % | | | 49 | | | % | | | 52 | | | % |
(Writedowns) gains during the three months ended September 30, 2009 | | $ | (226 | ) | | | | $ | 795 | | | | | $ | 569 | | | |
(Writedowns) gains during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 | | | (838 | ) | | | | | 58 | | | | | | (780 | ) | | |
| (1) | Other guaranteed positions represent exposure to monolines that predominantly hedge corporate CLO and CDO exposure as well as CMBS, RMBS and other ABS cash and synthetic exposures that were acquired from Merrill Lynch. |
Monoline wrap protection on our super senior CDOs had a notional value of $3.8 billion at September 30, 2009, with a receivable of $2.8 billion and a counterparty credit valuation adjustment of $1.8 billion or 62 percent. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, we recorded losses of $226 million and $838 million for counterparty credit risk related writedowns to these positions. At December 31, 2008, the monoline wrap on our super senior CDOs had a notional value of $2.8 billion, with a receivable of $1.5 billion and a counterparty credit valuation adjustment of $1.1 billion, or 72 percent.
In addition to the monoline financial guarantor exposure related to super senior CDOs, we had $41.0 billion of notional exposure to monolines that predominantly hedge corporate CLO and CDO exposure as well as CMBS, RMBS and other ABS cash and synthetic exposures related to exposures that were acquired from Merrill Lynch. At December 31, 2008, the monoline wrap on our other guaranteed positions was $5.9 billion of notional exposure. Mark-to-market monoline derivative credit exposure was $8.5 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to $694 million at December 31, 2008. This increase was driven by the addition of Merrill Lynch exposures as well as credit deterioration related to underlying counterparties, partially offset by positive valuation adjustments on legacy assets and terminated monoline contracts. At September 30, 2009, the counterparty credit valuation adjustment related to monoline derivative exposure was $4.1 billion which reduced our net mark-to-market exposure to $4.4 billion. We do not hold collateral against these derivative exposures. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, we recognized gains of $795 million and $58 million for counterparty credit risk related to these positions. During the three months ended September 30, 2009, the credit valuation adjustment percentage on our other guaranteed positions decreased two percentage points due to cancellations partially offset by increased reserves as the remainder of our exposure declined. In addition, the positive fair value adjustment on our other guaranteed positions was driven by cancellations and the recoveries of values on exposures insured by monolines which enabled us to recover a portion of the valuation allowances on the monolines.
With the Merrill Lynch acquisition, we acquired a loan with a carrying value of $4.5 billion as of September 30, 2009 that is collateralized by U.S. super senior ABS CDOs. The loan has full recourse to the borrower and all scheduled payments on the loan have been received. Events of default under the loan are customary events of default, including failure to pay interest when due and failure to pay principal at maturity. Collateral for the loan is excluded from our CDO exposure discussions and the tables above.
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|
Global Wealth & Investment Management |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 |
(Dollars in millions) | | Total | | | | | Merrill Lynch Global Wealth Management (1) | | | | | U.S. Trust | | | | | Columbia Management | | | Other |
Net interest income(2) | | $ | 1,330 | | | | | $ | 1,088 | | | | | $ | 328 | | | | | $ | 9 | | | $ | (95) |
Noninterest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment and brokerage services | | | 2,328 | | | | | | 1,542 | | | | | | 310 | | | | | | 277 | | | | 199 |
All other income (loss) | | | 437 | | | | | | 397 | | | | | | 11 | | | | | | (134 | ) | | | 163 |
Total noninterest income | | | 2,765 | | | | | | 1,939 | | | | | | 321 | | | | | | 143 | | | | 362 |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 4,095 | | | | | | 3,027 | | | | | | 649 | | | | | | 152 | | | | 267 |
| | | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 515 | | | | | | 262 | | | | | | 253 | | | | | | - | | | | - |
Noninterest expense | | | 3,169 | | | | | | 2,273 | | | | | | 478 | | | | | | 228 | | | | 190 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 411 | | | | | | 492 | | | | | | (82 | ) | | | | | (76 | ) | | | 77 |
Income tax expense (benefit)(2) | | | 140 | | | | | | 182 | | | | | | (30 | ) | | | | | (28 | ) | | | 16 |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 271 | | | | | $ | 310 | | | | | $ | (52 | ) | | | | $ | (48 | ) | | $ | 61 |
| | | | | | | | |
Net interest yield(2) | | | 2.54 | | | % | | | 2.52 | | | % | | | 2.48 | | | % | | | n/m | | | | n/m |
Return on average equity(3) | | | 5.61 | | | | | | 14.71 | | | | | | n/m | | | | | | n/m | | | | n/m |
Efficiency ratio(2) | | | 77.38 | | | | | | 75.15 | | | | | | 73.63 | | | | | | n/m | | | | n/m |
Period end – total assets (4) | | $ | 249,110 | | | | | $ | 194,322 | | | | | $ | 55,574 | | | | | $ | 3,137 | | | | n/m |
| |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 |
(Dollars in millions) | | Total | | | | | Merrill Lynch Global Wealth Management(1) | | | | | U.S. Trust | | | | | Columbia Management | | | Other |
Net interest income(2) | | $ | 1,271 | | | | | $ | 857 | | | | | $ | 414 | | | | | $ | - | | | $ | - |
Noninterest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment and brokerage services | | | 1,002 | | | | | | 241 | | | | | | 328 | | | | | | 394 | | | | 39 |
All other income (loss) | | | (703 | ) | | | | | (56 | ) | | | | | (13 | ) | | | | | (636 | ) | | | 2 |
Total noninterest income | | | 299 | | | | | | 185 | | | | | | 315 | | | | | | (242 | ) | | | 41 |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 1,570 | | | | | | 1,042 | | | | | | 729 | | | | | | (242 | ) | | | 41 |
| | | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 150 | | | | | | 135 | | | | | | 15 | | | | | | - | | | | - |
Noninterest expense | | | 1,286 | | | | | | 454 | | | | | | 488 | | | | | | 323 | | | | 21 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 134 | | | | | | 453 | | | | | | 226 | | | | | | (565 | ) | | | 20 |
Income tax expense (benefit)(2) | | | 54 | | | | | | 168 | | | | | | 84 | | | | | | (209 | ) | | | 11 |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 80 | | | | | $ | 285 | | | | | $ | 142 | | | | | $ | (356 | ) | | $ | 9 |
| | | | | | | | |
Net interest yield(2) | | | 3.08 | | | % | | | 2.72 | | | % | | | 3.09 | | | % | | | n/m | | | | n/m |
Return on average equity(3) | | | 2.74 | | | | | | 34.82 | | | | | | 11.95 | | | | | | n/m | | | | n/m |
Efficiency ratio(2) | | | 81.90 | | | | | | 43.61 | | | | | | 66.98 | | | | | | n/m | | | | n/m |
Period end – total assets (4) | | $ | 180,499 | | | | | $ | 129,616 | | | | | $ | 57,627 | | | | | $ | 3,084 | | | | n/m |
| (1) | Effective January 1, 2009, as a result of the Merrill Lynch acquisition, we combined Merrill Lynch’s wealth management business and our formerPremier Banking & Investments business to formMerrill Lynch Global Wealth Management (MLGWM). |
| (3) | Average allocated equity forGWIM was $19.3 billion and $11.7 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. |
| (4) | Total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits). |
n/m = not meaningful
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 |
(Dollars in millions) | | Total | | | | | | | Merrill Lynch Global Wealth Management (1) | | | | | | | U.S. Trust | | | | | | | Columbia Management | | | Other |
Net interest income(2) | | $ | 4,280 | | | | | | | $ | 3,533 | | | | | | | $ | 1,026 | | | | | | | $ | 31 | | | $ | (310) |
Noninterest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment and brokerage services | | | 6,869 | | | | | | | | 4,516 | | | | | | | | 958 | | | | | | | | 807 | | | | 588 |
All other income (loss) | | | 1,457 | | | | | | | | 1,246 | | | | | | | | 37 | | | | | | | | (203 | ) | | | 377 |
Total noninterest income | | | 8,326 | | | | | | | | 5,762 | | | | | | | | 995 | | | | | | | | 604 | | | | 965 |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 12,606 | | | | | | | | 9,295 | | | | | | | | 2,021 | | | | | | | | 635 | | | | 655 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 1,007 | | | | | | | | 639 | | | | | | | | 368 | | | | | | | | - | | | | - |
Noninterest expense | | | 9,747 | | | | | | | | 7,020 | | | | | | | | 1,475 | | | | | | | | 681 | | | | 571 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 1,852 | | | | | | | | 1,636 | | | | | | | | 178 | | | | | | | | (46 | ) | | | 84 |
Income tax expense (benefit)(2) | | | 650 | | | | | | | | 605 | | | | | | | | 66 | | | | | | | | (17 | ) | | | (4) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 1,202 | | | | | | | $ | 1,031 | | | | | | | $ | 112 | | | | | | | $ | (29 | ) | | $ | 88 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest yield(2) | | | 2.62 | | | % | | | | | 2.57 | % | | | | | | | 2.59 | % | | | | | | | n/m | | | | n/m |
Return on average equity(3) | | | 8.75 | | | | | | | | 17.93 | | | | | | | | 2.96 | | | | | | | | n/m | | | | n/m |
Efficiency ratio(2) | | | 77.32 | | | | | | | | 75.53 | | | | | | | | 72.96 | | | | | | | | n/m | | | | n/m |
Period end – total assets (4) | | $ | 249,110 | | | | | | | $ | 194,322 | | | | | | | $ | 55,574 | | | | | | | $ | 3,137 | | | | n/m |
| |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 |
(Dollars in millions) | | Total | | | | | | | Merrill Lynch Global Wealth Management(1) | | | | | | | U.S. Trust | | | | | | | Columbia Management | | | Other |
Net interest income(2) | | $ | 3,449 | | | | | | | $ | 2,327 | | | | | | | $ | 1,119 | | | | | | | $ | (7 | ) | | $ | 10 |
Noninterest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment and brokerage services | | | 3,178 | | | | | | | | 763 | | | | | | | | 1,095 | | | | | | | | 1,195 | | | | 125 |
All other income (loss) | | | (808 | ) | | | | | | | 58 | | | | | | | | 23 | | | | | | | | (890 | ) | | | 1 |
Total noninterest income | | | 2,370 | | | | | | | | 821 | | | | | | | | 1,118 | | | | | | | | 305 | | | | 126 |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 5,819 | | | | | | | | 3,148 | | | | | | | | 2,237 | | | | | | | | 298 | | | | 136 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 512 | | | | | | | | 487 | | | | | | | | 25 | | | | | | | | - | | | | - |
Noninterest expense | | | 3,841 | | | | | | | | 1,386 | | | | | | | | 1,458 | | | | | | | | 935 | | | | 62 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 1,466 | | | | | | | | 1,275 | | | | | | | | 754 | | | | | | | | (637 | ) | | | 74 |
Income tax expense (benefit)(2) | | | 553 | | | | | | | | 472 | | | | | | | | 279 | | | | | | | | (236 | ) | | | 38 |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 913 | | | | | | | $ | 803 | | | | | | | $ | 475 | | | | | | | $ | (401 | ) | | $ | 36 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest yield(2) | | | 2.94 | | | % | | | | | 2.58 | % | | | | | | | 2.95 | % | | | | | | | n/m | | | | n/m |
Return on average equity(3) | | | 10.44 | | | | | | | | 32.20 | | | | | | | | 13.67 | | | | | | | | n/m | | | | n/m |
Efficiency ratio(2) | | | 66.01 | | | | | | | | 44.01 | | | | | | | | 65.17 | | | | | | | | n/m | | | | n/m |
Period end – total assets (4) | | $ | 180,499 | | | | | | | $ | 129,616 | | | | | | | $ | 57,627 | | | | | | | $ | 3,084 | | | | n/m |
| (1) | Effective January 1, 2009, as a result of the Merrill Lynch acquisition, we combined Merrill Lynch’s wealth management business and our formerPremier Banking & Investments business to formMLGWM. |
| (3) | Average allocated equity forGWIM was $18.4 billion and $11.7 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. |
| (4) | Total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits). |
n/m = not meaningful
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Ending Balance | | Average Balance |
| | September 30 | | Three Months Ended September 30 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
Total loans and leases | | $ | 99,307 | | $ | 89,004 | | $ | 101,181 | | $ | 88,255 | | $ | 104,454 | | $ | 87,162 |
Total earning assets(1) | | | 217,937 | | | 170,735 | | | 207,870 | | | 164,051 | | | 218,767 | | | 156,441 |
Total assets(1) | | | 249,110 | | | 180,499 | | | 239,113 | | | 173,505 | | | 251,512 | | | 166,013 |
Total deposits | | | 220,482 | | | 167,426 | | | 214,994 | | | 162,192 | | | 226,967 | | | 156,762 |
| (1) | Total earning assets and total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits). |
GWIMprovides a wide offering of customized banking, investment and brokerage services tailored to meet the changing wealth management needs of our individual and institutional customer base. Our clients have access to a range of services offered through three primary businesses:MLGWM;U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management (U.S. Trust);and Columbia.The results of the Institutional Retirement, Philanthropy & Investments business, the Corporation’s approximately 48 percent economicownership in BlackRock and other miscellaneous items are included in Otherwithin GWIM.
As part of the Merrill Lynch acquisition, we added its financial advisors and an economic ownership of approximately 48 percent in BlackRock, a publicly traded investment management company. On June 12, 2009, BlackRock agreed to purchase Barclays Global Investors from Barclays, Plc. and upon the closing of this transaction, which is anticipated to occur in the fourth quarter of 2009,GWIM will record an adjustment to the BlackRock investment. This acquisition will have the effect of diluting our ownership interest in BlackRock, which for accounting purposes will be treated as a sale of a portion of our ownership interest. As a result, the Corporation’s economic interest in Blackrock will be approximately 35 percent.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2008
Net income increased $191 million to $271 million as higher total revenue was partially offset by increases in noninterest expense and provision for credit losses.
Net interest income increased $59 million, or five percent, to $1.3 billion primarily due to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch partially offset by lower residual net interest income allocation from ALM activities and the impact of the transfer of client balances during the first nine months of 2009 toDeposits andHome Loans & Insurance.GWIM’saverage loan anddeposit growth benefited from the acquisition of Merrill Lynch and the shift of client assets from off-balance sheet (e.g., money market funds) to on-balance sheet products (e.g., deposits) partially offset by the net migration of customer relationships. A more detailed discussion regarding migrated customer relationships and related balances is provided in theMLGWMdiscussion beginning on page 136.
Noninterest income increased $2.5 billion to $2.8 billion primarily due to higher investment and brokerage services income driven by the Merrill Lynch acquisition, lower support provided to certain cash funds and decreased losses related to ARS partially offset by the impact of lower equity market levels and net outflows primarily in the cash complex.
Provision for credit losses increased $365 million to $515 million, primarily driven by a single large commercial charge-off and higher additions to the reserves in the consumer real estate and commercial portfolios reflecting the weak economy.
Noninterest expense increased $1.9 billion to $3.2 billion driven by the addition of Merrill Lynch and higher FDIC expenses.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008
Net income increased $289 million, or 32 percent, to $1.2 billion driven by increases of $6.0 billion in noninterest income and $831 million in net interest income partially offset by increases of $5.9 billion in noninterest expense and $495 million in provision for credit losses. These period-over-period changes were driven by the same factors as discussed in the three-month discussion above. In addition noninterest expense was adversely impacted by the special assessment in the second quarter of 2009.
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Client Assets
The following table presents client assets which consist of AUM, client brokerage assets and assets in custody.
| | | | | | | | | | |
Client Assets | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | |
| | | |
Assets under management | | $ | 739,831 | | | $ | 564,438 | | | |
| | | |
Client brokerage assets(1) | | | 1,235,483 | | | | 196,566 | | | |
| | | |
Assets in custody | | | 269,233 | | | | 150,575 | | | |
| | | |
Less: Client brokerage assets and assets in custody included in assets under management | | | (323,151 | ) | | | (82,921 | ) | | |
| | | |
Total net client assets | | $ | 1,921,396 | | | $ | 828,658 | | | |
| (1) | Client brokerage assets include non-discretionary brokerage and fee-based assets. |
The increases in net client assets were driven by the acquisition of Merrill Lynch and higher equity market values period over period, partially offset by outflows that primarily occurred in theColumbia cash fund complex due to increasing rate pressures.
Merrill Lynch Global Wealth Management
Effective January 1, 2009, as a result of the Merrill Lynch acquisition, we combined the Merrill Lynch wealth management business and our formerPremier Banking & Investments business to formMLGWM.MLGWMprovides a high-touch client experience through a network of approximately 15,000 client facing financial advisors to our affluent customers with a personal wealth profile of at least $250,000 of investable assets. The addition of Merrill Lynch created one of the largest financial advisor networks in the world. Merrill Lynch added $2.6 billion and $7.6 billion in revenue and $443 million and $1.2 billion in net income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. Total client balances inMLGWM, which include deposits, AUM, client brokerage assets and other assets in custody, were $1.4 trillion at September 30, 2009.
MLGWMincludes the impact of migrating customers, and their related deposit and loan balances, to or fromDeposits andHome Loans & Insurance. After migration, the associated net interest income, noninterest income and noninterest expense are recorded in the applicable segment. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, total deposits of $2.9 billion and $43.4 billion were migrated toDepositsfromMLGWM. Conversely, during the same periods in 2008, total deposits of $3.3 billion and $15.9 billion were migrated fromDepositstoMLGWM. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, total loans of $2.4 billion and $16.1 billion were migrated toHome Loans & Insurancefrom MLGWM compared to total loans of $148 million and $2.1 billion for the same periods in 2008.These changes in 2009 were mainly due to client segmentation threshold changes resulting from the Merrill Lynch acquisition.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2008
Net income increased $25 million, or nine percent, to $310 million as increases in noninterest income and net interest income were partially offset by higher noninterest expense. Net interest income increased $231 million, or 27 percent, to $1.1 billion driven by higher average deposit and loan balances due to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch partially offset by lower residual net interest income, the impact of migration toDeposits andHome Loans & Insurance, and spread compression driven by competitive deposit pricing. Noninterest income increased $1.8 billion to $1.9 billion due to an increase in investment and brokerage services income of $1.3 billion to $1.5 billion driven by the acquisition of Merrill Lynch combined with lower losses related to ARS. Provision for credit losses increased $127 million to $262 million primarily driven by increased credit costs related to the consumer real estate portfolio, reflecting the weak housing market. Also contributing were reserve additions to the commercial domestic portfolio which were broad-based in terms of borrowers and industries. Noninterest expense increased $1.8 billion to $2.3 billion driven by the acquisition of Merrill Lynch.
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008
Net income increased $228 million, or 28 percent, to $1.0 billion driven by increases of $1.2 billion in net interest income and $4.9 billion in noninterest income partially offset by an increase of $5.6 billion in noninterest expense. These period-over-period changes were driven by the same factors as discussed in the three-month discussion above. In addition, noninterest expense was adversely impacted by higher FDIC expenses, including the special assessment.
U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management
U.S. Trust provides comprehensive wealth management solutions to wealthy and ultra-wealthy clients with investable assets of more than $3 million. In addition,U.S. Trust provides resources and customized solutions to meet clients’ wealth structuring, investment management, trust and banking needs as well as specialty asset management services (oil and gas, real estate, farm and ranch, timberland, private businesses and tax advisory). Clients also benefit from access to resources available through the Corporation including capital markets products, large and complex financing solutions, and our extensive banking platform.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2008
U.S. Trust recorded a net loss of $52 million compared to net income of $142 million for the same period in 2008. This decrease was driven by higher provision for credit losses and lower net interest income. Net interest income decreased $86 million, or 21 percent, due to lower residual net interest income partially offset by the shift of client assets from off-balance sheet (e.g., money market funds) to on-balance sheet products (e.g., deposits). Noninterest income was relatively flat as a decrease in investment and brokerage services income due to lower valuations in the equity markets was offset by the addition of the Merrill Lynch trust business combined with lower losses related to ARS. Provision for credit losses increased $238 million to $253 million primarily driven by a single large commercial charge-off and higher additions to the reserves in the consumer real estate and commercial portfolios. Noninterest expense remained relatively flat at $478 million.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008
Net income decreased $363 million, or 76 percent, to $112 million driven by increases in provision for credit losses of $343 million as well as lower net interest income of $93 million and noninterest income of $123 million. These period-over-period changes were driven by the same factors as discussed in the three-month discussion above.
Columbia Management
Columbia is an asset management business serving the needs of both institutional clients and individual customers.Columbia provides asset management products and services, including mutual funds and separate accounts.Columbia mutual fund offerings provide a broad array of investment strategies and products including equity, fixed income (taxable and nontaxable) and money market (taxable and nontaxable) funds.Columbia distributes its products and services to institutional clients and individuals directly throughMLGWM, U.S. Trust, Global Banking and nonproprietary channels including other brokerage firms.
On September 30, 2009, the Corporation reached an agreement to sell the long-term asset management business ofColumbia to Ameriprise Financial, Inc., for consideration of approximately $900 million to $1.2 billion subject to certain adjustments including, among other factors, customer retention by the buyer. This includes the management ofColumbia’s equity and fixed-income mutual funds and separate accounts. The transaction is expected to close in the second quarter of 2010, and is subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions, including fund board, fund shareholder and other required client approvals.
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2008
Columbia recorded a net loss of $48 million compared to a net loss of $356 million for the same period in 2008. Revenue increased $394 million due to reduced losses of $498 million related to support provided to certain cash funds offset by lower investment and brokerage services income of $117 million. The decrease in investment and brokerage services income was the result of lower valuations in the equity markets and net outflows in the cash complex. Noninterest expense decreased $95 million driven by lower revenue-related expenses, such as lower sub-advisory, distribution and dealer support expenses, and reduced personnel-related expenses.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008
Columbia recorded a net loss of $29 million compared to a net loss of $401 million for the same period in 2008. Revenue increased $337 million driven by reduced losses of $687 million related to support provided to certain cash funds partially offset by lower investment and brokerage services income of $388 million. In addition, noninterest expense decreased $254 million. These period-over-period changes were driven by the same factors as outlined in the three-month discussion above.
Cash Funds Support
Beginning in the second half of 2007, we provided support to certain cash funds managed within Columbia. The funds for which we provided support typically invested in high quality, short-term securities with a portfolio weighted-average maturity of 90 days or less, including securities issued by SIVs and senior debt holdings of financial services companies. Due to market disruptions, certain investments in SIVs and senior debt securities were downgraded by the rating agencies and experienced a decline in fair value. We entered into capital commitments under which the Corporation provided cash to these funds in the event the net asset value per unit of a fund declined below certain thresholds. As of September 30, 2009, all capital commitments to these cash funds have been terminated. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, we had losses of $132 million and $199 million related to these capital commitments compared to losses of $630 million and $886 million for the same periods in 2008.
Additionally, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, we purchased $1.5 billion and $1.8 billion of certain investments from the funds. As a result of these purchases, certain cash funds, including the Prime Funds, managed withinColumbiano longer have exposure to SIVs or other troubled assets. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we held AFS debt securities with a fair value of $1.0 billion and $698 million of which $727 million and $279 million were classified as nonperforming AFS securities and had $226 million and $272 million of related unrealized losses on these investments recorded in accumulated OCI. The decline in value of these securities was driven by the lack of market liquidity and the overall deterioration of the financial markets. These unrealized losses are recorded in accumulated OCI as we expect to recover the full principal amount of such investments and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the investments prior to recovery. For additional information on the valuation of our AFS securities, seeNote 5 – Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other includes the results of the Institutional Retirement, Philanthropy & Investments business, the Corporation’s approximately 48 percent economic ownership in BlackRock and other miscellaneous items. Our investment in BlackRock is accounted for under the equity method of accounting with our proportionate share of income or loss recorded in equity investment income.
Net income was $61 million and $88 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $9 million and $36 million for the same periods in 2008. The increase was driven by higher noninterest income offset by higher noninterest expense and lower net interest income. Net interest income decreased $95 million and $320 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 due to the funding cost on a management accounting basis for carrying the BlackRock equity investment. Noninterest income increased $321 million and $839 million due to the addition of the Institutional Retirement, Philanthropy & Investments business from Merrill Lynch and earnings from BlackRock which contributed $114 million and $242 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. In addition, noninterest expense increased $169 million and $509 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 primarily driven by the acquisition of the Institutional Retirement, Philanthropy & Investments business.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | | | Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 |
| | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Reported Basis(1) | | Securitization Offset(2) | | As Adjusted | | | | Reported Basis(1) | | Securitization Offset(2) | | As Adjusted |
Net interest income(3) | | $ | (1,867) | | $ | 2,275 | | $ | 408 | | | | $ | (2,342) | | $ | 2,207 | | $ | (135) |
Noninterest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Card income (loss) | | | (720) | | | 1,007 | | | 287 | | | | | 538 | | | (507) | | | 31 |
Equity investment income | | | 886 | | | - | | | 886 | | | | | (327) | | | - | | | (327) |
Gains (losses) on sales of debt securities | | | 1,441 | | | - | | | 1,441 | | | | | (3) | | | - | | | (3) |
All other income (loss) | | | (2,371) | | | 26 | | | (2,345) | | | | | 66 | | | 54 | | | 120 |
Total noninterest income | | | (764) | | | 1,033 | | | 269 | | | | | 274 | | | (453) | | | (179) |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | (2,631) | | | 3,308 | | | 677 | | | | | (2,068) | | | 1,754 | | | (314) |
| | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | (1,222) | | | 3,308 | | | 2,086 | | | | | (996) | | | 1,754 | | | 758 |
Merger and restructuring charges(4) | | | 594 | | | - | | | 594 | | | | | 247 | | | - | | | 247 |
All other noninterest expense | | | 612 | | | - | | | 612 | | | | | (86) | | | - | | | (86) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | (2,615) | | | - | | | (2,615) | | | | | (1,233) | | | - | | | (1,233) |
Income tax expense (benefit)(3) | | | (983) | | | - | | | (983) | | | | | (540) | | | - | | | (540) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (1,632) | | $ | - | | $ | (1,632) | | | | $ | (693) | | $ | - | | $ | (693) |
| | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 |
| | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Reported Basis(1) | | Securitization Offset(2) | | As Adjusted | | | | Reported Basis(1) | | Securitization Offset(2) | | As Adjusted |
Net interest income(3) | | $ | (5,399) | | $ | 7,024 | | $ | 1,625 | | | | $ | (6,143) | | $ | 6,402 | | $ | 259 |
Noninterest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Card income (loss) | | | (464) | | | 1,355 | | | 891 | | | | | 1,797 | | | (1,768) | | | 29 |
Equity investment income | | | 8,191 | | | - | | | 8,191 | | | | | 651 | | | - | | | 651 |
Gains on sales of debt securities | | | 3,584 | | | - | | | 3,584 | | | | | 349 | | | - | | | 349 |
All other income (loss) | | | (4,165) | | | 94 | | | (4,071) | | | | | (380) | | | 179 | | | (201) |
Total noninterest income | | | 7,146 | | | 1,449 | | | 8,595 | | | | | 2,417 | | | (1,589) | | | 828 |
Total revenue, net of interest expense | | | 1,747 | | | 8,473 | | | 10,220 | | | | | (3,726) | | | 4,813 | | | 1,087 |
| | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | (1,908) | | | 8,473 | | | 6,565 | | | | | (3,158) | | | 4,813 | | | 1,655 |
Merger and restructuring charges(4) | | | 2,188 | | | - | | | 2,188 | | | | | 629 | | | - | | | 629 |
All other noninterest expense | | | 1,439 | | | - | | | 1,439 | | | | | 48 | | | - | | | 48 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 28 | | | - | | | 28 | | | | | (1,245) | | | - | | | (1,245) |
Income tax expense (benefit)(3) | | | (1,975) | | | - | | | (1,975) | | | | | (534) | | | - | | | (534) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 2,003 | | $ | - | | $ | 2,003 | | | | $ | (711) | | $ | - | | $ | (711) |
| (1) | Provision for credit losses represents provision for credit losses inAll Other combined with theGlobal Card Servicessecuritization offset. |
| (2) | The securitization offset on net interest income is on a funds transfer pricing methodology consistent with the way funding costs are allocated to the businesses. |
| (4) | For more information on merger and restructuring charges, seeNote 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 |
Average Balance Sheet | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans and leases(1) | | $ | 147,666 | | $ | 146,305 | | | | $ | 158,721 | | $ | 132,615 |
Total assets(1,2) | | | 203,909 | | | 81,340 | | | | | 243,775 | | | 61,567 |
Total deposits | | | 108,244 | | | 104,370 | | | | | 106,944 | | | 104,143 |
Allocated equity(3) | | | 42,079 | | | 12,760 | | | | | 46,996 | | | 16,974 |
| | | | | | | | September 30 |
Period-end Balance Sheet | | | | | | | | 2009 | | 2008 |
Total loans and leases(1) | | | | | | | | | | $ | 145,856 | | $ | 146,365 |
Total assets(1,2) | | | | | | | | | | | 131,155 | | | 69,215 |
Total deposits | | | | | | | | | | | 94,573 | | | 99,003 |
| (1) | Loan amounts are net of the securitization offset of $94.3 billion and $102.0 billion at September 30, 2009 and 2008; $97.5 billion and $105.9 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008; and $100.7 billion and $106.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. |
| (2) | Includes elimination of segment excess asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits) of $527.8 billion and $440.8 billion at September 30, 2009 and 2008; $531.4 billion and $433.0 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008; and $491.8 billion and $403.7 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. |
| (3) | Average allocated equity increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 as compared to the same periods in the prior year. This increase was primarily attributable to capital issuances during the fourth quarter of 2008 and first half of 2009 that were not allocated to the businesses. For more information on the Corporation’s capital issuances see Liquidity Risk and Capital Management beginning on page 150. |
Global Card Services is reported on a managed basis which includes a “securitization impact” adjustment which has the effect of assuming that loans that have been securitized were not sold and presents these loans in a manner similar to the way loans that have not been sold are presented.All Other’s results include a corresponding “securitization offset” which removes the impact of these securitized loans in order to present the consolidated results on a GAAP basis (i.e., held basis). See theGlobal Card Services section beginning on page 117 for information on theGlobal Card Services managed results. The followingAll Other discussion focuses on the results on an as adjusted basis excluding the securitization offset. For additional information, seeNote 19 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In addition to the securitization offset discussed above,All Other includes ourEquity Investments businesses andOther.
Equity Investments includes Global Principal Investments, Corporate Investments and Strategic Investments. On January 1, 2009, Global Principal Investments added Merrill Lynch’s principal investments. The combined business is comprised of a diversified portfolio of investments in private equity, real estate, strategic capital and other alternative investments. These investments are made either directly in a company or held through a fund. In addition, Global Principal Investments has unfunded equity commitments related to some of these investments. For more information on these commitments, seeNote 12 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Global Principal Investments’ equity investments had a carrying value of $13.5 billion at September 30, 2009.
Corporate Investments primarily includes investments in publicly-traded debt and equity securities and funds which are accounted for as AFS marketable equity securities. Strategic Investments includes investments of $9.2 billion in CCB, $4.9 billion in Itaú Unibanco, $2.4 billion in Grupo Financiero Santander, S.A. (Santander) and other investments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we sold our 19.1 billion common share initial investment in CCB for $10.1 billion, reducing our ownership to 10.95 percent and resulting in a pre-tax gain of $7.3 billion. During 2008, under the terms of the purchase option the Corporation increased its ownership by purchasing approximately 25.6 billion common shares for $9.2 billion. These shares are accounted for at cost, are recorded in other assets and are non-transferable until August 2011. We remain a significant shareholder in CCB and intend to continue the important long-term strategic alliance with CCB originally entered into in 2005. As part of this alliance, we expect to continue to provide advice and assistance to CCB. The shares of Itaú Unibanco are carried at fair value with an offset, net-of-tax, to accumulated OCI and are accounted for as AFS marketable equity securities. Our investment in Santander is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Income associated with Equity Investments is recorded in equity investment income.
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The following table presents the components ofAll Other’s equity investment income and reconciliation to the total consolidated equity investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 and alsoAll Other’s equity investments as of September 30, 2009 and 2008.
Equity Investment Income
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 |
Global Principal Investments | | $ | 713 | | | $ | (29 | ) | | | | $ | 551 | | | $ | 279 |
Corporate Investments | | | 109 | | | | (369 | ) | | | | | (153 | ) | | | (225) |
Strategic and other investments | | | 64 | | | | 71 | | | | | | 7,793 | | | | 597 |
Total equity investment income (loss) included in All Other | | | 886 | | | | (327 | ) | | | | | 8,191 | | | | 651 |
Total equity investment income (loss) included in the business segments | | | (43 | ) | | | 11 | | | | | | (203 | ) | | | 679 |
Total consolidated equity investment income | | $ | 843 | | | $ | (316 | ) | | | | $ | 7,988 | | | $ | 1,330 |
| | | | |
Equity Investments | | | | | | | | | | September 30 |
| | | | | | | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 |
Global Principal Investments | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 13,452 | | | $ | 4,174 |
Corporate Investments | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2,719 | | | | 2,898 |
Strategic and other investments | | | | | | | | | | | | | 17,342 | | | | 21,925 |
Total equity investments included in All Other | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 33,513 | | | $ | 28,997 |
Other includes the residential mortgage portfolio associated with ALM activities, the residual impact of the cost allocation processes, merger and restructuring charges, intersegment eliminations, and the results of certain businesses that are expected to be or have been sold or are in the process of being liquidated. Other also includes certain amounts associated with ALM activities, including the residual impact of funds transfer pricing allocation methodologies, amounts associated with the change in the value of derivatives used as economic hedges of interest rate and foreign exchange rate fluctuations, foreign exchange rate fluctuations related to revaluation of foreign denominated debt issuances, fair value adjustments on certain structured notes, certain gains (losses) on sales of whole mortgage loans, and gains (losses) on sales of debt securities. Other also includes adjustments to noninterest income and income tax expense to remove the FTE impact of items (primarily low-income housing tax credits) that have been grossed up within noninterest income to a FTE amount in the business segments.
First Republic results are also included in Other. First Republic, acquired as part of the Merrill Lynch acquisition, provides personalized, relationship-based banking services, including private banking, private business banking, real estate lending, trust, brokerage and investment management. First Republic is a standalone bank that operates primarily on the west coast and in the northeast and caters to high-end customers. On October 21, 2009, the Corporation reached an agreement to sell First Republic to a number of investors, led by First Republic’s existing management, Colony Capital, LLC and General Atlantic, LLC. The transaction is expected to close in the second quarter of 2010 subject to regulatory approval.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2008
All Other recorded a net loss of $1.6 billion compared to a net loss of $693 million as higher total revenue was more than offset by increased provision for credit losses, merger and restructuring charges and all other noninterest expense. Net interest income increased $543 million primarily due to unallocated net interest income related to increased liquidity driven in part by capital raises during the fourth quarter of 2008 and the first half of 2009 and the addition of First Republic in 2009.
Noninterest income increased $448 million to $269 million driven by increased gains of $1.4 billion on sales of agency mortgage-backed securities and higher equity investment income of $1.2 billion. These items were partially offset by a decrease in all other income of $2.5 billion. The increase in equity investment income was driven by positive valuation adjustments on public and private investments within Global Principal Investments and other-than-temporary impairment charges related to AFS marketable equity securities that were recorded in the prior year. The decrease in all other income was driven by the $1.8 billion negative credit valuation adjustment on certain Merrill Lynch structured notes due to our
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narrowing credit spreads during the three months ended September 30, 2009. In addition, we recorded other-than-temporary impairments related to non-agency CMOs of $412 million related to the ALM debt securities portfolio during the three months ended September 30, 2009. We did not record material impairments within the ALM debt securities portfolio during the same period in 2008.
Provision for credit losses increased $1.3 billion to $2.1 billion. This increase was primarily due to higher credit costs related to our ALM residential mortgage portfolio reflecting deterioration in the housing markets and the impacts of a weak economy. Additionally, reserves were increased in the Countrywide discontinued real estate purchased impaired portfolio reflecting a reduction in expected principal cash flows.
Merger and restructuring charges increased $347 million to $594 million due to the Merrill Lynch and Countrywide acquisitions. The Merrill Lynch acquisition was accounted for in accordance with an amendment to GAAP for business combinations which was effective on January 1, 2009 that requires the expensing of acquisition-related transaction and restructuring costs which were previously recorded as an adjustment to goodwill. As a result, we recorded $371 million of merger and restructuring charges during the three months ended September 30, 2009 related to the Merrill Lynch acquisition, the majority of which related to severance and employee-related charges. For additional information on merger and restructuring charges and system integration, seeNote 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity to the Consolidated Financial Statements. All other noninterest expense increased $698 million partially due to a $402 million pre-tax charge to pay the U.S. government to terminate its asset guarantee term sheet and the addition of First Republic in 2009.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008
Net income increased to $2.0 billion driven by increases in net interest income of $1.4 billion, noninterest income of $7.8 billion and a current period income tax benefit of $2.0 billion. These items were partially offset by higher provision for credit losses of $4.9 billion, merger and restructuring charges of $1.6 billion and all other noninterest expense of $1.4 billion. In addition to the factors noted above noninterest income increased due to the pre-tax gain of $7.3 billion on the sale of a portion of our CCB investment. Also, the negative credit valuation adjustment on certain Merrill Lynch structured notes, which is recorded in all other income, was $3.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009. Income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 increased primarily as a result of the release of a portion of a valuation allowance that was provided for an acquired capital loss carryforward, as well as other residual amounts resulting from the recognition of tax benefits during interim periods.
|
Off- Balance Sheet Arrangements |
In the ordinary course of business, we support our customers’ financing needs by facilitating their access to the commercial paper market. In addition, we utilize certain financing arrangements to meet our balance sheet management, funding and liquidity needs. For additional information on our liquidity risk, see Liquidity Risk and Capital Management beginning on page 150. These activities utilize SPEs, typically in the form of corporations, limited liability companies, or trusts, which raise funds by issuing short-term commercial paper or other debt or equity instruments to third party investors. These SPEs typically hold various types of financial assets whose cash flows are the primary source of repayment for the liabilities of the SPEs. Investors have recourse to the assets in the SPE and often benefit from other credit enhancements, such as overcollateralization in the form of excess assets in the SPE, liquidity facilities, and other arrangements. As a result, the SPEs can typically obtain a favorable credit rating from the rating agencies, resulting in lower financing costs for us and our customers.
We have liquidity agreements, SBLCs or other arrangements with the SPEs, as described below, under which we are obligated to provide funding in the event of a market disruption or other specified event or otherwise provide credit support to the entities (hereinafter referred to as liquidity exposure). We also fund selected assets via derivative contracts with third party SPEs under which we may be required to purchase the assets at par value or the third party SPE’s cost to acquire the assets. We manage our credit risk and any market risk on these arrangements by subjecting them to our normal underwriting and risk management processes. Our credit ratings and changes thereto may affect the borrowing cost and liquidity of these SPEs. In addition, significant changes in counterparty asset valuation and credit standing may also affect the ability of the SPEs to issue commercial paper. The contractual or notional amount of these commitments as presented in Table 10 represents our maximum possible funding obligation and is not, in management’s view, representative of expected losses or funding requirements.
The following table presents our liquidity exposure to unconsolidated SPEs, which include VIEs and QSPEs. VIEs are SPEs which lack sufficient equity at risk or whose equity investors do not have a controlling financial interest. QSPEs are SPEs whose activities are strictly limited to holding and servicing financial assets. Liquidity commitments to Corporation-sponsored VIEs and other VIEs in which the Corporation holds a variable interest are also disclosed inNote 9 – Variable
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Interest Entitiesto the Consolidated Financial Statements. On June 12, 2009, the FASB issued SFAS 166 and SFAS 167 which will result in the consolidation of certain QSPEs and VIEs that are not currently recorded on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. For more information on SFAS 166 and SFAS 167, see Estimated Impact of Adopting SFAS 166 and SFAS 167 beginning on page 155.
| | | | | | | | | |
Table 10 |
Off-Balance Sheet Special Purpose Entities Liquidity Exposure(1) |
| | September 30, 2009 |
(Dollars in millions) | | VIEs | | QSPEs | | Total |
Commercial paper conduits: | | | | | | | | | |
Multi-seller conduits | | $ | 27,024 | | $ | - | | $ | 27,024 |
Asset acquisition conduits | | | 1,317 | | | - | | | 1,317 |
Home equity securitizations | | | - | | | 12,863 | | | 12,863 |
Municipal bond trusts | | | 3,122 | | | 6,746 | | | 9,868 |
Collateralized debt obligation vehicles(2) | | | 3,744 | | | - | | | 3,744 |
Credit-linked note and other vehicles | | | 3,478 | | | - | | | 3,478 |
Customer conduits | | | 615 | | | - | | | 615 |
Credit card securitizations | | | - | | | 1,738 | | | 1,738 |
Total liquidity exposure(3) | | $ | 39,300 | | $ | 21,347 | | $ | 60,647 |
| |
| | December 31, 2008 |
| | | VIEs | | | QSPEs | | | Total |
Commercial paper conduits: | | | | | | | | | |
Multi-seller conduits | | $ | 41,635 | | $ | - | | $ | 41,635 |
Asset acquisition conduits | | | 2,622 | | | - | | | 2,622 |
Other corporate conduits(4) | | | - | | | 1,578 | | | 1,578 |
Home equity securitizations | | | - | | | 13,064 | | | 13,064 |
Municipal bond trusts | | | 3,872 | | | 2,921 | | | 6,793 |
Collateralized debt obligation vehicles(2) | | | 542 | | | - | | | 542 |
Customer conduits | | | 980 | | | - | | | 980 |
Credit card securitizations | | | - | | | 946 | | | 946 |
Total liquidity exposure | | $ | 49,651 | | $ | 18,509 | | $ | 68,160 |
| (1) | As a result of SFAS 166 and SFAS 167 we expect to consolidate all multi-seller conduits, asset acquisition conduits and credit card securitization trusts. In addition, we expect some home equity securitization trusts, municipal bond trusts and credit-linked note and other vehicles will also be consolidated. |
| (2) | Represents super senior and non-super senior CDO exposure. For additional information on our CDO exposures at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 and related writedowns, see the CDO discussion beginning on page 130. |
| (3) | Legacy Merrill Lynch related exposures as of September 30, 2009 were: $4.9 billion municipal bond trusts, $3.7 billion collateralized debt obligation vehicles and $3.5 billion in credit-linked note and other vehicles. |
| (4) | The other corporate conduits exposure was liquidated during the second quarter of 2009. |
At September 30, 2009, the Corporation’s total liquidity exposure to SPEs was $60.6 billion, a decrease of $7.5 billion from December 31, 2008. The decrease was attributable to decreases in commercial paper conduits due to maturities and liquidations partially offset by the acquisition of Merrill Lynch.
Multi-Seller Conduits
We administer three unconsolidated multi-seller conduits which provide a low-cost funding alternative to our customers by facilitating their access to the commercial paper market. These conduits are discussed in more detail inNote 9 – Variable Interest Entitiesto the Consolidated Financial Statements.
At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation did not hold any commercial paper issued by the multi-seller conduits other than incidentally and in its role as a commercial paper dealer.
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Asset Acquisition Conduits
We administer two unconsolidated commercial paper conduits which acquire assets on behalf of our customers and obtain funding through the issuance of commercial paper and subordinated certificates to third parties. Repayment of the commercial paper and certificates is assured by total return swap contracts between us and the conduits. We are reimbursed through total return swap contracts with our customers. These conduits are discussed in more detail inNote 9 – Variable Interest Entitiesto the Consolidated Financial Statements. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation did not hold any commercial paper issued by the asset acquisition conduits other than incidentally and in its role as a commercial paper dealer.
Other Corporate Conduits
We administered several other corporate conduits that held primarily high-grade, long-term municipal, corporate, and mortgage-backed securities. These conduits obtained funding by issuing commercial paper to third party investors. We historically entered into derivative contracts which provided interest rate, currency and a pre-specified amount of credit protection to the entities in exchange for the commercial paper rate. During the second quarter of 2009, in accordance with existing contractual arrangements, the conduits were liquidated.
Home Equity Securitizations
We evaluate all of our home equity securitizations for their potential to experience a rapid amortization event by estimating the amount and timing of future losses on the underlying loans, the excess spread available to cover such losses and by evaluating any estimated shortfalls in relation to contractually defined triggers. As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, home equity securitization transactions in rapid amortization had $12.9 billion and $13.1 billion of trust certificates outstanding. As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, an additional $3.2 billion and $6.2 billion of trust certificates outstanding pertain to home equity securitization transactions that are expected to enter rapid amortization during the next 24 months.
When home equity securitization transactions enter rapid amortization, principal collections on underlying loans are used to pay investor interests and the Corporation is responsible for funding additional borrower draws on the underlying lines of credit. As senior bondholders and monoline insurers have priority for repayment, the time period for which the Corporation’s advances are outstanding is longer, and we may not receive reimbursement for all of the funds advanced to borrowers. While the available credit on securitized home equity lines of credit was approximately $1.2 billion at September 30, 2009, a maximum funding obligation attributable to rapid amortization cannot be calculated as the borrower has the ability to pay down and redraw balances. The amount in Table 10 equals the principal balance of the outstanding trust certificates that are in rapid amortization of $12.9 billion and $13.1 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. This amount is significantly higher than the amount we expect to fund. The charges we will ultimately record as a result of the rapid amortization events are dependent on the performance of the loans, the amount of subsequent draws, and the timing of related cash flows. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the reserve for losses on expected future draw obligations on the home equity securitizations in or expected to be in rapid amortization was $207 million and $345 million. For additional information on home equity securitizations, seeNote 8 – Securitizations to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Municipal Bond Trusts
We administer municipal bond trusts that hold highly-rated, long-term, fixed-rate municipal bonds. The trusts obtain financing by issuing floating-rate trust certificates that reprice on a weekly or other basis to third party investors. We may serve as remarketing agent and/or liquidity provider for the trusts. These trusts are discussed in more detail inNote 9 – Variable Interest Entitiesto the Consolidated Financial Statements.
At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we held $1.6 billion and $688 million of floating rate certificates issued by the municipal bond trusts in trading account assets.
Collateralized Debt Obligation Vehicles
CDO vehicles hold diversified pools of fixed income securities which they fund by issuing multiple tranches of debt and equity securities. At September 30, 2009, we provided liquidity support in the form of unfunded lending commitments to certain synthetic CDOs. These commitments pertain to super senior securities which are the most senior class of securities issued by the CDOs and benefit from the subordination of all other securities issued by the CDOs. The lending commitments obligate us to purchase the super senior CDO securities at par value if the CDOs need cash to make payments due under credit default swaps held by the CDOs. The aggregate notional amount of super senior CDO securities subject to
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such derivative contracts was $2.0 billion. The aggregate notional amount of liquidity exposure to non-SPE third parties which hold super senior cash positions on our behalf was $1.4 billion, which is not included in Table 10. All of these exposures were obtained in connection with the Merrill Lynch acquisition. Our net exposure to loss on these positions, after writedowns and insurance, was $67 million at September 30, 2009. These positions are included in our super senior CDO exposure discussion beginning on page 130.
In connection with our trading activities, we also have derivative contracts with unconsolidated SPEs, principally CDO vehicles that hold CDO debt securities or other debt securities on our behalf. These derivatives are typically in the form of total return swaps which obligate us to purchase the securities at the SPE’s cost to acquire the securities, generally as a result of ratings downgrades. The underlying securities are senior securities and substantially all of our exposures are insured. Accordingly, our exposure to loss consists principally of counterparty risk to the insurers. The notional amount of these derivative contracts was $1.7 billion at September 30, 2009 and our exposure to loss, excluding counterparty risk, is insignificant. These derivatives are included in the $4.6 billion notional amount of derivative contracts through which we obtain funding from third party SPEs, discussed inNote 12 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
At December 31, 2008, we provided liquidity support of $542 million to certain CDO vehicles in the form of written put options, all of which were terminated during the first quarter of 2009. Our involvement with and exposure to CDOs are discussed in more detail inNote 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Credit-Linked Note and Other Vehicles
Credit-linked note and other vehicles are typically created on behalf of customers who wish to obtain credit exposure to a specific company or financial instrument. The vehicles purchase high-grade assets as collateral and enter into credit default swaps to synthetically create the credit risk to pay the specified return on the notes. These vehicles are discussed in more detail inNote 9 – Variable Interest Entitiesto the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Corporation has entered into derivative contracts, typically total return swaps, with certain credit-linked note and other vehicles which obligate the Corporation to purchase securities held as collateral at the vehicle’s cost, typically as a result of ratings downgrades. These exposures were obtained in connection with the Merrill Lynch acquisition. The underlying securities are senior securities and substantially all of our exposures are insured. Accordingly, our exposure to loss consists principally of counterparty risk to the insurers. At September 30, 2009, the notional amount of such derivative contracts with unconsolidated vehicles was $2.9 billion. This amount is included in the $4.6 billion notional amount of derivative contracts through which we obtain funding from unconsolidated SPEs, discussed inNote 12 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements. We also have approximately $626 million of other liquidity commitments, including written put options and collateral value guarantees, with credit-linked note and other vehicles at September 30, 2009.
Customer Conduits
We provide liquidity facilities to conduits that are sponsored by our customers and which provide them with direct access to the commercial paper market. We are typically one of several liquidity providers for a customer’s conduit. We do not provide SBLCs or other forms of credit enhancement to these conduits. Assets of these conduits consist primarily of auto loans and student loans. The liquidity commitments benefit from structural protections which vary depending upon the program, but given these protections, the exposures are viewed to be of investment grade quality.
These commitments are included inNote 12 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements. As we typically provide less than 20 percent of the total liquidity commitments to these conduits and do not provide other forms of support, we have concluded that we do not hold a significant variable interest in the conduits and they are not included in our discussion of VIEs inNote 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Credit Card Securitizations
During 2008, the Corporation became one of the liquidity support providers for the Corporation’s commercial paper program that obtains financing by issuing tranches of commercial paper backed by credit card receivables to third party investors from a trust sponsored by the Corporation. Subsequent to September 30, 2009, the Corporation became the sole liquidity support provider for the program and increased its liquidity commitment from $1.7 billion to $2.3 billion. Due to illiquidity in the marketplace, the Corporation held $4.0 billion and $5.0 billion of outstanding investment grade commercial paper as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, which is classified in AFS debt securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The maximum amount of commercial paper that can be issued under this program given the
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current level of liquidity support is $8.8 billion, all of which was outstanding as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. If certain conditions set forth in the legal documents governing the trust are not met, such as not being able to reissue the commercial paper due to market illiquidity, the commercial paper maturity dates will be extended to 390 days from the original issuance date. This extension would cause the outstanding commercial paper to convert to an interest-bearing note, and subsequent credit card receivable collections would be applied to the outstanding note balance. If any of the interest-bearing notes are still outstanding at the end of the extended maturity period, the liquidity commitment obligates the Corporation to purchase maturity notes from the trust in order to retire the interest-bearing notes. As a maturity note holder, the Corporation would be entitled to the remaining cash flows from the collateralizing credit card receivables. As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, none of the commercial paper had been extended and there were no maturity notes outstanding. For more information on our credit card securitizations, seeNote 8 – Securitizations to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For more information on how our credit card securitizations impact our liquidity, see the Liquidity Risk and Capital Management discussion on page 150.
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Obligations and Commitments |
We have contractual obligations to make future payments on debt and lease agreements. Additionally, in the normal course of business, we enter into a number of off-balance sheet commitments. The increase in obligations and commitments at September 30, 2009 was due to the Merrill Lynch acquisition and is more fully discussed inNote 11 – Long-term Debtand Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For additional information on obligations and commitments, seeNote 12 – Short-term Borrowings and Long-term DebtandNote 13 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
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Fair Values of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities |
Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and are significant to the overall fair value measurement are classified as Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy established per GAAP. The Level 3 financial assets and liabilities include private equity investments, consumer MSRs, ABS, highly structured, complex or long-dated derivative contracts, structured notes and certain CDOs, for which there is not an active market for identical assets from which to determine fair value or where sufficient, current market information about similar assets to use as observable, corroborated data for all significant inputs into a valuation model are not available. In these cases, the fair values of these Level 3 financial assets and liabilities are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, a net asset value approach for certain structured securities, or similar techniques, for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
Valuations of products using models or other techniques are sensitive to assumptions used for the significant inputs. Where market data is available, the inputs used for valuation reflect that information as of our valuation date. Inputs to valuation models are considered unobservable if they are supported by little or no market activity. In periods of extreme volatility, lessened liquidity or in illiquid markets, there may be more variability in market pricing or a lack of market data to use in the valuation process. An illiquid market is one in which little or no observable activity has occurred or one that lacks willing buyers or willing sellers. Fair value adjustments include adjustments for counterparties’ credit risk as well as our own credit risk and liquidity as appropriate, to determine a fair value measurement. Judgment is then applied in formulating those inputs. Our valuation risk, however, is mitigated through valuation adjustments for particular inputs, performance of stress testing of those inputs to understand the impact that varying assumptions may have on the valuation and other review processes performed to ensure appropriate valuation.
Consumer MSRs are also included in Level 3 assets as valuing these MSRs requires significant management judgment and estimation. The Corporation uses an option-adjusted spread (OAS) valuation approach to determine the fair value of MSRs which factors in prepayment risk. This approach consists of projecting servicing cash flows under multiple interest rate scenarios and discounting these cash flows using risk-adjusted discount rates. The key economic assumptions used in valuations of MSRs include weighted-average lives of the MSRs and the weighted-average OAS levels. For more information on Level 3 MSRs and their sensitivity to prepayment rates and OAS levels, seeNote 18 – Mortgage Servicing Rights to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
For additional information on our Level 1, 2 and 3 fair value measurements, including the valuation techniques utilized to determine their fair values, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principlesto the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009,Note 16 – Fair Value Disclosures to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Complex Accounting Estimates on page 205.
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Valuation-related issues confronted by credit market participants, including the Corporation, in the current market include uncertainty resulting from a significant decline in market activity for certain credit products; significant increase in dependence on model-related assumptions, and/or unobservable model inputs; doubts about the quality of the market information used as inputs; and significant downgrades of structured products by rating agencies. It is possible that the economic value of securities could be different as the cash flows from the underlying assets may ultimately be higher or lower than the assumptions used in current valuation models. With the exception of the changes discussed below, there have been no significant changes to the valuation methodologies used to value Level 3 assets and liabilities during the period.
The table below presents a reconciliation for all Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, including realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings and OCI. Level 3 assets, before the impact of counterparty netting related to our derivative positions, were $110.2 billion as of September 30, 2009 and represented approximately 15 percent of assets measured at fair value (or five percent of total assets). Level 3 liabilities, before the impact of counterparty netting related to our derivative positions, were $27.4 billion as of September 30, 2009 and represented approximately 11 percent of the liabilities measured at fair value (or one percent of total liabilities). SeeNote 16 – Fair Value Disclosuresto the Consolidated Financial Statements for a table that presents the fair value of Level 1, 2 and 3 assets and liabilities at September 30, 2009.
Table 11
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Balance July 1, 2009 | | | | | | Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings | | | Unrealized Gains Included in OCI | | Purchases, Issuances, and Settlements | | | Transfers in to /out of Level 3 | | | Balance September 30, 2009 | |
Trading account assets | | $25,619 | | | | | | | $ | 576 | | | $ | - | | $ | (453 | ) | | $ | 1,447 | | | $ | 27,189 | |
Net derivative assets(1) | | 9,401 | | | | | | | | 787 | | | | - | | | (3,280 | ) | | | 1,622 | | | | 8,530 | |
AFS debt securities | | 21,782 | | | | | | | | (462 | ) | | | 171 | | | (4,209 | ) | | | (1,084 | ) | | | 16,198 | |
Loans and leases(2) | | 6,962 | | | | | | | | 429 | | | | - | | | (1,194 | ) | | | - | | | | 6,197 | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | 18,535 | | | | | | | | (1,621 | ) | | | - | | | 625 | | | | - | | | | 17,539 | |
Loans held-for-sale(2) | | 7,313 | | | | | | | | 141 | | | | - | | | (691 | ) | | | 380 | | | | 7,143 | |
Other assets(3) | | 6,792 | | | | | | | | 635 | | | | - | | | (163 | ) | | | 43 | | | | 7,307 | |
Trading account liabilities | | (359 | ) | | | | | | | (39 | ) | | | - | | | 8 | | | | (21 | ) | | | (411 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(2) | | (2,063 | ) | | | | | | | 258 | | | | - | | | 63 | | | | - | | | | (1,742 | ) |
Long-term debt(2) | | (5,289 | ) | | | | | | | (561 | ) | | | - | | | 365 | | | | 401 | | | | (5,084 | ) |
| |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | Balance January 1, 2009 | | | Merrill Lynch Acquisition | | | Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings | | | Unrealized Gains Included in OCI | | Purchases, Issuances, and Settlements | | | Transfers in to /out of Level 3 | | | Balance September 30, 2009 | |
Trading account assets | | $6,733 | | | $ | 18,184 | | | $ | (199 | ) | | $ | - | | $ | 1,398 | | | $ | 1,073 | | | $ | 27,189 | |
Net derivative assets(1) | | 2,270 | | | | 2,307 | | | | 5,061 | | | | - | | | (7,271 | ) | | | 6,163 | | | | 8,530 | |
AFS debt securities | | 18,702 | | | | 2,509 | | | | (1,350 | ) | | | 2,788 | | | (5,799 | ) | | | (652 | ) | | | 16,198 | |
Loans and leases(2) | | 5,413 | | | | 2,452 | | | | 585 | | | | - | | | (2,253 | ) | | | - | | | | 6,197 | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | 12,733 | | | | 209 | | | | 3,306 | | | | - | | | 1,291 | | | | - | | | | 17,539 | |
Loans held-for-sale(2) | | 3,382 | | | | 3,872 | | | | 274 | | | | - | | | (645 | ) | | | 260 | | | | 7,143 | |
Other assets(3) | | 4,157 | | | | 2,696 | | | | 643 | | | | - | | | (242 | ) | | | 53 | | | | 7,307 | |
Trading account liabilities | | - | | | | - | | | | (65 | ) | | | - | | | 19 | | | | (365 | ) | | | (411 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(2) | | (1,940 | ) | | | (1,337 | ) | | | 1,379 | | | | - | | | 117 | | | | 39 | | | | (1,742 | ) |
Long-term debt(2) | | - | | | | (7,481 | ) | | | (2,165 | ) | | | - | | | 314 | | | | 4,248 | | | | (5,084 | ) |
| (1) | Net derivatives at September 30, 2009 included derivative assets of $28.7 billion and derivative liabilities of $20.1 billion. Net derivatives acquired in connection with the acquisition of Merrill Lynch on January 1, 2009 included derivative assets of $37.3 billion and derivative liabilities of $35.0 billion. |
| (2) | Amounts represent items which are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option including commercial loan commitments, certain loans held-for-sale, structured notes that are recorded as long-term debt, and secured financings recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities. |
| (3) | Other assets are primarily comprised of AFS equity securities and equity investments. |
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Included in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income
During the three months ended September 30, 2009, we recognized net gains of $143 million on Level 3 assets and liabilities which were primarily related to gains on net derivative assets, other assets, trading account assets, and loans and leases partially offset by losses on consumer MSRs and long-term debt. The gains on net derivative assets were driven by positive valuation adjustments on our IRLCs and other asset gains were primarily due to positive valuation adjustments on private investments within Global Principal Investments. In addition, gains in trading account assets were primarily related to our corporate securities portfolio while increased earnings on our loans and leases were driven by improved credit spreads. The losses on consumer MSRs were primarily driven by lower MSR performance which was negatively impacted by an improvement in the forecast for home prices and an associated decrease in the projected duration of the MSR. Losses on long-term debt were driven by the impact of market movements and from improved credit spreads on certain Merrill Lynch structured notes. We also recorded unrealized gains of $171 million (pre-tax) through OCI on Level 3 assets and liabilities during the three months ended September 30, 2009.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we recognized gains of $7.5 billion on Level 3 assets and liabilities which were primarily related to gains on net derivatives and consumer MSRs partially offset by losses on long-term debt. We also recorded unrealized gains of $2.8 billion (pre-tax) through OCI on Level 3 assets and liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2009, which were driven primarily by improved valuations related to non-agency MBS. The gains in net derivatives were driven by positive valuation adjustments on our IRLCs. The increase in the consumer MSR balance resulted from changes in the forward interest rate curve and was partially offset by the same factors described in the three-month discussion above. Losses on long-term debt were driven by the same factors described in the three-month discussion above.
Level 3 financial instruments, such as our consumer MSRs, may be economically hedged with derivatives not classified as Level 3; therefore, gains or losses associated with Level 3 financial instruments may be offset by gains or losses associated with financial instruments classified in other levels of the fair value hierarchy. The gains and losses recorded in earnings did not have a significant impact on our liquidity or capital resources.
Purchases, Issuances and Settlements
During the three months ended September 30, 2009, we had net settlements in Level 3 AFS debt securities of $4.2 billion, $3.3 billion in net derivatives, and $1.2 billion in loans and leases. The net settlements in AFS debt securities were driven by sales and paydowns and the net settlements in loans and leases were driven by repayments and maturities. In addition, the net settlements in derivatives resulted primarily from our IRLCs due to the volume of funded loans and the termination and settlement of derivative exposures during the three months ended September 30, 2009.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we had net settlements in Level 3 net derivatives of $7.3 billion, AFS debt securities of $5.8 billion, and loans and leases of $2.3 billion. These changes were driven by the same factors described in the three-month discussion above. In addition, the net purchases of trading account assets primarily resulted from consolidation of certain SPEs partially offset by sales of corporate bond positions during the first half of 2009.
Transfers into or out of Level 3
A review of fair value hierarchy classifications is conducted on a quarterly basis. Transfers into or out of Level 3 are made if the inputs used in the financial models measuring the fair values of the assets and liabilities became unobservable or observable, respectively, in the current marketplace. These transfers are effective as of the beginning of the quarter, therefore the table above considers any gains or losses occurring on these assets and liabilities during each quarter that they are classified as Level 3.
During the three months ended September 30, 2009, several transfers were made into or out of Level 3. Net derivative assets of $1.6 billion were transferred into Level 3. These positions were transferred due to the impact of significant unobservable inputs in the overall valuation of certain derivative products in the marketplace. Trading account assets of $1.4 billion were transferred into Level 3 due to the increased use of unobservable inputs. In addition, $1.1 billion of AFS debt securities was transferred out of Level 3 due to increased price transparency in the marketplace.
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During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, several transfers were made into or out of Level 3. In addition to the transfers disclosed in the preceding paragraph, long-term debt of $4.2 billion was transferred out of Level 3 due to the decreased significance of unobservable inputs on certain structured notes. Net derivative assets of $6.2 billion were transferred into Level 3 due to the same factors described in the three-month discussion above. Trading account assets of $1.1 billion were transferred into Level 3. In addition to the three-month discussion above, certain bond positions and ABS were transferred into Level 3 due to a lack of liquidity in the marketplace during the first quarter of 2009 which was offset by certain trading account MBS and ABS assets that were transferred out of Level 3 due to increased price transparency in the marketplace on those securities during the second quarter of 2009.
Our business exposes us to the following major risks: strategic, credit, market, liquidity, operational and compliance risk. Our management governance structure, under oversight of the Board of Directors, enables us to manage all major aspects of our business through our planning and review process that includes strategic, financial, associate, customer and risk planning. We derive much of our revenue from managing risk from customer transactions for profit. In addition to qualitative factors, we utilize quantitative measures to optimize risk and reward tradeoffs in order to achieve growth targets and financial objectives while reducing the variability of earnings and minimizing unexpected losses. Risk metrics that allow us to measure performance include economic capital targets and corporate risk limits. By allocating economic capital to a line of business, we effectively manage the ability to take on risk. Review and approval of business plans incorporate approval of economic capital allocation, and economic capital usage is monitored through financial and risk reporting. Industry, country, trading, asset allocation and other limits supplement the allocation of economic capital. These limits are based on an analysis of risk and reward in each line of business and management is responsible for tracking and reporting performance measurements as well as any exceptions to guidelines or limits. Our risk management process continually evaluates risk and appropriate metrics needed to measure it. For a discussion of our past risk management activities, see pages 37 through 75 of the MD&A filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
Effective October 27, 2009, the Board restructured its committees to create two new committees which realigned certain risk oversight responsibilities to the Credit Committee and the Enterprise Risk Committee, and to eliminate the Asset Quality Committee. The Credit and Enterprise Risk Committees, together with the Audit Committee, are responsible for assisting the Board in exercising oversight of strategic, credit, market, liquidity, compliance and operational risk management. The Credit Committee is responsible for exercising oversight of (1) senior management’s identification and management of the Corporation’s credit exposures on an enterprise-wide basis and the Corporation’s responses to trends affecting those exposures, and (2) senior management’s actions to ensure the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and the Corporation’s credit-related policies. The Enterprise Risk Committee is responsible for exercising (1) oversight of senior management’s identification of the material risks facing the Corporation, and (2) except as allocated by the Board to another committee of the Board, oversight of senior management’s management of, and planning for, the Corporation’s material risks, including market, interest rate, liquidity and reputational risk. The Enterprise Risk Committee also oversees senior management’s responsibilities with respect to the Corporation’s capital management and liquidity planning. The Audit Committee is responsible for assisting the Board in exercising oversight of (1) the effectiveness of the Corporation’s system of internal control and policies and procedures for managing and assessing operational risk, (2) the integrity of the consolidated financial statements of the Corporation, and (3) the compliance by the Corporation with legal and regulatory requirements. The Audit Committee also provides direct oversight of the corporate audit function and the independent registered public accounting firm (including oversight of the accounting firm’s appointment, compensation, qualifications and independence). The other standing committees of the Board (i.e., the Compensation and Benefits Committee, the Corporate Governance Committee and the Executive Committee) act in complement with the Audit, the Credit and the Enterprise Risk Committees to assist the Board with its full oversight of the Corporation.
On October 28, 2009, the Board approved the Risk Framework and Risk Appetite Statement for the Corporation. The Risk Framework is designed to be used by the Corporation’s associates to understand risk management activities, including their individual roles and accountabilities. The Risk Framework defines how risk management is integrated into the Corporation’s core business processes and it defines the risk management governance structure, including management’s involvement. The risk management responsibilities of the Businesses, Governance and Control Functions, and Audit are also clearly defined. The Risk Framework reflects how the Board-approved risk appetite influences business and risk strategy. The management process (i.e., identify and measure risk, mitigate and control risk, monitor and test risk, and report and review risk) was enhanced for execution across all business activities. The Risk Framework supports the accountability of the Corporation and its associates to ensure the integrity of assets and the quality of earnings. The Risk Appetite Statement defines the parameters under which the Corporation will take risk to maximize our long-term results by ensuring the integrity of our assets and the quality of our earnings. Our intent is for our risk appetite to reflect a “through the cycle” view which will be reviewed and assessed annually. We will focus on maintaining our relevance and value to customers, associates, and shareholders.
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|
Strategic Risk Management |
Strategic risk is the risk that adverse business decisions, ineffective or inappropriate business plans, or failure to respond to changes in the competitive environment, business cycles, customer preferences, product obsolescence, execution and/or other intrinsic risks of business will impact our ability to meet our objectives. We use our planning process to help manage strategic risk. A key component of the planning process aligns strategies, goals, tactics and resources throughout the enterprise. The process begins with the creation of a corporate-wide business plan which incorporates an assessment of the strategic risks. This business plan establishes the corporate strategic direction. The planning process then cascades through the lines of business, creating business line plans that are aligned with the Corporation’s strategic direction. At each level, tactics and metrics are identified to measure success in achieving goals and assure adherence to the plans. As part of this process, the lines of business continuously evaluate the impact of changing market and business conditions, and the overall risk in meeting objectives. See the Operational Risk Management section beginning on page 204 for a further description of this process. Corporate Audit in turn monitors, and independently reviews and evaluates, the plans and measurement processes.
One of the key tools we use to manage strategic risk is economic capital allocation. Through the economic capital allocation process we effectively manage each line of business’ ability to take on risk. Review and approval of business plans incorporate approval of economic capital allocation, and economic capital usage is monitored through financial and risk reporting. Economic capital allocation plans for the lines of business are incorporated into the Corporation’s operating plan that is approved by the Board on an annual basis.
|
Liquidity Risk and Capital Management |
Liquidity Risk
We define liquidity risk as the potential inability to meet contractual and contingent financial obligations, on- or off- balance sheet, as they come due. Our primary liquidity objective is to ensure adequate funding through market cycles and periods of financial stress. We maintain diverse sources of funding, including a stable customer deposit base and a range of secured and unsecured borrowings across maturities, interest rate characteristics, currencies and investor profiles.
Our liquidity risk management activities are centralized within Corporate Treasury. We believe that a global centralized approach to funding and liquidity enhances the monitoring of liquidity requirements, maximizes our access to funding sources, minimizes borrowing costs, and facilitates timely responses to liquidity events. Through ALMRC, the Finance Committee is responsible for establishing our liquidity policy and approving operating and contingency procedures. Corporate Treasury, in turn, plans and executes our funding activities and liquidity risk management.
Corporate Treasury tracks liquidity sources and uses, forecasts cash flows, performs scenario analysis and stress testing, and sets and monitors liquidity limits. Corporate Treasury works with our lines of business to limit and review liquidity risk exposures associated with products and business strategies. These exposures can arise from asset-liability mismatches, deposit run-off, credit sensitive funding, reductions in secured financing, commitments and contingencies. Corporate Treasury reviews liquidity risk with other independent risk and control groups.
We focus on our legal entity structure in managing liquidity risk across the parent company and our bank, broker-dealer and other subsidiaries, including international entities. We evaluate regulatory, tax and other considerations that may limit the ability to transfer liquidity among legal entities.
We maintain excess liquidity at our parent company to cover contractual obligations. Our primary metric is “Time to Required Funding.” This represents the number of months that liquidity available to the parent company can continue to fund contractual obligations without any access to new unsecured debt funding. Parent company contractual obligations include the repayment of principal and interest on unsecured debt issued or guaranteed by Bank of America Corporation or Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc., estimates of parent company operating expenses and other contractual commitments. As of September 30, 2009, “Time to Required Funding” was 32 months compared to 23 months at December 31, 2008. This exceeded the target range of 21 to 27 months established by ALMRC, primarily due to the at-the-market common stock offering during the second quarter of 2009 and the sale of CCB common stock during the first half of 2009.
We also consider the loan-to-domestic-deposit ratio in monitoring the stability of our funding composition and to assess liquidity requirements at our bank subsidiaries. This ratio reflects the percent of loans and leases that are funded by domestic deposits, a stable funding source. A ratio of 100 percent indicates that the loan portfolio is completely funded by
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domestic core deposits. Any amount above 100 percent represents the amount of the loan portfolio that is supported by other funding sources. The ratio was 102 percent at September 30, 2009 compared to 118 percent at December 31, 2008. The decrease was driven by the combination of lower loan levels due in part to decreased demand and higher deposit levels.
We maintain liquidity policies and contingency funding plans that outline our responses to liquidity stress events at various levels of severity. These plans include the potential funding strategies and communication procedures that we will implement in the event of stressed liquidity conditions. We periodically review and test the contingency funding sources to validate and assess readiness. In addition, we retain access to contingency funding through the Federal Reserve discount window and the Federal Home Loan Banks by ensuring a pool of eligible unencumbered loan collateral is available for pledging.
Market Conditions
The financial market disruptions that began in 2007 continued to impact the global economy and financial services industry in 2009. In response to these market conditions we have taken several steps to maintain and enhance liquidity. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, our cash and cash equivalents increased to $152.4 billion, up $119.6 billion from December 31, 2008. Our primary banking subsidiary, Bank of America, N.A., continues to maintain historically high levels of cash with the Federal Reserve each day.
The U.S. government and regulatory agencies have introduced various programs to stabilize and provide liquidity to the U.S. financial markets. We have participated in certain initiatives. During the third quarter we repaid the remaining secured borrowings under these programs and received approval to exit FDIC’s TLGP. The TLGP allowed us to issue senior unsecured debt guaranteed by the FDIC in return for a fee based on the amount and maturity of the debt. During the first three months of 2009, we issued $21.9 billion of FDIC-guaranteed senior unsecured long-term debt. The associated FDIC fee for these currently outstanding issuances was $554 million which is amortized into expense over the stated term of the debt. Under this program, our debt received the highest long-term ratings from the major credit rating agencies, which resulted in a lower total cost of issuance than if we issued non-FDIC guaranteed long-term debt. During the third quarter of 2009 we issued over $7.6 billion of long-term senior unsecured debt. These issuances were not FDIC guaranteed.
For further information regarding the U.S. government and regulatory agency programs see Regulatory Initiatives beginning on page 3 of the MD&A filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
In addition, starting late in the third quarter of 2008 and continuing into the first quarter of 2009, liquidity for asset-backed securitizations became disrupted and spreads rose to historic highs, negatively impacting our credit card securitization programs. Beginning in March 2009, conditions started to improve with spreads narrowing and liquidity returning to the marketplace, however, we have not yet returned to the market during the nine months ended September 30, 2009. Approximately $4.5 billion and $20.6 billion of debt issued through our U.S. Credit Card Securitization Trust will mature in the upcoming three and 12 months. The U.S. Credit Card Securitization Trust had approximately $83.2 billion in outstanding securitized loans at September 30, 2009 and the trust average excess spread was 5.29 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2009. If the three month average excess spread declines below 4.50 percent, the residual excess cash flows that are typically returned to the Corporation will be held by a trustee up to certain levels as additional credit enhancements to the investors. If the three month average excess spread were to decline to zero percent, the trust would enter into early amortization, repayment of the debt issued through our credit card securitizations would be accelerated and the Corporation would be required to fund all future credit card loan advances on-balance sheet. This could adversely impact the Corporation’s liquidity and capital.
As specifically permitted by the terms of the transaction documents, and in an effort to address the recent decline in the excess spread due to the performance of the underlying credit card receivables in the U.S. Credit Card Securitization Trust, an additional subordinated security totaling approximately $7.8 billion was issued by the trust to the Corporation in the first quarter of 2009. The current carrying value of the security is $6.9 billion. This security provides additional credit enhancement to the trust’s investors. In addition, as set forth in transaction documents, the Corporation allocated a percentage of new receivables into the trust that, when collected, will be deemed finance charges, which is expected to increase the yield in the trust. For regulatory capital purposes, these actions represent support for the trusts and resulted in an increase to our Tier 1 risk-weighted assets of approximately $67.0 billion at September 30, 2009. These actions did not have a significant impact on the Corporation’s results of operations.
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Credit Ratings
Our borrowing costs and ability to raise funds are directly impacted by our credit ratings, and it is our objective to maintain high quality credit ratings. In addition, credit ratings are important when we compete in certain markets and when we seek to engage in certain long-term transactions, including over the counter derivatives.
The rating agencies have noted that our credit ratings currently reflect significant support from the U.S. government. Other factors that influence our credit ratings include rating agencies’ assessment of the general operating environment, our relative positions in the markets in which we compete, our reputation, our liquidity position, the level and volatility of our earnings, our corporate governance and risk management policies, and our capital position and capital management practices.
The credit ratings of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. from the three major credit rating agencies are the same as those of Bank of America Corporation, and the major credit rating agencies have indicated that the primary drivers of Merrill Lynch’s credit ratings are Bank of America’s credit ratings.
On March 3, 2009, Standard & Poor’s downgraded Bank of America Corporation’s senior long-term debt rating from A+ to A and those of its major banking subsidiaries from AA- to A+. On March 25, 2009, Moody’s Investors Service downgraded Bank of America Corporation’s senior long-term debt rating from A1 to A2 and that of Bank of America, N.A. from Aa2 to Aa3. All three major rating agencies also downgraded Bank of America Corporation’s preferred stock and trust preferred securities during the first quarter of 2009. On May 4, 2009, Standard & Poor’s placed Bank of America Corporation’s ratings on CreditWatch with negative implications and further downgraded its preferred stock rating to B. On May 8, 2009, Standard & Poor’s affirmed Bank of America Corporation’s existing ratings and moved them to stable outlook from CreditWatch with negative implications.
A further reduction in these ratings or the ratings of certain asset-backed securitizations could have an adverse effect on our access to credit markets and the related cost of funds. If Bank of America Corporation or Bank of America, N.A. commercial paper or short-term credit ratings were downgraded by one level, our incremental cost of funds and potential lost funding may be material.
The credit ratings of Bank of America Corporation and Bank of America, N.A. as of November 6, 2009 are reflected in the table below.
Table 12
Credit Ratings
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Bank of America Corporation | | Bank of America, N.A. | | |
| | Commercial | | Senior | | Subordinated | | Trust | | Preferred | | Short-term | | Long- term | | Outlook for Long-term |
| | Paper | | Debt | | Debt | | Preferred | | Stock | | Borrowings | | Debt | | Debt Ratings |
Moody’s Investors Service | | P-1 | | A2 | | A3 | | Baa3 | | B3 | | P-1 | | Aa3 | | Stable |
| | | | | | | | |
Standard & Poor’s | | A-1 | | A | | A- | | B | | B | | A-1 | | A+ | | Stable |
| | | | | | | | |
Fitch Ratings | | F1+ | | A+ | | A | | BB- | | B | | F1+ | | A+ | | Stable |
Regulatory Capital
At September 30, 2009, the Corporation operated its banking activities primarily under two charters: Bank of America, N.A. and FIA Card Services, N.A. In addition, with the acquisition of Merrill Lynch on January 1, 2009, we acquired Merrill Lynch Bank USA and Merrill Lynch Bank & Trust Co., FSB. Effective April 27, 2009, Countrywide Bank, FSB converted to a national bank with the name Countrywide Bank, N.A. and immediately thereafter merged with and into Bank of America, N.A., with Bank of America, N.A. as the surviving entity. In addition, effective July 1, 2009, Merrill Lynch Bank USA merged into Bank of America, N.A, with Bank of America, N.A. as the surviving entity. In addition, effective November 2, 2009, Merrill Lynch Bank & Trust Co., FSB merged into Bank of America, N.A.
To meet minimum, adequately-capitalized regulatory requirements, an institution must maintain a Tier 1 Capital ratio of four percent and a Total Capital ratio of eight percent. A “well-capitalized” institution must generally maintain capital ratios 200 bps higher than the minimum guidelines. The risk-based capital rules have been further supplemented by a Tier 1 Leverage ratio, defined as Tier 1 Capital divided by adjusted quarterly average total assets, after certain adjustments. “Well-capitalized” bank holding companies must have a minimum Tier 1 Leverage ratio of four percent. National banks must maintain a Tier 1 Leverage ratio of at least five percent to be classified as “well-capitalized.” At September 30, 2009, the Corporation’s Tier 1 Capital, Total Capital and Tier 1 Leverage ratios were 12.33 percent, 16.53 percent, and 8.33 percent, respectively. This classifies the Corporation as “well-capitalized” for regulatory purposes, the highest classification.
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Certain corporate sponsored trust companies which issue trust preferred securities (Trust Securities) are not consolidated pursuant to GAAP. In accordance with FRB guidance, the FRB allows Trust Securities to qualify as Tier 1 Capital with revised quantitative limits that will be effective on March 31, 2011. As a result, we include Trust Securities in Tier 1 Capital. Such limits restrict certain types of capital to 15 percent of total core capital elements for internationally active bank holding companies. In addition, the FRB revised the qualitative standards for capital instruments included in regulatory capital. Internationally active bank holding companies are those with consolidated assets greater than $250 billion or on-balance sheet exposure greater than $10 billion. At September 30, 2009, the Corporation’s restricted core capital elements comprised 10.1 percent of total core capital elements.
Table 13
Regulatory Capital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 | | | | December 31, 2008 |
| | Actual | | Minimum | | | | Actual | | Minimum |
(Dollars in millions) | | Ratio | | | | Amount | | Required (1) | | | | Ratio | | | | Amount | | Required (1) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Risk-based capital | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Tier 1 Common | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Bank of America Corporation | | 7.18 | | % | | $ | 112,357 | | n/a | | | | 4.80 | | % | | $ | 63,339 | | n/a |
| | | | | | | | | |
Tier 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Bank of America Corporation | | 12.33 | | | | | 193,073 | | $62,634 | | | | 9.15 | | | | | 120,814 | | $52,833 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Bank of America, N.A. | | 10.28 | | | | | 110,018 | | 42,825 | | | | 8.51 | | | | | 88,979 | | 41,818 |
| | | | | | | | | |
FIA Card Services, N.A. | | 14.55 | | | | | 28,308 | | 7,780 | | | | 13.90 | | | | | 19,573 | | 5,632 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Bank of America Corporation | | 16.53 | | | | | 258,568 | | 125,269 | | | | 13.00 | | | | | 171,661 | | 105,666 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Bank of America, N.A. | | 13.82 | | | | | 147,924 | | 85,651 | | | | 11.71 | | | | | 122,392 | | 83,635 |
| | | | | | | | | |
FIA Card Services, N.A. | | 16.44 | | | | | 31,974 | | 15,561 | | | | 16.25 | | | | | 22,875 | | 11,264 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Tier 1 Leverage | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Bank of America Corporation | | 8.33 | | | | | 193,073 | | 92,683 | | | | 6.44 | | | | | 120,814 | | 56,155 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Bank of America, N.A. | | 7.38 | | | | | 110,018 | | 59,592 | | | | 5.94 | | | | | 88,979 | | 44,944 |
| | | | | | | | | |
FIA Card Services, N.A. | | 21.51 | | | | | 28,308 | | 5,264 | | | | 14.28 | | | | | 19,573 | | 4,113 |
| (1) | Dollar amount required to meet guidelines for adequately capitalized institutions. |
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Table 14 reconciles the Corporation’s total shareholders’ equity at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 to Tier 1 Common, Tier 1 Capital and Total Capital as defined by the regulations issued by the FRB, the FDIC, the OCC and the OTS.
Table 14
Reconciliation of Tier 1 Common Capital, Tier 1 Capital and Total Capital
| | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | | December 31 2008 | |
| | |
Total common shareholders’ equity | | $ | 198,843 | | | $ | 139,351 | |
| | |
Goodwill | | | (86,009 | ) | | | (81,934 | ) |
| | |
Nonqualifying intangible assets(1) | | | (8,844 | ) | | | (4,195 | ) |
| | |
Effect of net unrealized losses on AFS debt and marketable equity securities and net losses on derivatives recorded in accumulated OCI, net-of-tax | | | 1,719 | | | | 5,479 | |
| | |
Unamortized net periodic benefit costs recorded in accumulated OCI, net-of-tax | | | 4,308 | | | | 4,642 | |
| | |
Exclusion of fair value adjustment related to the Merrill Lynch structured notes(2) | | | 2,020 | | | | - | |
| | |
Other | | | 320 | | | | (4 | ) |
| | |
Total Tier 1 Common Capital | | | 112,357 | | | | 63,339 | |
| | |
Preferred stock | | | 58,840 | | | | 37,701 | |
| | |
Trust securities | | | 19,978 | | | | 18,105 | |
| | |
Minority interest | | | 1,898 | | | | 1,669 | |
| | |
Total Tier 1 Capital | | | 193,073 | | | | 120,814 | |
| | |
Long-term debt qualifying as Tier 2 Capital | | | 43,425 | | | | 31,312 | |
| | |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | | | 35,832 | | | | 23,071 | |
| | |
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments | | | 1,567 | | | | 421 | |
| | |
Other (3) | | | (15,329 | ) | | | (3,957 | ) |
| | |
Total Capital | | $ | 258,568 | | | $ | 171,661 | |
| (1) | Nonqualifying intangible assets of the Corporation are comprised of core deposit intangibles, affinity relationships, customer relationships and other intangibles. |
| (2) | Represents loss on Merrill Lynch structured notes, net-of-tax, that is excluded from Tier 1 Common, Tier 1 Capital and Total Capital for regulatory purposes. |
| (3) | At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the balance includes a reduction of $17.4 billion and $6.7 billion related to allowance for loan and lease losses exceeding 1.25 percent of risk-weighted assets. In addition, balances include 45 percent of the pre-tax unrealized fair value adjustments on AFS marketable equity securities including $3.5 billion related to the Corporation’s stock investment in CCB at December 31, 2008. |
The Corporation calculates Tier 1 Common Capital as Tier 1 Capital less preferred stock, trust preferred securities, hybrid securities and minority interest. Tier 1 Common Capital increased $49.0 billion to $112.4 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008. The Tier 1 Common Capital ratio increased 238 bps to 7.18 percent. This increase was predominantly driven by the second quarter at-the-market common stock issuance and the preferred to common stock exchanges which represented a benefit of 185 bps to the Tier 1 Common ratio. In addition, Tier 1 Common Capital benefited from the common stock that was issued in connection with the Merrill Lynch acquisition. The increase in the Tier 1 Common Capital ratio was partially offset by an increase in risk-weighted assets due to the Merrill Lynch acquisition.
As part of the CAP, we, as well as several other large financial institutions, are subject to the SCAP conducted by the federal regulators. The objective of the SCAP is to assess losses that could occur under certain economic scenarios, including economic conditions more severe than we currently anticipate. As a result of the SCAP, in May 2009 federal regulators determined that the Corporation required an additional $33.9 billion of Tier 1 common capital to sustain the most severe economic circumstances assuming a more prolonged and deeper recession over the next two years than both private and government economists currently project. We achieved the increased capital requirement during the first half of 2009 through strategic transactions that raised approximately $39.7 billion in common capital which significantly exceeded the SCAP buffer. This included a gain from the sale of shares in CCB, direct sale of common stock, reduced dividends on preferred shares associated with shares exchanged for common stock and related deferred tax disallowances. For more information on this capital raise, see Regulatory Initiatives beginning on page 95.
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Estimated Impact of Adopting SFAS 166 and 167
On June 12, 2009, the FASB issued two new accounting standards: SFAS 166 and SFAS 167, which will amend FASB ASC 860-10, “Transfers and Servicing,” and FASB ASC 810-10, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” These statements are effective on January 1, 2010. The following table shows the Corporation’s current assessment of the impact of these new accounting standards in terms of incremental GAAP assets and risk-weighted assets for those VIEs and QSPEs that the Corporation currently expects to consolidate as of January 1, 2010 (based on estimates as of September 30, 2009). This information reflects the Corporation’s current understanding of the provisions of these new standards. As interpretations evolve and more implementation guidance is available, this may change. Further, this information assumes that the assets and liabilities of the newly consolidated VIEs and QSPEs are recorded at their respective carrying values. The Corporation may instead elect to carry certain of these assets and liabilities at fair value under the fair value option.
Table 15
Estimated Incremental GAAP and Risk-Weighted Asset Impact
| | | | | | |
(Dollars in billions) | | Estimated Incremental GAAP Assets (1) | | Estimated Incremental Risk- Weighted Assets |
| | |
Type of VIE/QSPE | | | | | | |
Credit card securitization trusts(2) | | $ | 70 | | $ | 3 |
Asset-backed commercial paper conduits(3) | | | 14 | | | - |
Consumer mortgage loans vehicles | | | 11 | | | 11 |
Municipal bond trusts | | | 6 | | | 2 |
Credit-linked note vehicles | | | 7 | | | 7 |
Other | | | 13 | | | 4 |
Total | | $ | 121 | | $ | 27 |
| (1) | Due to the variety of transaction structures and the level of the Corporation’s involvement in individual VIEs and QSPEs, only the incremental portion of the VIE’s and QSPE’s assets included in this table are expected to be consolidated and therefore will not equal the amounts shown inNote 8 – Securitizations andNote 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
| (2) | The Corporation undertook certain actions during 2009 related to its off-balance sheet credit card securitization structures. As a result of these actions, the Corporation included approximately $67.0 billion of incremental risk-weighted assets in its risk-based capital ratios as of September 30, 2009. |
| (3) | Regulatory capital requirements are the same for asset-backed commercial paper conduits whether the assets are off-balance sheet or consolidated, based on current guidance. |
The actual impact of adopting the new accounting standards on January 1, 2010 could differ from the impact shown in Table 15 above as financial information changes from the September 30, 2009 estimates. In addition, on September 15, 2009 joint regulatory agencies issued an NPR regarding risk based capital and the impact of adoption of SFAS 166 and SFAS 167. The current estimate of the incremental impact would decrease our capital ratios by 55 to 70 basis points. However, the final capital impact of adopting these standards will be affected by the risk based capital NPR, the possible sale or restructuring of VIEs up until the date of adoption, the final determination of the cumulative effect of adoption of these standards on retained earnings, and limitations of deferred tax assets for risk based capital purposes. For more information refer to the Regulatory Initiatives section on page 95.
Common Share Issuances and Repurchases
In January 2009, the Corporation issued 1.4 billion shares of common stock in connection with its acquisition of Merrill Lynch. For additional information regarding the Merrill Lynch acquisition, seeNote 2–Merger and Restructuring Activity to the Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, during the first quarter of 2009, the Corporation issued warrants to purchase approximately 199.1 million shares of common stock in connection with preferred stock issuances to the U.S. government. For more information, see the following preferred stock discussion. During the second quarter of 2009, the Corporation issued 1.25 billion shares of its common stock at an average price of $10.77 per share through an at-the-market issuance program resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $13.5 billion.
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Under the terms of the issuance of our preferred stock and warrants to purchase common stock to the U.S. Treasury under the TARP Capital Purchase Program and Targeted Investment Program, for so long as any of such preferred stock remains outstanding, we are prohibited from increasing the current quarterly dividend rate on our common stock and from repurchasing the Corporation’s trust preferred securities or equity securities, including its common stock (except for repurchases of common stock in connection with benefit plans consistent with past practice), without the U.S. Treasury’s consent, until January 2012 or until the U.S. Treasury has transferred all such preferred stock to third parties. For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we did not repurchase any shares of common stock and issued 1.4 billion shares of common stock in connection with the Merrill Lynch acquisition. In addition, we issued approximately 7.5 million shares under employee stock plans. For more information regarding our common share issuances, seeNote 13 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements and for more information on restrictions on repurchases, seeNote 14 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
Common Stock Dividends
The following table is a summary of our regular quarterly cash dividends on common stock as of November 6, 2009. The declaration of common stock dividends is subject to restrictions that are described in detail inNote 14 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
Table 16
Common Stock Dividend Summary
| | | | | | |
Declaration Date | | Record Date | | Payment Date | | Dividend Per Share |
| | | |
October 28, 2009 | | December 4, 2009 | | December 24, 2009 | | $0.01 |
| | | |
July 21, 2009 | | September 4, 2009 | | September 25, 2009 | | 0.01 |
| | | |
April 29, 2009 | | June 5, 2009 | | June 26, 2009 | | 0.01 |
| | | |
January 16, 2009 | | March 6, 2009 | | March 27, 2009 | | 0.01 |
Preferred Stock Issuances and Exchanges
In January 2009, in connection with the TARP Capital Purchase Program and with the Merrill Lynch acquisition the Corporation issued 400 thousand shares of Series Q Preferred Stock and related warrants for cash proceeds of $10.0 billion of which $9.0 billion was allocated to preferred stock and $1.0 billion to the warrants on a relative fair value basis. Also in January 2009, the U.S. government agreed to assist in the Merrill Lynch acquisition by making a further investment in the Corporation of 800 thousand shares of Series R Preferred Stock and related warrants for cash proceeds of $20.0 billion of which $17.8 billion was allocated to preferred stock and $2.2 billion to the warrants on a relative fair value basis. The discount on the Series Q and R Preferred Stock is being accreted and recognized in retained earnings as a non-cash dividend which impacts diluted EPS, with a corresponding increase in the carrying value of the preferred stock, over a period of five years and 10 years, respectively. For determining the fair value of the stock warrants the Corporation utilized a Black-Scholes option model.
On January 1, 2009, as part of the acquisition of Merrill Lynch, the Corporation exchanged $8.6 billion of Merrill Lynch preferred stock for Bank of America preferred stock with substantially similar terms. For additional information on the Merrill Lynch acquisition, seeNote 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activityto the Consolidated Financial Statements and for more information on the issuance of preferred stock, seeNote 13 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Under the TARP, dividend payments on, and repurchases of, our outstanding preferred stock are subject to certain restrictions. For more information on these restrictions, seeNote 14 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
During the second quarter of 2009, the Corporation completed an offer to exchange up to approximately 200 million shares of common stock at an average price of $12.7048 for outstanding depositary shares of portions of certain series of preferred stock. In addition, the Corporation also entered into agreements with certain holders of other non-government perpetual preferred shares to exchange their holdings of approximately $10.9 billion aggregate liquidation preference of perpetual preferred stock into approximately 800 million shares of common stock. In total, the exchange offer and these privately negotiated exchanges cover the exchange of approximately $14.8 billion aggregate liquidation preference of
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perpetual preferred stock into approximately 1.0 billion shares of common stock. During the second quarter of 2009, the Corporation recorded an increase to retained earnings and net income available to common shareholders of $576 million related to these exchanges. This represents the net of a $2.6 billion benefit due to the excess of the carrying value of the Corporation’s non-convertible preferred stock over the fair value of the common stock exchanged. This was partially offset by a $2.0 billion inducement to convertible preferred shareholders. The inducement represented the excess of the fair value of the common stock exchanged, which was accounted for as an induced conversion of convertible preferred stock, over the fair value of the common stock that would have been issued under the original conversion terms. For additional information on our preferred stock, seeNote 13 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Preferred Stock Dividends
The following table is a summary of our most recent cash dividend declarations on preferred stock as of November 6, 2009.
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Table 17 |
Preferred Stock Cash Dividend Summary |
Preferred Stock | | Outstanding Notional Amount (in millions) | | Declaration Date | | Record Date | | Payment Date | | Per Annum Dividend Rate | | | | Dividend Per Share |
Series B(1) | | $ | 1 | | October 28, 2009 | | January 11, 2010 | | January 25, 2010 | | 7.00 | | % | | $ | 1.75 |
Series D(2) | | $ | 661 | | October 2, 2009 | | November 30, 2009 | | December 14, 2009 | | 6.204 | | % | | $ | 0.38775 |
Series E(2) | | $ | 487 | | October 2, 2009 | | October 30, 2009 | | November 16, 2009 | | Floating | | | | $ | 0.25556 |
Series H(2) | | $ | 2,862 | | October 2, 2009 | | October 15, 2009 | | November 2, 2009 | | 8.20 | | % | | $ | 0.51250 |
Series I(2) | | $ | 365 | | October 2, 2009 | | December 15, 2009 | | January 4, 2010 | | 6.625 | | % | | $ | 0.41406 |
Series J(2) | | $ | 978 | | October 2, 2009 | | October 15, 2009 | | November 2, 2009 | | 7.25 | | % | | $ | 0.45312 |
Series K(3, 4) | | $ | 1,668 | | July 2, 2009 | | July 15, 2009 | | July 30, 2009 | | Fixed-to-Floating | | | | $ | 40.00 |
Series L | | $ | 3,349 | | September 18, 2009 | | October 1, 2009 | | October 30, 2009 | | 7.25 | | % | | $ | 18.1250 |
Series M(3,4) | | $ | 1,434 | | October 2, 2009 | | October 31, 2009 | | November 16, 2009 | | Fixed-to-Floating | | | | $ | 40.625 |
Series N(1) | | $ | 15,000 | | October 2, 2009 | | October 31, 2009 | | November 16, 2009 | | 5.00 | | % | | $ | 312.50 |
Series Q(1) | | $ | 10,000 | | October 2, 2009 | | October 31, 2009 | | November 16, 2009 | | 5.00 | | % | | $ | 312.50 |
Series R(1) | | $ | 20,000 | | October 2, 2009 | | October 31, 2009 | | November 16, 2009 | | 8.00 | | % | | $ | 500.00 |
Series 1(5) | | $ | 146 | | October 2, 2009 | | November 15, 2009 | | November 30, 2009 | | Floating | | | | $ | 0.19167 |
Series 2(5) | | $ | 526 | | October 2, 2009 | | November 15, 2009 | | November 30, 2009 | | Floating | | | | $ | 0.19167 |
Series 3(5) | | $ | 670 | | October 2, 2009 | | November 15, 2009 | | November 30, 2009 | | 6.375 | | % | | $ | 0.39843 |
Series 4(5) | | $ | 389 | | October 2, 2009 | | November 15, 2009 | | November 30, 2009 | | Floating | | | | $ | 0.25556 |
Series 5(5) | | $ | 606 | | October 2, 2009 | | November 1, 2009 | | November 23, 2009 | | Floating | | | | $ | 0.25556 |
Series 6(6) | | $ | 65 | | October 2, 2009 | | December 15, 2009 | | December 30, 2009 | | 6.70 | | % | | $ | 0.41875 |
Series 7(6) | | $ | 17 | | October 2, 2009 | | December 15, 2009 | | December 30, 2009 | | 6.25 | | % | | $ | 0.39062 |
Series 8(5) | | $ | 2,673 | | October 2, 2009 | | November 15, 2009 | | November 30, 2009 | | 8.625 | | % | | $ | 0.53906 |
Series 2 (MC)(7) | | $ | 1,200 | | October 2, 2009 | | November 15, 2009 | | November 30, 2009 | | 9.00 | | % | | $ | 2,250.00 |
Series 3 (MC)(7) | | $ | 500 | | October 2, 2009 | | November 15, 2009 | | November 30, 2009 | | 9.00 | | % | | $ | 2,250.00 |
| (1) | Dividends are cumulative. |
| (2) | Dividends per depositary share, each representing a 1/1000th interest in a share of preferred stock. |
| (3) | Initially pays dividends semi-annually. |
| (4) | Dividends per depositary share, each representing 1/25th interest in a share of preferred stock. |
| (5) | Dividends per depositary share, each representing a 1/1200th interest in a share of preferred stock. |
| (6) | Dividends per depositary share, each representing 1/40th interest in a share of preferred stock. |
| (7) | Represents preferred stock of Merrill Lynch Co., Inc. which is mandatorily convertible on October 15, 2010, but optionally convertible prior to that date. |
Enterprise-wide Stress Testing
As a part of our core risk management practices, we conduct enterprise-wide stress tests on a periodic basis to better understand earnings, capital and liquidity sensitivities to certain economic scenarios, including economic conditions that are more severe than anticipated. These enterprise-wide stress tests provide an understanding of the potential impacts to our risk profile, capital and liquidity. Analysis of impacts from such stress scenarios is reviewed through our Risk Oversight Committee, ALMRC, and the Enterprise Risk Committee of the Board of Directors and serves to inform and be incorporated, along with other core business processes, into decision making by management and the Board. We continue to invest in and improve stress testing capabilities as a core business process.
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The economic recession accelerated in late 2008 and continued to deepen into the first half of 2009 but has shown some signs of stabilization and possible improvement late in the third quarter. Consumers continued to be under financial stress as unemployment and underemployment rose and individuals spent longer periods without work. These factors combined with further reductions in spending by consumers and businesses, continued home price declines and turmoil in sectors of the financial markets continued to negatively impact both the consumer and commercial loan portfolios. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, these conditions drove increases in net charge-offs and nonperforming assets as well as higher commercial criticized utilized exposure and reserve increases across most portfolios. Although, we expect continued economic uncertainty through the end of 2009 and into 2010, the depth, breadth and duration of the downturn as well as the resulting impacts on the credit quality of the portfolios remain unclear. For more information regarding Credit Risk Management, see the Credit Risk Management discussion beginning on page 44 in the MD&A filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
We continue to refine our credit standards to meet the changing economic environment. In our consumer businesses we have implemented a number of initiatives to mitigate losses. These include increased use of judgmental lending and adjustment of underwriting and account and line management standards and strategies, including reducing unfunded lines where appropriate. Additionally, we have increased collections, loan modification and customer assistance infrastructures to enhance customer support. To help homeowners avoid foreclosure, Bank of America has provided rate relief or agreed to other modifications with approximately 215,000 customers during the first nine months of 2009, compared with more than 230,000 for all of 2008 for Bank of America and Countrywide. In addition, through November 1, 2009 over 125,000 Bank of America customers are already in a trial period modification under the MHA program. The majority of these home retention solutions were extended as part of a broader initiative to offer modifications for approximately $100 billion in mortgage financing for up to 630,000 borrowers over the next several years.
A number of initiatives have also been implemented in our small business commercial – domestic portfolio including changes to underwriting thresholds augmented by a judgmental decision making process by experienced underwriters including increasing minimum FICO scores and lowering initial line assignments. We have also increased the intensity of our existing customer line management strategies.
To mitigate losses in the commercial businesses, we have increased the frequency and intensity of portfolio monitoring, hedging activity and our efforts in managing the exposure when we begin to see signs of deterioration. Our lines of business and risk management personnel use a variety of tools to continuously monitor the ability of a borrower or counterparty to perform under its obligations. It is our practice to transfer the management of deteriorating commercial exposures to independent Special Asset officers as a credit approaches criticized levels. Our experience has shown that this discipline generates an objective assessment of the borrower’s financial health and the value of our exposure and maximizes our recovery upon resolution. As part of our underwriting process we have increased scrutiny around stress analysis and required pricing and structure to reflect current market dynamics. Given the volatility of the financial markets, we increased the frequency of various tests designed to understand what the volatility could mean to our underlying credit risk. Given the potential for single name risk associated with any disruption in the financial markets, we use a real-time counterparty event management process to monitor key counterparties.
Additionally, we account for certain large corporate loans and loan commitments (including issued but unfunded letters of credit which are considered utilized for credit risk management purposes) that exceed our single name credit risk concentration guidelines at fair value under the fair value option. These loans and loan commitments are then actively managed and hedged, principally by purchasing credit default protection. By including the credit risk of the borrower in the fair value adjustments, any credit spread deterioration or improvement is recorded in other income immediately as part of the fair value adjustment. As a result, the allowance for loan and lease losses and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments are not used to capture credit losses inherent in any nonperforming or impaired loans and unfunded commitments carried at fair value. See the Commercial Loans Measured at Fair Value section on page 183 for more information on the performance of these loans and loan commitments and seeNote 16 – Fair Value Disclosures to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our fair value option elections.
The acquisition of Merrill Lynch contributed to both our consumer and commercial loans and commitments. Acquired consumer loans consist of residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit and direct/indirect loans (principally securities-based lending margin loans). Commercial exposures were comprised of both investment and non-investment grade loans and include exposures to CMBS, monolines and leveraged finance. Consistent with other acquisitions, we incorporated the acquired assets into our overall credit risk management processes and have enhanced disclosures where appropriate.
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|
Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management |
For information on our consumer credit risk management practices as well as our accounting policies regarding delinquencies, nonperforming status and charge-offs for the consumer portfolio, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management beginning on page 45 of the MD&A filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009 as well as Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
Consumer Credit Portfolio
Ongoing weakness in the economy and housing markets, elevated unemployment and underemployment, and tighter credit conditions resulted in deterioration across most of our consumer portfolios during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. However, during the three months ended September 30, 2009, the Global Card Servicesunsecured consumer portfolios experienced lower levels of delinquency compared to the prior quarter. As part of our ongoing risk mitigation and consumer client support initiatives, we have been working with borrowers to modify their loans to terms that better align with their current ability to pay. Under certain circumstances, we identify these as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) which are modifications where an economic concession has been granted to the borrower. For more information on TDRs and portfolio impacts, see the discussion in Nonperforming Consumer Assets Activity beginning on page 172 andNote 6 – Outstanding Loans and Leasesto the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Table 18 presents our consumer loans and leases and our managed credit card portfolio, and related credit quality information. Loans that were acquired from Countrywide that were considered impaired were written down to fair value at acquisition. In addition to being included in the “Outstandings” column in the following table, these loans are also shown separately, net of purchase accounting adjustments, for increased transparency in the “Countrywide Purchased Impaired Loan Portfolio” column. The impact of the Countrywide portfolio on certain credit statistics is reported where appropriate. Refer to the Countrywide Purchased Impaired Loan Portfolio discussion beginning on page 166 for more information.
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Loans that were acquired from Merrill Lynch were recorded at fair value along with those that were considered impaired at acquisition. The Merrill Lynch consumer purchased impaired loan portfolio did not materially alter the reported credit quality statistics of the consumer portfolios and is therefore excluded from the “Countrywide Purchased Impaired Loan Portfolio” column and discussion that follows. In addition, the nonperforming loans and delinquency statistics presented below include the Merrill Lynch purchased impaired loan portfolio based on the customer’s performance under the contractual terms of the loan. At September 30, 2009, consumer loans included $45.0 billion from Merrill Lynch of which $2.1 billion of residential mortgage and $150 million of home equity loans were included in the Merrill Lynch purchased impaired loan portfolio. There were no reported net charge-offs on these loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 as the initial fair value at acquisition date already considered the estimated credit losses.
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Table 18 |
Consumer Loans and Leases |
| | Outstandings | | Nonperforming (1, 2, 3) | | Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More(3, 4) | | Countrywide Purchased Impaired Loan Portfolio(5) |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 |
Held basis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Residential mortgage(6) | | $ | 238,921 | | $ | 248,063 | | $ | 15,509 | | $ | 7,057 | | $ | 2,325 | | $ | 372 | | $ | 11,179 | | $ | 10,013 |
Home equity | | | 152,039 | | | 152,483 | | | 3,741 | | | 2,637 | | | - | | | - | | | 13,612 | | | 14,099 |
Discontinued real estate (7) | | | 15,460 | | | 19,981 | | | 207 | | | 77 | | | - | | | - | | | 13,890 | | | 18,097 |
Credit card – domestic | | | 49,221 | | | 64,128 | | | n/a | | | n/a | | | 2,088 | | | 2,197 | | | n/a | | | n/a |
Credit card – foreign | | | 20,985 | | | 17,146 | | | n/a | | | n/a | | | 505 | | | 368 | | | n/a | | | n/a |
Direct/Indirect consumer(8) | | | 98,366 | | | 83,436 | | | 92 | | | 26 | | | 1,499 | | | 1,370 | | | n/a | | | n/a |
Other consumer(9) | | | 3,264 | | | 3,442 | | | 105 | | | 91 | | | 3 | | | 4 | | | n/a | | | n/a |
Total held | | $ | 578,256 | | $ | 588,679 | | $ | 19,654 | | $ | 9,888 | | $ | 6,420 | | $ | 4,311 | | $ | 38,681 | | $ | 42,209 |
Supplemental managed basis data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit card – domestic | | $ | 133,766 | | $ | 154,151 | | | n/a | | | n/a | | $ | 5,357 | | $ | 5,033 | | | n/a | | | n/a |
Credit card – foreign | | | 30,768 | | | 28,083 | | | n/a | | | n/a | | | 836 | | | 717 | | | n/a | | | n/a |
Total credit card – managed | | $ | 164,534 | | $ | 182,234 | | | n/a | | | n/a | | $ | 6,193 | | $ | 5,750 | | | n/a | | | n/a |
| (1) | The definition of nonperforming generally does not include consumer credit card and consumer non-real estate loans and leases. These loans are charged off no later than the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due. |
| (2) | Nonperforming held consumer loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases were 3.40 percent (3.64 percent excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio) and 1.68 percent (1.81 percent excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio) at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
| (3) | Balances do not include Countrywide purchased impaired loans, even though the customer may be contractually past due. Loans accounted for as impaired upon acquisition were written down to fair value upon acquisition and accrete interest income over the remaining life of the loan. |
| (4) | Accruing held consumer loans and leases past due 90 days or more as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases were 1.11 percent (1.19 percent excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio) and 0.73 percent (0.79 percent excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio) at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Residential mortgages accruing past due 90 days or more represent repurchases of insured or guaranteed loans. See residential mortgage discussion for more detail. |
| (5) | Represents acquired loans from Countrywide that were considered impaired and written down to fair value at the acquisition date. These amounts are included in the Outstandings column in this table. |
| (6) | Includes foreign residential mortgages of $533 million at September 30, 2009 from the Merrill Lynch acquisition. We did not have any foreign residential mortgage loans at December 31, 2008. |
| (7) | Discontinued real estate includes $13.9 billion and $18.2 billion of pay option loans and $1.5 billion and $1.8 billion of subprime loans at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 which were obtained in connection with the acquisition of Countrywide. We no longer originate these products. |
| (8) | Outstandings include dealer financial services loans of $41.4 billion and $40.1 billion, consumer lending loans of $21.9 billion and $28.2 billion, securities-based lending margin loans of $11.7 billion and $0, and foreign consumer loans of $7.9 billion and $1.8 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
| (9) | Outstandings include consumer finance loans of $2.3 billion and $2.6 billion, and other foreign consumer loans of $683 million and $618 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
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Table 19 presents net charge-offs and related ratios for our consumer loans and leases, and net losses and related ratios for our managed credit card portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. The reported net charge-off ratios for residential mortgage, home equity and discontinued real estate benefit from the addition of the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio as the initial fair value adjustments recorded on those loans at acquisition already included the estimated credit losses. The reported net charge-offs for residential mortgage do not include the benefits of amounts reimbursable under cash collateralized synthetic securitizations. Adjusting for the benefit of this credit protection, the residential mortgage net charge-off ratio for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 would have been reduced by 29 bps.
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Table 19 |
Consumer Net Charge-offs/Net Losses and Related Ratios |
| | Net Charge-offs/Losses | | | Net Charge-off/Loss Ratios(1, 2) | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | | | Three Months Ended September 30 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | |
Held basis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Residential mortgage | | $ | 1,247 | | $ | 242 | | | $ | 3,117 | | $ | 459 | | | 2.05 | | % | | 0.37 | | | % | | 1.64 | | % | | 0.23 | | | % |
Home equity | | | 1,970 | | | 964 | | | | 5,490 | | | 2,383 | | | 5.10 | | | | 2.53 | | | | | 4.70 | | | | 2.46 | | | |
Discontinued real estate | | | 37 | | | (3 | ) | | | 87 | | | (3 | ) | | 0.89 | | | | (0.05 | ) | | | | 0.64 | | | | (0.05 | ) | | |
Credit card – domestic | | | 1,787 | | | 1,094 | | | | 5,001 | | | 2,917 | | | 14.25 | | | | 6.86 | | | | | 12.51 | | | | 6.20 | | | |
Credit card – foreign | | | 382 | | | 148 | | | | 844 | | | 389 | | | 7.14 | | | | 3.46 | | | | | 5.95 | | | | 3.19 | | | |
Direct/Indirect consumer | | | 1,451 | | | 845 | | | | 4,175 | | | 2,060 | | | 5.76 | | | | 3.94 | | | | | 5.56 | | | | 3.35 | | | |
Other consumer | | | 118 | | | 106 | | | | 314 | | | 275 | | | 14.00 | | | | 11.36 | | | | | 12.54 | | | | 9.45 | | | |
Total held | | $ | 6,992 | | $ | 3,396 | | | $ | 19,028 | | $ | 8,480 | | | 4.73 | | | | 2.24 | | | | | 4.21 | | | | 2.01 | | | |
Supplemental managed basis data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit card – domestic | | $ | 4,816 | | $ | 2,643 | | | $ | 12,767 | | $ | 7,125 | | | 13.92 | | | | 6.87 | | | | | 11.88 | | | | 6.24 | | | |
Credit card – foreign | | | 661 | | | 353 | | | | 1,551 | | | 994 | | | 8.41 | | | | 4.21 | | | | | 7.05 | | | | 4.06 | | | |
Total credit card – managed | | $ | 5,477 | | $ | 2,996 | | | $ | 14,318 | | $ | 8,119 | | | 12.90 | | | | 6.40 | | | | | 11.06 | | | | 5.85 | | | |
| (1) | Net charge-off/loss ratios are calculated as annualized held net charge-offs or managed net losses divided by average outstanding held or managed loans and leases during the period for each loan and lease category. |
| (2) | Net charge-off ratios excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio were 2.14 percent and 1.71 percent for residential mortgage, 5.60 percent and 5.16 percent for home equity, 7.76 percent and 6.24 percent for discontinued real estate, and 5.07 percent and 4.51 percent for the total held consumer portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, respectively. These are the only product classifications materially impacted by the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. For these loan and lease categories the dollar amounts of the net charge-offs were unchanged. |
In certain cases, the inclusion of the Countrywide purchased impaired portfolio, which was written down to fair value at acquisition, may impact portfolio credit statistics and trends. We believe that the presentation of information adjusted to exclude the impacts of the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio is more representative of the ongoing operations and credit quality of the business. As a result, in the discussions below of the residential mortgage, home equity and discontinued real estate portfolios, we supplement certain reported statistics with information that is adjusted to exclude the impacts of the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio. In addition, beginning on page 166, we separately disclose information on the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio.
Residential Mortgage
The residential mortgage portfolio, which excludes the discontinued real estate portfolio acquired with Countrywide, makes up the largest percentage of our consumer loan portfolio at 41 percent of consumer loans and leases (42 percent excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio) at September 30, 2009. Approximately 15 percent of the residential mortgage portfolio is inGWIM and represents residential mortgages that were originated for the home purchase and refinancing needs of our affluent customers. The remaining portion of the portfolio is mostly in All Other and is comprised of both purchased loans as well as residential loans originated for our customers which are used in our overall ALM activities.
Outstanding loans and leases decreased $9.1 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 due to lower balance sheet retention of new originations, paydowns, charge-offs as well as sales and conversions of loans into retained mortgage-backed securities. These decreases were offset in part by the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest were $2.3 billion and $372 million related to repurchases pursuant to our servicing agreements with Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) mortgage pools where repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. The increase was driven by the repurchase of $1.9 billion of delinquent loans from
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securitizations during the quarter primarily related to the reinstatement of the repurchase program in relation to legacy Countrywide loan pools. Excluding these repurchases, the accruing loans past due 90 days or more as a percentage of consumer loans and leases would have been 0.71 percent (0.76 percent excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio) and 0.67 percent (0.72 percent excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio) at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
Nonperforming residential mortgage loans increased $8.5 billion compared to December 31, 2008 due to the impacts of the weak housing markets and economic conditions and in part due to TDRs. At September 30, 2009, $8.4 billion or approximately 54 percent of the nonperforming residential mortgage loans were greater than 180 days past due and had been written down to their fair values. For more information on TDRs refer to the Nonperforming Consumer Assets Activity discussion on page 172 andNote 6 – Outstanding Loans and Leasesto the Consolidated Financial Statements. Net charge-offs increased $1.0 billion to $1.2 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2009, or 2.05 percent (2.14 percent excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired portfolio) of total average residential mortgage loans compared to 0.37 percent for the same period in 2008. Net charge-offs increased $2.7 billion to $3.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009, or 1.64 percent (1.71 percent excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired portfolio) of total average residential mortgage loans compared to 0.23 percent for the same period in 2008. These increases reflect the impacts of the weak housing markets and the weak economy. See the Countrywide Purchased Impaired Loan Portfolio discussion beginning on page 166 for more information.
We mitigate a portion of our credit risk through cash collateralized synthetic securitizations which provide mezzanine risk protection of $2.6 billion and are designed to reimburse us in the event that losses exceed 10 bps of the original pool balance. As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, $76.3 billion and $109.3 billion of mortgage loans were referenced by these agreements. The decrease in these credit protected pools was due to approximately $9.9 billion in loan sales, a terminated transaction of $6.6 billion and principal payments during the nine months ended September 30, 2009. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, $37 million and $673 million were recognized in other income for amounts that will be reimbursed under these structures. As of September 30, 2009, we had a receivable of $1.1 billion from these structures for reimbursement of losses. In addition, we have entered into credit protection agreements with government sponsored enterprises (GSEs) of $5.5 billion and $9.6 billion as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, providing full protection on conforming residential mortgage loans that become severely delinquent. The decrease in the GSE protected pool is primarily due to loan sales during the first nine months of 2009. Combined, these structures provided risk mitigation for approximately 34 percent and 48 percent of our residential mortgage portfolio at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Our regulatory risk-weighted assets were reduced as a result of these risk protection transactions because we transferred a portion of our credit risk to unaffiliated parties. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, these transactions had the cumulative effect of reducing our risk-weighted assets by $18.3 billion and $34.0 billion, and strengthened our Tier 1 Capital ratio at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 by 15 bps and 24 bps.
Below is a discussion of certain risk characteristics of the residential mortgage portfolio excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio, which have contributed to higher losses. These characteristics include loans with high refreshed LTVs, loans which were originated at the peak of home prices in 2006 and 2007, loans to borrowers located in the states of California and Florida where we have concentrations and where significant declines in home prices have been experienced, as well as interest only loans. Although the disclosures below deal with each of these risk characteristics separately, there is significant overlap in loans with these characteristics, which has contributed to a disproportionate share of the losses in the portfolio. Excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired portfolio, residential mortgage loans with all of these higher risk characteristics comprised eight percent of the total residential mortgage portfolio at September 30, 2009, but have accounted for 33 percent and 31 percent of the residential mortgage net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009.
Residential mortgage loans with a greater than 90 percent but less than 100 percent refreshed LTV represented 11 percent of the portfolio and loans with a refreshed LTV greater than 100 percent represented 27 percent. Of the loans with a refreshed LTV greater than 100 percent, 82 percent were performing at September 30, 2009. The remaining were classified as nonperforming, however 64 percent of those were greater than 180 days past due and had been written down to their fair values. Additionally, nonperforming loans which are not greater than 180 days past due include loans which have been modified and are performing in accordance with their modified terms but are classified as nonperforming because they were TDRs. Loans with a refreshed LTV greater than 100 percent reflect loans where the outstanding balance of the loan is greater than the most recent valuation of the property securing the loan. The majority of these loans have a refreshed LTV greater than 100 percent due primarily to home price deterioration from the weakened economy. Loans with refreshed FICO scores lower than 620 represented 14 percent of the portfolio.
The 2006 and 2007 vintage loans, which represent 44 percent of our residential mortgage portfolio, continue to season and have a higher refreshed LTV and accounted for 68 percent of nonperforming loans at September 30, 2009 and approximately 83 percent and 82 percent of net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009.
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In addition, residential mortgage loans to borrowers in the state of California represented 36 percent of total residential mortgage loans at both September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) within California represented 13 percent of the total residential mortgage portfolio at both September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. In addition, residential mortgage loans to borrowers in the state of Florida represented six percent of the total residential mortgage portfolio at September 30, 2009 and seven percent at December 31, 2008. California and Florida combined represented 42 percent of the total residential mortgage portfolio and 44 percent of nonperforming residential mortgage loans at September 30, 2009, but accounted for 59 percent and 60 percent of the residential mortgage net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. California and Florida in aggregate comprised 62 percent of loans with a refreshed LTV greater than 100 percent at September 30, 2009, of which 81 percent were performing. The remaining loans were classified as nonperforming, however 68 percent of those were greater than 180 days past due and had been written down to fair value. Additionally, nonperforming loans which are not greater than 180 days past due include loans which have been modified and are performing in accordance with their modified terms but are classified as nonperforming because they were TDRs. Additionally, 40 percent and 28 percent of loans in California and Florida are in reference pools of synthetic securitizations, as described above, which provide mezzanine risk protection. The table below presents outstandings, nonperforming loans and net charge-offs by certain state concentrations for the residential mortgage portfolio.
Table 20
Residential Mortgage State Concentrations
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Outstandings | | Nonperforming | | Net Charge-offs |
| | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | Three Months Ended September 30 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | | | | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
California | | $ | 82,132 | | $ | 84,847 | | $ | 5,125 | | $ | 2,028 | | $ | 552 | | $ | 114 | | $ | 1,346 | | $ | 195 |
Florida | | | 14,599 | | | 15,787 | | | 1,759 | | | 1,012 | | | 186 | | | 37 | | | 514 | | | 75 |
New York | | | 12,679 | | | 15,539 | | | 613 | | | 255 | | | 24 | | | 1 | | | 45 | | | 4 |
Texas | | | 9,731 | | | 10,804 | | | 579 | | | 315 | | | 13 | | | 4 | | | 41 | | | 13 |
Virginia | | | 8,036 | | | 9,696 | | | 461 | | | 229 | | | 21 | | | 9 | | | 68 | | | 17 |
Other U.S./Foreign | | | 100,565 | | | 101,377 | | | 6,972 | | | 3,218 | | | 451 | | | 77 | | | 1,103 | | | 155 |
Total residential mortgage loans (excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired residential mortgage loan portfolio) | | $ | 227,742 | | $ | 238,050 | | $ | 15,509 | | $ | 7,057 | | $ | 1,247 | | $ | 242 | | $ | 3,117 | | $ | 459 |
Total Countrywide purchased impaired residential mortgage loan portfolio(1) | | | 11,179 | | | 10,013 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total residential mortgage loans | | $ | 238,921 | | $ | 248,063 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | Represents acquired loans from Countrywide that were considered impaired and written down to fair value at the acquisition date. See page 166 for the discussion of the characteristics of the purchased impaired loans. |
Of the total residential mortgage portfolio, $86.6 billion or 38 percent at September 30, 2009 are interest-only loans of which 90 percent were performing. Nonperforming balances on interest-only residential mortgage loans were $8.2 billion or 53 percent of total nonperforming residential mortgages. Additionally, net charge-offs on the interest-only portfolio represented 59 percent and 60 percent of the total residential mortgage net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009.
The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) encourages banks to meet the credit needs of their communities for housing and other purposes, particularly in neighborhoods with low or moderate incomes. At September 30, 2009, our CRA portfolio comprised seven percent of the total period end residential mortgage loan balances but comprised 19 percent of nonperforming residential mortgage loans. This portfolio also comprised 22 percent of residential mortgage net charge-offs during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. While approximately 34 percent of our overall residential mortgage portfolio carries risk mitigation protection, only a small portion of our CRA portfolio is covered by this protection.
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Home Equity
The home equity portfolio is comprised of home equity loans and home equity lines of credit. At September 30, 2009, approximately 87 percent of the home equity portfolio was included in Home Loans & Insurance, while the remainder of the portfolio was primarily inGWIM. Outstanding home equity loans decreased $444 million at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 due to paydowns in the legacy portfolio partially offset by the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. Of the home equity loans at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, approximately $25.9 billion or 17 percent and $23.2 billion or 15 percent were in first lien positions (19 percent and 17 percent excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired home equity loan portfolio). For more information on the Countrywide purchased impaired home equity loan portfolio, see the discussion in Countrywide Purchased Impaired Loan Portfolio beginning on page 166.
Home equity unused lines of credit totaled approximately $95.7 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to $107.4 billion at December 31, 2008. This decrease was driven primarily by customer account attrition as well as line management initiatives on deteriorating accounts with declining equity positions partially offset by the Merrill Lynch acquisition. The home equity utilization rate was 56 percent at September 30, 2009 compared to 52 percent at December 31, 2008.
Nonperforming home equity loans increased $1.1 billion to $3.7 billion compared to December 31, 2008 due in part to TDRs. At September 30, 2009, $576 million, or approximately 15 percent of the nonperforming home equity loans were greater than 180 days past due and had been written down to their fair values. For more information on TDRs refer to the Nonperforming Consumer Assets Activity discussion on page 172 andNote 6 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Net charge-offs increased $1.0 billion to $2.0 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2009 or 5.10 percent (5.60 percent excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired home equity portfolio) of total average home equity loans compared to 2.53 percent for the same period in 2008. Net charge-offs increased $3.1 billion to $5.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 or 4.70 percent (5.16 percent excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired home equity portfolio) of total average home equity loans compared to 2.46 percent for the same period in 2008. These increases were driven by continued weakness in the housing markets and the economy as well as approximately $223 million in charge-offs related to loss severity adjustments driven by the protracted nature of collections under certain insurance contracts.
Below is a discussion of certain risk characteristics of the home equity portfolio excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio, which have contributed to higher losses. These characteristics include loans with high refreshed CLTV, loans originated at the peak of home prices in 2006 and 2007, and loans in geographic areas that have experienced the most significant declines in home prices. Home price declines coupled with the fact that most home equity loans are secured by second lien positions have significantly reduced and in some cases eliminated all collateral value after consideration of the first lien position. Although the disclosures below deal with each of these risk characteristics separately, there is significant overlap in loans with these characteristics, which has contributed to a disproportionate share of losses in the portfolio. Excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired portfolio, home equity loans with all of these higher risk characteristics comprised 14 percent of the total home equity portfolio at September 30, 2009, but have accounted for 37 percent and 38 percent of the home equity net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009.
Home equity loans with greater than 90 percent but less than 100 percent refreshed CLTV comprised 12 percent of the home equity portfolio while loans with refreshed CLTVs greater than 100 percent comprised 38 percent of the portfolio at September 30, 2009. Net charge-offs on loans with a refreshed CLTV greater than 100 percent represented 76 percent and 82 percent of net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. Of those loans with a refreshed CLTV greater than 100 percent, 95 percent were performing at September 30, 2009. Home equity loans and lines of credit with a refreshed CLTV greater than 100 percent reflect loans where the outstanding balance of the combined loans is equal to or greater than the most recent valuation of the property securing the loan. The majority of these high refreshed CLTV ratios are due to the weakened economy and home price declines. In addition, loans with a refreshed FICO score lower than 620 represented 12 percent of the home equity loans at September 30, 2009. Of the total home equity portfolio, 68 percent at September 30, 2009 were interest-only loans.
The 2006 and 2007 vintage loans, which represent 48 percent of our home equity portfolio, continue to season and have a higher refreshed CLTV and accounted for 61 percent of nonperforming loans at September 30, 2009 and approximately 72 percent and 73 percent of net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. Additionally, legacy Bank of America discontinued the program of purchasing non-franchise originated loans in the second quarter of 2007. These purchased loans represented only two percent of the portfolio but accounted for seven percent and 10 percent of net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009.
Excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired home equity portfolio, our home equity loan portfolio in the states of California and Florida represented 41 percent and 40 percent of outstanding home equity loans at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. These states accounted for $2.0 billion, or 53 percent, of nonperforming home equity loans at
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September 30, 2009. In addition, these states represented 61 percent of the home equity net charge-offs for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. California and Florida in aggregate represented 58 percent of outstanding home equity loans with a refreshed CLTV greater than 100 percent, of which 95 percent were performing at September 30, 2009. The average refreshed CLTV for home equity loans in these states was 105 percent as of September 30, 2009. The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana MSA within California made up 11 percent of outstanding home equity loans at September 30, 2009 and 15 percent and 11 percent of net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. In the New York area, the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island MSA made up 11 percent of outstanding home equity loans at September 30, 2009 but comprised only seven percent and six percent of net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. The table below presents outstandings, nonperforming loans and net charge-offs by certain state concentrations for the home equity portfolio.
Table 21
Home Equity State Concentrations
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Outstandings | | Nonperforming | | Net Charge-offs |
| | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | Three Months Ended September 30 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | | | | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
California | | $ | 39,196 | | $ | 38,015 | | $ | 1,191 | | $ | 857 | | $ | 783 | | $ | 409 | | $ | 2,105 | | $ | 1,012 |
Florida | | | 17,288 | | | 17,893 | | | 782 | | | 597 | | | 414 | | | 232 | | | 1,239 | | | 519 |
New Jersey | | | 8,951 | | | 8,929 | | | 186 | | | 126 | | | 74 | | | 23 | | | 181 | | | 68 |
New York | | | 8,919 | | | 8,602 | | | 265 | | | 176 | | | 85 | | | 23 | | | 203 | | | 69 |
Massachusetts | | | 6,288 | | | 6,008 | | | 84 | | | 48 | | | 23 | | | 14 | | | 70 | | | 41 |
Other U.S./Foreign | | | 57,785 | | | 58,937 | | | 1,233 | | | 833 | | | 591 | | | 263 | | | 1,692 | | | 674 |
Total home equity loans (excluding the Countrywide purchased impaired home equity portfolio) | | $ | 138,427 | | $ | 138,384 | | $ | 3,741 | | $ | 2,637 | | $ | 1,970 | | $ | 964 | | $ | 5,490 | | $ | 2,383 |
Total Countrywide purchased impaired home equity portfolio(1) | | | 13,612 | | | 14,099 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total home equity portfolio | | $ | 152,039 | | $ | 152,483 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | Represents acquired loans and lines of credit from Countrywide that were considered impaired and written down to fair value at the acquisition. See page 166 for the discussion of the characteristics of the purchased impaired loans. |
Discontinued Real Estate
The discontinued real estate portfolio, totaling $15.5 billion at September 30, 2009, consisted of pay option and subprime loans obtained in connection with the acquisition of Countrywide. At acquisition, the majority of the discontinued real estate portfolio was considered impaired and, accordingly written down to fair value. At September 30, 2009, the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio comprised $13.9 billion or 90 percent of the discontinued real estate portfolio. This portfolio is included in All Other and is managed as part of our overall ALM activities. See the Countrywide Purchased Impaired Loan Portfolio discussion to follow for more information on the discontinued real estate portfolio.
At September 30, 2009, the non-purchased impaired discontinued real estate portfolio was $1.6 billion. These loans with greater than 90 percent but less than 100 percent refreshed CLTV comprised 13 percent of the discontinued real estate portfolio while loans with refreshed CLTVs greater than 100 percent comprised 10 percent of the portfolio at September 30, 2009. Loans with refreshed FICO scores lower than 620 represented 34 percent of the portfolio. California represented 36 percent of the portfolio and 39 percent of the nonperforming loans while Florida represented nine percent of the portfolio and 14 percent of the nonperforming loans at September 30, 2009. The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana MSA within California made up 15 percent of outstanding discontinued real estate loans at September 30, 2009.
Countrywide Purchased Impaired Loan Portfolio
Loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination and for which it is probable at purchase that we will be unable to collect all contractually required payments are accounted for as purchased impaired loans, which addresses accounting for differences between contractual and expected cash flows to be collected from the Corporation’s initial investment in loans if those differences are attributable, at least in part, to credit quality. Evidence of credit quality deterioration as of the purchase date may include statistics such as past due status, refreshed FICO scores, and refreshed LTVs. Purchased impaired loans are recorded at fair value and purchased impaired loan accounting prohibits “carrying over” or the creation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting. The Merrill Lynch purchased impaired consumer loan portfolio did not materially alter the reported credit quality statistics of the consumer portfolios. As such, the Merrill Lynch consumer purchased impaired loan portfolio is excluded from the following discussion and credit statistics.
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Certain acquired loans of Countrywide that were considered impaired were written down to fair value at the acquisition date. As a result, there were no reported net charge-offs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 on these loans as the initial fair value at acquisition date already considered the estimated credit losses on these loans. As of September 30, 2009, the carrying value was $38.7 billion, excluding the $3.5 billion in incremental allowance, and the unpaid principal balance of these loans was $49.2 billion. Based on the unpaid principal balance $33.2 billion have experienced no charge-offs and of these loans 83 percent, or $27.4 billion are current based on their contractual terms. Of the $5.8 billion that are not current, approximately one-third, or $1.8 billion are in early stage delinquency. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, had the acquired portfolios not been accounted for as impaired, we would have recorded additional net charge-offs of $2.2 billion and $6.6 billion. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio experienced further credit deterioration due to weakness in the housing markets and the impacts of a weak economy. As such, during the three months ended September 30, 2009, we recorded a $1.3 billion charge to the provision for credit losses. The allowance increase was comprised of $726 million for home equity loans and $583 million for discontinued real estate loans. For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we recorded a $2.8 billion charge to the provision for credit losses comprised of $2.5 billion for home equity loans and $316 million for discontinued real estate loans. For further information regarding the purchased impaired loan portfolio, seeNote 6 – Outstanding Loans and Leasesto the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In the paragraphs below we provide additional information on the Countrywide purchased impaired residential mortgage, home equity and discontinued real estate loan portfolios. Since these loans were written down to fair value upon acquisition, we are reporting this information separately. In certain cases, we supplement the reported statistics on these portfolios with information that is presented as if the acquired loans had not been accounted for as impaired upon acquisition.
Residential Mortgage
The Countrywide purchased impaired residential mortgage portfolio outstandings were $11.2 billion at September 30, 2009 and comprised 29 percent of the total Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio. Those loans with a refreshed FICO score lower than 620 represented 30 percent of the Countrywide purchased impaired residential mortgage portfolio at September 30, 2009. Refreshed LTVs greater than 90 percent after consideration of purchase accounting adjustments and refreshed LTVs greater than 90 percent based on the unpaid principal balance represented 67 percent and 81 percent of the residential mortgage portfolio.
California represented approximately 56 percent of the outstanding Countrywide purchased impaired residential mortgage portfolio and Florida represented approximately seven percent at September 30, 2009. Had the acquired portfolios not been accounted for as impaired upon acquisition the residential mortgage portfolio would have had additional net charge-offs of $349 million and $918 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. The table below presents outstandings net of purchase accounting adjustments and net charge-offs had the portfolio not been accounted for as impaired upon acquisition, by certain state concentrations.
Table 22
Countrywide Purchased Impaired Loan Portfolio– Residential Mortgage State Concentrations
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Outstandings | | Purchased Impaired Net Charge-offs (1,2) |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 |
California | | $ | 6,228 | | $ | 5,633 | | $ | 181 | | $ | 491 |
Florida | | | 831 | | | 776 | | | 52 | | | 144 |
Virginia | | | 621 | | | 556 | | | 12 | | | 30 |
Maryland | | | 284 | | | 253 | | | 7 | | | 13 |
Texas | | | 168 | | | 148 | | | 1 | | | 5 |
Other U.S. / Foreign | | | 3,047 | | | 2,647 | | | 96 | | | 235 |
Total Countrywide purchased impaired residential mortgage loan portfolio | | $ | 11,179 | | $ | 10,013 | | $ | 349 | | $ | 918 |
(1) | Represents additional net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 had the portfolio not been accounted for as impaired upon acquisition. |
(2) | Those loans that were originally classified as discontinued real estate loans upon acquisition and have been subsequently modified are now included in the residential mortgage outstandings shown above. Charge-offs on these loans prior to modification are excluded from the amounts shown above and shown as discontinued real estate charge-offs consistent with the product classification of the loan at the time of charge-off. |
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Home Equity
The Countrywide purchased impaired home equity outstandings were $13.6 billion at September 30, 2009 and comprised 35 percent of the total Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio. Those loans with a refreshed FICO score lower than 620 represented 20 percent of the Countrywide purchased impaired home equity portfolio at September 30, 2009. Refreshed CLTVs greater than 90 percent represented 90 percent of the home equity portfolio at September 30, 2009, based both on the unpaid principal balance and after consideration of purchase accounting adjustments.
California represented approximately 33 percent of the outstanding Countrywide purchased impaired home equity portfolio and Florida represented approximately six percent at September 30, 2009. Had the acquired portfolios not been accounted for as impaired upon acquisition the home equity portfolio would have had additional net charge-offs of $866 million and $2.7 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. The table below presents outstandings net of purchase accounting adjustments and net charge-offs had the portfolio not been impaired upon acquisition, by certain state concentrations.
Table 23
Countrywide Purchased Impaired Portfolio–Home Equity State Concentrations
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Outstandings | | Purchased Impaired Net Charge-offs (1) |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 |
California | | $ | 4,458 | | $ | 5,110 | | $ | 445 | | $ | 1,403 |
Florida | | | 797 | | | 910 | | | 71 | | | 254 |
Arizona | | | 562 | | | 626 | | | 51 | | | 157 |
Virginia | | | 552 | | | 529 | | | 18 | | | 58 |
Colorado | | | 429 | | | 402 | | | 12 | | | 36 |
Other U.S. / Foreign | | | 6,814 | | | 6,522 | | | 269 | | | 812 |
Total Countrywide purchased impaired home equity portfolio | | $ | 13,612 | | $ | 14,099 | | $ | 866 | | $ | 2,720 |
(1) | Represents additional net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 had the portfolio not been accounted for as impaired upon acquisition. |
Discontinued Real Estate
The Countrywide purchased impaired discontinued real estate portfolio outstandings were $13.9 billion at September 30, 2009 and comprised 36 percent of the total Countrywide purchased impaired loan portfolio. Those loans with a refreshed FICO score lower than 620 represented 46 percent of the Countrywide purchased impaired discontinued real estate portfolio at September 30, 2009. Refreshed LTVs and CLTVs greater than 90 percent represented 54 percent of the discontinued real estate portfolio after consideration of purchase accounting adjustments. Refreshed LTVs and CLTVs greater than 90 percent based on the unpaid principal balance represented 83 percent of the discontinued real estate portfolio at September 30, 2009.
California represented approximately 54 percent of the outstanding Countrywide purchased impaired discontinued real estate portfolio and Florida represented approximately 10 percent at September 30, 2009. Had the acquired portfolio not been accounted for as impaired upon acquisition, the discontinued real estate portfolio would have had additional net charge-offs of $970 million and $2.9 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. The table below presents outstandings net of purchase accounting adjustments and net charge-offs had the portfolio not been accounted for as impaired upon acquisition, by certain state concentrations.
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Table 24
Countrywide Purchased Impaired Loan Portfolio– Discontinued Real Estate State Concentrations
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Outstandings | | Purchased Impaired Portfolio Net Charge-offs (1,2) |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 |
California | | $ | 7,547 | | $ | 9,987 | | $ | 521 | | $ | 1,714 |
Florida | | | 1,330 | | | 1,831 | | | 146 | | | 410 |
Arizona | | | 465 | | | 666 | | | 47 | | | 140 |
Washington | | | 441 | | | 492 | | | 13 | | | 30 |
Virginia | | | 422 | | | 580 | | | 28 | | | 73 |
Other U.S. / Foreign | | | 3,685 | | | 4,541 | | | 215 | | | 545 |
Total Countrywide purchased impaired discontinued real estate loan portfolio | | $ | 13,890 | | $ | 18,097 | | $ | 970 | | $ | 2,912 |
(1) | Represents additional net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 had the portfolio not been accounted for as impaired upon acquisition. |
(2) | Those loans that were originally classified as discontinued real estate loans upon acquisition and have been subsequently modified are now excluded from amounts shown above. Charge-offs on these loans prior to modification are included in the amounts shown above consistent with the product classification of the loan at the time of charge-off. |
Pay option adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) have interest rates that adjust monthly and minimum required payments that adjust annually (subject to resetting of the loan if minimum payments are made and deferred interest limits are reached). Annual payment adjustments are subject to a 7.5 percent maximum change. To ensure that contractual loan payments are adequate to repay a loan, the fully amortizing loan payment amount is re-established after the initial five or 10-year period and again every five years thereafter. These payment adjustments are not subject to the 7.5 percent limit and may be substantial due to changes in interest rates and the addition of unpaid interest to the loan’s principal balance. Payment advantage ARMs have interest rates that are fixed for an initial period of five years. Payments are subject to reset if the minimum payments are made and deferred interest limits are reached. If interest deferrals cause the loan’s principal balance to reach a certain level within the first 10 years of the loan, the payment is reset to the interest-only payment; then at the 10-year point, the fully amortizing payment is required.
The difference between the frequency of changes in the loans’ interest rates and payments along with a limitation on changes in the minimum monthly payments to 7.5 percent per year can result in payments that are not sufficient to pay all of the monthly interest charges (i.e., negative amortization). Unpaid interest charges are added to the loan balance until the loan balance increases to a specified limit, which can be no more than 115 percent of the original loan amount, at which time a new monthly payment amount adequate to repay the loan over its remaining contractual life is established.
At September 30, 2009, the unpaid principal balance of pay option loans was $17.9 billion, with a carrying amount of $13.9 billion, including $13.1 billion of loans that were impaired at acquisition. The total unpaid principal balance of pay option loans with accumulated negative amortization was $16.2 billion and accumulated negative amortization from the original loan balance was $1.1 billion. The percentage of borrowers electing to make only the minimum payment on option arms was 50 percent during the three months ended September 30, 2009. We continue to evaluate our exposure to payment resets on the acquired negatively amortizing loans and have taken into consideration several assumptions regarding this evaluation (e.g., prepayment rates). We also continue to evaluate the potential for resets on the purchased impaired pay option portfolio. Based on our expectations, three percent, 26 percent and nine percent of the pay option loan portfolio is expected to reset in the fourth quarter of 2009, and during the full years of 2010 and 2011, respectively. Approximately eight percent is expected to be reset thereafter, and approximately 54 percent are expected to repay prior to being reset.
We manage these purchased impaired portfolios, including consideration for the home retention programs to modify troubled mortgages, consistent with our other consumer real estate practices. For more information, see Recent Events beginning on page 97.
Credit Card – Domestic
The consumer domestic credit card portfolio is managed inGlobal Card Services. Outstandings in the held domestic credit card loan portfolio decreased $14.9 billion to $49.2 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 due to lower transactional volume, the conversion of certain credit card loans into held-to-maturity debt securities, charge-offsandseasonal impacts partially offset by lower payment rates and maturing securitizations. For more information on this conversion seeNote 8 – Securitizationsto the Consolidated Financial Statements. Held domestic loans past due 30 days and 90 days or more and still accruing interest decreased $573 million and $109 million from December 31, 2008.
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Net charge-offs for the held domestic portfolio increased $693 million to $1.8 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2009, or 14.25 percent of total average held credit card – domestic loans compared to 6.86 percent for the same period in 2008. Net charge-offs for the held domestic portfolio increased $2.1 billion to $5.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009, or 12.51 percent of total average held credit card – domestic loans compared to 6.20 percent for the same period in 2008. These increases were reflective of the weak economy including rising unemployment, underemployment and higher bankruptcies.
Managed domestic credit card outstandings decreased $20.4 billion to $133.8 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 due to lower transactional volume, credit losses and seasonal impacts partially offset by lower payment rates. Managed consumer domestic credit card loans that were accruing past due 90 days or more increased to $5.4 billion, or 4.00 percent, compared to $5.0 billion, or 3.27 percent at December 31, 2008. Managed loans that were 30 days or more past due and still accruing interest decreased $363 million to $10.4 billion compared to $10.7 billion at December 31, 2008. Due to the decline in outstandings, the percentage of balances 30 days or more past due and still accruing interest increased to 7.74 percent from 6.96 percent at December 31, 2008. Managed net losses increased $2.2 billion to $4.8 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2009, or 13.92 percent of total average managed domestic loans compared to 6.87 percent for the same period in 2008. Managed net losses increased $5.6 billion to $12.8 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009, or 11.88 percent of total average managed domestic loans compared to 6.24 percent for the same period in 2008. The increases in managed net losses were driven by the same factors as described in the held discussion above.
Our managed credit card – domestic loan portfolio in the states of California and Florida represented in aggregate 24 percent of credit card – domestic outstandings at September 30, 2009. These states represented 34 percent of the credit card – domestic net losses for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. The table below presents asset quality indicators by certain state concentrations for the managed credit card – domestic portfolio.
Table 25
Credit Card – Domestic State Concentrations – Managed Basis
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Outstandings | | Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More | | Net Losses |
| | September 30 | | December 31 | | September 30 | | December 31 | | Three Months Ended September 30 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
California | | $ | 20,917 | | $ | 24,191 | | $ | 1,084 | | $ | 997 | | $ | 1,034 | | $ | 513 | | $ | 2,680 | | $ | 1,319 |
Florida | | | 11,261 | | | 13,210 | | | 657 | | | 642 | | | 610 | | | 324 | | | 1,649 | | | 840 |
Texas | | | 8,935 | | | 10,262 | | | 326 | | | 293 | | | 272 | | | 159 | | | 713 | | | 466 |
New York | | | 8,144 | | | 9,368 | | | 294 | | | 263 | | | 243 | | | 136 | | | 639 | | | 382 |
New Jersey | | | 5,348 | | | 6,113 | | | 191 | | | 172 | | | 159 | | | 84 | | | 420 | | | 222 |
Other U.S. | | | 79,161 | | | 91,007 | | | 2,805 | | | 2,666 | | | 2,498 | | | 1,427 | | | 6,666 | | | 3,896 |
Total credit card – domestic loans – managed basis | | $ | 133,766 | | $ | 154,151 | | $ | 5,357 | | $ | 5,033 | | $ | 4,816 | | $ | 2,643 | | $ | 12,767 | | $ | 7,125 |
Managed consumer credit card unused lines of credit for domestic credit card totaled $469.2 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to $713.0 billion at December 31, 2008. The $243.8 billion decrease was driven primarily by account management initiatives mainly on inactive accounts.
Credit Card – Foreign
The consumer foreign credit card portfolio is managed inGlobal Card Services. Outstandings in the held foreign credit card loan portfolio increased $3.8 billion to $21.0 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 primarily due to the strengthening of certain foreign currencies, particularly the British pound against the U.S. dollar. Net charge-offs for the held foreign portfolio increased $234 million to $382 million for the three months ended September 30, 2009, or 7.14 percent of total average held credit card – foreign loans compared to 3.46 percent for the same period in 2008. Net charge-offs for the held foreign portfolio increased $455 million to $844 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009, or 5.95 percent of total average held credit card – foreign loans compared to 3.19 percent for the same period in 2008. These increases were driven primarily by deterioration of the portfolio and a higher level of bankruptcies/insolvencies reflective of the weak economic conditions also being experienced in Europe and Canada.
Managed foreign credit card outstandings increased $2.7 billion to $30.8 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 primarily due to the strengthening of certain foreign currencies, particularly the British pound against the U.S. dollar. Managed consumer foreign loans that were accruing past due 90 days or more increased to $836 million, or 2.72 percent, compared to $717 million or 2.55 percent at December 31, 2008. These increases were primarily due to the
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strengthening of foreign currencies, especially the British pound, against the U.S. dollar, further exacerbated by continuing weakness in the European and Canadian economies. Net losses for the managed foreign portfolio increased $308 million to $661 million for the three months ended September 30, 2009, or 8.41 percent of total average managed credit card – foreign loans compared to 4.21 percent for the same period in 2008. Net losses for the managed foreign portfolio increased $557 million to $1.6 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009, or 7.05 percent of total average managed credit card – foreign loans compared to 4.06 percent for the same period in 2008. These increases in managed net losses were driven by the same factors as described in the held discussion above.
Managed consumer credit card unused lines of credit for foreign credit card totaled $69.8 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to $80.6 billion at December 31, 2008. The $10.8 billion decrease was driven primarily by account management initiatives mainly on inactive accounts.
Direct/Indirect Consumer
At September 30, 2009, approximately 42 percent of the direct/indirect portfolio was included inGlobal Banking (automotive, marine, motorcycle and recreational vehicle loans), 24 percent was included inGlobal Card Services (consumer personal loans and other non-real estate secured), 22 percent was included inGWIM(principally other non-real estate secured and unsecured personal loans and securities-based lending margin loans) and the remainder was included inDeposits (student loans).
Outstanding loans and leases increased $14.9 billion to $98.4 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 primarily due to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch which included both domestic and foreign securities-based lending margin loans, partially offset by lower outstandings in theGlobal Card Services consumer lending portfolio. Net charge-offs increased $606 million to $1.5 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2009, or 5.76 percent of total average direct/indirect loans compared to 3.94 percent for the same period in 2008. Net charge-offs increased $2.1 billion to $4.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2009, or 5.56 percent of total average direct/indirect loans compared to 3.35 percent for the same period in 2008. The increase was concentrated in theGlobal Card Services consumer lending portfolio, driven by portfolio deterioration and higher bankruptcies reflecting the effects of a weak economy. Net charge-off rates in the consumer lending portfolio have also been impacted by a significant slowdown in new loan production due in part to a tightening of underwriting criteria. Net charge-off rates in the consumer lending portfolio were 20.27 percent and 17.40 percent during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, compared to 8.43 percent and 7.13 percent during the same periods in 2008. Additionally, in the nine month comparison, the weak economy resulted in higher charge-offs in the dealer financial services portfolio. Loans that were past due 30 days or more and still accruing interest declined compared to December 31, 2008 driven by the consumer lending portfolio.
The table below presents asset quality indicators by certain state concentrations for the direct/indirect consumer loan portfolio.
Table 26
Direct/Indirect State Concentrations
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Outstandings | | Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More | | Net Charge-offs |
| | September 30 | | December 31 | | September 30 | | December 31 | | Three Months Ended September 30 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
California | | $ | 11,924 | | $ | 10,555 | | $ | 239 | | $ | 247 | | $ | 267 | | $ | 164 | | $ | 804 | | $ | 395 |
Texas | | | 8,834 | | | 7,738 | | | 102 | | | 88 | | | 101 | | | 60 | | | 279 | | | 157 |
Florida | | | 7,659 | | | 7,376 | | | 135 | | | 145 | | | 143 | | | 92 | | | 454 | | | 213 |
New York | | | 5,204 | | | 4,938 | | | 77 | | | 69 | | | 74 | | | 47 | | | 203 | | | 112 |
Georgia | | | 3,261 | | | 3,212 | | | 54 | | | 48 | | | 49 | | | 28 | | | 153 | | | 67 |
Other U.S./Foreign | | | 61,484 | | | 49,617 | | | 892 | | | 773 | | | 817 | | | 454 | | | 2,282 | | | 1,116 |
Total direct/indirect loans | | $ | 98,366 | | $ | 83,436 | | $ | 1,499 | | $ | 1,370 | | $ | 1,451 | | $ | 845 | | $ | 4,175 | | $ | 2,060 |
Other Consumer
At September 30, 2009, 72 percent of the other consumer portfolio was associated with portfolios from certain consumer finance businesses that we have previously exited and are included inAll Other. The remainder consisted of the foreign consumer loan portfolio which is mostly included inGlobal Card Services and deposit overdrafts which are recorded inDeposits.
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Nonperforming Consumer Assets Activity
Table 27 presents nonperforming consumer assets activity during the most recent five quarters. Total net additions to nonperforming loans and leases in the third quarter of 2009 were $1.9 billion compared to $3.2 billion and $4.7 billion in the second and first quarters of 2009. The net additions to nonperforming loans and leases in the three months ended September 30, 2009 were driven primarily by the residential mortgage and home equity portfolios reflective of the weak housing markets and economy, seasoning of vintages originated in periods of higher growth and performing loans that were accelerated into nonperforming loan status upon modification into a TDR. The lower level of net additions was driven by reductions to new nonaccrual loans and leases as well as higher transfers to foreclosed properties and net charge-offs. The reduction to new nonaccrual loans and leases was due to loans that entered a trial period during the third quarter. This trial period applies to loans whose payment terms were revised, but for which actual modification does not take place until three payments have been made in accordance with the revised terms and documentation requirements have been completed. Additionally, the flow through of improved early stage delinquencies in the second quarter of 2009 contributed to the reduction. Nonperforming consumer real estate related TDRs as a percentage of total nonperforming consumer assets were 22 percent at September 30, 2009 compared to five percent at December 31, 2008 due primarily to increased volume over the nine months related to our participation in the MHA program.
The outstanding balance of a real estate secured loan that is in excess of the property value, less costs to sell, is charged off no later than the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due. The property value is refreshed quarterly with additional charge-offs taken as needed. At September 30, 2009, $9.4 billion or approximately 57 percent of the nonperforming residential mortgage assets and $656 million, or approximately 17 percent of the nonperforming home equity assets were greater than 180 days past due and had been written down to their fair values.
For the three months ended September 30, 2009, approximately 25 percent of the net increase in nonperforming loans was added from the Countrywide purchased loan portfolio and approximately five percent resulted from the Merrill Lynch acquisition. While we witnessed increased levels of nonperforming loans transferred to foreclosed properties due to the lifting of various foreclosure moratoriums during the third quarter of 2009, the net reductions to foreclosed properties of $32 million was driven by sales of foreclosed properties and charge-offs. Nonperforming loans do not include acquired loans from Countrywide that were considered impaired and written down to fair value at the acquisition date as these loans accrete interest.
Restructured Loans
As discussed above, nonperforming loans also include certain loans that have been modified in TDRs where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to experience financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Corporation’s loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and are not returned to performing status until six consecutive, on-time payments under the modified terms have been made by the customer. Nonperforming TDRs are included in Table 27.
The pace of modifications slowed during the third quarter of 2009 due to the MHA program and other programs where the loan goes through a trial period prior to formal modification. For more information on our modification programs see Regulatory Initiatives and Recent Events beginning on page 95. For more information regarding nonperforming loans and leases, see theNonperforming Loans and Leases, Charge-offs and Delinquencies section inNote – 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
At September 30, 2009, residential mortgage TDRs were $4.5 billion, an increase of $4.0 billion compared to December 31, 2008. Nonperforming TDRs increased $841 million and $2.7 billion during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 to $2.9 billion. For the three months ended September 30, 2009, approximately 60 percent of the new residential mortgage nonperforming TDRs resulted from the acceleration of performing loans into nonperforming status upon reclassification. Nonperforming residential mortgage TDRs comprised approximately 18 percent and three percent of total residential mortgage nonperforming assets at
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September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Residential mortgage TDRs that were performing in accordance with their modified terms and not included in nonperforming loans in Table 27 were $1.6 billion, with increases of $563 million compared to June 30, 2009 and $1.3 billion compared to December 31, 2008.
At September 30, 2009, home equity TDRs were $2.1 billion, an increase of $1.8 billion compared to December 31, 2008. Nonperforming TDRs increased $218 million and $1.3 billion during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 to $1.6 billion. For the three months ended September 30, 2009, approximately 90 percent of the new home equity nonperforming TDRs resulted from the acceleration of performing loans into nonperforming status upon reclassification. Nonperforming home equity TDRs comprised 43 percent and 11 percent of total home equity nonperforming assets at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Home equity TDRs that were performing in accordance with their modified terms and not included in nonperforming loans in Table 27 were $433 million, increases of $126 million and $432 million from June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
Discontinued real estate TDR’s totaled $66 million at September 30, 2009. This was a decrease of $45 million and $5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. Of these loans, $34 million were nonperforming while the remaining $32 million were classified as performing at September 30, 2009.
We also work with customers that are experiencing financial difficulty by renegotiating consumer credit card and consumer lending loans, while ensuring that we remain within FFIEC guidelines. These renegotiated loans are excluded from the Table 27 as we do not classify consumer non-real estate unsecured loans as nonperforming. For further information regarding these restructured and renegotiated loans, seeNote 6 – Outstanding Loans and Leases andNote 8 –Securitizationsto the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Certain modifications of loans in the purchased impaired loan portfolio result in removal of the loan from the purchased impaired portfolio pool and subsequent classification as a TDR. These modified loans are excluded from Table 27. For more information on TDRs, renegotiated and modified loans, refer toNote 6 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 27 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Nonperforming Consumer Assets Activity(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Third Quarter 2009 | | | Second Quarter 2009 | | | First Quarter 2009 | | | Fourth Quarter 2008 | | | Third Quarter 2008 |
Nonperforming loans and leases | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 17,772 | | | $ | 14,592 | | | $ | 9,888 | | | $ | 6,822 | | | $ | 5,220 |
Additions to nonperforming loans and leases: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
New nonaccrual loans and leases(2) | | | 6,696 | | | | 7,076 | | | | 7,718 | | | | 5,283 | | | | 3,435 |
Reductions in nonperforming loans and leases: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Paydowns and payoffs | | | (410) | | | | (382) | | | | (296) | | | | (146) | | | | (110) |
Returns to performing status(3) | | | (966) | | | | (804) | | | | (601) | | | | (501) | | | | (371) |
Charge-offs(4) | | | (2,829) | | | | (2,478) | | | | (1,692) | | | | (1,233) | | | | (1,117) |
Transfers to foreclosed properties | | | (609) | | | | (231) | | | | (425) | | | | (337) | | | | (235) |
Transfers to loans held-for-sale | | | - | | | | (1) | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - |
Total net additions to nonperforming loans and leases | | | 1,882 | | | | 3,180 | | | | 4,704 | | | | 3,066 | | | | 1,602 |
Total nonperforming loans and leases, end of period(5) | | | 19,654 | | | | 17,772 | | | | 14,592 | | | | 9,888 | | | | 6,822 |
Foreclosed properties | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, beginning of period | | | 1,330 | | | | 1,356 | | | | 1,506 | | | | 1,656 | | | | 475 |
Additions to foreclosed properties: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
New foreclosed properties(6, 7) | | | 488 | | | | 434 | | | | 353 | | | | 583 | | | | 1,601 |
Reductions in foreclosed properties: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales | | | (428) | | | | (382) | | | | (382) | | | | (623) | | | | (349) |
Writedowns | | | (92) | | | | (78) | | | | (121) | | | | (110) | | | | (71) |
Total net additions (reductions) to foreclosed properties | | | (32) | | | | (26) | | | | (150) | | | | (150) | | | | 1,181 |
Total foreclosed properties, end of period | | | 1,298 | | | | 1,330 | | | | 1,356 | | | | 1,506 | | | | 1,656 |
Nonperforming consumer assets, end of period | | $ | 20,952 | | | $ | 19,102 | | | $ | 15,948 | | | $ | 11,394 | | | $ | 8,478 |
Nonperforming consumer loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases | | | 3.40 | % | | | 3.01 | % | | | 2.40 | % | | | 1.68 | % | | | 1.14% |
Nonperforming consumer assets as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties | | | 3.62 | | | | 3.23 | | | | 2.61 | | | | 1.93 | | | | 1.41 |
| (1) | Balances do not include nonperforming LHFS of $3.3 billion, $3.4 billion, $3.7 billion, $3.2 billion and $3.4 billion at September 30, 2009, June 30, 2009, March 31, 2009, December 31, 2008 and September 30, 2008, respectively. |
| (2) | The first quarter of 2009 includes $465 million of nonperforming loans and leases acquired from Merrill Lynch. |
| (3) | Consumer loans and leases may be restored to performing status when all principal and interest is current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected, or when the loan otherwise becomes well-secured and is in the process of collection. TDRs are generally classified as performing after six consecutive, on-time payments. |
| (4) | Our policy generally is to not classify consumer credit card and consumer non-real estate loans and leases as nonperforming; therefore, the charge-offs on these loans have no impact on nonperforming activity. |
| (5) | Approximately 50 percent of the nonperforming loans and leases at September 30, 2009 are greater than 180 days past due and have been written down through charge-offs to approximately 70 percent of unpaid principal balance. |
| (6) | Our policy is to record any losses in the value of foreclosed properties as a reduction in the allowance for loan and lease losses during the first 90 days after transfer of a loan into foreclosed properties. Thereafter, all losses in value are recorded as noninterest expense. New foreclosed properties in the table above are net of $270 million, $166 million, $221 million, $156 million and $128 million of charge-offs during the third, second and first quarters of 2009 and fourth and third quarters of 2008, respectively, taken during the first 90 days after transfer. |
| (7) | The first quarter of 2009 includes $21 million of foreclosed properties acquired from Merrill Lynch. The third quarter of 2008 includes $952 million of foreclosed properties acquired from Countrywide. |
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|
Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management |
For information on our commercial credit risk management practices as well as our accounting policies regarding delinquencies, nonperforming status and charge-offs for the commercial portfolio, refer to the Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management section beginning on page 53 in the MD&A filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009 as well asNote 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
As part of our ongoing risk mitigation initiatives, we attempt to work with clients to modify their loans to terms that better align with their current ability to pay. In situations where an economic concession has been granted, we identify these loans as TDRs.
We account for certain large corporate loans and loan commitments (including issued but unfunded letters of credit which are considered utilized for credit risk management purposes), which exceed our single name credit risk concentration guidelines at fair value under the fair value option. Lending commitments, both funded and unfunded, are actively managed and monitored, and, as appropriate, credit risk for these lending relationships may be mitigated through the use of credit derivatives, with the Corporation’s credit view and market perspectives determining the size and timing of the hedging activity. In addition, credit protection is purchased to cover the funded portion as well as the unfunded portion of certain other credit exposures. To lessen the cost of obtaining our desired credit protection levels credit exposure may be added within an industry, borrower or counterparty group by selling protection. These credit derivatives do not meet the requirements for derivatives designated as hedging instruments and are therefore carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in other income. For additional information on our fair value portfolio and our hedging activities, seeNote 16 – Fair Value Disclosures to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Industry Concentrations discussion respectively.
|
Commercial Credit Portfolio |
During the first nine months of 2009, continued housing value declines and economic stress impacted our commercial portfolios where we experienced higher levels of losses. Broad-based economic pressures, including reductions in spending by consumers and businesses, have also impacted other commercial credit quality indicators. Loan balances continued to decline in 2009 as businesses aggressively managed their working capital and production capacity by maintaining low inventories, deferring capital spending and rationalizing staff and physical locations. Additionally, borrowers increasingly accessed the capital markets for financing. Lastly, risk mitigation strategies further contributed to the decline in loan balances.
The nonperforming loan and commercial utilized reservable criticized exposure ratios were 3.72 percent and 14.78 percent at September 30, 2009 compared to 1.93 percent and 8.90 percent at December 31, 2008. Nonperforming loan increases were largely driven by continued deterioration in the commercial real estate and commercial – domestic portfolios. Although nonperforming loans and utilized reservable criticized exposures continued to increase, the pace of increase in the second and third quarters of 2009 slowed.
The loans and leases net charge-off ratio increased to 3.09 percent and 2.37 percent for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 from 1.13 percent and 0.89 percent for the same periods in 2008. Excluding small business commercial – domestic the total net charge-off ratio was 2.28 percent and 1.62 percent for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to 0.54 percent and 0.36 percent for the same periods in 2008. These increases were reported across all commercial portfolios. The increases in commercial – domestic and commercial – foreign net charge-offs were diverse in terms of borrowers and industries. The increase in commercial real estate net charge-offs during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same period in the prior year was driven by both the non-homebuilder and homebuilder portfolios while the increase in the third quarter of 2009 compared to the same period in the prior year was driven by the non-homebuilder portfolio. Homebuilder portfolio net charge-offs declined in the third quarter of 2009 compared to the second quarter of 2009.
The acquisition of Merrill Lynch increased our concentrations to certain industries and countries. For more detail on the Merrill Lynch impact see the Industry Concentrations discussion beginning on page 185 and the Foreign Portfolio discussion beginning on page 189. There are also increased concentrations within both investment and non-investment grade loans including monolines, certain leveraged finance and CMBS exposures.
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Table 28 presents our commercial loans and leases, and related credit quality information at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Loans that were acquired from Merrill Lynch that were considered impaired were written down to fair value at acquisition. In addition to being included in the “Outstandings” column below, these loans are also shown separately, net of purchase accounting adjustments, for increased transparency in the “Merrill Lynch Purchased Impaired Loans Portfolio” column. Further, the portion of the Merrill Lynch portfolio that was not impaired at acquisition was also recorded at fair value in accordance with fair value accounting. This adjustment to fair value incorporates the interest rate, creditworthiness of the borrower, and market liquidity compared to the contractual terms of the non-impaired loans at the date of acquisition. For more information, seeNote 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity andNote 6 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The acquisition of Countrywide and related purchased impaired loan portfolio did not impact the commercial portfolios.
Table 28
Commercial Loans and Leases
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Outstandings | | Nonperforming (1, 2) | | Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More(2, 3) | | Merrill Lynch Purchased Impaired Loan Portfolio (4) |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | September 30 2009 |
Commercial loans and leases | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial – domestic(5) | | $ | 189,669 | | $ | 200,088 | | $ | 4,719 | | $ | 2,040 | | $ | 201 | | $ | 381 | | $ | 286 |
Commercial real estate(6) | | | 72,662 | | | 64,701 | | | 6,943 | | | 3,906 | | | 196 | | | 52 | | | 481 |
Commercial lease financing | | | 21,910 | | | 22,400 | | | 170 | | | 56 | | | 25 | | | 23 | | | - |
Commercial – foreign | | | 27,634 | | | 31,020 | | | 261 | | | 290 | | | 53 | | | 7 | | | 486 |
| | | 311,875 | | | 318,209 | | | 12,093 | | | 6,292 | | | 475 | | | 463 | | | 1,253 |
| | | | | | | |
Small business commercial – domestic(7) | | | 17,938 | | | 19,145 | | | 167 | | | 205 | | | 700 | | | 640 | | | - |
Total commercial loans excluding loans measured at fair value | | | 329,813 | | | 337,354 | | | 12,260 | | | 6,497 | | | 1,175 | | | 1,103 | | | 1,253 |
Total measured at fair value(8) | | | 6,197 | | | 5,413 | | | 24 | | | - | | | 111 | | | - | | | - |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total commercial loans and leases | | $ | 336,010 | | $ | 342,767 | | $ | 12,284 | | $ | 6,497 | | $ | 1,286 | | $ | 1,103 | | $ | 1,253 |
| (1) | Nonperforming commercial loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans and leases excluding loans measured at fair value were 3.72 percent (3.73 percent excluding the purchased impaired loan portfolio) and 1.93 percent at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
| (2) | Balances do not include loans accounted for as purchased impaired loans even though the customer may be contractually past due. Loans accounted for as purchased impaired loans were written down to fair value upon acquisition and accrete interest income over the remaining life of the loan. |
| (3) | Accruing commercial loans and leases past due 90 days or more as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans and leases excluding loans measured at fair value were 0.36 percent and 0.33 percent at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. The September 30, 2009 ratio remained unchanged excluding the purchased impaired loan portfolio. |
| (4) | Represents acquired loans from Merrill Lynch that were considered impaired and written down to fair value at the acquisition date. These amounts are included in the Outstandings column in this table. The Countrywide acquisition had no impact on the commercial purchased impaired loan portfolio. |
| (5) | Excludes small business commercial – domestic loans. |
| (6) | Includes domestic commercial real estate loans of $69.1 billion and $63.7 billion, and foreign commercial real estate loans of $3.5 billion and $979 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
| (7) | Small business commercial – domestic is primarily card related. |
| (8) | Certain commercial loans are measured under the fair value option and include commercial – domestic loans of $4.0 billion and $3.5 billion, commercial – foreign loans of $2.1 billion and $1.7 billion and commercial real estate loans of $98 million and $203 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. SeeNote 16 – Fair Value Disclosuresfor additional discussion of fair value for certain financial instruments. |
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Table 29 presents net charge-offs and related ratios for our commercial loans and leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. The reported net charge-off ratios for commercial – domestic, commercial real estate and commercial – foreign were impacted by the addition of the Merrill Lynch purchased impaired loan portfolio as the initial fair value adjustments recorded on those loans at acquisition would have already included the estimated credit losses.
Table 29
Commercial Net Charge-offs and Related Ratios
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Net Charge-offs | | Net Charge-off Ratios(1, 2, 3) | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Commercial loans and leases | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial – domestic(4) | | $ | 773 | | $ | 117 | | $ | 1,553 | | $ | 264 | | 1.58 | % | | 0.23 | % | | 1.01 | % | | 0.18 | % |
Commercial real estate | | | 873 | | | 262 | | | 1,957 | | | 505 | | 4.67 | | | 1.65 | | | 3.54 | | | 1.08 | |
Commercial lease financing | | | 41 | | | 8 | | | 152 | | | 29 | | 0.72 | | | 0.13 | | | 0.92 | | | 0.17 | |
Commercial – foreign | | | 149 | | | 46 | | | 375 | | | 44 | | 2.05 | | | 0.56 | | | 1.59 | | | 0.18 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 1,836 | | | 433 | | | 4,037 | | | 842 | | 2.28 | | | 0.54 | | | 1.62 | | | 0.36 | |
Small business commercial – domestic | | | 796 | | | 527 | | | 2,202 | | | 1,368 | | 17.45 | | | 10.64 | | | 15.85 | | | 9.23 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total commercial | | $ | 2,632 | | $ | 960 | | $ | 6,239 | | $ | 2,210 | | 3.09 | | | 1.13 | | | 2.37 | | | 0.89 | |
| (1) | Net charge-off ratios are calculated as annualized net charge-offs divided by average outstanding loans and leases excluding loans measured at fair value under the fair value option during the period for each loan and lease category. |
| (2) | Net charge-off ratios excluding the Merrill Lynch purchased impaired loan portfolio were 1.52 percent and 0.99 percent for commercial – domestic, 4.35 percent and 3.45 percent for commercial real estate, 1.73 percent and 1.51 percent for commercial – foreign, and 2.96 percent and 2.33 percent for the total commercial portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, respectively. These are the only product classifications impacted by the Merrill Lynch purchased impaired loan portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. |
| (3) | Net charge-offs related to the Merrill Lynch purchased impaired portfolio during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 were $31 million for commercial – domestic, $67 million for commercial real estate and $25 million for commercial – foreign as actual credit losses exceeded the initial purchase accounting estimate. |
| (4) | Excludes small business commercial – domestic. |
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Table 30 presents commercial credit exposure by type for utilized, unfunded and total binding committed credit exposure. Total commercial committed credit exposure increased by $25.0 billion, or three percent, at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008. The increase was largely driven by the addition of $131.6 billion in Merrill Lynch positions to the portfolio partially offset by a reduction in the legacy Bank of America portfolio of $106.6 billion due to a decrease in unfunded commitments, lower derivative valuations and a decline in loan balances driven by decreased demand.
Total commercial utilized credit exposure increased by $26.1 billion, or five percent, at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008. The most significant increase was in derivative assets which at September 30, 2009 were up $32.6 billion from December 31, 2008. The acquisition of Merrill Lynch was the main driver contributing $58.7 billion to the increase in derivative assets. These increases were partially offset by decreases in legacy Bank of America funded loans and leases of $41.2 billion and derivative assets of $26.1 billion. Funded loans and leases were down due to limited demand for acquisition financing and capital expenditures in the large corporate and middle market portfolios and as clients utilized the improved capital markets more extensively for their funding needs. With the economic outlook uncertain and credit costs high, businesses are aggressively managing working capital and production capacity, maintaining low inventories and deferring capital spending. The decline in legacy Bank of America derivative assets was driven primarily by mark-to-market adjustments impacted by rising medium and long term interest rates during the period.
The loan and lease utilization rate was 53 percent at both September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
Table 30
Commercial Credit Exposure by Type
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Commercial Utilized (1, 2, 3) | | | | Commercial Unfunded (2, 4, 5) | | | | Total Commercial Committed (2) |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 |
Loans and leases | | $ | 336,010 | | $ | 342,767 | | | | $ | 298,180 | | $ | 300,856 | | | | $ | 634,190 | | $ | 643,623 |
Derivative assets(6) | | | 94,855 | | | 62,252 | | | | | - | | | - | | | | | 94,855 | | | 62,252 |
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees | | | 71,964 | | | 72,840 | | | | | 5,639 | | | 4,740 | | | | | 77,603 | | | 77,580 |
Assets held-for-sale(7) | | | 14,758 | | | 14,206 | | | | | 1,078 | | | 183 | | | | | 15,836 | | | 14,389 |
Bankers’ acceptances | | | 3,738 | | | 3,389 | | | | | 14 | | | 13 | | | | | 3,752 | | | 3,402 |
Commercial letters of credit | | | 2,890 | | | 2,974 | | | | | 616 | | | 791 | | | | | 3,506 | | | 3,765 |
Foreclosed properties | | | 613 | | | 321 | | | | | - | | | - | | | | | 613 | | | 321 |
Total commercial credit exposure | | $ | 524,828 | | $ | 498,749 | | | | $ | 305,527 | | $ | 306,583 | | | | $ | 830,355 | | $ | 805,332 |
| (1) | Exposure includes standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, bankers’ acceptances and commercial letters of credit and for which the bank is legally bound to advance funds under prescribed conditions, during a specified period. Although funds have not been advanced, these exposure types are considered utilized for credit risk management purposes. |
| (2) | At September 30, 2009, total commercial utilized, total commercial unfunded and total commercial committed exposure include $100.3 billion, $31.3 billion and $131.6 billion respectively, related to Merrill Lynch. |
| (3) | Total commercial utilized exposure at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 includes loans and issued letters of credit measured at fair value under the fair value option and is comprised of loans outstanding of $6.2 billion and $5.4 billion and letters of credit at notional value of $1.9 billion and $1.4 billion. |
| (4) | Total commercial unfunded exposure at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 includes loan commitments measured at fair value under the fair value option with a notional value of $26.7 billion and $15.5 billion. |
| (5) | Excludes unused business card lines which are not legally binding. |
| (6) | Derivative assets are reported at fair value, reflect the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements, and have been reduced by cash collateral of $71.9 billion and $34.8 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Not reflected in utilized and committed exposure is additional derivative collateral held of $14.7 billion and $13.4 billion which consists primarily of other marketable securities at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
| (7) | Total commercial committed assets held-for-sale exposure consists of $10.5 billion and $12.1 billion of commercial LHFS exposure (e.g., commercial mortgage and leveraged finance) and $5.3 billion and $2.3 billion of investments held-for-sale exposure at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
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Table 31 presents commercial utilized reservable criticized exposure by product type. Total commercial utilized reservable criticized exposure increased $23.1 billion from December 31, 2008 primarily due to increases in commercial – domestic reflecting deterioration across various lines of business and industries, and also commercial real estate primarily driven by the non-homebuilder portfolio which has been impacted by the weak economy, partially offset by a decrease in homebuilder. Merrill Lynch contributed approximately $4.6 billion in commercial utilized reservable criticized exposure at September 30, 2009. At September 30, 2009, approximately 85 percent of the loans within criticized reservable utilized exposure are secured, of which approximately 10 percent are included in our well-secured asset based lending portfolio.
Table 31
Commercial Utilized Reservable Criticized Exposure(1)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 | | | | December 31, 2008 | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Amount | | Percent (2) | | | | Amount | | Percent (2) | | |
Commercial – domestic(3) | | $ | 30,415 | | 12.07 | | % | | $ | 18,963 | | 7.20 | | % |
Commercial real estate | | | 22,910 | | 29.49 | | | | | 13,830 | | 19.73 | | |
Commercial lease financing | | | 1,937 | | 8.84 | | | | | 1,352 | | 6.03 | | |
Commercial – foreign | | | 3,146 | | 8.55 | | | | | 1,459 | | 3.65 | | |
| | | 58,408 | | 15.04 | | | | | 35,604 | | 8.99 | | |
Small business commercial – domestic | | | 1,651 | | 9.18 | | | | | 1,333 | | 6.94 | | |
Total commercial utilized reservable criticized exposure(4) | | $ | 60,059 | | 14.78 | | | | $ | 36,937 | | 8.90 | | |
| (1) | Criticized exposure corresponds to the Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful asset categories defined by regulatory authorities. |
| (2) | Percentages are calculated as commercial utilized reservable criticized exposure divided by total commercial utilized reservable exposure for each exposure category. |
| (3) | Excludes small business commercial – domestic exposure. |
| (4) | In addition to reservable loans and leases, exposure includes standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, bankers’ acceptances and commercial letters of credit for which the bank is legally bound to advance funds under prescribed conditions, during a specified period. Although funds have not been advanced, these exposure types are considered utilized for credit risk management purposes. |
Commercial – Domestic
At September 30, 2009, approximately 81 percent of the commercial – domestic loan portfolio, excluding small business, was included in Global Banking (business banking, middle-market and large multinational corporate loans and leases) andGlobal Markets (acquisition, bridge financing and institutional investor services). The remaining 19 percent was mostly inGWIM (business-purpose loans for wealthy individuals). Outstanding commercial – domestic loans excluding loans measured under the fair value option, decreased $10.4 billion to $189.7 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 driven primarily by reduced customer demand withinGlobal Banking offset by the addition of loans as part of the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. Nonperforming commercial – domestic loansincreased by $2.7 billion to $4.7 billion which was broad-based in terms of borrowers and industries. A single large name inGWIMrepresented 15 percent of commercial – domestic net charge-offs in the third quarter of 2009. Net charge-offs were up $656 million and $1.3 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods during 2008. These increases were broad-based in terms of borrowers and industries. Utilized reservable criticized commercial – domestic exposure increased $11.5 billion to $30.4 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 primarily driven by deterioration across various portfolios mainly withinGlobal Banking. Merrill Lynch contributed $413 million and $3.0 billion in nonperforming assets and utilized reservable criticized exposure at September 30, 2009 due to further deterioration.
Commercial Real Estate
The commercial real estate portfolio is predominantly managed in Global Banking and consists of loans issued primarily to public and private developers, homebuilders and commercial real estate firms. Outstanding loans and leases excluding loans measured at fair value under the fair value option, increased $8.0 billion to $72.7 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 primarily due to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. The addition of Merrill Lynch drove increases in California, Non-U.S., the Northeast and Southwest regions and was the primary driver of the increases in the multi-use, multi-family rental, hotel/motel and office property types. The portfolio remains diversified across property types and geographic regions. California and Florida represent the two largest state concentrations at 19 percent and seven percent respectively, at September 30, 2009. For more information on industry concentrations, please refer to Industry Concentrationson page 185.
Nonperforming commercial real estate loans increased $3.0 billion to $6.9 billion and utilized reservable criticized exposure increased $9.1 billion to $22.9 billion from December 31, 2008 across most property types attributable to the
179
continuing impact of the housing slowdown, rising unemployment and deteriorating vacancy and rental rates across various non-homebuilder property types at September 30, 2009. The increase in nonperforming loans was driven by the retail, office, homebuilder, and land and land development portfolios. The increase in utilized reservable criticized exposure was driven by the office, retail and multi-family rental property types, while the homebuilder portfolio experienced a decrease of $894 million. Merrill Lynch contributed $357 million and $772 million in nonperforming assets and utilized reservable criticized exposure at September 30, 2009. For the three months ended September 30, 2009 net charge-offs were up $611 million compared to the same period in the prior year, principally related to an increase in the non-homebuilder portfolio while the homebuilder portfolio increased $154 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2009 net charge-offs were up $1.5 billion compared to the same period in 2008. This was driven by the increase in net charge-offs in the non-homebuilder portfolio of $851 million and the homebuilder portfolio of $601 million.
At September 30, 2009, we had total committed non-homebuilder exposure of $88.0 billion compared to $84.1 billion at December 31, 2008. The Merrill Lynch acquisition represented $11.4 billion of the increase partially offset by a $7.5 billion decrease in the legacy Bank of America portfolio. The portfolio is increasingly impacted by the current economic environment, most notably in the office, retail, multi-family rental and industrial/warehouse property types. Credit quality indicators, appraised values and loss severities in our portfolios weakened due to deteriorating property fundamentals. Nonperforming assets and utilized reservable criticized exposure in this portfolio were $4.1 billion and $16.2 billion compared to $1.2 billion and $6.3 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Deterioration in nonperforming loans was most prevalent in the office, land and land development and retail property types. In the office, retail and multi-family rental properties, the utilized reservable criticized ratio showed the greatest amount of deterioration compared to December 31, 2008. The nonperforming assets and utilized reservable criticized ratios for the non-homebuilder portfolio were 6.32 percent and 23.63 percent at September 30, 2009 compared to 2.21 percent and 10.66 percent at December 31, 2008. Net charge-offs for the non-homebuilder portfolio increased $457 million to 3.02 percent and $851 million to 1.87 percent for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008. These increases were driven by the land and land development, multi-family rental and office property types.
At September 30, 2009, we had committed non-homebuilder construction and land development exposure, which is a subset of total non-homebuilder exposure, of $26.1 billion compared to $27.8 billion at December 31, 2008, which is mostly secured and is diversified across property types and geographies. The decline in exposure was driven primarily by commercial land and land development, office, retail and industrial/warehouse portfolios, partially offset by an increase in the multi-family rental portfolio. Nonperforming assets and utilized reservable criticized exposure for the non-homebuilder construction and land development portfolio increased $1.5 billion and $5.5 billion from December 31, 2008 to $2.1 billion and $8.2 billion at September 30, 2009. The increases were across most property types, but primarily retail, office and multi-family rental properties.
At September 30, 2009 we had homebuilder-related exposure of $12.1 billion compared to $16.2 billion at December 31, 2008 of which $8.5 billion and $11.0 billion were funded loans that are secured. Nonperforming assets and utilized reservable criticized exposure in the homebuilder portfolio were $3.5 billion and $6.7 billion, at September 30, 2009 compared to $3.0 billion and $7.6 billion at December 31, 2008. The nonperforming assets and the utilized reservable criticized ratio for the homebuilder portfolio was 39.58 percent and 74.34 percent at September 30, 2009 compared to 27.07 percent and 66.33 percent at December 31, 2008. Net charge-offs for the homebuilder portfolio were up $154 million to 16.83 percent and $601 million to 14.44 percent for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008.
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The following table presents outstanding commercial real estate loans by geographic region and property type.
Table 32
Outstanding Commercial Real Estate Loans(1)
| | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 |
By Geographic Region(2) | | | | | | |
California | | $ | 14,104 | | $ | 11,270 |
Northeast | | | 12,097 | | | 9,747 |
Southwest | | | 8,483 | | | 6,698 |
Southeast | | | 7,141 | | | 7,365 |
Midwest | | | 6,885 | | | 7,447 |
Florida | | | 4,814 | | | 5,146 |
Illinois | | | 4,595 | | | 5,451 |
Midsouth | | | 3,453 | | | 3,475 |
Northwest | | | 3,142 | | | 3,022 |
Geographically diversified(3) | | | 3,608 | | | 2,563 |
Non-U.S. | | | 3,545 | | | 979 |
Other(4) | | | 893 | | | 1,741 |
Total outstanding commercial real estate loans(5) | | $ | 72,760 | | $ | 64,904 |
By Property Type | | | | | | |
Office | | $ | 12,545 | | $ | 10,388 |
Multi-family rental | | | 11,168 | | | 8,177 |
Shopping centers/retail | | | 9,890 | | | 9,293 |
Homebuilder(6) | | | 8,467 | | | 10,987 |
Hotels/motels | | | 6,967 | | | 2,513 |
Industrial/warehouse | | | 6,180 | | | 6,070 |
Multi-use | | | 6,042 | | | 3,444 |
Land and land development | | | 3,528 | | | 3,856 |
Other(7) | | | 7,973 | | | 10,176 |
Total outstanding commercial real estate loans(5) | | $ | 72,760 | | $ | 64,904 |
| (1) | Primarily includes commercial loans and leases secured by non owner-occupied real estate which are dependent on the sale or lease of the real estate as the primary source of repayment. |
| (2) | Distribution is based on geographic location of collateral. Geographic regions are in the U.S. unless otherwise noted. |
| (3) | The geographically diversified category is comprised primarily of unsecured outstandings to real estate investment trusts and national home builders whose portfolios of properties span multiple geographic regions. |
| (4) | Primarily includes properties in the states of Colorado, Utah, Hawaii, Wyoming and Montana which are not defined by other property regions presented. |
| (5) | Includes commercial real estate loans measured at fair value under the fair value option of $98 million and $203 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
| (6) | Homebuilder includes condominiums and residential land. |
| (7) | Represents loans to borrowers whose primary business is commercial real estate, but the exposure is not secured by the listed property types or is unsecured. |
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The following table presents commercial real estate credit quality data by non-homebuilder and homebuilder property types.
Table 33
Commercial Real Estate Credit Quality Data(1)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nonperforming Assets(2) | | | | Utilized Reservable Criticized Exposure (3) | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | | September 30, 2009 | | | December 31, 2008 | | | | | September 30, 2009 | | | December 31, 2008 | | |
Commercial real estate – non-homebuilder | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Office | | $ | 735 | | $ | 95 | | | | $ | 3,008 | | $ | 801 | | |
Multi-family rental | | | 429 | | | 232 | | | | | 2,134 | | | 822 | | |
Shopping centers/retail | | | 843 | | | 204 | | | | | 3,379 | | | 1,442 | | |
Hotels/motels | | | 190 | | | 9 | | | | | 796 | | | 67 | | |
Industrial/warehouse | | | 386 | | | 91 | | | | | 1,533 | | | 464 | | |
Multi-use | | | 302 | | | 17 | | | | | 1,373 | | | 409 | | |
Land and land development | | | 829 | | | 455 | | | | | 1,764 | | | 1,281 | | |
Other(4) | | | 365 | | | 88 | | | | | 2,246 | | | 973 | | |
Total non-homebuilder | | | 4,079 | | | 1,191 | | | | | 16,233 | | | 6,259 | | |
Commercial real estate – homebuilder(5) | | | 3,477 | | | 3,036 | | | | | 6,677 | | | 7,571 | | |
Total commercial real estate | | $ | 7,556 | | $ | 4,227 | | | | $ | 22,910 | | $ | 13,830 | | |
| (1) | Primarily includes commercial loans and leases secured by non owner-occupied real estate which are dependent on the sale or lease of the real estate as the primary source of repayment. |
| (2) | Includes commercial foreclosed properties of $613 million and $321 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
| (3) | Reservable criticized exposure corresponds to the Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful asset categories defined by regulatory authorities. This is defined as loans and leases, excluding those accounted for under the fair value option, standby letters of credit and bankers’ acceptances. |
| (4) | Represents loans to borrowers whose primary business is commercial real estate, but the exposure is not secured by the listed property types or is unsecured. |
| (5) | Homebuilder includes condominiums and residential land. |
The following table presents commercial real estate net charge-off and related ratio information by non-homebuilder and homebuilder property types.
Table 34
Commercial Real Estate Net Charge-offs and Related Ratios(1)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Net Charge-offs | | Net Charge-off Ratios(2) | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | | | 2009 | | | | 2008 | | |
Commercial real estate – non-homebuilder | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Office | | $ | 65 | | $ | - | | $ | 149 | | $ | - | | 2.02 | | % | | - | | % | | 1.61 | | % | | - | | % |
Multi-family rental | | | 135 | | | 12 | | | 176 | | | 12 | | 4.76 | | | | 0.59 | | | | 2.13 | | | | 0.21 | | |
Shopping centers/retail | | | 45 | | | 7 | | | 96 | | | 7 | | 1.69 | | | | 0.28 | | | | 1.22 | | | | 0.10 | | |
Hotels/motels | | | - | | | 3 | | | 3 | | | 3 | | - | | | | 0.33 | | | | 0.05 | | | | 0.12 | | |
Industrial/warehouse | | | 44 | | | - | | | 56 | | | - | | 2.77 | | | | - | | | | 1.22 | | | | - | | |
Multi-use | | | 81 | | | 18 | | | 84 | | | 21 | | 5.31 | | | | 1.28 | | | | 2.03 | | | | 0.44 | | |
Land and land development | | | 103 | | | - | | | 229 | | | - | | 11.73 | | | | - | | | | 8.41 | | | | - | | |
Other(3) | | | 24 | | | - | | | 105 | | | 4 | | 1.22 | | | | - | | | | 1.69 | | | | 0.12 | | |
Total non-homebuilder | | | 497 | | | 40 | | | 898 | | | 47 | | 3.02 | | | | 0.31 | | | | 1.87 | | | | 0.13 | | |
Commercial real estate – homebuilder(4) | | | 376 | | | 222 | | | 1,059 | | | 458 | | 16.83 | | | | 6.98 | | | | 14.44 | | | | 4.55 | | |
Total commercial real estate | | $ | 873 | | $ | 262 | | $ | 1,957 | | $ | 505 | | 4.67 | | | | 1.65 | | | | 3.54 | | | | 1.08 | | |
| (1) | Primarily includes commercial loans and leases secured by non owner-occupied real estate which are dependent on the sale or lease of the real estate as the primary source of repayment. |
| (2) | Net charge-off ratios are calculated as annualized net charge-offs divided by average outstanding loans and leases excluding loans measured at fair value under the fair value option during the period for each loan and lease category. |
| (3) | Represents loans to borrowers whose primary business is commercial real estate, but the exposure is not secured by the listed property types or is unsecured. |
| (4) | Homebuilder includes condominiums and residential land. |
182
Commercial – Foreign
The commercial – foreign loan portfolio is managed primarily inGlobal Banking. Outstanding loans, excluding loans measured at fair value under the fair value option, decreased $3.4 billion to $27.6 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 due to the repayment of certain corporate loans and leases in the legacy Bank of America portfolio partially offset by the addition of loans as part of the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. Utilized reservable criticized exposure increased $1.7 billion to $3.1 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008. Net charge-offs increased $103 million and $331 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 primarily due to weakening throughout the portfolio and foreign currency fluctuations. For additional information on the commercial – foreign portfolio, refer to the Foreign Portfolio discussion beginning on page 189.
Small Business Commercial – Domestic
The small business commercial – domestic loan portfolio is comprised of business card and small business loans primarily managed inGlobal Card Services. Outstanding small business commercial – domestic loans decreased $1.2 billion to $17.9 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008. Approximately 54 percent of the small business commercial – domestic outstanding loans at September 30, 2009 were credit card related products. Nonperforming small business commercial – domestic loans decreased $38 million to $167 million, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest increased $60 million to $700 million and utilized reservable criticized exposure increased $318 million to $1.7 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008. Net charge-offs were $796 million and $2.2 billion, or 17.45 percent and 15.85 percent of total average small business commercial – domestic loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. Approximately 78 percent and 77 percent of the small business commercial – domestic net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 were credit card related products. The portfolio deterioration was primarily driven by the impacts of a weakened economy.
Commercial Loans Measured at Fair Value
The portfolio of commercial loans measured at fair value under the fair value option is managed inGlobal Markets. Outstanding commercial loans measured at fair value increased $784 million to an aggregate fair value of $6.2 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 and were comprised of commercial – domestic loans, excluding small business, of $4.0 billion, commercial – foreign loans of $2.1 billion and commercial real estate loans of $98 million. The aggregate increase was driven primarily by the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. We recorded net gains of $429 million and $764 million resulting from changes in the fair value of the loan portfolio during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to net losses of $182 million and $250 million for the same periods in 2008. These gains and losses were primarily attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk and were predominantly offset by net gains or net losses from hedging activities. At September 30, 2009, $111 million of these loans were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest and $24 million had been placed on nonaccrual status. Utilized criticized exposure in the fair value portfolio was $3.4 billion and $1.3 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
In addition, unfunded lending commitments and letters of credit both had an aggregate fair value of $1.1 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 and were recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities. The associated aggregate notional amount of unfunded lending commitments and letters of credit subject to fair value treatment was $28.6 billion and $16.9 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 with the increase driven by the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. Net gains resulting from changes in fair value of commitments and letters of credit of $365 million and $1.4 billion were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to net losses of $5 million and $64 million for the same periods in 2008. These gains and losses were primarily attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk.
183
Nonperforming Commercial Assets Activity
The following table presents the additions and reductions to nonperforming assets in the commercial portfolio during the most recent five quarters. The $4.2 billion in new nonaccrual loans and leases for the third quarter of 2009 was primarily attributable to increases within non-homebuilder commercial real estate property types such as office, land and land development, multi-use and retail and within commercial – domestic excluding small business, where the increases were broad-based across industries and lines of business. Approximately 90 percent of commercial nonperforming assets are secured and approximately 34 percent are contractually current. In addition, commercial nonperforming loans are carried at approximately 75 percent of their unpaid principal balance before consideration of the allowance for loan and lease losses as the carrying value of these loans has been reduced to the estimated net realizable value.
Table 35
Nonperforming Commercial Assets Activity(1, 2, 3)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Third Quarter 2009 | | Second Quarter 2009 | | First Quarter 2009 | | Fourth Quarter 2008 | | Third Quarter 2008 |
Nonperforming loans and leases | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 11,409 | | $ | 9,312 | | $ | 6,497 | | $ | 4,922 | | $ | 3,936 |
Additions to nonperforming loans and leases: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Merrill Lynch balance January 1, 2009 | | | - | | | - | | | 402 | | | - | | | - |
New nonaccrual loans and leases | | | 4,235 | | | 4,296 | | | 3,997 | | | 3,028 | | | 1,969 |
Advances | | | 54 | | | 120 | | | 35 | | | 67 | | | 28 |
Reductions in nonperforming loans and leases: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Paydowns and payoffs | | | (944) | | | (593) | | | (490) | | | (368) | | | (371) |
Sales | | | (304) | | | (36) | | | (7) | | | (14) | | | (19) |
Returns to performing status(4) | | | (94) | | | (92) | | | (55) | | | (35) | | | (29) |
Charge-offs(5) | | | (1,773) | | | (1,429) | | | (976) | | | (896) | | | (495) |
Transfers to foreclosed properties | | | (253) | | | (169) | | | (91) | | | (207) | | | (84) |
Transfers to loans held-for-sale | | | (70) | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | (13) |
Total net additions to nonperforming loans and leases | | | 851 | | | 2,097 | | | 2,815 | | | 1,575 | | | 986 |
Total nonperforming loans and leases, end of period | | | 12,260 | | | 11,409 | | | 9,312 | | | 6,497 | | | 4,922 |
Foreclosed properties | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, beginning of period | | | 471 | | | 372 | | | 321 | | | 176 | | | 118 |
Additions to foreclosed properties: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
New foreclosed properties | | | 253 | | | 169 | | | 91 | | | 207 | | | 84 |
Reductions in foreclosed properties: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales | | | (73) | | | (52) | | | (35) | | | (58) | | | (19) |
Writedowns | | | (38) | | | (18) | | | (5) | | | (4) | | | (7) |
Total net additions to foreclosed properties | | | 142 | | | 99 | | | 51 | | | 145 | | | 58 |
Total foreclosed properties, end of period | | | 613 | | | 471 | | | 372 | | | 321 | | | 176 |
Nonperforming commercial assets, end of period | | $ | 12,873 | | $ | 11,880 | | $ | 9,684 | | $ | 6,818 | | $ | 5,098 |
Nonperforming commercial loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans and leases(6) | | | 3.72% | | | 3.31% | | | 2.58% | | | 1.93% | | | 1.45% |
Nonperforming commercial assets as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans and leases and foreclosed properties(6) | | | 3.90 | | | 3.44 | | | 2.68 | | | 2.02 | | | 1.51 |
| (1) | Balances do not include nonperforming LHFS of $2.9 billion, $2.5 billion, $1.3 billion, $852 million and $544 million at September 30, 2009, June 30, 2009, March 31, 2009, December 31, 2008 and September 30, 2008, respectively. Balances do not include nonperforming AFS debt securities of $779 million, $177 million, $270 million, $291 million and $436 million at September 30, 2009, June 30, 2009, March 31, 2009, December 31, 2008 and September 30, 2008, respectively. |
| (2) | Balances do not include nonperforming derivative assets of $1.4 billion, $3.3 billion, $4.3 billion, $512 million and $423 million at September 30, 2009, June 30, 2009, March 31, 2009, December 31, 2008 and September 30, 2008, respectively. |
| (3) | Includes small business commercial – domestic activity. |
| (4) | Commercial loans and leases may be restored to performing status when all principal and interest is current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected, or when the loan otherwise becomes well-secured and is in the process of collection. TDRs are generally classified as performing after a sustained period of demonstrated payment performance. |
| (5) | Business card loans are not classified as nonperforming; therefore, the charge-offs on these loans have no impact on nonperforming activity. |
| (6) | Outstanding commercial loans and leases exclude loans measured under the fair value option. |
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At September 30, 2009 the total commercial TDR balance was $460 million. Nonperforming TDRs increased $98 million during the three months ended September 30, 2009 and performing TDRs increased $120 million during the same period. Nonperforming TDRs are included in Table 35.
Industry Concentrations
Table 36 presents commercial committed and commercial utilized credit exposure by industry and the total net credit default protection purchased to cover the funded and the unfunded portion of certain credit exposure. Our commercial credit exposure is diversified across a broad range of industries.
Industry limits are used internally to manage industry concentrations and are based on committed exposure and capital usage that are allocated on an industry-by-industry basis. A risk management framework is in place to set and approve industry limits, as well as to provide ongoing monitoring. The CRC oversees industry limits governance.
In diversified financials, our largest industry concentration, total committed credit exposure grew by $15.5 billion, or 15 percent at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008. The Merrill Lynch portfolio contributed $41.7 billion, largely the result of $34.6 billion in capital markets industry exposure, primarily comprised of derivatives. This increase was partially offset by decreases in legacy Bank of America positions of $26.2 billion, the bulk of which came from a $19.8 billion reduction in capital markets industry exposure including the cancellation of $8.8 billion in facilities to legacy Merrill Lynch.
Insurance committed exposure increased by $11.1 billion, or 62 percent, largely driven by the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. See discussion below for further analysis of monoline related exposure which is included in the insurance industry exposure.
Utilities increased $7.4 billion, or 38 percent, and media increased $4.5 billion, or 23 percent at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008. All of these changes were primarily driven by the acquisition of Merrill Lynch.
Retailing committed exposure declined $5.5 billion or 11 percent at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008, driven by the liquidation of some large retail exposures and seasonal paydowns as retailers and wholesalers worked to reduce inventory levels.
Real estate, our second largest industry concentration, experienced a decrease in committed exposure of $5.0 billion, or five percent at September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008. A $12.3 billion decrease in legacy Bank of America committed exposure, driven primarily by decreases in homebuilder, unsecured and commercial land exposure, was partially offset by the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. Real estate construction and land development exposure comprised 31 percent of the total real estate industry committed exposure at September 30, 2009. For more information on the commercial real estate and related portfolios, refer to the commercial real estate discussion beginning on page 179.
Monoline and related exposure
Monoline exposure is reported in the insurance industry and managed under insurance portfolio industry limits. Direct loan exposure to monolines consisted of revolvers in the amount of $41 million at September 30, 2009 and $126 million at December 31, 2008.
We have indirect exposure to monolines primarily in the form of guarantees supporting our loans, investment portfolios, securitizations, credit enhanced securities as part of our public finance business, and other selected products. Such indirect exposure exists when we purchase credit protection from monolines to hedge all or a portion of the credit risk on certain credit exposures including loans and CDOs. We underwrite our public finance exposure by evaluating the underlying securities.
Monoline derivative credit exposure at September 30, 2009 had a notional value of $44.8 billion compared to $9.6 billion at December 31, 2008. Mark-to-market monoline derivative credit exposure was $11.3 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to $2.2 billion at December 31, 2008, driven by the addition of Merrill Lynch exposures as well as credit deterioration related to underlying counterparties and spread widening in both wrapped CDO and structured finance related exposures. At September 30, 2009, the counterparty credit valuation adjustment related to monoline derivative exposure was $5.9 billion, which reduced our net mark-to-market exposure to $5.4 billion. We do not hold collateral against these derivative exposures. For more information on our monoline exposure, see theGlobal Markets discussion beginning on page 128.
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We also have indirect exposure as we invest in securities where the issuers have purchased wraps (i.e., insurance). For example, municipalities and corporations purchase protection in order to enhance their pricing power which has the effect of reducing their cost of borrowing. If the rating agencies downgrade the monolines, the credit rating of the bond may fall and may have an adverse impact on the market value of the security. In the case of default we first look to the underlying securities and then to recovery on the purchased insurance.
Investments in municipalities and corporations with purchased wraps at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 had a notional value of $5.0 billion and $6.0 billion. Mark-to-market investment exposure was $5.0 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to $5.7 billion at December 31, 2008.
Table 36
Commercial Credit Exposure by Industry(1, 2, 3)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Commercial Utilized | | Total Commercial Committed | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 | | | |
Diversified financials | | $ | 75,650 | | $ | 50,327 | | $ | 118,770 | | $ | 103,306 | | | |
Real estate (4) | | | 80,424 | | | 79,766 | | | 98,857 | | | 103,889 | | | |
Government and public education | | | 44,802 | | | 39,386 | | | 61,547 | | | 58,608 | | | |
Capital goods | | | 26,585 | | | 27,588 | | | 51,653 | | | 52,522 | | | |
Healthcare equipment and services | | | 30,960 | | | 31,280 | | | 47,640 | | | 46,785 | | | |
Retailing | | | 25,413 | | | 30,736 | | | 44,611 | | | 50,102 | | | |
Consumer services | | | 29,068 | | | 28,715 | | | 44,606 | | | 43,948 | | | |
Commercial services and supplies | | | 25,149 | | | 24,095 | | | 37,500 | | | 34,867 | | | |
Materials | | | 18,431 | | | 22,825 | | | 34,712 | | | 38,105 | | | |
Individuals and trusts | | | 24,448 | | | 22,752 | | | 32,021 | | | 33,045 | | | |
Insurance | | | 21,945 | | | 11,223 | | | 28,947 | | | 17,855 | | | |
Food, beverage and tobacco | | | 15,131 | | | 17,257 | | | 28,180 | | | 28,521 | | | |
Utilities | | | 9,732 | | | 8,230 | | | 26,639 | | | 19,272 | | | |
Energy | | | 10,641 | | | 11,885 | | | 23,941 | | | 22,732 | | | |
Media | | | 12,131 | | | 8,939 | | | 23,783 | | | 19,301 | | | |
Banks | | | 20,040 | | | 22,134 | | | 23,156 | | | 26,493 | | | |
Transportation | | | 13,804 | | | 13,050 | | | 19,558 | | | 18,561 | | | |
Religious and social organizations | | | 9,261 | | | 9,539 | | | 11,891 | | | 12,576 | | | |
Consumer durables and apparel | | | 5,086 | | | 6,219 | | | 10,159 | | | 10,862 | | | |
Telecommunication services | | | 3,746 | | | 3,681 | | | 10,006 | | | 8,036 | | | |
Software and services | | | 3,548 | | | 4,093 | | | 9,707 | | | 9,590 | | | |
Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology | | | 3,364 | | | 3,721 | | | 9,812 | | | 10,111 | | | |
Technology hardware and equipment | | | 3,228 | | | 3,971 | | | 9,557 | | | 10,371 | | | |
Food and staples retailing | | | 3,878 | | | 4,282 | | | 6,776 | | | 7,012 | | | |
Automobiles and components | | | 2,615 | | | 3,093 | | | 5,215 | | | 6,081 | | | |
Other | | | 5,748 | | | 9,962 | | | 11,111 | | | 12,781 | | | |
Total commercial credit exposure by industry | | $ | 524,828 | | $ | 498,749 | | $ | 830,355 | | $ | 805,332 | | | |
Net credit default protection purchased on total commitments(5) | | | | | | | | $ | (21,558) | | $ | (9,654 | ) | | |
| (1) | Total commercial utilized and total commercial committed exposure includes loans and letters of credit measured at fair value under the fair value option and are comprised of loans outstanding of $6.2 billion and $5.4 billion, and issued letters of credit at notional value of $1.9 billion and $1.4 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. In addition, total commercial committed exposure includes unfunded loan commitments at notional value of $26.7 billion and $15.5 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
| (2) | Includes small business commercial – domestic exposure. |
| (3) | At September 30, 2009, total commercial utilized and total commercial committed exposure included $100.3 billion and $131.6 billion of exposure related to Merrill Lynch which included $35.4 billion and $41.7 billion in diversified financials and $13.7 billion and $14.8 billion in insurance with the remaining exposure spread across various industries. |
| (4) | Industries are viewed from a variety of perspectives to best isolate the perceived risks. For purposes of this table, the real estate industry is defined based upon the borrowers’ or counterparties’ primary business activity using operating cash flow and primary source of repayment as key factors. |
| (5) | Represents net notional credit protection purchased. At September 30, 2009, included net notional credit default protection purchased of $12.9 billion in single name credit default swaps related to the Merrill Lynch acquisition. |
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Credit protection is purchased to cover the funded portion as well as the unfunded portion of certain credit exposure. To lessen the cost of obtaining our desired credit protection levels credit exposure may be added within an industry, borrower or counterparty group by selling protection.
At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we had net notional credit default protection purchased in our credit derivatives portfolio to hedge our funded and unfunded exposures for which we elected the fair value option as well as certain other credit exposures of $21.6 billion and $9.7 billion. The increase from December 31, 2008 is primarily driven by the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. The mark-to-market impacts, including the cost of net credit default protection, hedging our exposure, resulted in net losses of $988 million and $2.5 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to net gains of $151 million and $255 million for the same periods in 2008. The average VAR for these credit derivative hedges was $82 million and $80 million for the three and nine months ending September 30, 2009 compared to $20 million and $21 million for the same periods in 2008. The average VAR for the related credit exposure was $123 million and $140 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $46 million and $47 million for the same periods in 2008. The year-over-year increase in VAR was driven by the combination of the Merrill Lynch and Bank of America businesses in 2009. There is a diversification effect between the net credit default protection hedging our credit exposure and the related credit exposure such that their combined average VAR was $73 million and $100 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. Refer to the Trading Risk Management discussion beginning on page 196 for a description of our VAR calculation for the market-based trading portfolio.
Tables 37 and 38 present the maturity profiles and the credit exposure debt ratings of the net credit default protection portfolio at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. The distribution of debt rating for net notional credit default protection purchased is shown as a negative and the net notional credit protection sold is shown as a positive amount.
Table 37
Net Credit Default Protection by Maturity Profile
| | | | | | | | |
| | September 30 2009 | | | | December 31 2008 | | |
Less than or equal to one year | | 13 | | % | | 1 | | % |
Greater than one year and less than or equal to five years | | 84 | | | | 92 | | |
Greater than five years | | 3 | | | | 7 | | |
Total net credit default protection | | 100 | | % | | 100 | | % |
Table 38
Net Credit Default Protection by Credit Exposure Debt Rating(1)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | | | September 30, 2009 | | | | December 31, 2008 | | |
Ratings(2) | | | | | Net Notional | | Percent | | | | | | | Net Notional | | | Percent | | |
AAA | | | | $ | 15 | | (0.1) | | % | | | | $ | 30 | | | (0.3) | | % |
AA | | | | | (465) | | 2.2 | | | | | | | (103 | ) | | 1.1 | | |
A | | | | | (6,239) | | 28.9 | | | | | | | (2,800 | ) | | 29.0 | | |
BBB | | | | | (11,262) | | 52.3 | | | | | | | (4,856 | ) | | 50.2 | | |
BB | | | | | (3,015) | | 14.0 | | | | | | | (1,948 | ) | | 20.2 | | |
B | | | | | (974) | | 4.5 | | | | | | | (579 | ) | | 6.0 | | |
CCC and below | | | | | (1,886) | | 8.7 | | | | | | | (278 | ) | | 2.9 | | |
NR(3) | | | | | 2,268 | | (10.5) | | | | | | | 880 | | | (9.1) | | |
Total net credit default protection | | | | $ | (21,558) | | 100.0 | | % | | | | $ | (9,654 | ) | | 100.0 | | % |
| (1) | Ratings are refreshed on a quarterly basis. |
| (2) | The Corporation considers ratings of BBB- or higher to meet the definition of investment grade. |
| (3) | In addition to names which have not been rated, “NR” includes $2.4 billion and $948 million in net credit default swaps index positions at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. While index positions are principally investment grade, credit default swaps indices include names in and across each of the ratings categories. |
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In addition to our net notional credit default protection purchased to cover the funded and unfunded portion of certain credit exposures, credit derivatives are used for market-making activities for clients and establishing proprietary positions intended to profit from directional or relative value changes. We execute the majority of our credit derivative positions in the over-the-counter market with large, international financial institutions, including broker/dealers and to a lesser degree with a variety of other investors. Because these transactions are executed in the over-the-counter market, we are subject to settlement risk. We are also subject to credit risk in the event that these counterparties fail to perform under the terms of these contracts. In most cases, credit derivative transactions are executed on a daily margin basis. Therefore, events such as a credit downgrade (depending on the ultimate rating level) or a breach of credit covenants would typically require an increase in the amount of collateral required of the counterparty (where applicable), and/or allow us to take additional protective measures such as early termination of all trades. Further, we enter into legally enforceable master netting agreements which reduce risk by permitting the closeout and netting of transactions with the same counterparty upon the occurrence of certain events.
The notional amounts presented in Table 39 represent the total contract/notional amount of credit derivatives outstanding and includes both purchased and written protection. The credit risk amounts are measured as the net replacement cost in the event the counterparties with contracts in a gain position to us fail to perform under the terms of those contracts. The credit risk amounts take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements. The addition of Merrill Lynch drove the increase in counterparty credit risk for purchased protection and the increase in the contract/notional amount. For information on the performance risk of our written credit derivatives, seeNote 4 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Table 39
Credit Derivatives
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 | | | | | | December 31, 2008 |
(Dollars in millions) | | Contract/Notional | | Credit Risk (1) | | | | | | Contract/Notional | | Credit Risk (1) |
Credit derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchased protection: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps | | $ | 2,739,378 | | $ | 28,413 | | | | | | $ | 1,025,850 | | $ | 11,772 |
Total return swaps/other | | | 13,975 | | | 3,189 | | | | | | | 6,601 | | | 1,678 |
Total purchased protection | | | 2,753,353 | | | 31,602 | | | | | | | 1,032,451 | | | 13,450 |
| | | | | | |
Written protection: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps | | | 2,811,818 | | | - | | | | | | | 1,000,034 | | | - |
Total return swaps/other | | | 24,873 | | | - | | | | | | | 6,203 | | | - |
Total written protection | | | 2,836,691 | | | - | | | | | | | 1,006,237 | | | - |
Total credit derivatives | | $ | 5,590,044 | | $ | 31,602 | | | | | | $ | 2,038,688 | | $ | 13,450 |
| (1) | Credit risk amounts take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements while amounts disclosed inNote 4 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements are shown on a gross basis. Reflects potential benefit from offsetting exposure to non-credit derivative products with the same counterparties that may be netted upon the occurrence of certain events, thereby reducing the Corporation’s overall exposure. |
Credit Risk Valuation Adjustments
We record a counterparty credit risk valuation adjustment on certain derivatives assets, including our credit default protection purchased, in order to properly reflect the credit quality of the counterparty. These adjustments are necessary as the market quotes on derivatives do not fully reflect the credit risk of the counterparties to the derivative assets. We consider collateral and legally enforceable master netting agreements that mitigate our credit exposure to each counterparty in determining the counterparty credit risk valuation adjustment. All or a portion of these counterparty credit risk valuation adjustments are reversed or otherwise adjusted in future periods due to changes in the value of the derivative contract, collateral, and credit worthiness of the counterparty.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, credit valuation gains of $1.0 billion and $1.5 billion were recognized in trading account profits (losses) related to counterparty credit risk on derivative assets. This compared to losses of $467 million and $1.4 billion during the same periods in 2008. The three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 included gains (losses) related to monoline insurers of $569 million and $(780) million. In addition, we benefited from gains due to the narrowing credit spreads related to all other counterparties. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the cumulative counterparty credit risk valuation adjustment that was netted against the derivative asset balance was
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$7.8 billion and $4.0 billion. For information on our monoline counterparty credit risk, see the discussion on page 186 and CDO-related counterparty credit risk, see theGlobal Markets discussion beginning on page 128.
The fair value of derivative liabilities is adjusted to reflect the impact of the Corporation’s credit quality. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, credit valuation losses of $714 million and $631 million compared to gains of $106 million and $346 million for the same periods in 2008 were recognized as trading account profits (losses). At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Corporation’s cumulative credit risk valuation adjustment that was netted against the derivative liabilities balance was $774 million and $573 million.
Our foreign credit and trading portfolio is subject to country risk. We define country risk as the risk of loss from unfavorable economic and political conditions, currency fluctuations, social instability and changes in government policies. A risk management framework is in place to measure, monitor and manage foreign risk and exposures. Management oversight of country risk including cross-border risk is provided by the Country Risk Committee, a subcommittee of the CRC.
The following table sets forth total foreign exposure broken out by region at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Foreign exposure includes credit exposure net of local liabilities, securities, and other investments domiciled in countries other than the U.S. Total foreign exposure can be adjusted for externally guaranteed outstandings and certain collateral types. Exposures which are assigned external guarantees are reported under the country of the guarantor. Exposures with tangible collateral are reflected in the country where the collateral is held. For securities received, other than cross-border resale agreements, outstandings are assigned to the domicile of the issuer of the securities. Resale agreements are generally presented based on the domicile of the counterparty consistent with FFIEC reporting requirements.
Table 40
Regional Foreign Exposure(1, 2, 3)
| | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 |
Europe | | $ | 176,377 | | $ | 66,472 |
Asia Pacific | | | 43,382 | | | 39,774 |
Latin America | | | 20,555 | | | 11,378 |
Middle East and Africa | | | 3,044 | | | 2,456 |
Other | | | 13,723 | | | 10,988 |
Total | | $ | 257,081 | | $ | 131,068 |
| (1) | Local funding or liabilities are subtracted from local exposures consistent with FFIEC reporting requirements. |
| (2) | Exposures have been reduced by $38.3 billion and $19.6 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 for the cash applied as collateral to derivative assets. |
| (3) | Generally, resale agreements are presented based on the domicile of the counterparty, consistent with FFIEC reporting requirements. Cross-border resale agreements where the underlying securities are U.S. Treasury securities, in which case the domicile is the U.S., are excluded from this presentation. |
Our total foreign exposure was $257.1 billion at September 30, 2009, an increase of $126.0 billion from December 31, 2008. Our foreign exposure remained concentrated in Europe, which accounted for $176.4 billion, or 69 percent, of total foreign exposure. The European exposure was mostly in Western Europe and was distributed across a variety of industries. Asia Pacific was our second largest foreign exposure at $43.4 billion, or 17 percent, of total foreign exposure. Latin America accounted for $20.6 billion, or eight percent, of total foreign exposure. The increases of $109.9 billion, $3.6 billion and $9.2 billion in our foreign exposure in Europe, Asia Pacific and Latin America, respectively, from December 31, 2008 were primarily due to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. For more information on our Asia Pacific and Latin America exposure, see the discussion on the foreign exposure to selected countries defined as emerging markets below.
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As shown in Table 41, at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the United Kingdom had total cross-border exposure of $60.0 billion and $13.3 billion, representing 2.67 percent and 0.73 percent of total assets. The United Kingdom was the only country where our total cross-border exposure exceeded one percent of our total assets at September 30, 2009. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the largest concentration of the cross-border exposure to the United Kingdom was in the private sector. At September 30, 2009, Germany and France, with total cross-border exposure of $21.1 billion and $17.6 billion, representing 0.94 percent and 0.78 percent of total assets were the only other countries that had total cross-border exposure which exceeded 0.75 percent of our total assets.
Table 41
Total Cross-border Exposure Exceeding One Percent of Total Assets(1, 2)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | | | Public Sector | | Banks | | Private Sector | | Cross-border Exposure | | Exposure as a Percentage of Total Assets | |
United Kingdom | | September 30, 2009 | | $ | 169 | | $ | 13,365 | | $ | 46,485 | | $ | 60,019 | | 2.67 | % |
| | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2008 | | | 543 | | | 567 | | | 12,167 | | | 13,277 | | 0.73 | |
| (1) | Exposure includes cross-border claims by our foreign offices as follows: loans, acceptances, time deposits placed, trading account assets, securities, derivative assets, other interest-earning investments and other monetary assets. Amounts also include unused commitments, SBLCs, commercial letters of credit and formal guarantees. Sector definitions are consistent with FFIEC reporting requirements. |
| (2) | At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, total cross-border exposure for the United Kingdom included derivatives exposure of $3.9 billion and $3.2 billion which presented net of the amount of cash collateral applied of $8.7 billion and $4.5 billion. Derivative assets were collateralized by other marketable securities of $195 million and $124 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
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As presented in Table 42, foreign exposure to borrowers or counterparties in emerging markets increased $3.1 billion to $48.9 billion at September 30, 2009, compared to $45.8 billion at December 31, 2008. The increase was due to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch partially offset by the sale of CCB common shares in the first and second quarters of 2009. Foreign exposure to borrowers or counterparties in emerging markets represented 19 percent and 35 percent of total foreign exposure at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
Table 42
Selected Emerging Markets(1)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Loans and Leases, and Loan Commitments | | Other Financing (2) | | Derivative Assets(3) | | Securities/ Other Investments (4) | | Total Cross- border Exposure (5) | | Local Country Exposure Net of Local Liabilities (6) | | Total Emerging Market Exposure at September 30, 2009 | | Increase (Decrease) From December 31, 2008 | |
Region/Country | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Asia Pacific | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
China | | $ | 538 | | $ | 174 | | $ | 777 | | $ | 10,618 | | $ | 12,107 | | $ | - | | $ | 12,107 | | $ | (8,598 | ) |
South Korea | | | 274 | | | 608 | | | 1,518 | | | 3,178 | | | 5,578 | | | - | | | 5,578 | | | 902 | |
India | | | 1,300 | | | 914 | | | 824 | | | 1,767 | | | 4,805 | | | 9 | | | 4,814 | | | 380 | |
Hong Kong | | | 545 | | | 371 | | | 160 | | | 218 | | | 1,294 | | | - | | | 1,294 | | | 613 | |
Singapore | | | 306 | | | 41 | | | 285 | | | 253 | | | 885 | | | - | | | 885 | | | (684 | ) |
Taiwan | | | 321 | | | 20 | | | 123 | | | 129 | | | 593 | | | 227 | | | 820 | | | (22 | ) |
Other Asia Pacific(7) | | | 258 | | | 40 | | | 190 | | | 667 | | | 1,155 | | | 151 | | | 1,306 | | | 701 | |
Total Asia Pacific | | | 3,542 | | | 2,168 | | | 3,877 | | | 16,830 | | | 26,417 | | | 387 | | | 26,804 | | | (6,708 | ) |
Latin America | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Brazil | | | 377 | | | 688 | | | 220 | | | 5,758 | | | 7,043 | | | 2,097 | | | 9,140 | | | 5,271 | |
Mexico | | | 1,720 | | | 208 | | | 525 | | | 2,696 | | | 5,149 | | | 355 | | | 5,504 | | | 1,347 | |
Chile | | | 466 | | | 393 | | | 320 | | | 30 | | | 1,209 | | | 2 | | | 1,211 | | | 632 | |
Argentina | | | 1 | | | - | | | 6 | | | 387 | | | 394 | | | 162 | | | 556 | | | 314 | |
Other Latin America(7) | | | 127 | | | 214 | | | 368 | | | 189 | | | 898 | | | - | | | 898 | | | 493 | |
Total Latin America | | | 2,691 | | | 1,503 | | | 1,439 | | | 9,060 | | | 14,693 | | | 2,616 | | | 17,309 | | | 8,057 | |
Middle East and Africa | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
South Africa | | | 153 | | | 8 | | | 56 | | | 1,020 | | | 1,237 | | | - | | | 1,237 | | | 910 | |
United Arab Emirates | | | 387 | | | 36 | | | 176 | | | 65 | | | 664 | | | - | | | 664 | | | 254 | |
Other Middle East and Africa(7) | | | 465 | | | 70 | | | 212 | | | 238 | | | 985 | | | 1 | | | 986 | | | (732 | ) |
Total Middle East and Africa | | | 1,005 | | | 114 | | | 444 | | | 1,323 | | | 2,886 | | | 1 | | | 2,887 | | | 432 | |
Total Central and Eastern Europe(7) | | | 603 | | | 226 | | | 468 | | | 608 | | | 1,905 | | | 30 | | | 1,935 | | | 1,306 | |
Total emerging market exposure | | $ | 7,841 | | $ | 4,011 | | $ | 6,228 | | $ | 27,821 | | $ | 45,901 | | $ | 3,034 | | $ | 48,935 | | $ | 3,087 | |
| (1) | There is no generally accepted definition of emerging markets. The definition that we use includes all countries in Asia Pacific excluding Japan, Australia and New Zealand; all countries in Latin America excluding Cayman Islands and Bermuda; all countries in Middle East and Africa; and all countries in Central and Eastern Europe excluding Greece. There was no emerging market exposure included in the portfolio measured at fair value under the fair value option at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
| (2) | Includes acceptances, standby letters of credit, commercial letters of credit and formal guarantees. |
| (3) | Derivative assets are reported at fair value and are reduced by the amount of cash collateral applied of $775 million and $152 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 there were $605 million and $531 million of other marketable securities collateralizing derivative assets. |
| (4) | Generally, cross-border resale agreements are presented based on the domicile of the counterparty, consistent with FFIEC reporting requirements. Cross-border resale agreements where the underlying securities are U.S. Treasury securities, in which case the domicile is the U.S., are excluded from this presentation. |
| (5) | Cross-border exposure includes amounts payable to the Corporation by borrowers or counterparties with a country of residence other than the one in which the credit is booked, regardless of the currency in which the claim is denominated, consistent with FFIEC reporting requirements. |
| (6) | Local country exposure includes amounts payable to the Corporation by borrowers with a country of residence in which the credit is booked, regardless of the currency in which the claim is denominated. Local funding or liabilities are subtracted from local exposures consistent with FFIEC reporting requirements. Total amount of available local liabilities funding local country exposure at September 30, 2009 was $18.0 billion compared to $12.6 billion at December 31, 2008. Local liabilities at September 30, 2009 in Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East and Africa were $16.7 billion, $860 million, and $398 million, respectively, of which $8.2 billion was in Singapore, $2.1 billion was in South Korea, $1.8 billion was in both Hong Kong and India, $1.5 billion was in China, $722 million was in Mexico, and $645 million was in Taiwan. There were no other countries with available local liabilities funding local country exposure greater than $500 million. |
| (7) | No country included in Other Asia Pacific, Other Latin America, Other Middle East and Africa, or Central and Eastern Europe had total foreign exposure of more than $500 million. |
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At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, 55 percent and 73 percent of the emerging markets exposure was in Asia Pacific. Emerging markets exposure in Asia Pacific decreased by $6.7 billion driven by the sale of CCB common shares in the first and second quarters of 2009. Our exposure in China was primarily related to our equity investment in CCB which accounted for $9.2 billion and $19.7 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. For more information on our CCB investment refer to theAll Other discussion beginning on page 139.
At September 30, 2009, 35 percent of the emerging markets exposure was in Latin America compared to 20 percent at December 31, 2008. Latin America emerging markets exposure increased by $8.1 billion due to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. Our exposure in Brazil was largely related to the carrying value of our investment in Itaú Unibanco, which accounted for $4.9 billion and $2.5 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Our equity investment in Itaú Unibanco represents five percent and eight percent of its outstanding voting and non-voting shares at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Our exposure in Mexico includes our 24.9 percent equity investment in Santander which accounted for $2.4 billion and $2.1 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
At both September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, six percent of the emerging markets exposure was in Middle East and Africa, with the increase of $432 million due to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch partially offset by the decline in cross-border securities and other investments exposures in Bahrain.
At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, four percent and one percent of the emerging markets exposure was in Central and Eastern Europe which increased by $1.3 billion due to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch.
|
Provision for Credit Losses |
The provision for credit losses increased $5.3 billion to $11.7 billion and $20.2 billion to $38.5 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008.
The consumer portion of the provision for credit losses increased $3.2 billion to $8.5 billion and $14.4 billion to $29.4 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008. The increases for both the three and nine-month periods were driven by higher net charge-offs in our consumer real estate, consumer credit card and consumer lending portfolios reflecting deterioration in the economy and housing markets. In the three month comparison higher net charge-offs were partially offset by lower additions to the reserves. Excluding reserve increases for deterioration in the purchased impaired portfolios and maturing credit card securitizations, the third quarter of 2009 included reserve reductions mainly in the domestic credit card and consumer lending portfolios resulting from improved levels of delinquencies. This compared to reserve additions across almost all consumer portfolios in the third quarter of 2008. In the nine month comparison, in addition to higher net charge-offs, the provision increase was also driven by higher reserve additions for deterioration in the purchased impaired portfolios, maturing credit card securitizations and deterioration in the residential mortgage portfolio. These increases were partially offset by lower reserve additions in our consumer lending portfolio resulting from improved delinquencies and in the home equity portfolio due to a slowdown in the pace of deterioration. In the Countrywide and Merrill Lynch consumer purchased impaired portfolios the additions to the reserves to reflect additional deterioration were $1.4 billion and $3.0 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009.
The commercial portion of the provision for credit losses increased $2.1 billion to $3.2 billion and $5.8 billion to $9.0 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008. The increases were primarily driven by both higher net charge-offs and reserve additions in the commercial real estate and domestic portfolios, reflecting deterioration across a broad range of property types, industries and borrowers. To a lesser extent the small business portfolios inGlobal Card Services contributed to the increased provision due to higher net charge-offs which were partially offset by the reserve impacts of improved delinquencies which drove reserve reductions for the third quarter of 2009 and lower reserve additions for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008.
|
Allowance for Credit Losses |
The allowance for loan and lease losses excludes loans measured under the fair value option as mark-to-market adjustments related to loans measured at fair value include a credit risk component. The allowance for loan and lease losses is allocated based on two components. We evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses based on the combined total of these two components.
The first component of the allowance for loan and lease losses covers those commercial loans excluding loans measured at fair value that are either nonperforming or impaired. An allowance is allocated when the discounted cash flows (or
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collateral value or observable market price) are lower than the carrying value of that loan. For purposes of computing the specific loss component of the allowance, larger impaired loans are evaluated individually and smaller impaired loans are evaluated as a pool using historical loss experience for the respective product type and risk rating of the loans.
The second component of the allowance for loan and lease losses covers performing consumer and commercial loans and leases excluding loans measured at fair value. The allowance for commercial loan and lease losses is established by product type after analyzing historical loss experience by internal risk rating, current economic conditions, industry performance trends, geographic or obligor concentrations within each portfolio segment, and any other pertinent information. The commercial historical loss experience is updated quarterly to incorporate the most recent data reflective of the current economic environment. As of September 30, 2009, quarterly updating of historical loss experience resulted in an increase in the allowance for loan and lease losses for deterioration primarily in commercial real estate. The allowance for consumer and certain homogeneous commercial loan and lease products is based on aggregated portfolio segment evaluations, generally by product type. Loss forecast models are utilized that consider a variety of factors including, but not limited to, historical loss experience, estimated defaults or foreclosures based on portfolio trends, delinquencies, economic trends and credit scores. These loss forecast models are updated on a quarterly basis in order to incorporate information reflective of the current economic environment. As of September 30, 2009 quarterly updating of the loss forecast models resulted in increases in the allowance for loan and lease losses in the home equity and residential mortgage portfolios and reductions in the allowance for domesticGlobal Card Servicesportfolios.
We monitor differences between estimated and actual incurred loan and lease losses. This monitoring process includes periodic assessments by senior management of loan and lease portfolios and the models used to estimate incurred losses in those portfolios.
Additions to the allowance for loan and lease losses are made by charges to the provision for credit losses. Credit exposures deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for loan and lease losses. Recoveries of previously charged off amounts are credited to the allowance for loan and lease losses.
The allowance for loan and lease losses for the consumer portfolio as presented in Table 44 was $26.7 billion at September 30, 2009, an increase of $10.1 billion from December 31, 2008. This increase was primarily related to the impacts of the weak economy and deterioration in the housing markets, which drove reserve builds for higher losses across all consumer portfolios. With respect to the Countrywide and Merrill Lynch purchased impaired portfolios, updating of our expected principal cash flows resulted in an increase in reserves in the home equity, discontinued real estate, and residential mortgage portfolios.
The allowance for commercial loan and lease losses was $9.1 billion at September 30, 2009, a $2.7 billion increase from December 31, 2008. The increase in allowance levels was driven by reserve increases on the commercial real estate and domestic portfolios withinGlobal Banking.
The allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding was 3.95 percent at September 30, 2009, compared to 2.49 percent at December 31, 2008. The increase in the ratio was primarily driven by consumer reserve increases for higher losses in the residential mortgage, home equity, and consumer card portfolios reflecting deterioration in the housing markets and the impact of the weak economy. The increase was also the result of reserve increases in the commercial real estate and commercial domestic portfolios reflecting broad-based deterioration across various borrowers, industries, and property types. In addition, the September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 ratios also include the impact of the purchased impaired portfolio.
Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments
In addition to the allowance for loan and lease losses, we also estimate probable losses related to unfunded lending commitments excluding commitments measured at fair value, such as letters of credit and financial guarantees, and binding unfunded loan commitments. Unfunded lending commitments are subject to the same assessment as funded loans, except utilization assumptions are considered. The reserve for unfunded lending commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet with changes to the reserve generally made through the provision for credit losses.
The reserve for unfunded lending commitments at September 30, 2009 was $1.6 billion compared to $421 million at December 31, 2008. The increase was largely driven by the fair value of the acquired Merrill Lynch unfunded commitments.
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The following table presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.
Table 43
Allowance for Credit Losses
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Three Months Ended September 30 | | | | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | 2009 | | | | | 2008 | | | | | | | 2009 | | | | | 2008 | | | |
Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period | | $ | 33,785 | | | | | $ | 17,130 | | | | | | | $ | 23,071 | | | | | $ | 11,588 | | | |
Loans and leases charged off | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Residential mortgage | | | (1,263 | ) | | | | | (251 | ) | | | | | | | (3,167 | ) | | | | | (480 | ) | | |
Home equity | | | (2,006 | ) | | | | | (991 | ) | | | | | | | (5,592 | ) | | | | | (2,447 | ) | | |
Discontinued real estate | | | (37 | ) | | | | | - | | | | | | | | (90 | ) | | | | | - | | | |
Credit card – domestic | | | (1,836 | ) | | | | | (1,159 | ) | | | | | | | (5,148 | ) | | | | | (3,165 | ) | | |
Credit card – foreign | | | (401 | ) | | | | | (169 | ) | | | | | | | (902 | ) | | | | | (459 | ) | | |
Direct/Indirect consumer | | | (1,685 | ) | | | | | (1,013 | ) | | | | | | | (4,887 | ) | | | | | (2,551 | ) | | |
Other consumer | | | (134 | ) | | | | | (120 | ) | | | | | | | (362 | ) | | | | | (322 | ) | | |
Total consumer charge-offs | | | (7,362 | ) | | | | | (3,703 | ) | | | | | | | (20,148 | ) | | | | | (9,424 | ) | | |
Commercial – domestic(1) | | | (1,606 | ) | | | | | (669 | ) | | | | | | | (3,858 | ) | | | | | (1,718 | ) | | |
Commercial real estate | | | (890 | ) | | | | | (264 | ) | | | | | | | (1,981 | ) | | | | | (508 | ) | | |
Commercial lease financing | | | (48 | ) | | | | | (11 | ) | | | | | | | (166 | ) | | | | | (44 | ) | | |
Commercial – foreign | | | (153 | ) | | | | | (50 | ) | | | | | | | (388 | ) | | | | | (66 | ) | | |
Total commercial charge-offs | | | (2,697 | ) | | | | | (994 | ) | | | | | | | (6,393 | ) | | | | | (2,336 | ) | | |
Total loans and leases charged off | | | (10,059 | ) | | | | | (4,697 | ) | | | | | | | (26,541 | ) | | | | | (11,760 | ) | | |
Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Residential mortgage | | | 16 | | | | | | 9 | | | | | | | | 50 | | | | | | 21 | | | |
Home equity | | | 36 | | | | | | 27 | | | | | | | | 102 | | | | | | 64 | | | |
Discontinued real estate | | | - | | | | | | 3 | | | | | | | | 3 | | | | | | 3 | | | |
Credit card – domestic | | | 49 | | | | | | 65 | | | | | | | | 147 | | | | | | 248 | | | |
Credit card – foreign | | | 19 | | | | | | 21 | | | | | | | | 58 | | | | | | 70 | | | |
Direct/Indirect consumer | | | 234 | | | | | | 168 | | | | | | | | 712 | | | | | | 491 | | | |
Other consumer | | | 16 | | | | | | 14 | | | | | | | | 48 | | | | | | 47 | | | |
Total consumer recoveries | | | 370 | | | | | | 307 | | | | | | | | 1,120 | | | | | | 944 | | | |
Commercial – domestic(2) | | | 37 | | | | | | 25 | | | | | | | | 103 | | | | | | 86 | | | |
Commercial real estate | | | 17 | | | | | | 2 | | | | | | | | 24 | | | | | | 3 | | | |
Commercial lease financing | | | 7 | | | | | | 3 | | | | | | | | 14 | | | | | | 15 | | | |
Commercial – foreign | | | 4 | | | | | | 4 | | | | | | | | 13 | | | | | | 22 | | | |
Total commercial recoveries | | | 65 | | | | | | 34 | | | | | | | | 154 | | | | | | 126 | | | |
Total recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off | | | 435 | | | | | | 341 | | | | | | | | 1,274 | | | | | | 1,070 | | | |
Net charge-offs | | | (9,624 | ) | | | | | (4,356 | ) | | | | | | | (25,267 | ) | | | | | (10,690 | ) | | |
Provision for loan and lease losses | | | 11,658 | | | | | | 6,530 | | | | | | | | 38,357 | | | | | | 18,381 | | | |
Other(3) | | | 13 | | | | | | 1,042 | | | | | | | | (329 | ) | | | | | 1,067 | | | |
Allowance for loan and lease losses, September 30 | | $ | 35,832 | | | | | $ | 20,346 | | | | | | | $ | 35,832 | | | | | $ | 20,346 | | | |
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of the period | | | 1,992 | | | | | | 507 | | | | | | | | 421 | | | | | | 518 | | | |
Provision for unfunded lending commitments | | | 47 | | | | | | (80 | ) | | | | | | | 103 | | | | | | (91 | ) | | |
Other(4) | | | (472 | ) | | | | | - | | | | | | | | 1,043 | | | | | | - | | | |
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, September 30 | | | 1,567 | | | | | | 427 | | | | | | | | 1,567 | | | | | | 427 | | | |
Allowance for credit losses, September 30 | | $ | 37,399 | | | | | $ | 20,773 | | | | | | | $ | 37,399 | | | | | $ | 20,773 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans and leases outstanding at September 30(5) | | $ | 908,069 | | | | $ | 937,293 | | | | | | $ | 908,069 | | | | $ | 937,293 | | |
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding at September 30(5, 6) | | | 3.95 | | % | | | 2.17 | | % | | | | | 3.95 | | % | | | 2.17 | | % |
Consumer allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total consumer loans and leases outstanding at September 30(6) | | | 4.62 | | | | | 2.40 | | | | | | | 4.62 | | | | | 2.40 | | |
Commercial allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total commercial loans and leases outstanding at September 30(5, 6) | | | 2.76 | | | | | 1.76 | | | | | | | 2.76 | | | | | 1.76 | | |
Average loans and leases outstanding for the period ending September 30(5, 6) | | $ | 923,446 | | | | $ | 942,346 | | | | | | $ | 956,004 | | | | $ | 895,853 | | |
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding at September 30(5, 6) | | | 4.13 | | % | | | 1.84 | | % | | | | | 3.53 | | % | | | 1.59 | | % |
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases at September 30(5, 6) | | | 112 | | | | | 173 | | | | | | | 112 | | | | | 173 | | |
Ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses at September 30 to net charge-offs(6) | | | 0.94 | | | | | 1.17 | | | | | | | 1.06 | | | | | 1.42 | | |
| (1) | Includes small business commercial – domestic charge-offs of $814 million and $2.2 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $537 million and $1.4 billion for the same periods in 2008. |
| (2) | Includes small business commercial – domestic recoveries of $18 million and $44 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $10 million and $31 million for the same periods in 2008. |
| (3) | For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, amount includes a $750 million reduction in the allowance for loan and lease losses related to credit card loans of $8.5 billion which were exchanged for a $7.8 billion held-to-maturity debt security that was issued by the Corporation’s U.S. Credit Card Securitization Trust and retained by the Corporation. This reduction was partially offset by a $340 million increase associated with the reclassification to other assets of the December 31, 2008 amount expected to be reimbursed under residential mortgage cash collateralized synthetic securitizations. |
| (4) | For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, this amount represents the fair value of the acquired Merrill Lynch unfunded lending commitments excluding those accounted for under the fair value option, net of accretion and the impact of funding previously unfunded positions. |
| (5) | Outstanding loan and lease balances and ratios do not include loans measured at fair value under the fair value option at September 30, 2009 and 2008. Loans measured at fair value were $6.2 billion and $5.4 billion at September 30, 2009 and 2008. Average loans measured at fair value were $6.8 billion and $7.3 billion during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $4.6 billion and $4.7 billion for the same periods in 2008. |
| (6) | For more information on the impact of purchased impaired loans on asset quality, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management beginning on page 160 and Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management beginning on page 175. |
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For reporting purposes, we allocate the allowance for credit losses across products. However, the allowance is available to absorb any credit losses without restriction. The following table presents our allocation by product type.
Table 44
Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses by Product Type
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 | | | | | | December 31, 2008 | | |
(Dollars in millions) | | Amount | | Percent of Total | | | | Percent of Loans and Leases Outstanding (1) | | | | | | Amount | | Percent of Total | | | | Percent of Loans and Leases Outstanding (1) | | |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Residential mortgage | | $ | 4,461 | | 12.45 | | % | | 1.87 | | % | | | | $ | 1,382 | | 5.99 | | % | | 0.56 | | % |
Home equity | | | 9,719 | | 27.12 | | | | 6.39 | | | | | | | 5,385 | | 23.34 | | | | 3.53 | | |
Discontinued real estate | | | 1,016 | | 2.84 | | | | 6.57 | | | | | | | 658 | | 2.85 | | | | 3.29 | | |
Credit card – domestic | | | 5,182 | | 14.46 | | | | 10.53 | | | | | | | 3,947 | | 17.11 | | | | 6.16 | | |
Credit card – foreign | | | 1,328 | | 3.71 | | | | 6.33 | | | | | | | 742 | | 3.22 | | | | 4.33 | | |
Direct/Indirect consumer | | | 4,811 | | 13.43 | | | | 4.89 | | | | | | | 4,341 | | 18.81 | | | | 5.20 | | |
Other consumer | | | 205 | | 0.57 | | | | 6.27 | | | | | | | 203 | | 0.88 | | | | 5.87 | | |
Total consumer | | | 26,722 | | 74.58 | | | | 4.62 | | | | | | | 16,658 | | 72.20 | | | | 2.83 | | |
Commercial – domestic(2) | | | 5,385 | | 15.03 | | | | 2.59 | | | | | | | 4,339 | | 18.81 | | | | 1.98 | | |
Commercial real estate | | | 3,007 | | 8.39 | | | | 4.14 | | | | | | | 1,465 | | 6.35 | | | | 2.26 | | |
Commercial lease financing | | | 255 | | 0.71 | | | | 1.16 | | | | | | | 223 | | 0.97 | | | | 1.00 | | |
Commercial – foreign | | | 463 | | 1.29 | | | | 1.68 | | | | | | | 386 | | 1.67 | | | | 1.25 | | |
Total commercial(3) | | | 9,110 | | 25.42 | | | | 2.76 | | | | | | | 6,413 | | 27.80 | | | | 1.90 | | |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | | | 35,832 | | 100.00 | | % | | 3.95 | | | | | | | 23,071 | | 100.00 | | % | | 2.49 | | |
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments(4) | | | 1,567 | | | | | | | | | | | | | 421 | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for credit losses | | $ | 37,399 | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 23,492 | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | Ratios are calculated as allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of loans and leases outstanding excluding loans measured in accordance with the fair value option for each loan and lease category. Loans measured at fair value include commercial – domestic loans of $4.0 billion and $3.5 billion, commercial – foreign loans of $2.1 billion and $1.7 billion, and commercial real estate loans of $98 million and $203 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
| (2) | Includes allowance for small business commercial – domestic loans of $2.7 billion and $2.4 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
| (3) | Includes allowance for loan and lease losses for impaired commercial loans of $1.3 billion and $691 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
| (4) | Amounts for the periods beginning January 1, 2009 include the Merrill Lynch acquisition. The majority of the increase from December 31, 2008 relates to the fair value of the acquired Merrill Lynch unfunded lending commitments, excluding commitments accounted for under the fair value option. |
Market risk is the risk that values of assets and liabilities or revenues will be adversely affected by changes in market conditions such as market movements. This risk is inherent in the financial instruments associated with our operations and/or activities including loans, deposits, securities, short-term borrowings, long-term debt, trading account assets and liabilities, and derivatives. Market-sensitive assets and liabilities are generated through loans and deposits associated with our traditional banking business, customer and proprietary trading operations, the ALM process, credit risk mitigation activities and mortgage banking activities. In the event of market volatility, factors such as underlying market movements and liquidity have an impact on the results of the Corporation. More detailed information on our market risk management process is included on pages 67 through 75 of the MD&A filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
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Trading-related revenues represent the amount earned from trading positions, including market-based net interest income, which are taken in a diverse range of financial instruments and markets. Trading account assets and liabilities and derivative positions are reported at fair value. For more information on fair value, seeNote 16 – Fair Value Disclosures to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Trading-related revenues can be volatile and are largely driven by general market conditions and customer demand. Trading-related revenues are dependent on the volume and type of transactions, the level of risk assumed, and the volatility of price and rate movements at any given time within the ever-changing market environment.
The GRC, chaired by the Global Markets Risk Executive, has been designated by ALMRC as the primary governance authority for Global Markets Risk Management including trading risk management. The GRC’s focus is to take a forward-looking view of the primary credit and market risks impactingGlobal Markets and prioritize those that need a proactive risk mitigation strategy.
At the GRC meetings, the committee considers significant daily revenues and losses by business along with an explanation of the primary driver of the revenue or loss. Thresholds are established for each of our businesses in order to determine if the revenue or loss is considered to be significant for that business. If any of the thresholds are exceeded, an explanation of the variance is made to the GRC. The thresholds are developed in coordination with the respective risk managers to highlight those revenues or losses which exceed what is considered to be normal daily income statement volatility.
The following histogram is a graphic depiction of trading volatility and illustrates the daily level of trading-related revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2009 as compared with the three months ended June 30, 2009 and March 31, 2009. During the three months ended September 30, 2009, positive trading-related revenue was recorded for 88 percent of the trading days of which 75 percent were daily trading gains of over $25 million, two percent of the trading days had losses greater than $25 million, and the largest loss was $79 million. This can be compared to the three months ended June 30, 2009, where positive trading-related revenue was recorded for 84 percent of the trading days of which 73 percent were daily trading gains of over $25 million, eight percent of the trading days had losses greater than $25 million, and the largest loss was $100 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2009, positive trading-related revenue was recorded for 93 percent of the trading days of which 82 percent were daily trading gains of over $25 million, five percent of the trading days had losses greater than $25 million, and the largest loss was $81 million.
To evaluate risk in our trading activities, we focus on the actual and potential volatility of individual positions as well as portfolios. VAR is a key statistic used to measure market risk. In order to manage day-to-day risks, VAR is subject to
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trading limits both for our overall trading portfolio and within individual businesses. All limit excesses are communicated to management for review.
A VAR model simulates the value of a portfolio under a range of hypothetical scenarios in order to generate a distribution of potential gains and losses. The VAR represents the worst loss the portfolio is expected to experience based on historical trends with a given level of confidence. VAR depends on the volatility of the positions in the portfolio and on how strongly their risks are correlated. Within any VAR model, there are significant and numerous assumptions that will differ from company to company. In addition, the accuracy of a VAR model depends on the availability and quality of historical data for each of the positions in the portfolio. A VAR model may require additional modeling assumptions for new products which do not have extensive historical price data or for illiquid positions for which accurate daily prices are not consistently available. Our VAR model uses a historical simulation approach based on three years of historical data and assumes a 99 percent confidence level. Statistically, this means that losses will exceed VAR, on average, one out of 100 trading days, or two to three times each year.
A VAR model is an effective tool in estimating ranges of potential gains and losses on our trading portfolios. There are however many limitations inherent in a VAR model as it utilizes historical results over a defined time period to estimate future performance. Historical results may not always be indicative of future results and changes in market conditions or in the composition of the underlying portfolio could have a material impact on the accuracy of the VAR model. To ensure that the VAR model reflects current market conditions, we update the historical data underlying our VAR model on a bi-weekly basis and regularly review the assumptions underlying the model.
Due to the limitations mentioned above, we have historically used the VAR model as only one of the components in managing our trading risk and also use other techniques such as stress testing and desk level limits. Periods of extreme market stress influence the reliability of these techniques to various degrees.
The accuracy of the VAR methodology is reviewed by backtesting (i.e., comparing actual results against expectations derived from historical data) the VAR results against the daily profit and loss. Graphic representation of the backtesting results with additional explanation of backtesting excesses are reported to the GRC. Backtesting excesses occur when trading losses exceed the VAR. Senior management reviews and evaluates the results of these tests.
The following graph shows daily trading-related revenue and VAR for the twelve months ended September 30, 2009. Actual losses did not exceed daily trading VAR in the twelve months ended September 30, 2009. Actual losses exceeded daily trading VAR six times in the twelve months ended September 30, 2008.
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The following table presents average, high and low daily trading VAR for the three months ended September 30, 2009, June 30, 2009, and September 30, 2008, as well as average daily trading VAR for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.
Table 45
Trading Activities Market Risk VAR
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | Three Months Ended June 30, 2009 | | Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 | | Nine Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in millions) | | Average | | High (1) | | Low (1) | | Average | | High (1) | | Low (1) | | Average | | High (1) | | Low (1) | | 2009 Average | | 2008 Average |
Foreign exchange | | $ | 17.0 | | $ | 30.8 | | $ | 6.1 | | $ | 9.5 | | $ | 13.2 | | $ | 6.8 | | $ | 7.6 | | $ | 10.4 | | $ | 5.6 | | $ | 14.0 | | $ | 7.4 |
Interest rate | | | 80.6 | | | 136.7 | | | 49.1 | | | 62.9 | | | 82.0 | | | 43.6 | | | 22.2 | | | 42.9 | | | 15.1 | | | 70.7 | | | 26.9 |
Credit | | | 145.9 | | | 191.5 | | | 123.9 | | | 163.7 | | | 241.9 | | | 124.8 | | | 76.2 | | | 92.2 | | | 54.1 | | | 182.9 | | | 70.6 |
Real estate/mortgage | | | 47.4 | | | 61.6 | | | 36.4 | | | 42.1 | | | 54.2 | | | 32.4 | | | 17.4 | | | 31.5 | | | 12.8 | | | 46.9 | | | 20.4 |
Equities | | | 47.7 | | | 74.4 | | | 30.8 | | | 35.1 | | | 54.2 | | | 23.6 | | | 22.5 | | | 31.6 | | | 15.5 | | | 39.8 | | | 24.6 |
Commodities | | | 19.4 | | | 26.3 | | | 16.7 | | | 20.6 | | | 25.6 | | | 16.9 | | | 8.5 | | | 17.7 | | | 4.3 | | | 20.0 | | | 9.7 |
Portfolio diversification | | | (198.6) | | | - | | | - | | | (166.2) | | | - | | | - | | | (59.8) | | | - | | | - | | | (184.5) | | | (68.8) |
Total market-based trading portfolio(2) | | $ | 159.4 | | $ | 225.1 | | $ | 117.9 | | $ | 167.7 | | $ | 212.3 | | $ | 126.5 | | $ | 94.6 | | $ | 122.6 | | $ | 77.1 | | $ | 189.8 | | $ | 90.8 |
| (1) | The high and low for the total portfolio may not equal the sum of the individual components as the highs or lows of the individual portfolios may have occurred on different trading days. |
| (2) | The table above does not include credit protection purchased to manage our counterparty credit risk. |
The decrease in average VAR during the third quarter of 2009 resulted from narrower credit spreads. Portfolio diversification increased in the third quarter as a result of reduced concentration in the credit risk component relative to other risk components. In periods of market stress, the GRC members communicate daily to discuss losses and VAR limit excesses. As a result of this process, the lines of business may selectively reduce risk. Where economically feasible, positions are sold or macroeconomic hedges are executed to reduce the exposure.
Counterparty credit risk is an adjustment to the mark-to-market value of our derivative exposures reflecting the impact of the credit quality of counterparties on our derivative assets. Since counterparty credit exposure is not included in the VAR component of the regulatory capital allocation, we do not include it in our trading VAR, and it is therefore not included in the daily trading-related revenue illustrated in our histogram and used for backtesting.
Trading Portfolio Stress Testing
Because the very nature of a VAR model suggests results can exceed our estimates, we also “stress test” our portfolio. Stress testing estimates the value change in our trading portfolio that may result from abnormal market movements. Various types of stress tests are run regularly against the overall trading portfolio and individual businesses. Historical scenarios simulate the impact of price changes which occurred during a set of extended historical market events. Additionally, hypothetical scenarios provide simulations of anticipated shocks from predefined market stress events. These stress events include shocks to underlying market risk variables which may be well beyond the shocks found in the historical data used to calculate the VAR. In addition to the value afforded by the results themselves, this information provides senior management with a clear picture of the trend of risk being taken given the relatively static nature of the shocks applied. As a result of the acquisition of Merrill Lynch, we are extending the legacy Bank of America stress testing capabilities to the positions maintained on the legacy Merrill Lynch platform. We are also reviewing our scenarios to ensure that they fully capture the material risks of the post-acquisition business and that they reflect recent market experience. Our efforts to fully integrate legacy Bank of America and legacy Merrill Lynch stress testing and scenario processes remain on track and are expected to be completed by year-end.
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|
Interest Rate Risk Management for Nontrading Activities |
Interest rate risk represents the most significant market risk exposure to our nontrading exposures. Our overall goal is to manage interest rate risk so that movements in interest rates do not adversely affect core net interest income – managed basis. Interest rate risk is measured as the potential volatility in our core net interest income – managed basis caused by changes in market interest rates. Client facing activities, primarily lending and deposit-taking, create interest rate sensitive positions on our balance sheet. Interest rate risk from these activities, as well as the impact of changing market conditions, is managed through our ALM activities.
Simulations are used to estimate the impact on core net interest income – managed basis using numerous interest rate scenarios, balance sheet trends and strategies. These simulations evaluate how these scenarios impact core net interest income – managed basis on short-term financial instruments, debt securities, loans, deposits, borrowings, and derivative instruments. In addition, these simulations incorporate assumptions about balance sheet dynamics such as loan and deposit growth and pricing, changes in funding mix, and asset and liability repricing and maturity characteristics. These simulations do not include the impact of hedge ineffectiveness.
Management analyzes core net interest income – managed basis forecasts utilizing different rate scenarios, with the base case utilizing the forward interest rates. Management frequently updates the core net interest income – managed basis forecast for changing assumptions and differing outlooks based on economic trends and market conditions. Thus, we continually monitor our balance sheet position in an effort to maintain an acceptable level of exposure to interest rate changes.
We prepare forward-looking forecasts of core net interest income – managed basis. These baseline forecasts take into consideration expected future business growth, ALM positioning, and the direction of interest rate movements as implied by forward interest rates. We then measure and evaluate the impact that alternative interest rate scenarios have on these static baseline forecasts in order to assess interest rate sensitivity under varied conditions. The spot and 12-month forward monthly rates used in our respective baseline forecasts at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 were as follows:
Table 46
Forward Rates
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 |
| | Federal Funds | | Three- Month LIBOR | | 10-Year Swap | | Federal Funds | | Three- Month LIBOR | | 10-Year Swap |
Spot rates | | 0.25 % | | 0.29 % | | 3.46 % | | 0.25 % | | 1.43 % | | 2.56 % |
12-month forward rates | | 1.00 | | 1.36 | | 3.88 | | 0.75 | | 1.41 | | 2.80 |
For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the spread between the spot three-month LIBOR rate and the Federal Funds target rate narrowed. We are typically asset sensitive to Federal Funds and Prime rates, and liability sensitive to LIBOR. Net interest income benefits as the spread between Federal Funds and LIBOR narrows.
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The following table reflects the pre-tax dollar impact to forecasted core net interest income – managed basis over the next 12 months from September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, resulting from a 100 bp gradual parallel increase, a 100 bp gradual parallel decrease, a 100 bp gradual curve flattening (increase in short-term rates or decrease in long-term rates) and a 100 bp gradual curve steepening (decrease in short-term rates or increase in long-term rates) from the forward market curve. For further discussion of core net interest income – managed basis see page 109.
Table 47
Estimated Core Net Interest Income – Managed Basis at Risk
| | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in millions) Curve Change | | Short Rate (bps) | | Long Rate (bps) | | September 30 2009 | | December 31 2008 |
+100 bps Parallel shift | | +100 | | +100 | | $ | 719 | | $ | 144 |
| | | | |
-100 bps Parallel shift | | -100 | | -100 | | | (1,179) | | | (186) |
| | | | |
Flatteners | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Short end | | +100 | | - | | | 300 | | | (545) |
| | | | |
Long end | | - | | -100 | | | (594) | | | (638) |
| | | | |
Steepeners | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Short end | | -100 | | - | | | (622) | | | 453 |
| | | | |
Long end | | - | | +100 | | | 402 | | | 698 |
The sensitivity analysis above assumes that we take no action in response to these rate shifts over the indicated periods. The estimated exposure is reported on a managed basis and reflects impacts that may be realized primarily in net interest income and card income on the Consolidated Statement of Income. This sensitivity analysis excludes any impact that could occur in the valuation of retained interests in the Corporation’s securitizations due to changes in interest rate levels. For additional information on securitizations, seeNote 8 – Securitizations to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Our core net interest income – managed basis was asset sensitive to a parallel move in interest rates at both September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Beyond what is already implied in the forward market curve, the interest rate risk position has become more exposed to declining rates since December 31, 2008 driven by the earlier deleveraging of the ALM portfolio and the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. As part of our ALM activities, we use securities, residential mortgages, and interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives in managing interest rate sensitivity.
Securities
The securities portfolio is an integral part of our ALM position and is primarily comprised of debt securities and includes mortgage-backed securities and to a lesser extent corporate, municipal and other investment grade debt securities. As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, AFS debt securities were $247.2 billion and $276.9 billion. This decrease was due to the earlier deleveraging of our ALM portfolio through the sale of mortgage-backed securities partially offset by the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. During the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, we purchased AFS debt securities of $38.7 billion and $26.9 billion, sold $43.8 billion and $20.2 billion, and had maturities and received paydowns of $15.5 billion and $6.1 billion. We realized $1.6 billion and $10 million in gains on sales of debt securities during the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. In addition, we securitized $6.2 billion and $2.3 billion of residential mortgage loans into mortgage-backed securities which we initially retained during the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, we purchased AFS debt securities of $82.4 billion and $109.2 billion, sold $119.1 billion and $68.8 billion, and had maturities and received paydowns of $47.2 billion and $18.8 billion. We realized $3.7 billion and $362 million in gains on sales of debt securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. In addition, we securitized $11.6 billion and $23.4 billion of residential mortgage loans into mortgage-backed securities which we initially retained during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.
Accumulated OCI includes $1.0 billion in after-tax gains at September 30, 2009, including $596 million of net unrealized losses related to AFS debt securities and $1.6 billion of net unrealized gains related to AFS marketable equity securities. Total market value of the AFS debt securities was $247.2 billion at September 30, 2009 with a weighted average duration of 4.3 years and primarily relates to our mortgage-backed securities portfolio.
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The amount of pre-tax accumulated OCI loss related to AFS debt securities decreased by $4.6 billion and $8.3 billion during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. For those securities that are in an unrealized loss position, we have the intent and ability to hold these securities to recovery and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the securities prior to recovery.
We recognized $797 million and $2.2 billion of other-than-temporary impairment losses through earnings on AFS debt securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $922 million and $2.0 billion for the same periods in 2008. We also recognized $326 million of other-than-temporary impairment losses on AFS marketable equity securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $388 million for the same period in 2008. During the three months ended September 30, 2008, we recognized $374 million of other-than-temporary impairment losses on AFS marketable equity securities. No such losses were recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2009.
The impairment of AFS debt and marketable equity securities is based on a variety of factors, including the length of time and extent to which the market value has been less than cost; the financial condition of the issuer of the security and its ability to recover market value; and the Corporation’s intent and ability to hold the security to recovery. Based on the Corporation’s evaluation of the above and other relevant factors, and after consideration of the losses described in the paragraph above, we do not believe that the AFS debt and marketable equity securities that are in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2009 are other-than-temporarily impaired.
We adopted new accounting guidance related to the recognition of other-than-temporary impairment charges on debt securities as of January 1, 2009. As prescribed by the new guidance, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, we recognized the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment of debt securities in earnings and the non-credit component in OCI for those securities which the Corporation does not intend to sell and it is more likely than not that the Corporation will not be required to sell the security prior to recovery. For more information on the adoption of the new guidance, seeNote 5 – Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Residential Mortgage Portfolio
At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, residential mortgages were $238.9 billion and $248.1 billion. We retained $8.4 billion and $3.4 billion in first mortgages originated byHome Loans & Insurance during the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. We securitized $6.2 billion and $2.3 billion of residential mortgage loans into mortgage-backed securities which we initially retained during the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. We had no purchases of residential mortgages related to ALM activities during the three months ended September 30, 2009, compared to purchases of $110 million during the same period in 2008. We sold $17 million of residential mortgages during the three months ended September 30, 2009 of which $14 million were originated residential mortgages and $3 million were previously purchased from third parties. This compares to sales of $1.3 billion during the three months ended September 30, 2008 which were comprised of $1.2 billion in originated residential mortgages and $132 million mortgages previously purchased from third parties. These sales resulted in gains of $29 million. We received paydowns of $11.5 billion and $5.1 billion during the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.
We retained $21.2 billion and $24.9 billion in first mortgages originated byHome Loans & Insurance during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. We securitized $11.6 billion and $23.4 billion of residential mortgage loans into mortgage-backed securities which we initially retained during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. We had no purchases of residential mortgages related to ALM activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2009, compared to purchases of $393 million during the same period in 2008. We sold $5.8 billion of residential mortgages during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 of which $5.1 billion were originated residential mortgages and $651 million were previously purchased from third parties. These sales resulted in gains of $46 million. This compares to sales of $24.5 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, which were comprised of $21.1 billion in originated residential mortgages and $3.4 billion mortgages previously purchased from third parties. These sales resulted in gains of $430 million. We received paydowns of $34.1 billion and $21.8 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.
The discontinued real estate portfolio that was acquired in connection with Countrywide had a balance of $15.5 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to $20.0 billion at December 31, 2008 and was incorporated into our ALM activities.
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Interest Rate and Foreign Exchange Derivative Contracts
Interest rate and foreign exchange derivative contracts are utilized in our ALM activities and serve as an efficient tool to mitigate our interest rate and foreign exchange risk. We use derivatives to hedge the variability in cash flows or changes in fair value on our balance sheet due to interest rate and foreign exchange components. For additional information on our hedging activities, seeNote 4 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Our interest rate contracts are generally non-leveraged generic interest rate and foreign exchange basis swaps, options, futures, and forwards. In addition, we use foreign exchange contracts, including cross-currency interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts, to mitigate the foreign exchange risk associated with foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities. Table 48 reflects the notional amounts, fair value, weighted-average receive fixed and pay fixed rates, expected maturity, and estimated duration of our open ALM derivatives at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. These amounts do not include our derivative hedges on our net investments in consolidated foreign operations and MSRs.
Changes to the composition of our derivatives portfolio during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 reflect actions taken for interest rate and foreign exchange rate risk management. The decisions to reposition our derivatives portfolio are based upon the current assessment of economic and financial conditions including the interest rate environment, balance sheet composition and trends, and the relative mix of our cash and derivative positions. The notional amount of our option positions increased from $5.0 billion at December 31, 2008 to $13.2 billion at September 30, 2009. Changes in the levels of the option positions were driven by swaptions acquired as a result of the Merrill Lynch acquisition. Our interest rate swap positions (including foreign exchange contracts) were a net receive fixed position of $86.9 billion at September 30, 2009 compared to a net receive fixed position of $50.3 billion at December 31, 2008. Changes in the notional levels of our interest rate swap position were driven by the net addition of $87.1 billion in U.S. dollar-denominated receive fixed swaps, $75.5 billion in pay fixed swaps and the net addition of $24.9 billion in foreign-denominated receive fixed swaps. The notional amount of our foreign exchange basis swaps was $118.1 billion and $54.6 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. The $51.2 billion increase in same-currency basis swap positions was primarily due to the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. Our futures and forwards net notional position, which reflects the net of long and short positions, was $(27.5) billion compared to $(8.8) billion at December 31, 2008 driven by increased activity in certain hedging strategies.
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The following table includes derivatives utilized in our ALM activities including those designated as accounting and economic hedging instruments. The fair value of net ALM contracts increased $8.8 billion from a gain of $6.4 billion at December 31, 2008 to a gain of $15.2 billion at September 30, 2009. The increase was primarily attributable to changes in the value of U.S. dollar-denominated receive fixed interest rate swaps of $4.3 billion, foreign exchange contracts of $2.8 billion, foreign exchange basis swaps of $2.2 billion, same-currency basis swaps of $101 million and option products of $83 million. The increase was partially offset by a loss from changes in the value of pay fixed interest rate swaps of $514 million, and futures and forward rate contracts of $151 million.
Table 48
Asset and Liability Management Interest Rate and Foreign Exchange Contracts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
September 30, 2009 | | | | | Expected Maturity | | | |
(Dollars in millions, average estimated duration in years) | | Fair Value | | | Total | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | Thereafter | | | Average Estimated Duration |
| | | | | | | | | |
Receive fixed interest rate swaps(1, 2) | | $ | 6,366 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4.50 |
Notional amount | | | | | | $ | 114,305 | | | $ | 274 | | | $ | 20,665 | | | $ | 2,177 | | | $ | 35,476 | | | $ | 7,358 | | | $ | 48,355 | | | |
Weighted-average fixed rate | | | | | | | 3.57 | % | | | 4.69 | % | | | 1.74 | % | | | 2.66 | % | | | 2.42 | % | | | 4.07 | % | | | 5.16 | % | | |
Pay fixed interest rate swaps(1) | | | (514 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3.74 |
Notional amount | | | | | | $ | 75,465 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 2,500 | | | $ | 50,810 | | | $ | 633 | | | $ | 806 | | | $ | 20,716 | | | |
Weighted-average fixed rate | | | | | | | 2.72 | % | | | - | % | | | 1.82 | % | | | 2.37 | % | | | 1.91 | % | | | 3.77 | % | | | 3.66 | % | | |
Same-currency basis swaps(3) | | | 101 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Notional amount | | | | | | $ | 51,202 | | | $ | 3,668 | | | $ | 4,603 | | | $ | 8,661 | | | $ | 16,384 | | | $ | 7,671 | | | $ | 10,215 | | | |
Foreign exchange basis swaps(2, 4, 5) | | | 5,414 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Notional amount | | | | | | | 118,095 | | | | 2,413 | | | | 8,030 | | | | 10,994 | | | | 15,840 | | | | 15,918 | | | | 64,900 | | | |
Option products(6) | | | 83 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Notional amount | | | | | | | 13,239 | | | | 5,024 | | | | 654 | | | | 1,831 | | | | 1,742 | | | | 224 | | | | 3,764 | | | |
Foreign exchange contracts(2, 5, 7) | | | 3,853 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Notional amount(8) | | | | | | | 46,942 | | | | (4,651 | ) | | | 10,508 | | | | 3,361 | | | | 4,032 | | | | 6,947 | | | | 26,745 | | | |
Futures and forward rate contracts | | | (93 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Notional amount(8) | | | | | | | (27,541 | ) | | | (27,541 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | |
Net ALM contracts | | $ | 15,210 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Expected Maturity | | | |
(Dollars in millions, average estimated duration in years) | | Fair Value | | | Total | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | Thereafter | | | Average Estimated Duration |
| | | | | | | | | |
Receive fixed interest rate swaps(1, 2) | | $ | 2,103 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4.93 |
Notional amount | | | | | | $ | 27,166 | | | $ | 17 | | | $ | 4,002 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 9,258 | | | $ | 773 | | | $ | 13,116 | | | |
Weighted-average fixed rate | | | | | | | 4.08 | % | | | 7.35 | % | | | 1.89 | % | | | - | % | | | 3.31 | % | | | 4.53 | % | | | 5.27 | % | | |
Foreign exchange basis swaps(2, 4, 5) | | | 3,196 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Notional amount | | | | | | $ | 54,569 | | | $ | 4,578 | | | $ | 6,192 | | | $ | 3,986 | | | $ | 8,916 | | | $ | 4,819 | | | $ | 26,078 | | | |
Option products(6) | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Notional amount | | | | | | | 5,025 | | | | 5,000 | | | | 22 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 3 | | | |
Foreign exchange contracts(2, 5, 7) | | | 1,070 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Notional amount(8) | | | | | | | 23,063 | | | | 2,313 | | | | 4,021 | | | | 1,116 | | | | 1,535 | | | | 486 | | | | 13,592 | | | |
Futures and forward rate contracts | | | 58 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Notional amount(8) | | | | | | | (8,793 | ) | | | (8,793 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | |
Net ALM contracts | | $ | 6,427 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | At September 30, 2009, the receive fixed interest rate swap notional that represented forward starting swaps that will not be effective until their respective contractual start dates was $2.5 billion and the forward starting pay fixed swap positions was $58.3 billion. There were no forward starting pay or receive fixed swap positions at December 31, 2008. |
| (2) | Does not include basis adjustments on fixed rate debt issued by the Corporation and hedged under fair value hedge relationships pursuant to derivatives designated as hedging instruments that substantially offset the fair values of these derivatives. |
| (3) | At September 30, 2009, same-currency basis swaps consist of $51.2 billion in both foreign and U.S. dollar-denominated basis swaps in which both sides of the swap are in the same currency. There were no same-currency basis swaps at December 31, 2008. |
| (4) | Foreign exchange basis swaps consist of cross-currency variable interest rate swaps used separately or in conjunction with receive fixed interest rate swaps. |
| (5) | Does not include foreign currency translation adjustments on certain foreign debt issued by the Corporation which substantially offset the fair values of these derivatives. |
| (6) | Option products of $13.2 billion at September 30, 2009 are comprised of $5.0 billion in purchased caps and $8.2 billion in swaptions. Option products of $5.0 billion at December 31, 2008 are purchased caps. |
| (7) | Foreign exchange contracts include foreign-denominated and cross-currency receive fixed interest rate swaps as well as foreign currency forward rate contracts. Total notional was comprised of $48.0 billion in foreign-denominated and cross-currency receive fixed swaps reduced by $1.1 billion in foreign currency forward rate contracts at September 30, 2009, and $23.1 billion in foreign-denominated and cross-currency receive fixed swaps reduced by $78 million in foreign currency forward rate contracts at December 31, 2008. |
| (8) | Reflects the net of long and short positions. |
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The Corporation uses interest rate derivative instruments to hedge the variability in the cash flows of its assets and liabilities, and other forecasted transactions (cash flow hedges). From time to time, the Corporation also utilizes equity-indexed derivatives accounted for as derivatives designated as cash flow hedge relationships to minimize exposure to price fluctuations on the forecasted purchase or sale of certain equity investments. The net losses on both open and terminated derivative instruments recorded in accumulated OCI, net-of-tax, were $2.7 billion and $3.5 billion at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. These net losses are expected to be reclassified into earnings in the same period when the hedged cash flows affect earnings and will decrease income or increase expense on the respective hedged cash flows. Assuming no change in open cash flow derivative hedge positions and no changes to prices or interest rates beyond what is implied in forward yield curves at September 30, 2009, the pre-tax net losses are expected to be reclassified into earnings as follows: $577 million, or 13 percent within the next year, 65 percent within five years, and 88 percent within 10 years, with the remaining 12 percent thereafter. For more information on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, seeNote 4 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In addition to the derivatives disclosed in Table 48 above, we hedge our net investment in consolidated foreign operations determined to have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar using forward foreign exchange contracts that typically settle in 90 days, cross currency basis swaps and by issuing foreign-denominated debt. The Corporation recorded after-tax losses from derivatives and foreign denominated debt in accumulated OCI associated with net investment hedges which was offset by after-tax unrealized gains in accumulated OCI associated for changes in the value of our net investments in consolidated foreign entities for the nine months ended September 30, 2009.
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Mortgage Banking Risk Management |
We originate, fund and service mortgage loans which subjects us to credit, liquidity and interest rate risks, among others. We determine whether loans will be held for investment or held for sale at the time of commitment and manage credit and liquidity risks by selling or securitizing a portion of the loans we originate.
Interest rate and market risk can be substantial in the mortgage business. Fluctuations in interest rates drive consumer demand for new mortgages and the level of refinancing activity, which in turn affects total origination and servicing fee income. Typically, a decline in mortgage interest rates will lead to an increase in mortgage originations and fees and a decrease in the value of the MSRs driven by higher prepayment expectations. Hedging the various sources of interest rate risk in mortgage banking is a complex process that requires complex modeling and ongoing monitoring. IRLCs and the related residential first mortgage LHFS are subject to interest rate risk between the date of the IRLC and the date the loans are sold to the secondary market. To hedge interest rate risk, we utilize forward loan sale commitments and other derivative instruments including purchased options. These instruments are used as economic hedges of IRLCs and residential first mortgage LHFS. At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the notional amount of derivatives economically hedging the IRLCs and residential first mortgage LHFS was $155.3 billion and $97.2 billion.
MSRs are a nonfinancial asset created when the underlying mortgage loan is sold to investors and we retain the right to service the loan. We use certain derivatives such as interest rate options, interest rate swaps, forward settlement contracts, euro dollar futures, mortgage-backed and U.S. Treasury securities as economic hedges of MSRs. The notional amounts of the derivative contracts and other securities designated as economic hedges of MSRs at September 30, 2009 were $1.4 trillion and $57.3 billion, for a total notional amount of $1.5 trillion. At December 31, 2008, the notional amounts of the derivative contracts and other securities designated as economic hedges of MSRs were $1.0 trillion and $87.5 billion, for a total notional amount of $1.1 trillion. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, we recorded gains (losses) in mortgage banking income of $1.3 billion and $(1.9) billion related to the change in fair value of these economic hedges compared to gains of $831 million and $539 million for the same periods in 2008. For additional information on MSRs, seeNote 18 – Mortgage Servicing Rights to the Consolidated Financial Statements and for more information on mortgage banking income, see theHome Loans & Insurance discussion beginning on page 120.
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Operational Risk Management |
Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, systems or external events. Operational risk also encompasses the failure to implement strategic objectives and initiatives in a successful, timely, and cost-effective manner. Successful operational risk management is particularly important to diversified financial services companies because of the nature, volume and complexity of the financial services business.
With regards to the Merrill Lynch acquisition, we continue to integrate our operational risk management strategies, policies, practices, controls and monitoring tools.
For additional information on Operational Risk Management see Compliance and Operational Risk Management on page 75 of the MD&A filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
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In December 2007, the American Securitization Forum (ASF) issued the Streamlined Foreclosure and Loss Avoidance Framework for Securitized Adjustable Rate Mortgage Loans (the ASF Framework). The ASF Framework was developed to address large numbers of subprime loans that are at risk of default when the loans reset from their initial fixed interest rates to variable rates. The objective of the framework is to provide uniform guidelines for evaluating large numbers of loans for refinancing in an efficient manner while complying with the relevant tax regulations and off-balance sheet accounting standards for loan securitizations. The ASF Framework targets loans that were originated between January 1, 2005 and July 31, 2007 and have an initial fixed interest rate period of 36 months or less, which are scheduled for their first interest rate reset between January 1, 2008 and July 31, 2010. For more information regarding the ASF Framework, please refer to the ASF Framework discussion beginning on page 76 in the MD&A filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
As of September 30, 2009, the principal balance of beneficial interests issued by the QSPEs that hold subprime ARMs totaled $72.9 billion and the fair value of beneficial interests related to those QSPEs held by the Corporation totaled $10 million. The following table presents a summary of loans in QSPEs that hold subprime ARMs as of September 30, 2009 as well as workout and payoff activity for the subprime loans by ASF categorization for the nine months ended September 30, 2009.
Table 49
QSPE Loans Subject to ASF Framework Evaluation
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 | | | | Activity During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 |
(Dollars in millions) | | Balance | | Percent | | | | Payoffs | | Fast-track Modifications | | Other Workout Activities | | Foreclosures |
Segment 1 | | $ | 5,017 | | 6.9 | | % | | $ | 381 | | $ | - | | $ | 559 | | $ | 30 |
Segment 2 | | | 8,300 | | 11.4 | | | | | 118 | | | 26 | | | 1,310 | | | 65 |
Segment 3 | | | 18,873 | | 25.9 | | | | | 467 | | | 6 | | | 3,312 | | | 2,419 |
Total subprime ARMs | | | 32,190 | | 44.2 | | | | | 966 | | | 32 | | | 5,181 | | | 2,514 |
Other loans | | | 39,088 | | 53.6 | | | | | 983 | | | 174 | | | 4,035 | | | 1,651 |
Foreclosed properties | | | 1,619 | | 2.2 | | | | | n/a | | | n/a | | | n/a | | | n/a |
Total | | $ | 72,897 | | 100.0 | | % | | $ | 1,949 | | $ | 206 | | $ | 9,216 | | $ | 4,165 |
n/a = not applicable |
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Complex Accounting Estimates |
Our significant accounting principles, as described inNote 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009, are essential in understanding the MD&A. Many of our significant accounting principles require complex judgments to estimate values of assets and liabilities. We have procedures and processes to facilitate making these judgments. The balance of our financial assets and liabilities has significantly increased with the acquisition of Merrill Lynch. As such, we have included the discussion below. We have also provided information on our goodwill and intangible assets as we continue impairment testing as of September 30, 2009. Other complex accounting estimates are summarized in Complex Accounting Estimates on pages 76 through 80 of the MD&A filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
We determine the fair market values of financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy established under applicable GAAP, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. We carry certain corporate loans and loan commitments, LHFS, reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements, securities borrowed transactions, long-term deposits, and certain structured notes at fair value in accordance with the fair value option. We also carry trading account assets and liabilities, derivative assets and liabilities, AFS debt and marketable equity securities, MSRs, and certain other assets at fair value. For more information, seeNote 16 – Fair Value Disclosures to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The values of assets and liabilities recorded at fair value include adjustments for market liquidity, credit quality and other deal specific factors, where appropriate. To ensure the prudent application of estimates and management judgment in determining the fair value of these assets and liabilities, various processes and controls have been adopted, which include: a
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model validation policy that requires a review and approval of quantitative models used for deal pricing, financial statement fair value determination and risk quantification; a trading product valuation policy that requires verification of all traded product valuations; and a periodic review and substantiation of daily profit and loss reporting for all traded products. Primarily through validation controls, we utilize both broker and pricing service inputs, which can and do include both market observable and internally modeled values and/or value inputs. Our reliance on the receipt of this information is tempered by the knowledge of how the broker and/or pricing service develops its data, with a higher reliance being applied to those that are more directly observable and lesser reliance being applied on those developed through their own internal modeling. Similarly, broker quotes that are executable are given a higher level of reliance than indicative broker quotes, which are not executable. These processes and controls are performed independently of the business.
Trading account assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value, which is primarily based on actively traded markets where prices are based on either direct market quotes or observed transactions. Liquidity is a significant factor in the determination of the fair value of trading account assets or liabilities. Market price quotes may not be readily available for some positions, or positions within a market sector where trading activity has slowed significantly or ceased. Situations of illiquidity generally are triggered by the market’s perception of credit uncertainty regarding a single company or a specific market sector. In these instances, fair value is determined based on limited available market information and other factors, principally from reviewing the issuer’s financial statements and changes in credit ratings made by one or more rating agencies. At September 30, 2009, $27.2 billion, or 13 percent, of trading account assets was classified as Level 3 fair value assets and $411 million, or less than one percent, of trading account liabilities was classified as Level 3 fair value liabilities.
The fair values of derivative assets and liabilities traded in the over-the-counter market are determined using quantitative models that require the use of multiple market inputs including interest rates, prices, and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves and volatility factors, which are used to value the position. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third party pricing services. Estimation risk is greater for derivative asset and liability positions that are either option-based or have longer maturity dates where observable market inputs are less readily available or are unobservable, in which case, quantitative-based extrapolations of rate, price or index scenarios are used in determining fair values. The Corporation does incorporate, consistent with the requirements per GAAP, within its fair value measurements of over-the-counter derivatives the net credit differential between the counterparty credit risk and our own credit risk. The value of the credit differential is determined by reference to existing direct market reference costs of credit, or where direct references are not available, a proxy is applied consistent with direct references for other counterparties that are similar in credit risk. An estimate of severity of loss is also used within the determination of fair value, primarily based on historical experience, adjusted for any more recent name specific expectations.
At September 30, 2009, the Level 3 fair values of derivative assets and liabilities determined by these quantitative models were $28.7 billion and $20.1 billion. These amounts reflect the full fair value of the derivatives and do not isolate the discrete value associated with the subjective valuation variables. Further, they both represented less than two percent of derivative assets and liabilities, before the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, there were no changes to the quantitative models, or uses of such models, that resulted in a material adjustment to the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Trading account profits (losses), which represent the net amount earned from our trading positions, can be volatile and are largely driven by general market conditions and customer demand. Trading account profits (losses) are dependent on the volume and type of transactions, the level of risk assumed, and the volatility of price and rate movements at any given time within the ever-changing market environment. To evaluate risk in our trading activities, we focus on the actual and potential volatility of individual positions as well as portfolios. At a portfolio and corporate level, we use trading limits, stress testing and tools such as VAR modeling, which estimates a potential daily loss which is not expected to be exceeded with a specified confidence level, to measure and manage market risk. At September 30, 2009, the amount of our VAR was $200 million based on a 99 percent confidence level. For more information on VAR, see Trading Risk Management beginning on page 196.
AFS debt and marketable equity securities are recorded at fair value, which is generally based on quoted market prices, market prices for similar assets, cash flow analysis or pricing services.
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Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The nature of and accounting for goodwill and intangible assets are discussed in detail inNote 10 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets as well asNote 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009. Goodwill is reviewed for potential impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis which for the Corporation is performed as of June 30 or in interim periods if events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment. As reporting units are determined after an acquisition or evolve with changes in business strategy, goodwill is assigned and it no longer retains its association with a particular acquisition. All of the revenue streams and related activities of a reporting unit, whether acquired or organic, are available to support the value of the goodwill. As discussed in more detail inNote 19 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Corporation changed its basis of presentation from three segments to six segments effective January 1, 2009 in connection with the Merrill Lynch acquisition. As a result, the reporting units utilized for goodwill impairment tests are the business segment or, where appropriate, one level below the business segments.
Under applicable accounting standards, goodwill impairment analysis is a two-step test. The first step of the goodwill impairment test involves comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is considered not impaired; however, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step must be performed. The second step involves calculating an implied fair value of goodwill for each reporting unit for which the first step indicated possible impairment. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination, which is the excess of the fair value of the reporting unit, as determined in the first step, over the aggregate fair values of the individual assets, liabilities and identifiable intangibles as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination. We estimated the fair values of the assets and liabilities of a reporting unit, consistent with the requirements of the fair value measurements accounting standard, which defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The adjustments to measure the assets, liabilities and intangibles at fair value are for the purpose of measuring the implied fair value of goodwill and such adjustments are not reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. If the implied fair value of goodwill exceeds the goodwill assigned to the reporting unit, there is no impairment. If the goodwill assigned to a reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess. An impairment loss recognized cannot exceed the amount of goodwill assigned to a reporting unit, and the loss establishes a new basis in the goodwill. Subsequent reversal of goodwill impairment losses is not permitted under applicable accounting standards.
For intangible assets subject to amortization, impairment exists when the carrying amount of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the intangible asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount of the intangible asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from it. An intangible asset subject to amortization is tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as a significant or adverse change in the business climate that could affect the value of the intangible asset, indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded to the extent the carrying amount of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value. There were no material intangible asset impairments during the nine months ended September 30, 2009.
The Corporation’s common stock price, consistent with common stock prices in the financial services industry, has been more volatile the past 12 months primarily due to the deterioration in the financial markets as the overall economy moved into a recession, the negative economic outlook and the increased risk of government intervention. During this period, our market capitalization remained below our recorded book value. The fair value of all reporting units as of the June 30, 2009 annual impairment test was estimated to be $262.8 billion and the common stock market capitalization of the Corporation as of that date was $114.2 billion ($146.4 billion at September 30, 2009). The implied control premium, the amount a buyer is willing to pay over the current market price of a publicly traded stock to obtain control, was 52 percent after taking into consideration the outstanding preferred stock of $58.7 billion as of June 30, 2009. As none of our reporting units are publicly traded, individual reporting unit fair value determinations are not directly correlated to the Corporation’s stock price. Although we believe it is reasonable to conclude that market capitalization could be an indicator of fair value over time, we do not believe that recent fluctuations in our market capitalization as a result of the market dislocation are reflective of actual cash flows and the fair value of our individual reporting units.
Estimating the fair value of reporting units is a subjective process that involves the use of estimates and judgments, particularly related to cash flows, the appropriate discount rates and an applicable control premium. The fair values of the reporting units were determined using a combination of valuation techniques consistent with the market approach and the income approach and included the use of independent valuation specialists. The fair values of the intangible assets were determined using the income approach.
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The market approach we used estimates the fair value of the individual reporting units by incorporating any combination of the tangible capital, book capital and earnings multiples from comparable publicly traded companies in similar industries of the reporting unit. The relative weight assigned to these multiples varies among the reporting units based upon qualitative and quantitative characteristics, primarily the size and relative profitability of the respective reporting unit as compared to the comparable publicly traded companies. Since the fair values determined under the market approach are representative of a noncontrolling interest, a control premium was added to arrive at the reporting units’ fair values on a controlling basis.
For purposes of the income approach, discounted cash flows were calculated by taking the net present value of estimated cash flows using a combination of historical results, estimated future cash flows and an appropriate terminal value. Our discounted cash flow analysis employs a capital asset pricing model in estimating the discount rate (i.e., cost of equity financing) for each reporting unit. The inputs to this model include the risk-free rate of return, beta, a measure of the level of non-diversifiable risk associated with comparable companies for each specific reporting unit, market equity risk premium and in certain cases an unsystematic (company-specific) risk factor. The unsystematic risk factor is the input that specifically addresses uncertainty related to our projections of earnings and growth, including the uncertainty related to loss expectations. We utilized discount rates that we believe adequately reflect the risk and uncertainty in the financial markets generally and specifically in our internally developed forecasts. Expected rates of equity returns were estimated based on historical market returns and risk/return rates for similar industries of the reporting unit. We use our internal forecasts to estimate future cash flows and actual results may differ from forecasted results.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2009, we completed our annual goodwill impairment test as of June 30, 2009 for all of our reporting units. In performing the first step of the annual impairment analysis, we compared the fair value of each reporting unit to its current carrying amount, including goodwill. To determine fair value, we utilized a combination of a market approach and an income approach. Under the market approach, we compared earnings and equity multiples of the individual reporting units to multiples of public companies comparable to the individual reporting units. The control premiums used in the June 30, 2009 annual impairment test ranged from 25 percent to 35 percent. Under the income approach, we updated our assumptions to reflect the current market environment. The discount rates used in the June 30, 2009 annual impairment test ranged from 11 percent to 20 percent depending on the relative risk of a reporting unit. Growth rates developed by management for each reporting unit and/or individual revenue and expense items ranged from two percent to 10 percent. For certain revenue and expense items that have been significantly affected by the current economic environment, management developed separate long-term forecasts.
Based on the results of step one of the impairment test, we determined that the carrying amount of theHome Loans & Insurance andGlobal Card Services reporting units, including goodwill, exceeded their fair value. The carrying amount of the reporting unit, fair value of the reporting unit and goodwill forHome Loans & Insurance was $16.5 billion, $14.3 billion and $4.8 billion, respectively, and forGlobal Card Services was $41.4 billion, $41.3 billion and $22.3 billion, respectively. Therefore, we performed step two of the goodwill impairment test for these reporting units as of June 30, 2009. For all other reporting units, step two was not required as their fair value exceeded their carrying value indicating there was no impairment. In step two, we compared the implied fair value of each reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. We determined the implied fair value of goodwill for a reporting unit by assigning the fair value of the reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit, including any unrecognized intangible assets, as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. Based on the results of step two of the impairment test as of June 30, 2009, we determined that no goodwill impairment existed for theHome Loans & Insurance orGlobal Card Services reporting units.
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The following table shows goodwill assigned to the individual reporting units and the fair value as a percentage of the carrying value as of our June 30, 2009 annual impairment test:
| | | | | | |
(Dollars in billions) | | Estimated Fair Value as a % of Allocated Carrying Value | | | Goodwill |
Reporting Unit | | | | | | |
Deposits | | 175.7 | % | | $ | 17.8 |
Global Card Services | | 99.7 | | | | 22.3 |
Home Loans & Insurance | | 86.6 | | | | 4.8 |
Global Markets | | 156.9 | | | | 3.3 |
Corporate and Investment Banking | | 117.9 | | | | 7.3 |
Commercial Banking | | 119.0 | | | | 20.4 |
U.S. Trust | | 112.0 | | | | 4.2 |
Merrill Lynch Global Wealth Management | | 325.8 | | | | 5.3 |
Columbia Management | | 144.0 | | | | 0.7 |
In estimating the fair value of the reporting units in step one of the goodwill impairment analysis, we note that the fair values can be sensitive to changes in the projected cash flows and assumptions. In some instances, minor changes in the assumptions could impact whether the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount. Furthermore, a prolonged decrease or increase in a particular assumption would eventually lead to the fair value of a reporting unit being less than its carrying amount. Also, to the extent step two of the goodwill analysis is required, changes in the estimated fair values of the individual assets and liabilities may impact other estimates of fair value for assets or liabilities and result in a different amount of implied goodwill, and ultimately the amount of goodwill impairment, if any.
Given the results of our annual impairment test and due to continued stress forHome Loans & Insuranceand Global Card Services as a result of current market conditions, we concluded, consistent with the first two quarters of 2009, that an additional impairment analysis should be performed for these two reporting units as of September 30, 2009. In step one of the goodwill impairment analysis, the fair value ofHome Loans & Insurance was estimated with equal weighting assigned to the market approach and the income approach. The fair value ofGlobal Card Services was estimated under the income approach. Under the market approach valuation forHome Loans & Insurance, significant assumptions were consistent with the assumptions used in our annual impairment tests as of June 30, 2009 and included market multiples and a control premium. In theGlobal Card Services’ valuation under the income approach, the significant assumptions included the discount rate, terminal value, expected loss rates and expected new account growth. Consistent with the June 30, 2009 annual impairment test bothHome Loans & InsuranceandGlobal Card Services failed step one. The carrying amount of the reporting unit, fair value of the reporting unit and goodwill forHome Loans & Insurance were $24.2 billion, $19.7 billion and $4.8 billion, respectively, and forGlobal Card Services were $40.9 billion, $39.3 billion and $22.3 billion, respectively. Under step two of the goodwill impairment analysis for both reporting units, significant assumptions in measuring the fair value of the assets and liabilities of the reporting units included discount rates, loss rates, interest rates and new account growth. Based on the results of step two of our impairment tests, no goodwill impairment was recognized during the third quarter of 2009.
If current economic conditions continue to deteriorate or other events adversely impact the business models and the related assumptions including discount rates, loss rates, interest rates and new account growth used to value these reporting units, there could be a change in the valuation of our goodwill and intangible assets and may possibly result in the recognition of impairment losses. With any assumption change, when a prolonged change in performance causes the fair value of the reporting unit to fall below the carrying amount of goodwill, goodwill impairment will occur.
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Asset-Backed Commercial Paper Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility (AMLF)– A lending program created by the Federal Reserve on September 19, 2008 that provides nonrecourse loans to U.S. financial institutions for the purchase of U.S. dollar-denominated high-quality asset-backed commercial paper from money market mutual funds under certain conditions. This program is intended to assist money market funds that hold such paper in meeting demands for redemptions by investors and to foster liquidity in the asset-backed commercial paper market and money markets more generally. Financial institutions generally will bear no credit risk associated with commercial paper purchased under the AMLF.
Assets in Custody – Consist largely of custodial and non-discretionary trust assets administered for customers excluding brokerage assets. Trust assets encompass a broad range of asset types including real estate, private company ownership interest, personal property and investments.
Assets Under Management (AUM)– The total market value of assets under the investment advisory and discretion ofGlobal Wealth & Investment Management which generate asset management fees based on a percentage of the assets’ market value. AUM reflects assets that are generally managed for institutional, high net-worth and retail clients and are distributed through various investment products including mutual funds, other commingled vehicles and separate accounts.
At-The-Market Offering – A form of equity issuance where an exchange-listed company incrementally sells newly issued shares into the trading market through a designated broker-dealer at prevailing market prices, rather than via a traditional underwritten offering of a fixed number of shares at a fixed price all at once.
Bridge Loan – A loan or security which is expected to be replaced by permanent financing (debt or equity securities, loan syndication or asset sales) prior to the maturity date of the loan. Bridge loans may include an unfunded commitment, as well as funded amounts, and are generally expected to be retired in one year or less.
Capital Assistance Program (CAP)– A program announced on February 25, 2009 by the U.S. Department of the Treasury to restore confidence throughout the financial system that the nation’s largest banking institutions have a sufficient capital cushion against larger than expected future losses, should they occur due to a more severe economic environment, and to support lending to creditworthy borrowers. Under this program, federal banking supervisors conduct forward-looking assessments, or stress tests, to evaluate the capital needs of the major U.S. banking institutions under a more challenging economic environment. Eligible U.S. banking institutions with assets in excess of $100 billion on a consolidated basis have been required to participate in the coordinated supervisory assessments and will have access to additional capital invested by the U.S. Treasury.
CDO-Squared – A type of CDO where the underlying collateralizing securities include tranches of other CDOs.
Client Brokerage Assets– Includes client assets which are held in brokerage accounts. This includes non-discretionary brokerage and fee-based assets which generate brokerage income and asset management fee revenue.
Committed Credit Exposure – Includes any funded portion of a facility plus the unfunded portion of a facility on which the Corporation is legally bound to advance funds during a specified period under prescribed conditions.
Core Net Interest Income - Managed Basis– Net interest income on a fully taxable-equivalent basis excluding the impact of market-based activities and certain securitizations.
Credit Default Swap (CDS) – A derivative contract that provides protection against the deterioration of credit quality and would allow one party to receive payment in the event of default by a third party under a borrowing arrangement.
Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure (CARD) Act of 2009– Legislation signed into law on May 22, 2009 to provide a number of changes to credit card practices, including restricting credit card issuers’ ability to price customers to reflect their individual risk, changing the way payments are applied to customer accounts and requiring new disclosures. The majority of the provisions in the law become effective February 2010.
Derivative – A contract or agreement whose value is derived from changes in an underlying index such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates or prices of securities. Derivatives utilized by the Corporation include swaps, financial futures and forward settlement contracts, and option contracts.
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA)– Legislation signed into law on October 3, 2008, authorizing the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury to, among other things, establish the Troubled Asset Relief Program.
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Excess Servicing Income – For certain assets that have been securitized, interest income, fee revenue and recoveries in excess of interest paid to the investors, gross credit losses and other trust expenses related to the securitized receivables are all reclassified into excess servicing income, which is a component of card income. Excess servicing income also includes the changes in fair value of the Corporation’s card related retained interests.
Financial Stability Plan– A plan announced on February 10, 2009 by the U.S. Treasury pursuant to the EESA which outlines a series of initiatives including the Capital Assistance Program (CAP); the creation of a new Public-Private Investment Program (PPIP); the expansion of the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF); the extension of the FDIC’s Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (TLGP) to October 31, 2009; the small business and community lending initiative; a broad program to stabilize the housing market by encouraging lower mortgage rates and making it easier for homeowners to refinance and avoid foreclosure; and a new framework of governance and oversight related to the use of funds of the Financial Stability Plan.
Home Equity Rapid Amortization Event – Certain events defined by the Corporation’s home equity securitizations documents, including when aggregate draws on monoline insurers’ policies (which protect the bondholders in the securitization) exceed a specified threshold. The existence of a rapid amortization event affects the flow of funds and may cause acceleration of payments to the holders of the notes.
Interest-only (IO) Strip – A residual interest in a securitization trust representing the right to receive future net cash flows from securitized assets after payments to third party investors and net credit losses. These arise when assets are transferred to a special purpose entity as part of an asset securitization transaction qualifying for sale treatment under GAAP.
Interest Rate Lock Commitments (IRLCs) – Commitment with a loan applicant in which the loan terms, including interest rate, are guaranteed for a designated period of time subject to credit approval.
Loan-to-value (LTV)– A commonly used credit quality metric that is reported in terms of ending and average loan-to-value. Ending LTV is calculated by taking the outstanding loan balance at the end of the period divided by the appraised value of the property securing the loan. Appraised values are primarily determined by utilizing the Case-Schiller Home Index, a widely used index based on data from repeat sales of single family homes. Case-Schiller Indices are updated quarterly and are reported on a three month or one quarter lag. An additional metric related to loan-to-value iscombined loan-to-value (CLTV) which is similar to the loan to value metric, yet combines the outstanding balance on the residential mortgage loan and the outstanding balance on the home equity loan or line of credit, both of which are secured by the same property, divided by the value of the property. A loan to value of 100 percent reflects a loan that is currently secured by a property valued at an amount that is exactly equal to the loan amount. Under certain circumstances, values can also be determined by utilizing an automated valuation method (AVM). An AVM is a tool that estimates the value of a property by reference to large volumes of market data including sales of comparable properties and price trends specific to the MSA in which the property being valued is located.
Letter of Credit – A document issued by the Corporation on behalf of a customer to a third party promising to pay that third party upon presentation of specified documents. A letter of credit effectively substitutes the Corporation’s credit for that of the Corporation’s customer.
Making Home Affordable Plan (MHA)– A plan announced on February 18, 2009 by the U.S. Treasury that is focused on reducing the number of foreclosures and making it easier for homeowners to refinance mortgages. The program is comprised of the Home Affordable Modification Program which provides guidelines on mortgage modifications and intends to help up to three to four million at-risk homeowners avoid foreclosure by reducing monthly mortgage payments; and the Home Affordable Refinance Program which provides guidelines for refinancing of mortgages owned or guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac and will provide incentives to lenders to modify all eligible loans that fall under the guidelines of this program.
Managed Basis– Managed basis assumes that securitized loans were not sold and presents earnings on these loans in a manner similar to the way loans that have not been sold (i.e., held loans) are presented. Noninterest income, both on a held and managed basis, also includes the impact of adjustments to the interest-only strip that are recorded in card income.
Managed Net Losses – Represents net charge-offs on held loans combined with realized credit losses associated with the securitized loan portfolio.
Mortgage Servicing Right (MSR) – The right to service a mortgage loan when the underlying loan is sold or securitized. Servicing includes collections for principal, interest and escrow payments from borrowers and accounting for and remitting principal and interest payments to investors.
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Net Interest Yield – Net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.
Option-Adjusted Spread (OAS)– The spread that is added to the discount rate so that the sum of the discounted cash flows equals the market price, thus, it is a measure of the extra yield over the reference discount factor (i.e., the forward swap curve) that a company is expected to earn by holding the asset.
Primary Dealer Credit Facility (PDCF)– A facility announced on March 16, 2008 by the Federal Reserve to provide discount window loans to primary dealers that settle on the same business day and mature on the following business day, in exchange for a specified range of eligible collateral. The rate paid on the loan is the same as the primary credit rate at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. In addition, primary dealers are subject to a frequency-based fee after they exceed 45 days of use. The frequency-based fee is based on an escalating scale and communicated to the primary dealers in advance. The PDCF will remain available to primary dealers until February 1, 2010 or longer if conditions warrant.
Purchased Impaired Portfolio– Loans acquired which showed signs of deterioration and were considered impaired. These loans were written down to fair value at the acquisition date in accordance ASC 310-30.
Qualifying Special Purpose Entity (QSPE)– A special purpose entity whose activities are strictly limited to holding and servicing financial assets and meets the requirements set forth in FASB ASC 860. A qualifying special purpose entity is generally not required to be consolidated by any party.
Return on Average Common Shareholders’ Equity (ROE) – A measure of the earnings contribution of a unit as a percentage of the shareholders’ equity allocated to that unit.
Return on Average Tangible Shareholders’ Equity (ROTE) – A measures of the earnings contribution of a unit as a percentage of the shareholders’ equity allocated to that unit reduced by allocated goodwill and intangible assets (excluding MSRs), net of related deferred tax liabilities.
Securitize / Securitization – A process by which financial assets are sold to a special purpose entity, which then issues securities collateralized by those underlying assets, and the return on the securities issued is based on the principal and interest cash flows of the underlying assets.
Small Business and Community Lending Initiative– A plan announced on March 16, 2009 by the U.S. Treasury to provide $15 billion to help increase small business owners’ access to credit. As part of the lending initiative, the U.S. Treasury intends to begin making direct purchases of certain securities backed by Small Business Administration (SBA) loans to improve liquidity in the credit markets. The program will also temporarily raise guarantees to up to 90 percent in the SBA’s loan program and temporarily eliminate certain SBA loan fees.
Structured Investment Vehicle (SIV)– An entity that issues short duration debt and uses the proceeds from the issuance to purchase longer-term fixed income securities.
Subprime Loans – Although a standard definition for subprime loans (including subprime mortgage loans) does not exist, the Corporation defines subprime loans as specific product offerings for higher risk borrowers, including individuals with one or a combination of high credit risk factors, such as low FICO scores (generally less than 620 for secured products and 660 for unsecured products), high debt to income ratios and inferior payment history.
Super Senior CDO Exposure – Represents the most senior class of commercial paper or notes that are issued by the CDO vehicles. These financial instruments benefit from the subordination of all other securities, including AAA-rated securities, issued by the CDO vehicles.
Temporary Guarantee Program for Money Market Funds– A voluntary and temporary program announced on September 19, 2008 by the U.S. Treasury which provided for a guarantee to investors that they would receive $1.00 for each money market fund share held as of September 19, 2008 in the event that a participating fund no longer had a $1.00 per share net asset value and liquidated. With respect to such shares covered by this program, the guarantee payment would have been equal to any shortfall between the amount received by an investor in a liquidation and $1.00 per share. Eligible money market mutual funds paid a fee to the U.S. Treasury to participate in this program which expired on September 18, 2009.
Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (TLGP)– A program announced on October 14, 2008 by the FDIC which is comprised of the Debt Guarantee Program (DGP) under which the FDIC has guaranteed, for a fee, all newly issued senior
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unsecured debt (e.g., promissory notes, unsubordinated unsecured notes and commercial paper) up to prescribed limits issued by participating entities through October 31, 2009, with an emergency guarantee facility available through April 30, 2010; and the Transaction Account Guarantee Program (TAGP) under which the FDIC will guarantee, for a fee, noninterest-bearing deposit accounts held at participating FDIC-insured depository institutions until June 30, 2010.
Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF) – A facility announced on November 25, 2008 by the U.S. Treasury, using its authority under the EESA under which the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is authorized to make up to $200 billion (subject to increase) of non-recourse loans to eligible borrowers secured by eligible asset-backed securities and the U.S. Treasury will provide $20 billion of TARP funds as credit protection. The TALF is intended to assist the credit markets in accommodating the credit needs of consumers and small businesses by facilitating the issuance of asset-backed securities and improving the asset-backed securities markets.
Term Auction Facility (TAF)– A temporary credit facility announced on December 12, 2007 and implemented by the Federal Reserve that allows a depository institution to place a bid for an advance from its local Federal Reserve Bank at an interest rate that is determined as the result of an auction and is aimed to help ensure that liquidity provisions can be disseminated efficiently even when the unsecured interbank markets are under stress. The TAF will typically auction term funds with 28-day or 84-day maturities and is available to all depository institutions that are judged to be in generally sound financial condition by their local Federal Reserve Bank. Additionally, all TAF credit must be fully collateralized.
Term Securities Lending Facility (TSLF)– A weekly loan facility established and announced by the Federal Reserve on March 11, 2008 to promote liquidity in U.S. Treasury and other collateral markets and foster the functioning of financial markets by offering U.S. Treasury securities held by the System Open Market Account (SOMA) for loan over a one-month term against other program-eligible general collateral. Loans will be awarded to primary dealers based on competitive bidding, subject to a minimum fee requirement. The Open Market Trading Desk of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York will auction general U.S. Treasury collateral (treasury bills, notes, bonds and inflation-indexed securities) held by SOMA for loan against all collateral currently eligible for tri-party repurchase agreements arranged by the Open Market Trading Desk and separately against collateral and investment grade corporate securities, municipal securities, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities.
Tier 1 Common Equity – Tier 1 capital, less non-common elements including qualifying perpetual preferred stock, qualifying trust preferred securities, hybrid securities and qualifying minority interest in subsidiaries.
Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)– A program established under EESA by the U.S. Treasury to, among other things, invest in financial institutions through capital infusions and purchase mortgages, mortgage-backed securities and certain other financial instruments from financial institutions, in an aggregate amount up to $700 billion, for the purpose of stabilizing and providing liquidity to the U.S. financial markets.
Troubled Debt Restructuring (TDR) – Certain nonperforming loans that have been modified where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Corporation’s loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and are not returned to performing status until six consecutive, on-time payments under the modified terms have been made by the customer.
Unrecognized Tax Benefit (UTB) – The difference between the benefit recognized for a tax position in accordance with ASC 740-10-25, which is measured as the largest dollar amount of that position that is more likely than not to be sustained upon settlement, and the tax benefit claimed on a tax return.
Value-at-Risk (VAR) – A VAR model estimates a range of hypothetical scenarios to calculate a potential loss which is not expected to be exceeded with a specified confidence level. VAR is a key statistic used to measure and manage market risk.
Variable Interest Entities (VIE) – A term defined by ASC 810-10 for an entity whose equity investors do not have a controlling financial interest. The entity may not have sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from third parties. The equity investors may lack the ability to make significant decisions about the entity’s activities, or they may not absorb the losses or receive the residual returns generated by the assets and other contractual arrangements of the VIE. The entity that will absorb a majority of expected variability (the sum of the absolute values of the expected losses and expected residual returns) consolidates the VIE and is referred to as the primary beneficiary.
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Accounting Pronouncements
The FASB ASC became effective for the Corporation for the three months ended September 30, 2009. Technical references to GAAP included in this filing are provided under the new FASB ASC structure. For more information regarding the FASB ASC seeNote 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principlesto the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Former GAAP Reference | | Former GAAP Title | | ASC Reference | | ASC Title |
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SOP 03-3 | | Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer | | ASC 310-30 | | Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality |
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SFAS 157 | | Fair Value Measurements | | ASC 820-10 | | Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures |
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SFAS 159 | | The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities | | ASC 825-10 | | Financial Instruments |
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SFAS 133 | | Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended | | ASC 815-10 | | Derivatives and Hedging |
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SFAS 52 | | Foreign Currency Translation | | ASC 830-10 | | Foreign Currency Matters |
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SFAS 109 | | Accounting for Income Taxes | | ASC 740-10 | | Income Taxes |
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SFAS 141R | | Business Combinations (revised 2007) | | ASC 805-10 | | Business Combinations |
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SFAS 149 | | Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities | | ASC 815-10-15 | | Derivatives and Hedging – Scope and Scope Exceptions |
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FIN 46R | | Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (revised December 2003) – an interpretation of ARB No. 51 | | ASC 810-10 | | Consolidation |
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FIN 48 | | Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of SFAS No. 109 | | ASC 740-10-25 | | Income Taxes – Recognition |
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FSP FAS 13-2 | | Accounting for a Change or Projected Change in the Timing of Cash Flows Relating to Income Taxes Generated by a Leveraged Lease Transaction | | ASC 840-10 | | Leases |
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SAB 109 | | Written Loan Commitments Recorded at Fair Value Through Earnings | | ASC 815-10-S99 | | Derivatives and Hedging – SEC Materials |
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FSP FAS 115-2, FAS 124-2, EITF 99-20-2 | | Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments | | ASC 320-10-65 | | Investments – Debt and Equity Securities |
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Acronyms
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ABS | | Asset-backed securities |
AFS | | Available-for-sale |
AICPA | | American Institute of Certified Public Accountants |
ALMRC | | Asset and Liability Market Risk Committee |
ALM | | Asset and liability management |
ARS | | Auction rate securities |
CDO | | Collateralized debt obligation |
CLO | | Collateralized loan obligation |
CMBS | | Commercial mortgage-backed securities |
CRC | | Credit Risk Committee |
EPS | | Earnings per common share |
ERISA | | Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 |
FASB | | Financial Accounting Standards Board |
FDIC | | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation |
FFIEC | | Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council |
FIN | | Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation |
FRB/Federal Reserve | | Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System |
FSP | | Financial Accounting Standards Board Staff Position |
FTE | | Fully taxable-equivalent |
GAAP | | Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States |
GRC | | Global Markets Risk Committee |
IPO | | Initial public offering |
LHFS | | Loans held-for-sale |
LIBOR | | London InterBank Offered Rate |
MD&A | | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
OCC | | Office of the Comptroller of the Currency |
OCI | | Other comprehensive income |
OTS | | Office of Thrift Supervision |
RMBS | | Residential mortgage-backed securities |
SBA | | Small Business Administration |
SBLCs | | Standby letters of credit |
SEC | | Securities and Exchange Commission |
SFAS | | Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standards |
SOP | | American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement of Position |
SPE | | Special purpose entity |
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Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
See Market Risk Management beginning on page 195 in the MD&A and the sections referenced therein for Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
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Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report and pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act), the Corporation’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness and design of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this report, in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.
Changes in internal controls
There have been no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2009 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II. OTHER INFORMATION |
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Item 1. Legal Proceedings |
See Litigation and Regulatory Matters inNote 12 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated by reference in this Item 1, for litigation and regulatory disclosure that supplements the disclosure in Note 13 – Commitments and Contingenciesto the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009 and inNote 12 – Commitments and Contingenciesto the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2009 and June 30, 2009.
There are no material changes from the risk factors set forth under Part 1, Item1A. Risk Factors in the Corporation’s 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K, other than the addition of the following risk factor.
Recent legislative and regulatory initiatives may significantly impact the Corporation’s financial condition, operations, capital position and ability to pursue business opportunities.
The recent economic and political environment has led to legislative and regulatory initiatives, both enacted and proposed, that may significantly impact the Corporation. For example, Congress is currently considering a variety of proposals that would make far reaching changes to the financial regulatory system and significantly affect the financial services industry, including greater powers to regulate risk across the financial system; a new Financial Services Oversight Council chaired by the U.S. Treasury Secretary; a Consumer Financial Protection Agency; potential limits on the scope of federal preemption of state laws as applied to national banks; and changes in the regulatory agencies. The proposals generally call for increased scrutiny and regulation for financial firms whose combination of size, leverage, and interconnectedness could pose a threat to financial stability if they were to fail; requiring that broker-dealers who provide investment advice about securities to investors have the same fiduciary obligations as registered investment advisers; new requirements for the securitization market; and comprehensive regulation of large participants in the over-the-counter derivatives markets.
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Many of the legislative and regulatory initiatives if enacted would directly affect our relationships with our customers and clients. For example, the Federal Reserve is expected to propose amendments under the Electronic Funds Transfer Act (i.e., Regulation E) that would change, among other things, the way banks charge overdraft services and fees. In addition, on May 22, 2009, President Obama signed into law the Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure (CARD) Act of 2009 that calls for many changes to credit card industry practices, including significantly restricting banks’ ability to change interest rates and assess fees to reflect individual consumer risk, changing the way payments are applied and requiring changes to consumer credit card disclosures. The Federal Reserve is in the process of publishing rules that will clarify and implement a number of the provisions in this legislation. Recently, the Corporation announced that it will not increase interest rates on consumer credit accounts in response to provisions in the CARD Act prior to its effective date, unless a customer’s account falls past due or is based on a variable interest rate. Complying with these initiatives, as well as amendments related to Federal Reserve regulations, will require the Corporation to invest significant management attention and resources to make the necessary disclosure and systems changes, and there is no assurance that such changes will not have an adverse affect on our businesses or their results of operations. For more information on these and other initiatives, please refer to the Regulatory Initiatives discussion beginning on page 95 in MD&A.
The Corporation continues to discuss with federal regulators the potential repayment of the $45 billion in TARP funds invested in the Corporation. Until the Corporation repays the TARP funds, it is subject to additional regulatory scrutiny including compensation of certain associates as established under TARP guidelines, especially as a recipient of exceptional assistance. These compensation changes may adversely impact the Corporation’s ability to recruit, retain and motivate key associates. The additional regulatory scrutiny also may continue to significantly impact the Corporation’s ability to, among other things, increase dividends to common shareholders.
Current regulatory initiatives may change certain capital levels that financial institutions are required to maintain. For example, as a result of the Corporation’s periodic enterprise-wide stress testing it may be required to raise additional capital based on projected economic conditions. Also, on September 15, 2009, joint regulatory agencies (e.g., the U.S. Treasury, Federal Reserve and FDIC) issued a proposal eliminating the exclusion of certain asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) program assets from risk-weighted assets and providing a reservation of authority to permit the agencies to require banks to treat structures that are not consolidated under the accounting standards as if they were consolidated for risk-based capital purposes. This proposal is meant to align risk-based capital requirements with the expected impact of adoption of SFAS 166 and SFAS 167 on capital levels. The Corporation is evaluating the impact that these initiatives may have on capital levels. For more information on the estimated impact of adoption of SFAS 166 and SFAS 167 see page 155.
The risks noted above create significant uncertainty for the Corporation and the financial services industry in general. There can be no assurance as to whether or when any of the parts of the Administration’s plan or other proposals will be enacted, and if adopted, what the final initiatives will be. The legislative and regulatory initiatives could require us to change certain of our business practices, impose additional costs on us, limit the products that we offer, result in a significant loss of revenue, limit our ability to pursue business opportunities, cause business disruptions, impact the value of assets that we hold or otherwise adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. The long-term impact of these initiatives on our business practices and revenues will depend upon the successful implementation of our strategies, consumer behavior, and competitors’ responses to such initiatives, all of which are difficult to predict.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
The table below presents share repurchase activity for the three months ended September 30, 2009. Under the terms of the issuance of the Corporation’s preferred stock and warrants to purchase common stock to the U.S. Treasury under the TARP Capital Purchase Program and Targeted Investment Program, for so long as any of such preferred stock remains outstanding, the Corporation is prohibited from increasing the current quarterly dividend rate on its common stock and from repurchasing the Corporation’s trust preferred securities or equity securities, including its common stock (except for repurchases of common stock in connection with benefit plans consistent with past practice), without the U.S. Treasury’s consent, until January 2012 or until the U.S. Treasury has transferred all such preferred stock to third parties.
The primary source of funds for cash distributions by the Corporation to its shareholders is dividends received from its banking subsidiaries. Each of the banking subsidiaries is subject to various regulatory policies and requirements relating to the payment of dividends, including requirements to maintain capital above regulatory minimums. All of the Corporation’s preferred stock outstanding has preference over the Corporation’s common stock with respect to the payment of dividends.
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(Dollars in millions, except per share information; shares in thousands) | | Common Shares Repurchased(1) | | Weighted- average Per Share Price | | Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs | | Remaining Buyback Authority (2) |
| | | | Amounts | | Shares |
July 1-30, 2009 | | 643 | | $ | 13.93 | | - | | $ | 3,750 | | 75,000 |
August 1-31, 2009 | | 467 | | | 14.17 | | - | | | 3,750 | | 75,000 |
September 1-30, 2009 | | 55 | | | 15.66 | | - | | | 3,750 | | 75,000 |
Three months ended September 30, 2009 | | 1,165 | | | 14.11 | | | | | | | |
(1) | Consists of shares of the Corporation’s common stock purchased by participants under certain retirement plans and shares acquired by the Corporation in connection with satisfaction of tax withholding obligations on vested restricted stock or restricted stock units and certain forfeitures and terminations of employment related to awards under equity incentive plans, as permitted under the TARP. |
(2) | On July 23, 2008, the Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to 75 million shares of the Corporation’s common stock at an aggregate cost not to exceed $3.75 billion and for 12 to 18 months. There were no share repurchases under this program during the three months ended September 30, 2009. |
The Corporation did not have any unregistered sales of its equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2009.
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Exhibit 3(a) | | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, as in effect on the date hereof, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(a) of the Registrant’s 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K (the 2008 10-K) |
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Exhibit 3(b) | | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, as in effect on the date hereof, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(b) of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009 |
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Exhibit 10(a) | | Bank of America 401(k) Restoration Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2009 |
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Exhibit 10(b) | | Form of Directors Stock Plan Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Nonemployee Chairman |
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Exhibit 11 | | Earnings Per Share Computation - included inNote 13 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
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Exhibit 12 | | Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges |
| | Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Preferred Dividends |
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Exhibit 31(a) | | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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Exhibit 31(b) | | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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Exhibit 32(a) | | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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Exhibit 32(b) | | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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Exhibit 101.INS | | XBRL Instance Document |
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Exhibit 101.SCH | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
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Exhibit 101.CAL | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
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Exhibit 101.LAB | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
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Exhibit 101.PRE | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
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Exhibit 101.DEF | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document |
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
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| | | | Bank of America Corporation | | |
| | | | Registrant | | |
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Date:November 6, 2009 | | | | /s/ Neil A. Cotty | | | | |
| | | | Neil A. Cotty | | |
| | | | Chief Accounting Officer | | |
| | | | (Duly Authorized Officer) | | |
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Bank of America Corporation
Form 10-Q
Index to Exhibits
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Exhibit | | Description |
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Exhibit 3(a) | | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, as in effect on the date hereof, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(a) of the Registrant’s 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K (the 2008 10-K) |
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Exhibit 3(b) | | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, as in effect on the date hereof, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(b) of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009 |
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Exhibit 10(a) | | Bank of America 401(k) Restoration Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2009 |
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Exhibit 10(b) | | Form of Directors Stock Plan Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Nonemployee Chairman |
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Exhibit 11 | | Earnings Per Share Computation - included inNote 13 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
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Exhibit 12 | | Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges |
| | Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Preferred Dividends |
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Exhibit 31(a) | | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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Exhibit 31(b) | | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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Exhibit 32(a) | | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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Exhibit 32(b) | | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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Exhibit 101.INS | | XBRL Instance Document |
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Exhibit 101.SCH | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
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Exhibit 101.CAL | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
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Exhibit 101.LAB | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
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Exhibit 101.PRE | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
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Exhibit 101.DEF | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document |
221