LOANS AND LEASES | LOANS AND LEASES First Financial offers clients a variety of commercial and consumer loan and lease products with distinct interest rates and payment terms. Commercial loan categories include C&I, CRE, construction real estate and lease financing. Consumer loan categories include residential real estate, home equity, installment and credit card. Lending activities are primarily concentrated in states where the Bank operates banking centers (Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky and Illinois). First Financial also offers two nationwide lending platforms, one that provides equipment and leasehold improvement financing for franchisees in the quick service and casual dining restaurant sector and another that provides loans primarily to insurance agents and brokers that are secured by commissions and cash collateral. Credit Quality. To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality for commercial loans, and for purposes of determining an appropriate ALLL, First Financial utilizes the following categories of credit grades: Pass - Higher quality loans that do not fit any of the other categories described below. Special Mention - First Financial assigns a special mention rating to loans and leases with potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease or in First Financial's credit position at some future date. Substandard - First Financial assigns a substandard rating to loans or leases that are inadequately protected by the current sound financial worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans and leases have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize repayment of the debt. Substandard loans and leases are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not addressed. Doubtful - First Financial assigns a doubtful rating to loans and leases with all the attributes of a substandard rating with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the credit quality of the loan or lease, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans. The credit grades previously described are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions and are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter. First Financial considers repayment performance to be the best indicator of credit quality for consumer loans. Consumer loans that have principal and interest payments that are past due by 90 days or more are generally classified as nonperforming. Additionally, consumer loans that have been modified in a TDR are classified as nonperforming. Purchased impaired loans are not classified as nonperforming as the loans are considered to be performing under FASB ASC Topic 310-30. Commercial and consumer credit exposure by risk attribute was as follows: As of September 30, 2018 Commercial Real Estate Lease (Dollars in thousands) & industrial Construction Commercial financing Total Pass $ 2,335,925 $ 552,973 $ 3,757,627 $ 92,551 $ 6,739,076 Special Mention 39,060 12,094 49,463 0 100,617 Substandard 51,605 10 61,053 2,766 115,434 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 2,426,590 $ 565,077 $ 3,868,143 $ 95,317 $ 6,955,127 (Dollars in thousands) Residential real estate Home equity Installment Credit card Total Performing $ 919,440 $ 809,653 $ 97,097 $ 45,741 $ 1,871,931 Nonperforming 13,522 6,480 316 0 20,318 Total $ 932,962 $ 816,133 $ 97,413 $ 45,741 $ 1,892,249 As of December 31, 2017 Commercial Real Estate Lease (Dollars in thousands) & industrial Construction Commercial financing Total Pass $ 1,882,464 $ 467,687 $ 2,446,999 $ 88,078 $ 4,885,228 Special Mention 6,226 0 4,436 0 10,662 Substandard 24,053 43 38,656 1,269 64,021 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 1,912,743 $ 467,730 $ 2,490,091 $ 89,347 $ 4,959,911 (Dollars in thousands) Residential real estate Home equity Installment Credit card Total Performing $ 463,459 $ 489,148 $ 41,331 $ 46,691 $ 1,040,629 Nonperforming 7,932 4,456 255 0 12,643 Total $ 471,391 $ 493,604 $ 41,586 $ 46,691 $ 1,053,272 Delinquency. Loans are considered past due or delinquent when the contractual principal or interest due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement remains unpaid after the date of the scheduled payment. Loan delinquency, including loans classified as nonaccrual, was as follows: As of September 30, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) 30 – 59 60 – 89 > 90 days Total Current Subtotal Purchased impaired Total > 90 days Loans Commercial & industrial $ 1,991 $ 1,613 $ 2,662 $ 6,266 $ 2,414,484 $ 2,420,750 $ 5,840 $ 2,426,590 $ 0 Lease financing 0 0 0 0 95,317 95,317 0 95,317 0 Construction real estate 283 0 0 283 564,535 564,818 259 565,077 0 Commercial real estate 4,513 407 16,296 21,216 3,789,238 3,810,454 57,689 3,868,143 0 Residential real estate 2,796 1,828 2,825 7,449 888,367 895,816 37,146 932,962 0 Home equity 3,435 1,336 3,153 7,924 804,670 812,594 3,539 816,133 0 Installment 201 21 282 504 96,360 96,864 549 97,413 0 Credit card 301 179 144 624 45,117 45,741 0 45,741 144 Total $ 13,520 $ 5,384 $ 25,362 $ 44,266 $ 8,698,088 $ 8,742,354 $ 105,022 $ 8,847,376 $ 144 As of December 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) 30 – 59 60 – 89 > 90 days Total Current Subtotal Purchased impaired Total > 90 days Loans Commercial & industrial $ 755 $ 1,657 $ 5,078 $ 7,490 $ 1,901,821 $ 1,909,311 $ 3,432 $ 1,912,743 $ 0 Lease financing 485 0 0 485 88,862 89,347 0 89,347 0 Construction real estate 234 0 0 234 467,216 467,450 280 467,730 0 Commercial real estate 1,716 201 8,777 10,694 2,419,969 2,430,663 59,428 2,490,091 0 Residential real estate 526 811 1,992 3,329 430,500 433,829 37,562 471,391 0 Home equity 2,716 394 1,753 4,863 485,127 489,990 3,614 493,604 0 Installment 179 29 205 413 40,529 40,942 644 41,586 0 Credit card 285 87 62 434 46,257 46,691 0 46,691 62 Total $ 6,896 $ 3,179 $ 17,867 $ 27,942 $ 5,880,281 $ 5,908,223 $ 104,960 $ 6,013,183 $ 62 Nonaccrual. Loans are classified as nonaccrual when, in the opinion of management, collection of principal or interest is doubtful or when principal or interest payments are 90 days or more past due. Generally, loans are classified as nonaccrual due to the continued failure by the borrower to adhere to contractual payment terms, coupled with other pertinent factors. When a loan is classified as nonaccrual, the accrual of interest income is discontinued and previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed. Any payments received while a loan is on nonaccrual status are applied as a reduction to the carrying value of the loan. A loan classified as nonaccrual may return to accrual status if collection of future principal and interest payments is no longer doubtful. Purchased impaired loans are classified as performing, even though they may be contractually past due, as any nonpayment of contractual principal or interest is considered in the periodic re-estimation of expected cash flows and is included in the resulting recognition of current period provision for loan and lease losses or prospective yield adjustments. Troubled Debt Restructurings. A loan modification is considered a TDR when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and concessions are made by the Company that would not otherwise be considered for a borrower with similar credit characteristics. The most common types of modifications include interest rate reductions, maturity extensions and modifications to principal amortization, including interest-only structures. Modified terms are dependent upon the financial position and needs of the individual borrower. If the modification agreement is violated, the loan is managed by the Company’s credit administration group for resolution, which may result in foreclosure in the case of real estate. TDRs are generally classified as nonaccrual for a minimum period of six months and may qualify for return to accrual status once they have demonstrated performance with the restructured terms of the loan agreement. First Financial had 187 TDRs totaling $25.0 million at September 30, 2018 , including $20.3 million on accrual status and $4.7 million classified as nonaccrual. First Financial had an insignificant amount of commitments outstanding to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loan terms have been modified through TDRs, and the ALLL included reserves of $2.3 million related to TDRs at September 30, 2018 . For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company charged off $0.7 million and $0.1 million , respectively, for the portion of TDRs determined to be uncollectible. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company charged off $0.8 million and $0.2 million , respectively, for the portion of TDRs determined to be uncollectible. Additionally, as of September 30, 2018 , $12.6 million of accruing TDRs have been performing in accordance with the restructured terms for more than one year. First Financial had 214 TDRs totaling $23.9 million at December 31, 2017 , including $17.5 million of loans on accrual status and $6.4 million classified as nonaccrual. First Financial had an insignificant amount of commitments outstanding to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loan terms had been modified through TDRs. At December 31, 2017 , the ALLL included reserves of $1.3 million related to TDRs, and $17.2 million of the accruing TDRs had been performing in accordance with the restructured terms for more than one year. The following tables provide information on loan modifications classified as TDRs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 : Three months ended September 30, 2018 September 30, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Number of loans Pre-modification loan balance Period end balance Number of loans Pre-modification loan balance Period end balance Commercial & industrial 0 $ 0 $ 0 1 $ 45 $ 37 Construction real estate 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial real estate 0 0 0 1 285 285 Residential real estate 1 148 143 6 416 315 Home equity 1 10 10 1 39 39 Installment 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 2 $ 158 $ 153 9 $ 785 $ 676 Nine months ended September 30, 2018 September 30, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Number of loans Pre-modification loan balance Period end balance Number of loans Pre-modification loan balance Period end balance Commercial & industrial 12 $ 7,149 $ 7,096 7 $ 5,724 $ 5,661 Construction real estate 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial real estate 6 2,119 2,088 7 1,791 1,734 Residential real estate 4 442 437 6 416 315 Home equity 1 10 10 1 39 39 Installment 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 23 $ 9,720 $ 9,631 21 $ 7,970 $ 7,749 The following table provides information on how TDRs were modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 : Three months ended Nine months ended September 30, September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Extended maturities $ 143 $ 0 $ 3,031 $ 3,261 Adjusted interest rates 0 0 52 2,767 Combination of rate and maturity changes 0 285 0 465 Forbearance 0 354 6,199 1,181 Other (1) 10 37 349 75 Total $ 153 $ 676 $ 9,631 $ 7,749 (1) Includes covenant modifications and other concessions, or combination of concessions, that do not consist of interest rate adjustments, forbearance and maturity extensions First Financial considers repayment performance as an indication of the effectiveness of the Company's loan modifications. Borrowers that are 90 days or more past due on any principal or interest payments, or who prematurely terminate a restructured loan agreement without paying the contractual principal balance (for example, in a deed-in-lieu arrangement), are considered to be in payment default of the terms of the TDR agreement. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , there was one TDR, insignificant in amount, for which there was a payment default during the period that occurred within twelve months of the loan modification. There were no TDRs for which there was a payment default during the period that occurred within twelve months of the loan modification for the three months ended September 30, 2018 or the three or nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 . Impaired Loans. Loans classified as nonaccrual and loans modified as TDRs are considered impaired. The following table provides information on impaired loans, excluding purchased impaired loans: (Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Impaired loans Nonaccrual loans (1) Commercial & industrial $ 4,310 $ 5,229 Lease financing 0 82 Construction real estate 10 29 Commercial real estate 20,338 10,616 Residential real estate 11,365 4,140 Home equity 6,018 3,743 Installment 327 243 Nonaccrual loans 42,368 24,082 Accruing troubled debt restructurings 20,313 17,545 Total impaired loans $ 62,681 $ 41,627 (1) Nonaccrual loans include nonaccrual TDRs of $4.7 million and $6.4 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. Three months ended Nine months ended September 30, September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Interest income effect on impaired loans Gross amount of interest that would have been recorded under original terms $ 1,192 $ 761 $ 3,126 $ 2,735 Interest included in income Nonaccrual loans 169 140 395 445 Troubled debt restructurings 187 168 500 563 Total interest included in income 356 308 895 1,008 Net impact on interest income $ 836 $ 453 $ 2,231 $ 1,727 First Financial individually reviews all impaired commercial loan relationships, as well as consumer loan TDRs, greater than $250,000 , to determine if a specific allowance is necessary based on the borrower’s overall financial condition, payment record, support from guarantors and the realizable value of any collateral. Specific allowances are based on discounted cash flows using the loan's initial effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral for certain collateral dependent loans. First Financial's investment in impaired loans was as follows: As of September 30, 2018 As of December 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Current balance Contractual principal balance Related allowance Current balance Contractual Related Loans with no related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial $ 9,209 $ 13,034 $ 0 $ 7,162 $ 8,460 $ 0 Lease financing 0 0 0 82 82 0 Construction real estate 10 27 0 29 60 0 Commercial real estate 26,722 32,706 0 18,423 20,837 0 Residential real estate 14,277 17,083 0 6,876 8,145 0 Home equity 6,554 7,337 0 4,356 5,399 0 Installment 332 639 0 255 422 0 Total 57,104 70,826 0 37,183 43,405 0 Loans with an allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 2,776 2,776 1,562 169 169 169 Lease financing 0 0 0 0 0 0 Construction real estate 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial real estate 1,668 2,322 66 3,119 3,120 448 Residential real estate 1,033 1,033 160 1,056 1,063 160 Home equity 100 100 2 100 100 2 Installment 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 5,577 6,231 1,790 4,444 4,452 779 Total Commercial & industrial 11,985 15,810 1,562 7,331 8,629 169 Lease financing 0 0 0 82 82 0 Construction real estate 10 27 0 29 60 0 Commercial real estate 28,390 35,028 66 21,542 23,957 448 Residential real estate 15,310 18,116 160 7,932 9,208 160 Home equity 6,654 7,437 2 4,456 5,499 2 Installment 332 639 0 255 422 0 Total $ 62,681 $ 77,057 $ 1,790 $ 41,627 $ 47,857 $ 779 First Financial's average impaired loans by class and interest income recognized by class was as follows: Three months ended September 30, 2018 September 30, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Average Interest Average Interest Loans with no related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial $ 10,033 $ 63 $ 13,730 $ 63 Lease financing 0 0 91 1 Construction real estate 17 0 950 0 Commercial real estate 28,689 136 23,187 147 Residential real estate 13,247 86 7,569 55 Home equity 6,463 31 3,791 26 Installment 318 1 290 1 Total 58,767 317 49,608 293 Loans with an allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 1,578 28 1,832 2 Lease financing 0 0 0 0 Construction real estate 0 0 0 0 Commercial real estate 1,012 3 652 5 Residential real estate 1,036 7 1,067 7 Home equity 100 1 101 1 Installment 0 0 0 0 Total 3,726 39 3,652 15 Total Commercial & industrial 11,611 91 15,562 65 Lease financing 0 0 91 1 Construction real estate 17 0 950 0 Commercial real estate 29,701 139 23,839 152 Residential real estate 14,283 93 8,636 62 Home equity 6,563 32 3,892 27 Installment 318 1 290 1 Total $ 62,493 $ 356 $ 53,260 $ 308 Nine months ended September 30, 2018 September 30, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Average Interest Average Interest Loans with no related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial $ 8,950 $ 162 $ 14,669 $ 259 Lease financing 21 0 120 3 Construction real estate 22 2 744 0 Commercial real estate 25,044 375 21,563 451 Residential real estate 9,875 209 7,801 147 Home equity 5,339 78 3,951 77 Installment 299 2 351 4 Total 49,550 828 49,199 941 Loans with an allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 891 34 1,463 26 Lease financing 0 0 0 0 Construction real estate 0 0 0 0 Commercial real estate 1,376 9 2,513 18 Residential real estate 1,043 21 1,126 20 Home equity 100 3 101 3 Installment 0 0 0 0 Total 3,410 67 5,203 67 Total Commercial & industrial 9,841 196 16,132 285 Lease financing 21 0 120 3 Construction real estate 22 2 744 0 Commercial real estate 26,420 384 24,076 469 Residential real estate 10,918 230 8,927 167 Home equity 5,439 81 4,052 80 Installment 299 2 351 4 Total $ 52,960 $ 895 $ 54,402 $ 1,008 Acquired loans. Acquired loans are recorded at their estimated fair value at the time of acquisition. Estimated fair values for acquired loans are based on a discounted cash flow methodology that considers various factors including the type of loan and related collateral, classification status, interest rate, term of loan, whether or not the loan was amortizing and a discount rate reflecting the Company's assessment of risk inherent in the cash flow estimates. Acquired loans are grouped together according to similar characteristics and treated in the aggregate when applying various valuation techniques. First Financial evaluates acquired loans for impairment in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. Acquired loans with evidence of credit deterioration since origination are accounted for under FASB ASC Topic 310-30 and are referred to as purchased impaired loans. Interest income, through accretion of the difference between the carrying value of the loans and the expected cash flows (accretable difference) is recognized on all purchased impaired loans. First Financial had purchased impaired loans totaling $105.0 million at September 30, 2018 , which included $18.0 million acquired in the merger with MSFG. OREO. OREO consists of properties acquired by the Company primarily through the loan foreclosure or repossession process, that results in partial or total satisfaction of problem loans. Changes in OREO were as follows: Three months ended Nine months ended September 30, September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Balance at beginning of period $ 1,853 $ 5,961 $ 2,781 $ 6,284 Additions Commercial & industrial 79 1,559 1,269 1,731 Residential real estate 739 235 1,723 2,313 Total additions 818 1,794 2,992 4,044 Disposals Commercial & industrial (181 ) (3,684 ) (2,611 ) (5,291 ) Residential real estate (117 ) (821 ) (527 ) (1,506 ) Total disposals (298 ) (4,505 ) (3,138 ) (6,797 ) Valuation adjustment Commercial & industrial (258 ) (102 ) (355 ) (264 ) Residential real estate (197 ) (32 ) (362 ) (151 ) Total valuation adjustment (455 ) (134 ) (717 ) (415 ) Balance at end of period $ 1,918 $ 3,116 $ 1,918 $ 3,116 |