LOANS AND LEASES | LOANS AND LEASES First Financial offers clients a variety of commercial and consumer loan and lease products with distinct interest rates and payment terms. Commercial loan categories include C&I, CRE, construction real estate and lease financing. Consumer loan categories include residential real estate, home equity, installment and credit card. Lending activities are primarily concentrated in states where the Bank operates banking centers (Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky and Illinois). First Financial also offers two nationwide lending platforms, one that provides equipment and leasehold improvement financing for franchisees in the quick service and casual dining restaurant sector and another that primarily provides loans that are secured by commissions and cash collateral to insurance agents and brokers. Credit Quality. To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality for commercial loans, and for purposes of determining an appropriate ALLL, First Financial utilizes the following categories of credit grades: Pass - Higher quality loans that do not fit any of the other categories described below. Special Mention - First Financial assigns a special mention rating to loans and leases with potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease or in First Financial's credit position at some future date. Substandard - First Financial assigns a substandard rating to loans or leases that are inadequately protected by the current sound financial worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans and leases have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize repayment of the debt. Substandard loans and leases are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not addressed. Doubtful - First Financial assigns a doubtful rating to loans and leases with all the attributes of a substandard rating with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the credit quality of the loan or lease, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans. The credit grades previously described are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions and are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter. First Financial considers repayment performance to be the best indicator of credit quality for consumer loans. Consumer loans that have principal and interest payments that are past due by 90 days or more are generally classified as nonperforming. Additionally, consumer loans that have been modified in a TDR are classified as nonperforming. Purchased impaired loans are not classified as nonperforming as the loans are considered to be performing under FASB ASC Topic 310-30. Commercial and consumer credit exposure by risk attribute was as follows: As of March 31, 2019 Commercial Real Estate Lease (Dollars in thousands) & industrial Construction Commercial financing Total Pass $ 2,443,488 $ 457,508 $ 3,720,197 $ 92,527 $ 6,713,720 Special Mention 36,936 0 25,935 365 63,236 Substandard 63,003 605 56,047 2,681 122,336 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 2,543,427 $ 458,113 $ 3,802,179 $ 95,573 $ 6,899,292 (Dollars in thousands) Residential real estate Home equity Installment Credit card Total Performing $ 958,185 $ 790,893 $ 90,515 $ 46,827 $ 1,886,420 Nonperforming 16,935 6,225 174 155 23,489 Total $ 975,120 $ 797,118 $ 90,689 $ 46,982 $ 1,909,909 As of December 31, 2018 Commercial Real Estate Lease (Dollars in thousands) & industrial Construction Commercial financing Total Pass $ 2,432,834 $ 548,323 $ 3,664,434 $ 90,902 $ 6,736,493 Special Mention 24,594 603 38,653 0 63,850 Substandard 57,233 9 51,594 2,513 111,349 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 2,514,661 $ 548,935 $ 3,754,681 $ 93,415 $ 6,911,692 (Dollars in thousands) Residential real estate Home equity Installment Credit card Total Performing $ 939,936 $ 811,108 $ 93,038 $ 46,382 $ 1,890,464 Nonperforming 15,710 6,174 174 0 22,058 Total $ 955,646 $ 817,282 $ 93,212 $ 46,382 $ 1,912,522 Delinquency. Loans are considered past due or delinquent when the contractual principal or interest due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement remains unpaid after the date of the scheduled payment. Loan delinquency, including loans classified as nonaccrual, was as follows: As of March 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) 30 – 59 60 – 89 > 90 days Total Current Subtotal Purchased impaired Total > 90 days Loans Commercial & industrial $ 917 $ 7,797 $ 8,255 $ 16,969 $ 2,521,040 $ 2,538,009 $ 5,418 $ 2,543,427 $ 23 Lease financing 0 0 0 0 95,573 95,573 0 95,573 0 Construction real estate 0 598 0 598 457,323 457,921 192 458,113 0 Commercial real estate 1,695 1,103 13,462 16,260 3,738,962 3,755,222 46,957 3,802,179 0 Residential real estate 3,329 1,495 4,326 9,150 933,896 943,046 32,074 975,120 0 Home equity 2,960 1,046 2,702 6,708 787,129 793,837 3,281 797,118 0 Installment 317 30 84 431 89,837 90,268 421 90,689 0 Credit card 193 206 155 554 46,428 46,982 0 46,982 155 Total $ 9,411 $ 12,275 $ 28,984 $ 50,670 $ 8,670,188 $ 8,720,858 $ 88,343 $ 8,809,201 $ 178 As of December 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) 30 – 59 60 – 89 > 90 days Total Current Subtotal Purchased impaired Total > 90 days Loans Commercial & industrial $ 13,369 $ 41 $ 7,423 $ 20,833 $ 2,488,450 $ 2,509,283 $ 5,378 $ 2,514,661 $ 0 Lease financing 352 0 0 352 93,063 93,415 0 93,415 0 Construction real estate 0 0 0 0 548,687 548,687 248 548,935 0 Commercial real estate 6,279 1,158 12,644 20,081 3,682,455 3,702,536 52,145 3,754,681 0 Residential real estate 11,060 2,976 4,535 18,571 902,404 920,975 34,671 955,646 0 Home equity 5,245 1,228 2,578 9,051 804,835 813,886 3,396 817,282 0 Installment 420 37 145 602 92,128 92,730 482 93,212 0 Credit card 541 96 63 700 45,682 46,382 0 46,382 63 Total $ 37,266 $ 5,536 $ 27,388 $ 70,190 $ 8,657,704 $ 8,727,894 $ 96,320 $ 8,824,214 $ 63 Nonaccrual. Loans are classified as nonaccrual when, in the opinion of management, collection of principal or interest is doubtful or when principal or interest payments are 90 days or more past due. Generally, loans are classified as nonaccrual due to the continued failure to adhere to contractual payment terms by the borrower, coupled with other pertinent factors. When a loan is classified as nonaccrual, the accrual of interest income is discontinued and previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed. Any payments received while a loan is on nonaccrual status are applied as a reduction to the carrying value of the loan. A loan classified as nonaccrual may return to accrual status if none of the principal and interest due and unpaid, and the Bank expects repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest. Purchased impaired loans are classified as performing, even though they may be contractually past due, as any nonpayment of contractual principal or interest is considered in the periodic re-estimation of expected cash flows and is included in the resulting recognition of current period provision for loan and lease losses or prospective yield adjustments. Troubled Debt Restructurings. A loan modification is considered a TDR when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and concessions are made by the Company that would not otherwise be considered for a borrower with similar credit characteristics. The most common types of modifications include interest rate reductions, maturity extensions and modifications to principal amortization, including interest-only structures. Modified terms are dependent upon the financial position and needs of the individual borrower. If the modification agreement is violated, the loan is managed by the Company’s credit administration group for resolution, which may result in foreclosure in the case of real estate. TDRs are generally classified as nonaccrual for a minimum period of six months and may qualify for return to accrual status once they have demonstrated performance with the restructured terms of the loan agreement. First Financial had 201 TDRs totaling $35.9 million at March 31, 2019 , including $22.8 million on accrual status and $13.1 million classified as nonaccrual. First Financial had no commitments outstanding to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loan terms have been modified through TDRs, and the ALLL included reserves of $1.4 million related to TDRs at March 31, 2019 . Additionally, as of March 31, 2019 , $7.5 million of accruing TDRs have been performing in accordance with the restructured terms for more than one year. First Financial had 196 TDRs totaling $38.5 million at December 31, 2018 , including $16.1 million of loans on accrual status and $22.4 million classified as nonaccrual. First Financial had no commitments outstanding to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loan terms had been modified through TDRs. At December 31, 2018 , the ALLL included reserves of $1.5 million related to TDRs, and $7.9 million of the accruing TDRs had been performing in accordance with the restructured terms for more than one year. The following tables provide information on loan modifications classified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 : Three months ended March 31, 2019 March 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Number of loans Pre-modification loan balance Period end balance Number of loans Pre-modification loan balance Period end balance Commercial & industrial 5 $ 7,637 $ 7,661 4 $ 928 $ 913 Construction real estate 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial real estate 6 1,323 1,232 2 72 72 Residential real estate 5 458 458 2 93 93 Home equity 1 17 17 0 0 0 Installment 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 17 $ 9,435 $ 9,368 8 $ 1,093 $ 1,078 For TDRs identified during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no chargeoffs for the portion of TDRs determined to be uncollectible. The following table provides information on how TDRs were modified during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 : Three months ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2019 2018 Extended maturities $ 2,877 $ 888 Adjusted interest rates 5,284 52 Combination of rate and maturity changes 508 0 Forbearance 557 0 Other (1) 142 138 Total $ 9,368 $ 1,078 (1) Includes covenant modifications and other concessions, or combination of concessions, that do not consist of interest rate adjustments, forbearance and maturity extensions First Financial considers repayment performance as an indication of the effectiveness of the Company's loan modifications. Borrowers that are 90 days or more past due on any principal or interest payments, or who prematurely terminate a restructured loan agreement without paying the contractual principal balance (for example, in a deed-in-lieu arrangement), are considered to be in payment default of the terms of the TDR agreement. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , there were two TDR relationships for $6.9 million , for which there was a payment default during the period that occurred within twelve months of the loan modification. There were no TDRs for which there was a payment default during the period that occurred within twelve months of the loan modification for the three months ended March 31, 2018 . Impaired Loans. Loans classified as nonaccrual and loans modified as TDRs are considered impaired. The following table provides information on impaired loans, excluding purchased impaired loans: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Impaired loans Nonaccrual loans (1) Commercial & industrial $ 19,263 $ 30,925 Lease financing 301 22 Construction real estate 7 9 Commercial real estate 21,082 20,500 Residential real estate 13,052 13,495 Home equity 5,581 5,580 Installment 170 169 Nonaccrual loans 59,456 70,700 Accruing troubled debt restructurings 22,817 16,109 Total impaired loans $ 82,273 $ 86,809 (1) Nonaccrual loans include nonaccrual TDRs of $13.1 million and $22.4 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. Three months ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2019 2018 Interest income effect on impaired loans Gross amount of interest that would have been recorded under original terms $ 1,613 $ 802 Interest included in income Nonaccrual loans 335 80 Troubled debt restructurings 236 124 Total interest included in income 571 204 Net impact on interest income $ 1,042 $ 598 First Financial individually reviews all impaired commercial loan relationships, as well as consumer loan TDRs, greater than $250,000 , to determine if a specific allowance is necessary based on the borrower’s overall financial condition, payment record, support from guarantors and the realizable value of any collateral. Specific allowances are based on discounted cash flows using the loan's initial effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral for certain collateral dependent loans. First Financial's investment in impaired loans was as follows: As of March 31, 2019 As of December 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Current balance Contractual principal balance Related allowance Current balance Contractual Related Loans with no related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial $ 30,142 $ 46,215 $ 0 $ 36,694 $ 42,561 $ 0 Lease financing 301 301 0 22 22 0 Construction real estate 8 25 0 9 26 0 Commercial real estate 22,708 29,530 0 23,513 31,375 0 Residential real estate 16,637 19,237 0 17,297 19,975 0 Home equity 6,225 7,232 0 6,351 7,461 0 Installment 174 310 0 174 563 0 Total 76,195 102,850 0 84,060 101,983 0 Loans with an allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 3,282 3,282 738 939 939 667 Lease financing 0 0 0 0 0 0 Construction real estate 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial real estate 2,498 3,579 651 1,509 1,509 461 Residential real estate 298 298 31 301 301 32 Home equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Installment 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 6,078 7,159 1,420 2,749 2,749 1,160 Total Commercial & industrial 33,424 49,497 738 37,633 43,500 667 Lease financing 301 301 0 22 22 0 Construction real estate 8 25 0 9 26 0 Commercial real estate 25,206 33,109 651 25,022 32,884 461 Residential real estate 16,935 19,535 31 17,598 20,276 32 Home equity 6,225 7,232 0 6,351 7,461 0 Installment 174 310 0 174 563 0 Total $ 82,273 $ 110,009 $ 1,420 $ 86,809 $ 104,732 $ 1,160 First Financial's average impaired loans by class and interest income recognized by class was as follows: Three months ended March 31, 2019 March 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Average Interest Average Interest Loans with no related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial $ 33,418 $ 279 $ 7,867 $ 26 Lease financing 162 0 41 0 Construction real estate 9 0 28 1 Commercial real estate 23,111 103 21,400 99 Residential real estate 16,967 86 6,503 47 Home equity 6,288 38 4,214 20 Installment 174 1 281 0 Total 80,129 507 40,334 193 Loans with an allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 2,111 43 204 0 Lease financing 0 0 0 0 Construction real estate 0 0 0 0 Commercial real estate 2,004 19 1,739 3 Residential real estate 300 2 1,051 7 Home equity 0 0 101 1 Installment 0 0 0 0 Total 4,415 64 3,095 11 Total Commercial & industrial 35,529 322 8,071 26 Lease financing 162 0 41 0 Construction real estate 9 0 28 1 Commercial real estate 25,115 122 23,139 102 Residential real estate 17,267 88 7,554 54 Home equity 6,288 38 4,315 21 Installment 174 1 281 0 Total $ 84,544 $ 571 $ 43,429 $ 204 Lease financing. The Company prospectively applied Topic 842 in the first quarter of 2019. First Financial originates both sales-type and direct financing leases, and the Company manages and reviews lease residuals in accordance with its credit policies. Sales-type lease contracts contain the ability to purchase the underlying equipment at lease maturity and profit or loss is recognized at lease commencement. Direct financing leases are generally three to five years in length and may be extended at maturity, however, early cancellation may result in a fee to the borrower. For direct financing leases, the net unearned income is deferred and amortized over the life of the lease. Income recognized in first quarter of 2019 related to the implementation of Topic 842 was insignificant. OREO. OREO consists of properties acquired by the Company primarily through the loan foreclosure or repossession process, that results in partial or total satisfaction of problem loans. Changes in OREO were as follows: Three months ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2019 2018 Balance at beginning of period $ 1,401 $ 2,781 Additions Commercial & industrial 0 170 Residential real estate 504 459 Total additions 504 629 Disposals Commercial & industrial (22 ) (2,104 ) Residential real estate (161 ) (118 ) Total disposals (183 ) (2,222 ) Valuation adjustment Commercial & industrial 0 (97 ) Residential real estate (57 ) (26 ) Total valuation adjustment (57 ) (123 ) Balance at end of period $ 1,665 $ 1,065 |