Loans | NOTE 4 – LOANS Loans by class at year end were as follows: 2022 2021 (In Thousands of Dollars) Commercial real estate Owner occupied $ 330,768 $ 340,369 Non-owner occupied 563,652 533,240 Farmland 188,850 177,706 Other 133,630 138,282 Commercial Commercial and industrial 293,643 313,836 Agricultural 58,087 54,659 Residential real estate 1-4 family residential 475,791 453,635 Home equity lines of credit 132,179 127,433 Consumer Indirect 197,125 159,006 Direct 16,421 21,121 Other 7,714 9,395 Total originated loans $ 2,397,860 $ 2,328,682 Net deferred loan costs 6,890 2,400 Allowance for credit losses ( 26,978 ) ( 29,386 ) Net loans $ 2,377,772 $ 2,301,696 Loan segments have been identified by evaluating the portfolio based on collateral and credit risk characteristics. Allowance for credit loss activity The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2020: December 31, 2022 Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Total (In Thousands of Dollars) Allowance for credit losses Beginning balance $ 15,879 $ 4,949 $ 4,870 $ 3,688 $ 29,386 Provision for credit losses ( 742 ) 1,204 ( 493 ) 281 250 Loans charged off ( 300 ) ( 2,042 ) ( 92 ) ( 870 ) ( 3,304 ) Recoveries 3 75 89 479 646 Total ending allowance balance $ 14,840 $ 4,186 $ 4,374 $ 3,578 $ 26,978 December 31, 2021 Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses Beginning balance $ 10,746 $ 5,018 $ 3,687 $ 2,693 $ 22,144 Impact of CECL adoption ( 2,137 ) 259 193 3,845 2,160 Provision for credit losses 6,226 ( 349 ) 1,121 ( 2,349 ) 4,649 PCD ACL on loans acquired 1,081 210 4 0 1,295 Loans charged off ( 70 ) ( 388 ) ( 297 ) ( 912 ) ( 1,667 ) Recoveries 33 199 162 411 805 Total ending allowance balance $ 15,879 $ 4,949 $ 4,870 $ 3,688 $ 29,386 December 31, 2020 Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance $ 6,127 $ 2,443 $ 3,032 $ 2,885 $ 14,487 Provision for loan losses 4,710 2,976 742 672 9,100 Loans charged off ( 122 ) ( 412 ) ( 172 ) ( 1,347 ) ( 2,053 ) Recoveries 31 11 85 483 610 Total ending allowance balance $ 10,746 $ 5,018 $ 3,687 $ 2,693 $ 22,144 The following table presents the recorded investment in nonaccrual and loans past due 90 days or more still on accrual by class of loans as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: 2022 2021 Nonaccrual Loans Past Due Days or More Nonaccrual Loans Past Due Days or More (In Thousands of Dollars) Commercial real estate Owner occupied $ 993 $ 0 $ 433 $ 0 Non-owner occupied 3,031 0 2,511 0 Farmland 2,183 0 274 0 Other 33 60 Commercial Commercial and industrial 3,840 50 7,190 54 Agricultural 299 0 40 0 Residential real estate 1-4 family residential 2,703 310 3,363 459 Home equity lines of credit 735 58 917 36 Consumer Indirect 313 62 455 123 Direct 179 12 227 53 Other 2 0 0 0 Total loans $ 14,311 $ 492 $ 15,470 $ 725 The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 by class of loans. December 31, 2022 30-59 60-89 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Loans Not Total (In Thousands of Dollars) Commercial real estate Owner occupied $ 159 $ 0 $ 993 $ 1,152 $ 329,305 $ 330,457 Non-owner occupied 0 0 3,031 3,031 560,013 563,044 Farmland 0 0 2,183 2,183 186,399 188,582 Other 0 0 33 33 133,288 133,321 Commercial Commercial and industrial 1,034 185 3,890 5,109 289,297 294,406 Agricultural 104 20 299 423 58,166 58,589 Residential real estate 1-4 family residential 4,247 1,775 3,013 9,035 466,313 475,348 Home equity lines of credit 115 92 793 1,000 131,209 132,209 Consumer Indirect 1,267 298 375 1,940 202,683 204,623 Direct 234 70 191 495 15,962 16,457 Other 0 5 2 7 7,707 7,714 Total loans $ 7,160 $ 2,445 $ 14,803 $ 24,408 $ 2,380,342 $ 2,404,750 December 31, 2021 30-59 60-89 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Loans Not Total Commercial real estate Owner occupied $ 70 $ 591 $ 433 $ 1,094 $ 338,880 $ 339,974 Non-owner occupied 394 311 2,511 3,216 529,490 532,706 Farmland 0 0 274 274 177,143 177,417 Other 56 0 60 116 137,878 137,994 Commercial Commercial and industrial 256 100 7,244 7,600 304,932 312,532 Agricultural 100 28 40 168 54,706 54,874 Residential real estate 1-4 family residential 4,452 1,077 3,822 9,351 443,441 452,792 Home equity lines of credit 80 12 953 1,045 126,405 127,450 Consumer Indirect 795 275 578 1,648 163,112 164,760 Direct 203 91 280 574 20,614 21,188 Other 0 0 0 0 9,395 9,395 Total loans: $ 6,406 $ 2,485 $ 16,195 $ 25,086 $ 2,305,996 $ 2,331,082 Troubled Debt Restructurings: Total troubled debt restructurings were $ 5.6 million and $ 3.9 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021 respectively. The Company allocated $ 110 thousand and $ 109 thousand of specific reserves to customers whose loan terms have been modified in troubled debt restructurings as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. There were no commitments to lend additional amounts to borrowers with loans that were classified as troubled debt restructurings at December 31, 2022 and 2021. During the years ending December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the terms of certain loans were modified as troubled debt restructurings. The modification of the terms of such loans included one, or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; an extension of an interest only period; a deferral of principal and or interest payments; a capitalization of interest and/or escrow or a legal concession. Troubled debt restructuring modifications involved a reduction of the notes stated interest rate in the range of 0.25 % to 4.075 %. There were also extensions of the maturity dates on these and other troubled debt restructurings in the range of 22 days to 361 months. T he following tables present loans by class modified as troubled debt restructurings that occurred during the years ending December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020: Pre- Post- December 31, 2022 Number of Outstanding Outstanding Troubled Debt Restructurings: Loans Investment Investment Commercial real estate Owner occupied 2 $ 717 $ 717 Commercial Commercial and industrial 2 1,245 1,241 Residential real estate 1-4 family residential 10 534 553 Home equity lines of credit 4 58 59 Indirect 10 69 69 Consumer 3 97 97 Total loans 31 $ 2,720 $ 2,736 The troubled debt restructurings described above increased the allowance for credit losses by $ 64 thousand and resulted in charge offs of $ 66 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2022. Pre- Post- December 31, 2021 Number of Outstanding Outstanding Troubled Debt Restructurings: Loans Investment Investment Commercial Commercial and industrial 4 $ 22 $ 22 Residential real estate 1-4 family residential 11 636 624 Home equity lines of credit 7 264 264 Indirect 13 124 124 Consumer 4 17 17 Total loans 39 $ 1,063 $ 1,051 The troubled debt restructurings described above increased the allowance for loan losses by $ 127 thousand and resulted in charge offs of $ 129 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2021. Pre- Post- December 31, 2020 Number of Outstanding Outstanding Troubled Debt Restructurings: Loans Investment Investment Commercial Agricultural 1 $ 21 $ 21 Residential real estate 1-4 family residential 10 401 406 Home equity lines of credit 4 100 102 Indirect 29 182 182 Consumer 1 15 15 Total originated loans 45 $ 719 $ 726 The troubled debt restructurings described above increased the allowance for loan losses by $ 65 thousand and resulted in charge offs of $ 65 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2020. Throughout 2021 and 2020 the Company offered three-month deferrals upon request by borrowers. For those borrowers in industries that were greatly impacted by COVID-19, additional deferrals were considered and granted beyond the initial three month period throughout 2021. The range of the deferred months for subsequent requests were three to twelve months . The decline in deferred loans and balances is due to borrowers not requesting additional deferments and most continued to pay under the original terms of their loan. As of March 31, 2022 and throughout 2022 there were no longer borrowers on deferment due to COVID-19 related issues. Farmers is also a preferred SBA lender and dedicated significant additional staff and other resources to help our customers complete and submit their applications and supporting documentation for loans offered under Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) under CARES Act, so they could obtain SBA approval and receive funding as quickly as possible. During the period of the PPP program, the Company facilitated PPP assistance to 2,134 business customers totaling $ 256.4 million. The Company, on behalf of its customers, began processing borrower applications for PPP forgiveness at the beginning of September 2020. Once forgiveness of the PPP loan was communicated and payment was received from the SBA, the Company recorded the cash received from the SBA, paid-off the loans based on the amount of forgiveness provided and accelerated the amount of net deferred loan fees/costs recognized for the portion of the PPP loans that were forgiven. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has received life to date payments from the SBA for forgiveness of these loans totaling $ 256.4 million, or approximately 99.9 % of the loans originated in 2020. The remaining balance of the loans originated in 2020 of $ 11 thousand is being amortized over the remaining life of the loans. The Company processed $ 107.9 million in new loans for PPP funding during 2021. The Company has received payments from the SBA for forgiveness of loans totaling $ 107.7 million, or approximately 99.8 % of the PPP loans originated in 2021. Of the remaining $ 230 thousand in loans originated in 2021, $ 188 thousand is being amortized over the remaining life of loans and $ 42 thousand is pending approval for forgiveness. Credit Quality Indicators: The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company establishes a risk rating at origination for all commercial loan and commercial real estate relationships. For relationships over $ 1 million management monitors the loans on an ongoing basis for any changes in the borrower’s ability to service their debt. Management also affirms the risk ratings for the loans and leases in their respective portfolios on an annual basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass rated loans. Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans is as follows: December 31, 2022 Pass Special Sub Total (In Thousands of Dollars) Commercial real estate Owner occupied $ 324,979 $ 1,193 $ 4,285 $ 330,457 Non-owner occupied 527,267 25,541 10,236 563,044 Farmland 186,057 0 2,525 188,582 Other 133,218 0 103 133,321 Commercial Commercial and industrial 282,412 777 11,217 294,406 Agricultural 58,002 250 337 58,589 Total loans $ 1,511,935 $ 27,761 $ 28,703 $ 1,568,399 December 31, 2021 Pass Special Sub Total Commercial real estate Owner occupied $ 330,754 $ 5,006 $ 4,214 $ 339,974 Non-owner occupied 495,170 19,366 18,170 532,706 Farmland 174,580 2,160 677 177,417 Other 137,063 784 147 137,994 Commercial Commercial and industrial 301,879 1,190 9,463 312,532 Agricultural 54,394 397 83 54,874 Total loans $ 1,493,840 $ 28,903 $ 32,754 $ 1,555,497 The Company considers the performance of the loan portfolio and its impact on the allowance for credit losses. For residential, consumer and indirect loan classes, the Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following table presents the recorded investment in residential, consumer and indirect auto loans based on payment activity. Nonperforming loans are loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest and nonaccrual loans. Residential Real Estate Consumer December 31, 2022 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Lines of Credit Indirect Direct Other (In Thousands of Dollars) Performing $ 472,335 $ 131,416 $ 204,248 $ 16,266 $ 7,712 Nonperforming 3,013 793 375 191 2 Total loans $ 475,348 $ 132,209 $ 204,623 $ 16,457 $ 7,714 Residential Real Estate Consumer December 31, 2021 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Lines of Credit Indirect Direct Other Performing $ 448,970 $ 126,497 $ 164,182 $ 20,908 $ 9,395 Nonperforming 3,822 953 578 280 0 Total loans $ 452,792 $ 127,450 $ 164,760 $ 21,188 $ 9,395 The following table presents total loans by risk categories and year of origination. Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year As of December 31 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Total Commercial real estate Risk Rating Pass $ 188,240 $ 174,841 $ 120,883 $ 138,342 $ 89,769 $ 256,103 $ 17,286 $ 985,464 Special mention 0 711 1,861 5,286 624 18,252 0 26,734 Substandard 0 18 256 1,968 267 10,952 1,163 14,624 Total commercial real estate loans $ 188,240 $ 175,570 $ 123,000 $ 145,596 $ 90,660 $ 285,307 $ 18,449 $ 1,026,822 Commercial Risk Rating Pass $ 100,368 $ 45,872 $ 34,110 $ 16,854 $ 13,574 $ 14,664 $ 56,970 $ 282,412 Special mention 0 197 0 0 0 0 580 777 Substandard 3,642 1,331 356 152 110 1,761 3,865 11,217 Total commercial loans $ 104,010 $ 47,400 $ 34,466 $ 17,006 $ 13,684 $ 16,425 $ 61,415 $ 294,406 Agricultural Risk Rating Pass $ 51,096 $ 36,376 $ 44,133 $ 23,661 $ 24,003 $ 45,490 $ 19,300 $ 244,059 Special mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 250 Substandard 0 379 235 72 0 2,146 30 2,862 Total agricultural loans $ 51,096 $ 36,755 $ 44,368 $ 23,733 $ 24,003 $ 47,636 $ 19,580 $ 247,171 Residential real estate Risk Rating Pass $ 83,951 $ 112,463 $ 76,095 $ 31,404 $ 22,918 $ 135,757 $ 3,956 $ 466,544 Special mention 0 0 70 118 76 93 0 357 Substandard 0 136 249 121 9 7,932 0 8,447 Total residential real estate loans $ 83,951 $ 112,599 $ 76,414 $ 31,643 $ 23,003 $ 143,782 $ 3,956 $ 475,348 Home equity lines of credit Risk Rating Pass $ 0 $ 10 $ 0 $ 0 $ 16 $ 1,394 $ 128,622 $ 130,042 Special mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 49 Substandard 0 13 137 20 0 1,848 100 2,118 Total home equity lines of credit $ 0 $ 23 $ 137 $ 20 $ 16 $ 3,242 $ 128,771 $ 132,209 Consumer Risk Rating Pass $ 98,530 $ 46,945 $ 32,284 $ 20,849 $ 10,918 $ 10,942 $ 7,302 $ 227,770 Special mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Substandard 102 113 267 230 109 202 1 1,024 Total consumer loans $ 98,632 $ 47,058 $ 32,551 $ 21,079 $ 11,027 $ 11,144 $ 7,303 $ 228,794 The Company follows ASU 2016-13 to calculate the allowance for credit losses which requires projecting credit losses over the lifetime of the credits. The ACL is adjusted through the provision for credit losses and reduced by net charge offs of loans. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, the credit risk in the loan portfolio largely influenced by general economic conditions and trends of the counties and markets in which the debtors operate, and the resulting impact on the operations of borrowers or on the value of any underlying collateral. The credit loss estimation process involves procedures that consider the unique characteristics of the Company’s loan portfolio segments. These segments are disaggregated into the loan pools for monitoring. A model of risk characteristics, such as loss history and delinquency experience, trends in past due and non-performing loans, as well as existing economic conditions and supportable forecasts used to determine credit loss assumptions. The Company uses two methodologies to analyze loan pools. The cohort method and the PD/LGD. Cohort relies on the creation of cohorts to capture loans that qualify for a particular segment, as of a point in time. Those loans are then tracked over their remaining lives to determine their loss experience. The Company aggregates financial assets on the basis of similar risk characteristics when evaluating loans on a collective basis. Those characteristics include, but aren’t limited to, internal or external credit score, risk ratings, financial asset, loan type, collateral type, size, effective interest rate, term, or geographical location. The Company uses cohort primarily for consumer loan portfolios. The probability of default portion of PD/LGD is defined by the Company as 90 days past due, placed on non-accrual, becomes a troubled debt restructuring or is partially, or wholly, charged-off. Typically, a one-year time period is used to asses PD. PD can be measured and applied using various risk criteria. Risk rating is one common way to apply PDs. Loss given default LGD is to determine the percentage of loss by facility or collateral type. LGD estimates can sometimes be driven, or influenced, by product type, industry or geography. The Company uses PD/LGD primarily for commercial loan portfolios. The following table presents the loan pools and the associated methodology used during the calculation of the allowance for credit losses in 2022. Portfolio Segments Loan Pool Methodology Loss Drivers Residential real estate 1-4 Family Residential Real Estate - 1st Liens Cohort Credit Loss History 1-4 Family Residential Real Estate - 2nd Liens Cohort Credit Loss History Home Equity Lines of Credit Home Equity Lines of Credit Cohort Credit Loss History Consumer Finance Cash Reserves Cohort Credit Loss History Direct Cohort Credit Loss History Indirect Cohort Credit Loss History Commercial Commercial and Industrial PD/LGD Credit Loss History Agricultural PD/LGD Credit Loss History Municipal PD/LGD Credit Loss History Commercial real estate Owner Occupied PD/LGD Credit Loss History Non-Owner Occupied PD/LGD Credit Loss History Multifamily PD/LGD Credit Loss History Farmland PD/LGD Credit Loss History Construction PD/LGD Credit Loss History According to accounting standard an entity may make an accounting policy election not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable if the entity writes off the applicable accrued interest receivable balance in a timely manner. The Company has made the accounting policy election not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables for all loan segments. Current policy dictates that a loan will be placed on nonaccrual status, with the current accrued interest receivable balance being written off, upon the loan being 90 days delinquent or when the loan is deemed to be collateral dependent and the collateral analysis shows insufficient collateral coverage based on a current assessment of the value of the collateral. In addition, ASC Topic 326 requires the Company to establish a liability for anticipated credit losses for unfunded commitments. To accomplish this, the Company must first establish a loss expectation for extended (funded) commitments. This loss expectation, expressed as a ratio to the amortized cost basis, is then applied to the portion of unfunded commitments not considered unilaterally cancelable, and considered by the company’s management as likely to fund over the life of the instrument. At December 31, 2022, the Company had $ 603 million in unfunded commitments and set aside $ 1.4 million in anticipated credit losses. This reserve is recorded in other liabilities as opposed to the ACL. The determination of ACL is complex and the Company makes decisions on the effects of factors that are inherently uncertain. Evaluations of the loan portfolio and individual credits require certain estimates, assumptions and judgements as to the facts and circumstances related to particular situations or credits. There may be significant changes in the ACL in future periods determined by prevailing factors at that point in time along with future forecasts. Purchased Loans As a result of the Cortland merger, the Company acquired $ 478.2 million in loans, excluding $ 4.0 million of loans held for sale. Under ASC Topic 326, when loans are purchased with evidence of more than significant deterioration of credit, they are accounted for as PCD. PCD loans acquired in a transaction are marked to fair value and a mark on yield is recorded. In addition, an adjustment is made to the ACL for the expected loss on the acquisition date. These loans are assessed on a regular basis and subsequent adjustments to the ACL are recorded on the income statement. On November 1, 2021, the Company acquired PCD loans with a fair value of $ 34.3 million, credit discount of $ 1.3 million and a noncredit discount of $ 1.1 million. The outstanding balance at December 31, 2022 and related allowance on these loans is as follows (in thousands): Loan Balance ACL Balance Commercial real estate Owner Occupied $ 1,480 $ 15 Non-owner Occupied 19,292 346 20,772 361 Commercial Commercial and industrial 1,644 35 Residential real estate 1-4 family residential 465 3 Total $ 22,881 $ 399 |